The Nature Futures Framework (NFF) is a heuristic tool for co-creating positive futures for nature and people. It seeks to open up a diversity of futures through mainly three value perspectives on nature – Nature for Nature, Nature for Society, and Nature as Culture. This paper describes how the NFF can be applied in modelling to support decision-making. First, we describe key considerations for the NFF in developing qualitative and quantitative scenarios: i) multiple value perspectives on nature as a state space where pathways improving nature toward a frontier can be represented, ii) mutually reinforcing key feedbacks of social-ecological systems that are important for nature conservation and human wellbeing, iii) indicators of multiple knowledge systems describing the evolution of complex social-ecological dynamics. We then present three approaches to modelling Nature Futures scenarios in the review, screening, and design phases of policy processes. This paper seeks to facilitate the integration of relational values of nature in models and strengthen modelled linkages across biodiversity, nature’s contributions to people, and quality of life.
Trees must allocate resources to core functions like growth, defense, and reproduction. These allocation patterns have profound effects on forest health, yet little is known about how core functions trade off over time, and even less is known about how a changing climate will impact tradeoffs. We conducted a 21-year survey of growth, defense, and reproduction in 80 ponderosa pine individuals spanning eight populations across environmental gradients along the Colorado Front Range, USA. We used linear mixed models to describe tradeoffs among these functions and to characterize variability among and within individuals over time. Growth and defense were lower in years of high cone production, and local drought conditions amplified year-to-year tradeoffs between reproduction and growth, where trees located at sites with hotter and drier climates showed stronger tradeoffs between reproduction and growth. Our results support the environmental stress hypothesis of masting, which predicts that greater interannual variation in tree functions will be associated with more marginal environments, such as those that are prone to drought. With warming temperatures and increased exposure to drought stress, trees will be faced with stronger interannual tradeoffs, which could lead to further decreases in growth and defensive efforts, ultimately increasing risks of mortality.
To study population dynamics, ecologists and wildlife biologists typically use relative abundance data, which may be subject to temporal preferential sampling. Temporal preferential sampling occurs when the times at which observations are made and the latent process of interest are conditionally dependent. To account for preferential sampling, we specify a Bayesian hierarchical abundance model that considers the dependence between observation times and the ecological process of interest. The proposed model improves relative abundance estimates during periods of infrequent observation and accounts for temporal preferential sampling in discrete time. Additionally, our model facilitates posterior inference for population growth rates and mechanistic phenometrics. We apply our model to analyze both simulated data and mosquito count data collected by the National Ecological Observatory Network. In the second case study, we characterize the population growth rate and relative abundance of several mosquito species in the Aedes genus. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line.
We assessed the spatial distribution of 35 elements in aquifer sediments and groundwater of a crude-oil-contaminated aquifer and show evidence of the dissolution of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni) during hydrocarbon oxidation coupled to historic microbial Fe(III)-reduction near the oil. Trace element plumes occur in the crude-oil-contaminated aquifer, where 50% Co, 47% Ni, 24% Ba, and 15% Sr have been mobilized from the sediment near the oil into groundwater, resulting in dissolved masses >33, 18, three, and two times greater than estimated dissolved masses prior to contamination, respectively. Ba2+ and Ni2+ concentrations exceeded the World Health Organization’s drinking-water guidelines of 700 and 20 μg/L, respectively. Sediments attenuate trace element plumes in two geochemically distinct zones, resulting in <0.01% total trace element masses dissolved in groundwater, despite the substantial mobilization near the oil body. Geochemical modeling of the modern Fe(III)-reducing zone suggests trace elements are likely attenuated via coprecipitation with/without sorption on iron carbonate precipitates. In the suboxic transition zone at the leading edge of the plume, Fe(III)-hydroxides sorb Ba2+, Sr2+, Co2+, and Ni2+. This study emphasizes that slow but persistent biogeochemical activity can substantially alter aquifer chemistry over decadal timeframes, a phenomenon we term biogeochemical gradualism.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00387","usgsCitation":"Jones, K., Ziegler, B., Davis, A., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2023, Attenuation of barium, strontium, cobalt, and nickel plumes formed during microbial iron-reduction in a crude-oil-contaminated aquifer: ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, v. 7, no. 7, p. 1322-1336, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00387.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1322","endPage":"1336","ipdsId":"IP-133249","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00387","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":419447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.98779296875,\n 47.416937456635445\n ],\n [\n -94.7900390625,\n 47.416937456635445\n ],\n [\n -94.7900390625,\n 47.537601245618134\n ],\n [\n -94.98779296875,\n 47.537601245618134\n ],\n [\n -94.98779296875,\n 47.416937456635445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Katherine","contributorId":317827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[{"id":69164,"text":"Trinity University, San Antonio Texas; current address University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ziegler, Brady","contributorId":317828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Brady","affiliations":[{"id":69165,"text":"Trinity University, San Antonio Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Audrey","contributorId":317829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Audrey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":69166,"text":"Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70244312,"text":"70244312 - 2023 - Snow surface roughness across spatio-temporal scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-13T12:00:07.84478","indexId":"70244312","displayToPublicDate":"2023-06-09T06:51:58","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snow surface roughness across spatio-temporal scales","docAbstract":"Captive breeding and release programs have been instrumental in preventing the extinction of some wildlife species, but these programs have been less successful for other species. Evaluating initial guidelines for procedures to start a captive breeding and release program for a particular species is an important first step in the process of initiating such a program. The Mohave ground squirrel (Xerospermophilus mohavensis) is a diurnal sciurid endemic to the Mojave Desert in southern California. Ongoing drought conditions in California, impacts of climate change, and reliance of Mohave ground squirrels on sufficient precipitation for successful reproduction appear to have resulted in recent extirpations of the species from part of its restricted range. Thus, designing a captive breeding and release program has been identified as a top priority for this species. The purpose of this report is to review and document the scientific literature on captive breeding and release, and wild-to-wild translocation, programs for other related sciurid species, as well as some non-sciurid rodent species. This review is important because captive breeding has never been attempted for Mohave ground squirrels, so models of similar species can provide good metrics and guidance in program development. We then use this review to identify key questions that underpin effective design of a captive breeding and release, or translocation, program for Mohave ground squirrels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Poessel, S.A., 2023, Captive breeding, husbandry, release, and translocation of sciurids: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5055, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235055.","productDescription":"vi,19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-145465","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417926,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5055/sir20235055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"824 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5055"},{"id":417925,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5055/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":417929,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5055/images"},{"id":417928,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5055/sir20235055.XML"},{"id":417927,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235055/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2023-5055"}],"contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
777 NW 9th Street Suite 400
Corvallis, OR 97330
The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) was used to develop and calibrate a streamflow and water balance model for the Red River Basin as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Census, a research effort focused on developing innovative water accounting tools and conducting assessments of water use and availability at regional and national spatial scales. The PRMS is a deterministic model that simulates the effects of climate, land cover, and water use on watershed hydrology on the basis of physical processes and spatial attributes of the watershed. The model was used to estimate streamflow at daily and monthly temporal scales for the 1980–2016 period and to evaluate the impacts of natural and anthropogenic influences on streamflow and water budget components.
Sixty-three percent of streamgages were calibrated successfully for the monthly time step and 43 percent of streamgages were successfully calibrated for the daily time step. Some of the challenges of calibrating streamgages included estimating low amounts of streamflow in dry areas of the basin and accurately representing watershed characteristics related to evapotranspiration in the basin, among other factors. The model estimated streamflow with some accuracy for 42 percent and 29 percent of the 73 streamgages used to evaluate the model at monthly and daily time steps, respectively. Relative to no-water-use conditions, water use increased streamflow volumes (that is, return flow from reservoir releases) the most on the main stem of the Red River, the North Fork of the Red River, and the Ouachita River. Water withdrawal decreased streamflow volumes most in the Red River near the outlet of the basin and in Caney Creek. Streamflow volumes on the North Fork of the Red River changed most as a result of water use. The Red River Basin PRMS model provided estimates of streamflow that were limited in their accuracy by (1) the availability of accurate water-use data; (2) the coarse resolution of spatial parameters (such as those for impervious area or plant canopy), which leads to the homogenization of physical features in small watersheds in the model domain; and (3) the accuracy of spatial patterns of precipitation distribution across the model domain. Improvements in the quality and quantity of available water-use data and finer resolution spatial parameter and climate data could lead to the development of better-informed models in the future that are capable of making more accurate estimates of streamflow, because they are more representative of physical and hydrologic conditions in the Red River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225105","issn":"2328-0328","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Roland, V.L., II, 2023, Application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) to simulate the streamflows and water balance of the Red River Basin, 1980–2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5105, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225105.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 37 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-091577","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417622,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5105/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500454,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114764.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":417790,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZI5IVX","text":"USGS data release—Model input and output from Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) simulation of the Red River Basin 1981–2016"},{"id":417789,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5105/images/"},{"id":417921,"rank":4,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20225105/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2022-5105 HTML"},{"id":417787,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5105/sir20225105.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2022-5105 XML"},{"id":417786,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5105/sir20225105.pdf","size":"16.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022-5105"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Red River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.48949921760368,\n 36.13692959102481\n ],\n [\n -103.48949921760368,\n 31.242144043970583\n ],\n [\n -89.91622130795812,\n 31.242144043970583\n ],\n [\n -89.91622130795812,\n 36.13692959102481\n ],\n [\n -103.48949921760368,\n 36.13692959102481\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"For more information about this publication, contact
Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/lmg-water/
Human sewage contamination of waterways is a major issue in the United States and throughout the world. Models were developed for estimation of two human-associated fecal-indicator and three general fecal-indicator bacteria (HIB and FIB) using in situ optical field-sensor data for estimating concentrations and loads of HIB and FIB and the extent of sewage contamination in the Menomonee River in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Three commercially available optical sensor platforms were installed into an unfiltered custom-designed flow-through system along with a refrigerated automatic sampler at the Menomonee River sampling location. Ten-minute optical sensor measurements were made from November 2017 to December 2018 along with the collection of 153 flow-weighted discrete water samples (samples) for HIB, FIB, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and optical properties of water. Of those 153 samples, 119 samples were from event-runoff periods, and 34 were collected during low-flow periods. Of the 119 event-runoff samples, 43 samples were from event-runoff combined sewer overflow (CSO) influenced periods (event-CSO periods). Models included optical sensor measurements as explanatory variables with a seasonal variable as an interaction term. In some cases, separate models for event-CSO periods and non CSO-periods generally improved model performance, as compared to using all the data combined for estimates of FIB and HIB. Therefore, the CSO and non-CSO models were used in final estimations for CSO and non-CSO time periods, respectively. Estimated continuous concentrations for all bacteria markers varied over six orders of magnitude during the study period. The greatest concentrations, loads, and proportion of sewage contamination occurred during event-runoff and event-CSO periods. Comparison to water quality standards and microbial risk assessment benchmarks indicated that estimated bacteria levels exceeded recreational water quality criteria between 34 and 96% of the entire monitoring period, highlighting the benefits of high-frequency monitoring compared to traditional grab sample collection. The application of optical sensors for estimation of HIB and FIB markers provided a thorough assessment of bacterial presence and human health risk in the Menomonee River.
Operation of large, multipurpose dams within the Middle Fork Willamette River Basin, Oregon, including the Fall Creek sub-basin, have disrupted natural streamflow and sediment transport regimes and fish passage along the river corridors. Documenting channel morphology, including channel planform, landforms, vegetation cover, and river channel elevations at multiple points in time spanning the 20th and early 21st centuries, is useful for characterizing net changes occurring in response to construction and operation of these dams. The U.S. Geological Survey assessed historical channel changes that occurred within the past century in response to the construction and operation of flood-control dams by evaluating planimetric datasets (from 1926 plan and profile surveys and 1936 and 2016 aerial photographs) and elevation datasets (from 1926 plan and profile surveys and 2015 light detection and ranging [lidar]). This study specifically focuses on the lower 27.3 kilometers (km) of the Middle Fork Willamette River and the lower 11.5 km of Fall Creek, or the reaches downstream from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Dexter Dam and Fall Creek Dam, to the confluence with Coast Fork Willamette River. Altogether, compilation and evaluation of datasets for Fall Creek and the Middle Fork Willamette River downstream from the dams provide a foundation for understanding:
Findings from this study can be used to provide historical and geomorphic context for geomorphic responses to deep reservoir drawdowns on Fall Creek Lake that mobilize reservoir sediment downstream and informing other restoration and river-management activities; this report summarizes one component of a larger research effort to document the magnitude and spatial distribution of geomorphic responses to sediment releases from draining Fall Creek Lake.
As of 2016, the modern Fall Creek flows through a narrow, semi-alluvial channel that efficiently conveys water and sediment at typical streamflows downstream from Fall Creek Dam. This channel planform, including the positions and distributions of bars and secondary water features (side channels, alcoves, and ponds), generally reflects pre-dam conditions in 1936, suggesting relatively modest morphological adjustments resulted from reductions in sediment supply and alterations to peak streamflow after dam construction. The most substantial morphologic change detected over this period was a reduction in unvegetated gravel bars.
As of 2016, the modern Middle Fork Willamette River is a large, gravel-bed river that, despite substantial transformations in channel morphology and reduction in lateral dynamism following the construction of multiple upstream dams, remains a dominantly alluvial river. Prior to dam construction in 1926 and 1936, the reaches of the Middle Fork Willamette River downstream from Dexter Dam were laterally active with multi-thread and single-thread channels flanked by large, shifting gravel bars. Since streamflow regulation and other channel modifications in the mid-20th century, these reaches have become less laterally active and encompass a narrower floodplain corridor as abundant former gravel bars were converted to low-elevation floodplains colonized by young, dense forests. The Middle Fork Willamette River downstream from Dexter Dam has remained mostly vertically stable between 1926 and 2015, although localized segments possibly decreased in elevation as much as 2.3 meters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Keith, M.K., Wallick, J.R., Gordon, G.W., and Bervid, H.D., 2023, Historical changes to channel planform and bed elevations downstream from dams along Fall Creek and Middle Fork Willamette River, Oregon, 1926–2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5048, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235048.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 34 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-136568","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500925,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114772.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":417882,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5048/sir20235048.XML"},{"id":417881,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5048/images"},{"id":417880,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9THIZD6","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release.","linkHelpText":"Fall Creek and Middle Fork Willamette Geomorphic Mapping Geodatabase"},{"id":417877,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5048/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":417878,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5048/sir20235048.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Fall Creek, Middle Fork Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 43.916667\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 43.916667\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
Large volume rhyolitic ignimbrite volcanism is a significant contributor to the evolving crust. The introduction of high-silica material into the upper crust, differentiation within the middle crust, and partial melting in the lower crust contributes to geochemical and isotopic evolution of the crust. Developing accurate models for the genetic evolution of these events is dependent upon geochronology to determine rates of magmatic processes as model constraints. We present new zircon high-precision CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb geochronology and MC-ICPMS Hf isotope geochemistry for four ignimbrites from the nested caldera complex near Socorro, New Mexico (USA), within the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field. In agreement with past 40Ar-39Ar data, interpretations of new U-Pb data indicate eruptions from the Socorro caldera cluster were pulsed. These pulses were intermittently spaced, and a volcanic hiatus following the Hells Mesa Tuff at 33.442 ± 0.015 Ma was interrupted by four successive eruptions, beginning with the La Jencia Tuff at 29.158 ± 0.025 Ma and finishing with the South Canyon Tuff at 28.066 ± 0.021 Ma. Zircon age spectra became more protracted with each eruption, exhibiting age dispersions ranging from 0.347 Myr in the Hells Mesa Tuff to 4.502 Myr in the South Canyon Tuff. The increased dispersion is paralleled by an increase in the proportion of normally discordant grains, indicative of xenocryst incorporation. These protracted age spectra are not necessarily a function of thermal maturation in the middle to upper crust due to long-lived magma chambers. Rather, they are likely the result of increased melting of zircon-bearing lower crust due to deep thermal maturation from repeated juvenile magma injections based on the incorporation of zircon material at the melt source. In contrast, the Hf isotope record is volumetrically dominated by autocrystic zircon domains and becomes more radiogenic through time, recording juvenile replenishment of the lower crust during progressive melting. Together, these data record the protracted evolution of the lower crust sampled by ignimbrites, lend insight into that evolution, and emphasize the need for detailed interpretation of high-precision datasets to advance volcanic models.
Research Highlight: Davis, C. L., Walls, S. C., Barichivich, W. J., Brown, M. E., & Miller, D. A. (2022). Disentangling direct and indirect effects of extreme events on coastal wetland communities. Journal of Animal Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13874. Catastrophic events such as floods, hurricanes, winter storms, droughts and wildfires increasingly touch our lives either directly or indirectly. These events draw our attention to the seriousness of changes in climate not only to human well-being but also to the integrity of ecological systems upon which we depend. Understanding the impacts of extreme events on ecological systems requires the ability to characterize the cascading effects of environmental changes on the environments in which organisms live and the altered biological interactions produced. This scientific ambition represents no small challenge for the study of animal communities, which are typically difficult to census as well as dynamic in time and space. Davis et al. (2022) in a recent study in the Journal of Animal Ecology examined the amphibian and fish communities found in depressional coastal wetlands to better understand how they respond to major rainfall and flooding events. Data from the U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative provided an 8-year record of observations as well as environmental measurements. For this study, the authors integrated techniques for assessing the dynamics of animal populations with a Bayesian implementation of structural equation modelling. Using their integrated methodological approach permitted the authors to reveal the direct and indirect effects of extreme weather events on co-occurring amphibian and fish communities while accounting for observational uncertainty and temporal variation in population-level processes. Their findings indicate that the most prominent effects of flooding on the amphibian community were caused by changes in the fish community that led to increased predation and resource competition. In their conclusions, the authors emphasize the importance of understanding networks of abiotic and biotic effects if we are to predict and mitigate the influence of extreme weather events.
This report addresses system characterization of the BlackSky Global satellites and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
The BlackSky Global satellites are three-band multispectral imagers (red, green, and blue multispectral bands plus a panchromatic band) with a 0.8- to 0.9-meter (m) pixel ground sample distance for the assessed satellites. BlackSky Global satellites 9 and 12–17 were launched in March and December 2021, respectively, into a Sun-synchronous orbit of 430–450 kilometers with an inclination of 42–53 degrees and a swath width of 6 kilometers at nadir. Each Global satellite has an expected lifetime of about 3 years. More information on the BlackSky Global satellites is available in the “Land Remote Sensing Satellites Online Compendium” (https://calval.cr.usgs.gov/apps/compendium) and from BlackSky at Real-Time Space-Based Intelligence (blacksky.com)
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior) and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that the assessed BlackSky Global satellites have an interior geometric performance in the range of −0.011 m (−0.012 pixel) to 0.007 m (0.008 pixel) in easting and −0.018 m (−0.020 pixel) to 0.012 m (0.013 pixel) in northing in band-to-band registration; an exterior geometric performance using ground control points of 8.0-m circular error (95-percent certainty) for orthorectified products and 10.7- to 17.4-m circular error (95-percent certainty) for nonorthorectified products, depending on the geolocation metadata used; and a spatial performance in the range of 1.70 to 2.43 pixels for full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.032 to 0.084.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030O","usgsCitation":"Vrabel, J.C., Anderson, C., Bresnahan, P.C., Christopherson, J.B., Clauson, J., Kim, M., Ryan, R.E., and Sampath, A., 2023, System characterization report on the BlackSky Global multispectral sensor (ver. 1.1, April 2024), chap. O of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030O.","productDescription":"Report: v, 23 p., Version History","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-150816","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428109,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/o/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.33 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":417822,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/o/ofr20211030o.XML"},{"id":417821,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/o/ofr20211030o.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030–O"},{"id":417820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/o/coverthb2.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: June 6, 2023; Version 1.1: April 29, 2024","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Elevation data are critical for assessments of coastal hazards, including sea-level rise (SLR), flooding, storm surge, tsunami impacts, and wave run-up. Previous research has demonstrated that the quality of data used in elevation-based hazard assessments must be well documented and applied properly to assess potential impacts. Global digital elevation models (DEMs), at 30- to 90-meter resolution, have been used extensively to map and characterize coastal environments and the at-risk resources (population and built structures) contained therein. The inherent absolute vertical accuracy of global DEMs precludes their usefulness for assessing exposure to fine increments (< 1 meter) of coastal inundation at high confidence levels. However, global DEMs are highly suitable for delineation of the global low elevation coastal zone (LECZ) (elevation < 10 meters). An accuracy evaluation of global DEMs over the United States has been conducted to quantify their performance in correctly mapping the LECZ, namely in terms of vertical uncertainty and corresponding confidence levels for several representations of the coastal zone. The evaluation approach includes comparison of the DEMs with an extensive set of high-accuracy geodetic control points as the independent reference data covering a variety of coastal relief settings. The 1-arc-second (30-meter) global DEMs evaluated include ALOS World 3D, ASTER GDEM, Copernicus, FABDEM, and NASADEM, and the 3-arc-second (90-meter) global DEMs include CoastalDEM, Copernicus, MERIT, and TanDEM-X. Additionally, lower resolution (1-kilometer) global DEMs were also assessed, namely the Global Lidar Lowland DTM (derived from ICESat-2) and the GEDI 1-km DEM. The results of the accuracy characterization show that FABDEM performs the best (minimal vertical bias and lowest vertical root mean square error) for high-confidence mapping of the LECZ. Among 90-m DEMs, CoastalDEM performs best, although the differences across datasets are minimal. The results also demonstrate the importance of rigorously accounting for elevation uncertainty when applying global DEMs for coastal mapping applications.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphometry 2023 proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"Geomorphometry 2023","conferenceDate":"July 10-14, 2023","conferenceLocation":"Iasi, Romania","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Geomorphometry","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.8011577","usgsCitation":"Gesch, D.B., 2023, Assessing global elevation models for mapping the low elevation coastal zone, in Geomorphometry 2023 proceedings, Iasi, Romania, July 10-14, 2023, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011577.","productDescription":"4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152258","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":878927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70244187,"text":"70244187 - 2023 - Combining field observations and high-resolution numerical modeling to demonstrate the effect of coral reef roughness on turbulence and its implications for reef restoration design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-07T14:17:43.502323","indexId":"70244187","displayToPublicDate":"2023-06-06T09:13:59","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining field observations and high-resolution numerical modeling to demonstrate the effect of coral reef roughness on turbulence and its implications for reef restoration design","docAbstract":"Coral reefs are effective natural barriers that protect adjacent coastal communities from hazards such as erosion and storm-induced flooding. However, the degradation of coral reefs compromises their ability to protect against these hazards, making degraded reefs a target for restoration. There have been limited field and numerical modeling studies conducted to understand how an increase in coral reef roughness, as would occur due to restoration, can affect wave energy dissipation for a range of real-world wave and water level conditions. To address this knowledge gap, field measurements were collected over adjacent low-roughness and high-roughness reefs off Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi, USA, subjected to the same oceanographic forcing. Those field data were then used to calibrate and validate OpenFOAM computational fluid dynamics models of the reef. These calibrated models were then used to explore energy dissipation for a range of wave conditions based on measurements from a suite of existing datasets and values from the literature. In general, wave dissipation scales with incident wave conditions, where greater dissipation occurred for shallow depths and shorter-period waves. This tendency for short-period waves to be more readily attenuated is supported by wave energy dissipation factors in the range of 0.1–5, which decline with increasing wave period. Near-bed turbulent kinetic energy dissipation also scales with incident wave conditions, where the greatest difference in dissipation between low and high relief cases occurs for short wave periods. Turbulence becomes less affected by bottom roughness as the wave period increases. Based on this study, wave attenuation and turbulent energy dissipation could be enhanced by 0.5–1 order of magnitude (45% per across-shore meter) if the seabed roughness at the field site were increased by 13%, an achievable goal in coral reef restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2023.104331","usgsCitation":"Norris, B.K., Storlazzi, C.D., Pomeroy, A.W., Rosenberger, K.J., Logan, J.B., and Cheriton, O.M., 2023, Combining field observations and high-resolution numerical modeling to demonstrate the effect of coral reef roughness on turbulence and its implications for reef restoration design: Coastal Engineering, v. 184, 104331, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2023.104331.","productDescription":"104331, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-137643","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443176,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2023.104331","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P933TO2Q","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"OpenFOAM models of low- and high-relief sites from the coral reef flat off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii"},{"id":435294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HNLI7Y","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"3D bathymetric surfaces of low- and high-relief sites from the coral reef flat off Waiakane, Molokai"},{"id":435293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XZT1FK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Aerial imagery and structure-from-motion-derived shallow water bathymetry from a UAS survey of the coral reef off Waiakane, Molokai, Hawaii, June 2018"},{"id":417912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"184","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, Benjamin K 0000-0002-9133-5935","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9133-5935","contributorId":306089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":874818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":213610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":874819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pomeroy, Andrew W. M.","contributorId":304433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pomeroy","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W. M.","affiliations":[{"id":13336,"text":"University of Melbourne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":874820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J. 0000-0002-5185-5776 krosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5185-5776","contributorId":140453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt","email":"krosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":874821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B. 0000-0002-6191-4119 jlogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6191-4119","contributorId":2335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua","email":"jlogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":874822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cheriton, Olivia M. 0000-0003-3011-9136","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-9136","contributorId":204459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheriton","given":"Olivia","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":874823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70248836,"text":"70248836 - 2023 - Progress in reducing nutrient and sediment loads to Chesapeake Bay: Three decades of monitoring data and implications for restoring complex ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-22T12:09:23.21022","indexId":"70248836","displayToPublicDate":"2023-06-06T07:06:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5067,"text":"WIREs Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progress in reducing nutrient and sediment loads to Chesapeake Bay: Three decades of monitoring data and implications for restoring complex ecosystems","docAbstract":"For over three decades, Chesapeake Bay (USA) has been the focal point of a coordinated restoration strategy implemented through a partnership of governmental and nongovernmental entities, which has been a classical model for coastal restoration worldwide. This synthesis aims to provide resource managers and estuarine scientists with a clearer perspective of the magnitude of changes in water quality within the Bay watershed, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sediment for the River Input Monitoring (RIM) watershed and the unmonitored below-RIM watershed. The flow-normalized N load from the RIM watershed has declined in the period of 1985–2017, but P and sediment loads have lacked progress. Reductions of riverine N are largely driven by reductions of point sources and atmospheric deposition. Future reductions will require significant progress in managing agricultural nonpoint sources. The below-RIM watershed, which comprises a disproportionately high fraction of inputs to the Bay, has shown long-term declines in major sources, including point sources (N and P), atmospheric deposition (N), manure (N and P) and fertilizer (P), based on a combination of monitoring and modeling assessments. To date, the Bay cleanup efforts have achieved some progress toward reducing nutrients from the watershed, which have resulted in improving water quality in the estuary. However, further reductions are critical to achieve the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load goals, and emerging challenges due to Conowingo Reservoir, legacy nutrients, climate change, and population growth should be considered. Continued monitoring, modeling, and assessment are critically important for informing the restoration of this complex ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1671","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Q., Blomquist, J.D., Fanelli, R., Keisman, J.L., Moyer, D.L., and Langland, M.J., 2023, Progress in reducing nutrient and sediment loads to Chesapeake Bay: Three decades of monitoring data and implications for restoring complex ecosystems: WIREs Water, v. 15, no. 5, e1671, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1671.","productDescription":"e1671, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-134733","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1671","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay 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0000-0002-0140-6534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-6534","contributorId":215461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomquist","given":"Joel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fanelli, Rosemary M. 0000-0002-0874-1925","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0874-1925","contributorId":206608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanelli","given":"Rosemary M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keisman, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-6808-9193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-9193","contributorId":274827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keisman","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moyer, Douglas L. 0000-0001-6330-478X dlmoyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-478X","contributorId":174389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Douglas","email":"dlmoyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Langland, Michael J. 0000-0002-8350-8779","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-8779","contributorId":330001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langland","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12443,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70244153,"text":"ofr20231028 - 2023 - Analysis of aquifer framework and properties, North Magee Street well field, Southampton, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-11T21:05:56.661721","indexId":"ofr20231028","displayToPublicDate":"2023-06-05T16:25:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-1028","displayTitle":"Analysis of Aquifer Framework and Properties, North Magee Street Well Field, Southampton, New York","title":"Analysis of aquifer framework and properties, North Magee Street well field, Southampton, New York","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Suffolk County Water Authority, evaluated the groundwater-flow characteristics and aquifer properties of the North Magee Street well field north of the village of Southampton, New York. Characteristics and properties included groundwater-flow direction, potential groundwater-contributing areas to the well field production wells, and aquifer transmissivity and storage. The groundwater flow and aquifer properties were also evaluated to allow Suffolk County Water Authority to better assess the potential source of dissolved halocarbons (refrigerants, such as chlorofluorocarbons).
The well field production wells are screened in the upper glacial aquifer and an observation well is screened in the Magothy aquifer. Based on depth and available logs, groundwater from wells screened in the upper glacial aquifer was classified as under water-table (unconfined) conditions, and groundwater from wells screened in the Magothy aquifer was classified as being under semiconfined conditions.
Groundwater flows radially to the well field during production and in a northwesterly direction under the effect of the regional flow regime. A previously published particle tracking analysis identified the following recharge contributing areas nearby the well field: (1) contributing areas to surface-water bodies of the Peconic Estuary, (2) contributing areas to surface-water bodies of the South Shore Estuary Reserve, (3) a contributing area to the Atlantic Ocean, and (4) a contributing area to another Suffolk County Water Authority well field. Five other pumping well contributing areas were identified within the study area, including those of various wells pumped for golf-course irrigation.
Analysis of drawdown and recovery data collected during the multiple-well aquifer test, through the application of a Neuman analytical model, provided estimates of upper glacial aquifer characteristics and properties. Inclusion of lateral aquifer boundaries was not necessary for the analysis to result in satisfactory matches with the observed water-level responses. Aquifer transmissivity was estimated to be 170,000 feet squared per day. Storativity was estimated to be 0.02 (dimensionless), and specific yield was estimated to be 0.08 (dimensionless), consistent with the inferred degree of confinement and well field characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Suffolk County Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Misut, P.E., 2023, Analysis of aquifer framework and properties, North Magee Street well field, Southampton, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1028, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231028.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-124210","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499775,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114761.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":417746,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the nation"},{"id":417745,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1028/images/"},{"id":417744,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1028/ofr20231028.XML"},{"id":417743,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231028/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1028"},{"id":417742,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1028/ofr20231028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1028"},{"id":417741,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1028/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Southampton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.43897301957882,\n 40.91839299249426\n ],\n [\n -72.43897301957882,\n 40.87699855750361\n ],\n [\n -72.37328061868494,\n 40.87699855750361\n ],\n [\n -72.37328061868494,\n 40.91839299249426\n ],\n [\n -72.43897301957882,\n 40.91839299249426\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
Biogeographic history can set initial conditions for vegetation community assemblages that determine their climate responses at broad extents that land surface models attempt to forecast. Numerous studies have indicated that evolutionarily conserved biochemical, structural, and other functional attributes of plant species are captured in visible-to-short wavelength infrared, 400 to 2,500 nm, reflectance properties of vegetation. Here, we present a remotely sensed phylogenetic clustering and an evolutionary framework to accommodate spectra, distributions, and traits. Spectral properties evolutionarily conserved in plants provide the opportunity to spatially aggregate species into lineages (interpreted as “lineage functional types” or LFT) with improved classification accuracy. In this study, we use Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer data from the 2013 Hyperspectral Infrared Imager campaign over the southern Sierra Nevada, California flight box, to investigate the potential for incorporating evolutionary thinking into landcover classification. We link the airborne hyperspectral data with vegetation plot data from 1372 surveys and a phylogeny representing 1,572 species. Despite temporal and spatial differences in our training data, we classified plant lineages with moderate reliability (Kappa = 0.76) and overall classification accuracy of 80.9%. We present an assessment of classification error and detail study limitations to facilitate future LFT development. This work demonstrates that lineage-based methods may be a promising way to leverage the new-generation high-resolution and high return-interval hyperspectral data planned for the forthcoming satellite missions with sparsely sampled existing ground-based ecological data.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2215533120","usgsCitation":"Griffith, D.M., Byrd, K.B., Anderegg, L., Allen, E., Gatziolis, D., Roberts, D.A., Yacoub, R., and Nemani, R., 2023, Capturing patterns of evolutionary relatedness with reflectance spectra to model and monitor biodiversity: Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences, v. 120, no. 24, e2215533120, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2215533120.","productDescription":"e2215533120, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133705","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443193,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/57x530fd","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":417780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffith, Daniel Mark 0000-0001-7463-4004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7463-4004","contributorId":271033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrd, Kristin B. 0000-0002-5725-7486 kbyrd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-7486","contributorId":3814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"Kristin","email":"kbyrd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderegg, Lee","contributorId":305688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderegg","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66268,"text":"Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Elijah","contributorId":305689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Elijah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65456,"text":"Shonto Chapter, Diné (Navajo) Nation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gatziolis, Demetrios","contributorId":305690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gatziolis","given":"Demetrios","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66269,"text":"USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, Portland, OR 97205","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, Dar A.","contributorId":100503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Dar","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12804,"text":"Univ. of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yacoub, Rosie","contributorId":305691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yacoub","given":"Rosie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66271,"text":"California Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Vegetation Classification and Mapping Program, Sacramento, CA 95811","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nemani, Ramakrishna","contributorId":305692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nemani","given":"Ramakrishna","affiliations":[{"id":66273,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70249738,"text":"70249738 - 2023 - Geographic isolation reduces genetic diversity of a wide-ranging terrestrial vertebrate, Canis lupus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T12:11:35.260827","indexId":"70249738","displayToPublicDate":"2023-06-04T07:05:59","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic isolation reduces genetic diversity of a wide-ranging terrestrial vertebrate, Canis lupus","docAbstract":"Genetic diversity is theorized to decrease in populations closer to a species' range edge, where habitat may be suboptimal. Generalist species capable of long-range dispersal may maintain sufficient gene flow to counteract this, though the presence of significant barriers to dispersal (e.g., large water bodies, human-dominated landscapes) may still lead to, and exacerbate, the edge effect. We used microsatellite data for 2421 gray wolves (Canis lupus) from 24 subpopulations (groups) to model how allelic richness and expected heterozygosity varied with mainland–island position and two measures of range edge (latitude and distance from range center) across >7.3 million km2 of northern North America. We expected low genetic diversity both at high latitudes, due to harsh environmental conditions, and on islands, but no change in diversity with distance to the range center due to the species' exceptional dispersal ability and favorable conditions in far eastern and western habitats. We found that allelic richness and expected heterozygosity of island groups were measurably less than that of mainland groups, and that these differences increased with the island's distance to the species' range center in the study area. Our results demonstrate how multiple axes of geographic isolation (distance from range center and island habitation) can act synergistically to erode the genetic diversity of wide-ranging terrestrial vertebrate populations despite the counteracting influence of long-range dispersal ability. These findings emphasize how geographic isolation is a potential threat to the genetic diversity and viability of terrestrial vertebrate populations even among species capable of long-range dispersal.
The establishment of invasive dreissenid mussels Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis in the Laurentian Great Lakes has affected multiple aspects of the ecosystem. However, the effects of their larvae (veligers) on lower trophic levels are relatively unknown. Previous research has documented that some larval fishes consume veligers, but it is unclear if they select for veligers. To assess the role of veligers in larval fish diets in Lake Huron, we examined the diets of larval burbot Lota lota, rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, and Coregonus spp., mainly bloater Coregonus hoyi, sampled in July of 2017. Preference for available zooplankton prey was evaluated using Vanderploeg and Scavia’s E*. Results indicated that veligers were on average avoided by large larval burbot, rainbow smelt, and coregonines but were sometimes preferred by small (< 7 mm) and medium-sized (7–10 mm) larval burbot. A mixed model analyzing factors contributing to veliger preference by larval burbot indicated that greater environmental zooplankton prey size is associated with more positive preference for veligers. Thus, veligers may be important for gape-limited larval fish. We also found that, on average, larval burbot and coregonines consumed larger veligers than those sampled in the environment. Overall, consideration of larval fishes’ ability to exploit veligers could help managers to understand the role of dreissenid mussels in Great Lakes food webs.
The Great Dismal Swamp wetland, spanning >400 km2 along the Virginia and North Carolina border, was shaped by a complex combination of geomorphic, climatic, and anthropogenic forcings during the last 14,000 years. Pollen, macrofossils, charcoal, and physical properties from sediment cores at seven sites provide a detailed record of the spatial heterogeneity of the wetland and the roles played by natural hydrologic variability, wildfire, and human modification of drainage in shaping vegetation and habitats. Cold-temperate forests occupied regional uplands from at least 13.5–10.3 cal ka BP. Marshes dominated by grasses and other herbaceous taxa began developing along low-elevation streams as early as 10.3 cal ka BP, resulting in accumulation of organic silts. Long-hydroperiod, peat accumulating marshes, with abundant floating aquatic plants, developed as early as 9.6 cal ka BP, as rapid rates of sea-level rise elevated the water table and facilitated wetland development and peat accumulation along stream courses. By the mid-Holocene (c. 7–6.5 cal ka BP), when local sea-level rise began slowing and reached about 12–15 m below present, shorter hydroperiod, peat-accumulating marshes dominated the landscape, with increased wildfire activity. Great Dismal Swamp vegetation shifted from marshes to peat-accumulating forested wetlands by c. 3.7 cal ka BP; these were dominated by varying combinations of Nyssa (tupelo), Taxodium (cypress), and Chamaecyparis thyoides (Atlantic white cedar). Wildfires were infrequent during this time, and the forested wetlands persisted, with minor compositional changes related to climate-driven fluctuations in stream flow, until colonial ditching and logging began in the swamp during the late 18th century. These activities decreased cypress and cedar populations, and, by the mid-20th century, expanded ditching resulted in even drier conditions and expansion of maple-gum (dominated by Acer and Liquidambar), and pine-pocosin (dominated by Pinus) forests. The distribution of these forests differs from that of the late Holocene and represents a fundamental shift in hydrology, peat structure, vegetation, and fire regime due to landscape alterations of the last few centuries.
Explosive eruptions expel volcanic gases and particles at high pressures and velocities. Within this multiphase fluid, small ash particles affect the flow dynamics, impacting mixing, entrainment, turbulence, and aggregation. To examine the role of turbulent particle behavior, we conducted an analogue experiment using a particle-laden jet. We used compressed air as the carrier fluid, considering turbulent conditions at Reynolds numbers from approximately 5,000 to 20,000. Two different particles were examined: 14-μm diameter solid nickel spheres and 13-μm diameter hollow glass spheres. These resulted in Stokes numbers between 1 and 35 based on the convective scale. The particle mass percentage in the mixture is varied from 0.3% to more than 20%. Based on a 1-D volcanic plume model, these Stokes numbers and mass loadings corresponded to millimeter-scale particle diameters at heights of 4–8 km above the vent during large, sustained eruptions. Through particle image velocimetry, we measured the mean flow behavior and the turbulence statistics in the near-exit region, primarily focusing on the dispersed phase. We show that the flow behavior is dominated by the particle inertia, with high Stokes numbers reducing the entrainment by more than 40%. When applied to volcanic plumes, these results suggest that high-density particles can greatly increase the probability of column collapse.
Between 2015 and 2019, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) studied concerns related to projected increases in demand for groundwater, in collaboration with municipal water providers and county managers within the study area, Aiken County and part of Lexington County, South Carolina. A three-dimensional (3D), numerical groundwater-flow model of the Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) aquifers, confining units, and the underlying bedrock aquifer in the study area was constructed using the USGS software program MODFLOW–NWT in conjunction with a groundwater-recharge model using the Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model. Water budgets for dry (2012) and wet (2015) year conditions, future (2017–2065) groundwater-demand scenarios based on general circulation models (GCMs) of future climates, and future agricultural irrigation demands were simulated. Overall, the GCMs projected increased recharge rates. Simulation of projected increased demand on groundwater by agriculture irrigation indicated little drawdown in the study area.
Groundwater-quality samples were collected from representative public-supply wells (PSWs) and analyzed in the field and laboratory. In general, the groundwater in the ACP aquifers is acidic, dilute, and oxic. Conversely, groundwater in the bedrock aquifer was of neutral pH, mineralized, and anoxic. Total-radium concentrations across all PSWs ranged from 0.55 to 6.69 picocuries per liter (pCi/L). Groundwater from some PSWs contained detectable but low concentrations of commonly and historically used volatile organic compounds, such as chloroform, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-1,2-DCE), 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA), and 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE). The stable isotopes of groundwater sampled from all wells indicate the possibility that groundwater from the bedrock aquifer may discharge into the ACP. Finally, groundwater age-dating results and MODPATH simulations indicate recharge between the 1950s and 1980s for PSWs in the ACP and recharge between the 1940s and 1950s for PSWs in bedrock. Maximum groundwater-flow pathways ranged from 270 to 7,470 feet, with the longest simulated-flow pathway for wells pumped at higher rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225036","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Aiken County, City of Aiken, Breezy Hill Water and Sewer Company, Inc., Gilbert-Summit Rural Water District, and Montmorenci-Couchton Water & Sewer District, Inc.","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Campbell, B.G., and Landmeyer, J.E., 2023, Groundwater availability, geochemistry, and flow pathways to public-supply wells in the Atlantic Coastal Plain and bedrock aquifers, Aiken County and part of Lexington County, South Carolina, 2015–2019: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5036, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225036.","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 117 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"117","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-111003","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093