{"pageNumber":"1190","pageRowStart":"29725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70244047,"text":"70244047 - 1999 - Appendix 1: Analytical methods and errors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-31T14:43:22.95092","indexId":"70244047","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-08T09:38:08","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1790,"text":"Geological Society, London, Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appendix 1: Analytical methods and errors","docAbstract":"<div>Thirty eight K-Ar and eight 40Ar/39Ar high-precision age determinations were made at the US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, on a total of 22 rocks from the entire volcanic field. Duplicate or triplicate determinations were carried out on 14 samples in order to improve analytical precision. All ages were measured on whole-rock samples selected after thin-section examination. Most of the samples meet the usual criteria for whole-rock dating (Mankinen © Dal-rymple 1972), but some contain minor amounts of glass and a few samples are very glassy. The samples selected for dating were crushed to 0.5-lmm (-18 to +35 mesh). For K-Ar dating aliquots weighing c. 25 g were used for the Ar measurements. A 10 g aliquot was ground to -200 mesh and splits of the powder were used for K20 measurements, which were made in duplicate on each of two separate splits of sample powder by flame photometry after lithium metaborate fusion and dissolution (Ingamells 1970). Ar analyses were by isotope-dilution mass spectrometry using a high-purity (&gt;99.9%) 38Ar tracer and techniques and equipment described previously (Dalrymple &amp; Lanphere 1969). All samples for Ar extraction were baked overnight at 280°C. Mass analyses were done on a 22.68 cm radius, multiple-collector mass spectrometer with a nominal 90° sector magnet, using automated data collection (Stacey etal 1981).</div><div><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div>Errors given for the calculated K-Ar ages of individual measurements are estimates of the standard deviation of analytical precision. The errors were calculated using formulae derived by Cox &amp; Dalrymple (1967) and Dalrymple &amp; Lanphere (1969).</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.MEM.1999.019.01.09","usgsCitation":"Druitt, T.H., Edwards, L., Mellors, R.M., Pyle, D.M., Sparks, R., Lanphere, M.A., Davies, M., and Barreirio, B., 1999, Appendix 1: Analytical methods and errors: Geological Society, London, Memoirs, v. 19, no. 1, p. 134-137, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.MEM.1999.019.01.09.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"137","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Druitt, T. H.","contributorId":60662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druitt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":874259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, L.","contributorId":91976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":874260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mellors, R. M.","contributorId":30542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellors","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":874261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pyle, D. M.","contributorId":172256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pyle","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":874262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sparks, R.S.J.","contributorId":149550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"R.S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":874263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":874264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davies, M.","contributorId":54726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":874265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barreirio, B.","contributorId":11113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barreirio","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":874266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70260453,"text":"70260453 - 1999 - Evaluation of weights of evidence to predict epithermal-gold deposits in the Great Basin of the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-01T16:37:47.092931","indexId":"70260453","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T11:32:32","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of weights of evidence to predict epithermal-gold deposits in the Great Basin of the western United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The weights-of-evidence method provides a simple approach to the integration of diverse geologic information. The application addressed is to construct a model that predicts the locations of epithermal-gold mineral deposits in the Great Basin of the western United States. Weights of evidence is a data-driven method requiring known deposits and occurrences that are used as training sites in the evaluated area. Four hundred and fifteen known hot spring gold–silver, Comstock vein, hot spring mercury, epithermal manganese, and volcanogenic uranium deposits and occurrences in Nevada were used to define an area of 327.4 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;as training sites to develop the model. The model consists of nine weighted-map patterns that are combined to produce a favorability map predicting the distribution of epithermal-gold deposits. Using a measure of the association of training sites with predictor features (or patterns), the patterns can be ranked from best to worst predictors. Based on proximity analysis, the strongest predictor is the area within 8 km of volcanic rocks younger than 43 Ma. Being close to volcanic rocks is not highly weighted, but being far from volcanic rocks causes a strong negative weight. These weights suggest that proximity to volcanic rocks define where deposits do not occur. The second best pattern is the area within 1 km of hydrothermally altered areas. The next best pattern is the area within 1 km of known placer-gold sites. The proximity analysis for gold placers weights this pattern as useful when close to known placer sites, but unimportant where placers do not exist. The remaining patterns are significantly weaker predictors. In order of decreasing correlation, they are: proximity to volcanic vents, proximity to east-west to northwest faults, elevated airborne radiometric uranium, proximity to northwest to west and north-northwest linear features, elevated aeromagnetics, and anomalous geochemistry. This ordering of the patterns is a function of the quality, applicability, and use of the data. The nine-pattern favorability map can be evaluated by comparison with the USGS National Assessment for hot spring gold–silver deposits. The Spearman's ranked correlation coefficient between the favorability and the National Assessment permissive tracts is 0.5. Tabulations of the areas of agreement and disagreement between the two maps show 74% agreement for the Great Basin. The posterior probabilities for 51 significant deposits in the Great Basin, both used and not used in the model, show the following: 26 classified as favorable; 25 classified as permissive; and 1, Florida Canyon, classified as nonpermissive.The Florida Canyon deposit has a low favorability because there are no volcanic rocks near the deposit on the Nevada geologic map used. The largest areas of disagreement are caused by the USGS National Assessment team concluding that volcanic rocks older than 27 Ma in Nevada are not permissive, which was not assumed in this model. The weights-of-evidence model is evaluated as reasonable and delineates permissive areas for epithermal deposits comparable to expert's delineation. The weights-of-evidence model has the additional characteristics that it is well defined, reproducible, objective, and provides a quantitative measure of confidence.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1023/A:1021602316101","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., 1999, Evaluation of weights of evidence to predict epithermal-gold deposits in the Great Basin of the western United States: Natural Resources Research, v. 8, p. 257-276, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021602316101.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"276","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":463551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.17371584886055,\n              36.273382491792404\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.04169884465318,\n              36.75188401988002\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.03910682052589,\n              42.01392037172616\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.09328767290734,\n              41.95091532528593\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.3038484479028,\n              39.282649293195846\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.17371584886055,\n              36.273382491792404\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, Gary L.","contributorId":48162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":917725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70197197,"text":"70197197 - 1999 - A comparison of the weights-of-evidence method and probabilistic neural networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T16:45:10","indexId":"70197197","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of the weights-of-evidence method and probabilistic neural networks","docAbstract":"<p><span>The need to integrate large quantities of digital geoscience information to classify locations as mineral deposits or nondeposits has been met by the weights-of-evidence method in many situations. Widespread selection of this method may be more the result of its ease of use and interpretation rather than comparisons with alternative methods. A comparison of the weights-of-evidence method to probabilistic neural networks is performed here with data from Chisel Lake-Andeson Lake, Manitoba, Canada. Each method is designed to estimate the probability of belonging to learned classes where the estimated probabilities are used to classify the unknowns. Using these data, significantly lower classification error rates were observed for the neural network, not only when test and training data were the same (0.02 versus 23%), but also when validation data, not used in any training, were used to test the efficiency of classification (0.7 versus 17%). Despite these data containing too few deposits, these tests of this set of data demonstrate the neural network's ability at making unbiased probability estimates and lower error rates when measured by number of polygons or by the area of land misclassified. For both methods, independent validation tests are required to ensure that estimates are representative of real-world results. Results from the weights-of-evidence method demonstrate a strong bias where most errors are barren areas misclassified as deposits. The weights-of-evidence method is based on Bayes rule, which requires independent variables in order to make unbiased estimates. The chi-square test for independence indicates no significant correlations among the variables in the Chisel Lake–Andeson Lake data. However, the expected number of deposits test clearly demonstrates that these data violate the independence assumption. Other, independent simulations with three variables show that using variables with correlations of 1.0 can double the expected number of deposits as can correlations of −1.0. Studies done in the 1970s on methods that use Bayes rule show that moderate correlations among attributes seriously affect estimates and even small correlations lead to increases in misclassifications. Adverse effects have been observed with small to moderate correlations when only six to eight variables were used. Consistent evidence of upward biased probability estimates from multivariate methods founded on Bayes rule must be of considerable concern to institutions and governmental agencies where unbiased estimates are required. In addition to increasing the misclassification rate, biased probability estimates make classification into deposit and nondeposit classes an arbitrary subjective decision. The probabilistic neural network has no problem dealing with correlated variables—its performance depends strongly on having a thoroughly representative training set. Probabilistic neural networks or logistic regression should receive serious consideration where unbiased estimates are required. The weights-of-evidence method would serve to estimate thresholds between anomalies and background and for exploratory data analysis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1021606417010","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., and Kouda, R., 1999, A comparison of the weights-of-evidence method and probabilistic neural networks: Natural Resources Research, v. 8, no. 4, p. 287-298, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021606417010.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"298","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15919ae4b092d9651e21f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouda, Ryoichi","contributorId":198036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kouda","given":"Ryoichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185680,"text":"70185680 - 1999 - Hydrolysis of tert-butyl formate: Kinetics, products, and implications for the environmental impact of methyl tert-butyl ether","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:33:01","indexId":"70185680","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrolysis of tert-butyl formate: Kinetics, products, and implications for the environmental impact of methyl tert-butyl ether","docAbstract":"<p><span>Asessing the environmental fate of methyl </span><i>tert</i><span>-butyl ether (MTBE) has become a subject of renewed interest because of the large quantities of this compound that are being used as an oxygenated additive in gasoline. Various studies on the fate of MTBE have shown that it can be degraded to </span><i>tert</i><span>-butyl formate (TBF), particularly in the atmosphere. Although it is generally recognized that TBF is subject to hydrolysis, the kinetics and products of this reaction under environmentally relevant conditions have not been described previously. In this study, we determined the kinetics of TBF hydrolysis as a function of pH and temperature. Over the pH range of 5 to 7, the neutral hydrolysis pathway predominates, with </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">N</span></sub><span> = (1.0 ± 0.2) × 10</span><sup>−6</sup><span>/s. Outside this range, strong pH effects were observed because of acidic and basic hydrolyses, from which we determined that </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">A</span></sub><span> = (2.7 ± 0.5) × 10</span><sup>−3</sup><span>/(M·s) and </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">B</span></sub><span> = 1.7 ± 0.3/(M·s). Buffered and unbuffered systems gave the same hydrolysis rates for a given pH, indicating that buffer catalysis was not significant under the conditions tested. The activation energies corresponding to </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">N</span></sub><span>, </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">A</span></sub><span>, and </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">B</span></sub><span>were determined to be 78 ± 5, 59 ± 4, and 88 ±11 kJ/mol, respectively. In all experiments, </span><i>tert</i><span>-butyl alcohol was found at concentrations corresponding to stoichiometric formation from TBF. Based on our kinetics data, the expected half-life for hydrolysis of TBF at pH = 2 and 4°C (as per some standard preservation protocols for water sampling) is 6 h. At neutral pH and 22°C, the estimated half-life is 5 d, and at pH = 11 and 22°C, the value is only 8 min.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620181220","usgsCitation":"Church, C.D., Pankow, J.F., and Tratnyek, P.G., 1999, Hydrolysis of tert-butyl formate: Kinetics, products, and implications for the environmental impact of methyl tert-butyl ether: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 12, p. 2789-2796, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620181220.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"2789","endPage":"2796","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253ae4b0543bf7fda85f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, Clinton D.","contributorId":8189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pankow, James F.","contributorId":72253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tratnyek, Paul G.","contributorId":189883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tratnyek","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24919,"text":"ofr99316 - 1999 - An interpretation of the aeromagnetic and gravity data and derivative maps of the Craig and Dixon Entrance 1-degree by 3-degree quadrangles and the western edges of the Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles, Southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"ofr99316","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-316","title":"An interpretation of the aeromagnetic and gravity data and derivative maps of the Craig and Dixon Entrance 1-degree by 3-degree quadrangles and the western edges of the Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles, Southeastern Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99316","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wynn, J.C., Kucks, R., and Grybeck, D.J., 1999, An interpretation of the aeromagnetic and gravity data and derivative maps of the Craig and Dixon Entrance 1-degree by 3-degree quadrangles and the western edges of the Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles, Southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-316, 1 computer laser disk., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99316.","productDescription":"1 computer laser disk.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112022,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/12190","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynn, J. C.","contributorId":38544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kucks, R.P.","contributorId":53758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grybeck, D. J.","contributorId":47367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grybeck","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24676,"text":"ofr99338 - 1999 - Quantitative paleoclimatic reconstructions from late Pleistocene plant macrofossils of the Yucca Mountain region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T14:53:41","indexId":"ofr99338","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-338","title":"Quantitative paleoclimatic reconstructions from late Pleistocene plant macrofossils of the Yucca Mountain region","docAbstract":"<p>Plant macrofossil assemblages recovered from packrat <i>(Neotoma)</i> middens of late Pleistocene age from the present-day Mojave Desert of southern Nevada contain plant species that today live at higher elevations and/or farther north than the midden collection sites. Previous reconstructions of late Pleistocene climates from packrat midden assemblages in this region (Spaulding, 1985) assessed the minimum climatic differences from today by estimating the present-day climatic differences between the fossil midden sites and the nearest current occurrences of key plant species recovered from the Pleistocene middens. From this approach Spaulding (1985) concluded that although late Pleistocene temperatures were considerably below those of today, only modest increases in precipitation (relative to today) were necessary for these plant species to survive in the current Mojave Desert during the late Pleistocene.</p><p>Spaulding's approach provided \"state-of-the-art\" results from an intensive careful examination of the best data available at the time. However, data and techniques developed since the mid-1980s suggest that there are two possible short-comings to this approach: 1) the use of lowest elevational and (frequently) most southerly occurrences of key plant species results in <u>minimal</u> estimates of the differences between Pleistocene and present-day climates, and 2) the instrumental climate data set available to Spaulding was limited in duration, non-standard in its method of collection, and indicated a modern climate wetter than the long-term historic mean, which resulted in relatively small apparent differences between late Pleistocene and present-day mean annual precipitation levels. In this report we use a more standard (close to the long-term mean) modern calibration period and a modern plant distribution data set that permits us to identify modern analogues for the Pleistocene vegetation. This reexamination permits a more robust reconstruction of the past climate, and results in estimates of mean annual temperature for the glacial maximum at Yucca Mountain that are 1.0° to 1.4° C warmer than those of Spaulding, and estimates of mean annual precipitation that are 60 mm or more higher than his.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99338","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R., Anderson, K.H., and Bartlein, P., 1999, Quantitative paleoclimatic reconstructions from late Pleistocene plant macrofossils of the Yucca Mountain region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-338, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99338.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1923,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0338/p1.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53699,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0338/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0338/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a86e4b07f02db64db54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, R.S.","contributorId":106516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, K. H.","contributorId":81527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22520,"text":"ofr99344B - 1999 - Digital analytical data from mineral resource assessments of national forest lands in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T21:47:53.271725","indexId":"ofr99344B","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-344","chapter":"B","title":"Digital analytical data from mineral resource assessments of national forest lands in Washington","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99344B","usgsCitation":"Boleneus, D., and Chase, D.W., 1999, Digital analytical data from mineral resource assessments of national forest lands in Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-344, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99344B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422207,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19375.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":335864,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr99344A","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Colville National Forest, Okanogan National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.0,48.0 ], [ -121.0,49.0 ], [ -117.0,49.0 ], [ -117.0,48.0 ], [ -121.0,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b45ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boleneus, D. E.","contributorId":87577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boleneus","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chase, D. W.","contributorId":67356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22296,"text":"ofr99314 - 1999 - Wide-angle seismic recordings from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS), western Washington and British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:59:10","indexId":"ofr99314","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-314","title":"Wide-angle seismic recordings from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS), western Washington and British Columbia","docAbstract":"This report describes the acquisition and processing of deep-crustal wide-angle seismic reflection and refraction data obtained in the vicinity of Puget Lowland, the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and Georgia Strait, western Washington and southwestern British Columbia, in March 1998 during the Seismic Hazards Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS). As part of a larger initiative to better understand lateral variations in crustal structure along the Cascadia margin, SHIPS participants acquired 1000 km of deep-crustal multichannel seismic-reflection profiles and 1300 km of wideangle airgun shot lines in this region using the R/V Thompson and R/V Tully. The Tully was used to record airgun shots fired by the Thompson in two different geometries: (1) expanding spread profiles (ESPs) and (2) constant offset profiles (COPs). Prior to this reflection survey, we deployed 257 Reftek and 15 ocean-bottom seismic recorders to record the airgun signals at far offsets. All data were recorded digitally on large-capacity hard disks. Although most of these stations only recorded the vertical component of motion, 95 of these seismographs recorded signals from an oriented 3-component seismometer. By recording signals generated by the Thompson's marine air gun array, operated in two differing geometries having a total volume of 110 and 79 liters (6730 and 4838 cu. in.), respectively, the arrays of wide-angle recorders were designed to (1) image the crustal structure, particularly in the vicinity of crustal faults and Cenozoic sedimentary basins, (2) determine the geometry of the Moho, and (3) image the subducting Gorda and Juan de Fuca plates. Nearly 33,300 air gun shots were recorded along several seismic lines. In this report, we illustrate the expanding spread profiles acquired using the Thompson and Tully, describe the land and ocean-bottom recording of the air gun signals, discuss the processing of the land recorder data into common receiver gathers, and illustrate the processed wide-angle seismic data collected using the Refteks and ocean-bottom seismometers. We also describe the format and content of the archival tapes containing the SEGY-formated, common-receiver gathers for the Reftek data. Data quality is variable but SHIPS appears to have successfully obtained useful data from almost all the stations deployed to record the airgun shots. Several interesting arrivals were observed: including refractions from the sedimentary basin fill in several basins, refractions from basement rocks forming the upper crust, Pg, refractions from the upper mantle, Pn, as well as reflections from within the crust and from the top of the upper mantle, PmP. We separately archived more than 30 local earthquakes recorded by the Reftek array during our deployment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99314","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Parsons, T., Creager, K.C., Crosson, R.S., Symons, N.P., Spence, G.D., Zelt, B.C., Hammer, P.T., Hyndman, R.D., Mosher, D.C., Trehu, A.M., Miller, K.C., ten Brink, U., Fisher, M.A., Pratt, T.L., Alvarez, M.G., Beaudoin, B.C., Louden, K.E., and Weaver, C.S., 1999, Wide-angle seismic recordings from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS), western Washington and British Columbia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-314, vi, 123 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99314.","productDescription":"vi, 123 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science 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0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, Tom 0000-0002-0582-4338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":22056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Creager, Ken 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Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":187968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Trehu, Anne M.","contributorId":49884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trehu","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":187964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Miller, Kate C.","contributorId":97567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Alvarez, Marcos G.","contributorId":81362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Marcos","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Beaudoin, Bruce C.","contributorId":58140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaudoin","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Louden, Keith E.","contributorId":45570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Louden","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Weaver, Craig S. craig@usgs.gov","contributorId":2690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Craig","email":"craig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":23344,"text":"ofr99256 - 1999 - Hydrologic data for water years 1978-97 used in daily flow-routing and river-operations models for the upper Carson River Basin, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T20:11:33.488867","indexId":"ofr99256","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-256","title":"Hydrologic data for water years 1978-97 used in daily flow-routing and river-operations models for the upper Carson River Basin, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99256","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hess, G.W., 1999, Hydrologic data for water years 1978-97 used in daily flow-routing and river-operations models for the upper Carson River Basin, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-256, Report: iv, 16 p.; 1 Plate: 29.88 × 39.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99256.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; 1 Plate: 29.88 × 39.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391477,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22686.htm"},{"id":52643,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0256/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0256/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95494,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0256/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"upper Carson River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120,\n              38.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              38.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              38.667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60792f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, G. W.","contributorId":43338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22519,"text":"ofr99344A - 1999 - Digital analytical data from mineral resource assessments of national forest lands in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T21:45:32.797529","indexId":"ofr99344A","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-344","chapter":"A","title":"Digital analytical data from mineral resource assessments of national forest lands in Washington","docAbstract":"Extensive reconnaissance assessments of the mineral resource potential of the Colville and Okanogan National Forests in northeastern Washington were conducted during 1979-1982 by a private consultant A.R. Grant, under contract with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. These forests occupy large parts of Pend Oreille, Stevens, Ferry, and Okanogan counties, and smaller parts of Whatcom, Skagit, and Chelan counties adjoining Okanogan County in the Cascades. Sampled terrain also included the Kaniksu National Forest in Pend Oreille County and one stream bed of the Kaniksu in adjacent Bonner County, Idaho.\n\nTwo unpublished reports resulting from the assessments (Grant, 1982a,b) list a total of 3,927 analyses of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, and uranium content of stream sediment and bedrock samples collected at widely dispersed sites in the three National Forests. This report makes this important body of work available in digital form on diskettes, to enhance manipulations with computer spreadsheets, geographic information systems (GIS), and digital spatial analyses. This will allow for utilization of data by modern day explorationists and by the general geodata user community.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99344A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Boleneus, D., and Chase, D.W., 1999, Digital analytical data from mineral resource assessments of national forest lands in Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-344, Report: PDF, 65 p.; Report: TXT; Readme; Metadata; Analytical Results, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99344A.","productDescription":"Report: PDF, 65 p.; Report: TXT; Readme; Metadata; Analytical Results","numberOfPages":"65","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284889,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0344a/README.txt"},{"id":422206,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19375.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52026,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0344a/pdf/of99-344.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284890,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0344a/of99-344.doc"},{"id":284891,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0344a/OF99-344.XLS"},{"id":1298,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0344a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0344a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":284888,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0344a/of99-344.met"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Colville National Forest, Okanogan National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.0,48.0 ], [ -121.0,49.0 ], [ -117.0,49.0 ], [ -117.0,48.0 ], [ -121.0,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd54efe4b0b290850f609f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boleneus, D. E.","contributorId":87577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boleneus","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chase, D. W.","contributorId":67356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23290,"text":"ofr99319 - 1999 - Mississippi Basin Carbon Project; upland soil database for sites in Yazoo Basin, northern Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-13T10:17:25","indexId":"ofr99319","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-319","title":"Mississippi Basin Carbon Project; upland soil database for sites in Yazoo Basin, northern Mississippi","docAbstract":"The conversion of land from its native state to an agricultural use commonly results in a significant loss of soil carbon (Mann, 1985; Davidson and Ackerman, 1993). Globally, this loss is estimated to account for as much as 1/3 of the net CO2 emissions for the period of 1850 to 1980 (Houghton et al, 1983). Roughly 20 to 40 percent of original soil carbon is estimated to be lost as CO2 as a result of agricultural conversion, or 'decomposition enhancement', and global models use this estimate along with land conversion data to provide agricultural contributions of CO2 emissions for global carbon budgets (Houghton and others, 1983; Schimel, 1995).\r\n\r\nAs yet, erosional losses of carbon are not included in global carbon budgets explicitly as a factor in land conversion nor implicitly as a portion of the decomposition enhancement. However, recent work by Lal et al (1995) and by Stallard (1998) suggests that significant amounts of eroded soil may be stored in man-made reservoirs and depositional environments as a result of agricultural conversion. Moreover, Stallard points out that if eroding soils have the potential for replacing part of the carbon trapped in man-made reservoirs, then the global carbon budget may grossly underestimate or ignore a significant sink term resulting from the burial of eroded soil.\r\n\r\nSoil erosion rates are significantly (10X) higher on croplands than on their undisturbed equivalents (Dabney et al, 1997). Most of the concern over erosion is related to diminished productivity of the uplands (Stallings, 1957; McGregor et al, 1993; Rhoton and Tyler, 1990) or to increased hazards and navigability of the lowlands in the late 1800's to early 1900's. Yet because soil carbon is concentrated at the soil surface, with an exponential decline in concentration with depth, it is clear that changes in erosion rates seen on croplands must also impact soil carbon storage and terrestrial carbon budgets as well.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99319","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Harden, J., Fries, T.L., and Huntington, T., 1999, Mississippi Basin Carbon Project; upland soil database for sites in Yazoo Basin, northern Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-319, 46 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99319.","productDescription":"46 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":52575,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0319/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0319/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fries, T. L.","contributorId":12053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huntington, T.G. 0000-0002-9427-3530","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":64675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":189824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22234,"text":"ofr99203 - 1999 - U.S. Geological Survey middle Rio Grande basin study; proceedings of the third annual workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:04","indexId":"ofr99203","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-203","title":"U.S. Geological Survey middle Rio Grande basin study; proceedings of the third annual workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999","docAbstract":"Approximately 40 percent (about 600,000 people) of the total\r\npopulation of New Mexico lives within the Middle Rio Grande Basin, \r\nwhich includes the City of Albuquerque. Ongoing analyses of the \r\ncentral portion of the Middle Rio Grande Basin by the U.S. Geological\r\nSurvey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque and \r\nother agencies have shown that ground water in the basin is not as \r\nreadily accessible as earlier studies indicated. A more complete \r\ncharacterization of the ground-water resources of the entire Middle\r\nRio Grande Basin is hampered by a scarcity of data in the \r\nnorthern and southern areas of the basin.\r\n\r\nThe USGS Middle Rio Grande Basin study is a 5-year effort by the \r\nUSGS and other agencies to improve the understanding of the \r\nhydrology, geology, and land-surface characteristics of the Middle\r\nRio Grande Basin. The primary objective of this study is to \r\nimprove the understanding of the water resources of the basin. Of \r\nparticular interest is to determine the extent of hydrologic\r\nconnection between the Rio Grande and the Santa Fe Group aquifer. \r\nAdditionally, ground-water quality affects the availability of \r\nwater supplies in the basin. Improving the existing USGS-constructed\r\nground-water flow model of the Middle Rio Grande Basin will \r\nintegrate all the various tasks that improve our knowledge of the \r\nvarious components of the Middle Rio Grande water budget. Part \r\nof this improvement will be accompanied by extended knowledge of \r\nthe aquifer system beyond the Albuquerque area into the northern \r\nand southern reaches of the basin. Other improvements will be \r\nbased on understanding gained through process-oriented research \r\nand improved geologic characterization of the deposits. The USGS \r\nand cooperating agencies will study the hydrology, geology, and \r\nland-surface characteristics of the basin to provide the scientific\r\ninformation needed for water-resources management and for managers \r\nto plan for water supplies needed for a growing population.\r\n\r\nTo facilitate exchange of information among the scientists working\r\non the Middle Rio Grande Basin study, yearly technical meetings\r\nhave been held for each of the first 3 years of the anticipated \r\n5-year study. These meetings provide an opportunity to present \r\nresearch results and plan new field efforts. This report documents \r\nthe results of research presented at the third annual technical \r\nworkshop held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999.\r\n\r\nThe report is organized into this introduction and five chapters \r\nthat focus on Middle Rio Grande Basin study investigations in \r\nprogress in the Middle Rio Grande Basin. The first chapter \r\ndescribes geographic data and analysis efforts in the basin. The \r\nsecond chapter details work being done on the hydrogeologic and \r\ngeologic framework of the basin. The third chapter describes \r\nstudies on ground-water recharge in the basin. The fourth chapter \r\nprovides details on the research on the ground-water flow system \r\nin the basin, including modeling efforts. The fifth chapter is \r\ndevoted to an overview of New Mexico District Cooperative Program \r\nstudies in the basin.\r\n\r\nThe information in this report presents preliminary results of an \r\nevolving study. As the study progresses and individual projects \r\npublish their results in more detail, the USGS hopes to expand the \r\nscientific basis needed for management decisions regarding the \r\nMiddle Rio Grande Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr99203","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bartolino, J.R., 1999, U.S. Geological Survey middle Rio Grande basin study; proceedings of the third annual workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-203, vi, 95 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99203.","productDescription":"vi, 95 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51667,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartolino, James R. 0000-0002-2166-7803 jrbartol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-7803","contributorId":2548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartolino","given":"James","email":"jrbartol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23207,"text":"ofr99126 - 1999 - SEGY to ASCII: Conversion and Plotting Program","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23207,"text":"ofr99126 - 1999 - SEGY to ASCII: Conversion and Plotting Program","indexId":"ofr99126","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"SEGY to ASCII: Conversion and Plotting Program"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":72819,"text":"ofr20051311 - 2005 - SEGY to ASCII Conversion and Plotting Program 2.0","indexId":"ofr20051311","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"SEGY to ASCII Conversion and Plotting Program 2.0"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":72819,"text":"ofr20051311 - 2005 - SEGY to ASCII Conversion and Plotting Program 2.0","indexId":"ofr20051311","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"SEGY to ASCII Conversion and Plotting Program 2.0"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:55","indexId":"ofr99126","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-126","title":"SEGY to ASCII: Conversion and Plotting Program","docAbstract":"This report documents a computer program to convert standard 4 byte, IBM floating point SEGY files to ASCII xyz format. The program then optionally plots the seismic data using the GMT plotting package. \r\nThe material for this publication is contained in a standard tar file (of99-126.tar) that is uncompressed and 726 K in size. It can be downloaded by any Unix machine. Move the tar file to the directory you wish to use it in, then type 'tar xvf of99-126.tar' \r\n\r\nThe archive files (and diskette) contain a NOTE file, a README file, a version-history file, source code, a makefile for easy compilation, and an ASCII version of the documentation. The archive files (and diskette) also contain example test files, including a typical SEGY file along with the resulting ASCII xyz and postscript files. \r\n\r\nRequirements for compiling the source code into an executable are a C++ compiler. The program has been successfully compiled using Gnu's g++ version 2.8.1, and use of other compilers may require modifications to the existing source code. The g++ compiler is a free, high quality C++ compiler and may be downloaded from the ftp site: ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu \r\n\r\nRequirements for plotting the seismic data is the existence of the GMT plotting package. The GMT plotting package may be downloaded from the web site: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr99126","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Goldman, M.R., 1999, SEGY to ASCII: Conversion and Plotting Program (Superseded by OFR 2005-1311): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-126, 14 p.; 1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99126.","productDescription":"14 p.; 1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.)","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0126/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52521,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Superseded by OFR 2005-1311","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe0cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldman, Mark R. 0000-0002-0802-829X goldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":1521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","email":"goldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22140,"text":"ofr99516 - 1999 - Sediment magnetic data and thermomagnetic determinations of Holcene and Pleistocene soils and their parent materials from Zanesville, Ohio; contributions to Quaternary paleoclimate studies of Midcontinent loess deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:07","indexId":"ofr99516","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-516","title":"Sediment magnetic data and thermomagnetic determinations of Holcene and Pleistocene soils and their parent materials from Zanesville, Ohio; contributions to Quaternary paleoclimate studies of Midcontinent loess deposits","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99516","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Harlan, S.S., Rosenbaum, J.G., Rutledge, E., and Muhs, D., 1999, Sediment magnetic data and thermomagnetic determinations of Holcene and Pleistocene soils and their parent materials from Zanesville, Ohio; contributions to Quaternary paleoclimate studies of Midcontinent loess deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-516, 29 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99516.","productDescription":"29 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0516/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51588,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0516/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbfec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harlan, S. S.","contributorId":11651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbaum, J. G.","contributorId":96685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutledge, E.M.","contributorId":47819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":23470,"text":"ofr99364 - 1999 - Assessment of landslide hazards in Kaluanui and Maakua gulches, Oahu, Hawaii, following the 9 May 1999 Sacred Falls landslide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T15:09:16","indexId":"ofr99364","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-364","title":"Assessment of landslide hazards in Kaluanui and Maakua gulches, Oahu, Hawaii, following the 9 May 1999 Sacred Falls landslide","docAbstract":"<p><span>One of the injured hikers later died of injuries received in the landslide. Governor Ben Cayetano of Hawaii ordered that the park be closed due to concern about continuing landslide hazard near the falls. Subsequently, Bill Meyer, District Chief for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Resources Division in Honolulu contacted Tim Johns, Chair of the Board of Land and Natural Resources of the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) and offered assistance in assessing slope stability in the park. Mr. Johns accepted the offer, and two landslide specialists from the USGS Geologic Hazards Team in Golden Colorado were sent to the site. On Friday, 14 May 1999, we visited the Sacred Falls landslide site with Glenn Bauer, Ed Sakoda, and Gary Moniz of DLNR. The ground investigation involved inspecting the impact area, estimating the volume of the deposit, and gathering data to help reconstruct the event. On Monday, 17 May 1999, we conducted an aerial reconnaissance of Kaluanui Gulch (Sacred Falls State Park) and Maakua Gulch in a commercial helicopter provided by DLNR. We inspected the source and path of movement of the Sacred Falls landslide of 9 May and reconnoitered the full length of both valleys to get an overview of ongoing landslide hazards there. This report gives our observations and conclusions about the Sacred Falls landslide, broadly assesses the ongoing hazard in the Kaluanui and Maakua Gulches, and suggests methods for more detailed assessment of landslide hazards here and along other trails in state parks on Oahu. Observations and conclusions in this report are based on a very brief investigation and thus are preliminary in nature.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99364","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R., and Baum, R., 1999, Assessment of landslide hazards in Kaluanui and Maakua gulches, Oahu, Hawaii, following the 9 May 1999 Sacred Falls landslide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-364, 9 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99364.","productDescription":"9 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1791,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0364/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0364/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52783,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0364/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kaluanui and Maakua gulches","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, R.W.","contributorId":8467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28965,"text":"wri974224 - 1999 - Evaluation of factors that influence estimated zones of transport for six municipal wells in Clark County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:05:15","indexId":"wri974224","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4224","title":"Evaluation of factors that influence estimated zones of transport for six municipal wells in Clark County, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>A ground-water flow model was used in conjunction with particle tracking to estimate zones of transport for six municipal well sites in Clark County, Washington. A zone of transport for a well is a three-dimensional volume within a ground-water system that contains all of the ground water that will discharge from that well within a specified time period. All of the zones of transport for a well compose the zone of contribution for the well. Zones of transport and contribution are important considerations in the delineation of wellhead-protection areas. Hydrogeologic factors, such as hydraulic conductivity and porosity, influence the shape and size of the zones of transport, and, therefore, uncertainty in these and other factors can lead to uncertainty in the delineation of the zones of transport. The sensitivity of the zones of transport to uncertainty in selected hydrogeologic factors was evaluated for the six wells. Estimates of the zones of transport were delineated by the U.S. Geological Survey program MODTOOLS from three-dimensional pathlines computed by the U.S. Geological Survey program MODPATH. Input to MODPATH came from steady-state simulations calculated by the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model, MODFLOW. Three-dimensional modeling is the best method for delineating zones of transport within stratigraphically complex, heterogeneous, anisotropic aquifers that have complex boundary conditions such as streams and multiple, simultaneously discharging wells.</p>\n<p>In this study, zones of transport were delineated by using simulated particle locations computed from the results of a three-dimensional steady-state regional model for 0-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 5-10, 10-20, and 20-50 year travel times to the selected wells. Zones of transport for a well were delineated by tracking particles along pathlines in the reverse direction of ground-water flow.</p>\n<p>Sensitivity of the zones of transport to change in the discharge rate of the selected well, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity, as well as to the presence or absence of interfering wells, was evaluated at six well sites to evaluate the effect of uncertainties in these factors on the size and shape of zones of transport. Uncertainty in porosity contributed the most to the uncertainty in delineating the zones of transport. Uncertainty in other factors, such as well discharge rate and horizontal hydraulic conductivity, had measurable effects on the zones of transport, but errors introduced through these factors were less significant. Insight into the causes of the changes in the size and shape of the zones of transport to varying conditions was gained by evaluating the simulated water budget and ground-water levels in the vicinity of the well. Changes in the simulated water budget and ground-water levels provided information to better understand the effects of uncertainties in the data on simulation results.The results of this study suggest that ground-water velocity is the underlying control on the size of the zones of transport. The regional hydraulic gradient is the most significant factor controlling the shape and orientation of the zones of transport. Spatial variation in recharge, discharge, and hydraulic properties can also affect the shape of the zones of transport, however. Underestimation of porosity or overestimation of horizontal hydraulic conductivity leads to overestimation of ground-water velocity and overestimation of the size of zones of transport. Overestimation of porosity or underestimation of horizontal hydraulic conductivity leads to underestimation of ground-water velocity and underestimation of the size of zones of transport. Well discharge rate affects ground-water velocities near the well. Underestimation of discharge (and therefore velocities) will result in underestimation of the size of the zones of transport. The sensitivity of estimated zones of transport to uncertainty in parameters such as porosity and&nbsp;horizontal hydraulic conductivity is a function of the well discharge rate and the proximity of the well to boundaries, such as streams and rivers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri974224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Intergovernmental Resource Center, Clark County, Washington","usgsCitation":"Orzol, L., and Truini, M., 1999, Evaluation of factors that influence estimated zones of transport for six municipal wells in Clark County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4224, iv, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974224.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4224/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57840,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4224/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"746.16 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Clark 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L.L.","contributorId":63419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orzol","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1002978,"text":"1002978 - 1999 - Metabolic response to air temperature and wind in day-old mallards and a standard operative temperature scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-18T16:09:13.796784","indexId":"1002978","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3075,"text":"Physiological and Biochemical Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metabolic response to air temperature and wind in day-old mallards and a standard operative temperature scale","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most duckling mortality occurs during the week following hatching and is often associated with cold, windy, wet weather and scattering of the brood. We estimated the thermoregulatory demands imposed by cold, windy weather on isolated 1‐d‐old mallard (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>) ducklings resting in cover. We measured O</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;consumption and evaporative water loss at air temperatures from 5° to 25°C and wind speeds of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 m/s. Metabolic heat production increased as wind increased or temperature decreased but was less sensitive to wind than that of either adult passerines or small mammals. Evaporative heat loss ranged from 5% to 17% of heat production. Evaporative heat loss and the ratio of evaporative heat loss to metabolic heat production was significantly lower in rest phase. These data were used to define a standard operative temperature (</span><i>T</i><sub>es</sub><span>) scale for night or heavy overcast conditions. An increase of wind speed from 0.1 to 1 m/s decreased&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub>es</sub><span>&nbsp;by 3°–5°C.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/316704","issn":"15222152","usgsCitation":"Bakken, G., Reynolds, P., Kenow, K., Korschgen, C.E., and Boysen, A., 1999, Metabolic response to air temperature and wind in day-old mallards and a standard operative temperature scale: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, v. 72, no. 6, p. 656-665, https://doi.org/10.1086/316704.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"656","endPage":"665","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db62510b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakken, G.S.","contributorId":96629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakken","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, P.S.","contributorId":52131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kenow, K.P.","contributorId":18302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boysen, A.F.","contributorId":99507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boysen","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":3675,"text":"cir1173B - 1999 - Environmental characteristics and water quality of hydrologic benchmark network stations in the Midwestern United States, 1963-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"cir1173B","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1173","chapter":"B","title":"Environmental characteristics and water quality of hydrologic benchmark network stations in the Midwestern United States, 1963-95","docAbstract":"This report describes the environmental characteristics and water quality at 14 benchmark basins in the Midwestern United States. The information in this report was compiled to aid in the application and interpretation of historical water-quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Benchmark Network program. The streams discussed in this report drain either forested areas or grasslands with a variety of land-use activities that range from recreational use, timber harvesting, and military training on publicly owned land to agriculture and residential development on privately owned land.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/cir1173B","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., and Turk, J.T., 1999, Environmental characteristics and water quality of hydrologic benchmark network stations in the Midwestern United States, 1963-95: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1173, x, 130 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1173B.","productDescription":"x, 130 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1173","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1999/1173b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30723,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1999/1173b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6024bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":147388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":6576,"text":"fs06999 - 1999 - Global Land Information System","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6575,"text":"fs06994 - 1998 - Global Land Information System","indexId":"fs06994","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Global Land Information System"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6576,"text":"fs06999 - 1999 - Global Land Information System","indexId":"fs06999","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Global Land Information System"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-16T17:16:06","indexId":"fs06999","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"069-99","title":"Global Land Information System","docAbstract":"The Global Land Information System (GLIS) is a World Wide Web-based query tool developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide data and information about the Earth's land surface. Examples of holdings available through the GLIS include cartographic data, topographic data, soils data, aerial photographs, and satellite images from various agencies and cooperators located around the world. Both hard copy and digital data collections are represented in the GLIS, and preview images are available for millions of the products in the system.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs06999","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Global Land Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 069-99, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs06999.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":140351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0069/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34046,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223964,"text":"5223964 - 1999 - Molecular and immunogenetic analysis of major histocompatibility haplotypes in northern bobwhite enable direct identification of corresponding haplotypes in an endangered subspecies, the masked bobwhite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T15:23:35.003716","indexId":"5223964","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3807,"text":"Zoo Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular and immunogenetic analysis of major histocompatibility haplotypes in northern bobwhite enable direct identification of corresponding haplotypes in an endangered subspecies, the masked bobwhite","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a group of genetic loci coding for haplotypes that have been associated with fitness traits in mammals and birds. Such associations suggest that MHC diversity may be an indicator of overall genetic fitness of endangered or threatened species. The MHC haplotypes of a captive population of 12 families of northern bobwhites (</span><i>Colinus virginianus</i><span>) were identified using a combination of immunogenetic and molecular techniques. Alloantisera were produced within families of northern bobwhites and were then tested for differential agglutination of erythrocytes of all members of each family. The pattern of reactions determined from testing these alloantisera identified a single genetic system of alloantigens in the northern bobwhites, resulting in the assignment of a tentative genotype to each individual within the quail families. Restriction fragment patterns of the DNA of each bird were determined using the chicken MHC&nbsp;</span><i>B-G</i><span>&nbsp;cDNA probe&nbsp;</span><i>bg11</i><span>. The concordance between the restriction fragment patterns and the alloantisera reactions showed that the alloantisera had identified the MHC of the northern bobwhite and supported the tentative genotype assignments, identifying at least 12 northern bobwhite MHC haplotypes. Eighteen northern bobwhite alloantisera were then used to detect a minimum of 17 masked bobwhite MHC haplotypes. Subsequent restriction fragment pattern analyses using cDNA probes for chicken MHC genes were in agreement with agglutination patterns displayed by the antisera, showing that the immunogenetically identified alloantigen system constituted the MHC of the masked bobwhite. These data demonstrate that a non-endangered species may be used to provide antisera for differentiating MHC haplotypes in a closely related endangered species, thus providing a practical basis for long-range monitoring of MHC haplotypes of birds surviving in their native habitats.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1999)18:4<279::AID-ZOO3>3.0.CO;2-Z","usgsCitation":"Drake, B.M., Goto, R., Miller, M., Gee, G., and Briles, W., 1999, Molecular and immunogenetic analysis of major histocompatibility haplotypes in northern bobwhite enable direct identification of corresponding haplotypes in an endangered subspecies, the masked bobwhite: Zoo Biology, v. 18, no. 4, p. 279-294, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1999)18:4<279::AID-ZOO3>3.0.CO;2-Z.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6993d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, B. M.","contributorId":18087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goto, R.M.","contributorId":13347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goto","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, M.M.","contributorId":24048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Briles, W.E.","contributorId":34614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briles","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70201050,"text":"70201050 - 1999 -  A weighted least-squares approach to temporal NDVI smoothing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-13T10:08:21","indexId":"70201050","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-13T15:59:39","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":" A weighted least-squares approach to temporal NDVI smoothing","docAbstract":"<p>Satellite imagery provides a unique vantage point for observing seasonal dynamics of the landscape that have implications for global change issues. An objective evaluation of surface conditions may be performed using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration advanced very high resolution radiometer data. NDVI data are typically very noisy, affected by a number of phenomena including cloud contamination, atmospheric perturbations, and variable illumination and viewing geometry, each of which usually reduces the NDVI. This work describes a weighted least-squares linear regression approach to temporal NDVI smoothing to more efficiently reduce contamination in the NDVI signal. This approach uses a moving window operating on temporal NDVI to calculate a regression line. The window is moved one period at a time, resulting in a family of regression lines associated with each point; this family of lines is then averaged at each point and interpolated between points to provide a continuous temporal NDVI signal. Also, since the factors that cause contamination usually serve to reduce NDVI values, the system applies a weighting factor that favors peak points over sloping or valley points. A final operation assures that all peak NDVI values are retained. The resulting relationship between the smoothed curve and the original data is statistically based. The smoothed data may be used to improve applications involving time-series NDVI data, such as land cover classification, seasonal vegetation characterization, and vegetation monitoring</p>","conferenceTitle":"From image to information: 1999 ASPRS Annual Conference","conferenceDate":"May 17-21, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Portland Oregon","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Swets, D., Reed, B.C., Rowland, J., and Marko, S., 1999,  A weighted least-squares approach to temporal NDVI smoothing, From image to information: 1999 ASPRS Annual Conference, Portland Oregon, May 17-21, 1999, CD Rom.","productDescription":"CD Rom","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfd1494e4b0815414ca393c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swets, D.","contributorId":78118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swets","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":145846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marko, S.E.","contributorId":210806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marko","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70243827,"text":"70243827 - 1999 - Carbon cycling in boreal wetlands: A comparison of three approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-22T16:50:40.035672","indexId":"70243827","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T11:38:35","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8113,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon cycling in boreal wetlands: A comparison of three approaches","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three independent methods were used to measure net ecosystem production (NEP) in four wetlands near Thompson, Manitoba, Canada. The first method calculated NEP by subtracting heterotrophic respiration from net primary productivity, using both measurements and estimates derived from the literature. The second method used radiocarbon data from cores to derive long-term NEP averaged over the past several decades. The third method used direct measurement of NEP combined with a model to fill in for days with no data. The three methods, with their independently derived uncertainties, all show the same magnitude and pattern of NEP variation across four different wetland types. However, direct measurement yielded distinctly lower estimates of NEP in the most productive sites. Highest NEP (31–180 gC m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) was observed in the two wetlands with the highest proportion of sedge vegetation. A bog collapse scar and a nutrient-rich fen had NEP values not significantly different from zero. The maximum NEP at sites with intermediate nutrient status is due to slower overall decomposition and is likely associated with greater allocation of production below ground by sedges. The three methods for estimating NEP differ in the effort required, the sources of error, and in the timescale over which they apply. Used in combination, they allow estimation of parameters such as below- ground production and the contribution of heterotrophic decomposition to total soil respiration. Using the radiocarbon method, we also derived estimates of the rate of N accumulation in the four wetland types.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Trumbore, S., Bubier, J., Harden, J.W., and Crill, P.M., 1999, Carbon cycling in boreal wetlands: A comparison of three approaches: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, v. 104, no. D22, p. 27673-27682.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"27673","endPage":"27682","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Manitoba","city":"Thompson","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.92791850719725,\n              55.80052771373002\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.92791850719725,\n              55.67999877580303\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.7709594471591,\n              55.67999877580303\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.7709594471591,\n              55.80052771373002\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.92791850719725,\n              55.80052771373002\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"D22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trumbore, Susan E. 0000-0003-3885-6202","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3885-6202","contributorId":139916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trumbore","given":"Susan E.","affiliations":[{"id":13313,"text":"Max Planck Institute of Biogeochemistry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bubier, Jill","contributorId":169400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bubier","given":"Jill","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25495,"text":"Mount Holyoke College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crill, Patrick M.","contributorId":96567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crill","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":4240,"text":"cir1188 - 1999 - An assessment of seismic monitoring in the United States; requirement for an Advanced National Seismic System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T13:49:22","indexId":"cir1188","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1188","title":"An assessment of seismic monitoring in the United States; requirement for an Advanced National Seismic System","docAbstract":"This report assesses the status, needs, and associated costs of seismic monitoring in the United States. It sets down the requirement for an effective, national seismic monitoring strategy and an advanced system linking national, regional, and urban monitoring networks. Modernized seismic monitoring can provide alerts of imminent strong earthquake shaking; rapid assessment of distribution and severity of earthquake shaking (for use in emergency response); warnings of a possible tsunami from an offshore earthquake; warnings of volcanic eruptions; information for correctly characterizing earthquake hazards and for improving building codes; and data on response of buildings and structures during earthquakes, for safe, cost-effective design, engineering, and construction practices in earthquake-prone regions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1188","isbn":"0607929324","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, An assessment of seismic monitoring in the United States; requirement for an Advanced National Seismic System: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1188, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1188.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":76,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1999/c1188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1999/1188/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31354,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1999/1188/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684ca5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5544,"text":"fs14899 - 1999 - National Elevation Dataset","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-29T17:02:31","indexId":"fs14899","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"148-99","title":"National Elevation Dataset","docAbstract":"The National Elevation Dataset (NED) is a new raster product assembled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The NED is designed to provide national elevation data in a seamless form with a consistent datum, elevation unit, and projection. Data corrections were made in the NED assembly process to minimize artifacts, permit edge matching, and fill sliver areas of missing data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs14899","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, National Elevation Dataset: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 148-99, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14899.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0148/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0148/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32094,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0148/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6982e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22794,"text":"ofr99204 - 1999 - Ground-water conditions in Georgia, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T12:04:55","indexId":"ofr99204","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-204","title":"Ground-water conditions in Georgia, 1998","docAbstract":"Ground-water conditions in Georgia during 1998 and for the period of record were evaluated using data from U.S. Geological Survey ground-water-level and ground-water-quality monitoring networks. Data for 1998 included in this report are from continuous water-level records from 130 wells and chloride analyses from 14 wells. 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