{"pageNumber":"1187","pageRowStart":"29650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40894,"records":[{"id":28819,"text":"wri004091 - 2000 - Status and trends in suspended-sediment discharges, soil erosion, and conservation tillage in the Maumee River basin: Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T20:42:17.914358","indexId":"wri004091","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000–4091","title":"Status and trends in suspended-sediment discharges, soil erosion, and conservation tillage in the Maumee River basin: Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The relation of suspended-sediment discharges to conservation-tillage practices and soil loss were analyzed for the Maumee River Basin in Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Cropland in the basin is the largest contributor to soil erosion and suspended-sediment discharge to the Maumee River and the river is the largest source of suspended sediments to Lake Erie. Retrospective and recently-collected data from 1970–98 were used to demonstrate that increases in conservation tillage and decreases in soil loss can be related to decreases in suspended-sediment discharge from streams.</p><p>Average annual water and suspended-sediment budgets computed for the Maumee River Basin and its principal tributaries indicate that soil drainage and runoff potential, stream slope, and agricultural land use are the major human and natural factors related to suspended-sediment discharge. The Tiffin and St. Joseph Rivers drain areas of moderately to somewhat poorly drained soils with moderate runoff potential. Expressed as a percentage of the total for the Maumee River Basin, the St. Joseph and Tiffin Rivers represent 29.0 percent of the basin area, 30.7 percent of the average-annual streamflow, and 9.31 percent of the average annual suspended-sediment discharge. The Auglaize and St. Marys Rivers drain areas of poorly to very poorly drained soils with high runoff potential. Expressed as a percentage of the total for the Maumee River Basin, the Auglaize and St. Marys Rivers represent 48.7 percent of the total basin area, 53.5 percent of the average annual streamflow, and 46.5 percent of the average annual suspended-sediment discharge. Areas of poorly drained soils with high runoff potential appear to be the major source areas of suspended sediment discharge in the Maumee River Basin.</p><p>Although conservation tillage differed in the degree of use throughout the basin, on average, it was used on 55.4 percent of all crop fields in the Maumee River Basin from 1993–98. Conservation tillage was used at relatively higher rates in areas draining to the lower main stem from Defiance to Waterville, Ohio and at relatively lower rates in the St. Marys and Auglaize River Basins, and in areas draining to the main stem between New Haven, Ind. and Defiance, Ohio. The areas that were identified as the most important sediment-source areas in the basin were characterized by some of the lowest rates of conservation tillage.</p><p>The increased use of conservation tillage was found to correspond to decreases in suspended- sediment discharge over time at two locations in the Maumee River Basin. A 49.8 percent decrease in suspended-sediment discharge was detected when data from 1970–74 were compared to data from 1996–98 for the Auglaize River near Ft. Jennings, Ohio. A decrease in suspended-sediment discharge of 11.2 percent was detected from 1970–98 for the Maumee River at Waterville, Ohio. No trends in streamflow at either site were detected over the period 1970–98. The lower rate of decline in suspended-sediment discharge for the Maumee River at Waterville, Ohio compared to the Auglaize River near Ft. Jennings, may be due to resuspension and export of stored sediments from drainage ditches, stream channels, and flood plains in the large drainage basin upstream from Waterville. Similar findings by other investigators about the capacity of drainage networks to store sediment are supported by this investigation. These findings go undetected when soil loss estimates are used alone to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation tillage. Water-quality data in combination with soil-loss estimates were needed to draw these conclusions. These findings provide information to farmers and soil conservation agents about the ability of conservation tillage to reduce soil erosion and suspended-sediment discharge from the Maumee River Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004091","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Myers, D.N., Metzker, K.D., and Davis, S., 2000, Status and trends in suspended-sediment discharges, soil erosion, and conservation tillage in the Maumee River basin: Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000–4091, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004091.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4091/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2325,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4091/wri20004091.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4091"},{"id":410232,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34294.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Michigan, Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Maumee River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.279,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.412,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.412,\n              42.05\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.279,\n              42.05\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.279,\n              40.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\">Director, Ohio Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6460 Busch Blvd.<br>Columbus, OH 43229-1737</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Data collection and analysis</li><li>Relation of suspended-sediment discharges and yields to soil loss, soil-erosion rates, delivery ratios, and conservation tillage</li><li>Suspended-sediment budget</li><li>Trends in soil loss, conservation tillage, streamflow, and suspended-sediment discharge</li><li>Implications for sediment management</li><li>Summary and conclusions</li><li>References cited</li><li>Appendix—Description of the use of LOADEST2</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4882e4b07f02db517512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Donna N. 0000-0001-6359-2865 dnmyers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6359-2865","contributorId":512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Donna","email":"dnmyers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metzker, Kevin D.","contributorId":81953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzker","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Steven","contributorId":40636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22336,"text":"ofr00193 - 2000 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the vicinity of San Bernardino, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-26T14:21:51.785067","indexId":"ofr00193","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-193","title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the vicinity of San Bernardino, Southern California","docAbstract":"New gravity measurements in the vicinity of San Bernardino, California were collected to help define the characteristics of the Rialto-Colton fault. The data were processed using standard reduction formulas and parameters. Rock properties such as lithology, magnetic susceptibility and density also were measured at several locations. Rock property measurements will be helpful for future modeling and density inversion calculations from the gravity data. On both the Bouguer and isostatic gravity maps, a prominent, 13-km long (8 mi), approximately 1-km (0.62 mi) wide gradient with an amplitude of 7 mGal, down to the northeast, is interpreted as the gravity expression of the Rialto-Colton fault. The gravity gradient strikes in a northwest direction and runs from the San Jacinto fault zone at its south end to San Sevine Canyon at the foot of the San Gabriel mountains at its north end. The Rialto-Colton fault has experienced both right-lateral strike-slip and normal fault motion that has offset basement rocks; therefore it is interpreted as a major, through-going fault.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00193","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Anderson, M., Roberts, C.W., and Jachens, R.C., 2000, Principal facts for gravity stations in the vicinity of San Bernardino, Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-193, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00193.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":483871,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26229.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281575,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0193/"},{"id":51744,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0193/pdf/of00-193.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155972,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0193/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Bernardino","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.667,\n              34.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.667,\n              33.94\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              33.94\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              34.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.667,\n              34.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6672ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Megan L.","contributorId":69189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Megan L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Carter W.","contributorId":45282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Carter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27694,"text":"wri994224 - 2000 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri994224","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4224","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware","docAbstract":"Dover Air Force Base in Kent County, Delaware, has many contaminated sites that are in active remediation. To assist in this remediation, a steady-state model of ground-water flow was developed to aid in understanding the hydrology of the system, and for use as a ground-watermanagement tool. This report describes the hydrology on which the model is based, a description of the model itself, and some applications of the model.Dover Air Force Base is underlain by unconsolidated sediments of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The primary units that were investigated include the upper Calvert Formation and the overlying Columbia Formation. The uppermost sand unit in the Calvert Formation at Dover Air Force Base is the Frederica aquifer, which is the deepest unit investigated in this report. A confining unit of clayey silt in the upper Calvert Formation separates the Frederica aquifer from the lower surficial aquifer, which is the basal Columbia Formation. North and northwest of Dover Air Force Base, the Frederica aquifer subcrops beneath the Columbia Formation and the upper Calvert Formation confining unit is absent. The Calvert Formation dips to the southeast. The Columbia Formation consists predominately of sands, silts, and gravels, although in places there are clay layers that separate the surficial aquifer into an upper and lower surficial aquifer. The areal extent of these clay layers has been mapped by use of gamma logs. Long-term hydrographs reveal substantial changes in both seasonal and annual ground-water recharge. These variations in recharge are related to temporal changes in evaporation, transpiration, and precipitation. The hydrographs show areas where extensive silts and clays are present in the surficial aquifer. In these areas, the vertical gradient between water levels in wells screened above and below the clays can be as large as several feet, and local ground-water highs typically form during normal recharge conditions. When drought conditions persist, water drains off these highs and the vertical gradients decrease. At the south end of Dover Air Force Base, hydrographs of water levels in the Frederica aquifer show that off-Base pumping can cause the water levels to decline below sea level during part of the year.A 4-layer, steady-state numerical model of ground-water flow was developed for Dover Air Force Base and the surrounding area. The upper two layers represent the upper and lower surficial aquifers, which are in the Columbia Formation. In some areas of the model, a semi-confining unit is used to represent an intermittent clay layer between the upper and lower surficial aquifer. This semi-confining unit causes the local groundwater highs in the surficial aquifer. The third model layer represents the upper part of the Calvert Formation, a confining unit. The fourth model layer represents the Frederica aquifer. The model was calibrated to hydraulic heads and to ground-water discharge in Pipe Elm Branch, both of which were measured in September 1997. For the calibrated model, the root-mean-squared errors for the hydraulic heads and the ground-water discharge in the Pipe Elm Branch were 9 percent of the range of head and 3 percent of discharge, respectively. Heads simulated by use of the model were consistent with a map showing average water levels in the region. The U.S. Geological Survey?s MODPATH program was used to simulate ground-water-flow directions for several areas on the Base. This analysis showed the effects of the local groundwater highs. In these areas, ground water can flow from the highs and then dramatically change flow direction as it enters the lower surficial aquifer. The steady-state model has several limitations. The entire ground-water system is under transient hydraulic conditions, due mainly to seasonal and yearly changes in recharge and to withdrawal from irrigation wells. Yet this steady-state model is still considered to be an effective tool for understanding the ground-water-flow system u","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994224","usgsCitation":"Hinaman, K.C., and Tenbus, F.J., 2000, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4224, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994224.","productDescription":"82 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4224.jpg"},{"id":2228,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri99-4224/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinaman, Kurt C.","contributorId":104104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinaman","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tenbus, Frederick J.","contributorId":52145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tenbus","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24430,"text":"ofr00365 - 2000 - Eastern Aleutian volcanic arc digital model - version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:12","indexId":"ofr00365","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-365","title":"Eastern Aleutian volcanic arc digital model - version 1.0","docAbstract":"A 3-dimensional model (Figure 1) of the interaction of oceanic and continental tectonic plates along the eastern portion of the Aleutian volcanic arc helps in the visualization of basic tectonic, geodetic, and geophysical data in this active plate boundary region. The model is constrained by topographic, bathymetric, and seismic data and by the principle of isostasy. Examination of free-air gravity anomalies over the region indicates where the flexural strength of the down-going oceanic slab disturbs local isostatic balance and where low-density sediments have accumulated in the trench and forearc regions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00365","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., and Barnett, A., 2000, Eastern Aleutian volcanic arc digital model - version 1.0 (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-365, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00365.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1775,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0365/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62874d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnett, Adrienne","contributorId":16820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"Adrienne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23493,"text":"ofr00287 - 2000 - Preliminary results of natural attenuation modeling in the West Branch Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:09","indexId":"ofr00287","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-287","title":"Preliminary results of natural attenuation modeling in the West Branch Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00287","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.C., 2000, Preliminary results of natural attenuation modeling in the West Branch Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-287, vi, 28 leaves :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00287.","productDescription":"vi, 28 leaves :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0287/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52792,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0287/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b381","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James C.","contributorId":78364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22328,"text":"ofr00342 - 2000 - MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model -Documentation of the Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow (HUF) Package","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-14T10:13:29","indexId":"ofr00342","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-342","title":"MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model -Documentation of the Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow (HUF) Package","docAbstract":"This report documents the Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow (HUF) Package for the groundwater\r\nmodeling computer program MODFLOW-2000. The HUF Package is an alternative\r\ninternal flow package that allows the vertical geometry of the system hydrogeology to be defined\r\nexplicitly within the model using hydrogeologic units that can be different than the definition of\r\nthe model layers. The HUF Package works with all the processes of MODFLOW-2000. For the\r\nGround-Water Flow Process, the HUF Package calculates effective hydraulic properties for the\r\nmodel layers based on the hydraulic properties of the hydrogeologic units, which are defined by\r\nthe user using parameters. The hydraulic properties are used to calculate the conductance\r\ncoefficients and other terms needed to solve the ground-water flow equation. The sensitivity of\r\nthe model to the parameters defined within the HUF Package input file can be calculated using\r\nthe Sensitivity Process, using observations defined with the Observation Process. Optimal values\r\nof the parameters can be estimated by using the Parameter-Estimation Process. The HUF\r\nPackage is nearly identical to the Layer-Property Flow (LPF) Package, the major difference being\r\nthe definition of the vertical geometry of the system hydrogeology. Use of the HUF Package is\r\nillustrated in two test cases, which also serve to verify the performance of the package by\r\nshowing that the Parameter-Estimation Process produces the true parameter values when exact\r\nobservations are used.","language":"English","publisher":"U.SU.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO ","doi":"10.3133/ofr00342","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Anderman, E., and Hill, M.C., 2000, MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model -Documentation of the Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow (HUF) Package: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-342, vi, 89 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00342.","productDescription":"vi, 89 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":51737,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0342/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1415,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/modflow2000/ofr00-342.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0342/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderman, E.R.","contributorId":62241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderman","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22881,"text":"ofr2000325 - 2000 - Digital mapping techniques '00, workshop proceedings - May 17-20, 2000, Lexington, Kentucky ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:54","indexId":"ofr2000325","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-325","title":"Digital mapping techniques '00, workshop proceedings - May 17-20, 2000, Lexington, Kentucky ","docAbstract":"Introduction: The Digital Mapping Techniques '00 (DMT'00) workshop was attended by 99 technical experts from 42 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 28 state geological surveys (see Appendix A). This workshop was similar in nature to the first three meetings, held in June, 1997, in Lawrence, Kansas (Soller, 1997), in May, 1998, in Champaign, Illinois (Soller, 1998a), and in May, 1999, in Madison, Wisconsin (Soller, 1999). This year's meeting was hosted by the Kentucky Geological Survey, from May 17 to 20, 2000, on the University of Kentucky campus in Lexington. As in the previous meetings, the objective was to foster informal discussion and exchange of technical information. When, based on discussions at the workshop, an attendee adopts or modifies a newly learned technique, the workshop clearly has met that objective. Evidence of learning and cooperation among participating agencies continued to be a highlight of the DMT workshops (see example in Soller, 1998b, and various papers in this volume). \r\n\r\nThe meeting's general goal was to help move the state geological surveys and the USGS toward development of more cost-effective, flexible, and useful systems for digital mapping and geographic information systems (GIS) analysis. Through oral and poster presentations and special discussion sessions, emphasis was given to: 1) methods for creating and publishing map products (here, 'publishing' includes Web-based release); 2) continued development of the National Geologic Map Database; 3) progress toward building a standard geologic map data model; 4) field data-collection systems; and 5) map citation and authorship guidelines. Four representatives of the GIS hardware and software vendor community were invited to participate. \r\n\r\nThe four annual DMT workshops were coordinated by the AASG/USGS Data Capture Working Group, which was formed in August, 1996, to support the Association of American State Geologists and the USGS in their effort to build a National Geologic Map Database (see Soller and Berg, this volume, and http://ncgmp.usgs.gov/ngmdbproject/standards/datacapt/). The Working Group was formed because increased production efficiencies, standardization, and quality of digital map products were needed to help the Database, and the State and Federal geological surveys, provide more high-quality digital maps to the public. \r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000325","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 2000, Digital mapping techniques '00, workshop proceedings - May 17-20, 2000, Lexington, Kentucky : U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-325, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000325.","temporalStart":"2000-05-17","temporalEnd":"2000-05-20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0325/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":9151,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-325/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52291,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0325/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65aa09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22537,"text":"ofr00509 - 2000 - SMSIM--Fortran programs for simulating ground motions from earthquakes: Version 2.0.--a revision of OFR 96-80-A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-05T10:14:05","indexId":"ofr00509","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-509","title":"SMSIM--Fortran programs for simulating ground motions from earthquakes: Version 2.0.--a revision of OFR 96-80-A","docAbstract":"A simple and powerful method for simulating ground motions is based on the assumption that the amplitude of ground motion at a site can be specified in a deterministic way, with a random phase spectrum modified such that the motion is distributed over a duration related to the earthquake magnitude and to distance from the source. This method of simulating ground motions often goes by the name \"the stochastic method.\" It is particularly useful for simulating the higher-frequency ground motions of most interest to engineers, and it is widely used to predict ground motions for regions of the world in which recordings of motion from damaging earthquakes are not available. This simple method has been successful in matching a variety of ground-motion measures for earthquakes with seismic moments spanning more than 12 orders of magnitude. One of the essential characteristics of the method is that it distills what is known about the various factors affecting ground motions (source, path, and site) into simple functional forms that can be used to predict ground motions. SMSIM is a set of programs for simulating ground motions based on the stochastic method.\n\nThis Open-File Report is a revision of an earlier report (Boore, 1996) describing a set of programs for simulating ground motions from earthquakes. The programs are based on modifications I have made to the stochastic method first introduced by Hanks and McGuire (1981). The report contains source codes, written in Fortran, and executables that can be used on a PC. Programs are included both for time-domain and for random vibration simulations. In addition, programs are included to produce Fourier amplitude spectra for the models used in the simulations and to convert shear velocity vs. depth into frequency-dependent amplification. The revision to the previous report is needed because the input and output files have changed significantly, and a number of new programs have been included in the set.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00509","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Boore, D.M., 2000, SMSIM--Fortran programs for simulating ground motions from earthquakes: Version 2.0.--a revision of OFR 96-80-A (Version 2.18): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-509, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00509.","productDescription":"56 p.","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1321,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0509/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0509/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52035,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0509/pdf/of00-509.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 2.18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe0bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":188422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31362,"text":"ofr00444 - 2000 - Preliminary maps of Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility, nine-county San Francisco Bay region, California: a digital database","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31362,"text":"ofr00444 - 2000 - Preliminary maps of Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility, nine-county San Francisco Bay region, California: a digital database","indexId":"ofr00444","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary maps of Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility, nine-county San Francisco Bay region, California: a digital database"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":75273,"text":"ofr20061037 - 2006 - Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California","indexId":"ofr20061037","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":75273,"text":"ofr20061037 - 2006 - Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California","indexId":"ofr20061037","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T10:31:46","indexId":"ofr00444","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-444","title":"Preliminary maps of Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility, nine-county San Francisco Bay region, California: a digital database","docAbstract":"This report presents a preliminary map and database of \r\nQuaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility for the nine-county San \r\nFrancisco Bay region, together with a digital compendium of ground effects \r\nassociated with past earthquakes in the region. The report consists of (1) a \r\nspatial database of fivedata layers (Quaternary deposits, quadrangle index, and \r\nthree ground effects layers) and two text layers (a labels and leaders layer \r\nfor Quaternary deposits and for ground effects), (2) two small-scale colored \r\nmaps (Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility), (3) a text \r\ndescribing the Quaternary map, liquefaction interpretation, and the ground \r\neffects compendium, and (4) the databse description pamphlet. The nine counties \r\nsurrounding San Francisco Bay straddle the San Andreas fault system, which \r\nexposes the region to serious earthquake hazard (Working Group on California \r\nEarthquake Probabilities, 1999). Much of the land adjacent to the Bay and the \r\nmajor rivers and streams is underlain by unconsolidated deposits that are \r\nparticularly vulnerable to earthquake shaking and liquefaction of \r\nwater-saturated granular sediment. This new map provides a modern and regionally\r\nconsistent treatment of Quaternary surficial deposits that builds on the \r\npioneering mapping of Helley and Lajoie (Helley and others, 1979) and such \r\nintervening work as Atwater (1982), Helley and others (1994), and Helley and \r\nGraymer (1997a and b). Like these earlier studies, the current mapping uses \r\ngeomorphic expression, pedogenic soils, and inferred depositional environments \r\nto define and distinguish the map units. In contrast to the twelve map units of\r\nHelley and Lajoie, however, this new map uses a complex stratigraphy of some \r\nforty units, which permits a more realistic portrayal of the Quaternary \r\ndepositional system. The two colored maps provide a regional summary of the new \r\nmapping at a scale of 1:275,000, a scale that is sufficient to show the general\r\ndistribution and relationships of the map units but cannot distinguish the more \r\ndetailed elements that are present in the database. The report is the product of\r\nyears of cooperative work by the USGS National Earthquake Hazards Reduction \r\nProgram (NEHRP) and National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, William \r\nLettis and & Associates, Inc. (WLA) and, more recently, by the California \r\nDivision of Mines and Geology as well. An earlier version was submitted to the \r\nGeological Survey by WLA as a final report for a NEHRP grant (Knudsen and \r\nothers, 2000). The mapping has been carried out by WLA geologists under \r\ncontract to the NEHRP Earthquake Program (Grants #14-08-0001-G2129, \r\n1434-94-G-2499, 1434-HQ-97-GR-03121, and 99-HQ-GR-0095) and with other limited \r\nsupport from the County of Napa, and recently also by the California Division \r\nof Mines and Geology. The current map consists of this new mapping and \r\nrevisions of previous USGS mapping.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr00444","usgsCitation":"Knudsen, K.L., Sowers, J.M., Witter, R., Wentworth, C.M., Helley, E.J., Nicholson, R.S., Wright, H.M., and Brown, K.H., 2000, Preliminary maps of Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility, nine-county San Francisco Bay region, California: a digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-444, online files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00444.","productDescription":"online files","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3027,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-444/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db66060f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knudsen, Keith L. 0000-0003-2826-5812 kknudsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2826-5812","contributorId":3758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"Keith","email":"kknudsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sowers, Janet M.","contributorId":51318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowers","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wentworth, Carl M. 0000-0003-2569-569X cwent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":1178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"Carl","email":"cwent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helley, Edward J.","contributorId":106463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helley","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nicholson, Robert S. rnichol@usgs.gov","contributorId":2283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Robert","email":"rnichol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wright, Heather M. 0000-0001-9013-507X hwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-507X","contributorId":3949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Heather","email":"hwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, Katherine H.","contributorId":74630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":31184,"text":"ofr00458 - 2000 - Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Data Processing System manual [ADCP]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T08:28:28","indexId":"ofr00458","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-458","title":"Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Data Processing System manual [ADCP]","docAbstract":"This open-file report describes the data processing software currently in use by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC), to process time series of acoustic Doppler current data obtained by Teledyne RD Instruments Workhorse model ADCPs. The Sediment Transport Instrumentation Group (STG) at the WHCMSC has a long-standing commitment to providing scientists high quality oceanographic data published in a timely manner. To meet this commitment, STG has created this software to aid personnel in processing and reviewing data as well as evaluating hardware for signs of instrument malfunction. The output data format for the data is network Common Data Form (netCDF), which meets USGS publication standards. Typically, ADCP data are recorded in beam coordinates. This conforms to the USGS philosophy to post-process rather than internally process data. By preserving the original data quality indicators as well as the initial data set, data can be evaluated and reprocessed for different types of analyses. Beam coordinate data are desirable for internal and surface wave experiments, for example. All the code in this software package is intended to run using the MATLAB program available from The Mathworks, Inc. As such, it is platform independent and can be adapted by the USGS and others for specialized experiments with non-standard requirements. The software is continuously being updated and revised as improvements are required. The most recent revision may be downloaded from: <a href=\"http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/stg/Pubs/ADCPtools/adcp_index.htm\">http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/stg/Pubs/ADCPtools/adcp_index.htm</a> The USGS makes this software available at the user?s discretion and responsibility.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00458","usgsCitation":"Cote, J.M., Hotchkiss, F.S., Martini, M.A., Denham, C.R., revisions by Ramsey, A.L., and Ruane, S., 2000, Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Data Processing System manual [ADCP] (Version 4: September 30, 2011): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-458, 51 p.; 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00458.","productDescription":"51 p.; 1 CD-ROM","startPage":"1","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"51","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2700,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-458/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 4: September 30, 2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a34f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cote, Jessica M.","contributorId":73738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cote","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hotchkiss, Frances S.","contributorId":89555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotchkiss","given":"Frances","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denham, Charles R.","contributorId":55954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denham","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"revisions by Ramsey, Andree L.","contributorId":29125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"revisions by Ramsey","given":"Andree","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruane, Stephen","contributorId":48299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruane","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":31154,"text":"ofr00209 - 2000 - A numerical program for steady-state flow of magma-gas mixtures through vertical eruptive conduits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-20T14:20:47","indexId":"ofr00209","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-209","title":"A numerical program for steady-state flow of magma-gas mixtures through vertical eruptive conduits","docAbstract":"This report presents a model that calculates flow properties (pressure, vesicularity, and some 35 other parameters) as a function of vertical position within a volcanic conduit during a steady-state eruption. The model idealizes the magma-gas mixture as a single homogeneousfluid and calculates gas exsolution under the assumption of equilibrium conditions. These are the same assumptions on which classic conduit models (e.g. Wilson and Head, 1981) have been based. They are most appropriate when applied to eruptions of rapidly ascending magma (basaltic lava-fountain eruptions, and Plinian or sub-Plinian eruptions of intermediate or silicic magmas) that contains abundant nucleation sites (microlites, for example) for bubble growth.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Vancouver, WA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00209","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., and Ghiorso, M.S., 2000, A numerical program for steady-state flow of magma-gas mixtures through vertical eruptive conduits (Version 1.0.0 October 2000; Version 1.0.5c November 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-209, Report: viii, 53 p.; Visual program description; Readme file; Executable program for Windows 95/98/NT/XP; Fortran source code, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00209.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 53 p.; Visual program description; Readme file; Executable program for Windows 95/98/NT/XP; Fortran source code","numberOfPages":"61","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00209.jpg"},{"id":2648,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0209/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":279262,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0209/conflow.htm"},{"id":279261,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0209/pdf/of2000-0209.pdf"},{"id":279263,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0209/readme.txt"},{"id":279264,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0209/conflowzip1.0.5b.zip"},{"id":279265,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0209/conflowsource.zip"}],"edition":"Version 1.0.0 October 2000; Version 1.0.5c November 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab6c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghiorso, Mark S.","contributorId":26732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghiorso","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23050,"text":"ofr00442 - 2000 - Titanium mineral resources of the western U.S.: An update","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T21:41:54.253708","indexId":"ofr00442","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-442","title":"Titanium mineral resources of the western U.S.: An update","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thirteen deposits or districts in the western U.S. have been examined in which titanium mineral resources have been reported or implied. These deposits are of the following general types (in probable order of importance): 1) Cretaceous shoreline placer deposits, 2) silica-sand deposits of California, 3) fluvial monazite placers of Idaho, 4) anorthosite related deposits, and 5) clay and bauxite deposits of the northwestern U.S. Relative to previous reports, this one shows some greater and some lesser resources (table 1). In any case, titanium-mineral resources of the western U.S. (west of 103° longitude) remain modest at world scale except as unconventional (especially perovskite) and by-product (especially porphyry) resources. Some deposits, however, have enhanced value to the titanium explorationist for the geologic relations they illustrate. Among the new conclusions are: a) Loci of Cretaceous shoreline placers form linear patterns, nested as a function of age, that can be traced for thousands of kilometers, permitting focused exploration in whole new mountain ranges. b) Medial hematite-ilmenite solid-solution, which is highly magnetic, is a major carrier of TiO<sub>2</sub> values in the Cretaceous deposits of Wyoming. This phase was previously thought to be relatively rare. c) Regressive shoreline placer deposits in indurated Cretaceous sequences expose intricate facies relations, such as the construction of shoreface sequences by long-shore drift over tidal-channel fill, without much loss of paleogeographic information. d) Due to deep weathering, virtually every Eocene sediment that accumulated in the Ione basin at the foot of the Sierra Nevada has economic value, permitting recovery of altered ilmenite and zircon along with silica, clay, coal, and gold. Ilmenite is most abundant in newly recognized shoreline sands. e) Upper Tertiary fluvial placers of Idaho formed in and filled fault-bounded basins and thus are far more voluminous than deposits in the modern valley system. Previously reported resources are thus far too low. f) Mafic igneous rocks of Proterozoic age near Bagdad, Arizona are of ophiolitic affinity, but contain nelsonitic ilmenite enrichments associated with anorthositic layers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00442","usgsCitation":"Force, E.R., and Creely, S., 2000, Titanium mineral resources of the western U.S.: An update: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-442, Report: 37 p.; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00442.","productDescription":"Report: 37 p.; Readme","numberOfPages":"37","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410030,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34250.htm","text":"Titanium mineral resources of the western U.S.","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281970,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281969,"rank":1,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0442/README.DOC"},{"id":52423,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0442/pdf/of00-442.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1475,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0442/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465512,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_44963.htm","text":"Sanostee Mesa, NM","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465513,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_44964.htm","text":"Calf Canyon-Dave Canyon, UT","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465514,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_44965.htm","text":"Ione basin, CA","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465515,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_44966.htm","text":"Long Valley, ID","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465516,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_44967.htm","text":"southern Orocopia Mts., CA","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.75,31.329 ], [ -124.75,49 ], [ -103.05,49 ], [ -103.05,31.329 ], [ -124.75,31.329 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b3d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Force, Eric R.","contributorId":32916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Creely, Scott","contributorId":16044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creely","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24549,"text":"ofr2000432 - 2000 - Geographic Information for Analysis of Highway Runoff-Quality Data on a National or Regional Scale in the Conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"ofr2000432","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-432","title":"Geographic Information for Analysis of Highway Runoff-Quality Data on a National or Regional Scale in the Conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Spatial data are important for interpretation of water-quality information on a regional or national scale. Geographic information systems (GIS) facilitate interpretation and integration of spatial data. The geographic information and data compiled for the conterminous United States during the National Highway Runoff Water-Quality Data and Methodology Synthesis project is described in this document, which also includes information on the structure, file types, and the geographic information in the data files. This 'geodata' directory contains two subdirectories, labeled 'gisdata' and 'gisimage.' The 'gisdata' directory contains ArcInfo coverages, ArcInfo export files, shapefiles (used in ArcView), Spatial Data Transfer Standard Topological Vector Profile format files, and meta files in subdirectories organized by file type. The 'gisimage' directory contains the GIS data in common image-file formats. The spatial geodata includes two rain-zone region maps and a map of national ecosystems originally published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; regional estimates of mean annual streamflow, and water hardness published by the Federal Highway Administration; and mean monthly temperature, mean annual precipitation, and mean monthly snowfall modified from data published by the National Climatic Data Center and made available to the public by the Oregon Climate Service at Oregon State University. These GIS files were compiled for qualitative spatial analysis of available data on a national and(or) regional scale and therefore should be considered as qualitative representations, not precise geographic location information.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000432","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Smieszek, T., and Granato, G., 2000, Geographic Information for Analysis of Highway Runoff-Quality Data on a National or Regional Scale in the Conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-432, v, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000432.","productDescription":"v, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9391,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00-432/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a9195","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smieszek, Tomas W.","contributorId":23575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smieszek","given":"Tomas W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":192132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24610,"text":"ofr00339 - 2000 - Preliminary simulation of a M6.5 earthquake on the Seattle Fault using 3D finite-difference modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"ofr00339","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-339","title":"Preliminary simulation of a M6.5 earthquake on the Seattle Fault using 3D finite-difference modeling","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional finite-difference simulation of a moderate-sized (M 6.5) thrust-faulting earthquake on the Seattle fault demonstrates the effects of the Seattle Basin on strong ground motion in the Puget lowland. The model area includes the cities of Seattle, Bremerton and Bellevue. We use a recently developed detailed 3D-velocity model of the Seattle Basin in these simulations. The model extended to 20-km depth and assumed rupture on a finite fault with random slip distribution. Preliminary results from simulations of frequencies 0.5 Hz and lower suggest amplification can occur at the surface of the Seattle Basin by the trapping of energy in the Quaternary sediments. Surface waves generated within the basin appear to contribute to amplification throughout the modeled region. Several factors apparently contribute to large ground motions in downtown Seattle: (1) radiation pattern and directivity from the rupture; (2) amplification and energy trapping within the Quaternary sediments; and (3) basin geometry and variation in depth of both Quaternary and Tertiary sediments","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00339","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, W.J., and Frankel, A.D., 2000, Preliminary simulation of a M6.5 earthquake on the Seattle Fault using 3D finite-difference modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-339, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00339.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1888,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0339/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e08f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":192249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22065,"text":"ofr00420 - 2000 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the vicinity of Coyote Spring Valley, Nevada, with initial gravity modeling results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:45","indexId":"ofr00420","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-420","title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the vicinity of Coyote Spring Valley, Nevada, with initial gravity modeling results","docAbstract":"Gravity measurements were made along 5 profiles across parts of the Coyote Spring Valley and vicinity in order to aid in modeling the depth and shapes of the underlying basins and to locate faults concealed beneath the basin fill. Measurements were taken at 200 m (660 ft) spacing along the profiles. Models based on these and existing regional data reveal two north-south-trending basins beneath Coyote Spring Valley that reach maximum depths of greater than 1 km (0.6 mi). A small valley, located just east of Coyote Spring Valley and containing Dead Man Wash, includes a small basin about 500 m (1600 ft) deep that appears to be the southern continuation of the northern basin beneath Coyote Spring Valley. The profile gravity data are further used to identify the locations of possible faults concealed beneath the basin fill.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00420","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G., Jewel, E., Langenheim, V., and Jachens, R., 2000, Principal facts for gravity stations in the vicinity of Coyote Spring Valley, Nevada, with initial gravity modeling results (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-420, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00420.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13467,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-420/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66782c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, Geoffrey A.","contributorId":17262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoffrey A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jewel, E. B.","contributorId":10056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewel","given":"E. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":186932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":6745,"text":"fs15900 - 2000 - Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Mogollon Highlands of central Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T06:29:05","indexId":"fs15900","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"159-00","title":"Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Mogollon Highlands of central Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","docAbstract":"<p>The Mogollon Highlands of east central Arizona is a region of forested plateau and mountains, deep, sheerwalled canyons, and desert valleys. Known for its scenic beauty and characterized by a generally mild climate, the area, though still sparsely populated, attracts an increasing number of tourists and summer residents. Furthermore, the permanent population is expected to nearly double over the next 50 years. Consequently, there is increased pressure on the water resources of this area for several sometimes conflicting uses. Rational management of water resources is necessary to meet increased domestic requirements while ensuring an adequate supply of water for commercial and agricultural use, for Indian lands, and for preservation of valued environmental elements, including surface waters, riparian woodlands, forest and grassland areas, and wildlife and aquatic habitat. Such management requires an understanding of the relations among different components of the hydrologic system—recharge areas, surface flows, shallow aquifers, deep aquifers, discharge areas, and the regional ground-water flow system—and how each is affected by geology, climate, topography, and human use.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting an assessment of the hydrogeology of the Mogollon Highlands in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources. The study, funded through the State’s Rural Watershed Initiative program, is one of three assessments being conducted by the USGS. Assessments also are underway in the Upper-Middle Verde River watershed and on the Coconino Plateau. Each study has as its objectives: (1) the collection, compilation, and evaluation of all existing geologic, hydrologic, and related data pertaining to the study area and the creation of a data base that is readily accessible to the public and (2) developing an understanding of the hydrogeologic framework, which is the relation between geologic and hydrologic properties, that can be used for water-- resources management purposes and that will support the development of an interpretive and predictive model to estimate the effects of climate and water use on the sustainability of regional water resources.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Although the three contiguous areas in north-central Arizona are being studied separately, a single data base is being constructed from which data on each area can be extracted separately.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs15900","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Parker, J.T., and Flynn, M., 2000, Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Mogollon Highlands of central Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 159-00, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15900.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287718,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0159-00/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Mogollon Highlands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.0042,33.5048 ], [ -112.0042,35.0008 ], [ -110.2488,35.0008 ], [ -110.2488,33.5048 ], [ -112.0042,33.5048 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c8e4b07f02db4ab7e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, John T.C.","contributorId":18766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21947,"text":"ofr00385 - 2000 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group: Determination of selected herbicides and their degradation products in water using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:54:26","indexId":"ofr00385","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-385","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group: Determination of selected herbicides and their degradation products in water using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A method for the extraction and analysis of eight herbicides and five degradation products using solid-phase extraction from natural water samples followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is presented in this report. This method was developed for dimethenamid; flufenacet; fluometuron and its degradation products, demethylfluometuron (DMFM), 3-(trifluromethyl)phenylurea (TFMPU), 3-(trifluromethyl)-aniline (TFMA); molinate; norflurazon and its degradation product, demethylnorflurazon; pendamethalin; the degradation product of prometryn, deisopropylprometryn; propanil; and trifluralin. The eight herbicides are used primarily in the southern United States where cotton, rice, and soybeans are produced. The exceptions are dimethenamid and flufenacet, which are used on corn in the Midwest. \rWater samples received by the U.S. Geological Survey's Organic Geochemistry Research Group in Lawrence, Kansas, are filtered to remove suspended particulate matter and then passed through disposable solid-phase extraction columns containing octadecyl-bonded porous silica (C-18) to extract the compounds. The herbicides and their degradation products are removed from the column by ethyl acetate elution. The eluate is evaporated under nitrogen, and components then are separated, identified, and quantified by injecting an aliquot of the concentrated extract into a high-resolution, fused-silica capillary column of a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer under selected-ion mode. \rMethod detection limits ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 ?g/L for all compounds with the exception of TFMPU, which has a method detection limit of 0.32 ?g/L. The mean absolute recovery is 107 percent. This method for the determination of herbicides and their degradation products is valuable for acquiring information about water quality and compound fate and transport in water. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00385","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kish, J., Thurman, E., Scribner, E., and Zimmerman, L., 2000, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group: Determination of selected herbicides and their degradation products in water using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-385, iv, 13 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00385.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0385/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1292,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr00385","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7659,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/ofr.00-385.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51422,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0385/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bc40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kish, J.L.","contributorId":97937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kish","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scribner, E.A.","contributorId":50925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":24926,"text":"ofr00336 - 2000 - Assessment of Folsom Lake response to historical and potential future climate scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"ofr00336","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-336","title":"Assessment of Folsom Lake response to historical and potential future climate scenarios","docAbstract":"An integrated forecast-decision system for Folsom Lake (California) is developed and used to assess the sensitivity of reservoir performance to various forecast-management schemes under historical and future climate scenarios. The assessments are based on various combinations of inflow forecasting models, decision rules, and climate scenarios and demonstrate that (1) reliable inflow forecasts and adaptive decision systems can substantially benefit reservoir performance and (2) dynamic operational procedures represent effective climate change coping strategies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00336","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Yao, H., and Georgakakos, A.P., 2000, Assessment of Folsom Lake response to historical and potential future climate scenarios (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-336, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00336.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1897,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-336/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67297a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yao, Huaming","contributorId":25592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"Huaming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Georgakakos, Aris P.","contributorId":59828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"Aris","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23178,"text":"ofr00334 - 2000 - Climate change impacts on southeastern U.S. basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr00334","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-334","title":"Climate change impacts on southeastern U.S. basins","docAbstract":"The work described herein aims to assess the impacts of potential climate change on the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) and Alabama-Coosa-Talapoosa (ACT) river basins in the Southeastern US. The assessment addresses the potential impacts on watershed hydrology (soil moisture and streamflow) and on major water uses including water supply, drought management, hydropower, environmental and ecological protection, recreation, and navigation. This investigation develops new methods, establishes and uses an integrated modeling framework, and reaches several important conclusions that bear upon river basin planning and management. Although the specific impacts vary significantly with the choice of the GCM scenario, some general conclusions are that (1) soil moisture and streamflow variability is expected to increase, and (2) flexible and adaptive water sharing agreements, management strategies, and institutional processes are best suited to cope with the uncertainty associated with future climate scenarios.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00334","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Georgakakos, A.P., and Yao, H., 2000, Climate change impacts on southeastern U.S. basins (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-334, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00334.","productDescription":"72 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1314,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-334/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de1e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Georgakakos, Aris P.","contributorId":59828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"Aris","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yao, Huaming","contributorId":25592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"Huaming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22592,"text":"ofr00332 - 2000 - An assessment of irrigation needs and crop yield for the United States under potential climate changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:03","indexId":"ofr00332","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-332","title":"An assessment of irrigation needs and crop yield for the United States under potential climate changes","docAbstract":"Past assessments of climate change on U.S. agriculture have mostly focused on changes in crop yield. Few studies have included the entire conterminous U.S., and few studies have assessed changing irrigation requirements. None have included the effects of changing soil moisture characteristics as determined by changing climatic forcing. This study assesses changes in irrigation requirements and crop yields for five crops in the areas of the U.S. where they have traditionally been grown. Physiologically-based crop models are used to incorporate inputs of climate, soils, agricultural management, and drought stress tolerance. Soil moisture values from a macroscale hydrologic model run under a future climate scenario are used to initialize soil moisture content at the beginning of each growing season. Historical crop yield data is used to calibrate model parameters and determine locally acceptable drought stress as a management parameter. Changes in irrigation demand and crop yield are assessed for both means and extremes by comparing results for atmospheric forcing close to the present climate with those for a future climate scenario. Assessments using the Canadian Center for Climate Modeling and Analysis General Circulation Model (CGCM1) indicate greater irrigation demands in the southern U.S. and decreased irrigation demands in the northern and western U.S. Crop yields typically increase except for winter wheat in the southern U.S. and corn. Variability in both irrigation demands and crop yields increases in most cases. Assessment results for the CGCM1 climate scenario are compared to those for the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research GCM (HadCM2) scenario for southwestern Georgia. The comparison shows significant differences in irrigation and yield trends, both in magnitude and direction. The differences reflect the high forecast uncertainty of current GCMs. Nonetheless, both GCMs indicate higher variability in future climatic forcing and, consequently, in the response of agricultural systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00332","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Brumbelow, K., and Georgakakos, A.P., 2000, An assessment of irrigation needs and crop yield for the United States under potential climate changes (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-332, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00332.","productDescription":"50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1369,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-332/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brumbelow, Kelly","contributorId":6089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbelow","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Georgakakos, Aris P.","contributorId":59828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"Aris","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23179,"text":"ofr00335 - 2000 - Soil moisture tendencies into the next century for the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr00335","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-335","title":"Soil moisture tendencies into the next century for the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"A monthly snow-pack and soil- moisture accounting model is formulated for application to each of the climate divisions of the conterminous United States for use in climate impacts-assessment studies. Statistical downscaling and bias-adjustment components complement the model for the assimilation of large-scale global climate model data. Simulations of the formulated model driven by precipitation and temperature for the period 1931-1998 produce streamflows that are broadly consistent with observed data from several drainage basins in the US. Simulated historical soil moisture fields reproduce several features of the available observed soil moisture in the Midwest. The simulations produce large-scale coherent seasonal patterns of soil moisture field- moments over the conterminous US, with high soil moisture means over divisions in the Ohio Valley, the northeastern US and the Pacific Northwest, and with pronounced low means in most of the western US climate divisions. Characteristically low field-standard- deviations are produced for the Ohio Valley and northeastern US, and the Pacific Northwest in winter, and the southwestern US in summer. Differences in extreme standardized anomalies of soil moisture over the historical record range possess high values (2.5 - 3) in the central US where the available water capacity of the soils is high.\r\n\r\nAn application of the model to exemplify the methodology for determining projected US monthly soil moisture fields under control and greenhouse gas forcing is also documented. Climate simulations of the coupled global climate model from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis were used for these sensitivity examples. The climatology of the control-run soil moisture fields reproduces several characteristic features of the historical soil moisture climatology. Simulations with forcing by a 1% greenhouse-gas- increase scenario show that for at least the first few decades of the 21 st Century somewhat drier-than-present soil conditions are projected, with highest drying trends found in the southeastern US. The soil moisture deficits in most areas are of the same order of magnitude as the soil moisture field-standard- deviations aris ing from historical natural variability. In a companion paper (Brumbelow and A. Georgakakos, 2000), the monthly soil moisture fields for the historical, control and greenhouse-gas-increase runs are used to initialize a site-specific daily crop yield model at the start of the growing season. Assessments of potential impacts of climate variability and trends on irrigation requirements and crop yield across the conterminous US are made.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00335","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Georgakakos, K.P., and Smith, D.E., 2000, Soil moisture tendencies into the next century for the conterminous United States (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-335, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00335.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1315,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-335/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69823f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Georgakakos, Konstantine P.","contributorId":56676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"Konstantine","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Diane E.","contributorId":72018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22656,"text":"ofr00333 - 2000 - Assessment of Folsom Lake Watershed response to historical and potential future climate scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr00333","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-333","title":"Assessment of Folsom Lake Watershed response to historical and potential future climate scenarios","docAbstract":"An integrated forecast-control system was designed to allow the profitable use of ensemble forecasts for the operational management of multi-purpose reservoirs. The system ingests large-scale climate model monthly precipitation through the adjustment of the marginal distribution of reservoir-catchment precipitation to reflect occurrence of monthly climate precipitation amounts in the extreme terciles of their distribution. Generation of ensemble reservoir inflow forecasts is then accomplished with due account for atmospheric- forcing and hydrologic- model uncertainties. These ensemble forecasts are ingested by the decision component of the integrated system, which generates non- inferior trade-off surfaces and, given management preferences, estimates of reservoir- management benefits over given periods. In collaboration with the Bureau of Reclamation and the California Nevada River Forecast Center, the integrated system is applied to Folsom Lake in California to evaluate the benefits for flood control, hydroelectric energy production, and low flow augmentation. In addition to retrospective studies involving the historical period 1964-1993, system simulations were performed for the future period 2001-2030, under a control (constant future greenhouse-gas concentrations assumed at the present levels) and a greenhouse-gas- increase (1-% per annum increase assumed) scenario. The present paper presents and validates ensemble 30-day reservoir- inflow forecasts under a variety of situations. Corresponding reservoir management results are presented in Yao and Georgakakos, A., this issue. Principle conclusions of this paper are that the integrated system provides reliable ensemble inflow volume forecasts at the 5-% confidence level for the majority of the deciles of forecast frequency, and that the use of climate model simulations is beneficial mainly during high flow periods. It is also found that, for future periods with potential sharp climatic increases of precipitation amount and to maintain good reliability levels, operational ensemble inflow forecasting should involve atmospheric forcing from appropriate climatic periods.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00333","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, T.M., and Georgakakos, K.P., 2000, Assessment of Folsom Lake Watershed response to historical and potential future climate scenarios (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-333, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00333.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1419,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-333/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6693a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Theresa M.","contributorId":34772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Georgakakos, Konstantine P.","contributorId":56676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"Konstantine","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23469,"text":"ofr00506 - 2000 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the Antelope Valley-Bedell Flat area, west-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:32:55.643478","indexId":"ofr00506","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-506","title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the Antelope Valley-Bedell Flat area, west-central Nevada","docAbstract":"In April 2000 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established 211 gravity stations in the Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat area of west-central Nevada (see figure 1). The stations were located about 15 miles north of Reno, Nevada, southwest of Dogskin Mountain, and east of Petersen Mountain, concentrated in Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat (figure 2). The ranges in this area primarily consist of normal-faulted Cretaceous granitic rocks, with some volcanic and metavolcanic rocks.\n\nThe purpose of the survey was to characterize the hydrogeologic framework of Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat in support of future hydrologic investigations. The information developed during this study can be used in groundwater models.\n\nGravity data were collected between latitude 39°37.5' and 40°00' N and longitude 119°37.5' and 120°00' W. The stations were located on the Seven Lakes Mountain, Dogskin Mountain, Granite Peak, Bedell Flat, Fraser Flat, and Reno NE 7.5 minute quadrangles. All data were tied to secondary base station RENO-A located on the campus of the University of Nevada at Reno (UNR) in Reno, Nevada (latitude 39°32.30' N, longitude 119°48.70' W, observed gravity value 979674.69 mGal). The value for observed gravity was calculated by multiple ties to the base station RENO (latitude 39°32.30' N, longitude 119°48.70' W, observed gravity value 979674.65 mGal), also on the UNR campus. The isostatic gravity map (figure 3) includes additional data sets from the following sources: 202 stations from a Geological Survey digital data set (Ponce, 1997), and 126 stations from Thomas C. Carpenter (written commun., 1998).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00506","usgsCitation":"Jewel, E.B., Ponce, D.A., and Morin, R.L., 2000, Principal facts for gravity stations in the Antelope Valley-Bedell Flat area, west-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-506, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00506.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0506/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0506/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52782,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0506/pdf/of00-506.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414299,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34762.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Valley, Bedell Flat","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120,\n              39.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.625,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.625,\n              39.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              39.625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667dba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jewel, Eleanore B.","contributorId":91787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewel","given":"Eleanore","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":23967,"text":"ofr00518 - 2000 - Basement structure beneath Langford Well Lake basin, Fort Irwin, California, based on inversion of gravity data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:32:17.056698","indexId":"ofr00518","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-518","title":"Basement structure beneath Langford Well Lake basin, Fort Irwin, California, based on inversion of gravity data","docAbstract":"Gravity data were used to study the basement structure of Langford Well Lake basin at the U.S. Army National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California. Figure 1 shows the location of the study area. During 1996 and 1999, 290 new gravity stations were measured. These data were merged with existing data to produce a depth-to-basement map, which, in turn was converted to a structure map of the basement surface below alluvial fill. This information can be used to help interpret water flow and reservoir capacity of the basin. In addition, gravity gradients were used to suggest locations of faults through or below alluvial fill. These gradients may be evidence for repositioning or extending mapped faults.\n\nThe locations of gravity stations are shown in figure 2 plotted on a colored grid of topographic elevations generated from 30 m DEM's (Digital Elevation Models). As shown by figure 3, gravity data used in this study are sufficiently accurate to permit 1-mGal contour intervals. Much of the older regional data in this study area are of lesser quality although they were included because they sufficiently represent regional gravity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00518","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.L., 2000, Basement structure beneath Langford Well Lake basin, Fort Irwin, California, based on inversion of gravity data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-518, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00518.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154973,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00518.jpg"},{"id":282005,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0518/pdf/of00-518.pdf"},{"id":1670,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0518/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Fort Irwin, Langford Well Lake Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,35.0 ], [ -116.75,35.25 ], [ -116.583333,35.25 ], [ -116.583333,35.0 ], [ -116.75,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22011,"text":"ofr00508 - 2000 - Parameterizing century to model cultivated and noncultivated sites in the Loess region of western Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-05T10:04:40","indexId":"ofr00508","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-508","title":"Parameterizing century to model cultivated and noncultivated sites in the Loess region of western Iowa","docAbstract":"One of the main questions remaining for global science involves the cycle of carbon among the atmosphere, oceans, and land. Scientists are trying to better determine the amount of carbon stored in and transferred between these three locations. This task has become more complex because in recent decades the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere has increased due to the burning of fossil fuels and land-use changes. The amount of this increase is greater than the amount of carbon accumulating in the atmosphere and oceans. Many scientists are studying different terrestrial ecosystems to find this 'missing\" carbon. One such project is the Mississippi Basin Carbon Project (MBCP) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). MBCP is studying the soils and sediments of the Mississippi River Basin, with an emphasis on understanding human influences on erosion and thus the movement of carbon within a landscape.\n\nOne goal of the MBCP is to understand, at the field scale, the key processes of erosion and sedimentation, and thus the movement of carbon, in upland areas. Both field measurements and modeling efforts are being used for this purpose. On the modeling front, the Century Model is being used to describe the historical carbon dynamics for two field sites, an agricultural field and uncultivated prairie, located in the loess region of western Iowa. The objective of these modeling efforts is to recreate the carbon dynamics of the upper slope in each of these watersheds. The upper slope represents the area of a hillslope with the greatest potential erosion. This report describes how Century was parameterized to represent these two sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00508","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Manies, K.L., Harden, J.W., Kramer, L., and Parton, W., 2000, Parameterizing century to model cultivated and noncultivated sites in the Loess region of western Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-508, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00508.","productDescription":"30 p.","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":555,"text":"Soil Biogeochemistry Group","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1181,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0508/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0508/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51480,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0508/pdf/of00-508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Pottawattamie County","city":"Treynor","otherGeospatial":"Deep Loess Research Station","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.620333,41.225164 ], [ -95.620333,41.236857 ], [ -95.597545,41.236857 ], [ -95.597545,41.225164 ], [ -95.620333,41.225164 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68938d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kramer, Larry","contributorId":45954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parton, William","contributorId":75175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parton","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}