Biologists often estimate separate survival and movement rates from radio-telemetry and mark-recapture data from the same study population. We describe a method for combining these data types in a single model to obtain joint, potentially less biased estimates of survival and movement that use all available data. We furnish an example using wood thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) captured at the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge in central Georgia in 1996. The model structure allows estimation of survival and capture probabilities, as well as estimation of movements away from and into the study area. In addition, the model structure provides many possibilities for hypothesis testing. Using the combined model structure, we estimated that wood thrush weekly survival was 0.989 ± 0.007 (±SE). Survival rates of banded and radio-marked individuals were not different (α[Sradioed, Sbanded]=log[Sradioed/Sbanded]=0.0239 ± 0.0435). Fidelity rates (weekly probability of remaining in a stratum) did not differ between geographic strata (Ψ = 0.911 ± 0.020; α [Ψ11, Ψ22]=0.0161 ± 0.047), and recapture rates (p = 0.097 ± 0.016) banded and radio-marked individuals were not different (α[Pradioed, Pbanded]=0.145 ± 0.655). Combining these data types in a common model resulted in more precise estimates of movement and recapture rates than separate estimation, but ability to detect stratum or mark-specific differences in parameters was week. We conducted simulation trials to investigate the effects of varying study designs on parameter accuracy and statistical power to detect important differences. Parameter accuracy was high (relative bias [RBIAS] <2 %) and confidence interval coverage close to nominal, except for survival estimates of banded birds for the 'off study area' stratum, which were negatively biased (RBIAS -7 to -15%) when sample sizes were small (5-10 banded or radioed animals 'released' per time interval). To provide adequate data for useful inference from this model, study designs should seek a minimum of 25 animals of each marking type observed (marked or observed via telemetry) in each time period and geographic stratum.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803003","usgsCitation":"Powell, L., Conroy, M., Hines, J., Nichols, J., and Krementz, D., 2000, Simultaneous use of mark-recapture and radiotelemetry to estimate survival, movement, and capture rates: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 302-313, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803003.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"313","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f18c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, L.A.","contributorId":51262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5223956,"text":"5223956 - 2000 - Ecotoxicology of wild mammals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5223956","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecotoxicology of wild mammals","docAbstract":"An international group of 32 scientists has critically reviewed the scientific literature on exposure and effects of environmental contaminants in wild mammals. Although the absolute number of toxicological studies in domesticated and wild mammals eclipses that for birds, a detailed examination of scientific publications and databases reveal that information for 'wild' birds is actually greater than that for 'wild' mammals. Of the various taxa of mammals, ecotoxicological data is most noticeably lacking for marsupials and monotremes. In contrast, rodents (comprising 43% of all mammal species) have been studied extensively, despite evidence of their tolerance to some organochlorine compounds, rodenticides, and even radionuclides. Mammalian species at greatest risk of exposure include those that consume a high percentage of their body weight on a daily basis (e.g., shrews, moles and bats). Aquatic mammals tend to bioaccumulate tremendous burdens of lipophilic contaminants, although storage in their fat depots may actually limit toxicity. Carnivores appear to be more sensitive to adverse effects of environmental contaminants than herbivores. Remarkably few of the thousands of compounds manufactured worldwide have been toxicologically evaluated in wild mammals, and concentrations of even fewer have been monitored in tissues. Overarching research needs include: development of new exposure/effects models and better methods for estimation of species sensitivities; generation of comparative data on contaminant bioavailability, sublethal responses and detoxication mechanisms; enhanced understanding of pesticide, industrial contaminant and metal interactions; identification of endocrine disruptive contaminants and their overall ecological significance; and finally, estimating the relative contribution of environmental contamination as a factor affecting wild mammal populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Environmental Sciences in the 21st Century: Paradigms, opportunities, and challenges, Nashville, Tennessee, November 12-16.","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., and Shore, R., 2000, Ecotoxicology of wild mammals: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21.","productDescription":"43 (abstract no. 181)","startPage":"43 (abstra","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6258ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shore, R.F.","contributorId":70899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shore","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224107,"text":"5224107 - 2000 - Effects of lead in nestling black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) experimentally dosed in the field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224107","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of lead in nestling black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) experimentally dosed in the field","docAbstract":"Lead is a known environmental toxicant, and poisoning resulting from the ingestion of lead shot has been well-documented in many species of waterfowl. However, much less is known regarding exposure and effects of free environmental lead in species of birds other than waterfowl. In an attempt to evaluate toxicity of lead to herons and to determine the usefulness of feathers as a non-invasive exposure-monitoring tool, black-crowned night-heron nestlings were dosed with lead to determine its distribution among tissues, and its effects on biochemical biomarkers, growth, and survival. Five-day-old heron nestlings (one per nest) at Chincoteague Bay, Virginia were given a single intra-peritoneal injection of dosing vehicle (control; N=7) or one of three lead solutions (as lead nitrate) (10, 50, or 250 mg/kg body weight of nestling; N=7 per dose) chosen to represent levels below, at, and above those found in moderately-polluted environments. All nestlings treated with lead exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity compared to controls, and nestlings treated with the highest concentration showed a reduced carcass weight compared to controls. Of several measures of oxidative stress that were analyzed, significant differences were found between low- and high-dosed nestlings in hepatic total thiol and protein-bound sulfhydryl concentrations. No differences in survival were detected between dosed nestlings, controls, or uninjected siblings. Lead concentrations in several matrices, including feathers, are being determined to assess distribution among tissues and will also be examined for relationships with measures of effect.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Environmental Sciences in the 21st Century: Paradigms, opportunities, and challenges, Nashville, Tennessee, November 12-16.","usgsCitation":"Golden, N.H., Rattner, B., Cohen, J., Hoffman, D.J., and Ottinger, M.A., 2000, Effects of lead in nestling black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) experimentally dosed in the field: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21.","productDescription":"229 (abstract no. PWA052)","startPage":"229 (abstr","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611cee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golden, N. H.","contributorId":55541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohen, J.B.","contributorId":29914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5221952,"text":"5221952 - 2000 - Seventeenth breeding-bird census. 34. Diked wet meadow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5221952","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:28","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seventeenth breeding-bird census. 34. Diked wet meadow","docAbstract":"Several characteristics of plumage, including color and molt schedule, are influenced by hormonal signals, and hence may be modified by endocrine active contaminants. If so, the functions of plumage (e.g. communication for mating or territorial defense), may be compromised by exposure to such compounds. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental toxins that can disrupt endocrine function in laboratory animals. Captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed PCBs (Aroclor 1242) at 6 and 60 ppm, thyroxine at 10 ppm, estradiol at 1.4 ppm, and a thyroid hormone blocker (propylthiouracil: PTU) at 2000 ppm, mixed in their normal diet. Plumage characteristics measured included: the width of the black subterminal band on the tail, brightness (a composite index of hue and saturation), reflectance from 230 - 800 nm (measured on a reflectance spectrophotometer), the pattern of feather loss and regrowth on the tail and wing, and the timing of onset and the duration of molt. PCB-treated birds did not differ from controls, but birds treated with thyroxine were significantly different from those dosed with estradiol or PTU in the width of subterminal tail bands, reflectance, and duration of molt. Thus, although hormone treatments did modify some of the plumage characteristics we measured, PCB treatments at these exposure levels did not. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., and Boyer, G., 2000, Seventeenth breeding-bird census. 34. Diked wet meadow: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21, no. 6, p. 354-355.","productDescription":"262 (abstract PWP086)","startPage":"354","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyer, G.F.","contributorId":9750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyer","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224171,"text":"5224171 - 2000 - The Japanese Quail as an avian model for testing endocrine disrupting chemicals: endocrine and behavioral end points","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:36","indexId":"5224171","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:13:17","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Japanese Quail as an avian model for testing endocrine disrupting chemicals: endocrine and behavioral end points","docAbstract":"Birds have extremely varied reproductive strategies. As such, the impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can greatly differ across avian species. Precocial species, such as Japanese quail appear to be most sensitive to EDC effects during embryonic development, particularly sexual differentiation. A great deal is known about the ontogeny of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) relative to endocrine, neuro-endocrine, and behavioral components of reproduction. Therefore, this species provides an excellent model for understanding effects of EDCs on reproductive biology with exposure at specific stages of the life cycle. The purpose of these experiments was to conduct a 1- or 2- generation experiment with positive or negative control chemicals and to determine changes in selected end points. Japanese quail embryos were exposed to estradiol benzoate (EB; positive control) in a 2-generation design or to fadrozole (FAD; negative control) in a 1-generation design. Embryonic EB treatment resulted in significant reductions (p< 0.5) in hen day production (90.2 vs 54.1; control vs EB, resp.) and fertility (85.3 vs 33.4%, control vs EB, resp.). Males showed sharply reduced courtship and mating behaviors as well as increased lag time (26 vs 148 sec; control vs EB) in behavioral tests. Fadrozole exposure resulted in reduced hatchability of fertile eggs, particularly at higher doses. There were no significant effects on courtship and mating behavior of males although males showed an increased lag time in their responses, nally, a behavioral test for studying motor and fear responses in young chicks was used; chicks exposed to an estrogenic pesticide (methoxychlor) showed some deficits. In summary, the use of appropriate and reliable end points that are responsive to endocrine disruption are critical for assessment of EDCs. Supported in part by EPA grant R826134.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Environmental Sciences in the 21st Century: Paradigms, opportunities, and challenges, Nashville, Tennessee, November 12-16.","usgsCitation":"Ottinger, M.A., Abdelnabi, M., Thompson, N., Wu, J., Henry, K., Humphries, E., and Henry, P., 2000, The Japanese Quail as an avian model for testing endocrine disrupting chemicals: endocrine and behavioral end points: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21.","startPage":"118 (abstr","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c07e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abdelnabi, M.A.","contributorId":41939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abdelnabi","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, N.","contributorId":87657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wu, J.","contributorId":56998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henry, K.","contributorId":47500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Humphries, E.","contributorId":36659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphries","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Henry, P.F.P.","contributorId":14531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"P.F.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5224167,"text":"5224167 - 2000 - Seventeenth breeding-bird census. 34. Diked wet meadow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5224167","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:13:16","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seventeenth breeding-bird census. 34. Diked wet meadow","docAbstract":"Several characteristics of plumage, including color and molt schedule, are influenced by hormonal signals, and hence may be modified by endocrine active contaminants. If so, the functions of plumage (e.g. communication for mating or territorial defense), may be compromised by exposure to such compounds. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental toxins that can disrupt endocrine function in laboratory animals. Captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed PCBs (Aroclor 1242) at 6 and 60 ppm, thyroxine at 10 ppm, estradiol at 1.4 ppm, and a thyroid hormone blocker (propylthiouracil: PTU) at 2000 ppm, mixed in their normal diet. Plumage characteristics measured included: the width of the black subterminal band on the tail, brightness (a composite index of hue and saturation), reflectance from 230 - 800 nm (measured on a reflectance spectrophotometer), the pattern of feather loss and regrowth on the tail and wing, and the timing of onset and the duration of molt. PCB-treated birds did not differ from controls, but birds treated with thyroxine were significantly different from those dosed with estradiol or PTU in the width of subterminal tail bands, reflectance, and duration of molt. Thus, although hormone treatments did modify some of the plumage characteristics we measured, PCB treatments at these exposure levels did not. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Environmental Sciences in the 21st Century: Paradigms, opportunities, and challenges, Nashville, Tennessee, November 12-16.","usgsCitation":"Quinn, M., Ottinger, M.A., and French, J., 2000, Seventeenth breeding-bird census. 34. Diked wet meadow: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21.","startPage":"262 (abstr","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4b91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinn, M.J.","contributorId":50990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"French, J.B. Jr.","contributorId":23252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"J.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70243551,"text":"70243551 - 2000 - Seismovolcanic signals at Deception Island volcano, Antarctica: Wave field analysis and source modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-11T16:06:04.921159","indexId":"70243551","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-30T10:51:03","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7167,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismovolcanic signals at Deception Island volcano, Antarctica: Wave field analysis and source modeling","docAbstract":"The seismovolcanic signals associated with the volcanic activity of Deception Island (Antarctica), recorded during three Antarctic summers (1994–1995, 1995–1996 and 1996–1997), are analyzed using a dense small-aperture (500 m) seismic array. The visual and spectral classification of the seismic events shows the existence of long-period and hybrid isolated seismic events, and of low-frequency, quasi-monochromatic and spasmodic continuous tremors. All spectra have the highest amplitudes in the frequency band between 1 and 4 Hz, while hybrids and spasmodic tremors have also significant amplitudes in the high-frequency band (4–10 Hz). The array analysis indicates that almost all the well-correlated low-frequency signals share similar array parameters (slowness and back azimuth) and have the same source area, close to the array site. The polarization analysis shows that phases at high-frequency are mostly composed of P waves, and those phases dominated by low frequencies can be interpreted as surface waves. No clear shear waves are evidenced. From the energy evaluation, we have found that the reduced displacement values for surface and body waves are confined in a narrow interval. Volcano-tectonic seismicity is located close to the array, at a depth shallower than 1 km. The wave-field properties of the seismovolcanic signals allow us to assume a unique source model, a shallow resonating fluid-filled crack system at a depth of some hundreds of meters. All of the seismic activity is interpreted as the response of a reasonably stable stationary geothermal process. The differences observed in the back azimuth between low and high frequencies are a near-field effect. A few episodes of the degassification process in an open conduit were observed and modeled with a simple organ pipe.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900013","usgsCitation":"Ibanez, J.M., Del, P.E., Almendros, J., La Rocca, M., Alguacil, G., Ortiz, R., and Garcia, A., 2000, Seismovolcanic signals at Deception Island volcano, Antarctica: Wave field analysis and source modeling: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B6, p. 13905-13931, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900013.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"13905","endPage":"13931","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":416966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Deception Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -60.437970993706145,\n -62.872572479771904\n ],\n [\n -60.816121387199445,\n -62.872572479771904\n ],\n [\n -60.816121387199445,\n -63.04369881735039\n ],\n [\n -60.437970993706145,\n -63.04369881735039\n ],\n [\n -60.437970993706145,\n -62.872572479771904\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ibanez, Jesus M.","contributorId":305322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ibanez","given":"Jesus","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Del, Pezzo E.","contributorId":107119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Del","given":"Pezzo","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Almendros, Javier 0000-0001-5936-6160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5936-6160","contributorId":305323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"Javier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"La Rocca, Mario","contributorId":305324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"La Rocca","given":"Mario","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alguacil, Gerardo","contributorId":305325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alguacil","given":"Gerardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ortiz, Ramon","contributorId":305326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ortiz","given":"Ramon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garcia, Alicia","contributorId":305327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Alicia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5200237,"text":"5200237 - 2000 - Environmental Contaminants and Terrestrial Vertebrates: Effects on Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5200237","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":210,"text":"SETAC Special Publications Series.","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"title":"Environmental Contaminants and Terrestrial Vertebrates: Effects on Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems","docAbstract":"The desire of resource managers, risk assessors, and the general public to better understand the consequences of environmental contamination has produced a strong and growing need for information on the effects of contaminants on populations and groups of species, and over moderate to large areas of land or water. However, the problems associated with research involving populations and groups of species or large and complex geographic areas, especially in terrestrial environments, are well known within the scientific community. With the previous thoughts in mind, an interactive symposium was held at the University of Maryland in October 1998. The purpose of the symposium was to review and critically evaluate our understanding of the effects of contaminants on terrestrial vertebrates at levels of organization above that of the individual. Invited background and technical presentations provided a common baseline of information for symposium participants. Discussion groups were then asked to critically evaluate the topics of two technical sessions. Several presentations of recent or ongoing research provided participants with examples of current approaches to assessments of the effects of contaminants on terrestrial vertebrates at the population or higher level of organization. The book consists of 10 chapters written by presenters at the symposium and three chapters conveying the reports of discussion group.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL","collaboration":"OCLC: 43286528. Symposium on Environmental Contaminants and Terrestrial Vertebrates: Effects on Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems (1998 : College Park, Md.)","usgsCitation":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2000, Environmental Contaminants and Terrestrial Vertebrates: Effects on Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems: SETAC Special Publications Series., xxii, 344.","productDescription":"xxii, 344","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6025b0"} ,{"id":5211086,"text":"5211086 - 2000 - Studying wildlife at local and landscape scales: Bachman's Sparrows at the Savannah River Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5211086","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Studying wildlife at local and landscape scales: Bachman's Sparrows at the Savannah River Site","docAbstract":"In the late 1980s and early 1990s, mutual research interests between land managers at the Savannah River Site and biologists at the University of Georgia resulted in a landscape-ecology study of the Bachman's Sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis). This species had been declining throughout its range for several decades and was considered a species of management concern by the U.S. Forest Service. The reasons for its decline were obscure, but the distribution of suitable habitat across complex landscapes was a possible factor. Thus the species seemed well suited for a pioneer study on landscape influences on avian population dynamics. A cooperative research program developed from these mutual interests, including quantifying the landscape and local habitat patterns shown by the sparrow, spatially explicit modeling of population response to landscape change, and demographic field studies of reproductive success, survivorship and dispersal. These studies are summarized, and the value of the research to both management and research interests is discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avian Research as the Savannah River Site: Model for integrating basic research and long-term management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"This SAB has a combined Literature Cited section. PDF on file: 5623_Dunning.pdf","usgsCitation":"Dunning, J., Danielson, B., Watts, B., Liu, L., and Krementz, D., 2000, Studying wildlife at local and landscape scales: Bachman's Sparrows at the Savannah River Site, chap. of Avian Research as the Savannah River Site: Model for integrating basic research and long-term management, p. 75-80.","productDescription":"170","startPage":"75","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"170","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c6c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dunning, John B.= Jr.","contributorId":111902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.=","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507589,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilgo, John C.","contributorId":112955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgo","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507590,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dunning, J.B. Jr.","contributorId":25908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"J.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danielson, B.J.","contributorId":13351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watts, B.D.","contributorId":54703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, L.","contributorId":18481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5211077,"text":"5211077 - 2000 - Early avian research at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina: historical highlights and possibilities for the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5211077","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Early avian research at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina: historical highlights and possibilities for the future","docAbstract":"Avian biology and collection of baseline population data was a major part of the first decade (1951-1961) of field research at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Baseline inventories involving organisms and land-use types were part of the mission in the early contracts between the Atomic Energy Commission (now the Department of Energy) and the University of Georgia prior to the establishment of the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) as a National Environmental Research Park Laboratory. About 27% of the SREL publications during this first decade dealt with birds. Since that time, research on the SRS landscape has expanded and broadened with less than 10% of the publications dealing with birds. SRS changed also from an agriculturally dominated area with ca. 40% open areas (fields, crops, pastures) to a timber-managed area with ca. 80% forests, 12% open areas, and 2% open water impoundments. Baseline breeding bird populations of the SRS in the 1950s were typical for the region with avian species richness and density increasing with the age and succession of the vegetation (0-26 species and densities of 0-741 pairs/km2 for the habitats surveyed). During the first decade at the SRS, the resident game bird population of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) increased and the Mourning Dove (Zenaida rnacroura) population, a migratory upland game bird, remained stable. Current avian research efforts, as well as new opportunities to reexamine the breeding bird populations and the landscape of SRS, will provide a better understanding of the potential causes of declines of neotropical migratory birds, declines of resident and migratory game birds, and how habitat influences invasions and extinctions of breeding birds in the region. Emphasis for future research and monitoring should be on neotropical migratory bird populations in decline (Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus; Eastern Wood-Pewee, Contopus virens; Wood Thrush, Hylocichla mustelina; Prairie Warbler, Dendroica discolor; and Painted Bunting, Passerina ciris), resident species in decline (e.g., Loggerhead Shrike, Lanius ludovicianus), certain species groups (e.g., waterfowl and wading birds), important habitat, and recent invasions and extinctions of breeding species. Old growth forested wetlands should be monitored because of the large number of neotropical migratory birds that depend on this habitat in the southeastern United States. A variety of survey techniques will be needed to determine population trends: line transects, call or song playbacks, roadside point surveys (call counts for game birds), aerial surveys, and presence or absence of species within stratified areas of SRS. The SRS provides opportunity for avian research at the landscape level with the potential to solve problems important to the survival of many bird populations as well as to increase our knowledge on how to manage and conserve our avian natural resources for the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avian Research as the Savannah River Site: Model for integrating basic research and long-term management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"This SAB has a combined Literature Cited section. PDF on file: 5586_Meyers.pdf","usgsCitation":"Meyers, J., and Odum, E., 2000, Early avian research at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina: historical highlights and possibilities for the future, chap. of Avian Research as the Savannah River Site: Model for integrating basic research and long-term management, p. 18-31.","productDescription":"170","startPage":"18","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"170","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c269","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dunning, John B.= Jr.","contributorId":111902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.=","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507587,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilgo, John C.","contributorId":112955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgo","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507588,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odum, E.P.","contributorId":43890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211067,"text":"5211067 - 2000 - Releasing captive-reared masked bobwhite for population recovery: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:25","indexId":"5211067","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Releasing captive-reared masked bobwhite for population recovery: A review","docAbstract":"Efforts to re-establish the endangered masked bobwhite (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) to it's former southern Arizona range have been ongoing since establishment of the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge in 1986. Pre-release conditioning techniques developed prior to Refuge establishment continued to be utilized in an effort to improve post-release survival of captive-reared masked bobwhite chicks. Foremost among these techniques was the use of wild Texas bobwhite (C. v. texanus) males as foster parents which were paired with all broods released on the Refuge. The efficacy of this technique was evaluated using radio telemetry in 1994, and the results indicated that the use of foster Texas males was not as effective as had been presumed because post-release chick survival was poor. Therefore, in 1995 pre-release conditioning protocol were modified in an effort to improve post-release survival. The primary intent of these modifications was to emphasize wild behavior among chicks prior to release. Modifications to established protocol included imprinting chicks to adult bobwhites immediately after eggs hatched and exposing 1-to-2 day old chicks to natural foods (insects and seeds) while they were in brooder units. Foster parents and their respective broods were then placed in flight pens that mimicked the natural conditions that would confront broods upon release. Family groups were held in flight pens for several weeks for acclimatization purposes and then transported to temporary enclosures erected at release sites where they were held for a week and then released. Finally all releases were conducted during fall after covey formation was apparent to ensure that foster parents and released chicks remained with a group of birds. Preliminary results indicated that post-release chick survival was higher than what was observed in 1994. Pre-conditioning research will continue in an effort to further quantify post-release survival of masked bobwhite chicks. Although the results of this research project are preliminary, it is possible that pre-release conditioning techniques developed for masked bobwhites will prove useful to quail reestablishment efforts throughout North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quail IV: proceedings of the Fourth National Quail Symposium, May 6-9, 1997","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Tall Timbers Research Station","publisherLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","usgsCitation":"Gall, S., Kuvlesky, W., and Gee, G., 2000, Releasing captive-reared masked bobwhite for population recovery: A review, chap. of Quail IV: proceedings of the Fourth National Quail Symposium, May 6-9, 1997, p. 147-152.","productDescription":"254","startPage":"147","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"254","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6059e8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brennan, L.A.","contributorId":78490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507565,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, W.E.","contributorId":113584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507568,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burger, L.W. Jr.","contributorId":113538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"L.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507567,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pruden, T.L.","contributorId":112568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruden","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507566,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Gall, S.A.","contributorId":41563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gall","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuvlesky, W.P. Jr.","contributorId":71674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuvlesky","given":"W.P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gee, G.","contributorId":64768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211060,"text":"5211060 - 2000 - Approaches for assessment of terrestrial vertebrate responses to contaminants: moving beyond individual organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5211060","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Approaches for assessment of terrestrial vertebrate responses to contaminants: moving beyond individual organisms","docAbstract":"Conclusions: A need for a broader range ofinformation on effects of contaminants on individuals exists among the 4 classes of terrestrial vertebrates, especially mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Separation of contaminant effects from other effects and reduction of speculative extrapolation within and among species requires information that can be produced only by combined field and laboratory investigations that incorporate seasonal or annual cycles and important spatial and interaction conditions. Assessments of contaminant effects at the population level and higher are frequently dependent on extrapolations from a lower organizational level. Actual measurements of the effects of contaminants on populations or communities, possibly in conjunction with case studies that establish relations between effects on individuals and effects on populations, are needed to reduce the uncertainty associated with these extrapolations. Associated with these assessment levels is the need for acceptable definitions of what we mean when we refer to a 'meaningful population change' or an 'effect on communities or ecosystems.' At these higher levels of organization we are also confronted with the need for procedures useful for separating contaminant effects from effects caused by other environmental conditions. Although the bulk of literature surveyed was of the focused cause-and-effect type that is necessary for proving relations between contaminants and wildlife, community or ecosystem field assessments, as sometimes performed with reptiles and amphibians, might be a useful alternative for estimating the potential of a contaminant to cause environmental harm. Assumptions about the special usefulness of reptiles and amphibians as environmental indicators ought to be tested with comparisons to mammals and birds. Information on the effects of contaminants above the individual level is needed to generate accurate estimates of the potential consequences of anthropogenic pollution (e.g., ecological risk assessments). However, realized population, or higher, levels of effects should not be part of regulatory guidelines because the threshold of harm would be too high to be used as a catalyst for action. Measures of realized population or community effects could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of regulatory actions and assess chronic or difficult environmental problems. Some of these information needs can be satisfied with modest effort and expense, but much of the suggested work that incorporates great complexity or long duration is likely to be difficult to accomplish. Cooperation among investigators with different specialties and a willingness by government, academia, and corporate organizations to support the most challenging work will be necessary. Because we are unlikely to have the financial resources to evaluate more than a small number of contaminants for effects at the levels of population, community, or ecosystem, we might need to thoroughly study a few contaminants and then extend the findings to functionally similar contaminants. If sufficient cooperation and organizational support does not materialize, the pursuit of estimation methods will overshadow the collection of actual information on relations between contaminants and wildlife.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Contaminants and Terrestrial Vertebrates: Effects on Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL","collaboration":"OCLC: 43286528. Symposium on Environmental Contaminants and Terrestrial Vertebrates: Effects on Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems (1998 : College Park, Md.)","usgsCitation":"Albers, P., Heinz, G.H., and Hall, R., 2000, Approaches for assessment of terrestrial vertebrate responses to contaminants: moving beyond individual organisms, chap. of Environmental Contaminants and Terrestrial Vertebrates: Effects on Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems, p. 109-148.","productDescription":"xxii, 344","startPage":"109","endPage":"148","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a2e3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Albers, Peter H.","contributorId":112805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507545,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinz, Gary H.","contributorId":85698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507544,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohlendorf, Harry M.","contributorId":60291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507543,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, R.J.","contributorId":32885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211102,"text":"5211102 - 2000 - Assessing habitat selection in Spring by male American Woodcock in Maine with a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5211102","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Assessing habitat selection in Spring by male American Woodcock in Maine with a geographic information system","docAbstract":"Geographic information system (GIS) technology was used to identify habitats available to and used by male American woodcock (Scolopax minor) equipped with radio transmitters--54 in 1987, 51 in 1988, 46 in 1989 at Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge, Maine. Woodcock were monitored from time of capture (25 March-15 April) to 15 June each year. To determine habitat selection by male woodcock, the following habitat characteristics were measured: land cover, age and stocking density of the forest overstory, soil drainage and texture, aspect, and percent slope. Habitat selection was examined as affected by the covariates weather and age-class of woodcock, and among years for diurnal and crepuscular periods of the breeding period. Multivariate techniques that compare use and availability of habitats were not available, so a statistical model was developed to rate importance of multiple habitat characteristics selected by woodcock. The most critical period for woodcock in terms of survival was from arrival to: mid-April. Second-year and after-second-year woodcock did not select different (P > 0.05) habitat types, but they did select different types among years and within breeding intervals (P < 0.05). In years when weather was moderate, woodcock selected young, dense stands of speckled alder (Alnus rugosa) and hardwoods, interspersed with forest openings. Suitable habitat can be maintained by creating an uneven-aged forest managed in even-aged blocks composed of several hardwood species. Managers can now quantify suitable woodcock habitat in a GIS and plan large-scale forest-harvesting strategies using data on several habitat characteristics (e.g., land cover, stand age, stocking density, soil drainage and texture, and aspect).","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","collaboration":" PDF on file: see 5684_McAuley.pdf 8.8 MB","usgsCitation":"Sprankle, K., Sepik, G., McAuley, D., and Longcore, J.R., 2000, Assessing habitat selection in Spring by male American Woodcock in Maine with a geographic information system, chap. of Proceedings of the Ninth American Woodcock Symposium.","productDescription":"viii, 117","startPage":"117 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a83","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G. dmcauley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcauley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":507618,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruggink, John G.","contributorId":34990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruggink","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507619,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepik, Greg F.","contributorId":100055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepik","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507620,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Sprankle, K.E.","contributorId":12601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprankle","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepik, G.F.","contributorId":101348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepik","given":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5211169,"text":"5211169 - 2000 - Modeling the distribution of neotropical birds throughout the Americas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5211169","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modeling the distribution of neotropical birds throughout the Americas","docAbstract":"I assessed tbe geographic information system (GIS) model and data layers used to create individual Neotropical bird species distribution maps from habitat data contained in the Ecological and Distributional Databases in 'Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation' by D.F. Stotz, J.W. Fitzpatrick, T.A. Parker Ill, and D.K. Moskovits.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Extended abstracts from BioGeo99: Applications to geospatial technology to biological sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Thomas, I., 2000, Modeling the distribution of neotropical birds throughout the Americas, chap. of Extended abstracts from BioGeo99: Applications to geospatial technology to biological sciences.","productDescription":"viii, 43","startPage":"6 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bd1f1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Handley, Lawrence R. handleyl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handley","given":"Lawrence","email":"handleyl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":507662,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Erchia, Frank J.","contributorId":70834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Erchia","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507664,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Charron, Tammy M.","contributorId":17679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charron","given":"Tammy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507663,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, I.","contributorId":18484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5211281,"text":"5211281 - 2000 - A removal model for estimating detection probabilities from point-count surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5211281","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A removal model for estimating detection probabilities from point-count surveys","docAbstract":"We adapted a removal model to estimate detection probability during point count surveys. The model assumes one factor influencing detection during point counts is the singing frequency of birds. This may be true for surveys recording forest songbirds when most detections are by sound. The model requires counts to be divided into several time intervals. We used time intervals of 2, 5, and 10 min to develop a maximum-likelihood estimator for the detectability of birds during such surveys. We applied this technique to data from bird surveys conducted in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. We used model selection criteria to identify whether detection probabilities varied among species, throughout the morning, throughout the season, and among different observers. The overall detection probability for all birds was 75%. We found differences in detection probability among species. Species that sing frequently such as Winter Wren and Acadian Flycatcher had high detection probabilities (about 90%) and species that call infrequently such as Pileated Woodpecker had low detection probability (36%). We also found detection probabilities varied with the time of day for some species (e.g. thrushes) and between observers for other species. This method of estimating detectability during point count surveys offers a promising new approach to using count data to address questions of the bird abundance, density, and population trends.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Living on the Edge -- Birds 2000: Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","publisherLocation":"St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada","collaboration":"Program for the One Hundred and Eighteenth Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union in conjunction with the 19th Annual Meeting of the Society of Canadian Ornithologists, Societe des Ornithologistes du Canada and the British Ornithologists' Union, August 14-19, 2000. OCLC: 45282415","usgsCitation":"Farnsworth, G., Pollock, K.H., Nichols, J., Simons, T., Hines, J., and Sauer, J., 2000, A removal model for estimating detection probabilities from point-count surveys, chap. of Living on the Edge -- Birds 2000: Abstracts, p. 28-29.","productDescription":"154","startPage":"28","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"154","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farnsworth, G.L.","contributorId":29533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farnsworth","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5211282,"text":"5211282 - 2000 - Painted Bunting Breeding Bird Survey trends associated with landscape changes in Georgia and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5211282","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Painted Bunting Breeding Bird Survey trends associated with landscape changes in Georgia and South Carolina","docAbstract":"Landscape changes during the first 3 decades of the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) may account for the Painted Bunting's declining population trend. In the southeastern U.S., it is estimated that this bunting has declined 3.5 % per year since 1966. I collected landscape data centered on identical 5-stop areas (n = 33, 306 ha each) of the BBS during early (1960s - 1970s) and late decades (1980s - 1990s). Peak 30-yr counts for Painted Buntings were found at the center of the 5-stop areas. I used stepwise multiple regression analysis to model the mean number of Painted Buntings (in the area during 3 yr, dependent variable) associated with landscape metrics (independent variables). During the early decades the average amount of edge on developed land (p = 0.10), average patch size of agriculture land (p = 0.01), average size of shrub-scrub and young forest (p = 0.09), and average amount of edge for emergent wetlands (p = 0.03) explained 40% of the variation in Painted Buntings counts. In the late decades average amount of edge on developed land (p = 0.04) and average amount of edge on emergent wetlands (p = 0.005) explained 35% of the variation in Painted Bunting counts. Large losses of agricultural land (proportion = 0.177 to 0.094), which was developed or converted to intensively managed pin plantations, may have reduced potential bunting breeding habitat. Shrub-scrub and young forest habitat was constant (proportion = 0.136 to 0.134) but did not affect mean counts of buntings in the late decades. Protected emergent wetlands remained constnat also from the early to late decades (proportion = 0.056 to 0.06) and may provide habitat to maintain a smaller Painted Bunting population. At this time, it's unclear how develped land, which is increasing (proportion = 0.036 to 0.088), may be affecting the Painted Bunting population in GS and SC.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Living on the Edge -- Birds 2000: Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","publisherLocation":"St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada","collaboration":"Program for the One Hundred and Eighteenth Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union in conjunction with the 19th Annual Meeting of the Society of Canadian Ornithologists, Societe des Ornithologistes du Canada and the British Ornithologists' Union, August 14-19, 2000. OCLC: 45282415","usgsCitation":"Meyers, J., 2000, Painted Bunting Breeding Bird Survey trends associated with landscape changes in Georgia and South Carolina, chap. of Living on the Edge -- Birds 2000: Abstracts, p. 35-36.","productDescription":"154","startPage":"35","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"154","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5211280,"text":"5211280 - 2000 - The role of population monitoring in the management of North American waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5211280","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The role of population monitoring in the management of North American waterfowl","docAbstract":"Despite the effort and expense devoted to large-scale monitoring programs, few existing programs have been designed with specific objectives in mind and few permit strong inferences about the dynamics of monitored systems. The waterfowl population monitoring programs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Canadian Wildlife Service and state and provincial agencies provide a nice example with respect to program objectives, design and implementation. The May Breeding Grounds Survey provides an estimate of system state (population size) that serves two primary purposes in the adaptive management process: identifying the appropriate time-specific management actions and updating the information state (model weights) by providing a basis for evaluating predictions of competing models. Other waterfowl monitoring programs (e.g., banding program, hunter questionnaire survey, parts collection survey, winter survey) provide estimates of vital rates (rates of survival, reproduction and movement) associated with system dynamics and variables associated with management objectives (e.g., harvest). The reliability of estimates resulting from monitoring programs depends strongly on whether considerations about spatial variation and detection probability have been adequately incorporated into program design and implementation. Certain waterfowl surveys again provide nice examples of monitoring programs that incorporate these considerations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Living on the Edge -- Birds 2000: Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","publisherLocation":"St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada","collaboration":"Program for the One Hundred and Eighteenth Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union in conjunction with the 19th Annual Meeting of the Society of Canadian Ornithologists, Societe des Ornithologistes du Canada and the British Ornithologists' Union, August 14-19, 2000. OCLC: 45282415","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Williams, B.K., and Johnson, F., 2000, The role of population monitoring in the management of North American waterfowl, chap. of Living on the Edge -- Birds 2000: Abstracts.","productDescription":"154","startPage":"5 abstract","numberOfPages":"154","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640dd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Fred A.","contributorId":93863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5210994,"text":"5210994 - 2000 - Population and habitat viability assessments for Golden-cheeked Warblers and Black-capped Vireos: Usefulness to Partners in Flight Conservation Planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5210994","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Population and habitat viability assessments for Golden-cheeked Warblers and Black-capped Vireos: Usefulness to Partners in Flight Conservation Planning","docAbstract":"Golden-cheeked Warblers and Black-capped Vireos are Neotropical migratory birds that are federally listed as endangered. Recovery plans for both species advise the use of viability modeling as a tool for setting specific recovery and management targets. Population and Habitat Viability Assessment workshops were conducted to develop population targets and conservation recommendations for these species. Results of the workshops were based on modeling demographic and environmental factors, as well as discussions of management issues, management options, and public outreach strategies. The approach is intended to be iterative, and to be tracked by research and monitoring efforts. This paper discusses the consensus-building workshop process and how the approach could be useful to Partners in Flight. Population and Habitat Viability Assessments (PHVA) were used to develop population targets and conservation recommendations for Golden-cheeked Warblers (Dendroica chrysoparia) and Black-capped Vireos (Vireo atricapillus). This paper explains what PHVAs are, discusses how they are conducted, describes the general results that are produced, and suggests how Partners in Flight (PIF) might use a similar process for bird conservation planning. Detailed results of the assessments are not discussed here; however they can be found elsewhere (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1996a, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1996b). PHVAs were considered for Golden-cheeked Warblers and Black-capped Vireos because they are controversial, endangered species, and the species? recovery plans list PHVAs as tools to develop recovery recommendations. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) realized that the data needed to perform PHVAs for these species is limited, but that various conservation efforts, such as the Balcones Canyonlands Conservation Plan and other endeavors, were proceeding without benefit of the biological summarization and guidance that a PHVA could provide.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, UT","collaboration":" ","usgsCitation":"Beardmore, C., and Hatfield, J., 2000, Population and habitat viability assessments for Golden-cheeked Warblers and Black-capped Vireos: Usefulness to Partners in Flight Conservation Planning, chap. of Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 60-62.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"60","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682b9a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507455,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507456,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507454,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507453,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Beardmore, C.J.","contributorId":70882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beardmore","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211037,"text":"5211037 - 2000 - Establishment of warm season grasses with and without the use of compost soil amendments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5211037","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Establishment of warm season grasses with and without the use of compost soil amendments","docAbstract":"Two compost materials (COMPRO and LEAFGRO) were evaluated as soil amendments to enhance wildlife habitats, while maintaining optimal floral and faunal biodiversity. Special emphasis was placed on the role of compost in the establishment and retention of native warm season grasses (Andropogon gerardi, Schizachyrium scoparium, and Sorghastrum nutans). This study was conducted at two sites that were degraded by previous military and farming operations. Sites were plowed twice in 1996 and then a one inch layer of COMPRO or LEAFGRO was applied with a modified manure spreader and disked into the soil to a depth of 3 inches. Vegetation sampling was conducted in 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999. Initially the greatest vegetation cover occurred in plots treated with LEAFGRO. Plots treated with COMPRO had less vegetation cover than both types of controls plots (with and without warmseason grasses). The reduced plant growth in the plots treated with COMPRO may have been related to the much higher soil pH of these plots on both sites. In subsequent years, amounts of warm season grasses increased, however, in general there was more cover of warm season grasses in plots that did not receive compost than those that did receive compost. Sorghastrum nutans was more abundant on the sites than either of the other two species of warm season grasses. Invertebrate and mammal data collected for three years indicated that there was not more faunal activity in the plots treated with LEAFGRO or COMPRO compost soil amendments. Results indicate that compost amendments did not improve establishment of warm season grasses and the resultant faunal diversity or abundance.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Second Eastern Native Grass Symposium held in Baltimore, Maryland, November 17-19","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Agricultural Research Service, Natural Resources Conservation Service","publisherLocation":"Beltsville, Md.","collaboration":"OCLC: 44137048","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., Osenton, P., Gough, G., and Lohnes, E., 2000, Establishment of warm season grasses with and without the use of compost soil amendments, chap. of Proceedings of the Second Eastern Native Grass Symposium held in Baltimore, Maryland, November 17-19, p. 244-248.","productDescription":"vi, 360","startPage":"244","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osenton, P.C.","contributorId":20441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osenton","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, G.A.","contributorId":105013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lohnes, E.J.R.","contributorId":11728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohnes","given":"E.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5210997,"text":"5210997 - 2000 - Monitoring survival rates of landbirds at varying spatial scales: An application of the MAPS Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5210997","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Monitoring survival rates of landbirds at varying spatial scales: An application of the MAPS Program","docAbstract":"Survivorship is a primary demographic parameter affecting population dynamics, and thus trends in species abundance. The Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) program is a cooperative effort designed to monitor landbird demographic parameters. A principle goal of MAPS is to estimate annual survivorship and identify spatial patterns and temporal trends in these rates. We evaluated hypotheses of spatial patterns in survival rates among a collection of neighboring sampling sites, such as within national forests, among biogeographic provinces, and between breeding populations that winter in either Central or South America, and compared these geographic-specific models to a model of a common survival rate among all sampling sites. We used data collected during 1992-1995 from Swainson's Thrush (Cathorus ustulatus) populations in the western region of the United States. We evaluated the ability to detect spatial and temporal patterns of survivorship with simulated data. We found weak evidence of spatial differences in survival rates at the local scale of 'location,' which typically contained 3 mist-netting stations. There was little evidence of differences in survival rates among biogeographic provinces or between populations that winter in either Central or South America. When data were pooled for a regional estimate of survivorship, the percent relative bias due to pooling 'locations' was <1%. With the pooled data, we estimated a 44% annual regional survival rate; this low estimated survival rate was likely due to the presence of transients in the population (Rosenberg and others 1999). Using simulated data, we found that power to detect spatial differences increased considerably with number of years and spatial scale, the latter reflecting larger sample size. Detection of trends at smaller spatial scales required > 12 years of monitoring. Detection of spatial patterns and temporal trends in survival rates from local to regional scales will provide important information for management and future research directed toward conservation of landbirds.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, UT","usgsCitation":"Rosenberg, D., DeSante, D., and Hines, J., 2000, Monitoring survival rates of landbirds at varying spatial scales: An application of the MAPS Program, chap. of Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 178-184.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"178","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa6f8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507467,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507468,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507466,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507465,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberg, D.K.","contributorId":31505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeSante, D.F.","contributorId":70514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSante","given":"D.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211054,"text":"5211054 - 2000 - Creating and managing wetland impoundments to provide habitat for aquatic birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5211054","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Creating and managing wetland impoundments to provide habitat for aquatic birds","docAbstract":"Patuxent Research Refuge, located in Central Maryland (USA), has approximately 140 ha of impoundments that were constructed for recreational and wildlife conservation purposes. Impoundments are of three major designs: dammed ravines, excavated basins, and diked ponds. Over 50 species of wetland plants were transplanted to impoundments of Patuxent from many parts of the United States between 1945 and 1963 to determine the species best suited for establishment in tannin-stained infertile waters. The wood duck was the only waterfowl species commonly observed on the Refuge when the area was established, but Canada geese, mallards, and black ducks, were introduced and numerous techniques developed to improve nesting and brood habitat. Twenty-six waterfowl species and 80 species of other water birds have used the impoundments for resting, feeding, or nesting. Management is now conducted to optimize avian biodiversity. Management techniques include drawdowns of water every 3-5 years in most impoundments to provide maximum plant and invertebrate food resources for wildlife. Research on the impounded wetlands at Patuxent has included evaluation of vegetation in regard to water level management, improving nest box design to reduce use of boxes by starlings, imprinting of waterfowl to elevated nesting structures to reduce predation on nests, and drawdown techniques to increase macroinvertebrates. Data on waterfowl abundance are evaluated relative to management activities and a preliminary computer model for management of the impoundments has been developed. Past, present, and future management and research projects are reviewed in this paper.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and aquatic birds, monitoring, modelling and management: Second International Symposium on Limnology and Aquatic Birds, Monitoring, Modelling and Management, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, November 24-27, 1997","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan","publisherLocation":"Merida, Mexico","collaboration":"OCLC: 44828344 International Symposium on Limnology and Aquatic Birds (2nd : 1997 : Merida, Yucatan, Mexico)","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., Kangas, P., and Obrecht, H., 2000, Creating and managing wetland impoundments to provide habitat for aquatic birds, chap. of Limnology and aquatic birds, monitoring, modelling and management: Second International Symposium on Limnology and Aquatic Birds, Monitoring, Modelling and Management, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, November 24-27, 1997, p. 261-279.","productDescription":"xi, 305","startPage":"261","endPage":"279","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683408","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Comin, Francisco A.","contributorId":112528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comin","given":"Francisco","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507535,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrera-Silveira, Jorge A.","contributorId":112572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrera-Silveira","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507536,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramirez-Ramirez, Javier","contributorId":112724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramirez-Ramirez","given":"Javier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507537,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kangas, P.","contributorId":86462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kangas","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obrecht, H.H. III","contributorId":18868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obrecht","given":"H.H.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5210987,"text":"5210987 - 2000 - Monitoring is not enough: on the need for a model-based approach to migratory bird management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5210987","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Monitoring is not enough: on the need for a model-based approach to migratory bird management","docAbstract":"Informed management requires information about system state and about effects of potential management actions on system state. Population monitoring can provide the needed information about system state, as well as information that can be used to investigate effects of management actions. Three methods for investigating effects of management on bird populations are (1) retrospective analysis, (2) formal experimentation and constrained-design studies, and (3) adaptive management. Retrospective analyses provide weak inferences, regardless of the quality of the monitoring data. The active use of monitoring data in experimental or constrained-design studies or in adaptive management is recommended. Under both approaches, learning occurs via the comparison of estimates from the monitoring program with predictions from competing management models.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, Utah","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., 2000, Monitoring is not enough: on the need for a model-based approach to migratory bird management, chap. of Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process. Proceedings of the 3rd Partners in Flight Workshop, Cape May, New Jersey, October 1-5, 1995, p. 121-123.","productDescription":"281","startPage":"121","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6990fc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonney, Rick","contributorId":112611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonney","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507427,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507428,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert","contributorId":112521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507426,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niles, Larry","contributorId":94189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507425,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79803,"text":"ofr2000491 - 2000 - Statistical Approaches to Interpretation of Local, Regional, and National Highway-Runoff and Urban-Stormwater Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"ofr2000491","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-491","title":"Statistical Approaches to Interpretation of Local, Regional, and National Highway-Runoff and Urban-Stormwater Data","docAbstract":"Decision makers need viable methods for the interpretation of local, regional, and national-highway runoff and urban-stormwater data including flows, concentrations and loads of chemical constituents and sediment, potential effects on receiving waters, and the potential effectiveness of various best management practices (BMPs). Valid (useful for intended purposes), current, and technically defensible stormwater-runoff models are needed to interpret data collected in field studies, to support existing highway and urban-runoffplanning processes, to meet National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requirements, and to provide methods for computation of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) systematically and economically.\r\n\r\nHistorically, conceptual, simulation, empirical, and statistical models of varying levels of detail, complexity, and uncertainty have been used to meet various data-quality objectives in the decision-making processes necessary for the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of highways and for other land-use applications. Water-quality simulation models attempt a detailed representation of the physical processes and mechanisms at a given site. Empirical and statistical regional water-quality assessment models provide a more general picture of water quality or changes in water quality over a region. All these modeling techniques share one common aspect-their predictive ability is poor without suitable site-specific data for calibration.\r\n\r\nTo properly apply the correct model, one must understand the classification of variables, the unique characteristics of water-resources data, and the concept of population structure and analysis. Classifying variables being used to analyze data may determine which statistical methods are appropriate for data analysis. An understanding of the characteristics of water-resources data is necessary to evaluate the applicability of different statistical methods, to interpret the results of these techniques, and to use tools and techniques that account for the unique nature of water-resources data sets. Populations of data on stormwater-runoff quantity and quality are often best modeled as logarithmic transformations. Therefore, these factors need to be considered to form valid, current, and technically defensible stormwater-runoff models.\r\n\r\nRegression analysis is an accepted method for interpretation of water-resources data and for prediction of current or future conditions at sites that fit the input data model. Regression analysis is designed to provide an estimate of the average response of a system as it relates to variation in one or more known variables. To produce valid models, however, regression analysis should include visual analysis of scatterplots, an examination of the regression equation, evaluation of the method design assumptions, and regression diagnostics. A number of statistical techniques are described in the text and in the appendixes to provide information necessary to interpret data by use of appropriate methods.\r\n\r\nUncertainty is an important part of any decisionmaking process. In order to deal with uncertainty problems, the analyst needs to know the severity of the statistical uncertainty of the methods used to predict water quality. Statistical models need to be based on information that is meaningful, representative, complete, precise, accurate, and comparable to be deemed valid, up to date, and technically supportable. To assess uncertainty in the analytical tools, the modeling methods, and the underlying data set, all of these components need be documented and communicated in an accessible format within project publications.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000491","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (A Contribution to the National Highway Runoff Data and Methodology Synthesis)","usgsCitation":"Tasker, G.D., and Granato, G., 2000, Statistical Approaches to Interpretation of Local, Regional, and National Highway-Runoff and Urban-Stormwater Data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-491, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000491.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9500,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00-491/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3b5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":95035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28374,"text":"wri994157 - 2000 - Effects of ground-water withdrawals on the Rock River and associated valley aquifer, eastern Rock County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T13:13:41","indexId":"wri994157","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4157","title":"Effects of ground-water withdrawals on the Rock River and associated valley aquifer, eastern Rock County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"A better understanding of the ground-water and surface-water resources of the Rock River Valley in southwestern Minnesota was needed due to concerns surrounding future reliable sources of water for public supply. The Rock River Valley aquifer consists of a surficial sand and gravel unit that underlies the entire Rock River Valley and a buried sand and gravel unit that is present only in the vicinity of the Luverne Municipal and Airport well fields. The surficial and buried units of the aquifer are separated by a clay and till layer ranging in thickness from 1 to 38 feet. The combined maximum saturated thickness of the aquifer is 52 feet, with a median of 22 feet. The thickness of the buried unit ranges from 3 to 17 feet. Recharge to the Rock River Valley aquifer occurs primarily by infiltration of precipitation to the saturated zone (areal recharge) and by induced infiltration from the Rock River due to withdrawals from supply wells near the river. Discharge from the aquifer occurs primarily as leakage to streams and ground-water evapotranspiration.
\nThe water budget for the calibrated steady-state simulation indicated that areal recharge accounts for 38 percent of the sources of water to the Rock River Valley aquifer and leakage from streams contributes 58.7 percent. The largest discharge from the aquifer is leakage to streams, (71.1 percent). The net stream-aquifer leakage is approximately 5 cubic feet per second from the aquifer to the streams. The simulated contributing areas for the wells in the three well fields generally extend to the aquifer boundaries on the west and are generally truncated at the Rock River. The simulated transient water budget for 1996 indicated that the principal sources of water to the aquifer were as follows: (1) winter, spring, and late summer stress periods— leakage from streams and water released from storage and (2) early summer and fall stress periods—areal recharge and leakage from streams. The principal discharges from the aquifer were leakage to streams for all stress periods, ground-water evapotranspiration for the early and late summer stress periods, and addition to storage for the early summer and fall stress periods.
\nThe herbicides atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, acetachlor, and cyanazine, and metabolites of these herbicides, occurred in concentrations of 0.05 to 11.5 micrograms per liter in the Rock River at Luverne during major runoff events following application of herbicides in the spring. Atrazine and metabolites, alachlor ESA (a metabolite of alachlor), metolachlor and metabolites, metolachlor ESA and metolachlor OA, and acetochlor metabolites acetochlor ESA and acetochlor OA, were detected at concentrations of 0.05 to 2.8 micrograms per liter in municipal supply wells less than 500 feet from the river during November 1995 through August 1997. The Rock River is the major source of the herbicides and metabolites. However, concentrations of atrazine and metabolites, alachlor ESA, metolachlor ESA, and metolachlor OA in supply wells may also reflect sources of these herbicides and metabolites in the ground-water contributing areas to the supply wells. Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations in supply wells and in the ground-water contributing area to the Luverne Municipal well field were generally less than 1.5 milligrams per liter. Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations of 2.4 to 8.5 milligrams per liter in the Rock River in the Rock County Rural Water well field and 14 to 18 milligrams per liter in the ground-water contributing area to the Rock County Rural Water supply wells are not having a substantial affect on nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations in most supply wells. Isotopic mixing calculations indicate that proportions of river water withdrawn from supply wells less than 500 feet from the river range from 5 to 60 percent of total withdrawals.
\nThe Rock River is a gaining stream in most reaches, but is losing water to the aquifer in the vicinity of the Luverne Municipal and Rock County Rural Water well fields, located 150 to 1,500 feet from the river. Simulated streamflow losses due to ground-water withdrawals in the well fields were approximately 2.1 cubic feet per second. Because an average of about 1.5 cubic feet per second of the water pumped by Luverne is returned to the Rock River as wastewater discharge, the net steady-state simulated streamflow loss for the study area is 0.6 cubic feet per second. The streamflow losses as a result of ground-water withdrawals are insignificant in comparison to typical streamflow, and are likely to have a measurable effect on streamflow only during low-flow conditions of less than approximately 10 cubic feet per second.
\nModel results indicate that the additional water withdrawn by wells due to anticipated increased ground-water withdrawals was derived from a decrease in net leakage of ground water from the aquifer to the streams. The simulations indicated that the increased ground-water withdrawals and normal precipitation resulted in an increase in induced infiltration from the Rock River of 0.1 cubic feet per second for the Luverne Municipal well field and 0.3 cubic feet per second for the Rock County Rural Water well field. Maximum drawdowns ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 feet near the three well fields. For drought conditions, the simulated streamflow losses constituted approximately 30 percent and nearly 65 percent of the flows in the Rock River for the Luverne Municipal and Rock County Rural Water well fields, respectively. Maximum drawdowns ranged from 3.8 to 7.0 feet near the three well fields. Transient simulations with anticipated increased ground-water withdrawals and drought conditions indicated declines in hydraulic heads ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 feet per year in the vicinity of the three well fields, except for near the Rock River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri994157","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; the city of Luverne, Minnesota; and the Rock County Rural Water District","usgsCitation":"Lindgren, R.J., and Landon, M., 2000, Effects of ground-water withdrawals on the Rock River and associated valley aquifer, eastern Rock County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4157, x, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994157.","productDescription":"x, 103 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321221,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri994157.JPG"},{"id":12251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/99-4157.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Rock River Valley aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.275,\n 43.733333\n ],\n [\n -96.275,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -96.133333,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -96.133333,\n 43.733333\n ],\n [\n -96.275,\n 43.733333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db61336b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindgren, Richard J. lindgren@usgs.gov","contributorId":1667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Richard","email":"lindgren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}