Flooding in the Northeastern United States during 2011 was widespread and record setting. This report summarizes peak streamflows that were recorded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) during separate flooding events in February, March, April, May, July, August, and September. The flooding of late April, which combined snowmelt and heavy rain and the floods associated with the tropical storms of late August and September, were the most severe and widespread. Precipitation totals from March to May for Pennsylvania, New York, and Vermont were documented as being the highest totals in 117 years of record. In late August, the heavy rains associated with Hurricane Irene produced widespread flooding in many parts of the Northeastern United States, which resulted in damage estimates in excess of $7 billion and approximately 45 deaths. In September, Tropical Storm Lee produced 6–12 inches of rain in parts of the Northeastern United States adding to the growing total of record peak streamflows set in 2011.
\nThe annual exceedance probability (AEP) for 327 streamgages in the Northeastern United States were computed using annual peak streamflow data through 2011 and are included in this report. The 2011 peak streamflow for 129 of those streamgages was estimated to have an AEP of less than or equal to 1 percent. Almost 100 of these peak streamflows were a result of the flooding associated with Hurricane Irene in late August 2011. More extreme than the 1-percent AEP, is the 0.2-percent AEP. The USGS recorded peak streamflows at 31 streamgages that equaled or exceeded the estimated 0.2-percent AEP during 2011. Collectively, the USGS recorded peak streamflows having estimated AEPs of less than 1 percent in Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, and Vermont and new period-of-record peak streamflows were recorded at more than 180 streamgages resulting from the floods of 2011.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1821","usgsCitation":"Suro, T.P., Roland, M.A., and Kiah, R.G., 2015, Flooding in the Northeastern United States, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1821, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/pp1821.","productDescription":"Report: v, 32 p.; 2 Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-062473","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313165,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1821/downloads/pp1821_table2.xlsx","text":"Table 2","size":"80.4 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 2"},{"id":313163,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1821/pp1821.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.0 MB","description":"Professional Paper 1821"},{"id":313162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1821/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":313164,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1821/downloads/pp1821_table1.xlsx","text":"Table 1","size":"152 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -72.2900390625,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -70.751953125,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -70.1806640625,\n 46.255846818480336\n ],\n [\n -69.6533203125,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -68.8623046875,\n 44.15068115978091\n ],\n [\n -70.224609375,\n 43.03677585761058\n ],\n [\n -70.400390625,\n 42.45588764197166\n ],\n [\n -69.5654296875,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -69.78515625,\n 41.3108238809182\n ],\n [\n -70.400390625,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -71.1474609375,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -72.333984375,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -73.6962890625,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -74.2236328125,\n 39.436192999314095\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 38.71980474264239\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 37.405073750176946\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -76.728515625,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -78.1787109375,\n 36.949891786813296\n ],\n [\n -78.75,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -79.4970703125,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -83.1884765625,\n 38.71980474264239\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -84.638671875,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -85.5615234375,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -85.7373046875,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -85.20996093749999,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -85.341796875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -84.5068359375,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 42.35854391749705\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -79.62890625,\n 43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n -78.8818359375,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -78.22265625,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -77.783203125,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -77.607421875,\n 44.308126684886126\n ],\n [\n -76.7724609375,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -74.8388671875,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 45.336701909968106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Chief, Office of Surface Water
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This map and associated digital databases are the result of compilation and interpretation of published and unpublished 1:250,000-scale and limited 1:500,000- to 1:63,360-scale maps. Covering the entire state of Alaska, it reflects more than a century of work by a host of geologists and almost two decades of compilation work. There are two versions of the map: a detailed digital version, and a simplified, “generalized” map for print. The map units described in the accompanying pamphlet reflect those of the detailed digital map. At the end of each unit description, the generalized map unit for that unit is listed.
\nCompilation of this map began in September 1996, using available 1:250,000-scale data to compile and release a regional map of central Alaska (Wilson and others, 1998). An ongoing iterative process was used to describe and correlate individual geologic units to produce the units for this statewide map and its interim products—a series of regional geologic map compilations—which were released as the process continued (in the references cited in the pamphlet that are shown with an *). As additional geologic data were acquired, previously released data, correlations, and interpretations were updated as needed. Compilation of this map was complex, because the original source maps were made by different generations of geologists, mapping with very different ideas. Several of the older maps were completed before the concepts of accreted (suspect) terranes or even plate tectonics existed. On the other hand, some of the more recent maps were so governed by terrane analysis that conventional stratigraphic nomenclature was not used or is obscured. We adopted a traditional stratigraphic approach and avoided use of the sometimes controversial and commonly inconsistently defined or applied terrane terminology.
\nOur decision to adopt a traditional approach is evident in a map that emphasizes the age and lithology of map units, rather than differences among fault-bounded packages of rocks. We did our best to resolve conflicting interpretations and map data from the regional compilations and from the individual source maps in areas where regional compilations had not been produced. We made every effort to preserve the original geologic map information, incorporating, where available, new data, but we were careful to not overinterpret the geologic data. Yet even our willingness to make interpretations and revisions did not enable us in some areas to resolve mapping conflicts or to reconcile different mapping styles. Therefore, there are several areas on the map where map units are separated by “quadrangle boundary faults.” More data and fieldwork may allow resolution of these conflicts.
\nThis Alaska compilation is unique in that it is integrated with a rich database of information provided in the spatial datasets and standalone attribute databases. Within the spatial files every line and polygon is attributed to its original source; the references to these sources are contained in related tables, as well as in stand-alone tables. Additional attributes include typical lithology, geologic setting, and age range for the map units. Also included are tables of radiometric ages.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3340","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., Hults, C.P., Mull, C.G, and Karl, S.M, comps., 2015, Geologic map of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3340, pamphlet 196 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:1,584,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3340.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 197 p.; 2 Sheets: 39.47 x 57.62 inches and 41.73 x 57.58 inches; Metadata; Read Me; Spatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-061525","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438657,"rank":12,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF)"},{"id":422039,"rank":11,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application 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Science Center staff
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Dr.
Anchorage, AK 99508
Alaska Mineral Resources
Alaska Science Center
Environmental tracers are useful for determining groundwater age and recharge source, yet their application in studies of geogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater has been limited. Environmental tracer data from 166 wells located in the Sacramento Valley, northern California, were interpreted and compared to Cr concentrations to determine the origin and age of groundwater with elevated Cr(VI), and better understand where Cr(VI) becomes mobilized and how it evolves along flowpaths. In addition to major ion and trace element concentrations, the dataset includes δ18O, δ2H, 3H concentration, 14C activity (of dissolved inorganic C), δ13C, 3He/4He ratio, and noble gas concentrations (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe). Noble gas recharge temperatures (NGTs) were computed, and age-related tracers were interpreted in combination to constrain the age distribution in samples and sort them into six different age categories spanning from <60 yr old to >10,000 yr old. Nearly all measured Cr is in the form of Cr(IV). Concentrations range from <1 to 46 μg L−1, with 10% exceeding the state of California’s Cr(VI) maximum contaminant level of 10 μg L−1. Two groups with elevated Cr(VI) (⩾5 μg L−1) were identified. Group 1 samples are from the southern part of the valley and contain modern (<60 yr old) water, have elevated NO3− concentrations (>3 mg L−1), and commonly have δ18O values enriched relative to local precipitation. These samples likely contain irrigation water and are elevated due to accelerated mobilization of Cr(VI) in the unsaturated zone (UZ) in irrigated areas. Group 2 samples are from throughout the valley and typically contain water 1000–10,000 yr old, have δ18O values consistent with local precipitation, and have unexpectedly warm NGTs. Chromium(VI) concentrations in Group 2 samples may be elevated for multiple reasons, but the hypothesis most consistent with all available data (notably, the warm NGTs) is a relatively long UZ residence time due to recharge through a deep UZ near the margin of the basin. A possible explanation for why Cr(VI) may be primarily mobilized in the UZ rather than farther along flowpaths in the oxic portion of the saturated zone is more dynamic cycling of Mn in the UZ due to transient moisture and redox conditions.
\nEnvironmental tracers provide information on groundwater age, recharge conditions, and flow processes which can be helpful for evaluating groundwater sustainability and vulnerability. Dissolved noble gas data have proven particularly useful in mountainous terrain because they can be used to determine recharge elevation. However, tracer-derived recharge elevations have not been utilized as calibration targets for numerical groundwater flow models. Herein, we constrain and calibrate a regional groundwater flow model with noble-gas-derived recharge elevations for the first time. Tritium and noble gas tracer results improved the site conceptual model by identifying a previously uncertain contribution of mountain block recharge from the Coast Mountains to an alluvial coastal aquifer in humid southwestern British Columbia. The revised conceptual model was integrated into a three-dimensional numerical groundwater flow model and calibrated to hydraulic head data in addition to recharge elevations estimated from noble gas recharge temperatures. Recharge elevations proved to be imperative for constraining hydraulic conductivity, recharge location, and bedrock geometry, and thus minimizing model nonuniqueness. Results indicate that 45% of recharge to the aquifer is mountain block recharge. A similar match between measured and modeled heads was achieved in a second numerical model that excludes the mountain block (no mountain block recharge), demonstrating that hydraulic head data alone are incapable of quantifying mountain block recharge. This result has significant implications for understanding and managing source water protection in recharge areas, potential effects of climate change, the overall water budget, and ultimately ensuring groundwater sustainability.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017274","usgsCitation":"Doyle, J.M., Gleeson, T., Manning, A.H., and Mayer, K.U., 2015, Using noble gas tracers to constrain a groundwater flow model with recharge elevations: A novel approach for mountainous terrain: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 10, p. 8094-8113, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017274.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"8094","endPage":"8113","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065559","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017274","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":313328,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568ce932e4b0e7a44bc0f115","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, Jessica M.","contributorId":151068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doyle","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18175,"text":"Waterline Resources Inc., Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gleeson, Tom","contributorId":81041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleeson","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mayer, K. Ulrich","contributorId":151069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ulrich","affiliations":[{"id":18176,"text":"Department of Earth and Ocean Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157594,"text":"ofr20151187 - 2015 - Detecting sea-level hazards: Simple regression-based methods for calculating the acceleration of sea level","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T08:36:22","indexId":"ofr20151187","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-04T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1187","title":"Detecting sea-level hazards: Simple regression-based methods for calculating the acceleration of sea level","docAbstract":"This report documents the development of statistical tools used to quantify the hazard presented by the response of sea-level elevation to natural or anthropogenic changes in climate and ocean circulation. A hazard is a physical process (or processes) that, when combined with vulnerability (or susceptibility to the hazard), results in risk. This study presents the development and comparison of new and existing sea-level analysis methods, exploration of the strengths and weaknesses of the methods using synthetic time series, and when appropriate, synthesis of the application of the method to observed sea-level time series. These reports are intended to enhance material presented in peer-reviewed journal articles where it is not always possible to provide the level of detail that might be necessary to fully support or recreate published results.
\nThe purpose of this report is to document and compare three simple methodologies that have previously been used to provide estimates with associated errors of the acceleration of sea-level elevation. These techniques have been used by coastal scientists and planners in assessing coastal risk over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Because relative sea-level (SL) elevation time series contain energetic fluctuations at many time scales, extracting what can be relatively small rate and acceleration signals (along with estimates of the error) from much larger “noise” has proven to be both difficult and controversial. Acceleration is a preferred measure of SL response to recent changes in the Earth’s climate because over time scales of 100 years or less slow vertical land motions (such as glacial isostatic adjustment) contribute only to the linear signal and not to acceleration, thus reducing the complexity of the analysis. Hence acceleration is useful if the goal of a study is to characterize and quantify the hazard associated with the changing relative elevation of water with respect to land on decadal time scales. Although in some cases it may be necessary to determine the cause of relative sea level rise, as a first step, it is important to accurately estimate the magnitude of the threat.
\nMost researchers agree that global sea level (GSL) rose persistently through much of the 20th century at about 1.5–2.0 millimeters per year (mm/yr). There is far less agreement about whether the rate of sea-level rise (SLR) is increasing (that is, an acceleration in SL).
\nRecent studies, and most of their predecessors, use tide gage data to quantify SL acceleration, ASL(t). In the current study, three techniques were used to calculate acceleration from tide gage data, and of those examined, it was determined that the two techniques based on sliding a regression window through the time series are more robust compared to the technique that fits a single quadratic form to the entire time series, particularly if there is temporal variation in the magnitude of the acceleration. The single-fit quadratic regression method has been the most commonly used technique in determining acceleration in tide gage data. The inability of the single-fit method to account for time-varying acceleration may explain some of the inconsistent findings between investigators. Properly quantifying ASL(t) from field measurements is of particular importance in evaluating numerical models of past, present, and future SLR resulting from anticipated climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151187","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Doran, K.S., Howd, P.A., and Sallenger, A.H., Jr., 2015, Detecting sea-level hazards—Simple regression-based methods for calculating the acceleration of sea level: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1187, 28 p.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039300","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313205,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1187/cover.jpg"},{"id":313038,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1187/ofr20151187.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1187"}],"contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
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Statistical summaries of streamflow data collected at 184 streamgages in Iowa are presented in this report. All streamgages included for analysis have at least 10 years of continuous record collected before or through September 2013. This report is an update to two previously published reports that presented statistical summaries of selected Iowa streamflow data through September 1988 and September 1996. The statistical summaries include (1) monthly and annual flow durations, (2) annual exceedance probabilities of instantaneous peak discharges (flood frequencies), (3) annual exceedance probabilities of high discharges, and (4) annual nonexceedance probabilities of low discharges and seasonal low discharges. Also presented for each streamgage are graphs of the annual mean discharges, mean annual mean discharges, 50-percent annual flow-duration discharges (median flows), harmonic mean flows, mean daily mean discharges, and flow-duration curves. Two sets of statistical summaries are presented for each streamgage, which include (1) long-term statistics for the entire period of streamflow record and (2) recent-term statistics for or during the 30-year period of record from 1984 to 2013. The recent-term statistics are only calculated for streamgages with streamflow records pre-dating the 1984 water year and with at least 10 years of record during 1984–2013. The streamflow statistics in this report are not adjusted for the effects of water use; although some of this water is used consumptively, most of it is returned to the streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151214","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation, the Iowa Highway Research Board (Iowa DOT Research Project TR-669), and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., O’Shea, P.S., Weber, J.R., Nguyen, K.T., Montgomery, N.L., and Simonson, A.J., 2015, Statistical summaries of selected Iowa streamflow data through September 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1214, 18 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151214.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 18 p.; Table; Companion File","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1984-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-064768","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312212,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1214/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":312213,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1214/ofr20151214.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1214"},{"id":312214,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1214/downloads/of20151214_table1.pdf","text":"Table 1","size":"229 kB","description":"OFR 2015-1214 Table 1"},{"id":312216,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1214/downloads/streamgage_summaries_12_2_15.zip","text":"Streamgage Summaries","size":"43.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2015-1215 Streamflow statistics"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Iowa Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 1230
Iowa City, IA 52244
http://ia.water.usgs.gov
The lower Kootenai River, Idaho, was sampled during the summers of 2012 and 2013 to evaluate its fish assemblage structure at seven sites within main- and side-channel habitats where large-scale habitat rehabilitation was undertaken. Understanding the current patterns of fish assemblage structure and their relationships with habitat is important for evaluating the effects of past and future rehabilitation projects on the river. Species-specific habitat associations were modeled, and the variables that best explained the occurrence and relative abundance of fish were identified in order to guide future habitat rehabilitation so that it benefits native species. The results indicated that the side-channel habitats supported higher species richness than the main-channel habitats and that nonnative fishes were closely associated with newly rehabilitated habitats. This research provides valuable insight on the current fish assemblages in the Kootenai River and the assemblage-level responses that may occur as a result of future rehabilitation activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1069756","usgsCitation":"Watkins, C.J., Stevens, B.S., Quist, M.C., Shepard, B.B., and Ireland, S., 2015, Patterns of fish assemblage structure and habitat use among main- and side-channel environments in the lower Kootenai River, Idaho: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 6, p. 1340-1355, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1069756.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1340","endPage":"1355","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059550","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.33354187011719,\n 48.679627401760364\n ],\n [\n -116.33354187011719,\n 48.725849974568995\n ],\n [\n -116.17492675781251,\n 48.725849974568995\n ],\n [\n -116.17492675781251,\n 48.679627401760364\n ],\n [\n -116.33354187011719,\n 48.679627401760364\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57612ab3e4b04f417c2ce4bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watkins, Carson J.","contributorId":171708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watkins","given":"Carson","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, Bryan S.","contributorId":171809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839 mquist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":171392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","email":"mquist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shepard, Bradley B.","contributorId":145880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shepard","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6765,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ireland, Susan C.","contributorId":18244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ireland","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173574,"text":"70173574 - 2015 - The effects of harvest regulations on behaviors of duck hunters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-13T14:58:38","indexId":"70173574","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1910,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife: An International Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of harvest regulations on behaviors of duck hunters","docAbstract":"Uncertainty exists as to how duck harvest regulations influence waterfowl hunter behavior. We used the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Parts Collection Survey to examine how harvest regulations affected behaviors of Central Flyway duck hunters. We stratified hunters into ranked groups based on seasonal harvest and identified three periods (1975–1984, 1988–1993, 2002–2011) that represented different harvest regulations (moderate, restrictive, and liberal, respectively; season length and daily bag limits smallest in restrictive seasons and largest in liberal seasons). We examined variability of seven measures of duck hunter behaviors across the periods: days harvesting ducks, daily harvest, hunter mobility, mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) selectivity, gender selectivity, daily female mallard harvest, and timing of harvest. Hunters reported harvesting ducks on more days, at a higher efficiency, and in slightly more counties during liberal seasons relative to restrictive and moderate seasons. We provide evidence to suggest that future regulation change will affect hunter behaviors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10871209.2014.950437","usgsCitation":"Haugen, M.T., Powell, L., Vrtiska, M.P., and Pope, K.L., 2015, The effects of harvest regulations on behaviors of duck hunters: Human Dimensions of Wildlife: An International Journal, v. 20, no. 1, p. 15-29, https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2014.950437.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055656","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575fd933e4b04f417c2baaa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugen, Matthew T.","contributorId":171767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haugen","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Larkin A.","contributorId":15100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Larkin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vrtiska, Mark P.","contributorId":54008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrtiska","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173644,"text":"70173644 - 2015 - Life-history tradeoffs and reproductive cycles in Spotted Owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T15:11:03","indexId":"70173644","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life-history tradeoffs and reproductive cycles in Spotted Owls","docAbstract":"The study of tradeoffs among life-history traits has long been key to understanding the evolution of life-history strategies. However, more recently, evolutionary ecologists have realized that reproductive costs have the potential to influence population dynamics. Here, we tested for costs of reproduction in the California Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis), and assessed whether costs of reproduction in year t − 1 on reproduction in year t could be responsible for regionally synchronized biennial cycles in reproductive output. Logistic regression analysis and multistate mark–recapture models with state uncertainty revealed that breeding reduced the likelihood of reproducing in the subsequent year by 16% to 38%, but had no influence on subsequent survival. We also found that costs of reproduction in year t − 1 were correlated with climatic conditions in year t, with evidence of higher costs during the dry phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Using a simulation-based population model, we showed that strong reproductive costs had the potential to create biennial cycles in population-level reproductive output; however, estimated costs of reproduction appeared to be too small to explain patterns observed in Spotted Owls. In the absence of strong reproductive costs, we hypothesize that observed natural cycles in the reproductive output of Spotted Owls are related to as-yet-unmeasured, regionally concordant fluctuations in environmental conditions or prey resources. Despite theoretical evidence for demographic effects, our analyses illustrate that linking tradeoffs to actual changes in population processes will be challenging because of the potential confounding effects of individual and environmental variation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-14-98.1","usgsCitation":"Stoelting, R.E., Gutierrez, R.J., Kendall, W., and Peery, M.Z., 2015, Life-history tradeoffs and reproductive cycles in Spotted Owls: The Auk, v. 132, no. 1, p. 46-64, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-14-98.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"64","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051728","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-14-98.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57594209e4b04f417c2568ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoelting, Ricka E.","contributorId":171533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoelting","given":"Ricka","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutierrez, R. J.","contributorId":7647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, William L. 0000-0003-0084-9891 wkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":166709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William L.","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peery, M. Zachariah","contributorId":171534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peery","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Zachariah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173592,"text":"70173592 - 2015 - Evaluation of methods for assessing physiological biomarkers of stress in freshwater mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-13T14:44:27","indexId":"70173592","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of methods for assessing physiological biomarkers of stress in freshwater mussels","docAbstract":"Freshwater mussel populations are highly susceptible to environmental alterations because of their diminished numbers and primarily sessile behaviors; nonlethal biomonitoring programs are needed to evaluate the health of populations prior to mass mortality events. Our objectives were to determine (i) which biochemical parameters in freshwater mussel hemolymph could be consistently quantified, (ii) how hemolymph parameters and tissue glycogen respond to a thermal stress gradient (25, 30, and 35 °C), and (iii) the effects of tissue and hemolymph extraction on long-term growth and survival of smaller- and larger-bodied mussel species. Glucose exhibited elevated expression in both species with increasing water temperature. Two transaminase enzymes had elevated expression in the 30 °C treatment. The effects of hemolymph extraction and tissue biopsies were evaluated with a large-bodied species, Elliptio crassidens, and a smaller species, Villosa vibex. Individuals were monitored for 820 to 945 days after one of four treatments: hemolymph extraction, tissue biopsy, tissue and hemolymph extraction, and control. Hemolymph extraction and tissue biopsy adversely affected survival of V. vibex, suggesting that these extraction methods may add some risk of reduced survival to smaller-bodied species. Survival of E. crassidens was not impaired by any of the treatments, supporting the use of these techniques in nonlethal biomonitoring programs for larger-bodied mussel species.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2014-0564","usgsCitation":"Fritts, A., Peterson, J., Hazelton, P.D., and Bringolf, R.B., 2015, Evaluation of methods for assessing physiological biomarkers of stress in freshwater mussels: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, no. 10, p. 1450-1459, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0564.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1450","endPage":"1459","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059689","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575fd92de4b04f417c2baa16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, Andrea K.","contributorId":139240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fritts","given":"Andrea K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hazelton, Peter D.","contributorId":171765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hazelton","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bringolf, Robert B.","contributorId":139241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bringolf","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173593,"text":"70173593 - 2015 - Non-lethal assessment of freshwater mussel physiological response to changes in environmental factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-13T14:42:10","indexId":"70173593","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-lethal assessment of freshwater mussel physiological response to changes in environmental factors","docAbstract":"The development of effective nonlethal biomonitoring techniques is imperative for the preservation of imperiled freshwater mussel populations. Changes in hemolymph chemistry profiles and tissue glycogen are potential biomarkers for nonlethally monitoring stress in mussels. We sampled three species in the Flint River Basin over 2 years to evaluate how these hemolymph and tissue biomarkers responded to environmental changes. We used hierarchical linear models to evaluate the relationships between variation in the biomarkers and environmental factors and found that the responses of the hemolymph and tissue parameters were strongly related to stream discharge. Shifts in alanine aminotransferase and glycogen showed the largest relations with discharge at the time of sampling, while magnesium levels were most explained by the discharge for 5 days prior to sampling. Aspartate aminotransferase, bicarbonate, and calcium showed the strongest relations with mean discharge for 15 days prior to sampling. The modeling results indicated that biomarker responses varied substantially among individuals of different size, sex, and species and illustrated the value of hierarchical modeling techniques to account for the inherent complexity of aquatic ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2014-0565","usgsCitation":"Fritts, A., Peterson, J., Wisniewski, J.M., and Bringolf, R.B., 2015, Non-lethal assessment of freshwater mussel physiological response to changes in environmental factors: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, no. 10, p. 1460-1468, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0565.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1460","endPage":"1468","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059471","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575fd92fe4b04f417c2baa45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, Andrea K.","contributorId":139240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fritts","given":"Andrea K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wisniewski, Jason M.","contributorId":140148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wisniewski","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bringolf, Robert B.","contributorId":139241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bringolf","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171345,"text":"70171345 - 2015 - Physiological preparedness and performance of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in relation to behavioural salinity preferences and thresholds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T13:34:56","indexId":"70171345","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physiological preparedness and performance of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in relation to behavioural salinity preferences and thresholds","docAbstract":"This study investigated the relationships between behavioural responses of Atlantic salmon Salmo salarsmolts to saltwater (SW) exposure and physiological characteristics of smolts in laboratory experiments. It concurrently described the behaviour of acoustically tagged smolts with respect to SW and tidal cycles during estuary migration. Salmo salar smolts increased their use of SW relative to fresh water (FW) from April to June in laboratory experiments. Mean preference for SW never exceeded 50% of time in any group. Preference for SW increased throughout the course of smolt development. Maximum continuous time spent in SW was positively related to gill Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and osmoregulatory performance in full-strength SW (measured as change in gill NKA activity and plasma osmolality). Smolts decreased depth upon reaching areas of the Penobscot Estuary where SW was present, and all fish became more surface oriented during passage from head of tide to the ocean. Acoustically tagged, migrating smolts with low gill NKA activity moved faster in FW reaches of the estuary than those with higher gill NKA activity. There was no difference in movement rate through SW reaches of the estuary based on gill NKA activity. Migrating fish moved with tidal flow during the passage of the lower estuary based on the observed patterns in both vertical and horizontal movements. The results indicate that smolts select low-salinity water during estuary migration and use tidal currents to minimize energetic investment in seaward migration. Seasonal changes in osmoregulatory ability highlight the importance of the timing of stocking and estuary arrival.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Fisheries Society of the British Isles","doi":"10.1111/jfb.12853","usgsCitation":"Stich, D., Zydlewski, G., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2015, Physiological preparedness and performance of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in relation to behavioural salinity preferences and thresholds: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 88, no. 2, p. 595-617, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12853.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"617","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060915","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d65fce4b07e28b6684a0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stich, D.S.","contributorId":169719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stich","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zydlewski, G.B.","contributorId":78119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176485,"text":"70176485 - 2015 - A spatial individual-based model predicting a great impact of copious sugar sources and resting sites on survival of Anopheles gambiae and malaria parasite transmission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-19T08:57:02","indexId":"70176485","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2650,"text":"Malaria Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatial individual-based model predicting a great impact of copious sugar sources and resting sites on survival of Anopheles gambiae and malaria parasite transmission","docAbstract":"Agent-based modelling (ABM) has been used to simulate mosquito life cycles and to evaluate vector control applications. However, most models lack sugar-feeding and resting behaviours or are based on mathematical equations lacking individual level randomness and spatial components of mosquito life. Here, a spatial individual-based model (IBM) incorporating sugar-feeding and resting behaviours of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae was developed to estimate the impact of environmental sugar sources and resting sites on survival and biting behaviour.
A spatial IBM containing An. gambiae mosquitoes and humans, as well as the village environment of houses, sugar sources, resting sites and larval habitat sites was developed. Anopheles gambiae behaviour rules were attributed at each step of the IBM: resting, host seeking, sugar feeding and breeding. Each step represented one second of time, and each simulation was set to run for 60 days and repeated 50 times. Scenarios of different densities and spatial distributions of sugar sources and outdoor resting sites were simulated and compared.
When the number of natural sugar sources was increased from 0 to 100 while the number of resting sites was held constant, mean daily survival rate increased from 2.5% to 85.1% for males and from 2.5% to 94.5% for females, mean human biting rate increased from 0 to 0.94 bites per human per day, and mean daily abundance increased from 1 to 477 for males and from 1 to 1,428 for females. When the number of outdoor resting sites was increased from 0 to 50 while the number of sugar sources was held constant, mean daily survival rate increased from 77.3% to 84.3% for males and from 86.7% to 93.9% for females, mean human biting rate increased from 0 to 0.52 bites per human per day, and mean daily abundance increased from 62 to 349 for males and from 257 to 1120 for females. All increases were significant (P < 0.01). Survival was greater when sugar sources were randomly distributed in the whole village compared to clustering around outdoor resting sites or houses.
Increases in densities of sugar sources or outdoor resting sites significantly increase the survival and human biting rates of An. gambiae mosquitoes. Survival of An. gambiae is more supported by random distribution of sugar sources than clustering of sugar sources around resting sites or houses. Density and spatial distribution of natural sugar sources and outdoor resting sites modulate vector populations and human biting rates, and thus malaria parasite transmission.
In 2013, juvenile Alligator Gar were sampled in the reservoir-river interface of the Red River arm of Lake Texoma. The Red River, which flows 860 km along Oklahoma’s border with Texas, is the primary in-flow source of Lake Texoma, and is impounded by Denison Dam. Minifyke nets were deployed using an adaptive random cluster sampling design, which has been used to effectively sample rare species. Lapilli otoliths (one of the three pair of ear stones found within the inner ear of fish) were removed from juvenile Alligator Gar collected in July of 2013. Daily ages were estimated by counting the number of rings present, and spawn dates were back-calculated from date of capture and subtracting 8 days (3 days from spawn to hatch and 5 days from hatch to swimup when the first ring forms). Alligator Gar daily age estimation ranged from 50 to 63 days old since swim-up. Spawn dates corresponded to rising pool elevations of Lake Texoma and water pulses of tributaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oklahoma Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Snow, R.A., and Long, J.M., 2015, Estimating spawning times of Alligator Gar (Atractosteus spatula) in Lake Texoma, Oklahoma: Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, v. 95, p. 46-53.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-068503","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330608,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330609,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ojs.library.okstate.edu/osu/index.php/OAS/article/view/6868"}],"volume":"95","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5819a9c4e4b0bb36a4c91031","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snow, Richard A.","contributorId":176213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snow","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27443,"text":"Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176444,"text":"70176444 - 2015 - Cr(VI) occurrence and geochemistry in water from public-supply wells in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-14T11:36:56","indexId":"70176444","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cr(VI) occurrence and geochemistry in water from public-supply wells in California","docAbstract":"Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in 918 wells sampled throughout California between 2004 and 2012 by the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment-Priority Basin Project (GAMA-PBP) ranged from less than the study reporting limit of 1 microgram per liter (μg/L) to 32 μg/L. Statewide, Cr(VI) was reported in 31 percent of wells and equaled or exceeded the recently established (2014) California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for Cr(VI) of 10 μg/L in 4 percent of wells. Cr(VI) data collected for regulatory purposes overestimated Cr(VI) occurrence compared to spatially-distributed GAMA-PBP data. Ninety percent of chromium was present as Cr(VI), which was detected more frequently and at higher concentrations in alkaline (pH ≥ 8), oxic water; and more frequently in agricultural and urban land uses compared to native land uses. Chemical, isotopic (tritium and carbon-14), and noble-gas data show high Cr(VI) in water from wells in alluvial aquifers in the southern California deserts result from long groundwater-residence times and geochemical reactions such as silicate weathering that increase pH, while oxic conditions persist. High Cr(VI) in water from wells in alluvial aquifers along the west-side of the Central Valley results from high-chromium in source rock eroded to form those aquifers, and areal recharge processes (including irrigation return) that can mobilize chromium from the unsaturated zone. Cr(VI) co-occurred with oxyanions having similar chemistry, including vanadium, selenium, and uranium. Cr(VI) was positively correlated with nitrate, consistent with increased concentrations in areas of agricultural land use and mobilization of chromium from the unsaturated zone by irrigation return.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.08.007","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J.A., Wright, M., Seymour, W.A., McCleskey, R.B., Fram, M.S., Belitz, K., and Esser, B.K., 2015, Cr(VI) occurrence and geochemistry in water from public-supply wells in California: Applied Geochemistry, v. 63, p. 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.08.007.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"217","ipdsId":"IP-060886","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.08.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Esser, Bradley K.","contributorId":33161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esser","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70176497,"text":"70176497 - 2015 - A 2-D process-based model for suspended sediment dynamics: A first step towards ecological modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-19T14:35:11","indexId":"70176497","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 2-D process-based model for suspended sediment dynamics: A first step towards ecological modeling","docAbstract":"In estuaries suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is one of the most important contributors to turbidity, which influences habitat conditions and ecological functions of the system. Sediment dynamics differs depending on sediment supply and hydrodynamic forcing conditions that vary over space and over time. A robust sediment transport model is a first step in developing a chain of models enabling simulations of contaminants, phytoplankton and habitat conditions.
This works aims to determine turbidity levels in the complex-geometry delta of the San Francisco estuary using a process-based approach (Delft3D Flexible Mesh software). Our approach includes a detailed calibration against measured SSC levels, a sensitivity analysis on model parameters and the determination of a yearly sediment budget as well as an assessment of model results in terms of turbidity levels for a single year, water year (WY) 2011.
Model results show that our process-based approach is a valuable tool in assessing sediment dynamics and their related ecological parameters over a range of spatial and temporal scales. The model may act as the base model for a chain of ecological models assessing the impact of climate change and management scenarios. Here we present a modeling approach that, with limited data, produces reliable predictions and can be useful for estuaries without a large amount of processes data.
The 25 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake caused more than 8000 fatalities and widespread building damage in central Nepal. The Italian Space Agency’s COSMO–SkyMed Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite acquired data over Kathmandu area four days after the earthquake and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 SAR satellite for larger area nine days after the mainshock. We used these radar observations and rapidly produced damage proxy maps (DPMs) derived from temporal changes in Interferometric SAR coherence. Our DPMs were qualitatively validated through comparison with independent damage analyses by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and the United Nations Institute for Training and Research’s United Nations Operational Satellite Applications Programme, and based on our own visual inspection of DigitalGlobe’s WorldView optical pre- versus postevent imagery. Our maps were quickly released to responding agencies and the public, and used for damage assessment, determining inspection/imaging priorities, and reconnaissance fieldwork.
","language":"English","publisher":"SSA","doi":"10.1785/0220150152","usgsCitation":"Yun, S., Hudnut, K.W., Owen, S., Webb, F., Simons, M., Sacco, P., Gurrola, E., Manipon, G., Liang, C., Fielding, E., Milillo, P., Hua, H., and Coletta, A., 2015, Rapid damage mapping for the 2015 M7.8 Gorkha earthquake using synthetic aperture radar data from COSMO-SkyMed and ALOS-2 satellites: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 6, p. 1549-1557, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150152.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1549","endPage":"1557","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068239","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151204-093621926","text":"External Repository"},{"id":324702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57779434e4b07dd077c90611","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yun, Sang-Ho","contributorId":102772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yun","given":"Sang-Ho","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, Susan","contributorId":29004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, Frank","contributorId":172624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simons, Mark","contributorId":172625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simons","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sacco, Patrizia","contributorId":172626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sacco","given":"Patrizia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gurrola, Eric","contributorId":172627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gurrola","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Manipon, Gerald","contributorId":172628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manipon","given":"Gerald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liang, Cunren","contributorId":172629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liang","given":"Cunren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Fielding, Eric","contributorId":50434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Milillo, Pietro","contributorId":9587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milillo","given":"Pietro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hua, Hook","contributorId":172630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hua","given":"Hook","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Coletta, Alessandro","contributorId":172631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coletta","given":"Alessandro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70193467,"text":"70193467 - 2015 - Spatial and temporal variation in marine birds in the north Gulf of Alaska: The value of marine bird monitoring within Gulf Watch Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-21T08:46:49","indexId":"70193467","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Spatial and temporal variation in marine birds in the north Gulf of Alaska: The value of marine bird monitoring within Gulf Watch Alaska","docAbstract":"Birds offer useful insights into marine ecosystems. Marine birds are responsive to spatial and temporal variation in the environment, that often originates with fluctuations in oceanographic and climatic drivers and permeates up through food webs to conspicuous top predators such as seabirds (Coyle and Pinchuk 2005, Speckman et al. 2005, Gonzales-Solis et al. 2009, Cushing et al., this report). In that way, marine birds are excellent assimilators, samplers, and indicators of the status of marine environments (Montevecchi 1993, Piatt et al. 2007b, Zador et al. 2013). Marine bird responses to dynamic marine ecosystems can be detected in a variety of metrics, including abundance, distribution, and productivity. For example, in the northern Gulf of Alaska (GOA), decadal-scale variation in oceanographic conditions has been associated with dramatic shifts in prey composition and abundance (Anderson and Piatt 1999). In turn, these shifts were more closely correlated with changes in abundance of fish-eating birds of Prince William Sound (PWS), such as pigeon guillemots (Golet et al. 2002) and marbled and Kittlitz’s murrelets (Kuletz et al. 2011a, 2011b), than in the abundance of species that primarily consume plankton or benthic prey (Agler et al. 1999, Cushing et al., this report). Birds also are responsive to anthropogenic influences in marine environments, including commercial fishing, contamination, introduction of non-native species, coastal development, offshore resource extraction, and vessel traffic. A major anthropogenic perturbation in the northern GOA was the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, in which marine birds suffered high immediate mortality (Piatt and Ford 1996). Additionally, several species showed long-term evidence of declines in the oiled areas of PWS (Lance et al. 2001), as well as impacts to reproductive success years later (Golet et al. 2002). However, the degree of direct impact and vulnerability to chronic injury, which was related to exposure to lingering oil, varied widely among species (see Esler et al., this report). Research and monitoring directed at documenting the timelines and mechanisms of wildlife recovery following the Exxon Valdez oil spill led to an unprecedented understanding of oil spill effects on marine birds, as well as previously unknown information about marine bird ecology in the northern GOA. Quantifying effects of anthropogenic influences requires an understanding of variation in marine bird abundance, distribution, and productivity, in relation to naturally occurring dynamics in marine environments continued marine bird work as part of Gulf Watch Alaska will facilitate this. In addition to their value as indicators of marine conditions and anthropogenic influences, marine birds are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and are managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Marine birds have high societal value from a wide variety of interests (e.g., tourism, bird watching, hunting, mythology), and are an important source of subsistence foods in Alaska (Naves and Braem 2014). Because of the conservation interest in marine birds, as well as their value for indicating the status of marine ecosystems, monitoring of marine birds is an important component of many ocean monitoring programs, including Gulf Watch Alaska.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quantifying temporal and spatial ecosystem variability across the Northern Gulf of Alaska to understand mechanisms of change: Science synthesis report for the Gulf Watch Alaska Program","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Watch Alaska Program","usgsCitation":"Kuletz, K.J., and Esler, D., 2015, Spatial and temporal variation in marine birds in the north Gulf of Alaska: The value of marine bird monitoring within Gulf Watch Alaska, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3-47 ","endPage":"3-52","ipdsId":"IP-060102","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":348034,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.evostc.state.ak.us/Store/ScienceSynthesisReports/LTMScienceSynthesis.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 57.27904276497778\n ],\n [\n -145.72265625,\n 57.27904276497778\n ],\n [\n -145.72265625,\n 62.1655019058381\n ],\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 62.1655019058381\n ],\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 57.27904276497778\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3ae4b06e28e9c252c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuletz, Kathy J.","contributorId":24669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuletz","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174828,"text":"70174828 - 2015 - Representativeness of soil samples collected to assess mining-related contamination of flood plains in southeast Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T12:17:42","indexId":"70174828","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Representativeness of soil samples collected to assess mining-related contamination of flood plains in southeast Kansas","docAbstract":"Historical lead and zinc mining in the Tri-State Mining District (TSMD), located in parts of southeast Kansas, southwest Missouri, and northeast Oklahoma, has resulted in a substantial ongoing input of lead and zinc to the environment (Juracek, 2006; Juracek and Becker, 2009). In response to concern about the mining-related contamination, southeast Cherokee County, Kansas, was listed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) National Priority List as a Superfund hazardous waste site (fig. 1). To provide some of the information needed to support remediation efforts in the Cherokee County Superfund site, a study was begun in 2009 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) that was requested and funded by USEPA. As part of the study, surficial-soil sampling was used to investigate the extent and magnitude of mining-related lead and zinc contamination in the flood plains of the Spring River and several tributaries within the Superfund site. In mining-affected areas, flood-plain soils had lead and zinc concentrations that far exceeded background levels as well as probable-effects guidelines for toxic aquatic biological effects (Juracek, 2013). Lead- and zinc-contaminated flood plains are a concern, in part, because they represent a long-term source of contamination to the fluvial environment.
\nAn important issue is the within-site representativeness of the surficial-soil samples collected. Specifically, the question is whether or not the samples collected provide an acceptable representation of the lead and zinc concentrations at each site for the purpose of characterizing and comparing sites. The distribution of mining-contaminated sediment on flood plains is determined by several factors including the size and density of the contaminated particles, flood-plain width and topography, flood characteristics (frequency, magnitude, duration), and fluvial geomorphic processes. To evaluate within-site representativeness, additional samples were simultaneously collected to assess within-site variability. In this paper, the specific objectives were to:
\n","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2015 Joint Federal Interagency Conference on Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling (SEDHYD 2015)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2015 Joint Federal Interagency Conference on Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling (SEDHYD 2015)","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"SEDHYD","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2015, Representativeness of soil samples collected to assess mining-related contamination of flood plains in southeast Kansas, in 2015 Joint Federal Interagency Conference on Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling (SEDHYD 2015), Reno, NV, April 19-23, 2015, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045073","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/2015/proceedings"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdb9e4b0f1bea0e0f8e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70173648,"text":"70173648 - 2015 - Effects of climate and plant phenology on recruitment of moose at the southern extent of their range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T11:34:39","indexId":"70173648","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climate and plant phenology on recruitment of moose at the southern extent of their range","docAbstract":"
Climate plays a fundamental role in limiting the range of a species, is a key factor in the dynamics of large herbivores, and is thought to be involved in declines of moose populations in recent decades. We examined effects of climate and growing-season phenology on recruitment (8–9 months old) of young Shiras moose (Alces alces shirasi) over three decades, from 18 herds, across a large geographic area encompassing much of the southern extent of their range. Recruitment declined in 8 of 18 herds during 1980–2009, whereas others did not exhibit a temporal trend (none showed a positive trend). During those three decades, seasonal temperatures increased, spring–summer precipitation decreased, and spring occurred earlier, became shorter in duration, and green-up occurred faster. Recruitment was influenced negatively by warm temperatures during the year before young were born, but only for herds with declining recruitment. Dry spring–summers of the previous year and rapid rates of spring green-up in the year of birth had similar negative influences across declining and stable herds. Those patterns indicate both direct (year t ) and delayed (year t−1) effects of weather and plant phenology on recruitment of young, which we hypothesize was mediated through effects on maternal nutritional condition. Suppressed nutrition could have been induced by (1) increased thermoregulatory costs associated with warming temperatures and (2) shortened duration of availability of high-quality forage in spring. Progressive reductions in net energetic gain for species that are sensitive to climate may continue to hamper individual fitness and population dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-015-3296-4","usgsCitation":"Monteith, K.L., Klaver, R.W., Hersey, K., Holland, A.A., Thomas, T.P., and Kauffman, M., 2015, Effects of climate and plant phenology on recruitment of moose at the southern extent of their range: Oecologia, v. 178, no. 4, p. 1137-1148, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3296-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1137","endPage":"1148","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051295","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1223&context=nrem_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":323267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575941d7e4b04f417c256809","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monteith, Kevin L.","contributorId":83400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monteith","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hersey, Kent","contributorId":99873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hersey","given":"Kent","affiliations":[{"id":6763,"text":"Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holland, A. Andrew","contributorId":171542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holland","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thomas, Timothy P.","contributorId":171543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew mkauffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":171443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew","email":"mkauffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70173675,"text":"70173675 - 2015 - Baseline blood Pb levels of black-necked stilts on the upper Texas coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T15:14:37","indexId":"70173675","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseline blood Pb levels of black-necked stilts on the upper Texas coast","docAbstract":"There are no known biological requirements for lead (Pb), and elevated Pb levels in birds can cause a variety of sub-lethal effects and mortality. Historic and current levels of Pb in mottled ducks (Anas fulvigula) suggest that environmental sources of Pb remain available on the upper Texas coast. Because of potential risks of Pb exposure among coexisting marsh birds, black-necked stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) blood Pb concentrations were measured during the breeding season. Almost 80 % (n = 120) of 152 sampled stilts exceeded the background threshold (>20 μg/dL) for Pb exposure. However, blood Pb concentrations did not vary by age or gender, and toxic or potentially lethal concentrations were rare (<5 %). Consistent, low-level blood Pb concentrations of black-necked stilts in this study suggest the presence of readily bioavailable sources of Pb, although potential impacts on local stilt populations remain unclear.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00128-015-1616-3","usgsCitation":"Riecke, T., Conway, W.C., Haukos, D.A., Moon, J.A., and Comer, C.E., 2015, Baseline blood Pb levels of black-necked stilts on the upper Texas coast: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 95, no. 4, p. 465-469, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1616-3.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"469","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064389","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323196,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f02fe4b04f417c24da25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riecke, Thomas V.","contributorId":171482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riecke","given":"Thomas V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Warren C.","contributorId":51550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moon, Jena A.","contributorId":171483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moon","given":"Jena","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Comer, Christopher E.","contributorId":166690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comer","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":32360,"text":"Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70134261,"text":"70134261 - 2015 - Developing in situ non-destructive estimates of crop biomass to address issues of scale in remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:57:46","indexId":"70134261","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing in situ non-destructive estimates of crop biomass to address issues of scale in remote sensing","docAbstract":"In highly managed reservoir systems, species interactions within novel fish assemblages can be difficult to predict. In high-elevation Scofield Reservoir in Utah the unintentional introduction of Utah Chub Gila atraria and subsequent population expansion prompted a shift from stocking exclusively Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to include tiger trout (female Brown Trout Salmo trutta × male Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis) and Bonneville Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii utah, which composed a novel suite of top predators and potential competitors. We examined the interspecific interactions among Scofield Reservoir piscivores using a multifaceted approach including gut analyses, stable isotopes, and gape limitation. Large Cutthroat Trout consumed 50–100% Utah Chub and tiger trout consumed 45–80%. In contrast, small and large Rainbow Trout consumed primarily invertebrate prey and exhibited significant overlap with small tiger trout, Cutthroat Trout, and Utah Chub. Large Cutthroat Trout and tiger trout occupy a top piscivore trophic niche and are more littoral, while Rainbow Trout occupy an omnivore niche space and are more pelagic. Both Cutthroat and tiger trout varied in niche space with respect to size-class, demonstrating an ontogenetic shift to piscivory at approximately 350 mm TL. Cutthroat Trout and tiger trout are capable of consuming prey up to 50% of their own size, which is larger than predicted based on their theoretical gape limit. Because it appears food resources (Utah Chub) are not limited, and performance metrics are high, competition is unlikely between Cutthroat Trout and tiger trout. In contrast, apparent survival of Rainbow Trout has recently declined significantly, potentially due to shared food resources with Utah Chub or negative behavioral interactions with other members of the community. Collectively, this research aids in understanding biotic interactions within a top-heavy and novel fish community and assists towards developing and implementing suitable management strategies to control nuisance species.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1083475","usgsCitation":"Winters, L.K., and Budy, P., 2015, Exploring crowded trophic niche space in a novel reservoir fish assemblage: how many predators is too many?: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 114, no. 6, p. 1117-1128, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1083475.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1117","endPage":"1128","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065178","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Scofield Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.1064453125,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -104.1064453125,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -95.33935546875,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -95.33935546875,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -104.1064453125,\n 39.8928799002948\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.14044189453124,\n 39.82013946676259\n ],\n [\n -111.18078231811523,\n 39.78321267821705\n ],\n [\n -111.18026733398438,\n 39.77120720260559\n ],\n [\n -111.16327285766602,\n 39.74164634129422\n ],\n [\n -111.11280441284178,\n 39.78717006831114\n ],\n [\n -111.14044189453124,\n 39.82013946676259\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9332e4b04f417c275144","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, Lisa K.","contributorId":171640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winters","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678 pbudy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":140028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173777,"text":"70173777 - 2015 - Jaguar critical habitat designation causes concern for Southwestern ranchers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T13:11:39","indexId":"70173777","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3230,"text":"Rangelands","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Jaguar critical habitat designation causes concern for Southwestern ranchers","docAbstract":"The designation of jaguar critical habitat in April 2014 in southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico created concern for livestock ranchers in the region.
\nWe interviewed ranchers to understand their concerns with the jaguar critical habitat designation and their attitudes toward jaguars, wildlife conservation, and resource management in general.
\nRanchers we interviewed were concerned about direct impacts of designated critical habitat on ranching, as well as possible alternative agendas of critical habitat advocates and issues specific to the borderlands region.
\nThe ranchers were less concerned about the presence of jaguars but were more concerned about possible limiting effects of the Endangered Species Act (ESA), distrust of government entities, and litigious environmental groups.
\nTo maximize effectiveness, government agencies should work to foster trust in the ranching community, be cognizant of sensitive issues specific to the region that may challenge endangered species conservation goals, recognize the opportunity to work with ranchers for endangered species management, and provide outreach about implications of the ESA.
\nChannel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), populations in six lakes in northern Idaho, USA, were sampled to describe their population characteristics. During the summers of 2011 and 2012, 4864 channel catfish were sampled. Channel catfish populations had low to moderate catch rates, and length structure was dominated by fish <400 mm. Channel catfish were in good body condition. All populations were maintained by stocking age-1 or age-2 fish. Growth of fish reared in thermally enriched environments prior to stocking was fast compared to other North American channel catfish populations. After stocking, growth of channel catfish declined rapidly. Once stocked, cold water temperatures, prey resources and (or) genetic capabilities limited growth. Total annual mortality of age 2 and older channel catfish was generally <40%. Tag returns indicated that angler exploitation was low, varying from 0 to 43% among lakes. This research provides insight on factors regulating channel catfish population dynamics and highlights important considerations associated with their ecology and management.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1111/fme.12156","usgsCitation":"Carter-Lynn, K.P., and Quist, M.C., 2015, Population characteristics of channel catfish near the northern edge of their distribution: implications for management: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 22, no. 6, p. 530-538, https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12156.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"530","endPage":"538","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059514","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6b9e4b07657d1a2292c","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/fme.12156","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fme.12156","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Carter-Lynn K. P., Quist M. C., Liter M.","journalName":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","publicationDate":"11/26/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter-Lynn, K. P.","contributorId":171804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter-Lynn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839 mquist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":171392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","email":"mquist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}