Diving ducks are the most abundant group of waterfowl that overwinter in the open bays and ponds of San Francisco Bay (SFB). Species within this group are primarily benthivores that dive to obtain their macroinvertebrate prey in bottom sediments, although at times they may eat plant matter or forage in the water column. These migratory species include bay ducks (lesser scaup Aythya affinis, greater scaup A. marila, canvasback A. valisineria), sea ducks (surf scoter Melanitta perspicillata and bufflehead Bucephala albeola), and a stiff-tailed duck (ruddy duck Oxyura jamaicensis). These species vary from largest to smallest body mass: canvasback, greater scaup, surf scoter, lesser scaup, ruddy duck, and bufflehead.
Their breeding grounds range from Central Valley grasslands, intermountain wetlands, prairie potholes, boreal forest, and Arctic tundra. Their wintering populations in SFB are most abundant between October and April, and SFB comprises up to 50% of the number counted during midwinter surveys on the lower Pacific coast. Species are found in all SFB regions, but greater scaup and surf scoter are most often seen in subtidal to intertidal waters and are not commonly found in baylands. In contrast, ruddy duck and bufflehead populations are most abundant in baylands, particularly in managed ponds. Canvasbacks are commonly found at estuaries or creek mouths.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The baylands and climate change what we can do: Baylands ecosystem habitat goals science update 2015","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"California State Coastal Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., De La Cruz, S., Ackerman, J., and Yarris, G., 2015, Science foundation Chapter 5 Appendix 5.1: Case study diving ducks, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-060710","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":310637,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://baylandsgoals.org/case-studies/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.29406738281249,\n 36.86204269508728\n ],\n [\n -120.8551025390625,\n 36.86204269508728\n ],\n [\n -120.8551025390625,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -123.29406738281249,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -123.29406738281249,\n 36.86204269508728\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d539e4b0e541a03d452d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De La Cruz, Susan sdelacruz@usgs.gov","contributorId":131159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De La Cruz","given":"Susan","email":"sdelacruz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yarris, Gregory S.","contributorId":115361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarris","given":"Gregory S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159391,"text":"70159391 - 2015 - Science foundation Chapter 5 Appendix 5.1: Case study Forester's tern (Sterna forsteri) and California least tern (Sternula antillarum browni)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T09:15:45","indexId":"70159391","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Science foundation Chapter 5 Appendix 5.1: Case study Forester's tern (Sterna forsteri) and California least tern (Sternula antillarum browni)","docAbstract":"This case study considers two tern species that breed within the San Francisco Bay Estuary, Forster’s Terns (Sterna forsteri) and California Least Terns (Sternula antillarum browni). Forster’s Terns are medium-sized (140 g) terns that breed in coastal and interior marshes of North America. Forster’s Terns can exploit ephemeral habitats, and colony locations often move among years with change in habitat suitability and resource availability. Least Terns are smaller-sized (45 g) terns that breed along beaches and major interior rivers of North America, and winter along marine coastlines in Central and South America. Forster’s Terns and California Least Terns breeding in San Francisco Bay tend to use the same nesting colony locations each years.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The baylands and climate change what we can do: Baylands ecosystem habitat goals science update 2015","language":"English","publisher":"California State Coastal Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Hartman, C.A., and Strong, C., 2015, Science foundation Chapter 5 Appendix 5.1: Case study Forester's tern (Sterna forsteri) and California least tern (Sternula antillarum browni), 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-060675","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":310640,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://baylandsgoals.org/case-studies/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.29406738281249,\n 36.86204269508728\n ],\n [\n -120.8551025390625,\n 36.86204269508728\n ],\n [\n -120.8551025390625,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -123.29406738281249,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -123.29406738281249,\n 36.86204269508728\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d539e4b0e541a03d452b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartman, C. Alex 0000-0002-7222-1633 chartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-1633","contributorId":131157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"C.","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strong, Cheryl","contributorId":149428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strong","given":"Cheryl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159477,"text":"70159477 - 2015 - Gunnison Sage-Grouse Centrocercus minimus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T14:59:45","indexId":"70159477","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Gunnison Sage-Grouse Centrocercus minimus","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Birds of North America","usgsCitation":"Young, J., Braun, C., Oyler-McCance, S.J., Aldridge, C.L., Magee, P., and Schroeder, M.A., 2015, Gunnison Sage-Grouse Centrocercus minimus, HTML document.","productDescription":"HTML document","ipdsId":"IP-065864","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310987,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/721/articles/introduction"},{"id":340730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.09423828125,\n 37.666429212090605\n ],\n [\n -105.35888671875,\n 37.666429212090605\n ],\n [\n -105.35888671875,\n 39.62261494094297\n ],\n [\n -109.09423828125,\n 39.62261494094297\n ],\n [\n -109.09423828125,\n 37.666429212090605\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59099aaee4b0fc4e449157f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Jessica R.","contributorId":50837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Jessica R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braun, Clait E.","contributorId":97169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Clait E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Magee, Patrick","contributorId":149678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magee","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6693,"text":"Western State Colorado University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schroeder, Michael A.","contributorId":26053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70158660,"text":"70158660 - 2015 - Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima Torr.): State of our knowledge and future challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T11:29:12","indexId":"70158660","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima Torr.): State of our knowledge and future challenges","docAbstract":"Covering 130,000 square miles and a wide range of elevations from desert to alpine in Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico, the Colorado Plateau has long fascinated researchers. The Colorado Plateau VI provides readers with a plethora of updates and insights into land conservation and management questions currently surrounding the region.\n\nThe Colorado Plateau VI’s contributors show how new technologies for monitoring, spatial analysis, restoration, and collaboration improve our understanding, management, and conservation of outcomes at the appropriate landscape scale for the Colorado Plateau. The volume’s chapters fall into five major themes: monitoring as a key tool for addressing management challenges, restoration approaches to improving ecosystem condition and function, collaboration and organizational innovations to achieve conservation and management objectives, landscape-scale approaches to understanding, and managing key species and ecological communities.\n\n Focusing on the integration of science into resource management issues over the Colorado Plateau, this volume includes contributions from dozens of leading scholars of the region. The Colorado Plateau VI proves a valuable resource to all interested in the conservation management, natural history, and cultural biological resources of the Colorado Plateau.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Colorado plateau VI: Science and management at the landscape scale","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona Press","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, R.L., Pendleton, B.K., Meyer, S.E., Richardson, B., Esque, T., and Kitchen, S.G., 2015, Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima Torr.): State of our knowledge and future challenges, in The Colorado plateau VI: Science and management at the landscape scale, p. 142-159.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"159","ipdsId":"IP-063307","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":309501,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.uapress.arizona.edu/Books/bid2511.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":" Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.357421875,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -111.9287109375,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 36.474306755095235\n ],\n [\n -113.13720703125,\n 36.13787471840729\n ],\n [\n -112.96142578125,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -112.412109375,\n 34.66935854524543\n ],\n [\n -110.98388671874999,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -110.302734375,\n 34.125447565116126\n ],\n [\n -109.9951171875,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -108.4130859375,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -107.73193359375,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -107.24853515625,\n 33.88865750124075\n ],\n [\n -106.435546875,\n 34.903952965590065\n ],\n [\n -106.5234375,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -106.74316406249999,\n 36.79169061907076\n ],\n [\n -107.6220703125,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -107.99560546875,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -108.34716796875,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -107.68798828125,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -107.86376953125,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -108.17138671875,\n 39.2492708462234\n ],\n [\n -108.06152343749999,\n 40.195659093364654\n ],\n [\n -108.43505859374999,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -108.91845703124999,\n 40.43022363450862\n ],\n [\n -109.7314453125,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 39.50404070558415\n ],\n [\n -111.357421875,\n 38.736946065676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53ae4b0e541a03d4533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Rosemary L.","contributorId":69882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Rosemary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, Burton K.","contributorId":107187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Burton","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Susan E.","contributorId":20251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richardson, Bryce A.","contributorId":37249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Bryce A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":145679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kitchen, Stanley G.","contributorId":60530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchen","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70159399,"text":"70159399 - 2015 - Science foundation Chapter 5 Appendix 5.1: Case study shore birds: Western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) and American avocets (Recurvirostra Americana)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T09:03:44","indexId":"70159399","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Science foundation Chapter 5 Appendix 5.1: Case study shore birds: Western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) and American avocets (Recurvirostra Americana)","docAbstract":"Western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) are small (22-35 g) sexually dimorphic sandpipers, with males typically smaller than females. Western sandpipers frequently occur in mixed species flocks along with other Calidris species, including least sandpipers (Calidris minutilla) and dunlin (Calidris alpina), in the San Francisco Bay Estuary (SFBE) and are the most abundant shorebird species found from fall to spring. Western sandpipers are one of the most common shorebird species in SFBE, the Pacific Flyway, and North America overall. The largest concentrations of western sandpipers, and of most shorebirds, are found in the South Bay where large expanses of mudflats are exposed at low tide and managed and/or salt ponds are available for high tide roosting and feeding habitat (Warnock et al 2002, Warnock and Takekawa 1995). In recent years, there is some evidence that there has been a shift in shorebird numbers towards the North Bay, perhaps as large salt pond restoration projects provide interim mud flat habitat during the evolution towards tidal marsh habitat (Pitkin and Wood, 2011).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The baylands and climate change what we can do: Baylands ecosystem habitat goals science update 2015","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"California State Coastal Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Strong, C., and Ackerman, J., 2015, Science foundation Chapter 5 Appendix 5.1: Case study shore birds: Western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) and American avocets (Recurvirostra Americana), 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-060616","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":310649,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://baylandsgoals.org/case-studies/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.29406738281249,\n 36.86204269508728\n ],\n [\n -120.8551025390625,\n 36.86204269508728\n ],\n [\n -120.8551025390625,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -123.29406738281249,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -123.29406738281249,\n 36.86204269508728\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d539e4b0e541a03d4529","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strong, Cheryl","contributorId":149428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strong","given":"Cheryl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190299,"text":"70190299 - 2015 - The evolution of mapping habitat for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina): A comparison of photo-interpreted, Landsat-based, and lidar-based habitat maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T12:12:24","indexId":"70190299","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The evolution of mapping habitat for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina): A comparison of photo-interpreted, Landsat-based, and lidar-based habitat maps","title":"The evolution of mapping habitat for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina): A comparison of photo-interpreted, Landsat-based, and lidar-based habitat maps","docAbstract":"Wildlife habitat mapping has evolved at a rapid pace over the last few decades. Beginning with simple, often subjective, hand-drawn maps, habitat mapping now involves complex species distribution models (SDMs) using mapped predictor variables derived from remotely sensed data. For species that inhabit large geographic areas, remote sensing technology is often essential for producing range wide maps. Habitat monitoring for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), whose geographic covers about 23 million ha, is based on SDMs that use Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery to create forest vegetation data layers using gradient nearest neighbor (GNN) methods. Vegetation data layers derived from GNN are modeled relationships between forest inventory plot data, climate and topographic data, and the spectral signatures acquired by the satellite. When used as predictor variables for SDMs, there is some transference of the GNN modeling error to the final habitat map.
Recent increases in the use of light detection and ranging (lidar) data, coupled with the need to produce spatially accurate and detailed forest vegetation maps have spurred interest in its use for SDMs and habitat mapping. Instead of modeling predictor variables from remotely sensed spectral data, lidar provides direct measurements of vegetation height for use in SDMs. We expect a SDM habitat map produced from directly measured predictor variables to be more accurate than one produced from modeled predictors.
We used maximum entropy (Maxent) SDM modeling software to compare predictive performance and estimates of habitat area between Landsat-based and lidar-based northern spotted owl SDMs and habitat maps. We explored the differences and similarities between these maps, and to a pre-existing aerial photo-interpreted habitat map produced by local wildlife biologists. The lidar-based map had the highest predictive performance based on 10 bootstrapped replicate models (AUC = 0.809 ± 0.011), but the performance of the Landsat-based map was within acceptable limits (AUC = 0.717 ± 0.021). As is common with photo-interpreted maps, there was no accuracy assessment available for comparison. The photo-interpreted map produced the highest and lowest estimates of habitat area, depending on which habitat classes were included (nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat = 9962 ha, nesting habitat only = 6036 ha). The Landsat-based map produced an estimate of habitat area that was within this range (95% CI: 6679–9592 ha), while the lidar-based map produced an area estimate similar to what was interpreted by local wildlife biologists as nesting (i.e., high quality) habitat using aerial imagery (95% CI: 5453–7216). Confidence intervals of habitat area estimates from the SDMs based on Landsat and lidar overlapped.
We concluded that both Landsat- and lidar-based SDMs produced reasonable maps and area estimates for northern spotted owl habitat within the study area. The lidar-based map was more precise and spatially similar to what local wildlife biologists considered spotted owl nesting habitat. The Landsat-based map provided a less precise spatial representation of habitat within the relatively small geographic confines of the study area, but habitat area estimates were similar to both the photo-interpreted and lidar-based maps.
Photo-interpreted maps are time consuming to produce, subjective in nature, and difficult to replicate. SDMs provide a framework for efficiently producing habitat maps that can be replicated as habitat conditions change over time, provided that comparable remotely sensed data are available. When the SDM uses predictor variables extracted from lidar data, it can produce a habitat map that is both accurate and useful at large and small spatial scales. In comparison, SDMs using Landsat-based data are more appropriate for large scale analyses of amounts and general spatial patterns of habitat at regional scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2014.09.025","usgsCitation":"Ackers, S.H., Davis, R.J., Olsen, K., and Dugger, K., 2015, The evolution of mapping habitat for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina): A comparison of photo-interpreted, Landsat-based, and lidar-based habitat maps: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 156, p. 361-373, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.09.025.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"373","ipdsId":"IP-049418","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599fe5bae4b038630d022104","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackers, Steven H.","contributorId":36065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackers","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Raymond J.","contributorId":150574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, K.","contributorId":61570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X cdugger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":4399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"cdugger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70147404,"text":"70147404 - 2015 - Point-source stochastic-method simulations of ground motions for the PEER NGA-East Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T09:04:39","indexId":"70147404","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Point-source stochastic-method simulations of ground motions for the PEER NGA-East Project","docAbstract":"Ground-motions for the PEER NGA-East project were simulated using a point-source stochastic method. The simulated motions are provided for distances between of 0 and 1200 km, M from 4 to 8, and 25 ground-motion intensity measures: peak ground velocity (PGV), peak ground acceleration (PGA), and 5%-damped pseudoabsolute response spectral acceleration (PSA) for 23 periods ranging from 0.01 s to 10.0 s. Tables of motions are provided for each of six attenuation models. The attenuation-model-dependent stress parameters used in the stochastic-method simulations were derived from inversion of PSA data from eight earthquakes in eastern North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"NGA-East Median Ground-Motion Models for the Central and Eastern North America Region","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER)","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., 2015, Point-source stochastic-method simulations of ground motions for the PEER NGA-East Project, 39 p.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-062687","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342368,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://peer.berkeley.edu/publications/peer_reports/reports_2015/reports_2015.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593fa831e4b0764e6c62794b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David 0000-0002-8605-9673 boore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":140502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189739,"text":"70189739 - 2015 - Stress and mass changes at a “wet” volcano: Example during the 2011–2012 volcanic unrest at Kawah Ijen volcano (Indonesia)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T08:17:36","indexId":"70189739","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress and mass changes at a “wet” volcano: Example during the 2011–2012 volcanic unrest at Kawah Ijen volcano (Indonesia)","docAbstract":"Since 2010, Kawah Ijen volcano has been equipped with seismometers, and its extremely\nacid volcanic lake has been monitored using temperature and leveling sensors, providing unprecedented\ntime resolution of multiparametric data for an acidic volcanic lake. The nature of stress and mass changes\nof the volcano is studied by combining seismic analyses and volcanic lake measurements that were made\nduring the strongest unrest ever recorded by the seismic network at Kawah Ijen. The distal VT earthquake\nswarm that occurred in May 2011 was the precursor of volcanic unrest in October 2011 that caused an\nincrease in shallow earthquakes. The proximal VT earthquakes opened pathways for fluids to ascend by\nincreasing the permeability of the rock matrix. The following months were characterized by two periods\nof strong heat and mass discharge into the lake and by the initiation of monochromatic tremor (MT)\nactivity when steam/gases interacted with shallow portions of the aquifer. Significant seismic velocity\nvariations, concurrent with water level rises in which water contained a large amount of steam/gas, were\nassociated with the crises, that caused an although the unrest did not affect the shallow hydrothermal\nsystem at a large scale. Whereas shallow VT earthquakes likely reflect a magmatic intrusion, MT and relative\nseismic velocity changes are clearly associated with shallow hydrothermal processes. These results will\nfacilitate the forecast of future crises.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011590","usgsCitation":"Caudron, C., Lecocq, T., Syahbana, D.K., McCausland, W., Watlet, A., Camelbeeck, T., Bernard, A., and , S., 2015, Stress and mass changes at a “wet” volcano: Example during the 2011–2012 volcanic unrest at Kawah Ijen volcano (Indonesia): Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 120, no. 7, p. 5117-5134, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011590.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"5117","endPage":"5134","ipdsId":"IP-060482","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011590","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","otherGeospatial":"Kawah Ijen","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 111.6595458984375,\n -9.497826059631086\n ],\n [\n 116.40563964843749,\n -9.497826059631086\n ],\n [\n 116.40563964843749,\n -6.48452534126518\n ],\n [\n 111.6595458984375,\n -6.48452534126518\n ],\n [\n 111.6595458984375,\n -9.497826059631086\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59770750e4b0ec1a48889f7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caudron, Corentin","contributorId":194972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caudron","given":"Corentin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lecocq, Thomas","contributorId":141030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lecocq","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13659,"text":"Royal Observatory of Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Syahbana, Devy K.","contributorId":194994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Syahbana","given":"Devy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCausland, Wendy wmccausland@usgs.gov","contributorId":5497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCausland","given":"Wendy","email":"wmccausland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watlet, Arnaud","contributorId":194995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watlet","given":"Arnaud","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Camelbeeck, Thierry","contributorId":141031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camelbeeck","given":"Thierry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13659,"text":"Royal Observatory of Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bernard, Alain","contributorId":194976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernard","given":"Alain","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":" Surono","contributorId":149582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"Surono","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70194469,"text":"70194469 - 2015 - Foundations of water quality monitoring and assessment in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T10:52:01","indexId":"70194469","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Foundations of water quality monitoring and assessment in the United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Food, Energy, and Water: The Chemistry Connection","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","isbn":"9780128002117","usgsCitation":"Myers, D.N., 2015, Foundations of water quality monitoring and assessment in the United States, chap. of Food, Energy, and Water: The Chemistry Connection, p. 21-92.","productDescription":"72 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"92","ipdsId":"IP-051115","costCenters":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349493,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/food-energy-and-water/ahuja/978-0-12-800211-7"}],"edition":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3be4b06e28e9c252c4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ahuja, Satinder","contributorId":59343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahuja","given":"Satinder","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724015,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Donna N. 0000-0001-6359-2865 dnmyers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6359-2865","contributorId":512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Donna","email":"dnmyers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194338,"text":"70194338 - 2015 - Testing the effectiveness of automated acoustic sensors for monitoring vocal activity of Marbled Murrelets Brachyramphus marmoratus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T10:02:35","indexId":"70194338","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Testing the effectiveness of automated acoustic sensors for monitoring vocal activity of Marbled Murrelets Brachyramphus marmoratus","title":"Testing the effectiveness of automated acoustic sensors for monitoring vocal activity of Marbled Murrelets Brachyramphus marmoratus","docAbstract":"Cryptic nest sites and secretive breeding behavior make population estimates and monitoring of Marbled Murrelets Brachyramphus marmoratus difficult and expensive. Standard audio-visual and radar protocols have been refined but require intensive field time by trained personnel. We examined the detection range of automated sound recorders (Song Meters; Wildlife Acoustics Inc.) and the reliability of automated recognition models (“recognizers”) for identifying and quantifying Marbled Murrelet vocalizations during the 2011 and 2012 breeding seasons at Kodiak Island, Alaska. The detection range of murrelet calls by Song Meters was estimated to be 60 m. Recognizers detected 20 632 murrelet calls (keer and keheer) from a sample of 268 h of recordings, yielding 5 870 call series, which compared favorably with human scanning of spectrograms (on average detecting 95% of the number of call series identified by a human observer, but not necessarily the same call series). The false-negative rate (percentage of murrelet call series that the recognizers failed to detect) was 32%, mainly involving weak calls and short call series. False-positives (other sounds included by recognizers as murrelet calls) were primarily due to complex songs of other bird species, wind and rain. False-positives were lower in forest nesting habitat (48%) and highest in shrubby vegetation where calls of other birds were common (97%–99%). Acoustic recorders tracked spatial and seasonal trends in vocal activity, with higher call detections in high-quality forested habitat and during late July/early August. Automated acoustic monitoring of Marbled Murrelet calls could provide cost-effective, valuable information for assessing habitat use and temporal and spatial trends in nesting activity; reliability is dependent on careful placement of sensors to minimize false-positives and on prudent application of digital recognizers with visual checking of spectrograms.","language":"English","publisher":"Marine Ornithology","usgsCitation":"Cragg, J.L., Burger, A.E., and Piatt, J.F., 2015, Testing the effectiveness of automated acoustic sensors for monitoring vocal activity of Marbled Murrelets Brachyramphus marmoratus: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 43, no. 2, p. 151-160.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-057686","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349294,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.marineornithology.org/content/get.cgi?rn=1124"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.92919921875,\n 57.326521225217064\n ],\n [\n -154.76440429687497,\n 57.237448817822425\n ],\n [\n -154.610595703125,\n 57.1302771818769\n ],\n [\n -154.632568359375,\n 57.022794415389725\n ],\n [\n -154.51171875,\n 56.9149999944584\n ],\n [\n -154.3798828125,\n 56.83094409085875\n ],\n [\n -154.39086914062497,\n 56.71053615360101\n ],\n [\n -154.57763671874997,\n 56.626020608371924\n ],\n [\n -154.75341796875,\n 56.601838481314694\n ],\n [\n -154.86328125,\n 56.4199784113855\n ],\n [\n -154.76440429687497,\n 56.32262930069559\n ],\n [\n -154.599609375,\n 56.389583525613055\n ],\n [\n -154.46777343749997,\n 56.444276846622905\n ],\n [\n -154.237060546875,\n 56.46249048388979\n ],\n [\n -154.13818359375,\n 56.432129570086204\n ],\n [\n -153.885498046875,\n 56.523139564372194\n ],\n [\n -153.74267578125,\n 56.70450561416937\n ],\n [\n -153.6328125,\n 56.8249328650072\n ],\n [\n -153.12744140624997,\n 57.052681978717494\n ],\n [\n -152.55615234375,\n 57.314657355733274\n ],\n [\n -152.05078125,\n 57.468589192089354\n ],\n [\n -152.07275390625,\n 57.70414723434193\n ],\n [\n -152.29248046875,\n 57.77451753559619\n ],\n [\n -152.33642578125,\n 57.97315745102812\n ],\n [\n -152.07275390625,\n 58.06625598088454\n ],\n [\n -151.5673828125,\n 58.182288761718965\n ],\n [\n -151.78710937499997,\n 58.37867853932655\n ],\n [\n -152.138671875,\n 58.48220919993359\n ],\n [\n -152.20458984375,\n 58.63121664342478\n ],\n [\n -152.40234375,\n 58.73400476743346\n ],\n [\n -152.7978515625,\n 58.55106062287748\n ],\n [\n -153.21533203125,\n 58.344100629556614\n ],\n [\n -153.56689453125,\n 58.0546319113729\n ],\n [\n -153.74267578125,\n 57.938183012205315\n ],\n [\n -154.05029296875,\n 57.89149735271034\n ],\n [\n -154.18212890625,\n 57.72761921621492\n ],\n [\n -154.48974609375,\n 57.72761921621492\n ],\n [\n -154.775390625,\n 57.61010702068388\n ],\n [\n -154.92919921875,\n 57.326521225217064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3be4b06e28e9c252c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cragg, Jenna L.","contributorId":200795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cragg","given":"Jenna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burger, Alan E.","contributorId":179916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burger","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193683,"text":"70193683 - 2015 - Regulating services as measures of ecological resilience on DoD lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T10:20:18","indexId":"70193683","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"Project RC-201114","title":"Regulating services as measures of ecological resilience on DoD lands","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the capacity and flow of ecosystem services can help DoD land managers make decisions that enhance cost-effectiveness, minimize environmental damage, and maximize resources available for military missions. We demonstrated a methodology to quantify and map selected regulating services (RS), which helps land managers envision tradeoffs. Our objectives were to 1) estimate current capacity of and demand for selected RS within DoD lands, 2) examine the effects of future DoD land management and climate changes on the capacity and flow of these RS, and 3) project how land-use and climate changes in nearby lands affect future demand for RS. Our approach incorporates widely accepted models and equations, remote sensing, GIS analysis, and stakeholder involvement. Required data include land cover/use, soil type, precipitation, and air temperature. We integrated data into the a) Surface Curve Number Method and b) Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation to estimate capacity of sediment, nitrogen (N) and surface-water regulation. Capacities and flows of RS vary greatly across landscapes and are likely to vary as climate changes or development occurs. Analyses of RS capacity and flow can help managers and planners prioritize actions in the context of best management practices and compatible use buffers. Staff surveys indicated that our approach was informative and easy to use. Implementation may be most limited by on-installation personnel time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Angermeier, P.L., and Villamagna, A.M., 2015, Regulating services as measures of ecological resilience on DoD lands, v, 93 p.","productDescription":"v, 93 p.","ipdsId":"IP-064228","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency/Natural-Resources/Watershed-Processes-and-Management/RC-201114"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3be4b06e28e9c252cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villamagna, Amy M.","contributorId":201421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villamagna","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141198,"text":"70141198 - 2015 - Long-term monitoring program: Evaluating chronic exposure of harlequin ducks and sea otters to lingering Exxon Valdez Oil in Western Prince William Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T13:08:31","indexId":"70141198","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Long-term monitoring program: Evaluating chronic exposure of harlequin ducks and sea otters to lingering Exxon Valdez Oil in Western Prince William Sound","docAbstract":"We found that average cytochrome P4501A induction (as measured by EROD activity) during March 2014 was not elevated in wintering harlequin ducks captured in areas of Prince William Sound oiled by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, relative to those captured in unoiled areas. This result is consistent with findings from March 2013. We interpret these findings to indicate that exposure of harlequin ducks to residual Exxon Valdez oil abated within 24 years after the original spill. Results from preceding sampling in 2011 indicated that EROD activity was elevated in harlequin ducks in oiled relative to unoiled areas, although the magnitude of elevation was lower than in previous years (1998-2009), suggesting that the rate or intensity of exposure was diminishing by 2011. The data presented in this report add to a growing body of literature indicating that persistence of oil in the environment, and exposure of wildlife to that oil, can occur over much longer time frames than previously assumed.
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Many of these mechanisms can lead to isotopic fractionation, thus measurement of metal isotopes may yield insights into the processes by which organisms respond to metal exposure. We illustrate these concepts with two case studies, one involving an intra- and the other an extra-cellular mechanism of Zn sequestration. In the first study, the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer was grown in the laboratory, and fed a diet of Zn-doped diatoms at Zn levels exceeding the requirements for normal mayfly life functions. The N. triangulifer larvae consumed the diatoms and retained their Zn isotopic signature. Upon metamorphosis, the subimago life stage lost Zn mass either in the exuvia or by excretion, and the Zn retained was isotopically enriched. Thus, Zn uptake is nonfractionating, but Zn regulation favors the lighter isotope. Thus the Zn remaining in the subimago was isotopically heavier. In the second study, Zn was adsorbed on the cell walls and exopolysaccharide secretions of cyanobacteria, which favored the heavier Zn isotope. Continued adsorption eventually resulted in nucleation and biomineralization of hydrozincite {Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6}. These case studies demonstrate the utility of Zn isotopes to provide insights into how aquatic insects respond to metal exposure.","conferenceTitle":"11th Applied Isotope Geochemistery Conference AIG-1","conferenceDate":"September 21-25, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Orléans, France","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.014","usgsCitation":"Wanty, R.B., Balistrieri, L.S., Wesner, J.S., Walters, D., Schmidt, T., Podda, F., De Giudici, G., Stricker, C.A., Kraus, J.M., Lattanzi, P., Wolf, R.E., and Cidu, R., 2015, Isotopic insights into biological regulation of zinc in contaminated systems: Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, v. 13, p. 60-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.014.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"63","ipdsId":"IP-064095","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471544,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341068,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426bee4b0e541a03e9610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wesner, Jeff S.","contributorId":58202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesner","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walters, David 0000-0002-4237-2158 waltersd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-2158","contributorId":147135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David","email":"waltersd@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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2015 - Earthquake geology of the Bulnay Fault (Mongolia)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T09:56:15","indexId":"70189611","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake geology of the Bulnay Fault (Mongolia)","docAbstract":"The Bulnay earthquake of July 23, 1905 (Mw 8.3-8.5), in north-central Mongolia, is one of the world's largest recorded intracontinental earthquakes and one of four great earthquakes that occurred in the region during the 20th century. The 375-km-long surface rupture of the left-lateral, strike-slip, N095°E trending Bulnay Fault associated with this earthquake is remarkable for its pronounced expression across the landscape and for the size of features produced by previous earthquakes. Our field observations suggest that in many areas the width and geometry of the rupture zone is the result of repeated earthquakes; however, in those areas where it is possible to determine that the geomorphic features are the result of the 1905 surface rupture alone, the size of the features produced by this single earthquake are singular in comparison to most other historical strike-slip surface ruptures worldwide. Along the 80 km stretch, between 97.18°E and 98.33°E, the fault zone is characterized by several meters width and the mean left-lateral 1905 offset is 8.9 ± 0.6 m with two measured cumulative offsets that are twice the 1905 slip. These observations suggest that the displacement produced during the penultimate event was similar to the 1905 slip. Morphotectonic analyses carried out at three sites along the eastern part of the Bulnay fault, allow us to estimate a mean horizontal slip rate of 3.1 ± 1.7 mm/yr over the Late Pleistocene-Holocene period. In parallel, paleoseismological investigations show evidence for two earthquakes prior to the 1905 event with recurrence intervals of ~2700-4000 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120140119","usgsCitation":"Rizza, M., Ritz, J., Prentice, C.S., Vassallo, R., Braucher, R., Larroque, C., Arzhannikova, A., Arzhanikov, S., Mahan, S.A., Massault, M., Michelot, J., and Todbileg, M., 2015, Earthquake geology of the Bulnay Fault (Mongolia): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 1, p. 72-93, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140119.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"93","ipdsId":"IP-060346","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-01179837","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mongolia","otherGeospatial":"Bulnay Fault","volume":"105","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fb9e4b0d1f9f065a8b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rizza, Magali","contributorId":194806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rizza","given":"Magali","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ritz, Jean-Franciois","contributorId":194807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritz","given":"Jean-Franciois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prentice, Carol S. 0000-0003-3732-3551 cprentice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-3551","contributorId":2676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"Carol","email":"cprentice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vassallo, Ricardo","contributorId":194808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vassallo","given":"Ricardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Braucher, Regis","contributorId":194809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braucher","given":"Regis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larroque, Christophe","contributorId":194810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larroque","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arzhannikova, A.","contributorId":194811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arzhannikova","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arzhanikov, S.","contributorId":194812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arzhanikov","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Massault, M.","contributorId":194813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Massault","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Michelot, J-L.","contributorId":194814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michelot","given":"J-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Todbileg, M.","contributorId":194815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Todbileg","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70189620,"text":"70189620 - 2015 - How to recognize a “Beast Quake” and a “Dance Quake”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T09:12:12","indexId":"70189620","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How to recognize a “Beast Quake” and a “Dance Quake”","docAbstract":"Any good seismologist–carryball (i.e., American football) fan remembers the “beast quake” of 2011. Seahawks fans’ exuberant reactions to a Marshawn Lynch (in beast mode) run caused the stadium to shake enough to be well recorded on a strong‐motion seismograph a block away (Vidale, 2011). With the Seahawks at home for the National Football Conference (NFC) Championship playoffs, both last year and this year, the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) received permission to install some seismometers in the stadium. Motivations for the experiment included testing the field and telemetry equipment, examining analysis and display techniques, and practicing quick reactions to mobilize field experiments. With PNSN students and staff who are also Seahawks fans, it was not hard to get volunteers to do the installations and monitor the on‐field actions and the resulting seismograms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220150053","usgsCitation":"Malone, S., Hall, K., Simmons, L., and Vidale, J., 2015, How to recognize a “Beast Quake” and a “Dance Quake”: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 3, p. 449-450, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150053.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"450","ipdsId":"IP-063791","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"86","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fb8e4b0d1f9f065a8ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malone, Stephen","contributorId":194841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Kelley","contributorId":194842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Kelley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, Lynn lynns@usgs.gov","contributorId":194840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Lynn","email":"lynns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":705462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vidale, John","contributorId":194843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vidale","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192491,"text":"70192491 - 2015 - Factors affecting female space use in ten populations of prairie chickens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-28T15:15:01","indexId":"70192491","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting female space use in ten populations of prairie chickens","docAbstract":"Conservation of wildlife depends on an understanding of the interactions between animal movements and key landscape factors. Habitat requirements of wide-ranging species often vary spatially, but quantitative assessment of variation among replicated studies at multiple sites is rare. We investigated patterns of space use for 10 populations of two closely related species of prairie grouse: Greater Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) and Lesser Prairie-Chickens (T. pallidicinctus). Prairie chickens require large, intact tracts of native grasslands, and are umbrella species for conservation of prairie ecosystems in North America. We used resource utilization functions to investigate space use by female prairie chickens during the 6-month breeding season from March through August in relation to lek sites, habitat conditions, and anthropogenic development. Our analysis included data from 382 radio-marked individuals across a major portion of the extant range. Our project is a unique opportunity to study comparative space use of prairie chickens, and we employed standardized methods that facilitated direct comparisons across an ecological gradient of study sites. Median home range size of females varied ~10-fold across 10 sites (3.6–36.7 km2), and home ranges tended to be larger at sites with higher annual precipitation. Proximity to lek sites was a strong and consistent predictor of space use for female prairie chickens at all 10 sites. The relative importance of other predictors of space use varied among sites, indicating that generalized habitat management guidelines may not be appropriate for these two species. Prairie chickens actively selected for prairie habitats, even at sites where ~90% of the land cover within the study area was prairie. A majority of the females monitored in our study (>95%) had activity centers within 5 km of leks, suggesting that conservation efforts can be effectively concentrated near active lek sites. Our data on female space use suggest that lek surveys of male prairie chickens can indirectly assess habitat suitability for females during the breeding season. Lek monitoring and surveys for new leks provide information on population trends, but can also guide management actions aimed at improving nesting and brood-rearing habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/ES14-00536.1","usgsCitation":"Winder, V.L., Carrlson, K.M., Gregory, A.J., Hagen, C.A., Haukos, D.A., Kesler, D.C., Larsson, L.C., Matthews, T.W., McNew, L.B., Patten, M., Pitman, J.C., Powell, L., Smith, J.A., Thompson, T., Wolfe, D.H., and Sandercock, B.K., 2015, Factors affecting female space use in ten populations of prairie chickens: Ecosphere, v. 6, no. 9, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00536.1.","productDescription":"Article 166; 17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-058167","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es14-00536.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n 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scale)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-02T09:05:02","indexId":"70159253","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"2015-6","title":"Geologic maps of the eastern Alaska Range, Alaska (1:63,360 scale)","docAbstract":"This report provides a description of map units for a suite of 44 inch-to-mile (1:63,360-scale) geologic quadrangle maps of the eastern Alaska Range. This report also contains a geologic and tectonic summary and a comprehensive list of references pertaining to geologic mapping and specialized studies of the region. In addition to the geologic maps of the eastern Alaska Range, this package includes a list of map units and an explanation of map symbols and abbreviations. The geologic maps display detailed surficial and bedrock geology, structural and stratigraphic data, portrayal of the active Denali fault that bisects the core of the east–west-trending range, and portrayal of other young faults along the north and south flanks of the range.","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","doi":"10.14509/29444","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., Bond, G.C., Ferrians, O.J., Herzon, P.L., Lange, I.M., Miyaoka, R.T., Richter, D.H., Schwab, C.E., Silva, S.R., Smith, T.E., and Zehner, R.E., 2015, Geologic maps of the eastern Alaska Range, Alaska (1:63,360 scale), Maps: 45 georeferenced PDF files; Report: PDF, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.14509/29444.","productDescription":"Maps: 45 georeferenced PDF files; Report: PDF, 72 p.","ipdsId":"IP-050668","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/29444","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Alaska Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.392578125,\n 61.73152565113397\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 61.73152565113397\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 64.54844014422517\n ],\n [\n -147.392578125,\n 64.54844014422517\n ],\n [\n -147.392578125,\n 61.73152565113397\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59099aaee4b0fc4e449157f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond, Gerard C.","contributorId":149315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17701,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferrians, Oscar J. 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Species abundance patterns often reflect site-specific differences in hydrology, physical characteristics, and surrounding vegetation. Large-scale processes such as changing land cover and environmental conditions are other potential drivers influencing amphibian populations in the Upper Midwest, but little information exists on the combined effects of these factors. We used Blue-spotted (Ambystoma laterale Hallowell) and Spotted Salamander (A. maculatum Shaw) monitoring data collected at the same woodland ponds thirteen years apart to determine if changing environmental conditions and vegetation cover in surrounding landscapes influenced salamander movement phenology and abundance. Four woodland ponds in northern Wisconsin were sampled for salamanders in April 1992-1994 and 2005-2007. While Blue-spotted Salamanders were more abundant than Spotted Salamanders in all ponds, there was no change in the numbers of either species over the years. However, peak numbers of Blue-spotted Salamanders occurred 11.7 days earlier (range: 9-14 days) in the 2000s compared to the 1990s; Spotted Salamanders occurred 9.5 days earlier (range: 3 - 13 days). Air and water temperatures (April 13- 24) increased, on average, 4.8°C and 3.7°C, respectively, between the decades regardless of pond. There were no discernible changes in canopy openness in surrounding forests between decades that would have warmed the water sooner (i.e., more light penetration). Our finding that salamander breeding phenology can vary by roughly 10 days in Wisconsin contributes to growing evidence that amphibian populations have responded to changing climate conditions by shifting life-cycle events. Managers can use this information to adjust monitoring programs and forest management activities in the surrounding landscape to avoid vulnerable amphibian movement periods. Considering direct and indirect stressors such as changing habitat and environmental conditions simultaneously to better understand trends in space and time can help improve monitoring programs for this taxa, which is at major risk of continued declines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Center for North American Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Donner, D.M., Ribic, C., Beck, A.J., Higgins, D., Eklund, D., and Reinecke, S., 2015, Decadal changes in phenology of peak abundance patterns of woodland pond salamanders in northern Wisconsin: The Journal of North American Herpetology, v. 1, p. 34-42.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"42","ipdsId":"IP-052626","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":348372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://jnah.cnah.org/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Medford-Park Falls District of the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 45.63516665067313\n ],\n [\n -89.97528076171875,\n 45.63516665067313\n ],\n [\n -89.97528076171875,\n 45.94542053059529\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 45.94542053059529\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 45.63516665067313\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb1de4b09af898c8ccb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donner, Deahn M.","contributorId":171823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donner","given":"Deahn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beck, Albert J.","contributorId":200078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beck","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Higgins, Dale","contributorId":200079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgins","given":"Dale","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eklund, Dan","contributorId":200080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eklund","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reinecke, Susan","contributorId":200081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193730,"text":"70193730 - 2015 - Formulating the American Geophysical Union's Scientific Integrity and Professional Ethics Policy: Challenges and lessons learned","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-31T15:22:40.119859","indexId":"70193730","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Formulating the American Geophysical Union's Scientific Integrity and Professional Ethics Policy: Challenges and lessons learned","docAbstract":"Creating an ethics policy for a large, diverse geosciences organization is a challenge, especially in the midst of the current contentious dialogue in the media related to such issues as climate change, sustaining natural resources, and responding to natural hazards. In 2011, the American Geophysical Union (AGU) took on this challenge, creating an Ethics Task Force to update their ethics policies to better support their new Strategic Plan and respond to the changing scientific research environment. Dialogue with AGU members and others during the course of creating the new policy unveiled some of the following issues to be addressed. Scientific results and individual scientists are coming under intense political and public scrutiny, with the efficacy of the science being questioned. In some cases, scientists are asked to take sides and/or provide opinions on issues beyond their research, impacting their objectivity. Pressure related to competition for funding and the need to publish high quality and quantities of papers has led to recent high-profile plagiarism, data fabrication, and conflict of interest cases. The complexities of a continuously advancing digital environment for conducting, reviewing, and publishing science has raised concerns over the ease of plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, inappropriate peer review, and the need for better accessibility of data and methods. Finally, students and scientists need consistent education and encouragement on the importance of ethics and integrity in scientific research. The new AGU Scientific Integrity and Ethics Policy tries to address these issues and provides an inspirational code of conduct to encourage a responsible, positive, open, honest scientific research environment.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoethics: Ethical challenges and case studies in Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-799935-7.00008-3","usgsCitation":"Gundersen, L.C., and Townsend, R., 2015, Formulating the American Geophysical Union's Scientific Integrity and Professional Ethics Policy: Challenges and lessons learned, chap. 8 of Geoethics: Ethical challenges and case studies in Earth Sciences, p. 83-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-799935-7.00008-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"93","ipdsId":"IP-055893","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc5ae4b06e28e9c23d9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gundersen, Linda C. lgundersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gundersen","given":"Linda","email":"lgundersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Townsend, Randy","contributorId":199806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Townsend","given":"Randy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193365,"text":"70193365 - 2015 - Extreme variation of sulfur isotopic compositions in pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit, West Qinling orogen, central China: An in situ SIMS study with implications for the source of sulfur","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T09:38:40","indexId":"70193365","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extreme variation of sulfur isotopic compositions in pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit, West Qinling orogen, central China: An in situ SIMS study with implications for the source of sulfur","docAbstract":"High spatial resolution textural (scanning electron microscope (SEM)), chemical (electron microprobe (EMP)) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spec- trometry (LA-ICP-MS)), and sulfur isotopic (secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)) analyses of pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit (232±4 Ma) in the West Qinling orogen, central China were conducted to distinguish pyrite types and gain insights into the source and evolution of sulfur in hydrothermal fluids. The results reveal an enormous variation (−27.1 to +69.6‰) in sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite deposited during three paragenetic stages. Pre-ore framboidal pyrite, which is characterized by low concentra- tions of As, Au, Cu, Co, and Ni, has negative δ34S values of −27.1 to −7.6‰ that are interpreted in terms of bacterial re- duction of marine sulfate during sedimentation and diagenesis of the Paleozoic carbonate and clastic sequences, the predom- inant lithologies in the deposit area, and the most important hosts of many sediment-hosted gold deposits throughout the West Qinling orogen. The ore-stage hydrothermal pyrite con- tains high concentrations of Au, As, Cu, Sb, Tl, and Bi and hasa relatively narrow range of positive δ34S values ranging from +8.1 to +15.2‰. The sulfur isotope data are comparable to those of ore pyrite from many Triassic orogenic gold deposits and Paleozoic sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Pb-Zn de- posits in the West Qinling orogen, both being hosted mainly in the Devonian sequence. This similarity indicates that sulfur, responsible for the auriferous pyrite at Qiuling, was largely derived from the metamorphic devolatization of Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks. Post-ore-stage pyrite, which is sig- nificantly enriched in Co and Ni but depleted in Au and As, has unusually high δ34S values ranging from +37.4 to +69.6 ‰, that are interpreted to result from thermochemical reduc- tion of evaporite sulfates in underlying Cambrian sedimentary rocks with very high δ34S values. The variations in Au content and sulfur isotopic compositions across a single ore-stage py- rite grain may reflect displacement of indigenous groundwater with low δ34S values by auriferous metamorphic fluids with high δ34S values. The very low-grade metamorphism of the host rocks and the metamorphic derivation of sulfur for the ore pyrite indicate that the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit is an epizonal manifestation of an orogenic gold system in the West Qinling orogen.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-015-0597-9","usgsCitation":"Chen, L., Li, X., Li, J., Hofstra, A.H., Liu, Y., and Koenig, A.E., 2015, Extreme variation of sulfur isotopic compositions in pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit, West Qinling orogen, central China: An in situ SIMS study with implications for the source of sulfur: Mineralium Deposita, v. 50, no. 6, p. 643-656, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-015-0597-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"656","ipdsId":"IP-061524","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193502,"text":"70193502 - 2015 - Soil formation: Chapter 6","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T14:46:29","indexId":"70193502","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Soil formation: Chapter 6","docAbstract":"Soil formation reflects the complex interaction of many factors, among the most important of which are (i) the nature of the soil parent material, (ii) regional climate, (iii) organisms, including humans, (iv) topography and (v) time. These processes operate in Earth's critical zone; the thin veneer of our planet where rock meets life. Understanding the operation of these soil-forming factors requires an interdisciplinary approach and is a necessary predicate to charactering soil processes and functions, mitigating soil degradation and adapting soil management to environmental change. In this chapter, we discuss how these soil-forming factors operate both singly and in concert in natural and human modified environments. We emphasize the role that soil organic matter plays in these processes to provide context for understanding the benefits that it bestows on humanity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil carbon: Science, management and policy for multiple benefits","language":"English","publisher":"CABI","doi":"10.1079/9781780645322.0082","usgsCitation":"Goldhaber, M.B., and Banwart, S.A., 2015, Soil formation: Chapter 6, chap. of Soil carbon: Science, management and policy for multiple benefits, p. 82-97, https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645322.0082.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-046328","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349563,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3be4b06e28e9c252d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banwart, Steven A.","contributorId":199483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banwart","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157105,"text":"70157105 - 2015 - A comparative study of surface waves inversion techniques at strong motion recording sites in Greece","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T11:57:28","indexId":"70157105","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"A comparative study of surface waves inversion techniques at strong motion recording sites in Greece","docAbstract":"Surface wave method was used for the estimation of Vs vs depth profile at 10 strong motion stations in Greece. The dispersion data were obtained by SASW method, utilizing a pair of electromechanical harmonic-wave source (shakers) or a random source (drop weight). In this study, three inversion techniques were used a) a recently proposed Simplified Inversion Method (SIM), b) an inversion technique based on a neighborhood algorithm (NA) which allows the incorporation of a priori information regarding the subsurface structure parameters, and c) Occam's inversion algorithm. For each site constant value of Poisson's ratio was assumed (ν=0.4) since the objective of the current study is the comparison of the three inversion schemes regardless the uncertainties resulting due to the lack of geotechnical data. A penalty function was introduced to quantify the deviations of the derived Vs profiles. The Vs models are compared as of Vs(z), Vs30 and EC8 soil category, in order to show the insignificance of the existing variations. The comparison results showed that the average variation of SIM profiles is 9% and 4.9% comparing with NA and Occam's profiles respectively whilst the average difference of Vs30 values obtained from SIM is 7.4% and 5.0% compared with NA and Occam's.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2015","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.4133/SAGEEP.28-063","collaboration":"Panagiotis C. Pelekis, ASPETE, Civil Engineering Dept., N. Heraklion, Greece\nAlexandros Savvaidis, Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Greece\nVasileios S. Vlachakis, University of Patras, Civil Engineering Dept., Greece\nGeorge A. Athanasopoulos, University of Patras, Civil Engineering Dept., Greece","usgsCitation":"Pelekis, P.C., Savvaidis, A., Kayen, R.E., Vlachakis, V.S., and Athanasopoulos, G.A., 2015, A comparative study of surface waves inversion techniques at strong motion recording sites in Greece, in Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2015, p. 452-455, https://doi.org/10.4133/SAGEEP.28-063.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"452","endPage":"455","ipdsId":"IP-062736","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greece","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[23.69998,35.705],[24.24667,35.36802],[25.02502,35.425],[25.76921,35.35402],[25.74502,35.18],[26.29,35.29999],[26.165,35.005],[24.72498,34.91999],[24.73501,35.08499],[23.51498,35.27999],[23.69998,35.705]]],[[[26.6042,41.56211],[26.2946,40.93626],[26.05694,40.82412],[25.44768,40.85255],[24.92585,40.94706],[23.71481,40.68713],[24.408,40.12499],[23.89997,39.96201],[23.343,39.961],[22.81399,40.47601],[22.6263,40.25656],[22.84975,39.65931],[23.35003,39.19001],[22.9731,38.9709],[23.53002,38.51],[24.02502,38.21999],[24.04001,37.65501],[23.115,37.92001],[23.40997,37.40999],[22.77497,37.30501],[23.15423,36.42251],[22.49003,36.41],[21.67003,36.84499],[21.29501,37.64499],[21.12003,38.31032],[20.73003,38.76999],[20.21771,39.34023],[20.15002,39.625],[20.615,40.11001],[20.675,40.435],[20.99999,40.58],[21.02004,40.84273],[21.67416,40.93127],[22.05538,41.14987],[22.59731,41.13049],[22.76177,41.3048],[22.95238,41.33799],[23.69207,41.30908],[24.49264,41.5839],[25.1972,41.23449],[26.10614,41.3289],[26.11704,41.8269],[26.6042,41.56211]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Greece\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426bee4b0e541a03e960a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pelekis, Panagiotis C.","contributorId":147428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pelekis","given":"Panagiotis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16851,"text":"ASPETE, Civil Engineering Dept., N. Heraklion, Greece","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savvaidis, Alexandros","contributorId":147429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savvaidis","given":"Alexandros","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16852,"text":"Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Greece","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. 0000-0002-0356-072X rkayen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-072X","contributorId":140764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vlachakis, Vasileios S.","contributorId":147430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vlachakis","given":"Vasileios","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16853,"text":"University of Patras, Civil Engineering Dept., Greece","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Athanasopoulos, George A.","contributorId":147431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Athanasopoulos","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16853,"text":"University of Patras, Civil Engineering Dept., Greece","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193220,"text":"70193220 - 2015 - Alamo impact olistoliths in Antler orogenic foreland, Warm Springs–Milk Spring area, Hot Creek Range, central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T15:34:39.693256","indexId":"70193220","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Alamo impact olistoliths in Antler orogenic foreland, Warm Springs–Milk Spring area, Hot Creek Range, central Nevada","docAbstract":"The 45 km2 map area is situated at the south end of the Hot Creek Range in central Nevada, ~16 km east of the buried leading edge of the Mississippian Roberts Mountains thrust. Three eastward-trending left-slip faults divide the area into four structural blocks. The southernmost block is occupied solely by upper Oligocene volcanic rocks. The narrow northernmost block, now occupied surficially by valley fill and volcanic rocks, represents the south end of the main part of the Hot Creek Range, from which the study area is offset. The middle two blocks display different aspects of the eastward-traveled outer crater rim created by the ca. 382 Ma (early Late Devonian, middle Frasnian) Alamo impact.
The Alamo impact was produced by a 5-km-diameter bolide, most likely a comet, which excavated a transient submarine crater 44–65 km in diameter. Comparison of thin (8–12 m) Alamo Breccia deposits in the northern of the middle two blocks with a more easterly, thick (35–42 m) Alamo deposit in the main Hot Creek Range, 4 km north of the map area, suggests that these blocks traveled many kilometers eastward. The northern of the middle two blocks contains a large olistolith capped by the thin breccia, whereas the southern block contains a larger olistolith lacking an Alamo Breccia cap.
Three Devonian pulses of the Antler orogeny are better documented in the chapter on the Bisoni-McKay area. Here, the first Antler pulse in latest Middle Devonian time is obscured within an ~9 m.y. hiatus enlarged by excavation of the Alamo impact crater. The second Antler pulse is recorded by the ~4 m.y. hiatus produced by the regional unconformity between the lower and upper members of the Woodruff Formation. The third Antler pulse is documented by an ~8 m.y. regional hiatus between the Mississippian Webb Formation and Upper Devonian Woodruff Formation. In previous papers, we had interpreted this pulse to initiate the Antler orogeny.
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