Extensive and rapid losses of sea ice in the Arctic have raised conservation concerns for the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens), a large pinniped inhabiting arctic and subarctic continental shelf waters of the Chukchi and Bering seas. We developed a Bayesian network model to integrate potential effects of changing environmental conditions and anthropogenic stressors on the future status of the Pacific walrus population at four periods through the twenty-first century. The model framework allowed for inclusion of various sources and levels of knowledge, and representation of structural and parameter uncertainties. Walrus outcome probabilities through the century reflected a clear trend of worsening conditions for the subspecies. From the current observation period to the end of century, the greatest change in walrus outcome probabilities was a progressive decrease in the outcome state of robust and a concomitant increase in the outcome state of vulnerable. The probabilities of rare and extirpated states each progressively increased but remained <10% through the end of the century. The summed probabilities of vulnerable, rare, and extirpated (P(v,r,e)) increased from a current level of 10% in 2004 to 22% by 2050 and 40% by 2095. The degree of uncertainty in walrus outcomes increased monotonically over future periods. In the model, sea ice habitat (particularly for summer/fall) and harvest levels had the greatest influence on future population outcomes. Other potential stressors had much smaller influences on walrus outcomes, mostly because of uncertainty in their future states and our current poor understanding of their mechanistic influence on walrus abundance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00300-011-0967-4","usgsCitation":"Jay, C.V., Marcot, B., and Douglas, D.C., 2011, Projected status of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in the twenty-first century: Polar Biology, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1065-1084, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-0967-4.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1065","endPage":"1084","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024044","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c2ee4b08de9379b3692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marcot, Bruce G.","contributorId":58015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcot","given":"Bruce G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70136194,"text":"70136194 - 2011 - An individual and a sex odor signature in kittiwakes? Study of the semiochemical composition of preen secretion and preen down feathers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-08T10:07:35","indexId":"70136194","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3836,"text":"Naturwissenschaften","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An individual and a sex odor signature in kittiwakes? Study of the semiochemical composition of preen secretion and preen down feathers","docAbstract":"The importance of olfaction in birds' social behavior has long been denied. Avian chemical signaling has thus been relatively unexplored. The black-legged kittiwake provides a particularly appropriate model for investigating this topic. Kittiwakes preferentially mate with genetically dissimilar individuals, but the cues used to assess genetic characteristics remain unknown. As in other vertebrates, their body odors may carry individual and sexual signatures thus potentially reliably signaling individual genetic makeup. Here, we test whether body odors in preen gland secretion and preen down feathers in kittiwakes may provide a sex and an individual signature. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, we found that male and female odors differ quantitatively, suggesting that scent may be one of the multiple cues used by birds to discriminate between sexes. We further detected an individual signature in the volatile and nonvolatile fractions of preen secretion and preen down feathers. These results suggest that kittiwake body odor may function as a signal associated with mate recognition. It further suggests that preen odor might broadcast the genetic makeup of individuals, and could be used in mate choice to assess the genetic compatibility of potential mates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag Heidelberg","publisherLocation":"Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/s00114-011-0809-9","usgsCitation":"Leclaire, S., Merkling, T., Raynaud, C., Giacinti, G., Bessiere, J., Hatch, S.A., and Danchin, E., 2011, An individual and a sex odor signature in kittiwakes? Study of the semiochemical composition of preen secretion and preen down feathers: Naturwissenschaften, v. 98, no. 7, p. 615-624, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-011-0809-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"624","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026626","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296876,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-011-0809-9"}],"volume":"98","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b2ee4b08de9379b3296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leclaire, Sarah","contributorId":46385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leclaire","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merkling, Thomas","contributorId":19453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merkling","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raynaud, C.","contributorId":46313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raynaud","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giacinti, Geraldine","contributorId":138561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giacinti","given":"Geraldine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bessiere, J.-M.","contributorId":107107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bessiere","given":"J.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Danchin, Etienne","contributorId":69034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danchin","given":"Etienne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70004498,"text":"cir1370 - 2011 - An evaluation of the science needs to inform decisions on Outer Continental Shelf energy development in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T11:16:44","indexId":"cir1370","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-23T13:22:41","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1370","title":"An evaluation of the science needs to inform decisions on Outer Continental Shelf energy development in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, Alaska","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) was asked to conduct an initial, independent evaluation of the science needs that would inform the Administration's consideration of the right places and the right ways in which to develop oil and gas resources in the Arctic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), particularly focused on the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. Oil and gas potential is significant in Arctic Alaska. Beyond petroleum potential, this region supports unique fish and wildlife resources and ecosystems, and indigenous people who rely on these resources for subsistence. This report summarizes key existing scientific information and provides initial guidance of what new and (or) continued research could inform decision making. This report is presented in a series of topical chapters and various appendixes each written by a subset of the USGS OCS Team based on their areas of expertise. Three chapters (Chapters 2, 3, and 4) provide foundational information on geology; ecology and subsistence; and climate settings important to understanding the conditions pertinent to development in the Arctic OCS. These chapters are followed by three chapters that examine the scientific understanding, science gaps, and science sufficiency questions regarding oil-spill risk, response, and impact (Chapter 5), marine mammals and anthropogenic noise (Chapter 6), and cumulative impacts (Chapter 7). Lessons learned from the 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill are included to identify valuable \"pre-positioned\" science and scientific approaches to improved response and reduced uncertainty in damage assessment and restoration efforts (appendix D). An appendix on Structured Decision Making (appendix C) is included to illustrate the value of such tools that go beyond, but incorporate, science in looking at what can/should be done about policy and implementation of Arctic development. The report provides a series of findings and recommendations for consideration developed during the independent examination of science gaps and sufficiency. These recommendations are important for understanding what the USGS discovered in the course of this study and to help inform and improve decision making.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1370","usgsCitation":"Holland-Bartels, L., and Pierce, B., 2011, An evaluation of the science needs to inform decisions on Outer Continental Shelf energy development in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1370, x, 222 p.; Appendices; 8 Chapters, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1370.","productDescription":"x, 222 p.; Appendices; 8 Chapters","numberOfPages":"222","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1370.jpg"},{"id":21923,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1370","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -179,67.75 ], [ -179,74 ], [ -135,74 ], [ -135,67.75 ], [ -179,67.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db68482b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland-Bartels, Leslie","contributorId":99255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland-Bartels","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Brenda","contributorId":29940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Brenda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004705,"text":"fs20113048 - 2011 - An evaluation of the science needs to inform decisions on Outer Continental Shelf energy development in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T11:16:21","indexId":"fs20113048","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-23T13:22:41","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3048","title":"An evaluation of the science needs to inform decisions on Outer Continental Shelf energy development in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, Alaska","docAbstract":"On March 31, 2010, Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar announced a national strategy for Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil and gas development. In that announcement, the Administration outlined a three-pronged approach (U.S. Department of the Interior, 2010a): Development: \"...expand development and production throughout the Gulf of Mexico, including resource-rich areas of the Eastern Gulf of Mexico...\" Exploration: \"...expand oil and gas exploration in frontier areas, such as the Arctic Ocean and areas in the Atlantic Ocean, to gather the information necessary to develop resources in the right places and the right ways.\" Conservation: \"...calls for the protection of special areas like Bristol Bay in Alaska...national treasure[s] that we must protect for future generations.\" In a companion announcement (U.S. Department of the Interior, 2010b), within the Administration's \"Exploration\" component, the Secretary asked the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct an initial, independent evaluation of the science needs that would inform the Administration's consideration of the right places and the right ways in which to develop oil and gas resources in the Arctic OCS, particularly focused on the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (fig. 1).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113048","usgsCitation":"Holland-Bartels, L., and Pierce, B., 2011, An evaluation of the science needs to inform decisions on Outer Continental Shelf energy development in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3048, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113048.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3048.png"},{"id":21924,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3048","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178,56.5 ], [ -178,74 ], [ -135,74 ], [ -135,56.5 ], [ -178,56.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6842f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland-Bartels, Leslie","contributorId":99255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland-Bartels","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Brenda","contributorId":29940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Brenda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004668,"text":"ofr20111152 - 2011 - Proceedings of a Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning Workshop for the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"ofr20111152","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T13:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1152","title":"Proceedings of a Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning Workshop for the Western United States","docAbstract":"Recent scientific and ocean policy assessments demonstrate that a fundamental change in our current management system is required to achieve the long-term health of our ocean, coasts, and Great Lakes in order to sustain the services and benefits they provide to society. The present (2011) species- and sector-centric way we manage these ecosystems cannot account properly for cumulative effects, sustaining multiple ecosystem services, and holistically and explicitly evaluating the tradeoffs associated with proposed alternative and multiple human uses. A transition to an ecosystem-based approach to management and conservation of coastal and marine resources is needed.\n\nCompeting uses and activities such as commerce, recreation, cultural practices, energy development, conservation, and national security are increasing pressure for new and expanded resource usage in coastal marine ecosystems. Current management efforts use a sector-by-sector approach that mostly focuses on a limited range of tools and outcomes [for example, oil and gas leases, fishery management plans, and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)]. A comprehensive, ecosystem-based, and proactive approach to planning and managing these uses and activities is needed. Further, scientific understanding and information are essential to achieve an integrated decision-making process that includes knowledge of ecosystem services, existing and possible future conditions, and potential consequences of natural and anthropogenic events. Because no single government agency has executive authority for coastal or ocean resources, conflicting objectives around competing uses abound.\n\nIn recent years, regional- and state-level initiatives in Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning (CMSP) have emerged to coordinate management activities. In some respects, the components and steps of the overall CMSP process are similar to how existing ocean resources are regulated and managed. For example, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) uses spatial planning exercises in State Renewable Energy Task Force meetings to identify competing and conflicting ocean uses, and to delineate areas suitable for renewable energy development. Similarly terrestrial areas such as in national parks and national wildlife refuges managed by the Department of the Interior (DOI) prepare management plans for preservation and restoration of species and habitats of concern, some of which are protected by law. The analogy to CMSP is clear - multiple users and multiple expectations, resulting in the requirement to establish spatial plans for management of different resources and different ecosystem services.\n\nA two-day workshop on December 1-2, 2010, was convened for DOI representatives and several key non-DOI participants with roles in CMSP as a step toward clarifying national perspectives and consequences of the National Ocean Policy for the West (appendix 1). Discussions helped to develop an understanding of CMSP from the federal perspective and to identify regional priorities. An overarching theme was to promote a better understanding of current and future science needs. The workshop format included briefings by key Federal agencies on their understanding of the national focus followed by discussion of regional issues, including the needs for scientific information and coordination. The workshop also explored potential science contributions by Federal agencies and others; utilizing current capabilities, data, and information systems; and provided a foundation for possible future regional workshops focusing in turn on the West Coast Region (California, Oregon, and Washington), Pacific Islands (sometimes referred to as Oceania) and Alaska.\n\nParticipants were asked to share information in the following areas, recognizing that the purpose would be to learn more about the national perspective (see appendixes 2-4):\n\n Explore how the Western U.S. (Alaska, Pacific Islands, and West Coast Region) migh","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111152","usgsCitation":"Thorsteinson, L., Hirsch, D., Helweg, D., Dhanju, A., Barmenski, J., and Ferrero, R., 2011, Proceedings of a Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning Workshop for the Western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1152, iv, 14 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111152.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1152.jpg"},{"id":21896,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1152/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorsteinson, Lyman","contributorId":48254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinson","given":"Lyman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, Derrick","contributorId":94424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Derrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helweg, David dhelweg@usgs.gov","contributorId":201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helweg","given":"David","email":"dhelweg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":522,"text":"Pacific Islands Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dhanju, Amardeep","contributorId":94775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dhanju","given":"Amardeep","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barmenski, Joan","contributorId":46204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barmenski","given":"Joan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ferrero, Richard","contributorId":51892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrero","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70004631,"text":"ds608 - 2011 - Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":81095,"text":"ofr20081132 - 2008 - Geochemical data for samples collected in 2007 near the concealed pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, southwest Alaska","indexId":"ofr20081132","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical data for samples collected in 2007 near the concealed pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, southwest Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70004631,"text":"ds608 - 2011 - Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources","indexId":"ds608","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":97969,"text":"ofr20091239 - 2009 - Geochemical data for samples collected in 2008 near the concealed pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Southwest Alaska","indexId":"ofr20091239","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical data for samples collected in 2008 near the concealed pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Southwest Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70004631,"text":"ds608 - 2011 - Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources","indexId":"ds608","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-02T19:49:27.253541","indexId":"ds608","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-15T10:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"608","title":"Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources","docAbstract":"In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey began a multidisciplinary study in southwest Alaska to investigate the setting and detectability of mineral deposits in concealed volcanic and glacial terranes. The study area hosts the world-class Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, and through collaboration with the Pebble Limited Partnership, a range of geophysical and geochemical investigations was carried out in proximity to the deposit. The deposit is almost entirely concealed by tundra, glacial deposits, and post-mineralization volcanic rocks. The discovery of mineral resources beneath cover is becoming more important because most of the mineral resources at the surface have already been discovered. Research is needed to identify ways in which to assess for concealed mineral resources. This report presents the uninterpreted geophysical measurements and geochemical and mineralogical analytical data from samples collected during the summer field seasons from 2007 to 2010, and makes the data available in a single Geographic Information System (GIS) database.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds608","usgsCitation":"Anderson, E., Smith, S.M., Giles, S.A., Granitto, M., Eppinger, R., Bedrosian, P.A., Shah, A., Kelley, K., Fey, D., Minsley, B., and Brown, P., 2011, Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 608, viii, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds608.","productDescription":"viii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_608.jpg"},{"id":388809,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95238.htm"},{"id":21875,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/608/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.5,\n 60.5444\n ],\n [\n -154.5833,\n 60.5444\n ],\n [\n -154.5833,\n 59.6167\n ],\n [\n -156.5,\n 59.6167\n ],\n [\n -156.5,\n 60.5444\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c28d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, E. D. 0000-0002-0138-6166","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-6166","contributorId":104561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"E. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, S. M.","contributorId":27859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giles, S. 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For this purpose, the project has measured the soil carbon content in several chronosequences (time since disturbance) of various soil-drainage types. One such chronosequence near Delta Junction, Alaska was initially studied in 2000 and 2001. Additional sites in the Delta Junction area were sampled in 2006 to expand the number of stand ages represented in the chronosequence. This report describes these additional sites, as well as the procedures used to describe, sample, and analyze the soils. We also present data tables containing, but not limited to, field descriptions, bulk density, moisture content, and total carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) content.","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111061","usgsCitation":"Manies, K.L., and Harden, J.W., 2011, Soil data from different-age Picea mariana stands near Delta Junction, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1061, iii, 10 p.; Data Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111061.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.; Data Folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":557,"text":"Soil Carbon Research at Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1061.gif"},{"id":21841,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b8e4b07f02db5cd364","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70126415,"text":"70126415 - 2011 - Comparative mitochondrial genetics of North American and Eurasian mergansers with an emphasis on the endangered scaly-sided merganser (Mergus squamatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:44:59","indexId":"70126415","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-01T09:46:01","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparative mitochondrial genetics of North American and Eurasian mergansers with an emphasis on the endangered scaly-sided merganser (Mergus squamatus)","title":"Comparative mitochondrial genetics of North American and Eurasian mergansers with an emphasis on the endangered scaly-sided merganser (Mergus squamatus)","docAbstract":"The scaly-sided merganser, Mergus squamatus, is considered one of the most threatened sea duck species in the Palearctic with limited breeding and wintering distribution in China and Russia. To provide information for future conservation efforts, we sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA control region in four species of mergansers and three additional sea duck taxa to characterize the evolutionary history of the scaly-sided merganser, infer population trends that may have led to its limited geographic distribution, and to compare indices of genetic diversity among species of mergansers. Scaly-sided mergansers exhibit substantially lower levels of mtDNA genetic diversity (h = 0.292, π = 0.0007) than other closely related sea ducks and many other avian taxa. The four haplotypes observed differed by a single base pair suggesting that the species has not experienced a recent population decline but has instead been at a low population level for some time. A phylogenetic analysis placed the scaly-sided merganser basal to North American and European forms of the common merganser, M. merganser. Our inclusion of a small number of male samples doubled the number of mtDNA haplotypes observed, suggesting that additional genetic variation likely exists within the global population if there is immigration of males from unsampled breeding areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-010-0180-y","usgsCitation":"Solovyeva, D.V., and Pearce, J.M., 2011, Comparative mitochondrial genetics of North American and Eurasian mergansers with an emphasis on the endangered scaly-sided merganser (Mergus squamatus): Conservation Genetics, v. 12, no. 3, p. 839-844, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-010-0180-y.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"839","endPage":"844","ipdsId":"IP-024456","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb1ee4b08312ac7cefa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solovyeva, Diana V.","contributorId":106033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solovyeva","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70136243,"text":"70136243 - 2011 - Distribution and density of marine birds and mammals along the Kenai Fjords National Park coastline - March 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T14:45:16","indexId":"70136243","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Distribution and density of marine birds and mammals along the Kenai Fjords National Park coastline - March 2010","docAbstract":"From March 21, 2010 to March 24, 2010, a winter marine bird and mammal skiff-based survey along the coast of Kenai Fjords National Park (KEFJ) was completed. This was the second winter survey completed for KEFJ since 2008. The primary objectives of the SWAN winter surveys are to characterize the species composition, density and distribution of the overwintering marine ducks prior to their migration to breeding grounds. Seasonal differences in species composition, distribution and density of other marine birds and mammals are also documented. The overall design calls for the sampling of the same transects during both the winter and summer surveys if safe and appropriate conditions allow. The 2010 survey took approximately four days to complete with a crew of six. The most common birds observed on the nearshore transects were the Barrow’s goldeneye (29.35/km2 , SE=9.24) and harlequin duck (29.30/km2 , SE=4.72). Harlequin ducks tended to be more evenly distributed along the coastline while Barrow’s goldeneye tended to be observed in less exposed areas along the coast and in larger groups. In contrast, the most abundant marine bird in KEFJ summer surveys is the Glaucous-winged gull, while Barrow’s goldeneye are nearly absent along the KEFJ coast. The most common marine mammal was the harbor seal (6.75/km2 , se=2.93) followed by the sea otter (3.59/km2 , se=0.90, adults and pups). Densities of harbor seals and sea otters in the summer were similar to the winter estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Coletti, H.A., Bodkin, J.L., and Esslinger, G.G., 2011, Distribution and density of marine birds and mammals along the Kenai Fjords National Park coastline - March 2010, viii, 30 p. .","productDescription":"viii, 30 p. 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However, there has been substantial finer-scale heterogeneity; some lakes decreased in area, some showed no trend, and others increased. The objective of this study was to identify the primary mechanisms underlying heterogeneous trends in closed-basin lake area. Eight lake characteristics (δ18O, electrical conductivity, surface : volume index, bank slope, floating mat width, peat depth, thaw depth at shoreline, and thaw depth at the forest boundary) were compared for 15 lake pairs in Alaskan boreal forest where one lake had decreased in area since ∼1950, and the other had not. Mean differences in characteristics between paired lakes were used to identify the most likely of nine mechanistic scenarios that combined three potential mechanisms for decreasing lake area (talik drainage, surface water evaporation, and terrestrialization) with three potential mechanisms for nondecreasing lake area (subpermafrost groundwater recharge through an open talik, stable permafrost, and thermokarst). A priori expectations of the direction of mean differences between decreasing and nondecreasing paired lakes were generated for each scenario. Decreasing lakes had significantly greater electrical conductivity, greater surface : volume indices, shallower bank slopes, wider floating mats, greater peat depths, and shallower thaw depths at the forest boundary. These results indicated that the most likely scenario was terrestrialization as the mechanism for lake area reduction combined with thermokarst as the mechanism for nondecreasing lake area. Terrestrialization and thermokarst may have been enhanced by recent warming which has both accelerated permafrost thawing and lengthened the growing season, thereby increasing plant growth, floating mat encroachment, transpiration rates, and the accumulation of organic matter in lake basins. The transition to peatlands associated with terrestrialization may provide a transient increase in carbon storage enhancing the role of northern ecosystems as major stores of global carbon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02446.x","usgsCitation":"Roach, J., Griffith, B., Verbyla, D., and Jones, J.B., 2011, Mechanisms influencing changes in lake area in Alaskan boreal forest: Global Change Biology, v. 17, no. 8, p. 2567-2583, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02446.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2567","endPage":"2583","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022219","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.9501953125,\n 62.85514553774182\n ],\n [\n -158.9501953125,\n 66.87834504307976\n ],\n [\n -142.294921875,\n 66.87834504307976\n ],\n [\n -142.294921875,\n 62.85514553774182\n ],\n [\n -158.9501953125,\n 62.85514553774182\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6b8e4b07657d1a22902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roach, Jennifer K.","contributorId":30861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"Jennifer K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Brad 0000-0001-8698-6859","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-6859","contributorId":82571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verbyla, David","contributorId":87795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verbyla","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Jeremy B.","contributorId":113650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99282,"text":"sim3036 - 2011 - Surficial geologic map of the Noatak National Preserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T18:34:54.713238","indexId":"sim3036","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3036","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Noatak National Preserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"The surficial geologic map of the Noatak National Preserve (NNP) is a compilation that incorporates portions of four published USGS maps (Hamilton, 1980, 1981, 1984a,b), a USGS Open-File Report (Hamilton, 2003), and unpublished field mapping. It covers an area of about 28,700 km2, and includes parts of eight 1:250,000-scale quadrangles. The mapped area generally terminates at NNP boundaries, which generally follow the sharp divides that separate the Noatak drainage system from north-flowing drainages of the Alaskan North Slope and south-flowing tributaries to the Kobuk River. The mapping extends short distances beyond those boundaries where passes across divides were traversed by glaciers issuing from the Noatak drainage or by overflow waters from glacial lakes. Along the western edge of the map, where the NNP boundary is unrelated to topographic features, I have extended the mapping to the nearest natural boundary, the active channel of the Noatak River, and have mapped beyond that limit only in places where surficial deposits are essential for understanding regional geology.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3036","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, T.D., 2011, Surficial geologic map of the Noatak National Preserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3036, Pamphlet: iii, 21 p.; 1 Plate: 50.00 × 39.00 inches; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3036.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iii, 21 p.; 1 Plate: 50.00 × 39.00 inches; Readme; Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3036.jpg"},{"id":398851,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95204.htm"},{"id":204781,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3036/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Noatak National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.1033,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -155.8636,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -155.8636,\n 68.6486\n ],\n [\n -163.1033,\n 68.6486\n ],\n [\n -163.1033,\n 67\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Thomas D.","contributorId":91474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99279,"text":"ofr20111026 - 2011 - Tectonic and metallogenic model for northeast Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20111026","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1026","title":"Tectonic and metallogenic model for northeast Asia","docAbstract":"This document describes the digital files in this report that contains a tectonic and metallogenic model for Northeast Asia. The report also contains background materials. This tectonic and metallogenic model and other materials on this report are derived from (1) an extensive USGS Professional Paper, 1765, on the metallogenesis and tectonics of Northeast Asia that is available on the Internet at http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1765/; and (2) the Russian Far East parts of an extensive USGS Professional Paper, 1697, on the metallogenesis and tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera that is available on the Internet at http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1697/. The major purpose of the tectonic and metallogenic model is to provide, in movie format, a colorful summary of the complex geology, tectonics, and metallogenesis of the region. To accomplish this goal four steps were taken: (1) 13 time-stage diagrams, from the late Neoproterozoic (850 Ma) through the present (0 Ma), were adapted, generalized, and transformed into color static time-stage diagrams; (2) the 13 time-stage diagrams were placed in a computer morphing program to produce the model; (3) the model was examined and each diagram was successively adapted to preceding and subsequent diagrams to match the size and surface expression of major geologic units; and (4) the final version of the model was produced in successive iterations of steps 2 and 3. The tectonic and metallogenic model and associated materials in this report are derived from a project on the major mineral deposits, metallogenesis, and tectonics of the Northeast Asia and from a preceding project on the metallogenesis and tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera. Both projects provide critical information on bedrock geology and geophysics, tectonics, major metalliferous mineral resources, metallogenic patterns, and crustal origin and evolution of mineralizing systems for this region. The major scientific goals and benefits of the projects are to: (1) provide a comprehensive international data base on the mineral resources of the region that is the first extensive knowledge available in English; (2) provide major new interpretations of the origin and crustal evolution of mineralizing systems and their host rocks, thereby enabling enhanced, broad-scale tectonic reconstructions and interpretations; and (3) promote trade and scientific and technical exchanges between North America and eastern Asia. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111026","collaboration":"In cooperation with Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China; Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia; Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia; Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia; Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Russian Academy of Sciences; Vladivostok, Russia; Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Russia; and University of Texas, Arlington, Texas","usgsCitation":"Parfenov, L.M., Nokleberg, W.J., Berzin, N.A., Badarch, G., Dril, S.I., Gerel, O., Goryachev, N., Khanchuk, A.I., Kuz’min, M.I., Prokopiev, A.V., Ratkin, V.V., Rodionov, S.M., Scotese, C.R., Shpikerman, V.I., Timofeev, V.F., Tomurtogoo, O., and Yan, H., 2011, Tectonic and metallogenic model for northeast Asia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1026, 9 p.; Model file; Model-Figures folder; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111026.","productDescription":"9 p.; Model file; Model-Figures folder; CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1026.gif"},{"id":14680,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Colorado","county":"Summit","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4882e4b07f02db516c22","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":505758,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Parfenov, Leonid M.","contributorId":59112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parfenov","given":"Leonid","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berzin, Nikolai A.","contributorId":33793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berzin","given":"Nikolai","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Badarch, Gombosuren","contributorId":6940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Badarch","given":"Gombosuren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dril, Sergy I.","contributorId":66823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dril","given":"Sergy","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gerel, Ochir","contributorId":41520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerel","given":"Ochir","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goryachev, Nikolai A.","contributorId":7318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goryachev","given":"Nikolai A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Khanchuk, Alexander I.","contributorId":19585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanchuk","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kuz’min, Mikhail I. Obolenskiy Obolenskiy, Alexander A.","contributorId":28717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuz’min","given":"Mikhail","suffix":"Obolenskiy, Alexander A.","email":"","middleInitial":"I. 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The most established and well known use of downhole log data in gas hydrate research is the use of electrical resistivity and acoustic velocity data (both compressional- and shear-wave data) to make estimates of gas hydrate content (i.e., reservoir saturations) in various sediment types and geologic settings. New downhole logging tools designed to make directionally oriented acoustic and propagation resistivity log measurements have provided the data needed to analyze the acoustic and electrical anisotropic properties of both highly inter-bedded and fracture dominated gas hydrate reservoirs. Advancements in nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) logging and wireline formation testing have also allowed for the characterization of gas hydrate at the pore scale. Integrated NMR and formation testing studies from northern Canada and Alaska have yielded valuable insight into how gas hydrates are physically distributed in sediments and the occurrence and nature of pore fluids (i.e., free-water along with clay and capillary bound water) in gas-hydrate-bearing reservoirs. Information on the distribution of gas hydrate at the pore scale has provided invaluable insight on the mechanisms controlling the formation and occurrence of gas hydrate in nature along with data on gas hydrate reservoir properties (i.e., permeabilities) needed to accurately predict gas production rates for various gas hydrate production schemes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"SPWLA 52nd Annual Logging Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SPWLA 52nd Annual Logging Symposium","conferenceDate":"May 14-18 2011","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., and Lee, M.W., 2011, Well log characterization of natural gas hydrates, in SPWLA 52nd Annual Logging Symposium, Colorado Springs, CO, May 14-18 2011, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028902","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb720e4b058f706e53fa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99270,"text":"sir20115046 - 2011 - Gulkana Glacier, Alaska-Mass balance, meteorology, and water measurements-1997-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T22:51:26.939831","indexId":"sir20115046","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5046","title":"Gulkana Glacier, Alaska-Mass balance, meteorology, and water measurements-1997-2001","docAbstract":"The measured winter snow, maximum winter snow, net, and annual balances for 1997-2001 in the Gulkana Glacier basin are determined at specific points and over the entire glacier area using the meteorological, hydrological, and glaciological data. We provide descriptions of glacier geometry to aid in estimation of conventional and reference surface mass balances and descriptions of ice motion to aid in the understanding of the glacier's response to its changing geometry. These data provide annual estimates for area altitude distribution, equilibrium line altitude, and accumulation area ratio during the study interval. New determinations of historical area altitude distributions are given for 1900 and annually from 1966 to 2001. As original weather instrumentation is nearing the end of its deployment lifespan, we provide new estimates of overlap comparisons and precipitation catch efficiency.\n\nDuring 1997-2001, Gulkana Glacier showed a continued and accelerated negative mass balance trend, especially below the equilibrium line altitude where thinning was pronounced. Ice motion also slowed, which combined with the negative mass balance, resulted in glacier retreat under a warming climate. Average annual runoff augmentation by glacier shrinkage for 1997-2001 was 25 percent compared to the previous average of 13 percent, in accordance with the measured glacier volume reductions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115046","usgsCitation":"March, R.S., and O’Neel, S., 2011, Gulkana Glacier, Alaska-Mass balance, meteorology, and water measurements-1997-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5046, viii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115046.","productDescription":"viii, 70 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424458,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95192.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115729,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5046/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116114,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5046.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulkana Glacier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145.33928137695307,\n 63.2999444760608\n ],\n [\n -145.5156977043993,\n 63.2999444760608\n ],\n [\n -145.5156977043993,\n 63.25130158823154\n ],\n [\n -145.33928137695307,\n 63.25130158823154\n ],\n [\n -145.33928137695307,\n 63.2999444760608\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"March, Rod S. rsmarch@usgs.gov","contributorId":416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"March","given":"Rod","email":"rsmarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99257,"text":"ds599 - 2011 - Coal database for Cook Inlet and North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-29T01:01:53","indexId":"ds599","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"599","title":"Coal database for Cook Inlet and North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"This database is a compilation of published and nonconfidential unpublished coal data from Alaska. Although coal occurs in isolated areas throughout Alaska, this study includes data only from the Cook Inlet and North Slope areas. The data include entries from and interpretations of oil and gas well logs, coal-core geophysical logs (such as density, gamma, and resistivity), seismic shot hole lithology descriptions, measured coal sections, and isolated coal outcrops. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds599","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory\r\n","usgsCitation":"Stricker, G.D., Spear, B.D., Sprowl, J.M., Dietrich, J.D., McCauley, M.I., and Kinney, S.A., 2011, Coal database for Cook Inlet and North Slope, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 599, v, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds599.","productDescription":"v, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_599.png"},{"id":14673,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/599/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5ddff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stricker, Gary D. gstricker@usgs.gov","contributorId":87163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Gary","email":"gstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spear, Brianne D.","contributorId":15657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Brianne","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sprowl, Jennifer M.","contributorId":50175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprowl","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dietrich, John D.","contributorId":53841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCauley, Michael I.","contributorId":93941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCauley","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kinney, Scott A. 0000-0001-5008-5813 skinney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5008-5813","contributorId":1395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"Scott","email":"skinney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":99242,"text":"ofr20111103 - 2011 - Economic analysis of the 2010 U.S. Geological Survey assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T10:37:03","indexId":"ofr20111103","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1103","title":"Economic analysis of the 2010 U.S. Geological Survey assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111103","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., and Freeman, P., 2011, Economic analysis of the 2010 U.S. Geological Survey assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1103, iv, 34 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111103.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1103.gif"},{"id":14657,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1103/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627a7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":193092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039882,"text":"70039882 - 2011 - Ecoregional-scale monitoring within conservation areas, in a rapidly changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T11:34:37","indexId":"70039882","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T14:21:30","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecoregional-scale monitoring within conservation areas, in a rapidly changing climate","docAbstract":"Long-term monitoring of ecological systems can prove invaluable for resource management and conservation. Such monitoring can: (1) detect instances of long-term trend (either improvement or deterioration) in monitored resources, thus providing an early-warning indication of system change to resource managers; (2) inform management decisions and help assess the effects of management actions, as well as anthropogenic and natural disturbances; and (3) provide the grist for supplemental research on mechanisms of system dynamics and cause-effect relationships (Fancy et al., 2009). Such monitoring additionally provides a snapshot of the status of monitored resources during each sampling cycle, and helps assess whether legal standards and regulations are being met. Until the last 1-2 decades, tracking and understanding changes in condition of natural resources across broad spatial extents have been infrequently attempted. Several factors, however, are facilitating the achievement of such broad-scale investigation and monitoring. These include increasing awareness of the importance of landscape context, greater prevalence of regional and global environmental stressors, and the rise of landscape-scale programs designed to manage and monitor biological systems. Such programs include the US Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program (Moser et al., 2008), Canada's National Forest Inventory, the 3Q Programme for monitoring agricultural landscapes of Norway (Dramstad et al., 2002), and the emerging (US) Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (USDOI Secretarial Order 3289, 2009; Anonymous, 2011). This Special Section explores the underlying design considerations, as well as many pragmatic aspects associated with program implementation and interpretation of results from broad-scale monitoring systems, particularly within the constraints of high-latitude contexts (e.g., low road density, short field season, dramatic fluctuations in temperature). Although Alaska is the focus of most papers in this Special Section, we posit that many of the issues that characterize the remote, relatively undisturbed ecosystems of high northern latitudes are widespread and thus applicable to natural-resource management and conservation across northern portions of the Holarctic ecozone and indeed anywhere broad-scale monitoring is contemplated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.001","usgsCitation":"Beever, E.A., and Woodward, A., 2011, Ecoregional-scale monitoring within conservation areas, in a rapidly changing climate: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 5, p. 1255-1257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.001.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1255","endPage":"1257","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261849,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.001","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"144","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0595e4b0c8380cd50e67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodward, Andrea 0000-0003-0604-9115 awoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0604-9115","contributorId":3028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Andrea","email":"awoodward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99212,"text":"ofr20111099 - 2011 - 2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":50562,"text":"ofr02439 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","indexId":"ofr02439","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":99212,"text":"ofr20111099 - 2011 - 2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","indexId":"ofr20111099","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-18T19:11:40.593436","indexId":"ofr20111099","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1099","title":"2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","docAbstract":"This report provides digital geographic information systems (GIS) files of maps for each of the 24 plays considered in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 2010 updated petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA) (Houseknecht and others, 2010). These are the sample plays evaluated in a previous USGS assessment of the NPRA (Bird and Houseknecht, 2002a), maps of which were released in pdf format (Bird and Houseknecht, 2002b).
The 2010 updated assessment of the NPRA evaluated each of the previously used 24 plays based on new geologic data available from exploration activities and scientific research. Quantitative assessments were revised for 11 plays, and no revisions were made for 9 plays. Estimates of the volume of technically recoverable, undiscovered oil, and nonassociated gas resources in these 20 plays are reported elsewhere (Houseknecht and others, 2010). Four plays quantitatively assessed in 2002 were eliminated from quantitative assessment for reasons explained by Houseknecht and others (2010).
The NPRA assessment study area includes Federal and native onshore land and adjacent State offshore areas. A map showing the areal extent of each play was prepared by USGS geologists as a preliminary step in the assessment process. Boundaries were drawn on the basis of a variety of information, including seismic reflection data, results of exploration drilling, and regional patterns of rock properties. Play boundary polygons were captured by digitizing the play maps prepared by USGS geologists.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111099","usgsCitation":"Garrity, C.P., Houseknecht, D.W., and Bird, K.J., 2011, 2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1099, 14 Plates: 9.15 × 8.04 inches; GIS Data; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111099.","productDescription":"14 Plates: 9.15 × 8.04 inches; GIS Data; Readme; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360509,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1099/pdf/USGS_OFR_2011_1099.pdf","text":"Play Maps","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":116110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1099.bmp"},{"id":360510,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1099/ReadMe.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":360511,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1099/Metadata_USGS_OFR_2011_1099.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14625,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":360508,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1099/USGS_OFR_2011_1099.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":391831,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95150.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"National Petroleum Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.0117,\n 69.0847\n ],\n [\n -150.86,\n 69.0847\n ],\n [\n -150.86,\n 70.6167\n ],\n [\n -162.0117,\n 70.6167\n ],\n [\n -162.0117,\n 69.0847\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4928e4b0b290850eeec1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrity, Christopher P. 0000-0002-5565-1818 cgarrity@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"Christopher","email":"cgarrity@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99209,"text":"pp1776B - 2011 - The Cannery Formation: Devonian to Early Permian arc-marginal deposits within the Alexander Terrane, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":99209,"text":"pp1776B - 2011 - The Cannery Formation: Devonian to Early Permian arc-marginal deposits within the Alexander Terrane, southeastern Alaska","indexId":"pp1776B","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"The Cannery Formation: Devonian to Early Permian arc-marginal deposits within the Alexander Terrane, southeastern Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98607,"text":"pp1776 - 2010 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2008-2009","indexId":"pp1776","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2008-2009"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":98607,"text":"pp1776 - 2010 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2008-2009","indexId":"pp1776","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2008-2009"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-09T17:32:28.888288","indexId":"pp1776B","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1776","chapter":"B","title":"The Cannery Formation: Devonian to Early Permian arc-marginal deposits within the Alexander Terrane, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"The Cannery Formation consists of green, red, and gray ribbon chert, siliceous siltstone, graywacke-chert turbidites, and volcaniclastic sandstone. Because it contains early Permian fossils at and near its type area in Cannery Cove, on Admiralty Island in southeastern Alaska, the formation was originally defined as a Permian stratigraphic unit. Similar rocks exposed in Windfall Harbor on Admiralty Island contain early Permian bryozoans and brachiopods, as well as Mississippian through Permian radiolarians. Black and green bedded chert with subordinate lenses of limestone, basalt, and graywacke near Kake on Kupreanof Island was initially correlated with the Cannery Formation on the basis of similar lithology but was later determined to contain Late Devonian conodonts. Permian conglomerate in Keku Strait contains chert cobbles inferred to be derived from the Cannery Formation that yielded Devonian and Mississippian radiolarians. On the basis of fossils recovered from a limestone lens near Kake and chert cobbles in the Keku Strait area, the age of the Cannery Formation was revised to Devonian and Mississippian, but this revision excludes rocks in the type locality, in addition to excluding bedded chert on Kupreanof Island east of Kake that contains radiolarians of Late Pennsylvanian and early Permian age. The black chert near Kake that yielded Late Devonian conodonts is nearly contemporaneous with black chert interbedded with limestone that also contains Late Devonian conodonts in the Saginaw Bay Formation on Kuiu Island. The chert cobbles in the conglomerate in Keku Strait may be derived from either the Cannery Formation or the Saginaw Bay Formation and need not restrict the age of the Cannery Formation, regardless of their source. The minimum age of the Cannery Formation on both Admiralty Island and Kupreanof Island is constrained by the stratigraphically overlying fossiliferous Pybus Formation, of late early and early late Permian age. Because bedded radiolarian cherts on both Admiralty and Kupreanof Islands contain radiolarians as young as Permian, the age of the Cannery Formation is herein extended to Late Devonian through early Permian, to include the early Permian rocks exposed in its type locality. The Cannery Formation is folded and faulted, and its stratigraphic thickness is unknown but inferred to be several hundred meters. The Cannery Formation represents an extended period of marine deposition in moderately deep water, with slow rates of deposition and limited clastic input during Devonian through Pennsylvanian time and increasing argillaceous, volcaniclastic, and bioclastic input during the Permian.
The Cannery Formation comprises upper Paleozoic rocks in the Alexander terrane of southeastern Alaska. In the pre-Permian upper Paleozoic, the tectonic setting of the Alexander terrane consisted of two or more evolved oceanic arcs. The lower Permian section is represented by a distinctive suite of rocks in the Alexander terrane, which includes sedimentary and volcanic rocks containing early Permian fossils, metamorphosed rocks with early Permian cooling ages, and intrusive rocks with early Permian cooling ages, that form discrete northwest-trending belts. After restoration of 180 km of dextral displacement of the Chilkat-Chichagof block on the Chatham Strait Fault, these belts consist, from northeast to southwest, of (1) bedded chert, siliceous argillite, volcaniclastic turbidites, pillow basalt, and limestone of the Cannery Formation and the Porcupine Slate of Gilbert and others (1987); (2) greenschist-facies Paleozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks that have Permian cooling ages; (3) silty limestone and calcareous argillite interbedded with pillow basalt and volcaniclastic rocks of the Halleck Formation and the William Henry Bay area; and (4) intermediate-composition and syenitic plutons. These belts correspond to components of an accretionary complex, contemporary metamorphic rocks, forearc-basin deposits, and the roots of a volcanic arc, respectively. The similar early Permian sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous ages are inferred to represent an arc complex that resulted from juxtaposition of a structural lower plate consisting of metamorphosed Paleozoic arc rocks of the Alexander terrane exposed on Admiralty Island, and a structural upper plate consisting of stratigraphically distinct, unmetamorphosed Paleozoic arc rocks representing another component of the Alexander terrane exposed on Chichagof, Kuiu, and Prince of Wales Islands. The Cannery Formation is associated with the lower-plate package. A volcanic arc with magmatic ages ranging from 293 to 278 Ma formed during subduction of the basin between these two (or more) components of the Alexander terrane in southeastern Alaska. Metamorphic-mineral-cooling ages ranging from 273 to 260 Ma are interpreted to date an early Permian orogenic event. Both the early Permian lower- and upper-plate rocks are unconformably overlain by late early and early late Permian limestone, dolostone, and conglomerate of the Pybus Formation that provide a minimum age for this collision.
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Landsat data are particularly important as long term climate data records because the scale of observation is sufficient to differentiate between natural and human drivers of land cover change. The USGS has established consistent radiometric calibration across the Landsat TM and ETM+ sensors, and have extended the calibration back to the earlier MSS sensors. The USGS is developing capabilities to create fundamental climate data records (FCDRs), thematic climate data records (TCDRs), and essential climate variables (ECVs) from the Landsat data archive. Two high priority TCDRs were identified: surface reflectance and land surface temperature because they have direct application or are required as input to the generation of ECVs. We will focus development on a few of the terrestrial ECVs that have a high potential for being derived from Landsat data, that include land cover, albedo, fire disturbance, surface water, snow and ice, and leaf area index (LAI). We are collaborating with scientists who have demonstrated successful algorithm development and application of these science products to develop a framework of processing capabilities to support research projects and land management applications, along with an independent strategy for product validation. Our goal is to scale the creation and validation of these products from specific sites in the conterminous U.S. and Alaska, for extension to continental and global scales.
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The reports used to compile the table in this report were submitted by recognized paleontologic experts. Some of the information is derived from reports that date back almost 100 years. Many of the data are available in more detail in the Alaska Paleontological Database (http://www.alaskafossil.org/). The 287 entries in this table are shown on the accompanying plate, on which symbols representing the entries are color-coded by geologic age. 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The vastness and isolation of Alaskan refuges give rise to relatively intact and complete ecosystems. The potential for these lands to provide habitat for trust species is likely to be altered, however, due to global climate change, which is having dramatic effects at high latitudes. The ability of USFWS to effectively manage these lands in the future will be enhanced by a regional inventory and monitoring program that integrates and supplements monitoring currently being implemented by individual refuges. Conceptual models inform monitoring programs in a number of ways, including summarizing important ecosystem components and processes as well as facilitating communication, discussion and debate about the nature of the system and important management issues. This process can lead to hypotheses regarding future changes, likely results of alternative management actions, identification of monitoring indicators, and ultimately, interpretation of monitoring results. As a first step towards developing a monitoring program, the 16 refuges in Alaska each created a conceptual model of their refuge and the landscape context. Models include prominent ecosystem components, drivers, and processes by which components are linked or altered. The Alaska refuge system also recognizes that designing and implementing monitoring at regional and ecoregional extents has numerous scientific, fiscal, logistical, and political advantages over monitoring conducted exclusively at refuge-specific scales. Broad-scale monitoring is particularly advantageous for examining phenomena such as climate change because effects are best interpreted at broader spatial extents. To enable an ecoregional perspective, a rationale was developed for deriving ecoregional boundaries for four ecoregions (Polar, Interior Alaska, Bering Coast, and North Pacific Coast) from the Unified Ecoregions of Alaska. Ecoregional models were then developed to illustrate resources and processes that operate at spatial scales larger than individual refuges within each ecoregion. Conceptual models also were developed for adjacent marine areas, designated as the North Pacific, Bering Sea, and Beaufort-Chukchi Sea Marine Ecoregions. 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