Biostimulation is increasingly used to accelerate microbial remediation of recalcitrant groundwater contaminants. Effective application of biostimulation requires successful emplacement of amendment in the contaminant target zone. Verification of remediation performance requires postemplacement assessment and contaminant monitoring. Sampling-based approaches are expensive and provide low-density spatial and temporal information. Time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is an effective geophysical method for determining temporal changes in subsurface electrical conductivity. Because remedial amendments and biostimulation-related biogeochemical processes often change subsurface electrical conductivity, ERT can complement and enhance sampling-based approaches for assessing emplacement and monitoring biostimulation-based remediation.
Field studies demonstrating the ability of time-lapse ERT to monitor amendment emplacement and behavior were performed during a biostimulation remediation effort conducted at the Department of Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office (DRMO) Yard, in Brandywine, Maryland, United States. Geochemical fluid sampling was used to calibrate a petrophysical relation in order to predict groundwater indicators of amendment distribution. The petrophysical relations were field validated by comparing predictions to sequestered fluid sample results, thus demonstrating the potential of electrical geophysics for quantitative assessment of amendment-related geochemical properties. Crosshole radar zero-offset profile and borehole geophysical logging were also performed to augment the data set and validate interpretation.
In addition to delineating amendment transport in the first 10 months after emplacement, the time-lapse ERT results show later changes in bulk electrical properties interpreted as mineral precipitation. Results support the use of more cost-effective surface-based ERT in conjunction with limited field sampling to improve spatial and temporal monitoring of amendment emplacement and remediation performance.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12291","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T.C., Versteeg, R.J., Day-Lewis, F.D., Major, W., and Lane, J.W., 2015, Time-lapse electrical geophysical monitoring of amendment-based biostimulation: Ground Water, v. 53, no. 6, p. 920-932, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12291.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"920","endPage":"932","ipdsId":"IP-059263","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","city":"Brandywine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.8456,\n 38.7\n ],\n [\n -76.8456,\n 38.6964\n ],\n [\n -76.8420,\n 38.6964\n ],\n [\n -76.8420,\n 38.7\n ],\n [\n -76.8456,\n 38.7\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe57e4b06e28e9c252e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Timothy C.","contributorId":199842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Versteeg, Roelof J.","contributorId":199843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Versteeg","given":"Roelof","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Major, William","contributorId":199844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Major","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159874,"text":"70159874 - 2015 - Comment on \"Donders, T.H. 2014. Middle Holocene humidity increase in Florida: climate or sea-level? Quaternary Science Reviews 103:170-174.\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-07T13:59:57","indexId":"70159874","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-15T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on \"Donders, T.H. 2014. Middle Holocene humidity increase in Florida: climate or sea-level? Quaternary Science Reviews 103:170-174.\"","docAbstract":"Donders (2014) has recently proposed that the climate of Florida became progressively wetter over the past 5000 years in response to a marked strengthening of the El Niño regime. This reconstruction is largely based on a re-analysis of pollen records from regions north of Lake Okeechobee (Fig. 1) using a new set of pollen transfer functions. Donders concluded that a latitudinal gradient in precipitation prevailed across Florida since the mid Holocene, but the overall trend was toward progressively wetter conditions from 5000 cal BP to the present.
\nDonders (2014) also proposed that this climatic trend extended across South Florida despite contrary paleo-records from the Everglades. In particular he singled out the Northeast Shark River Slough (NESRS) record of Glaser et al. (2013) as an atypical local signal of paleo-environmental change that was biased by a misinterpretation of the ecology of pine and Amaranthaceae (Amaranth family). In response to this direct critique of our paleo-environmental interpretation, we wish to point out that:
\nSources, abundance, isotopic compositions, and export fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved and colloidal organic carbon (DOC and COC), and particulate organic carbon (POC), and their response to hydrologic regimes were examined through monthly sampling from the Lower Mississippi River during 2006–2008. DIC was the most abundant carbon species, followed by POC and DOC. Concentration and δ13C of DIC decreased with increasing river discharge, while those of DOC remained fairly stable. COC comprised 61 ± 3% of the bulk DOC with similar δ13C abundances but higher percentages of hydrophobic organic acids than DOC, suggesting its aromatic and diagenetically younger status. POC showed peak concentrations during medium flooding events and at the rising limb of large flooding events. While δ13C-POC increased, δ15N of particulate nitrogen decreased with increasing discharge. Overall, the differences in δ13C between DOC or DIC and POC show an inverse correlation with river discharge. The higher input of soil organic matter and respired CO2 during wet seasons was likely the main driver for the convergence of δ13C between DIC and DOC or POC, whereas enhanced in situ primary production and respiration during dry seasons might be responsible for their isotopic divergence. Carbon export fluxes from the Mississippi River were estimated to be 13.6 Tg C yr−1 for DIC, 1.88 Tg C yr−1 for DOC, and 2.30 Tg C yr−1 for POC during 2006–2008. The discharge-normalized DIC yield decreased during wet seasons, while those of POC and DOC increased and remained constant, respectively, implying variable responses in carbon export to the increasing discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JG003139","usgsCitation":"Cai, Y., Guo, L., Wang, X., and Aiken, G.R., 2015, Abundance, stable isotopic composition, and export fluxes of DOC, POC, and DIC from the Lower Mississippi River during 2006–2008: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 120, no. 11, p. 2273-2288, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003139.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2273","endPage":"2288","ipdsId":"IP-068855","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jg003139","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.5,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 29.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582443f6e4b09065cdf3053b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cai, Yihua","contributorId":176752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cai","given":"Yihua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, Laodong","contributorId":176753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Laodong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Xuri","contributorId":176754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Xuri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159543,"text":"70159543 - 2015 - Probing the carbonyl functionality of a petroleum resin and asphaltene through oximation and schiff base formation in conjunction with N-15 NMR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:41:42","indexId":"70159543","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-12T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probing the carbonyl functionality of a petroleum resin and asphaltene through oximation and schiff base formation in conjunction with N-15 NMR","docAbstract":"Despite recent advances in spectroscopic techniques, there is uncertainty regarding the nature of the carbonyl groups in the asphaltene and resin fractions of crude oil, information necessary for an understanding of the physical properties and environmental fate of these materials. Carbonyl and hydroxyl group functionalities are not observed in natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of asphaltenes and resins and therefore require spin labeling techniques for detection. In this study, the carbonyl functionalities of the resin and asphaltene fractions from a light aliphatic crude oil that is the source of groundwater contamination at the long term USGS study site near Bemidji, Minnesota, have been examined through reaction with 15N-labeled hydroxylamine and aniline in conjunction with analysis by solid and liquid state 15N NMR. Ketone groups were revealed through 15N NMR detection of their oxime and Schiff base derivatives, and esters through their hydroxamic acid derivatives. Anilinohydroquinone adducts provided evidence for quinones. Some possible configurations of the ketone groups in the resin and asphaltene fractions can be inferred from a consideration of the likely reactions that lead to heterocyclic condensation products with aniline and to the Beckmann reaction products from the initially formed oximes. These include aromatic ketones and ketones adjacent to quaternary carbon centers, β-hydroxyketones, β-diketones, and β-ketoesters. In a solid state cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) 15N NMR spectrum recorded on the underivatized asphaltene as a control, carbazole and pyrrole-like nitrogens were the major naturally abundant nitrogens detected.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0142452","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., and Cox, L.G., 2015, Probing the carbonyl functionality of a petroleum resin and asphaltene through oximation and schiff base formation in conjunction with N-15 NMR: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 11, e0142452: 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142452.","productDescription":"e0142452: 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062013","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142452","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.108642578125,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -95.108642578125,\n 47.64133557512159\n ],\n [\n -94.64996337890625,\n 47.64133557512159\n ],\n [\n -94.64996337890625,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -95.108642578125,\n 47.338822694822\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5645b887e4b0e2669b30f1d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, Kevin A. 0000-0003-2236-5193 kathorn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-5193","contributorId":3288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Kevin","email":"kathorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Larry G. lgcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":3310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Larry","email":"lgcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":579491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159807,"text":"70159807 - 2015 - Use of stable isotope signatures to determine mercury sources in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:52:12","indexId":"70159807","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-12T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5022,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters","onlineIssn":"2328-8930","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of stable isotope signatures to determine mercury sources in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Sources of mercury (Hg) in Great Lakes sediments were assessed with stable Hg isotope ratios using multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. An isotopic mixing model based on mass-dependent (MDF) and mass-independent fractionation (MIF) (δ202Hg and Δ199Hg) identified three primary Hg sources for sediments: atmospheric, industrial, and watershed-derived. Results indicate atmospheric sources dominate in Lakes Huron, Superior, and Michigan sediments while watershed-derived and industrial sources dominate in Lakes Erie and Ontario sediments. Anomalous Δ200Hg signatures, also apparent in sediments, provided independent validation of the model. Comparison of Δ200Hg signatures in predatory fish from three lakes reveals that bioaccumulated Hg is more isotopically similar to atmospherically derived Hg than a lake’s sediment. Previous research suggests Δ200Hg is conserved during biogeochemical processing and odd mass-independent fractionation (MIF) is conserved during metabolic processing, so it is suspected even is similarly conserved. Given these assumptions, our data suggest that in some cases, atmospherically derived Hg may be a more important source of MeHg to higher trophic levels than legacy sediments in the Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00277","usgsCitation":"Lepak, R.F., Yin, R., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Ogorek, J.M., DeWild, J.F., Holsen, T.M., and Hurley, J., 2015, Use of stable isotope signatures to determine mercury sources in the Great Lakes: Environmental Science & Technology Letters, v. 2, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00277.","productDescription":"7 p.","endPage":"335","numberOfPages":"341","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070652","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00277","text":"Publisher Index 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeWild, John F. 0000-0003-4097-2798 jfdewild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-2798","contributorId":2525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWild","given":"John","email":"jfdewild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holsen, Thomas M.","contributorId":150058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holsen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17897,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New 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Reactive transport models help elucidate how diverse geochemical reactions control the spatiotemporal evolution of these impacts. Using extensive monitoring data from a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota (USA), we implemented a comprehensive model that simulates secondary plumes of depleted dissolved O2 and elevated concentrations of Mn2+, Fe2+, CH4, and Ca2+ over a two-dimensional cross section for 30 years following the spill. The model produces observed changes by representing multiple oil constituents and coupled carbonate and hydroxide chemistry. The model includes reactions with carbonates and Fe and Mn mineral phases, outgassing of CH4 and CO2 gas phases, and sorption of Fe, Mn, and H+. Model results demonstrate that most of the carbon loss from the oil (70%) occurs through direct outgassing from the oil source zone, greatly limiting the amount of CH4 cycled down-gradient. The vast majority of reduced Fe is strongly attenuated on sediments, with most (91%) in the sorbed form in the model. Ferrous carbonates constitute a small fraction of the reduced Fe in simulations, but may be important for furthering the reduction of ferric oxides. The combined effect of concomitant redox reactions, sorption, and dissolved CO2 inputs from source-zone degradation successfully reproduced observed pH. The model demonstrates that secondary water quality impacts may depend strongly on organic carbon properties, and impacts may decrease due to sorption and direct outgassing from the source zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015WR016964","usgsCitation":"Ng, G.C., Bekins, B.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Baedecker, M.J., Bennett, P.C., Amos, R.T., and Herkelrath, W.N., 2015, Reactive transport modeling of geochemical controls on secondary water quality impacts at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 6, p. 4156-4183, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR016964.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"4156","endPage":"4183","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064817","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr016964","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Bemidji","otherGeospatial":"Bemindji Oil Spill site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.13130187988281,\n 47.5363264438391\n ],\n [\n -95.0456428527832,\n 47.5363264438391\n ],\n [\n -95.0456428527832,\n 47.57316730158045\n ],\n [\n -95.13130187988281,\n 47.57316730158045\n ],\n [\n -95.13130187988281,\n 47.5363264438391\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564c5de4e4b0ebfbef0d348b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ng, Gene-Hua Crystal gng@usgs.gov","contributorId":5313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ng","given":"Gene-Hua","email":"gng@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Crystal","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo mjbaedec@usgs.gov","contributorId":3346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"mjbaedec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennett, Philip C.","contributorId":30567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amos, Richard T.","contributorId":69081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amos","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Herkelrath, William N. 0000-0002-6149-5524 wnherkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5524","contributorId":2612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"William","email":"wnherkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70159580,"text":"70159580 - 2015 - Hydrogeochemical effects of a bulkhead in the Dinero mine tunnel, Sugar Loaf mining district, near Leadville, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:44:27","indexId":"70159580","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-10T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeochemical effects of a bulkhead in the Dinero mine tunnel, Sugar Loaf mining district, near Leadville, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Dinero mine drainage tunnel is an abandoned, draining mine adit near Leadville, Colorado, that has an adverse effect on downstream water quality and aquatic life. In 2009, a bulkhead was constructed (creating a mine pool and increasing water-table elevations behind the tunnel) to limit drainage from the tunnel and improve downstream water quality. The goal of this study was to document changes to hydrology and water quality resulting from bulkhead emplacement, and to understand post-bulkhead changes in source water and geochemical processes that control mine-tunnel discharge and water quality. Comparison of pre-and post-bulkhead hydrology and water quality indicated that tunnel discharge and zinc and manganese loads decreased by up to 97 percent at the portal of Dinero tunnel and at two downstream sites (LF-537 and LF-580). However, some water-quality problems persisted at LF-537 and LF-580 during high-flow events and years, indicating the effects of the remaining mine waste in the area. In contrast, post-bulkhead water quality degraded at three upstream stream sites and a draining mine tunnel (Nelson tunnel). Water-quality degradation in the streams likely occurred from increased contributions of mine-pool groundwater to the streams. In contrast, water-quality degradation in the Nelson tunnel was likely from flow of mine-pool water along a vein that connects the Nelson tunnel to mine workings behind the Dinero tunnel bulkhead. Principal components analysis, mixing analysis, and inverse geochemical modeling using PHREEQC indicated that mixing and geochemical reactions (carbonate dissolution during acid weathering, precipitation of goethite and birnessite, and sorption of zinc) between three end-member water types generally explain the pre-and post-bulkhead water composition at the Dinero and Nelson tunnels. The three end members were (1) a relatively dilute groundwater having low sulfate and trace element concentrations; (2) mine pool water, and (3) water that flowed from a structure in front of the bulkhead after bulkhead emplacement. Both (2) and (3) had high sulfate and trace element concentrations. These results indicate how analysis of monitoring information can be used to understand hydrogeochemical changes resulting from bulkhead emplacement. This understanding, in turn, can help inform future decisions on the disposition of the remaining mine waste and water-quality problems in the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.03.002","usgsCitation":"Walton-Day, K., and Mills, T.J., 2015, Hydrogeochemical effects of a bulkhead in the Dinero mine tunnel, Sugar Loaf mining district, near Leadville, Colorado: Applied Geochemistry, v. 62, p. 61-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.03.002.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057803","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Sugar Loaf Mining District","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.3974380493164,\n 39.236109077098135\n ],\n [\n -106.3974380493164,\n 39.26934111143279\n ],\n [\n -106.36722564697266,\n 39.26934111143279\n ],\n [\n -106.36722564697266,\n 39.236109077098135\n ],\n [\n -106.3974380493164,\n 39.236109077098135\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56431534e4b0aafbcd017fb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193 kwaltond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":1245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","email":"kwaltond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, Taylor J. 0000-0001-7252-0521 tmills@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-0521","contributorId":4658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Taylor","email":"tmills@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159525,"text":"70159525 - 2015 - Potential estrogenic effects of wastewaters on gene expression in Pimephales promelas and fish assemblages in streams of southeastern New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:37:29","indexId":"70159525","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-10T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential estrogenic effects of wastewaters on gene expression in Pimephales promelas and fish assemblages in streams of southeastern New York","docAbstract":"Direct linkages between endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) from municipal and industrial wastewaters and impacts on wild fish assemblages are rare. The levels of plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) and Vtg messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to wastewater effluents and dilutions of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), estrogen activity, and fish assemblages in 10 receiving streams were assessed to improve understanding of important interrelations. Results from 4-d laboratory assays indicate that EE2, plasma Vtg concentration, and Vtg gene expression in fathead minnows, and 17β-estradiol equivalents (E2Eq values) were highly related to each other (R2 = 0.98–1.00). Concentrations of E2Eq in most effluents did not exceed 2.0 ng/L, which was possibly a short-term exposure threshold for Vtg gene expression in male fathead minnows. Plasma Vtg in fathead minnows only increased significantly (up to 1136 μg/mL) in 2 wastewater effluents. Fish assemblages were generally unaffected at 8 of 10 study sites, yet the density and biomass of 79% to 89% of species populations were reduced (63–68% were reduced significantly) in the downstream reach of 1 receiving stream. These results, and moderate to high E2Eq concentrations (up to 16.1 ng/L) observed in effluents during a companion study, suggest that estrogenic wastewaters can potentially affect individual fish, their populations, and entire fish communities in comparable systems across New York, USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC Press","doi":"10.1002/etc.3120","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B.P., George, S.D., Phillips, P., Hemming, J.D., Denslow, N., and Kroll, K.J., 2015, Potential estrogenic effects of wastewaters on gene expression in Pimephales promelas and fish assemblages in streams of southeastern New York: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2803-2815, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3120.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2803","endPage":"2815","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043001","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3120","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.8336181640625,\n 41.25406487942273\n ],\n [\n -73.8336181640625,\n 41.53119809844284\n ],\n [\n -73.56170654296875,\n 41.53119809844284\n ],\n [\n -73.56170654296875,\n 41.25406487942273\n ],\n [\n -73.8336181640625,\n 41.25406487942273\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.267333984375,\n 42.037054301883806\n ],\n [\n -75.267333984375,\n 42.42142901536395\n ],\n [\n -74.14398193359375,\n 42.42142901536395\n ],\n [\n -74.14398193359375,\n 42.037054301883806\n ],\n [\n -75.267333984375,\n 42.037054301883806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56431535e4b0aafbcd017fb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, Scott D. 0000-0002-8197-1866 sgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-1866","contributorId":3014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Scott","email":"sgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Patrick J. pjphilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":149753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pjphilli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hemming, Joceyln D. C.","contributorId":149754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemming","given":"Joceyln","email":"","middleInitial":"D. C.","affiliations":[{"id":17815,"text":"Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Denslow, Nancy D.","contributorId":72831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denslow","given":"Nancy D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kroll, Kevin J.","contributorId":82051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroll","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70162025,"text":"70162025 - 2015 - Agencies collaborate, develop a cyanobacteria assessment network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T09:56:46","indexId":"70162025","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-10T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agencies collaborate, develop a cyanobacteria assessment network","docAbstract":"Cyanobacteria are a genetically diverse group of photosynthetic microorganisms that occupy a broad range of habitats on land and water all over the world. They release toxins that can cause lung and skin irritation, alter the taste and odor of potable water, and cause human and animal illness. Cyanobacteria blooms occur worldwide, and climate change may increase the frequency, duration, and extent of these bloom events.
\nRapid detection of potentially harmful blooms is essential to protect humans and animals from exposure. Information about potential for exposure, such as bloom duration, frequency, and extent, is especially critical for developing environmental management decisions during periods of limited resources and funding.
\nThe National Research Council (NRC) report Exposure Science in the 21st Century suggested that effectively assessing and mitigating exposures requires techniques for rapid measurement of a stressor, such as an algal bloom, across diverse geographic, temporal, and biologic scales (e.g., various bloom concentrations) and an enhanced infrastructure to address threats [NRC, 2012]. The report specifically calls for approaches that use diverse information, such as satellite remote sensing, to identify and understand exposures that may pose a threat to ecosystems or human health.
\nA collaborative effort integrates the work of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide an approach for using satellite ocean color capabilities in U.S. fresh and brackish water quality management decisions. The overarching goal of this collaborative project is to detect and quantify cyanobacteria blooms using satellite data records in order to support the environmental management and public use of U.S. lakes and reservoirs.
\nSatellite remote sensing tools may enable policy makers and environmental managers to assess the sustainability of watershed ecosystems and the services they provide, now and in the future. Satellite technology allows us to develop early-warning indicators of cyanobacteria blooms at the local scale while maintaining continuous national coverage.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2015EO038809","usgsCitation":"Schaeffer, B., Loftin, K.A., Stumpf, R., and Werdell, P., 2015, Agencies collaborate, develop a cyanobacteria assessment network: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 96, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.1029/2015EO038809.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063681","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2015eo038809","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a0bdc5e4b0961cf280dc0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaeffer, Blake A.","contributorId":152172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"Blake A.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stumpf, Richard P.","contributorId":7739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpf","given":"Richard P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werdell, P. Jeremy","contributorId":152173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werdell","given":"P. Jeremy","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159570,"text":"70159570 - 2015 - Consolidation drainage and climate change may reduce Piping Plover habitat in the Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-24T10:59:06","indexId":"70159570","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-09T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consolidation drainage and climate change may reduce Piping Plover habitat in the Great Plains","docAbstract":"Many waterbird species utilize a diversity of aquatic habitats; however, with increasing anthropogenic needs to manage water regimes there is global concern over impacts to waterbird populations. The federally threatened Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus; hereafter plovers) is a shorebird that breeds in three habitat types in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Canada: riverine sandbars; reservoir shorelines; and prairie wetlands. Water surface areas of these habitats fluctuate in response to wet-dry periods; decreasing water surface areas expose shorelines that plovers utilize for nesting. Climate varies across the region so when other habitats are unavailable for plover nesting because of flooding, prairie wetlands may periodically provide habitat. Over the last century, many of the wetlands used by plovers in the Prairie Pothole Region have been modified to receive water from consolidation drainage (drainage of smaller wetlands into another wetland), which could eliminate shoreline nesting habitat. We evaluated whether consolidation drainage and fuller wetlands have decreased plover presence in 32 wetlands historically used by plovers. We found that wetlands with more consolidation drainage in their catchment and wetlands that were fuller had a lower probability of plover presence. These results suggest that plovers could have historically used prairie wetlands during the breeding season but consolidation drainage and/or climate change have reduced available shoreline habitat for plovers through increased water levels. Prairie wetlands, outside of some alkali wetlands in the western portion of the region, are less studied as habitat for plovers when compared to river and reservoir shorelines. Our study suggests that these wetlands may have played a larger role in plover ecology than previously thought. Wetland restoration and conservation, through the restoration of natural hydrology, may be required to ensure that adequate habitat exists among the three habitat types in the face of existing or changing climate and to ensure long-term conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Journals","doi":"10.3996/072015-JFWM-068","usgsCitation":"McCauley, L.A., Anteau, M.J., and Post van der Burg, M., 2015, Consolidation drainage and climate change may reduce Piping Plover habitat in the Great Plains: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 7, no. 1, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3996/072015-JFWM-068.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060019","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311113,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.029541015625,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -103.33740234375,\n 48.58932584966972\n ],\n [\n -102.7001953125,\n 48.545705491847464\n ],\n [\n -102.0849609375,\n 48.27588152743497\n ],\n [\n -101.414794921875,\n 48.144097934938884\n ],\n [\n -100.634765625,\n 48.16608541901253\n ],\n [\n -100.206298828125,\n 48.011975126709956\n ],\n [\n -99.84374999999999,\n 47.4355191531953\n ],\n [\n -99.68994140625,\n 46.392411189814645\n ],\n [\n -100.579833984375,\n 46.2330529447983\n ],\n [\n -100.6732177734375,\n 46.24824991289166\n ],\n [\n -100.71716308593749,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -100.84899902343749,\n 46.66074749832071\n ],\n [\n -100.975341796875,\n 46.88647742351024\n ],\n [\n -101.0797119140625,\n 47.12621341795227\n ],\n [\n -101.2664794921875,\n 47.18224592701489\n ],\n [\n -101.5521240234375,\n 47.37231462056695\n ],\n [\n -101.7498779296875,\n 47.42065432071321\n ],\n [\n -102.05749511718749,\n 47.43923470537306\n ],\n [\n -102.4530029296875,\n 47.431803338643334\n ],\n [\n -102.579345703125,\n 47.56170075451973\n ],\n [\n -102.557373046875,\n 47.71715357016648\n ],\n [\n -102.7386474609375,\n 47.85003078545827\n ],\n [\n -102.7001953125,\n 48.00094957553023\n ],\n [\n -102.9913330078125,\n 48.06706753191901\n ],\n [\n -103.150634765625,\n 48.0156497866894\n ],\n [\n -103.55712890625,\n 47.923704717745686\n ],\n [\n -103.765869140625,\n 48.103763074117765\n ],\n [\n -103.9251708984375,\n 48.334343174592014\n ],\n [\n -104.029541015625,\n 48.45835188280866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5641c3aae4b0831b7d62e725","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCauley, Lisa A. lmccauley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCauley","given":"Lisa","email":"lmccauley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":579519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Post van der Burg, Max 0000-0002-3943-4194 maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-4194","contributorId":4947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post van der Burg","given":"Max","email":"maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160098,"text":"70160098 - 2015 - Accounting for time- and space-varying changes in the gravity field to improve the network adjustment of relative-gravity data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T11:38:47","indexId":"70160098","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accounting for time- and space-varying changes in the gravity field to improve the network adjustment of relative-gravity data","docAbstract":"The relative gravimeter is the primary terrestrial instrument for measuring spatially and temporally varying gravitational fields. The background noise of the instrument—that is, non-linear drift and random tares—typically requires some form of least-squares network adjustment to integrate data collected during a campaign that may take several days to weeks. Here, we present an approach to remove the change in the observed relative-gravity differences caused by hydrologic or other transient processes during a single campaign, so that the adjusted gravity values can be referenced to a single epoch. The conceptual approach is an example of coupled hydrogeophysical inversion, by which a hydrologic model is used to inform and constrain the geophysical forward model. The hydrologic model simulates the spatial variation of the rate of change of gravity as either a linear function of distance from an infiltration source, or using a 3-D numerical groundwater model. The linear function can be included in and solved for as part of the network adjustment. Alternatively, the groundwater model is used to predict the change of gravity at each station through time, from which the accumulated gravity change is calculated and removed from the data prior to the network adjustment. Data from a field experiment conducted at an artificial-recharge facility are used to verify our approach. Maximum gravity change due to hydrology (observed using a superconducting gravimeter) during the relative-gravity field campaigns was up to 2.6 μGal d−1, each campaign was between 4 and 6 d and one month elapsed between campaigns. The maximum absolute difference in the estimated gravity change between two campaigns, two months apart, using the standard network adjustment method and the new approach, was 5.5 μGal. The maximum gravity change between the same two campaigns was 148 μGal, and spatial variation in gravity change revealed zones of preferential infiltration and areas of relatively high groundwater storage. The accommodation for spatially varying gravity change would be most important for long-duration campaigns, campaigns with very rapid changes in gravity and (or) campaigns where especially precise observed relative-gravity differences are used in the network adjustment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Published for the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft, and the European Geophysical Society by Blackwell Scientific Publications","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggv493","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, J.R., and Ferre, T.P., 2015, Accounting for time- and space-varying changes in the gravity field to improve the network adjustment of relative-gravity data: Geophysical Journal International, v. 2, no. 204, p. 892-906, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv493.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"892","endPage":"906","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067380","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv493","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"204","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff63be4b09cfe53ca7965","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferre, Ty P.A.","contributorId":102167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferre","given":"Ty","email":"","middleInitial":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70158900,"text":"ofr20151103 - 2015 - smwrData—An R package of example hydrologic data, version 1.1.1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-09T09:35:19","indexId":"ofr20151103","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-06T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1103","title":"smwrData—An R package of example hydrologic data, version 1.1.1","docAbstract":"A collection of 24 datasets, including streamflow, well characteristics, groundwater elevations, and discrete water-quality concentrations, is provided to produce a consistent set of example data to demonstrate typical data manipulations or statistical analysis of hydrologic data. These example data are provided in an R package called smwrData. The data in the package have been collected by the U.S. Geological Survey or published in its reports, for example Helsel and Hirsch (2002). The R package provides a convenient mechanism for distributing the data to users of R within the U.S. Geological Survey and other users in the R community.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151103","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, D.L., 2015, smwrData—An R package of example hydrologic data, version 1.1.1: U.S. Geological\nSurvey Open-File Report 2015–1103, 5 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151103.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 3 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040392","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1103/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":311068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1103/ofr20151103.pdf","text":"Report","size":"316 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":311069,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1103/downloads/smwrData-manual.pdf","text":"Appendix","size":"193 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix"}],"contact":"Director, Minnesota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, Minnesota 55112
http://mn.water.usgs.gov/
Springs in Black Canyon of the Colorado River, directly south of Hoover Dam in the Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Nevada and Arizona, are important hydrologic features that support a unique riparian ecosystem including habitat for endangered species. Rapid population growth in areas near and surrounding Black Canyon has caused concern among resource managers that such growth could affect the discharge from these springs. The U.S. Geological Survey studied the springs in Black Canyon between January 2008, and May 2014. The purposes of this study were to provide a baseline of discharge and hydrochemical data from selected springs in Black Canyon and to better understand the sources of water to the springs.
\nVarious hydrologic, hydrochemical, geochemical, and geologic data were collected and analyzed during this study. More than 100 hydrologic sites consisting of springs, seeps, pools, rivers, reservoirs, and wells were investigated, and measurements were taken at 75 of these sites. Water levels were measured or compiled for 42 wells and samples of water were collected from 36 unique sites and submitted for laboratory analyses of hydrochemical constituents. Measurements of discrete discharge were made from nine unique spring areas and four sites in Black Canyon were selected for continuous monitoring of discharge. Additionally, samples of rock near Hoover Dam were collected and analyzed to determine the age of spring deposits.
\nResults of hydrochemical analyses indicate that discharge from springs in Black Canyon is from two sources: (1) Lake Mead, and (2) a local and (or) regional source. Discharge from springs closest to Hoover Dam contains a substantial percentage (>50 percent) of water from Lake Mead. This includes springs that are between Hoover Dam and Palm Tree Spring. Discharge from springs south of Palm Tree Spring contains a substantial percentage (>50 percent) of the water that is believed to come from a combination of other local and regional sources, although the exact location and nature of these sources is not clear. The unique hydrochemistry of some springs, such as Bighorn Sheep Spring and Latos Pool, suggests that little if any water discharging from these springs comes from Lake Mead. Geochronological results of spring deposits at several sites near Hoover Dam indicate that most deposits are young and likely formed after the construction of Hoover Dam.
\nSeveral major faults, including the Salt Cedar Fault and the Palm Tree Fault, play an important role in the movement of groundwater. Groundwater may move along these faults and discharge where faults intersect volcanic breccias or fractured rock. Vertical movement of groundwater along faults is suggested as a mechanism for the introduction of heat energy present in groundwater from many of the springs. Groundwater altitudes in the study area indicate a potential for flow from Eldorado Valley to Black Canyon although current interpretations of the geology of this area do not favor such flow. If groundwater from Eldorado Valley discharges at springs in Black Canyon then the development of groundwater resources in Eldorado Valley could result in a decrease in discharge from the springs. Geology and structure indicate that it is not likely that groundwater can move between Detrital Valley and Black Canyon. Thus, the development of groundwater resources in Detrital Valley may not result in a decrease in discharge from springs in Black Canyon.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155130","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Moran, M.J., Wilson, J.W., and Beard, L.S., 2015, Hydrogeology and sources of water to select springs in Black Canyon, south of Hoover Dam, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Nevada and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5130, 61 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155130.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 61 p.; 4 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060431","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310988,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5130/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310989,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5130/sir20155130.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5130"},{"id":310990,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5130/sir20155130_appendixa.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"25 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5130 Appendix A"},{"id":310991,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5130/sir20155130_appendixb.xlsx","text":"Appendix B","size":"32 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5130 Appendix B"},{"id":310992,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5130/sir20155130_appendixc.xlsx","text":"Appendix C","size":"36 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5130 Appendix C"},{"id":310993,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5130/sir20155130_appendixd.xlsx","text":"Appendix D","size":"68 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5130 Appendix D"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Black Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.78790283203125,\n 35.8411948281412\n ],\n [\n -114.78790283203125,\n 36.058536144240506\n ],\n [\n -114.62928771972655,\n 36.058536144240506\n ],\n [\n -114.62928771972655,\n 35.8411948281412\n ],\n [\n -114.78790283203125,\n 35.8411948281412\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, NV 89701
http://nevada.usgs.gov/water/
Upward trends in precipitation and streamflow have been observed in the northeastern Missouri River Basin during the past century, including the area of eastern South Dakota. Some of the identified upward trends were anomalously large relative to surrounding parts of the northern Great Plains. Forcing factors for streamflow trends in eastern South Dakota are not well understood, and it is not known whether streamflow trends are driven primarily by climatic changes or various land-use changes. Understanding the effects that climate (specifically precipitation and temperature) has on streamflow characteristics within a region will help to better understand additional factors such as land-use alterations that may affect the hydrology of the region. To aid in this understanding, a study was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the East Dakota Water Development District and James River Water Development District, to assess trends in climate and streamflow characteristics at 10 selected streamgages in eastern South Dakota for water years (WYs) 1945–2013 (69 years) and WYs 1980–2013 (34 years). A WY is the 12-month period, October 1 through September 30, and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. One streamgage is on the Whetstone River, a tributary to the Minnesota River, and the other streamgages are in the James, Big Sioux, and Vermillion River Basins. The watersheds for two of the James River streamgages extend into North Dakota, and parts of the watersheds for two of the Big Sioux River streamgages extend into Minnesota and Iowa. The objectives of this study were to document trends in streamflow and precipitation in these watersheds, and characterize the residual streamflow variability that might be attributed to factors other than precipitation. Residuals were computed as the departure from a locally-weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) model. Significance of trends was based on the Mann-Kendall nonparametric test at a 0.10 significance level.
\nOf the 10 streamgages selected, only the Elm River at Westport (in the upper part of James River Basin) did not have a significant upward trend in annual mean streamflow for WYs 1945–2013, whereas only one-half of the streamgages had significant upward trends in annual mean streamflow for WYs 1980–2013. Mean and 7-day minimum streamflows also had upward trends for the spring runoff period (March–May) for most of the streamgages during WYs 1945–2013 and for one streamgage during WYs 1980–2013. Magnitudes of increases in streamflow were as great as 30 cubic feet per second per year for the streamgage on the James River near Scotland during WYs 1980–2013.
\nPrecipitation trends for WYs 1945–2013 were not necessarily significant for the watersheds of streamgages with a significant streamflow trend. Annual total precipitation had a significant upward trend for the watersheds of 4 of the 10 streamgages during WYs 1945–2013 and no significant trends for WYs 1980–2013. The most widespread precipitation increase was for September–November, with significant upward trends for the watersheds of 8 of the 10 streamgages during WYs 1945–2013; however, no trends in September– November precipitation were significant for WYs 1980–2013. The greatest magnitude of increase in precipitation was for the December–May season during WYs 1980–2013, which had a mean increase of 0.106 inch per year in the watersheds of streamgages with significant trends.
\nThe correlation between streamflow and precipitation metrics was low as indicated by the mean coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.18 for all pairs considered. The highest locally-weighed scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) correlation was between annual precipitation (by water year) and annual mean streamflow (by water year), which had a mean R2 of 0.47 for all streamgages and was as high as 0.72 for one streamgage. The correlation between annual precipitation and March–May mean streamflow had a mean R2 of 0.33 for all streamgages and was as high as 0.52 for one streamgage. Other metrics had R2 values for LOWESS correlations that were less than 0.3 and were not further considered for analyses of residuals. For annual precipitation as a predictor of annual mean flow, precipitation-removed streamflow had significant upward trends during WYs 1945–2013 for one-half of the streamgages. Upward trends in residual annual mean streamflow were indicated for the Whetstone River and lower part of the Big Sioux River Basin, indicating that other factors are contributors to streamflow variability during WYs 1945–2013. In contrast, most of the streamgages in the James and Vermillion River Basins had no trends in residual annual mean streamflow, indicating that streamflow trends can be explained primarily by precipitation. Precipitation-removed streamflow had fewer trends during the more recent analysis period of WYs 1980–2013 than WYs 1945–2013 for all streamgages in eastern South Dakota. Upward trends in residuals for March– May mean streamflow were indicated for Skunk Creek at Sioux Falls and the Big Sioux River at Akron, but trends in residuals were not significant at the remaining streamgages.
\nFor the streamgages with significant trends in residual streamflow (such as the streamgage on the Whetstone River and streamgages in the Big Sioux River Basin), land-use changes likely are minor factors, with the main factors probably being changes in the timing and frequency of large precipitation events and persistently wetter antecedent conditions. Changes in the relation between precipitation and streamflow since 1945 were evident when considering the runoff efficiency of the watershed. For example, the streamflow response to annual precipitation of 25 inches for the James River near Scotland increased from approximately 1,000 cubic feet per second for WYs 1945–1990 to about 2,500 cubic feet per second for WYs 1991–2013. The importance of antecedent conditions on annual mean streamflow also was indicated by the significance of the multiple linear regression coefficients of annual mean streamflow and precipitation from preceding water years for all but one streamgage. In addition, rising groundwater levels are present in wells in eastern South Dakota, particularly since the 1980s.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the East Dakota Water Development District and James River Water Development District","usgsCitation":"Hoogestraat, G.K., and Stamm, J.F., 2015, Climate and streamflow characteristics for selected streamgages in eastern\nSouth Dakota, water years 1945–2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5146, 35 p., with\nappendix, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155146.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1944-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-066397","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5146/sir20155146.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5146"},{"id":310792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5146/appendix.xlsx","text":"Appendix","size":"94 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5146 Appendix"},{"id":310789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5146/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Big Sioux River basin, James River basin, Minnesota River basin, Vermillion River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.8876953125,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -100.17333984375,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -100.2392578125,\n 44.94924926661153\n ],\n [\n -98.8330078125,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -98.59130859375,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -97.88818359375,\n 42.76314586689494\n ],\n [\n -97.44873046875,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -96.45996093749999,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -96.45996093749999,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -95.77880859375,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -95.95458984375,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -96.96533203125,\n 44.793530904744074\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -96.83349609375,\n 45.61403741135093\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -98.06396484375,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -98.4814453125,\n 46.30140615437332\n ],\n [\n -98.7890625,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -99.25048828124999,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -99.8876953125,\n 46.649436163350245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, South Dakota 57702
http://sd.water.usgs.gov/
This study examined the kinetics of photoreduction of Hg(II) and photodemethylation of methylmercury (MeHg+) attached to, or in the presence of, dissolved organic matter (DOM). Both Hg(II) and MeHg+ are principally bound to reduced sulfur groups associated with DOM in many freshwater systems. We propose that a direct photolysis mechanism is plausible for reduction of Hg(II) bound to reduced sulfur groups on DOM while an indirect mechanism is supported for photodemethylation of MeHg+ bound to DOM. UV spectra of Hg(II) and MeHg+ bound to thiol containing molecules demonstrate that the Hg(II)–S bond is capable of absorbing UV-light in the solar spectrum to a much greater extent than MeHg+–S bonds. Experiments with chemically distinct DOM isolates suggest that concentration of DOM matters little in the photochemistry if there are enough reduced S sites present to strongly bind MeHg+ and Hg(II); DOM concentration does not play a prominent role in photodemethylation other than to screen light, which was demonstrated in a field experiment in the highly colored St. Louis River where photodemethylation was not observed at depths ≥10 cm. Experiments with thiol ligands yielded slower photodegradation rates for MeHg+ than in experiments with DOM and thiols; rates in the presence of DOM alone were the fastest supporting an intra-DOM mechanism. Hg(II) photoreduction rates, however, were similar in experiments with only DOM, thiols plus DOM, or only thiols suggesting a direct photolysis mechanism. Quenching experiments also support the existence of an intra-DOM photodemethylation mechanism for MeHg+. Utilizing the difference in photodemethylation rates measured for MeHg+ attached to DOM or thiol ligands, the binding constant for MeHg+ attached to thiol groups on DOM was estimated to be 1016.7.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/C5EM00305A","usgsCitation":"Jeremiason, J.D., Portner, J.C., Aiken, G.R., Hiranaka, A.J., Dvorak, M.T., Tran, K.T., and Latch, D.E., 2015, Photoreduction of Hg(II) and photodemethylation of methylmercury: the key role of thiol sites on dissolved organic matter: Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts, v. 17, no. 11, p. 1892-1903, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EM00305A.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1892","endPage":"1903","ipdsId":"IP-069115","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5969d82de4b0d1f9f060a19c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeremiason, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":7146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeremiason","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Portner, Joshua C.","contributorId":194678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Portner","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hiranaka, Amber J.","contributorId":194679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiranaka","given":"Amber","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dvorak, Michelle T.","contributorId":194680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dvorak","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tran, Khuyen T.","contributorId":194681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tran","given":"Khuyen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Latch, Douglas E.","contributorId":194682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Latch","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70160049,"text":"70160049 - 2015 - The surface elevation table and marker horizon technique: A protocol for monitoring wetland elevation dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-01T12:08:34","indexId":"70160049","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NCBN/NRR—2015/1078","title":"The surface elevation table and marker horizon technique: A protocol for monitoring wetland elevation dynamics","docAbstract":"The National Park Service, in response to the growing evidence and awareness of the effects of climate change on federal lands, determined that monitoring wetland elevation change is a top priority in North Atlantic Coastal parks (Stevens et al, 2010). As a result, the NPS Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network (NCBN) in collaboration with colleagues from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have developed a protocol for monitoring wetland elevation change and other processes important for determining the viability of wetland communities. Although focused on North Atlantic Coastal parks, this document is applicable to all coastal and inland wetland regions. Wetlands exist within a narrow range of elevation which is influenced by local hydrologic conditions. For coastal wetlands in particular, local hydrologic conditions may be changing as sea levels continue to rise. As sea level rises, coastal wetland systems may respond by building elevation to maintain favorable hydrologic conditions for their survival. This protocol provides the reader with instructions and guidelines on designing a monitoring plan or study to: A) Quantify elevation change in wetlands with the Surface Elevation Table (SET). B) Understand the processes that influence elevation change, including vertical accretion (SET and Marker Horizon methods). C) Survey the wetland surface and SET mark to a common reference datum to allow for comparing sample stations to each other and to local tidal datums. D) Survey the SET mark to monitor its relative stability. This document is divided into two parts; the main body that presents an overview of all aspects of monitoring wetland elevation dynamics, and a collection of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) that describes in detail how to perform or execute each step of the methodology. Detailed instruction on the installation, data collection, data management and analysis are provided in this report and associated SOP’s. A better understanding of these processes will help to determine the present and future viability of coastal wetlands managed by NPS and can help address measures that will ensure these communities exist into the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","collaboration":"National Park Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"James C. Lynch, Hensel, P., and Cahoon, D.R., 2015, The surface elevation table and marker horizon technique: A protocol for monitoring wetland elevation dynamics: Natural Resource Report NPS/NCBN/NRR—2015/1078, xviii., 62 p., SOP 1-1-10-3.","productDescription":"xviii., 62 p., SOP 1-1-10-3","ipdsId":"IP-070057","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":365251,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2225005"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d3dd3de4b0571647d19adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James C. Lynch","contributorId":150450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James C. Lynch","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hensel, Phillippe","contributorId":150451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hensel","given":"Phillippe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187118,"text":"70187118 - 2015 - Widespread occurrence of (per)chlorate in the Solar System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:27:42","indexId":"70187118","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread occurrence of (per)chlorate in the Solar System","docAbstract":"Perchlorate (ClO− 4 ) and chlorate (ClO− 3 ) are ubiquitous on Earth and ClO− 4 has also been found on Mars. These species can play important roles in geochemical processes such as oxidation of organic matter and as biological electron acceptors, and are also indicators of important photochemical reactions involving oxyanions; on Mars they could be relevant for human habitability both in terms of in situ resource utilization and potential human health effects. For the first time, we extracted, detected and quantified ClO− 4 and ClO− 3 in extraterrestrial, non-planetary samples: regolith and rock samples from the Moon, and two chondrite meteorites (Murchison and Fayetteville). Lunar samples were collected by astronauts during the Apollo program, and meteorite samples were recovered immediately after their fall. This fact, together with the heterogeneous distribution of ClO− 4 and ClO− 3 within some of the samples, and their relative abundance with respect to other soluble species (e.g., NO− 3 ) are consistent with an extraterrestrial origin of the oxychlorine species. Our results, combined with the previously reported widespread occurrence on Earth and Mars, indicate that ClO− 4 and ClO− 3 could be present throughout the Solar System.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.003","usgsCitation":"Jackson, W.A., Davila, A., Sears, D.W., Coates, J.D., McKay, C.P., Brundrett, M., Estrada, N., and Bohlke, J., 2015, Widespread occurrence of (per)chlorate in the Solar System: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 430, p. 470-476, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.003.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"470","endPage":"476","ipdsId":"IP-066388","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"430","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea1e4b006455f2d61d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, W. Andrew","contributorId":191113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davila, Alfonso F","contributorId":191267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davila","given":"Alfonso F","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sears, Derek W. G.","contributorId":191273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sears","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"W. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coates, John D.","contributorId":191274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coates","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKay, Christopher P.","contributorId":58156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brundrett, Meaghan","contributorId":191275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brundrett","given":"Meaghan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Estrada, Nubia","contributorId":176622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Estrada","given":"Nubia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70155230,"text":"70155230 - 2015 - Stable carbon isotope fractionation during bacterial acetylene fermentation: Potential for life detection in hydrocarbon-rich volatiles of icy planet(oid)s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:45:53","indexId":"70155230","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":912,"text":"Astrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable carbon isotope fractionation during bacterial acetylene fermentation: Potential for life detection in hydrocarbon-rich volatiles of icy planet(oid)s","docAbstract":"We report the first study of stable carbon isotope fractionation during microbial fermentation of acetylene (C2H2) in sediments, sediment enrichments, and bacterial cultures. Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) averaged 3.7 ± 0.5‰ for slurries prepared with sediment collected at an intertidal mudflat in San Francisco Bay and 2.7 ± 0.2‰ for a pure culture of Pelobacter sp. isolated from these sediments. A similar KIE of 1.8 ± 0.7‰ was obtained for methanogenic enrichments derived from sediment collected at freshwater Searsville Lake, California. However, C2H2 uptake by a highly enriched mixed culture (strain SV7) obtained from Searsville Lake sediments resulted in a larger KIE of 9.0 ± 0.7‰. These are modest KIEs when compared with fractionation observed during oxidation of C1 compounds such as methane and methyl halides but are comparable to results obtained with other C2compounds. These observations may be useful in distinguishing biologically active processes operating at distant locales in the Solar System where C2H2 is present. These locales include the surface of Saturn's largest moon Titan and the vaporous water- and hydrocarbon-rich jets emanating from Enceladus.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","doi":"10.1089/ast.2015.1355","usgsCitation":"Miller, L., Baesman, S., and Oremland, R., 2015, Stable carbon isotope fractionation during bacterial acetylene fermentation: Potential for life detection in hydrocarbon-rich volatiles of icy planet(oid)s: Astrobiology, v. 15, no. 11, p. 977-986, https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2015.1355.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"977","endPage":"986","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065877","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2015.1355","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57779435e4b07dd077c9062c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Laurence lgmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":145772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Laurence","email":"lgmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baesman, Shaun 0000-0003-0741-8269 sbaesman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-8269","contributorId":3478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baesman","given":"Shaun","email":"sbaesman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, Ron roremlan@usgs.gov","contributorId":145773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ron","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159500,"text":"70159500 - 2015 - Mercury in stream water at five Czech catchments across a Hg and S deposition gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-09T14:02:46","indexId":"70159500","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in stream water at five Czech catchments across a Hg and S deposition gradient","docAbstract":"The Czech Republic was heavily industrialized in the second half of the 20th century but the associated emissions of Hg and S from coal burning were significantly reduced since the 1990s. We studied dissolved (filtered) stream water mercury (Hg) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations at five catchments with contrasting Hg and S deposition histories in the Bohemian part of the Czech Republic. The median filtered Hg concentrations of stream water samples collected in hydrological years 2012 and 2013 from the five sites varied by an order of magnitude from 1.3 to 18.0 ng L− 1. The Hg concentrations at individual catchments were strongly correlated with DOC concentrations r from 0.64 to 0.93 and with discharge r from 0.48 to 0.75. Annual export fluxes of filtered Hg from individual catchments ranged from 0.11 to 13.3 μg m− 2 yr− 1 and were highest at sites with the highest DOC export fluxes. However, the amount of Hg exported per unit DOC varied widely; the mean Hg/DOC ratio in stream water at the individual sites ranged from 0.28 to 0.90 ng mg− 1. The highest stream Hg/DOC ratios occurred at sites Pluhův Bor and Jezeří which both are in the heavily polluted Black Triangle area. Stream Hg/DOC was inversely related to mineral and total soil pool Hg/C across the five sites. We explain this pattern by greater soil Hg retention due to inhibition of soil organic matter decomposition at the sites with low stream Hg/DOC and/or by precipitation of a metacinnabar (HgS) phase. Thus mobilization of Hg into streams from forest soils likely depends on combined effects of organic matter decomposition dynamics and HgS-like phase precipitation, which were both affected by Hg and S deposition histories.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.07.016","usgsCitation":"Navrátil, T., Shanley, J.B., Rohovec, J., Oulehle, F., Kram, P., Matouskova, S., Tesar, M., and Hojdová, M., 2015, Mercury in stream water at five Czech catchments across a Hg and S deposition gradient: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 158, p. 201-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.07.016.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"211","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066709","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311030,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037567421530042X"}],"country":"Czech Republic","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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Norway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:30:16","indexId":"70189370","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects and quantification of acid runoff from sulfide-bearing rock deposited during construction of Highway E18, Norway","docAbstract":"The Highway E18 between the cities of Grimstad and Kristiansand, southern Norway, constructed in the period 2006–2009, cuts through sulfide-bearing rock. The geology of this area is dominated by slowly-weathering gneiss and granites, and oxidation of fresh rock surfaces can result in acidification of surface water. Sulfide-containing rock waste from excavations during construction work was therefore deposited in three waste rock deposits off-site. The deposits consist of 630,000–2,360,000 metric tons of waste rock material. Shell sand and limestone gravel were added in layers in adequate amounts to mitigate initial acid runoff in one of the deposits. The shell sand addition was not adequate in the two others. The pH in the effluents from these two was reduced from 4.9–6.5 to 4.0–4.6, and Al concentrations increased from below 0.4 mg/L to 10–20 mg/L. Stream concentrations of trace metals increased by a factor of 25–400, highest for Ni, and then in decreasing order for Co, Mn, Cd, Zn and Cu. Concentrations of As, Cr and Fe remained unchanged. Ratios of Co/Ni and Cd/Zn indicate that the metal sources for these pair of metals are sphalerite and pyrite, respectively. Based on surveys and established critical limits for Al, surface waters downstream became toxic to fish and invertebrates. The sulfur release rates were remarkably stable in the monitoring period at all three sites. Annual sulfur release was 0.1–0.4% of the total amount of sulfur in the deposit, indicating release periods of 250–800 years. Precipitates of Al-hydroxysulfates, well-known from mining sites, were found at the base of the deposits, in streams and also along the ocean shore-line. The effects of added neutralization agents in the deposits and in treatment areas downstream gradually decreased, as indicated by reduced stream pH over time. Active measures are needed to avoid harmful ecological effects in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.016","usgsCitation":"Hindar, A., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2015, Effects and quantification of acid runoff from sulfide-bearing rock deposited during construction of Highway E18, Norway: Applied Geochemistry, v. 62, p. 150-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.016.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-057362","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2564292","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Norway","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59673543e4b0d1f9f05dd7df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hindar, Atle","contributorId":194512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hindar","given":"Atle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186870,"text":"70186870 - 2015 - Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:34:17","indexId":"70186870","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions","docAbstract":"A comparison of the hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger volumes of crystalline rock was conducted in the Piedmont physiographic region near Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Fluid-injection tests were conducted on intervals of boreholes isolating closely spaced fractures. Single-hole tests were conducted by pumping in open boreholes for approximately 30 min, and an interference test was conducted by pumping a single borehole over 3 days while monitoring nearby boreholes. An estimate of the hydraulic conductivity of the rock over hundreds of meters was inferred from simulating groundwater inflow into a kilometer-long section of a Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority tunnel in the study area, and a groundwater modeling investigation over the Rock Creek watershed provided an estimate of the hydraulic conductivity over kilometers. The majority of groundwater flow is confined to relatively few fractures at a given location. Boreholes installed to depths of approximately 50 m have one or two highly transmissive fractures; the transmissivity of the remaining fractures ranges over five orders of magnitude. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger rock volumes varied by less than half an order of magnitude. While many investigations point to increasing hydraulic conductivity as a function of the measurement scale, a comparison with selected investigations shows that the effective hydraulic conductivity estimated over larger volumes of rock can either increase, decrease, or remain stable as a function of the measurement scale. Caution needs to be exhibited in characterizing effective hydraulic properties in fractured rock for the purposes of groundwater management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-015-1285-7","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., Ladderud, J., and Yager, R.M., 2015, Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 23, no. 7, p. 1319-1339, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1285-7.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1319","endPage":"1339","ipdsId":"IP-065461","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ef3dace4b0eed1ab8e3be4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ladderud, Jeffery","contributorId":190799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ladderud","given":"Jeffery","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156184,"text":"sir20155115 - 2015 - Hydrology of and Current Monitoring Issues for the Chicago Area Waterway System, Northeastern Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T07:36:24","indexId":"sir20155115","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-28T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5115","title":"Hydrology of and Current Monitoring Issues for the Chicago Area Waterway System, Northeastern Illinois","docAbstract":"The Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) consists of a combination of natural and manmade channels that form an interconnected navigable waterway of approximately 90-plus miles in the metropolitan Chicago area of northeastern Illinois. The CAWS serves the area as the primary drainage feature, a waterway transportation corridor, and recreational waterbody. The CAWS was constructed by the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC). Completion of the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (initial portion of the CAWS) in 1900 breached a low drainage divide and resulted in a diversion of water from the Lake Michigan Basin. A U.S. Supreme Court decree (Consent Decree 388 U.S. 426 [1967] Modified 449 U.S. 48 [1980]) limits the annual diversion from Lake Michigan. While the State of Illinois is responsible for the diversion, the MWRDGC regulates and maintains water level and water quality within the CAWS by using several waterway control structures. The operation and control of water levels in the CAWS results in a very complex hydraulic setting characterized by highly unsteady flows. The complexity leads to unique gaging requirements and monitoring issues. This report provides a general discussion of the complex hydraulic setting within the CAWS and quantifies this information with examples of data collected at a range of flow conditions from U.S. Geological Survey streamflow gaging stations and other locations within the CAWS. Monitoring to address longstanding issues of waterway operation, as well as current (2014) emerging issues such as wastewater disinfection and the threat from aquatic invasive species, is included in the discussion.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency– Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Duncker, J.J. and Johnson, K.K., 2015, Hydrology of and current monitoring issues for the Chicago Area Waterway\nSystem, northeastern Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5115, 48 p., https://dx.doi.\norg/10.3133/sir20155115.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038442","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310678,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5115/sir20155115.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5115"},{"id":310677,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5115/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.099365234375,\n 41.57847058443442\n ],\n [\n -88.099365234375,\n 42.18579390537848\n ],\n [\n -87.47039794921874,\n 42.18579390537848\n ],\n [\n -87.47039794921874,\n 41.57847058443442\n ],\n [\n -88.099365234375,\n 41.57847058443442\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 N. Goodwin Avenue
Urbana, IL 61801
http://il.water.usgs.gov/
The Albuquerque Basin, located in central New Mexico, is about 100 miles long and 25–40 miles wide. The basin is hydrologically defined as the extent of consolidated and unconsolidated deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age that encompasses the structural Rio Grande Rift. Drinking-water supplies throughout the basin were obtained solely from groundwater resources until December 2008, when treatment and distribution of surface water from the Rio Grande through the San Juan-Chama Drinking Water Project began. A 20-percent population increase in the basin from 1990 to 2000 and a 22-percent population increase from 2000 to 2010 resulted in an increased demand for water.
An initial network of wells was established by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque from April 1982 through September 1983 to monitor changes in groundwater levels throughout the basin. This network consisted of 6 wells with analog-to-digital recorders and 27 wells where water levels were measured monthly in 1983. The network currently (2014) consists of 125 wells and piezometers. (A piezometer is a specialized well open to a specific depth in the aquifer, often of small diameter and nested with other piezometers open to different depths.) The USGS, in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority, currently (2014) measures and reports water levels from the 125 wells and piezometers in the network; this report presents water-level data collected by USGS personnel at those 125 sites through water year 2014 (October 1, 2013, to September 30, 2014).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds963","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Beman, J.E., 2015, Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2014 (ver. 1.1, August 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 963, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds963.","productDescription":"iii, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063333","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0963/ds963.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 963"},{"id":388363,"rank":2,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0963/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"535 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 963 Version History"},{"id":388485,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0963/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.03955078125,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -108.03955078125,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -106.23779296875,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -106.23779296875,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -108.03955078125,\n 34.252676117101515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1: August 2021","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
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Water quality data collected in 2012 for 10 above- and 14 below-drainage coal mine discharges (CMDs), classified by mining or excavation method, in the anthracite region of Pennsylvania, USA, are compared with data for 1975, 1991, and 1999 to evaluate long-term (37 year) changes in pH, SO42−, and Fe concentrations related to geochemistry, hydrology, and natural attenuation processes. We hypothesized that CMD quality will improve over time because of diminishing quantities of unweathered pyrite, decreased access of O2 to the subsurface after mine closure, decreased rates of acid production, and relatively constant influx of alkalinity from groundwater. Discharges from shafts, slopes, and boreholes, which are vertical or steeply sloping excavations, are classified as below-drainage; these receive groundwater inputs with low dissolved O2, resulting in limited pyrite oxidation, dilution, and gradual improvement of CMD water quality. In contrast, discharges from drifts and tunnels, which are nearly horizontal excavations into hillsides, are classified as above-drainage; these would exhibit less improvement in water quality over time because the rock surfaces continue to be exposed to air, which facilitates sustained pyrite oxidation, acid production, and alkalinity consumption. Nonparametric Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank tests between 1975 and 2012 samples indicate decreases in Fe and SO42− concentrations were highly significant (p < 0.05) and increases in pH were marginally significant (p < 0.1) for below-drainage discharges. For above-drainage discharges, changes in Fe and SO42−concentrations were not significant, and increases in pH were highly significant between 1975 and 2012. Although a greater proportion of above-drainage discharges were net acidic in 2012 compared to below-drainage discharges, the increase in pH between 1975 and 2012 was greater for above- (median pH increase from 4.4 to 6.0) compared to below- (median pH increase from 5.6 to 6.1) drainage discharges. For cases where O2 is limited, transformation of aqueous FeII species to FeIII may be kinetically limited. In contrast, where O2 is abundant, aqueous Fe concentrations may be limited by FeIIImineral precipitation; thus, trends in Fe may not follow those for SO42−. In either case, when the supply of alkalinity is sufficient to buffer decreased acidity, the pH could increase by a step trend from strongly acidic (3–3.5) to near neutral (6–6.5) values. Modeled equilibrium with respect to FeIII precipitates varies with pH and Fe and SO42−reconcentrations: increasing pH promotes the formation of ferrihydrite, while decreasing concentrations of Fe limit the formation of ferrihydrite, and decreasing Fe and SO42−concentrations limit the precipitation of schwertmannite and favor formation of FeIIIhydroxyl complexes and uncomplexed Fe2+ and Fe3+. The analysis of the long-term geochemical changes in CMDs in the anthracite field and the effect of the hydrologic setting on water quality presented in this paper can help prioritize CMD remediation and facilitate selection and design of the most appropriate treatment systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.010","usgsCitation":"Burrows, J.E., Peters, S.C., and Cravotta, C.A., 2015, Temporal geochemical variations in above- and below-drainage coal mine discharge: Applied Geochemistry, v. 62, p. 84-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.010.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056784","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.04437255859375,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -77.04437255859375,\n 41.605174521299304\n ],\n [\n -75.4595947265625,\n 41.605174521299304\n ],\n [\n -75.4595947265625,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -77.04437255859375,\n 40.36328834091583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562757aae4b0d158f592650b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burrows, Jill E.","contributorId":149323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burrows","given":"Jill","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16160,"text":"Lehigh University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, Stephen C.","contributorId":149324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16160,"text":"Lehigh University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159124,"text":"70159124 - 2015 - Interactive effects of climate change with nutrients, mercury, and freshwater acidification on key taxa in the North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:31:42","indexId":"70159124","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive effects of climate change with nutrients, mercury, and freshwater acidification on key taxa in the North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative region","docAbstract":"The North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative LCC (NA LCC) is a public–private partnership that provides information to support conservation decisions that may be affected by global climate change (GCC) and other threats. The NA LCC region extends from southeast Virginia to the Canadian Maritime Provinces. Within this region, the US National Climate Assessment documented increases in air temperature, total precipitation, frequency of heavy precipitation events, and rising sea level, and predicted more drastic changes. Here, we synthesize literature on the effects of GCC interacting with selected contaminant, nutrient, and environmental processes to adversely affect natural resources within this region. Using a case study approach, we focused on 3 stressors with sufficient NA LCC region-specific information for an informed discussion. We describe GCC interactions with a contaminant (Hg) and 2 complex environmental phenomena—freshwater acidification and eutrophication. We also prepared taxa case studies on GCC- and GCC-contaminant/nutrient/process effects on amphibians and freshwater mussels. Several avian species of high conservation concern have blood Hg concentrations that have been associated with reduced nesting success. Freshwater acidification has adversely affected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the Adirondacks and other areas of the region that are slowly recovering due to decreased emissions of N and sulfur oxides. Eutrophication in many estuaries within the region is projected to increase from greater storm runoff and less denitrification in riparian wetlands. Estuarine hypoxia may be exacerbated by increased stratification. Elevated water temperature favors algal species that produce harmful algal blooms (HABs). In several of the region's estuaries, HABs have been associated with bird die-offs. In the NA LCC region, amphibian populations appear to be declining. Some species may be adversely affected by GCC through higher temperatures and more frequent droughts. GCC may affect freshwater mussel populations via altered stream temperatures and increased sediment loading during heavy storms. Freshwater mussels are sensitive to un-ionized ammonia that more toxic at higher temperatures. We recommend studying the interactive effects of GCC on generation and bioavailability of methylmercury and how GCC-driven shifts in bird species distributions will affect avian exposure to methylmercury. Research is needed on how decreases in acid deposition concurrent with GCC will alter the structure and function of sensitive watersheds and surface waters. Studies are needed to determine how GCC will affect HABs and avian disease, and how more severe and extensive hypoxia will affect fish and shellfish populations. Regarding amphibians, we suggest research on 1) thermal tolerance and moisture requirements of species of concern, 2) effects of multiple stressors (temperature, desiccation, contaminants, nutrients), and 3) approaches to mitigate impacts of increased temperature and seasonal drought. We recommend studies to assess which mussel species and populations are vulnerable and which are resilient to rising stream temperatures, hydrological shifts, and ionic pollutants, all of which are influenced by GCC.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ieam.1612","usgsCitation":"Pinkney, A.E., Driscoll, C.T., Evers, D.C., Hooper, M.J., Horan, J., Jones, J.W., Lazarus, R.S., Marshall, H.G., Milliken, A., Rattner, B.A., Schmerfeld, J.J., and Sparling, D.W., 2015, Interactive effects of climate change with nutrients, mercury, and freshwater acidification on key taxa in the North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative region: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 11, no. 3, p. 355-369, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1612.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"369","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056335","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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