{"pageNumber":"1185","pageRowStart":"29600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70147956,"text":"ofr20151092 - 2015 - Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: abstract volume, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-08T14:04:53","indexId":"ofr20151092","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-08T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1092","title":"Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: abstract volume, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015","docAbstract":"

Limnogeology is the study of modern lakes and lake deposits in the geologic record. Limnogeologists have been active since the 1800s, but interest in limnogeology became prevalent in the early 1990s when it became clear that lake deposits contain continental environmental and climate records. A society that is focused on limnogeology would allow greater communication and access to research on these important subjects and contribute to providing sound science used to understand rapid global changes in our modern world; thus, the International Association of Limnogeology was founded in 1995 at the first International Limnogeology Congress (ILIC) held in Copenhagen, Denmark.

\n

The Sixth International Limnogeology Congress (ILIC6) was held in Reno, Nevada, from June 15–19, 2015. The ILIC meetings have been held every 4 years since the first meeting in1995 and were subsequently convened in Brest, France (1999), Tucson, Arizona, USA (2003), Barcelona, Spain (2007), and Konstanz, Germany (2011). The Congress in Reno, USA marks the second time the Congress has been held in the United States and more than 150 scientists from every part of the world participated. About one-half of the participants were from North America, together with scientists from Europe, South America, Asia, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The format of the Reno Congress followed the format originated at the Tucson Congress (ILIC3), which is unusual for scientific meetings. Nine keynote speakers spread throughout the Congress gave 1-hour talks, with the rest of the time available for viewing posters that were presented by the bulk of the participants. Keynote presentations were diverse and showed the breadth of research that is being done in lake systems worldwide. The abstracts of the keynote speakers and about 140 poster presentations are included in this volume. These posters cover a variety of limnologic, paleolimnologic, and limnogeologic topics including contaminant histories of lakes, the role of groundwater in lake processes, the formation of minerals in lake sediments, terminal lakes, how lakes reveal climate changes and paleohydrologic processes, the impact of volcanic emissions on lakes, as well as the biologic and chemical evolution of lake systems.

\n

The U.S. Geological Survey has sponsored each ILIC that has been held in the United States because of the importance of understanding paleoclimate and contaminant histories of lakes, two main themes of the Congress. This volume provides a permanent record of the wide variety of studies that are being conducted in modern lakes and ancient lake deposits worldwide, and it provides a stepping stone for any one desiring further discussion of the work that was presented at ILIC6.

","conferenceTitle":"Sixth International Limnogeology Congress","conferenceDate":"June 15-19, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Association of Limnogeology","usgsCitation":"2015, Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: abstract volume, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1092, vi, 244 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151092.","productDescription":"vi, 244 p.","numberOfPages":"254","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064519","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151092.jpg"},{"id":301076,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1092/"},{"id":301078,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151108","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1108","description":"Open-File Report 2015-1108","linkHelpText":"Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: field trip guidebook, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015"},{"id":301077,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1092/pdf/ofr2015-1092.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5576ae9ae4b032353cb4a449","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548310,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, Andrew S.","contributorId":100989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548311,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, Matthew","contributorId":140654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirby","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":13544,"text":"California State University, Fullerton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548312,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gierlowski-Kordesch, Elizabeth","contributorId":140655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gierlowski-Kordesch","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12807,"text":"Ohio University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548313,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Starratt, Scott W. 0000-0001-9405-1746 sstarrat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-1746","contributorId":2891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"Scott","email":"sstarrat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548314,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Valero Garces, Blas L.","contributorId":140656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valero Garces","given":"Blas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13545,"text":"Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología-CSIC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548315,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Varekamp, Johan","contributorId":140657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varekamp","given":"Johan","affiliations":[{"id":13546,"text":"Wesleyan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548316,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70148286,"text":"ofr20151108 - 2015 - Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: field trip guidebook, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-08T11:58:36","indexId":"ofr20151108","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-08T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1108","title":"Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: field trip guidebook, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015","docAbstract":"

Limnogeology is the study of modern lakes and lake deposits in the geologic record. Limnogeologists have been active since the 1800s, but interest in Limnogeology became prevalent in the early 1990s when it became clear that lake deposits contain continental environmental and climate records. A society that is focused on Limnogeology would allow greater communication and access to research on these important subjects and contribute to providing sound science used to understand rapid global changes in our modern world; thus the International Association of Limnogeology was founded in 1995 at the first International Limnogeology Congress (ILIC) held in Copenhagen, Denmark.

\n

The Sixth International Limnogeology Congress (ILIC6) was held in Reno, Nevada, from June 15–19, 2015. The ILIC meetings have been held every 4 years since the first meeting in1995 and were subsequently convened in Brest, France (1999), Tucson, USA (2003), Barcelona, Spain (2007), and Konstanz, Germany (2011). The Congress in Reno, USA marks the second time the Congress has been held in the United States and more than 150 scientists from every part of the world participated.

\n

As part of the Congress, ILIC6 included pre- and post- Congress field trips, the descriptions of which are included as separate trips in this Open-File Report. Trip 1 provides information on the pluvial and post-glacial Lakes of the eastern Great Basin, led by Paul Jewell, University of Utah, Ben Laabs, State University of New York-Geneseo, Jeff Munroe, Middlebury College, and Jack Oviatt, Kansas State University. Trip 2 contains information on the lake sequences of closed-basin lakes in the Eocene Green River Formation in Wyoming, led by Michael Smith, Northern Arizona University and Jennifer Scott, Mount Royal University. Trip 3 provides the background for the field trip to Pleistocene and modern lakes in the Great Basin of North America that was led by Susan Zimmerman, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Ken Adams, Desert Research Institute, and Michael Rosen, U.S. Geological Survey. Trip 4 contains the information for a trip to the modern lakes in Lassen National Park that was led by Paula Noble and Kerry Howard, both from the University of Nevada, Reno.

\n

The U.S. Geological Survey has sponsored each ILIC that has been held in the United States because of the importance of understanding paleoclimate and contaminant histories of lakes, two main themes of the Congress. This field trip guide provides a permanent record of some of the wide variety of studies that are being conducted in modern lakes and ancient lake deposits in western North America, and it provides a starting point for any one desiring to visit these exceptional sites or begin work in these areas.

","conferenceTitle":"Sixth International Limnogeology Congress","conferenceDate":"June 15-19, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Association of Limnogeology","usgsCitation":"2015, Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: field trip guidebook, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1108, vi, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151108.","productDescription":"vi, 100 p.","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064866","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151108.jpg"},{"id":301072,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1108/pdf/ofr2015-1108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301073,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151092","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1092","description":"Open-File Report 2015-1092","linkHelpText":"Sixth International Limnogeology Congress: abstract volume, Reno, Nevada, June 15-19, 2015"},{"id":301071,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1108/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin, Lassen Volcanic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.0872802734375,\n 41.04828819952275\n ],\n [\n -115.521240234375,\n 40.18516846826054\n ],\n [\n -115.48828125000001,\n 40.13899044275822\n ],\n [\n -115.24383544921875,\n 40.327701904195926\n ],\n [\n -115.10650634765625,\n 40.67647212850004\n ],\n [\n -114.02297973632812,\n 40.74517613004631\n ],\n [\n -113.65768432617188,\n 40.959159772134896\n ],\n [\n -113.84033203125,\n 41.00373905329032\n ],\n [\n -114.18228149414062,\n 40.826280356677124\n ],\n [\n -115.01586914062499,\n 40.950862628132775\n ],\n [\n -115.0872802734375,\n 41.04828819952275\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.54168701171875,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -110.54168701171875,\n 41.76926321969369\n ],\n [\n -109.10522460937499,\n 41.76926321969369\n ],\n [\n -109.10522460937499,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -110.54168701171875,\n 41.000629848685385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.47906494140624,\n 39.58240712203527\n ],\n [\n -119.59030151367188,\n 39.56970506644249\n ],\n [\n -119.84161376953125,\n 39.317300373271024\n ],\n [\n -119.84298706054688,\n 39.235444275770554\n ],\n [\n -119.14672851562499,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n -118.93798828125,\n 37.91170058826019\n ],\n [\n -118.72100830078125,\n 38.63189092902837\n ],\n [\n -118.740234375,\n 38.77549900381297\n ],\n [\n -118.8006591796875,\n 38.982897808179985\n ],\n [\n -118.795166015625,\n 39.26203141523749\n ],\n [\n -118.6248779296875,\n 39.3831409542565\n ],\n [\n -118.63037109375,\n 39.48920467334085\n ],\n [\n -118.87069702148436,\n 39.552765371831015\n ],\n [\n -119.47906494140624,\n 39.58240712203527\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.57745361328125,\n 40.550330732028456\n ],\n [\n -121.36974334716795,\n 40.550330732028456\n ],\n [\n -121.37042999267577,\n 40.5855387460858\n ],\n [\n -121.2839126586914,\n 40.583974338791805\n ],\n [\n -121.25198364257811,\n 40.540156079737145\n ],\n [\n -121.25164031982422,\n 40.5302408293016\n ],\n [\n -121.51359558105469,\n 40.42368991675518\n ],\n [\n -121.57814025878906,\n 40.529979881843865\n ],\n [\n -121.57745361328125,\n 40.550330732028456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5576ae9de4b032353cb4a453","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548270,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148452,"text":"70148452 - 2015 - Landscape disturbance from unconventional and conventional oil and gas development in the Marcellus Shale region of Pennsylvania, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-14T17:34:28.469263","indexId":"70148452","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5021,"text":"Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape disturbance from unconventional and conventional oil and gas development in the Marcellus Shale region of Pennsylvania, USA","docAbstract":"

The spatial footprint of unconventional (hydraulic fracturing) and conventional oil and gas development in the Marcellus Shale region of the State of Pennsylvania was digitized from high-resolution, ortho-rectified, digital aerial photography, from 2004 to 2010. We used these data to measure the spatial extent of oil and gas development and to assess the exposure of the extant natural resources across the landscape of the watersheds in the study area. We found that either form of development: (1) occurred in ~50% of the 930 watersheds that defined the study area; (2) was closer to streams than the recommended safe distance in ~50% of the watersheds; (3) was in some places closer to impaired streams and state-defined wildland trout streams than the recommended safe distance; (4) was within 10 upstream kilometers of surface drinking water intakes in ~45% of the watersheds that had surface drinking water intakes; (5) occurred in ~10% of state-defined exceptional value watersheds; (6) occurred in ~30% of the watersheds with resident populations defined as disproportionately exposed to pollutants; (7) tended to occur at interior forest locations; and (8) had >100 residents within 3 km for ~30% of the unconventional oil and gas development sites. Further, we found that exposure to the potential effects of landscape disturbance attributable to conventional oil and gas development was more prevalent than its unconventional counterpart.

","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.3390/environments2020200","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, T.E., and Milheim, L., 2015, Landscape disturbance from unconventional and conventional oil and gas development in the Marcellus Shale region of Pennsylvania, USA: Environments, v. 2, no. 2, p. 200-220, https://doi.org/10.3390/environments2020200.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060471","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environments2020200","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Marcellus Shale region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.53700943985835,\n 39.858770491692525\n ],\n [\n -75.94119467051401,\n 40.343724405280796\n ],\n [\n -74.31416203114968,\n 41.136613984593424\n ],\n [\n -75.42940506094872,\n 41.98252460542756\n ],\n [\n -79.77579741680867,\n 42.02225947674938\n ],\n [\n -79.89037718014443,\n 42.20358852900213\n ],\n [\n -80.53202385482297,\n 41.97684616967814\n ],\n [\n -80.54730115660134,\n 39.73552379388724\n ],\n [\n -78.82096605567959,\n 39.70614679531755\n ],\n [\n -78.69874764145489,\n 40.425182945651585\n ],\n [\n -78.04946231588691,\n 41.021453137217605\n ],\n [\n -76.71269841030623,\n 41.2573156562668\n ],\n [\n -76.84255547541991,\n 40.894543228560565\n ],\n [\n -76.52937078896939,\n 40.923407813957596\n ],\n [\n -78.25570588989113,\n 39.89980363356864\n ],\n [\n -78.28626049344695,\n 39.676757283700994\n ],\n [\n -77.69044572410263,\n 39.73552379388724\n ],\n [\n -77.04116039853469,\n 40.16883881318182\n ],\n [\n -76.51409348719147,\n 40.81943634649028\n ],\n [\n -76.04049713207142,\n 40.73845679874668\n ],\n [\n -76.84255547541991,\n 40.11044319933444\n ],\n [\n -76.53700943985835,\n 39.858770491692525\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfb6e4b08400b1fe140c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slonecker, Terry E. tslonecker@usgs.gov","contributorId":446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"Terry","email":"tslonecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milheim, Lesley E. lmilheim@usgs.gov","contributorId":2560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milheim","given":"Lesley E.","email":"lmilheim@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70150458,"text":"70150458 - 2015 - Control of nitrogen and phosphorus transport by reservoirs in agricultural landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-16T15:20:21","indexId":"70150458","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Control of nitrogen and phosphorus transport by reservoirs in agricultural landscapes","docAbstract":"

Reservoirs often receive excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) lost from agricultural land, and may subsequently influence N and P delivery to inland and coastal waters through internal processes such as nutrient burial, denitrification, and nutrient turnover. Currently there is a need to better understand how reservoirs affect nutrient transport in agricultural landscapes, where few prior studies have provided joint views on the variation in net retention/loss among reservoirs, the role of reservoirs apart from natural lakes, and differences in effects on N versus P, especially over time frames >1 year. To address these needs, we compiled water quality data from many rivers in intermediate-to-large drainages of the Midwestern US, including tributaries to the Upper Mississippi River, Great Lakes, and Ohio River Basins, where cropland often covers >50 % of the contributing area. Incorporating 18 years of data (1990–2007), effects of reservoirs on river nutrient transport were examined using comparisons between reservoir out- flow sites and unimpeded river sites (N = 869, including 100 reservoir outflow sites) supported by mass balance analysis of individual reservoirs (n = 17). Reservoir outflows sites commonly had 20 % lower annual yields (mass per catchment area per year) of total N and total P (TP) than unimpeded rivers after accounting for cropland coverage. Reservoir outflow sites also had lower interannual variability in TP yields. The mass balance approach confirmed net N losses in reservoirs, suggesting denitrification of agricultural N, or N burial in sediments. Net retention of P ranged more widely, and multiple systems showed net P export, providing new evidence that legacy P within reservoir systems may mobilize over the long-term. Our results indicate that reservoirs broadly influence the downstream transport of N and P through agricultural river networks, including networks where natural lakes and wetlands are relatively scarce. This calls for a more complete understanding of agricultural reservoirs as open, connected features of river networks where biogeochemical processes are often influential to downstream water quality, but potentially sensitive to changes associated with sedimentation, eutrophication, infrastructure aging, and reservoir management.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-015-0106-3","usgsCitation":"Powers, S.M., Tank, J., and Robertson, D.M., 2015, Control of nitrogen and phosphorus transport by reservoirs in agricultural landscapes: Biogeochemistry, v. 124, p. 417-439, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0106-3.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"439","ipdsId":"IP-056109","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Midwest, Upper Mississippi River, Great Lakes, Ohio River Basin","volume":"124","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fcbf3e4b0f5d57878ecc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powers, Stephen M.","contributorId":35238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powers","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tank, Jennifer L.","contributorId":103870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tank","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70143609,"text":"70143609 - 2015 - Geomorphic consequences of volcanic eruptions in Alaska: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T17:54:39.089956","indexId":"70143609","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-06T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic consequences of volcanic eruptions in Alaska: A review","docAbstract":"

Eruptions of Alaska volcanoes have significant and sometimes profound geomorphic consequences on surrounding landscapes and ecosystems. The effects of eruptions on the landscape can range from complete burial of surface vegetation and preexisting topography to subtle, short-term perturbations of geomorphic and ecological systems. In some cases, an eruption will allow for new landscapes to form in response to the accumulation and erosion of recently deposited volcaniclastic material. In other cases, the geomorphic response to a major eruptive event may set in motion a series of landscape changes that could take centuries to millennia to be realized. The effects of volcanic eruptions on the landscape and how these effects influence surface processes has not been a specific focus of most studies concerned with the physical volcanology of Alaska volcanoes. Thus, what is needed is a review of eruptive activity in Alaska in the context of how this activity influences the geomorphology of affected areas. To illustrate the relationship between geomorphology and volcanic activity in Alaska, several eruptions and their geomorphic impacts will be reviewed. These eruptions include the 1912 Novarupta–Katmai eruption, the 1989–1990 and 2009 eruptions of Redoubt volcano, the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi volcano, and the recent historical eruptions of Pavlof volcano. The geomorphic consequences of eruptive activity associated with these eruptions are described, and where possible, information about surface processes, rates of landscape change, and the temporal and spatial scale of impacts are discussed.

A common feature of volcanoes in Alaska is their extensive cover of glacier ice, seasonal snow, or both. As a result, the generation of meltwater and a variety of sediment–water mass flows, including debris-flow lahars, hyperconcentrated-flow lahars, and sediment-laden water floods, are typical outcomes of most types of eruptive activity. Occasionally, such flows can be quite large, with flow volumes in the range of 107–109 m3. A review of the lahars generated during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt volcano will illustrate the geomorphic impacts of lahars on stream channels and riparian habitat. Although much work is needed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the geomorphic consequences of volcanic activity in Alaska, this review provides a synthesis of some of the best-studied eruptions and perhaps will serve as a starting point for future work on this topic.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.004","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., 2015, Geomorphic consequences of volcanic eruptions in Alaska: A review: Geomorphology, v. 246, p. 123-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.004.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"145","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064492","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.94140625,\n 63.74363097533544\n ],\n [\n -144.05273437499997,\n 59.95501026206206\n ],\n [\n -149.0185546875,\n 57.302789656350086\n ],\n [\n -154.8193359375,\n 54.29088164657006\n ],\n [\n -158.9501953125,\n 53.82659674299413\n ],\n [\n -163.828125,\n 52.26815737376817\n ],\n [\n -172.96875,\n 50.233151832472245\n ],\n [\n -179.7802734375,\n 49.809631563563094\n ],\n [\n -187.55859375,\n 50.45750402042058\n ],\n [\n -193.4912109375,\n 52.855864177853995\n ],\n [\n -191.0302734375,\n 54.826007999094955\n ],\n [\n -181.494140625,\n 53.930219863940025\n ],\n [\n -170.595703125,\n 55.47885346331034\n ],\n [\n -162.9052734375,\n 57.7041472343419\n ],\n [\n -149.94140625,\n 63.74363097533544\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"246","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5628b733e4b0d158f5926c20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70147788,"text":"ds933 - 2015 - Hydrologic data from wells at or in the vicinity of the San Juan coal mine, San Juan County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T12:48:35","indexId":"ds933","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-05T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"933","title":"Hydrologic data from wells at or in the vicinity of the San Juan coal mine, San Juan County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"

In 2010, in cooperation with the Mining and Minerals Division (MMD) of the State of New Mexico Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated a 4-year assessment of hydrologic conditions at the San Juan coal mine (SJCM), located about 14 miles west-northwest of the city of Farmington, San Juan County, New Mexico. The mine produces coal for power generation at the adjacent San Juan Generating Station (SJGS) and stores coal-combustion byproducts from the SJGS in mined-out surface-mining pits. The purpose of the hydrologic assessment is to identify groundwater flow paths away from SJCM coal-combustion-byproduct storage sites that might allow metals that may be leached from coal-combustion byproducts to eventually reach wells or streams after regional dewatering ceases and groundwater recovers to predevelopment levels. The hydrologic assessment, undertaken between 2010 and 2013, included compilation of existing data. The purpose of this report is to present data that were acquired and compiled by the USGS for the SJCM hydrologic assessment.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds933","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mining and Minerals Division of the State of New Mexico Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department","usgsCitation":"Stewart, A.M., and Thomas, N., 2015, Hydrologic data from wells at or in the vicinity of the San Juan coal mine, San Juan County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 933, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds933.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059091","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds933.jpg"},{"id":301051,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0933/"},{"id":301052,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0933/ds933.html","text":"Report","size":"19 KB","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"San Juan County","otherGeospatial":"San Juan coal mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.24623107910156,\n 36.72402574695313\n ],\n [\n -108.19747924804688,\n 36.76584198280488\n ],\n [\n -108.18168640136719,\n 36.791140738852704\n ],\n [\n -108.18168640136719,\n 36.8037869853087\n ],\n [\n -108.15284729003906,\n 36.86039455866718\n ],\n [\n -108.1391143798828,\n 36.88401445049676\n ],\n [\n -108.13156127929686,\n 36.90762703795211\n ],\n [\n -108.13499450683594,\n 36.929036787414525\n ],\n [\n -108.16932678222656,\n 36.93836736111466\n ],\n [\n -108.20091247558592,\n 36.94001381436853\n ],\n [\n -108.22288513183594,\n 36.92848789456677\n ],\n [\n -108.24829101562499,\n 36.89499795802219\n ],\n [\n -108.26133728027344,\n 36.8631414329529\n ],\n [\n -108.28125,\n 36.83346996591306\n ],\n [\n -108.3306884765625,\n 36.82797398619907\n ],\n [\n -108.39317321777344,\n 36.832370801556834\n ],\n [\n -108.48518371582031,\n 36.79718920417815\n ],\n [\n -108.49067687988281,\n 36.74328605437939\n ],\n [\n -108.29498291015624,\n 36.72017310567465\n ],\n [\n -108.24623107910156,\n 36.72402574695313\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5572ba25e4b077dba76c1b90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Anne M. astewart@usgs.gov","contributorId":3938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Anne","email":"astewart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Nicole nithomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":5649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nicole","email":"nithomas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70139689,"text":"ofr20151010 - 2015 - Multi-elemental analysis of aqueous geochemical samples by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T11:58:22","indexId":"ofr20151010","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-05T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1010","title":"Multi-elemental analysis of aqueous geochemical samples by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)","docAbstract":"

Typically, quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is used to determine as many as 57 major, minor, and trace elements in aqueous geochemical samples, including natural surface water and groundwater, acid mine drainage water, and extracts or leachates from geological samples. The sample solution is aspirated into the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) which is an electrodeless discharge of ionized argon gas at a temperature of approximately 6,000 degrees Celsius. The elements in the sample solution are subsequently volatilized, atomized, and ionized by the ICP. The ions generated are then focused and introduced into a quadrupole mass filter which only allows one mass to reach the detector at a given moment in time. As the settings of the mass analyzer change, subsequent masses are allowed to impact the detector. Although the typical quadrupole ICP-MS system is a sequential scanning instrument (determining each mass separately), the scan speed of modern instruments is on the order of several thousand masses per second. Consequently, typical total sample analysis times of 2–3 minutes are readily achievable for up to 57 elements.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151010","usgsCitation":"Wolf, R.E., and Adams, M., 2015, Multi-elemental analysis of aqueous geochemical samples by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1010, Report: iv, 34 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151010.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056063","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151010.jpg"},{"id":301047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1010/"},{"id":301048,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1010/pdf/ofr2015-1010.pdf","text":"Report","size":"700 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301049,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1010/downloads/ofr2015-1010_table1-2.xlsx","text":"Download","linkHelpText":"Contains table 1–2, a correction equations calculation worksheet with formulas used for calculations in the report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5572ba27e4b077dba76c1b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, Ruth E. rwolf@usgs.gov","contributorId":903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Ruth","email":"rwolf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Monique madams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Monique","email":"madams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148428,"text":"70148428 - 2015 - Detecting the influence of rare stressors on rare species in Yosemite National Park using a novel stratified permutation test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T09:58:02","indexId":"70148428","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-05T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting the influence of rare stressors on rare species in Yosemite National Park using a novel stratified permutation test","docAbstract":"

Statistical models often use observational data to predict phenomena; however, interpreting model terms to understand their influence can be problematic. This issue poses a challenge in species conservation where setting priorities requires estimating influences of potential stressors using observational data. We present a novel approach for inferring influence of a rare stressor on a rare species by blending predictive models with nonparametric permutation tests. We illustrate the approach with two case studies involving rare amphibians in Yosemite National Park, USA. The endangered frog, Rana sierrae, is known to be negatively impacted by non-native fish, while the threatened toad, Anaxyrus canorus, is potentially affected by packstock. Both stressors and amphibians are rare, occurring in ~10% of potential habitat patches. We first predict amphibian occupancy with a statistical model that includes all predictors but the stressor to stratify potential habitat by predicted suitability. A stratified permutation test then evaluates the association between stressor and amphibian, all else equal. Our approach confirms the known negative relationship between fish and R. sierrae, but finds no evidence of a negative relationship between current packstock use and A. canorus breeding. Our statistical approach has potential broad application for deriving understanding (not just prediction) from observational data.

","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/srep10702","usgsCitation":"Matchett, J.R., Stark, P.B., Ostoja, S.M., Knapp, R.A., McKenny, H.C., Brooks, M.L., Langford, W.T., Joppa, L.N., and Berlow, E.L., 2015, Detecting the influence of rare stressors on rare species in Yosemite National Park using a novel stratified permutation test: Scientific Reports, v. 5, 12 p.; Article number: 10702, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10702.","productDescription":"12 p.; Article number: 10702","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062390","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10702","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.66308593749999,\n 37.496652341233364\n ],\n [\n -119.57244873046874,\n 37.49556277942662\n ],\n [\n -119.57382202148439,\n 37.53368798315969\n ],\n [\n -119.43923950195312,\n 37.536954951447285\n ],\n [\n -119.388427734375,\n 37.554376365024865\n ],\n [\n -119.36920166015624,\n 37.63054716639914\n ],\n [\n -119.32388305664064,\n 37.63380988687157\n ],\n [\n -119.25659179687499,\n 37.72836644908416\n ],\n [\n -119.26895141601562,\n 37.74248523826606\n ],\n [\n -119.20166015625,\n 37.80001858607365\n ],\n [\n -119.20028686523438,\n 37.89002800137122\n ],\n [\n -119.23599243164062,\n 37.91061711049342\n ],\n [\n -119.31289672851562,\n 37.9593578107923\n ],\n [\n -119.32113647460936,\n 37.97451499202459\n ],\n [\n -119.31015014648438,\n 38.04484662140698\n ],\n [\n -119.34722900390625,\n 38.08593231319764\n ],\n [\n -119.42825317382811,\n 38.11943249695316\n ],\n [\n -119.44198608398438,\n 38.098901948321256\n ],\n [\n -119.46533203125,\n 38.098901948321256\n ],\n [\n -119.47219848632812,\n 38.13023573104302\n ],\n [\n -119.50241088867188,\n 38.158316657442\n ],\n [\n -119.50790405273436,\n 38.135636748588574\n ],\n [\n -119.57382202148439,\n 38.161556068786886\n ],\n [\n -119.58755493164061,\n 38.187466178077905\n ],\n [\n -119.62326049804688,\n 38.1680344597114\n ],\n [\n -119.62600708007812,\n 38.15291731872143\n ],\n [\n -119.7015380859375,\n 38.13239618602294\n ],\n [\n -119.73724365234375,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -119.81414794921875,\n 38.09674050228651\n ],\n [\n -119.83886718750001,\n 38.089174937729794\n ],\n [\n -119.87457275390625,\n 38.05566088242076\n ],\n [\n -119.88693237304688,\n 37.98642201062662\n ],\n [\n -119.88555908203126,\n 37.89327929625019\n ],\n [\n -119.82650756835938,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -119.827880859375,\n 37.83798775896512\n ],\n [\n -119.871826171875,\n 37.81195385919268\n ],\n [\n -119.87594604492188,\n 37.791337175930686\n ],\n [\n -119.85260009765624,\n 37.738141282210385\n ],\n [\n -119.7784423828125,\n 37.73922729512254\n ],\n [\n -119.77981567382812,\n 37.7109857819458\n ],\n [\n -119.7674560546875,\n 37.68708070686609\n ],\n [\n -119.81277465820312,\n 37.67947293019486\n ],\n [\n -119.81277465820312,\n 37.665342132088284\n ],\n [\n -119.761962890625,\n 37.669690356567855\n ],\n [\n -119.71389770507814,\n 37.65338320128765\n ],\n [\n -119.72625732421874,\n 37.642509774448754\n ],\n [\n -119.72351074218749,\n 37.62945956107554\n ],\n [\n -119.69604492187499,\n 37.62837193983584\n ],\n [\n -119.69467163085936,\n 37.58267747761301\n ],\n [\n -119.70428466796875,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -119.70016479492188,\n 37.54893261064111\n ],\n [\n -119.66308593749999,\n 37.496652341233364\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5572ba22e4b077dba76c1b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matchett, John R. 0000-0002-2905-6468 jmatchett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2905-6468","contributorId":1669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"John","email":"jmatchett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stark, Philip B.","contributorId":141069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stark","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13669,"text":"UC Berkeley, Department of Statistics","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostoja, Steven M. sostoja@usgs.gov","contributorId":3039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostoja","given":"Steven","email":"sostoja@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33665,"text":"USDA California Climate Hub, UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knapp, Roland A.","contributorId":69901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"Roland","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKenny, Heather C.","contributorId":141070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKenny","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13670,"text":"National Park Service, Denali National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Langford, William T.","contributorId":141071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langford","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13671,"text":"RMIT University, School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, Melbourne, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Joppa, Lucas N.","contributorId":99905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joppa","given":"Lucas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Berlow, Eric L.","contributorId":91416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berlow","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70148345,"text":"fs20153041 - 2015 - Real-time, continuous water-quality monitoring in Indiana and Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T09:36:36","indexId":"fs20153041","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-05T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3041","title":"Real-time, continuous water-quality monitoring in Indiana and Kentucky","docAbstract":"

Water-quality “super” gages (also known as “sentry” gages) provide real-time, continuous measurements of the physical and chemical characteristics of stream water at or near selected U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages in Indiana and Kentucky. A super gage includes streamflow and water-quality instrumentation and representative stream sample collection for laboratory analysis. USGS scientists can use statistical surrogate models to relate instrument values to analyzed chemical concentrations at a super gage. Real-time, continuous and laboratory-analyzed concentration and load data are publicly accessible on USGS Web pages.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153041","usgsCitation":"Shoda, M.E., Lathrop, T., and Risch, M.R., 2015, Real-time, continuous water-quality monitoring in Indiana and Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3041, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153041.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061469","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153041.jpg"},{"id":301042,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3041/"},{"id":301043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3041/pdf/fs2015-3041.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.44 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.8089599609375,\n 41.759019938155404\n ],\n [\n -86.82769775390625,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -87.07489013671875,\n 41.66060124302088\n ],\n [\n -87.24517822265624,\n 41.623655390686395\n ],\n [\n -87.41546630859375,\n 41.638025739250786\n ],\n [\n -87.52532958984374,\n 41.724180549563606\n ],\n [\n -87.53356933593749,\n 39.35553794109382\n ],\n [\n -87.637939453125,\n 39.15988184949157\n ],\n [\n -87.5006103515625,\n 38.74551518488265\n ],\n [\n -87.967529296875,\n 38.26406296833961\n ],\n [\n -88.14880371093749,\n 37.67947293019486\n ],\n [\n -88.0718994140625,\n 37.505368263398104\n ],\n [\n -88.4619140625,\n 37.40943717748788\n ],\n [\n -88.43994140625,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 37.08585785263673\n ],\n [\n -88.98376464843749,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -89.1815185546875,\n 37.06394430056685\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 36.60670888641815\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 36.575835338491764\n ],\n [\n -89.527587890625,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -88.04443359375,\n 36.50522086338427\n ],\n [\n -88.0718994140625,\n 36.69485094156225\n ],\n [\n -87.8302001953125,\n 36.64638529597495\n ],\n [\n -86.5283203125,\n 36.64638529597495\n ],\n [\n -85.242919921875,\n 36.62434536776987\n ],\n [\n -83.6773681640625,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -83.49334716796875,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -83.111572265625,\n 36.74768773190056\n ],\n [\n -82.69958496093749,\n 37.13404537126446\n ],\n [\n -82.2930908203125,\n 37.29153547292737\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 37.54893261064111\n ],\n [\n -82.27111816406249,\n 37.67947293019486\n ],\n [\n -82.5018310546875,\n 38.00049145082287\n ],\n [\n -82.64465332031249,\n 38.156156969924915\n ],\n [\n -82.6007080078125,\n 38.44068226417387\n ],\n [\n -82.694091796875,\n 38.56105262446978\n ],\n [\n -82.8533935546875,\n 38.603993275591684\n ],\n [\n -82.891845703125,\n 38.77549900381297\n ],\n [\n -83.25439453125,\n 38.62116234642254\n ],\n [\n -83.51806640624999,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -83.682861328125,\n 38.638327308061875\n ],\n [\n -83.78173828125,\n 38.676933444637925\n ],\n [\n -83.9410400390625,\n 38.79690830348427\n ],\n [\n -84.2156982421875,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -84.30908203125,\n 39.01918369029134\n ],\n [\n -84.473876953125,\n 39.06184913429154\n ],\n [\n -84.7100830078125,\n 39.15136267949032\n ],\n [\n -84.825439453125,\n 39.11727568585595\n ],\n [\n -84.8089599609375,\n 41.759019938155404\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5572ba28e4b077dba76c1b94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoda, Megan E. 0000-0002-5343-9717 meshoda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5343-9717","contributorId":4352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoda","given":"Megan","email":"meshoda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lathrop, Timothy R. trlathro@usgs.gov","contributorId":4065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lathrop","given":"Timothy R.","email":"trlathro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Risch, Martin R. 0000-0002-7908-7887 mrrisch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-7887","contributorId":2118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risch","given":"Martin","email":"mrrisch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156221,"text":"70156221 - 2015 - Dynamic rupture models of earthquakes on the Bartlett Springs Fault, Northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-18T08:06:12","indexId":"70156221","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-05T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic rupture models of earthquakes on the Bartlett Springs Fault, Northern California","docAbstract":"

The Bartlett Springs Fault (BSF), the easternmost branch of the northern San Andreas Fault system, creeps along much of its length. Geodetic data for the BSF are sparse, and surface creep rates are generally poorly constrained. The two existing geodetic slip rate inversions resolve at least one locked patch within the creeping zones. We use the 3-D finite element code FaultMod to conduct dynamic rupture models based on both geodetic inversions, in order to determine the ability of rupture to propagate into the creeping regions, as well as to assess possible magnitudes for BSF ruptures. For both sets of models, we find that the distribution of aseismic creep limits the extent of coseismic rupture, due to the contrast in frictional properties between the locked and creeping regions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2015GL063802","usgsCitation":"Lozos, J.C., Harris, R.A., Murray, J.R., and Lienkaemper, J.J., 2015, Dynamic rupture models of earthquakes on the Bartlett Springs Fault, Northern California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 11, p. 4343-4349, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063802.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4343","endPage":"4349","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060677","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bartlett Springs Fault, Northern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.5025634765625,\n 37.931200459333716\n ],\n [\n -124.5025634765625,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -120.83312988281249,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -120.83312988281249,\n 37.931200459333716\n ],\n [\n -124.5025634765625,\n 37.931200459333716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d4572fe4b0518e354694ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lozos, Julian C.","contributorId":146525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lozos","given":"Julian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Ruth A. 0000-0002-9247-0768 harris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Ruth","email":"harris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168500,"text":"70168500 - 2015 - Microbial infections are associated with embryo mortality in Arctic-nesting geese.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T20:27:04","indexId":"70168500","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial infections are associated with embryo mortality in Arctic-nesting geese.","docAbstract":"

To address the role of bacterial infection in hatching failure of wild geese, we monitored embryo development in a breeding population of Greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska. During 2013, we observed mortality of normally developing embryos and collected 36 addled eggs for analysis. We also collected 17 infertile eggs for comparison. Using standard culture methods and gene sequencing to identify bacteria within collected eggs, we identified a potentially novel species of Neisseria in 33 eggs, Macrococcus caseolyticus in 6 eggs, and Streptococcus uberis and Rothia nasimurium in 4 eggs each. We detected seven other bacterial species at lower frequencies. Sequences of the 16S rRNA genes from the Neisseria isolates most closely matched sequences from N. animaloris and N. canis (96 to 97% identity), but phylogenetic analysis suggested substantial genetic differentiation between egg isolates and known Neisseria species. Although definitive sources of the bacteria remain unknown, we detected Neisseria DNA from swabs of eggshells, nest contents, and cloacae of nesting females. To assess the pathogenicity of bacteria identified in contents of addled eggs, we inoculated isolates of Neisseria, Macrococcus, Streptococcus, and Rothia at various concentrations into developing chicken eggs. Seven-day mortality rates varied from 70 to 100%, depending on the bacterial species and inoculation dose. Our results suggest that bacterial infections are a source of embryo mortality in wild geese in the Arctic.    

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1128/AEM.00706-15","usgsCitation":"Hansen, C.M., Meixell, B.W., Van Hemert, C.R., Hare, R.F., and Hueffer, K., 2015, Microbial infections are associated with embryo mortality in Arctic-nesting geese.: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 81, no. 16, p. 5583-5592, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00706-15.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"5583","endPage":"5592","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059332","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00706-15","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318097,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.3,\n 70.9\n ],\n [\n -153.3,\n 70.93\n ],\n [\n -153.2,\n 70.93\n ],\n [\n -153.2,\n 70.9\n ],\n [\n -153.3,\n 70.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4564ce4b0946c65218568","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Cristina M.","contributorId":166985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meixell, Brandt W. 0000-0002-6738-0349 bmeixell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-0349","contributorId":138716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meixell","given":"Brandt","email":"bmeixell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hare, Rebekah F.","contributorId":166986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hare","given":"Rebekah","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hueffer, Karsten","contributorId":139938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hueffer","given":"Karsten","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70159194,"text":"70159194 - 2015 - Leaf-on canopy closure in broadleaf deciduous forests predicted during winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T09:38:35","indexId":"70159194","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-04T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leaf-on canopy closure in broadleaf deciduous forests predicted during winter","docAbstract":"

Forest canopy influences light transmittance, which in turn affects tree regeneration and survival, thereby having an impact on forest composition and habitat conditions for wildlife. Because leaf area is the primary impediment to light penetration, quantitative estimates of canopy closure are normally made during summer. Studies of forest structure and wildlife habitat that occur during winter, when deciduous trees have shed their leaves, may inaccurately estimate canopy closure. We estimated percent canopy closure during both summer (leaf-on) and winter (leaf-off) in broadleaf deciduous forests in Mississippi and Louisiana using gap light analysis of hemispherical photographs that were obtained during repeat visits to the same locations within bottomland and mesic upland hardwood forests and hardwood plantation forests. We used mixed-model linear regression to predict leaf-on canopy closure from measurements of leaf-off canopy closure, basal area, stem density, and tree height. Competing predictive models all included leaf-off canopy closure (relative importance = 0.93), whereas basal area and stem density, more traditional predictors of canopy closure, had relative model importance of ≤ 0.51.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of American Foresters","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.5849/forsci.14-196","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D.J., Ayala, A.J., and Shickel, M.R., 2015, Leaf-on canopy closure in broadleaf deciduous forests predicted during winter: Forest Science, v. 61, no. 5, p. 926-931, https://doi.org/10.5849/forsci.14-196.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"931","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029857","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5849/forsci.14-196","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi, Louisiana","county":"Warren County, Washington County, Concordia Parish, Ouachita Parish","otherGeospatial":"Vicksburg National Military Park, Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge, Bayou Cocodrie National Wildlife Refuge, Ouachita Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.83221435546875,\n 32.416196857732615\n ],\n [\n -90.82775115966797,\n 32.39503715441902\n ],\n [\n -90.83358764648438,\n 32.350382611597084\n ],\n [\n -90.84423065185547,\n 32.3051256533381\n ],\n [\n -90.89229583740234,\n 32.312670050625805\n ],\n [\n -90.89263916015625,\n 32.351252715976635\n ],\n [\n -90.85968017578125,\n 32.39329778013638\n ],\n [\n -90.84182739257812,\n 32.41648668224032\n ],\n [\n -90.83221435546875,\n 32.416196857732615\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.67232513427734,\n 31.6080716901568\n ],\n [\n -91.55284881591797,\n 31.630875463892085\n ],\n [\n -91.47800445556639,\n 31.54577139493626\n ],\n [\n -91.52641296386719,\n 31.503336585908894\n ],\n [\n -91.58477783203125,\n 31.44389548193338\n ],\n [\n -91.63764953613281,\n 31.43510788139414\n ],\n [\n -91.68811798095702,\n 31.446238702913487\n ],\n [\n -91.7080307006836,\n 31.510947004481356\n ],\n [\n -91.67232513427734,\n 31.609533638130237\n ],\n [\n -91.67232513427734,\n 31.6080716901568\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.99185943603516,\n 33.158535084755506\n ],\n [\n -90.9719467163086,\n 33.15479859453161\n ],\n [\n -90.95958709716797,\n 33.13812616037496\n ],\n [\n -90.93624114990234,\n 33.09873214388328\n ],\n [\n -90.9393310546875,\n 33.07773395720986\n ],\n [\n -90.9949493408203,\n 33.016724505691684\n ],\n [\n -91.02584838867186,\n 33.006936039186705\n ],\n [\n -91.03202819824219,\n 33.09643121740349\n ],\n [\n -91.03752136230469,\n 33.14186336074585\n ],\n [\n -91.04129791259764,\n 33.15939732912291\n ],\n [\n -91.03202819824219,\n 33.167444534375925\n ],\n [\n -91.01142883300781,\n 33.16715714690631\n ],\n [\n -90.99185943603516,\n 33.158535084755506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.03058242797852,\n 32.42619526523664\n ],\n [\n -91.99195861816406,\n 32.41170445881864\n ],\n [\n -91.99470520019531,\n 32.39489220784177\n ],\n [\n -92.00843811035155,\n 32.37691702932191\n ],\n [\n -92.01032638549805,\n 32.35937328656201\n ],\n [\n -92.00843811035155,\n 32.35487806079905\n ],\n [\n -92.01393127441406,\n 32.344871756170356\n ],\n [\n -92.01187133789062,\n 32.33283372044027\n ],\n [\n -92.07504272460938,\n 32.30846267577418\n ],\n [\n -92.09049224853516,\n 32.31629694107953\n ],\n [\n -92.08877563476562,\n 32.334284171031264\n ],\n [\n -92.08602905273436,\n 32.360823311722164\n ],\n [\n -92.0815658569336,\n 32.363868288869426\n ],\n [\n -92.0712661743164,\n 32.36488325846306\n ],\n [\n -92.0595932006836,\n 32.36894302288861\n ],\n [\n -92.05856323242188,\n 32.382135998008685\n ],\n [\n -92.05169677734375,\n 32.40141457347703\n ],\n [\n -92.05341339111328,\n 32.42329729015898\n ],\n [\n -92.04740524291992,\n 32.42619526523664\n ],\n [\n -92.03178405761717,\n 32.427354429196654\n ],\n [\n -92.03058242797852,\n 32.42619526523664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56261475e4b0fb9a11dd763a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayala, Andrea J.","contributorId":149300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ayala","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shickel, Madeline R.","contributorId":149301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shickel","given":"Madeline","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148427,"text":"70148427 - 2015 - Effects of ungulate disturbance and weather variation on Pediocactus winkleri: Insights from long-term monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T14:52:34.280534","indexId":"70148427","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-04T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of ungulate disturbance and weather variation on Pediocactus winkleri: Insights from long-term monitoring","title":"Effects of ungulate disturbance and weather variation on Pediocactus winkleri: Insights from long-term monitoring","docAbstract":"

Population dynamics and effects of large ungulate disturbances on Winkler cactus (Pediocactus winkleri K.D. Heil) were documented annually over a 20-year time span at one plot within Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. This cactus species was federally listed as threatened in 1998. The study began in 1995 to gain a better understanding of life history aspects and threats to this species. Data were collected annually in early spring and included diameter, condition, reproductive structures, mortality, recruitment, and disturbance by large ungulates. We used odds ratio and probability model analyses to determine effects of large ungulate trampling and weather on these cacti. During the study, plot population declined by 18%, with trampling of cactus, low precipitation, and cold spring temperatures implicated as causal factors. Precipitation and temperature affected flowering, mortality, and recruitment. Large ungulate disturbances increased mortality and reduced the probability of flowering. These results suggest that large ungulate disturbances and recent climate regimes have had an adverse impact on long-term persistence of this cactus.

","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.075.0110","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.J., Clark, T.O., Duniway, M.C., and Flagg, C.B., 2015, Effects of ungulate disturbance and weather variation on Pediocactus winkleri: Insights from long-term monitoring: Western North American Naturalist, v. 75, no. 1, p. 88-101, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.075.0110.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059738","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Capitol Reef National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.39862060546875,\n 38.52614444334863\n ],\n [\n -111.39656066894531,\n 38.47670698285465\n ],\n [\n -111.37870788574219,\n 38.47563187862808\n ],\n [\n -111.37699127197266,\n 38.447673541611195\n ],\n [\n -111.4130401611328,\n 38.44686689031534\n ],\n [\n -111.4236831665039,\n 38.43933771010527\n ],\n [\n -111.4236831665039,\n 38.42508389732895\n ],\n [\n -111.35982513427734,\n 38.394953377817885\n ],\n [\n -111.35673522949219,\n 38.31122152303965\n ],\n [\n -111.3021469116211,\n 38.29101446582335\n ],\n [\n -111.30146026611328,\n 38.256784348891266\n ],\n [\n -111.2479019165039,\n 38.23925875585244\n ],\n [\n -111.24824523925781,\n 38.21282756641292\n ],\n [\n -111.21322631835938,\n 38.1969102804601\n ],\n [\n -111.21116638183592,\n 38.153457270582535\n ],\n [\n -111.18644714355469,\n 38.15264734129181\n ],\n [\n -111.18713378906249,\n 38.009418734260095\n ],\n [\n -111.1328887939453,\n 37.994809886364166\n ],\n [\n -111.13117218017578,\n 37.98155119106918\n ],\n [\n -111.11434936523438,\n 37.980468742815034\n ],\n [\n -111.11263275146484,\n 37.94690492842903\n ],\n [\n -111.09512329101562,\n 37.945551227061344\n ],\n [\n -111.09512329101562,\n 37.903032319353656\n ],\n [\n -111.0783004760742,\n 37.90276141949591\n ],\n [\n -111.07658386230469,\n 37.809512710254495\n ],\n [\n -110.97358703613281,\n 37.712886991027666\n ],\n [\n -110.97221374511719,\n 37.671592624670716\n ],\n [\n -110.93753814697264,\n 37.6718643732763\n ],\n [\n -110.8901596069336,\n 37.600360211806034\n ],\n [\n -110.86406707763672,\n 37.598184102020234\n ],\n [\n -110.86681365966797,\n 37.61667900634856\n ],\n [\n -110.89496612548828,\n 37.64685933620959\n ],\n [\n -110.91178894042969,\n 37.66017828465383\n ],\n [\n -110.93513488769531,\n 37.72999567755064\n ],\n [\n -110.9564208984375,\n 37.7688150141044\n ],\n [\n -110.96122741699217,\n 37.81385247479046\n ],\n [\n -110.96946716308592,\n 37.8230736274583\n ],\n [\n -110.96809387207031,\n 37.84259697150785\n ],\n [\n -111.00379943847656,\n 37.86292829402713\n ],\n [\n -111.02645874023438,\n 37.90601215197221\n ],\n [\n -111.02474212646484,\n 37.931200459333716\n ],\n [\n -111.03229522705078,\n 37.934179150985045\n ],\n [\n -111.04740142822264,\n 37.960169881965356\n ],\n [\n -111.04259490966797,\n 37.96152331396616\n ],\n [\n -111.04225158691406,\n 37.986151418022466\n ],\n [\n -111.0604476928711,\n 37.98723378245136\n ],\n [\n -111.0618209838867,\n 38.030244835004126\n ],\n [\n -111.11434936523438,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -111.11572265625,\n 38.08836429508081\n ],\n [\n -111.09752655029297,\n 38.09782123329514\n ],\n [\n -111.09752655029297,\n 38.11808198029142\n ],\n [\n -111.11469268798828,\n 38.126454780954944\n ],\n [\n -111.1208724975586,\n 38.19178363397935\n ],\n [\n -111.1380386352539,\n 38.19286295796692\n ],\n [\n -111.14009857177733,\n 38.28535548122147\n ],\n [\n -111.12293243408203,\n 38.28589445114553\n ],\n [\n -111.12224578857422,\n 38.32468976737416\n ],\n [\n -111.15692138671875,\n 38.3395019462746\n ],\n [\n -111.15863800048828,\n 38.381498197198816\n ],\n [\n -111.19503021240233,\n 38.39791318159542\n ],\n [\n -111.19468688964842,\n 38.42669767774884\n ],\n [\n -111.17683410644531,\n 38.425621828142184\n ],\n [\n -111.17683410644531,\n 38.45331984821861\n ],\n [\n -111.19434356689452,\n 38.4546641418137\n ],\n [\n -111.19571685791016,\n 38.468912113972934\n ],\n [\n -111.24893188476561,\n 38.4694497181918\n ],\n [\n -111.25064849853516,\n 38.511907784723476\n ],\n [\n -111.29253387451172,\n 38.51217642698598\n ],\n [\n -111.30729675292969,\n 38.53447024037883\n ],\n [\n -111.34231567382812,\n 38.53447024037883\n ],\n [\n -111.34162902832031,\n 38.526950207746296\n ],\n [\n -111.39862060546875,\n 38.52614444334863\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557168b9e4b077dba762289f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Deborah J.","contributorId":141063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13667,"text":"National Park Service, Capitol Reef National Park, HC 70, Box 15, Fruita, Utah 84775, E-mail: tomoclark3998@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Thomas O.","contributorId":141064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":13668,"text":"Retired, National Park Service, P.O. Box 186, Bluff, Utah 84512","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flagg, Cody B. cflagg@usgs.gov","contributorId":4573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flagg","given":"Cody","email":"cflagg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70136054,"text":"70136054 - 2015 - Accounting for groundwater in stream fish thermal habitat responses to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T16:18:39","indexId":"70136054","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-04T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accounting for groundwater in stream fish thermal habitat responses to climate change","docAbstract":"

Forecasting climate change effects on aquatic fauna and their habitat requires an understanding of how water temperature responds to changing air temperature (i.e., thermal sensitivity). Previous efforts to forecast climate effects on brook trout habitat have generally assumed uniform air-water temperature relationships over large areas that cannot account for groundwater inputs and other processes that operate at finer spatial scales. We developed regression models that accounted for groundwater influences on thermal sensitivity from measured air-water temperature relationships within forested watersheds in eastern North America (Shenandoah National Park, USA, 78 sites in 9 watersheds). We used these reach-scale models to forecast climate change effects on stream temperature and brook trout thermal habitat, and compared our results to previous forecasts based upon large-scale models. Observed stream temperatures were generally less sensitive to air temperature than previously assumed, and we attribute this to the moderating effect of shallow groundwater inputs. Predicted groundwater temperatures from air-water regression models corresponded well to observed groundwater temperatures elsewhere in the study area. Predictions of brook trout future habitat loss derived from our fine-grained models were far less pessimistic than those from prior models developed at coarser spatial resolutions. However, our models also revealed spatial variation in thermal sensitivity within and among catchments resulting in a patchy distribution of thermally suitable habitat. Habitat fragmentation due to thermal barriers therefore may have an increasingly important role for trout population viability in headwater streams. Our results demonstrate that simple adjustments to air-water temperature regression models can provide a powerful and cost-effective approach for predicting future stream temperatures while accounting for effects of groundwater.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/14-1354.1","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C.D., Hitt, N.P., and Young, J.A., 2015, Accounting for groundwater in stream fish thermal habitat responses to climate change: Ecological Applications, v. 25, no. 5, p. 1397-1419, https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1354.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1397","endPage":"1419","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057560","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.80870819091797,\n 38.251392308809365\n ],\n [\n -78.81111145019531,\n 38.233595738054944\n ],\n [\n -78.78501892089844,\n 38.23062921938795\n ],\n [\n -78.8052749633789,\n 38.19825933797085\n ],\n [\n -78.81214141845703,\n 38.156966860239386\n ],\n [\n -78.79394531249999,\n 38.15426719087882\n ],\n [\n -78.83102416992188,\n 38.1048455952719\n ],\n [\n -78.77952575683594,\n 38.09349821336742\n ],\n [\n -78.75686645507812,\n 38.11078875872392\n ],\n [\n -78.76716613769531,\n 38.11997269662426\n ],\n [\n -78.74931335449219,\n 38.142117442049745\n ],\n [\n -78.74313354492188,\n 38.138337107478435\n ],\n [\n -78.73283386230469,\n 38.18422791820727\n ],\n [\n -78.74313354492188,\n 38.18854556604565\n ],\n [\n -78.71910095214844,\n 38.224695819045735\n ],\n [\n -78.71292114257812,\n 38.197719717965825\n ],\n [\n -78.70193481445312,\n 38.202576154044515\n ],\n [\n -78.68202209472656,\n 38.23332605953999\n ],\n [\n -78.63807678222656,\n 38.24519096811476\n ],\n [\n -78.62777709960938,\n 38.26621945628273\n ],\n [\n -78.651123046875,\n 38.273227599946274\n ],\n [\n -78.64974975585938,\n 38.27700093565902\n ],\n [\n -78.6298370361328,\n 38.279157039458354\n ],\n [\n -78.59138488769531,\n 38.30771936971291\n ],\n [\n -78.59275817871094,\n 38.315801006824984\n ],\n [\n -78.5357666015625,\n 38.334923959718616\n ],\n [\n -78.5137939453125,\n 38.33034568390225\n ],\n [\n -78.47843170166016,\n 38.36077232335875\n ],\n [\n -78.48735809326172,\n 38.36723297274062\n ],\n [\n -78.5031509399414,\n 38.35808021592508\n ],\n [\n -78.50109100341797,\n 38.39710597440028\n ],\n [\n -78.49079132080078,\n 38.3868805698475\n ],\n [\n -78.44581604003906,\n 38.40894410995628\n ],\n [\n -78.43791961669922,\n 38.42131826945341\n ],\n [\n -78.43379974365234,\n 38.42965618153018\n ],\n [\n -78.46229553222656,\n 38.4291182807668\n ],\n [\n -78.43517303466795,\n 38.44148898459381\n ],\n [\n -78.44409942626953,\n 38.46514877221809\n ],\n [\n -78.42933654785156,\n 38.47133130139452\n ],\n [\n -78.4145736694336,\n 38.44848018389061\n ],\n [\n -78.39740753173828,\n 38.4514377951069\n ],\n [\n -78.37474822998047,\n 38.437724212164966\n ],\n [\n -78.36685180664062,\n 38.438530965643004\n ],\n [\n -78.365478515625,\n 38.44444688232968\n ],\n [\n -78.35723876953124,\n 38.44740465884772\n ],\n [\n -78.36685180664062,\n 38.476438208301104\n ],\n [\n -78.38779449462889,\n 38.479932199335856\n ],\n [\n -78.38539123535156,\n 38.46380467399753\n ],\n [\n -78.409423828125,\n 38.46595521912682\n ],\n [\n -78.4200668334961,\n 38.479125908743605\n ],\n [\n -78.40393066406249,\n 38.489606982959856\n ],\n [\n -78.40667724609375,\n 38.5086839993909\n ],\n [\n -78.37200164794922,\n 38.507340712903456\n ],\n [\n -78.35552215576172,\n 38.51540005595224\n ],\n [\n -78.36067199707031,\n 38.53661867676894\n ],\n [\n -78.34522247314453,\n 38.55004495047176\n ],\n [\n -78.33732604980469,\n 38.54252654599825\n ],\n [\n -78.3431625366211,\n 38.51325098601251\n ],\n [\n -78.31912994384766,\n 38.508146687802885\n ],\n [\n -78.29578399658203,\n 38.52211548602912\n ],\n [\n -78.28205108642578,\n 38.55568323796419\n ],\n [\n -78.30093383789062,\n 38.567495358827344\n ],\n [\n -78.29681396484375,\n 38.579842318490066\n ],\n [\n -78.2717514038086,\n 38.5959438592568\n ],\n [\n -78.25183868408203,\n 38.64798079297792\n ],\n [\n -78.2720947265625,\n 38.65146645405386\n ],\n [\n -78.26179504394531,\n 38.66808804298284\n ],\n [\n -78.24531555175781,\n 38.666479670714054\n ],\n [\n -78.24737548828125,\n 38.67398509885878\n ],\n [\n -78.26248168945312,\n 38.67210881558816\n ],\n [\n -78.27278137207031,\n 38.69864025100617\n ],\n [\n -78.25115203857422,\n 38.7034630913803\n ],\n [\n -78.24359893798828,\n 38.71230412063499\n ],\n [\n -78.25939178466797,\n 38.7267689011302\n ],\n [\n -78.25698852539062,\n 38.747925064388085\n ],\n [\n -78.23432922363281,\n 38.75568967835281\n ],\n [\n -78.22334289550781,\n 38.749799358878526\n ],\n [\n -78.20205688476562,\n 38.753012320665185\n ],\n [\n -78.20274353027344,\n 38.758634655815186\n ],\n [\n -78.18592071533203,\n 38.75890237501329\n ],\n [\n -78.1790542602539,\n 38.74364077792108\n ],\n [\n -78.15811157226562,\n 38.749799358878526\n ],\n [\n -78.16429138183594,\n 38.7779078709609\n ],\n [\n -78.1728744506836,\n 38.78700730147768\n ],\n [\n -78.16532135009766,\n 38.79583799119041\n ],\n [\n -78.15845489501953,\n 38.79637314934652\n ],\n [\n -78.15673828125,\n 38.814833644874206\n ],\n [\n -78.15467834472655,\n 38.84986866947367\n ],\n [\n -78.19862365722656,\n 38.84986866947367\n ],\n [\n -78.1948471069336,\n 38.878472267131286\n ],\n [\n -78.17974090576172,\n 38.87873953619587\n ],\n [\n -78.17253112792969,\n 38.887826086271176\n ],\n [\n -78.19999694824219,\n 38.90920161982435\n ],\n [\n -78.21510314941406,\n 38.882481197550774\n ],\n [\n -78.20892333984374,\n 38.87072102699573\n ],\n [\n -78.21235656738281,\n 38.83649855755879\n ],\n [\n -78.19313049316405,\n 38.80573776659133\n ],\n [\n -78.19622039794922,\n 38.79583799119041\n ],\n [\n -78.23020935058594,\n 38.78085193143006\n ],\n [\n -78.2666015625,\n 38.77389304718155\n ],\n [\n -78.27003479003906,\n 38.80654039080489\n ],\n [\n -78.32084655761719,\n 38.818578668934315\n ],\n [\n -78.35758209228516,\n 38.77523134688544\n ],\n [\n -78.32771301269531,\n 38.768807279301804\n ],\n [\n -78.32771301269531,\n 38.75756376897982\n ],\n [\n -78.34659576416016,\n 38.755154214849426\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 38.71283990545274\n ],\n [\n -78.39775085449219,\n 38.69220929124511\n ],\n [\n -78.38642120361328,\n 38.6839017791681\n ],\n [\n -78.3658218383789,\n 38.6833657775237\n ],\n [\n -78.34693908691406,\n 38.69783641265611\n ],\n [\n -78.32771301269531,\n 38.6943530087422\n ],\n [\n -78.34796905517578,\n 38.67264490154078\n ],\n [\n -78.33904266357422,\n 38.66728386136457\n ],\n [\n -78.35620880126953,\n 38.662458581979436\n ],\n [\n -78.36101531982422,\n 38.6546838368358\n ],\n [\n -78.33389282226561,\n 38.64824892677364\n ],\n [\n -78.3486557006836,\n 38.631622734027125\n ],\n [\n -78.36341857910156,\n 38.633768265944475\n ],\n [\n -78.37440490722656,\n 38.628136107710986\n ],\n [\n -78.3713150024414,\n 38.616602212746756\n ],\n [\n -78.3932876586914,\n 38.61499268458211\n ],\n [\n -78.40290069580078,\n 38.608017645221764\n ],\n [\n -78.40839385986328,\n 38.566153170134534\n ],\n [\n -78.42453002929688,\n 38.561321083266414\n ],\n [\n -78.44341278076172,\n 38.54440622080908\n ],\n [\n -78.45474243164062,\n 38.524264291334674\n ],\n [\n -78.47328186035156,\n 38.51835492237096\n ],\n [\n -78.47122192382812,\n 38.51244506824615\n ],\n [\n -78.46057891845703,\n 38.51325098601251\n ],\n [\n -78.46607208251952,\n 38.49525000695009\n ],\n [\n -78.4811782836914,\n 38.50223599572679\n ],\n [\n -78.57833862304688,\n 38.53044174921208\n ],\n [\n -78.55018615722656,\n 38.47294404791815\n ],\n [\n -78.52821350097655,\n 38.49605611715522\n ],\n [\n -78.5079574584961,\n 38.49498130154396\n ],\n [\n -78.4815216064453,\n 38.47966343680719\n ],\n [\n -78.49353790283203,\n 38.478050840591465\n ],\n [\n -78.5024642944336,\n 38.46407349564558\n ],\n [\n -78.48529815673828,\n 38.4632670276956\n ],\n [\n -78.48255157470703,\n 38.45278212376745\n ],\n [\n -78.49697113037108,\n 38.44821130413263\n ],\n [\n -78.50177764892578,\n 38.4154004575845\n ],\n [\n -78.51242065429688,\n 38.41486245064945\n ],\n [\n -78.52855682373045,\n 38.435841752321856\n ],\n [\n -78.55636596679688,\n 38.41835942411498\n ],\n [\n -78.5409164428711,\n 38.40840605494758\n ],\n [\n -78.52718353271484,\n 38.41351741578459\n ],\n [\n -78.5247802734375,\n 38.4049085997449\n ],\n [\n -78.53885650634766,\n 38.39737504446673\n ],\n [\n -78.52890014648436,\n 38.382574703770246\n ],\n [\n -78.5464096069336,\n 38.3793451359944\n ],\n [\n -78.57112884521484,\n 38.37773029803778\n ],\n [\n -78.58623504638672,\n 38.361041528596026\n ],\n [\n -78.56151580810547,\n 38.344887442462806\n ],\n [\n -78.6020278930664,\n 38.335462561385995\n ],\n [\n -78.61507415771484,\n 38.31957212925229\n ],\n [\n -78.63395690917969,\n 38.3176865925572\n ],\n [\n -78.63361358642578,\n 38.34165619279593\n ],\n [\n -78.59344482421875,\n 38.366156237889534\n ],\n [\n -78.59962463378906,\n 38.39414613757638\n ],\n [\n -78.63533020019531,\n 38.36992473978626\n ],\n [\n -78.6404800415039,\n 38.35377263580493\n ],\n [\n -78.66004943847656,\n 38.350003292977526\n ],\n [\n -78.69438171386719,\n 38.31957212925229\n ],\n [\n -78.7118911743164,\n 38.31903340948611\n ],\n [\n -78.73077392578124,\n 38.31095213263407\n ],\n [\n -78.76888275146484,\n 38.26055853889009\n ],\n [\n -78.80870819091797,\n 38.251392308809365\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557168b3e4b077dba762289b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Craig D. 0000-0002-3448-597X csnyder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-597X","contributorId":2568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Craig","email":"csnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568 nhitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":4435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nhitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141799,"text":"ds69AA - 2015 - Assessment of unconvential (tight) gas resources in Upper Cook Inlet Basin, South-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-04T09:31:10","indexId":"ds69AA","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-04T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"AA","title":"Assessment of unconvential (tight) gas resources in Upper Cook Inlet Basin, South-central Alaska","docAbstract":"

A geologic model was developed for the assessment of potential Mesozoic tight-gas resources in the deep, central part of upper Cook Inlet Basin, south-central Alaska. The basic premise of the geologic model is that organic-bearing marine shales of the Middle Jurassic Tuxedni Group achieved adequate thermal maturity for oil and gas generation in the central part of the basin largely due to several kilometers of Paleogene and Neogene burial. In this model, hydrocarbons generated in Tuxedni source rocks resulted in overpressure, causing fracturing and local migration of oil and possibly gas into low-permeability sandstone and siltstone reservoirs in the Jurassic Tuxedni Group and Chinitna and Naknek Formations. Oil that was generated either remained in the source rock and subsequently was cracked to gas which then migrated into low-permeability reservoirs, or oil initially migrated into adjacent low-permeability reservoirs, where it subsequently cracked to gas as adequate thermal maturation was reached in the central part of the basin. Geologic uncertainty exists on the (1) presence of adequate marine source rocks, (2) degree and timing of thermal maturation, generation, and expulsion, (3) migration of hydrocarbons into low-permeability reservoirs, and (4) preservation of this petroleum system. Given these uncertainties and using known U.S. tight gas reservoirs as geologic and production analogs, a mean volume of 0.64 trillion cubic feet of gas was assessed in the basin-center tight-gas system that is postulated to exist in Mesozoic rocks of the upper Cook Inlet Basin. This assessment of Mesozoic basin-center tight gas does not include potential gas accumulations in Cenozoic low-permeability reservoirs.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69AA","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Nelson, P.H., Klett, T., Le, P., and Anderson, C.P., 2015, Assessment of unconvential (tight) gas resources in Upper Cook Inlet Basin, South-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, 3 Chapters: variously paged; Upper Cook Inlet Basin Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69AA.","productDescription":"3 Chapters: variously paged; Upper Cook Inlet Basin Database","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049080","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds69AA.jpg"},{"id":301033,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-aa/REPORTS/DDS-69-AA-Chapter1.pdf","text":"Chapter 1","size":"15.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Chapter 1","linkHelpText":"Geologic Model and Assessment of Potential Unconventional (Tight) Gas Resources in Upper Cook Inlet Basin, South-Central Alaska"},{"id":301031,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-aa/"},{"id":301034,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-aa/REPORTS/DDS-69-AA-Chapter2.pdf","text":"Chapter 2","size":"312 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Chapter 2","linkHelpText":"Tabular Data and Graphical Images in Support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Oil and Gas Assessment—Southern Alaska Province (5003), Cook Inlet"},{"id":301035,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-aa/REPORTS/DDS-69-AA-Chapter3.pdf","text":"Chapter 3","size":"336 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Chapter 3","linkHelpText":"The GIS Project for the Assessment of Unconventional (Tight) Gas Resources in Upper Cook Inlet Basin, South-Central Alaska"},{"id":301036,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://energy.usgs.gov/OilGas/AssessmentsData/NationalOilGasAssessment/USBasinSummaries.aspx?provcode=5003","text":"Upper Cook Inlet Basin Database","description":"Upper Cook Inlet Basin Database","linkHelpText":"GIS/Data/Metadata"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.017333984375,\n 58.59688654973872\n ],\n [\n -154.017333984375,\n 62.865168668923125\n ],\n [\n -147.952880859375,\n 62.865168668923125\n ],\n [\n -147.952880859375,\n 58.59688654973872\n ],\n [\n -154.017333984375,\n 58.59688654973872\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557168b7e4b077dba762289d","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548202,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Le, Phuong A. 0000-0003-2477-509X ple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-509X","contributorId":2151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Phuong A.","email":"ple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Christopher P.","contributorId":140859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188816,"text":"70188816 - 2015 - SHRIMP U–Pb and REE data pertaining to the origins of xenotime in Belt Supergroup rocks: evidence for ages of deposition, hydrothermal alteration, and metamorphism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T11:01:16","indexId":"70188816","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SHRIMP U–Pb and REE data pertaining to the origins of xenotime in Belt Supergroup rocks: evidence for ages of deposition, hydrothermal alteration, and metamorphism","docAbstract":"

The Belt–Purcell Supergroup, northern Idaho, western Montana, and southern British Columbia, is a thick succession of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks with an age range of about 1470–1400 Ma. Stratigraphic layers within several sedimentary units were sampled to apply the new technique of U–Pb dating of xenotime that sometimes forms as rims on detrital zircon during burial diagenesis; xenotime also can form epitaxial overgrowths on zircon during hydrothermal and metamorphic events. Belt Supergroup units sampled are the Prichard and Revett Formations in the lower Belt, and the McNamara and Garnet Range Formations and Pilcher Quartzite in the upper Belt. Additionally, all samples that yielded xenotime were also processed for detrital zircon to provide maximum age constraints for the time of deposition and information about provenances; the sample of Prichard Formation yielded monazite that was also analyzed. Ten xenotime overgrowths from the Prichard Formation yielded a U–Pb age of 1458 ± 4 Ma. However, because scanning electron microscope – backscattered electrons (SEM–BSE) imagery suggests complications due to possible analysis of multiple age zones, we prefer a slightly older age of 1462 ± 6 Ma derived from the three oldest samples, within error of a previous U–Pb zircon age on the syn-sedimentary Plains sill. We interpret the Prichard xenotime as diagenetic in origin. Monazite from the Prichard Formation, originally thought to be detrital, yielded Cretaceous metamorphic ages. Xenotime from the McNamara and Garnet Range Formations and Pilcher Quartzite formed at about 1160– 1050 Ma, several hundred million years after deposition, and probably also experienced Early Cretaceous growth. These xenotime overgrowths are interpreted as metamorphic–diagenetic in origin (i.e., derived during greenschist facies metamorphism elsewhere in the basin, but deposited in sub-greenschist facies rocks). Several xenotime grains are older detrital grains of igneous derivation. A previous study on the Revett Formation at the Spar Lake Ag–Cu deposit provides data for xenotime overgrowths in several ore zones formed by hydrothermal processes; herein, those results are compared with data from newly analyzed diagenetic, metamorphic, and magmatic xenotime overgrowths. The origin of a xenotime overgrowth is reflected in its rareearth element (REE) pattern. Detrital (i.e., igneous) xenotime has a large negative Eu anomaly and is heavy rare-earth element (HREE)-enriched (similar to REE in igneous zircon). Diagenetic xenotime has a small negative Eu anomaly and flat HREE (Tb to Lu). Hydrothermal xenotime is depleted in light rare-earth element (LREE), has a small negative Eu anomaly, and decreasing HREE. Metamorphic xenotime is very LREE-depleted, has a very small negative Eu anomaly, and is strongly depleted in HREE (from Gd to Lu). Because these characteristics seem to be process related, they may be useful for interpretation of xenotime of unknown origin. The occurrence of 1.16–1.05 Ga metamorphic xenotime, in the apparent absence of pervasive deformation structures, suggests that the heating may be related to poorly understood regional heating due to broad regional underplating of mafic magma. These results may be additional evidence (together with published ages from metamorphic titanite, zircon, monazite, and garnet) for an enigmatic, Grenville-age metamorphic event that is more widely recognized in the southwestern and eastern United States

","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjes-2014-0239","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Lund, K., and Fanning, C.M., 2015, SHRIMP U–Pb and REE data pertaining to the origins of xenotime in Belt Supergroup rocks: evidence for ages of deposition, hydrothermal alteration, and metamorphism: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 52, no. 9, p. 722-745, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0239.","productDescription":"24 p. ","startPage":"722","endPage":"745","ipdsId":"IP-056309","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjes-2014-0239","text":"External Repository"},{"id":342886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alberta, British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.75390625,\n 44.008620115415354\n ],\n [\n -107.5341796875,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 46.93526088057719\n ],\n [\n -113.4228515625,\n 49.05227025601607\n ],\n [\n -113.84033203125,\n 50.52739681329302\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 51.57706953722565\n ],\n [\n -117.6416015625,\n 53.44880683542759\n ],\n [\n -121.59667968749999,\n 52.77618568896171\n ],\n [\n -120.58593749999999,\n 51.08282186160978\n ],\n [\n -119.68505859375,\n 49.36806633482156\n ],\n [\n -119.3115234375,\n 47.916342040161155\n ],\n [\n -118.7841796875,\n 45.90529985724799\n ],\n [\n -118.037109375,\n 44.29240108529005\n ],\n [\n -107.75390625,\n 44.008620115415354\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59521d22e4b062508e3c3698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fanning, C. Mark","contributorId":193462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fanning","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141611,"text":"cir1410 - 2015 - The U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Collections Management System (GCMS)—A master catalog and collections management plan for U.S. Geological Survey geologic samples and sample collections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T12:26:21.94595","indexId":"cir1410","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1410","title":"The U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Collections Management System (GCMS)—A master catalog and collections management plan for U.S. Geological Survey geologic samples and sample collections","docAbstract":"

 

**Updated guidance is available in USGS Instructional Memorandum CSS 2019-01.**

Abstract

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is widely recognized in the earth science community as possessing extensive collections of earth materials collected by research personnel over the course of its history. In 2006, a Geologic Collections Inventory was conducted within the USGS Geology Discipline to determine the extent and nature of its sample collections, and in 2008, a working group was convened by the USGS National Geologic and Geophysical Data Preservation Program to examine ways in which these collections could be coordinated, cataloged, and made available to researchers both inside and outside the USGS. The charge to this working group was to evaluate the proposition of creating a Geologic Collections Management System (GCMS), a centralized database that would (1) identify all existing USGS geologic collections, regardless of size, (2) create a virtual link among the collections, and (3) provide a way for scientists and other researchers to obtain access to the samples and data in which they are interested. Additionally, the group was instructed to develop criteria for evaluating current collections and to establish an operating plan and set of standard practices for handling, identifying, and managing future sample collections. Policies and procedures promoted by the GCMS would be based on extant best practices established by the National Science Foundation and the Smithsonian Institution. The resulting report—USGS Circular 1410, “The U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Collections Management System (GCMS): A Master Catalog and Collections Management Plan for U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Samples and Sample Collections”—has been developed for sample repositories to be a guide to establishing common practices in the collection, retention, and disposal of geologic research materials throughout the USGS.

While constructing this report, the GCMS’s potential customers and their needs were considered. Two critical definitions have been clarified: a repository is a facility for the long-term management of geologic collections, and a collection is a set of specimens that have been brought together on the basis of some common characteristic. Required sample metadata for newly collected samples, as well as for older collections, were also stipulated and are listed and explained in this report. Several basic policies are also recommended by the GCMS in order to standardize operations among the physical repositories where collections are currently housed. The GCMS Collection Management Plan provides a set of protocols and templates for the management of scientific collections, including access, storage, transfer, and disposal of physical geologic samples and data. This plan is flexible to allow each repository to adapt the practices best suited to its collections.

The general consideration for implementation of the GCMS is that all active USGS geologic sample repositories will form the core of GCMS and that participating science centers will develop procedures based on proposed GCMS methodologies. The GCMS is a collective resource for the entire USGS community and the users who discover the geologic materials kept in these repositories and seek to access them.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1410","usgsCitation":"Geologic Materials Repository Working Group, 2015, The U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Collections Management System (GCMS)—A master catalog and collections management plan for U.S. Geological Survey geologic samples and sample collections: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1410, Report: xvi, 108 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1410.","productDescription":"Report: xvi, 108 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045796","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5060,"text":"Data Preservation Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407378,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/survey-manual/im-css-2019-01","text":"Survey Manual Instructional Memorandum CSS 2019-01","description":"Survey Manual Instructional Memorandum CSS 2019-01"},{"id":301025,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1410/"},{"id":301028,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1410/downloads/GCMSAppendix4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","size":"11.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 4","linkHelpText":"GCMS Handbook for Collection Repositories"},{"id":301027,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1410/downloads/GCMSAppendix3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"11.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 3","linkHelpText":"GCMS Policy Manual"},{"id":301026,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1410/pdf/circ1410.pdf","text":"Report","size":"23.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1410.jpg"},{"id":301029,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1410/downloads/Forms/","text":"Appendix 5","size":"7.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 5","linkHelpText":"Forms for the Long-term Management and Preservation of USGS Geological Materials"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570171de4b0d9246a9fd153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geologic Materials Repository Working Group","contributorId":141061,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Geologic Materials Repository Working Group","id":548192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70147914,"text":"sir20155056 - 2015 - Flood recovery maps for the White River in Bethel, Stockbridge, and Rochester, Vermont, and the Tweed River in Stockbridge and Pittsfield, Vermont, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T14:00:29","indexId":"sir20155056","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5056","title":"Flood recovery maps for the White River in Bethel, Stockbridge, and Rochester, Vermont, and the Tweed River in Stockbridge and Pittsfield, Vermont, 2014","docAbstract":"

From August 28 to 29, 2011, Tropical Storm Irene delivered rainfall ranging from about 4 inches to more than 7 inches in the White River Basin. The rainfall resulted in severe flooding throughout the basin and significant damage along the White River and Tweed River. In response to the flooding, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, conducted a new flood study to aid in the flood recovery and restoration. This flood study includes a 20.7-mile reach of the White River from the downstream end at about 2,000 feet downstream from the State Route 107 bridge in the Village of Bethel, Vermont, to the upstream end at about 1,000 feet upstream from the River Brook Drive bridge in the Village of Rochester, Vt., and a 7.9-mile reach of the Tweed River from its mouth in Stockbridge, Vt., to the confluence of the West and South Branches of the Tweed River and continuing upstream on the South Branch Tweed River to the Pittsfield, Vt., town line.

\n

This report presents water-surface elevations determined for the study reaches using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers one-dimensional step-backwater Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System model, also known as HEC– RAS. The water-surface elevations were determined for floods having a 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) and for the floodway.

\n

Eighteen high-water marks from Tropical Storm Irene were available along the studied reaches. The discharges in the Tropical Storm Irene HEC–RAS model were adjusted so that the resulting water-surface elevations matched the high-water mark elevations along the study reaches. This allowed for an estimation of the water-surface profile throughout the study area resulting from Tropical Storm Irene. From a comparison of the estimated water-surface profile of Tropical Storm Irene to the water-surface profiles of the 1- and 0.2-percent AEP floods, it was determined that the high-water elevations resulting from Tropical Storm Irene exceeded the estimated 1-percent AEP flood throughout the White River and Tweed River study reaches and exceeded the estimated 0.2-percent AEP flood in 16.7 of the 28.6 study reach miles. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data having a 18.2-centimeter vertical accuracy at the 95-percent confidence level and 1-meter horizontal resolution to delineate the area flooded for each water-surface profile.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Olson, S.A., 2015, Flood recovery maps for the White River in Bethel, Stockbridge, and Rochester, Vermont, and the Tweed River in Stockbridge and Pittsfield, Vermont, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5056, Report: vi, 32 p.; Readme; Map file and datasets; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155056.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 32 p.; Readme; Map file and datasets; Metadata","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057993","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155056.jpg"},{"id":301018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5056/"},{"id":301019,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5056/pdf/sir2015-5056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301020,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5056/attachments/sir2015-5056_readme.txt","text":"Readme","size":"1.09 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Readme"},{"id":301021,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5056/attachments/sir2015-5056_map.zip","text":"Map file and datasets","size":"2.11 GB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Map file and datasets","linkHelpText":"Contains the published map file and the map dataset. For use with ArcReader, which is free and available at http://www.esri.com/software/argis/arcreader"},{"id":301022,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5056/attachments/sir2015-5056_metadata.zip","text":"Metadata","size":"162 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Metadata","linkHelpText":"The metadata for the map contents"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Bethel, Pittsfield, Rochester, Stockbridge","otherGeospatial":"Tweed River, White River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.8122329711914,\n 43.88205730390537\n ],\n [\n -72.80502319335938,\n 43.88279966767229\n ],\n [\n -72.80261993408203,\n 43.877355451898595\n ],\n [\n -72.806396484375,\n 43.87017822557581\n ],\n [\n -72.80296325683594,\n 43.86151490472453\n ],\n [\n -72.79747009277344,\n 43.84938414031938\n ],\n [\n -72.78820037841797,\n 43.83650797709095\n ],\n [\n -72.7840805053711,\n 43.81991343882605\n ],\n [\n -72.77961730957031,\n 43.806287608590075\n ],\n [\n -72.76485443115234,\n 43.79984522482957\n ],\n [\n -72.74253845214844,\n 43.7715896488274\n ],\n [\n -72.73017883300781,\n 43.761672246385025\n ],\n [\n -72.71781921386719,\n 43.7715896488274\n ],\n [\n -72.70511627197266,\n 43.78398408962279\n ],\n [\n -72.68383026123047,\n 43.79612814894592\n ],\n [\n -72.66975402832031,\n 43.79959742696462\n ],\n [\n -72.67284393310547,\n 43.80901302334783\n ],\n [\n -72.65876770019531,\n 43.81718852149039\n ],\n [\n -72.64572143554688,\n 43.81842713569542\n ],\n [\n -72.63988494873047,\n 43.82536290042666\n ],\n [\n -72.63988494873047,\n 43.83180253191123\n ],\n [\n -72.62889862060547,\n 43.83205019617054\n ],\n [\n -72.62306213378906,\n 43.82734439949711\n ],\n [\n -72.62237548828125,\n 43.82164741238288\n ],\n [\n -72.62992858886719,\n 43.81966572420698\n ],\n [\n -72.63404846191406,\n 43.81099506506452\n ],\n [\n -72.65464782714844,\n 43.808269740746574\n ],\n [\n -72.66082763671875,\n 43.8033142870288\n ],\n [\n -72.65808105468749,\n 43.79191518340848\n ],\n [\n -72.66735076904297,\n 43.78943682964683\n ],\n [\n -72.67387390136719,\n 43.78993250862075\n ],\n [\n -72.69893646240234,\n 43.773325025204\n ],\n [\n -72.72056579589842,\n 43.755968995444164\n ],\n [\n -72.7408218383789,\n 43.75646495188919\n ],\n [\n -72.7573013305664,\n 43.77134173380578\n ],\n [\n -72.76966094970703,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -72.79163360595703,\n 43.774812450590474\n ],\n [\n -72.806396484375,\n 43.77233338772627\n ],\n [\n -72.81017303466797,\n 43.76315996157264\n ],\n [\n -72.81566619873047,\n 43.74530493763506\n ],\n [\n -72.81669616699219,\n 43.72769268338755\n ],\n [\n -72.8177261352539,\n 43.725707879311514\n ],\n [\n -72.83042907714844,\n 43.725707879311514\n ],\n [\n -72.82527923583984,\n 43.763903805293104\n ],\n [\n -72.81909942626953,\n 43.776547733448844\n ],\n [\n -72.80158996582031,\n 43.782496892381175\n ],\n [\n -72.78579711914062,\n 43.78398408962279\n ],\n [\n -72.77069091796875,\n 43.78076178217298\n ],\n [\n -72.7621078491211,\n 43.77877873741692\n ],\n [\n -72.77824401855469,\n 43.79612814894592\n ],\n [\n -72.7950668334961,\n 43.80504874259129\n ],\n [\n -72.79884338378906,\n 43.82164741238288\n ],\n [\n -72.80570983886717,\n 43.83848910616803\n ],\n [\n -72.81257629394531,\n 43.85557361417025\n ],\n [\n -72.81669616699219,\n 43.862257524417934\n ],\n [\n -72.8122329711914,\n 43.88205730390537\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570171ae4b0d9246a9fd14b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148369,"text":"70148369 - 2015 - Turbidity alters pre-mating social interactions between native and invasive stream fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-17T15:17:46","indexId":"70148369","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turbidity alters pre-mating social interactions between native and invasive stream fishes","docAbstract":"
    \n
  1. Environmental degradation can result in the loss of aquatic biodiversity if impairment promotes hybridisation between non-native and native species. Although aquatic biological invasions involving hybridisation have been attributed to elevated water turbidity, the extent to which impaired clarity influences reproductive isolation among non-native and native species is poorly understood.
    2. \n
  2. We examined whether turbidity influences intraspecific and interspecific pre-mating social interactions between invasive red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) and native blacktail shiner (Cyprinella venusta) from the Upper Coosa River Basin (U.S.A.).
    3. \n
  3. We found that the number or duration of conspecific and heterospecific interactions increased under turbid conditions. Additionally, we found evidence indicating that native blacktail shiner females are especially likely to interact with invasive red shiner males due to species- and sex-specific responses to turbid conditions.
    4. \n
  4. These findings suggest that elevated turbidity can increase pre-mating social interactions between native and invasive species, which could result in greater hybridisation and promote the genetic assimilation of native species following species introductions. Thus, integrating knowledge of species behaviour into conservation and management planning can help deter the establishment and spread of invasive species.
    5. \n
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.12610","usgsCitation":"Glotzbecker, G., Ward, J.L., Walters, D.M., and Blum, M.J., 2015, Turbidity alters pre-mating social interactions between native and invasive stream fishes: Freshwater Biology, v. 60, no. 9, p. 1784-1793, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12610.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1784","endPage":"1793","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051751","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570171ee4b0d9246a9fd155","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glotzbecker, Gregory J.","contributorId":140993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glotzbecker","given":"Gregory J.","affiliations":[{"id":13500,"text":"Tulane University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, Jessica L.","contributorId":13855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, David M. 0000-0002-4237-2158 waltersd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-2158","contributorId":140992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David","email":"waltersd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blum, Michael J.","contributorId":19057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70158917,"text":"70158917 - 2015 - Building sandbars in the Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T13:53:10","indexId":"70158917","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Building sandbars in the Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"

In 1963, the U.S. Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Reclamation finished building Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River in northern Arizona, 25 kilometers upstream from Grand Canyon National Park. The dam impounded 300 kilometers of the Colorado River, creating Lake Powell, the nation’s second largest reservoir.

\n

By 1974, scientists found that the downstream river’s alluvial sandbars were eroding because the reservoir trapped the fine sediment that replenished the deposits during annual floods. These sandbars are important structures for many kinds of life in and along the river.

\n

Now, by implementing a new strategy that calls for repeated releases of large volumes of water from the dam, the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) seeks to increase the size and number of these sandbars. Three years into the \"high-flow experiment\" (HFE) protocol, the releases appear to be achieving the desired effect. Many sandbars have increased in size following each controlled flood, and the cumulative results of the first three releases suggest that sandbar declines may be reversed if controlled floods can be implemented frequently enough.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2015EO030349","usgsCitation":"Grams, P.E., Schmidt, J.C., Wright, S., Topping, D.J., Melis, T., and Rubin, D.M., 2015, Building sandbars in the Grand Canyon: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 96, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2015EO030349.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059907","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2015eo030349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":309718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56164232e4b0ba4884c6147c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":140985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70147067,"text":"ofr20151082 - 2015 - Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T10:47:23","indexId":"ofr20151082","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1082","title":"Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2013","docAbstract":"

Streamflow and concentrations of sodium and chloride estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate loads of sodium and chloride during water year (WY) 2013 (October 1, 2012, through September 30, 2013) for tributaries to the Scituate Reservoir, Rhode Island. Streamflow and water-quality data used in the study were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the Providence Water Supply Board (PWSB) in the cooperative study. Streamflow was measured or estimated by the USGS following standard methods at 23 streamgages; 14 of these streamgages are equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring water level, specific conductance, and water temperature. Water-quality samples were collected at 37 sampling stations by the PWSB and at 14 continuous-record streamgages by the USGS during WY 2013 as part of a long-term sampling program; all stations are in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Water-quality data collected by the PWSB are summarized by using values of central tendency and are used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2013.

\n

The largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the USGS) contributed a mean streamflow of 30 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) to the reservoir during WY 2013. For the same time period, annual mean1 streamflows measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.45 to about 19 ft3/s. Together, tributaries (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 1,300,000 kilograms (kg) of sodium and 2,100,000 kg of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2013; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 8,600 to 58,000 kilograms per square mile (kg/mi2) and from 14,000 to 97,000 kg/mi2, respectively.

\n

At the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the PWSB, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 18 milligrams per liter (mg/L), median nitrite concentration was 0.002 mg/L as nitrogen (N), median nitrate concentration was less than 0.01 mg/L as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.128 mg/L as phosphate, and median concentrations of total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were 330 and 15 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100mL), respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total coliform and E. coli bacteria were 100 kilograms per day (kg/d; 50 kilograms per day per square mile [kg/d/mi2]), 10 grams per day (g/d; 5.1 grams per day per square mile [g/d/mi2]), 73 g/d (28 g/d/mi2), 720 g/d (320 g/d/mi2), 21,000 colony-forming units per day (CFU×106/d; 8,700 CFU×106/d/mi2), and 1,000 CFU×106/d (510 CFU×106/d/mi2), respectively.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151082","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., 2015, Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1082, Report: v, 31 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151082.","productDescription":"Report: v, 31 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-056176","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151082.jpg"},{"id":301012,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1082/attachments/ofr2015-1082_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"32 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Water-quality data collected by the Providence Water Supply Board at 37 monitoring stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2013."},{"id":301011,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1082/pdf/ofr2015-1082.pdf","text":"Report","size":"873 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1082/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Scituate Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.78947448730469,\n 41.74160260664948\n ],\n [\n -71.78947448730469,\n 41.92782492551717\n ],\n [\n -71.5484619140625,\n 41.92782492551717\n ],\n [\n -71.5484619140625,\n 41.74160260664948\n ],\n [\n -71.78947448730469,\n 41.74160260664948\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570171de4b0d9246a9fd151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148368,"text":"70148368 - 2015 - Application of U-Th-Pb phosphate geochronology to young orogenic gold deposits: New age constraints on the formation of the Grass Valley gold district, Sierra Foothills province, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T09:44:17","indexId":"70148368","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of U-Th-Pb phosphate geochronology to young orogenic gold deposits: New age constraints on the formation of the Grass Valley gold district, Sierra Foothills province, California","docAbstract":"

The Grass Valley orogenic gold district in the Sierra Nevada foothills province, central California, the largest historic gold producer of the North American Cordillera, comprises both steeply dipping east-west (E-W) veins located along lithologic contacts in accreted ca. 300 and 200 Ma oceanic rocks and shallowly dipping north-south (N-S) veins hosted by the Grass Valley granodiorite; the latter have yielded about 70 percent of the 13 million ounces of historic lode gold production in the district. The oceanic host rocks were accreted to the western margin of North America between 200 and 170 Ma, metamorphosed to greenschist and amphibolite facies, and uplifted between 175 and 160 Ma. Large-scale magmatism in the Sierra Nevada occurred between 170-140 Ma and 120-80 Ma, with the Grass Valley granodiorite being emplaced during the older episode of magmatism. Uranium-lead isotopic dating of hydrothermal xenotime yielded the first absolute age of 162±5 Ma for the economically more significant N-S veins. The vein-hosted xenotime, as well as associated monazite, are unequivocally of hydrothermal origin as indicated by textural and chemical characteristics, including grain shape, lack of truncated growth banding, lack of a Eu anomaly, and low U and Th concentrations. Furthermore, the crack-seal texture of the veins, with abundant wallrock slivers, suggests their formation as a result of episodic fluid flow possibly related to reoccurring seismic events, rather than a period of fluid exsolution from an evolving magma. The N-S veins are temporally distinct from a younger 153-151 Ma gold event that was previously reported for the E-W veins. Overlapping U-Pb zircon (159.9±2.2 Ma) and 40Ar/39Ar biotite and hornblende (159.7±0.6 to 161.9±1.4 Ma) ages and geothermobarometric calculations indicate that the Grass Valley granodiorite was emplaced at ca. 160 Ma at elevated temperatures (~800°C) within approximately 3 km of the paleosurface and rapidly cooled to the ambient temperature of the surrounding country rocks (<300°C). The age of the granodiorite is indistinguishable from that of the N-S veins, as recorded by the U-Pb age of xenotime in those veins. Consequently, the N-S veins must have formed between 162 and 157 Ma, the maximum permissive age of magma emplacement and the youngest permissive xenotime U-Pb age, respectively, during an E- to ENE-directed compressional regime. The geochemistry of the Grass Valley granodiorite is consistent with it being the product of arc magmatism. It served as a receptive host for mineralization, but it is has no direct genetic relationship to gold mineralization. Initial uplift of the intrusive mass correlates with the initial voluminous fluid flow event and vein formation at depths of no greater than 3 km. The E-W gold-bearing veins hosted within greenschist-facies country rocks adjacent to the intrusion formed during a second hydrothermal event 5-10 million years later than the magmatism and were contemporaneous with a shift to a transtensional deformation denoted by sinistral strike-slip faulting.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.110.5.1313","collaboration":"RJ Goldfarb; T Monecke; IR Fletcher; MA Cosca; NM Kelly","usgsCitation":"Taylor, R.D., Goldfarb, R.J., Monecke, T., Fletcher, I.R., Cosca, M.A., and Kelly, N.M., 2015, Application of U-Th-Pb phosphate geochronology to young orogenic gold deposits: New age constraints on the formation of the Grass Valley gold district, Sierra Foothills province, California: Economic Geology, v. 110, no. 5, p. 1313-1337, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.5.1313.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1313","endPage":"1337","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059612","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grass Valley gold district, Sierra Nevada foothills province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.73950195312499,\n 39.00211029922512\n ],\n [\n -121.73950195312499,\n 39.83385008019448\n ],\n [\n -120.44311523437499,\n 39.83385008019448\n ],\n [\n -120.44311523437499,\n 39.00211029922512\n ],\n [\n -121.73950195312499,\n 39.00211029922512\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570171ae4b0d9246a9fd149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Ryan D. 0000-0002-8845-5290 rtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-5290","contributorId":3412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Ryan","email":"rtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monecke, Thomas","contributorId":50423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monecke","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fletcher, Ian R.","contributorId":140990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13639,"text":"Curtin University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelly, Nigel M.","contributorId":140991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Nigel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70146944,"text":"ofr20151073 - 2015 - Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series: Admiralty Inlet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T08:29:44","indexId":"ofr20151073","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1073","subseriesTitle":"Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series","title":"Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series: Admiralty Inlet","docAbstract":"

In 2010 the Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 initiated the Puget Sound Scientific Studies and Technical Investigations Assistance Program, designed to support research in support of implementing the Puget Sound Action Agenda. The Action Agenda was created in response to Puget Sound having been designated as one of 28 estuaries of national significance under section 320 of the U.S. Clean Water Act, and its overall goal is to restore the Puget Sound Estuary's environment by 2020. The Southern Salish Sea Mapping Project was funded by the Assistance Program request for proposals process, which also supports a large number of coastal-zone- and ocean-management issues. The issues include the recommendations of the Marine Protected Areas Work Group to the Washington State Legislature (Van Cleve and others, 2009), which endorses a Puget Sound and coast-wide marine conservation needs assessment, gap analysis of existing Marine Protected Areas (MPA) and recommendations for action. This publication is the first of four U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigation Maps that make up the Southern Salish Sea Mapping Project. The remaining three map blocks to be published in the future, located south of Admiralty Inlet, are shown in figure 1.

\n

Puget Sound is a deep, fjord-type estuary covering an area of 2,330 km2 in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States (fig. 1). It is connected to the ocean by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, a turbulent passage approximately 160 km in length and 22 km wide at its west end, expanding to over 40 km wide at its east end (Thomson, 1994). During the Pleistocene, the area was occupied several times by lobes of continental ice, resulting in a complex basin-fill of glacial and interglacial deposits that are locally as thick as 1100 m (Johnson and others, 2001). The last glaciation, called the Fraser glaciation, began after 28,800±740 14C yr B.P. when ice started a slow expansion (Clague, 1981). At peak advance the westward Juan de Fuca lobe reached the edge of the continental shelf through the Juan de Fuca Strait shortly before 14,460±200 14C yr B.P. (Herzer and Bornhold, 1982). The southward Puget lobe advanced to its terminal position in Puget Sound by around 14,150 14C yr B.P. (Porter and Swanson, 1998). Ice retreated from its maximum to northern Whidbey Island by 13,650±350 14C yr B.P. (Dethier and others, 1995). Retreating glaciers resulted in a thick sequence of ice-contact, glacial-marine sediment, and early post-glacial sediments (Linden and Schurrer, 1988). These deposits have experienced the effects of a marine transgression followed by regression, resulting in a sea-level several tens of meters lower than the present day (Linden and Schurrer, 1988). A second transgression brought sea level to about the present level by around 5,470±120 14C yr B.P. (Clague and others, 1982) establishing the present oceanographic and geologic environment

\n

Puget Sound is separated into four interconnected basins; Whidbey, Central (Main), Hood Canal, and South (Thomson, 1994). The Whidbey, Central, and Hood Canal basins are the three main branches of the Puget Sound estuary and are separated from the Strait of Juan de Fuca by a double sill at Admiralty Inlet. The Admiralty Inlet map area includes the Inlet and a portion of the Whidbey Basin (fig. 1). The shallower South Basin is separated by a sill at Tacoma Narrows and is highly branched with numerous finger inlets. Flow within Puget Sound is dominated by tidal currents of as much as 1 m/s at Admiralty Inlet, reducing to approximately 0.5 m/s in the Central Basin (Lavelle and others, 1988). The lack of silt and clay-sized sediments in the Admiralty Inlet map area is likely a result of the strong currents (see Ground-Truth Studies for the Admiralty Inlet Map Area, sheet 3). The subtidal component of flow reaches approximately 0.1 m/s and is driven by density gradients arising from the contrast in salty ocean water at the entrance and freshwater inputs from stream flow (Lavelle and others, 1988). The total freshwater input to Puget Sound is approximately 3.4 x 106 m3/day, primarily from the Skagit River (Cannon, 1983). The subtidal circulation mostly consists of a two-layered flow in the basins with fresher water exiting at the surface and saltier water entering at depth (Ebbesmeyer and Cannon, 2001). In general, surface waters flow north and deeper waters flow south; variations arise from wind effects that can drive a surface current in the same direction as the wind, and a baroclinic response in the lower layer to about 100-m depth (Matsuura and Cannon, 1997). Oceanographic properties are influenced by temporal forcing parameters such as reduced stream flow during the 2000-01 drought that increased surface salinity and decreased differences between surface and bottom waters (Newton and others, 2003).

\n

On offshore seismic-reflection profiles, Pleistocene strata (excluding latest Pleistocene glacial and post-glacial deposits) form a distinct seismic unit, bounded below by pre-Tertiary or Tertiary basement and above by typically flat-lying latest Pleistocene to Holocene deposits that fill in erosional or depositional relief (Johnson and others, 2001). Cores from central Puget Sound have accumulation rates that range from 85 to 1200 mg/cm2/yr, or 0.12 to 2.4 cm/yr; the highest accumulation rates are near the southern end of central Puget Sound (Carpenter and others, 1985). Carpenter and others (1985) un-weighted arithmetic mean of accumulation rates for central Puget Sound deeper stations is 480±340 (± one standard deviation) mg/cm2/yr. Lavelle and others (1985) also found rates as high as 1200 mg/cm2/yr over the past approximately 70 years in cores in the Central Basin off of and north and south of Elliott Bay. Puget Sound basin rates are comparable to rates in midshelf silt deposits on the Washington coast north of the Columbia River (Nittrouer and others, 1979).

\n

The deep subtidal (in other words, below SCUBA depths) habitats of Puget Sound are relatively poorly known. A few subtidal surveys exist for several habitat types from the 1960s and 1970s (reviewed in Dethier, 1990), using grab and box core data. The Dethier (1990) review divides habitat up into Coast and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) substrate, water column energy, and depth zones but does not attempt to map these habitats, rather it is an inventory of habitats found in the area and the flora and fauna associated with each habitat.

\n

The approach of the Southern Salish Sea Mapping project is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data (the undersea equivalent of satellite remote-sensing data in terrestrial mapping), acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, and bottom-sediment sampling data. This approach is based in part on methods presented and data collection and product needs identified at the Washington State Seafloor Mapping Workshop (Washington State Seafloor Mapping Workshop Steering Committee, 2008), attended by coastal and marine managers and scientists. The map products display seafloor geomorphology and substrate, and identify potential marine benthic habitats. It is emphasized that the more interpretive habitat and geology maps rely on the integration of multiple, new high-resolution datasets and that mapping at small scales would not be possible without such data. Oceanographic current and wave data is not included in this analysis, however, the accompanying geographic information system (GIS) data set is designed and intended to be combined with oceanographic and biologic data sets assembled by others in the future and some of the GIS data has already been incorporated in the unpublished Nature Conservancy Benthic Habitats of Puget Sound database.

\n

This publication includes four map sheets, explanatory text, and a descriptive pamphlet. Each map sheet is published as a portable document format (PDF) file. ESRI ArcGIS compatible geotiffs (for example, bathymetry) and shapefiles (for example video observation points) will be available for download in the data catalog associated with this publication (Cochrane, 2015). An ArcGIS Project File with the symbology used to generate the map sheets is also provided. For those who do not own the full suite of ESRI GIS and mapping software, the data can be read using ESRI ArcReader, a free viewer that is available at http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcreader/index.html.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151073","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Dethier, M.N., Hodson, T.O., Kull, K.K., Golden, N., Ritchie, A.C., Moegling, C., and Pacunski, R.E., 2015, Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series: Admiralty Inlet: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1073, Report: iv, 34 p.; 4 Plates: 40 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151073.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; 4 Plates: 40 x 36 inches","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054193","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300998,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151073.jpg"},{"id":300985,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/"},{"id":300995,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/935/downloads/AdmiraltyInlet/ds935_AdmiraltyInlet.html","text":"Data Catalog—Admiralty Inlet, Washington","linkHelpText":"Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":300989,"rank":9,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/pdf/ofr20151073_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"2.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1073 Pamphlet"},{"id":300990,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/pdf/ofr20151073_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"159 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1073 Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Bathymetry Map of the of Admiralty Inlet Map Area, Washington By Andrew C. Ritchie, Guy R. Cochrane, and Crescent Moegling"},{"id":300991,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/pdf/ofr20151073_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"121 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1073 Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"CMECS Geoform Component Map of the Admiralty Inlet Map Area, Washington By Timothy O. Hodson, Guy R. Cochrane, Andrew C. Ritchie, and Crescent Moegling"},{"id":300994,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/ofr2015-1073_metadata.html","text":"Metadata"},{"id":300992,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/pdf/ofr20151073_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","size":"121 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1073 Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"CMECS Substrate Component Map of the Admiralty Inlet Map Area, Washington By Timothy O. Hodson, Guy R. Cochrane, Andrew C. Ritchie, and Crescent Moegling"},{"id":300993,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/pdf/ofr20151073_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","size":"112 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1073 Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"CMECS Biotope Component Map of the Admiralty Inlet Map Area, Washington By Megan N. Dethier, Guy R. Cochrane, Timothy O. Hodson, Kristine K. Kull"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Admiralty Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.95967102050781,\n 48.04136507445029\n ],\n [\n -122.95967102050781,\n 48.253026757626095\n ],\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 48.253026757626095\n ],\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 48.04136507445029\n ],\n [\n -122.95967102050781,\n 48.04136507445029\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570171ce4b0d9246a9fd14f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548148,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dethier, Megan N.","contributorId":48045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dethier","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodson, Timothy O. 0000-0003-0962-5130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-5130","contributorId":78634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kull, Kristine K.","contributorId":140404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kull","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E. ngolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","email":"ngolden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C. aritchie@usgs.gov","contributorId":4984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew","email":"aritchie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moegling, Crescent","contributorId":140405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moegling","given":"Crescent","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pacunski, Robert E.","contributorId":140406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pacunski","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13477,"text":"Washington Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70148351,"text":"ds935 - 2015 - Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series data catalog","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T09:22:22","indexId":"ds935","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"935","title":"Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series data catalog","docAbstract":"

In 2010, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 initiated the Puget Sound Scientific Studies and Technical Investigations Assistance Program, which was designed to support research for implementing the Puget Sound Action Agenda. The Action Agenda was created because Puget Sound was designated as one of 28 estuaries of National Significance under section 320 of the Clean Water Act, and its overall goal is to restore the environment of the Puget Sound Estuary by 2020. The Southern Salish Sea Mapping Project was funded through the Assistance Program request for proposal process which also supports a large number of coastal-zone- and ocean-management issues, and includes the recommendations of the Marine Protected Areas Work Group to the Washington State Legislature. These recommendations include a Puget Sound and coast-wide marine conservation needs assessment, gap analysis of existing Marine Protected Areas and recommendations for action.

\n

Four areas with recently acquired National Ocean Service hydrographic data are included in the Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series (fig. 1), each to be published individually as USGS Open File Reports at a scale of 1:40,000. The map products display seafloor geoforms, substrate, and biotopes using the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard.

\n

This data catalog contains much of the data used to prepare the SIMs in the Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series. Other data that were used to prepare the maps were compiled from previously published sources (for example, sediment samples and seismic reflection profiles) and are not included in this data series.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds935","usgsCitation":"2015, Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series data catalog: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 935, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds935.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053596","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds935.jpg"},{"id":300996,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/935/downloads/AdmiraltyInlet/ds935_AdmiraltyInlet.html","text":"Admiralty Inlet"},{"id":300986,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/935/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Southern Salish Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.96997070312499,\n 48.050545996347665\n ],\n [\n -122.96997070312499,\n 48.31060120649363\n ],\n [\n -122.57720947265624,\n 48.31060120649363\n ],\n [\n -122.57720947265624,\n 48.050545996347665\n ],\n [\n -122.96997070312499,\n 48.050545996347665\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.64312744140624,\n 47.56540738772849\n ],\n [\n -122.64312744140624,\n 47.76332998647307\n ],\n [\n -122.32452392578125,\n 47.76332998647307\n ],\n [\n -122.32452392578125,\n 47.56540738772849\n ],\n [\n -122.64312744140624,\n 47.56540738772849\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.6348876953125,\n 47.35371061951363\n ],\n [\n -122.6348876953125,\n 47.541309583656854\n ],\n [\n -122.32452392578125,\n 47.541309583656854\n ],\n [\n -122.32452392578125,\n 47.35371061951363\n ],\n [\n -122.6348876953125,\n 47.35371061951363\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.68707275390624,\n 47.184112659842015\n ],\n [\n -122.68707275390624,\n 47.37975438400816\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 47.37975438400816\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 47.184112659842015\n ],\n [\n -122.68707275390624,\n 47.184112659842015\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570171be4b0d9246a9fd14d","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548118,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70139448,"text":"70139448 - 2015 - A plan for the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T12:40:23","indexId":"70139448","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"SRS-208","subseriesTitle":"General Technical Report","title":"A plan for the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat)","docAbstract":"

The purpose of the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) is to create a continent-wide program to monitor bats at local to rangewide scales that will provide reliable data to promote effective conservation decisionmaking and the long-term viability of bat populations across the continent. This is an international, multiagency program. Four approaches will be used to gather monitoring data to assess changes in bat distributions and abundances: winter hibernaculum counts, maternity colony counts, mobile acoustic surveys along road transects, and acoustic surveys at stationary points. These monitoring approaches are described along with methods for identifying species recorded by acoustic detectors. Other chapters describe the sampling design, the database management system (Bat Population Database), and statistical approaches that can be used to analyze data collected through this program.

","language":"English","publisher":"Department of Agriculture Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Loeb, S.C., Rodhouse, T., Ellison, L.E., Lausen, C.L., Reichard, J., Irvine, K.M., Ingersoll, T.E., Coleman, J., Thogmartin, W.E., Sauer, J.R., Francis, C., Bayless, M.L., Stanley, T.R., and Johnson, D.H., 2015, A plan for the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat), 112 p.","productDescription":"112 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062764","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/48442"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55701717e4b0d9246a9fd147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loeb, Susan C.","contributorId":138944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loeb","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6762,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, La Grande, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodhouse, Thomas J.","contributorId":127378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodhouse","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lausen, Cori L.","contributorId":138945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lausen","given":"Cori","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12590,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reichard, Jonathan D.","contributorId":138946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reichard","given":"Jonathan D.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ingersoll, Thomas E.","contributorId":138947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coleman, Jeremy T. H.","contributorId":138948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"Jeremy T. H.","affiliations":[{"id":6969,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Endangered Species","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":138949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Francis, Charles M.","contributorId":14529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"Charles M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bayless, Mylea L.","contributorId":138950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bayless","given":"Mylea","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12591,"text":"Bat Conservation International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ]}