Any good seismologist–carryball (i.e., American football) fan remembers the “beast quake” of 2011. Seahawks fans’ exuberant reactions to a Marshawn Lynch (in beast mode) run caused the stadium to shake enough to be well recorded on a strong‐motion seismograph a block away (Vidale, 2011). With the Seahawks at home for the National Football Conference (NFC) Championship playoffs, both last year and this year, the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) received permission to install some seismometers in the stadium. Motivations for the experiment included testing the field and telemetry equipment, examining analysis and display techniques, and practicing quick reactions to mobilize field experiments. With PNSN students and staff who are also Seahawks fans, it was not hard to get volunteers to do the installations and monitor the on‐field actions and the resulting seismograms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220150053","usgsCitation":"Malone, S., Hall, K., Simmons, L., and Vidale, J., 2015, How to recognize a “Beast Quake” and a “Dance Quake”: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 3, p. 449-450, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150053.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"450","ipdsId":"IP-063791","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"86","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fb8e4b0d1f9f065a8ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malone, Stephen","contributorId":194841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Kelley","contributorId":194842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Kelley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, Lynn lynns@usgs.gov","contributorId":194840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Lynn","email":"lynns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":705462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vidale, John","contributorId":194843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vidale","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156925,"text":"70156925 - 2015 - Isotopic insights into biological regulation of zinc in contaminated systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T13:21:04.467423","indexId":"70156925","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3828,"text":"Procedia Earth and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic insights into biological regulation of zinc in contaminated systems","docAbstract":"Aquatic organisms use a variety of biogeochemical reactions to regulate essential and non-essential trace metals. Many of these mechanisms can lead to isotopic fractionation, thus measurement of metal isotopes may yield insights into the processes by which organisms respond to metal exposure. We illustrate these concepts with two case studies, one involving an intra- and the other an extra-cellular mechanism of Zn sequestration. In the first study, the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer was grown in the laboratory, and fed a diet of Zn-doped diatoms at Zn levels exceeding the requirements for normal mayfly life functions. The N. triangulifer larvae consumed the diatoms and retained their Zn isotopic signature. Upon metamorphosis, the subimago life stage lost Zn mass either in the exuvia or by excretion, and the Zn retained was isotopically enriched. Thus, Zn uptake is nonfractionating, but Zn regulation favors the lighter isotope. Thus the Zn remaining in the subimago was isotopically heavier. In the second study, Zn was adsorbed on the cell walls and exopolysaccharide secretions of cyanobacteria, which favored the heavier Zn isotope. Continued adsorption eventually resulted in nucleation and biomineralization of hydrozincite {Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6}. These case studies demonstrate the utility of Zn isotopes to provide insights into how aquatic insects respond to metal exposure.","conferenceTitle":"11th Applied Isotope Geochemistery Conference AIG-1","conferenceDate":"September 21-25, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Orléans, France","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.014","usgsCitation":"Wanty, R.B., Balistrieri, L.S., Wesner, J.S., Walters, D., Schmidt, T., Podda, F., De Giudici, G., Stricker, C.A., Kraus, J.M., Lattanzi, P., Wolf, R.E., and Cidu, R., 2015, Isotopic insights into biological regulation of zinc in contaminated systems: Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, v. 13, p. 60-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.014.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"63","ipdsId":"IP-064095","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471544,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341068,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426bee4b0e541a03e9610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wesner, Jeff S.","contributorId":58202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesner","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walters, David 0000-0002-4237-2158 waltersd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-2158","contributorId":147135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David","email":"waltersd@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Podda, Francesca","contributorId":147317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Podda","given":"Francesca","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"De Giudici, G.","contributorId":147318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Giudici","given":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kraus, Johanna M. 0000-0002-9513-4129 jkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-4129","contributorId":4834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Johanna","email":"jkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lattanzi, Pierfranco","contributorId":87845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lattanzi","given":"Pierfranco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wolf, Ruth E. rwolf@usgs.gov","contributorId":903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Ruth","email":"rwolf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cidu, R.","contributorId":22708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cidu","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70142172,"text":"70142172 - 2015 - Hydrologic response for a high-elevation storm in the South Dakota Black Hills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:00:12","indexId":"70142172","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5422,"text":"Internal Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2015-01","title":"Hydrologic response for a high-elevation storm in the South Dakota Black Hills","docAbstract":"A group of thunderstorms produced >4 in of rain during four periods of progressively more intense rainfall across a small part of a relatively high-elevation area of the northern Black Hills on 5 August 2014. The resulting hydrologic response was noteworthy in two very small headwater drainage basins, where the measured peak flows are by far the largest—relative to drainage area—ever documented for the high-elevation Limestone Plateau area. However, peak flows attenuated quickly in a downstream direction owing to the storms tracking perpendicular to the drainage direction, moderately dry antecedent conditions, and progressive widening of the valley bottoms.","language":"English","publisher":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Weather Service","usgsCitation":"Bunkers, M.J., Smith, M., Driscoll, D.G., and Hoogestraat, G., 2015, Hydrologic response for a high-elevation storm in the South Dakota Black Hills: Internal Report 2015-01, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-061903","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoogestraat, Galen K. ghoogest@usgs.gov","contributorId":2336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogestraat","given":"Galen K.","email":"ghoogest@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160734,"text":"70160734 - 2015 - Great Lakes prey fish populations: A cross-basin Overview of status and trends based on bottom trawl surveys, 1978-2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T09:32:47","indexId":"70160734","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Great Lakes prey fish populations: A cross-basin Overview of status and trends based on bottom trawl surveys, 1978-2014","docAbstract":"The assessment of Great Lakes prey fish stocks have been conducted annually with bottom trawls since the 1970s by the Great Lakes Science Center, sometimes assisted by partner agencies. These stock assessments provide data on the status and trends of prey fish that are consumed by important commercial and recreational fishes. Although all these annual surveys are conducted using\nbottom trawls, they differ among the lakes in the proportion of the lake covered, seasonal timing, trawl gear used, and the manner in which the trawl is towed (across or along bottom contours). Because each assessment is unique, population indices were standardized to the highest value for a time series within each lake for the following prey species: Cisco (Coregonus artedi), Bloater (C. hoyi), Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax), Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), and Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus). In this report, standardized indices are presented in graphical form along with synopses to provide a short, informal cross-basin summary of the status and trends of principal prey fishes.","largerWorkTitle":"Compiled reports to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission of the Annual Bottom Trawl and Acoustics Surveys, 2014","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","collaboration":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission","usgsCitation":"Gorman, O.T., and Weidel, B., 2015, Great Lakes prey fish populations: A cross-basin Overview of status and trends based on bottom trawl surveys, 1978-2014, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-063855","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313014,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/lakecom/common_docs/Compiled%20Reports%20from%20USGS%202015.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1bce4b0c2e071a99ba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorman, Owen T. 0000-0003-0451-110X otgorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-110X","contributorId":2888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Owen","email":"otgorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193365,"text":"70193365 - 2015 - Extreme variation of sulfur isotopic compositions in pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit, West Qinling orogen, central China: An in situ SIMS study with implications for the source of sulfur","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T09:38:40","indexId":"70193365","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extreme variation of sulfur isotopic compositions in pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit, West Qinling orogen, central China: An in situ SIMS study with implications for the source of sulfur","docAbstract":"High spatial resolution textural (scanning electron microscope (SEM)), chemical (electron microprobe (EMP)) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spec- trometry (LA-ICP-MS)), and sulfur isotopic (secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)) analyses of pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit (232±4 Ma) in the West Qinling orogen, central China were conducted to distinguish pyrite types and gain insights into the source and evolution of sulfur in hydrothermal fluids. The results reveal an enormous variation (−27.1 to +69.6‰) in sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite deposited during three paragenetic stages. Pre-ore framboidal pyrite, which is characterized by low concentra- tions of As, Au, Cu, Co, and Ni, has negative δ34S values of −27.1 to −7.6‰ that are interpreted in terms of bacterial re- duction of marine sulfate during sedimentation and diagenesis of the Paleozoic carbonate and clastic sequences, the predom- inant lithologies in the deposit area, and the most important hosts of many sediment-hosted gold deposits throughout the West Qinling orogen. The ore-stage hydrothermal pyrite con- tains high concentrations of Au, As, Cu, Sb, Tl, and Bi and hasa relatively narrow range of positive δ34S values ranging from +8.1 to +15.2‰. The sulfur isotope data are comparable to those of ore pyrite from many Triassic orogenic gold deposits and Paleozoic sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Pb-Zn de- posits in the West Qinling orogen, both being hosted mainly in the Devonian sequence. This similarity indicates that sulfur, responsible for the auriferous pyrite at Qiuling, was largely derived from the metamorphic devolatization of Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks. Post-ore-stage pyrite, which is sig- nificantly enriched in Co and Ni but depleted in Au and As, has unusually high δ34S values ranging from +37.4 to +69.6 ‰, that are interpreted to result from thermochemical reduc- tion of evaporite sulfates in underlying Cambrian sedimentary rocks with very high δ34S values. The variations in Au content and sulfur isotopic compositions across a single ore-stage py- rite grain may reflect displacement of indigenous groundwater with low δ34S values by auriferous metamorphic fluids with high δ34S values. The very low-grade metamorphism of the host rocks and the metamorphic derivation of sulfur for the ore pyrite indicate that the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit is an epizonal manifestation of an orogenic gold system in the West Qinling orogen.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-015-0597-9","usgsCitation":"Chen, L., Li, X., Li, J., Hofstra, A.H., Liu, Y., and Koenig, A.E., 2015, Extreme variation of sulfur isotopic compositions in pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit, West Qinling orogen, central China: An in situ SIMS study with implications for the source of sulfur: Mineralium Deposita, v. 50, no. 6, p. 643-656, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-015-0597-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"656","ipdsId":"IP-061524","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fadd24e4b0531197b13cb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Lei","contributorId":199376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Lei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Xian-hua","contributorId":199377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Xian-hua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, Jian-wei","contributorId":199378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Jian-wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Yu","contributorId":199381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Yu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koenig, Alan E. 0000-0002-5230-0924 akoenig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-0924","contributorId":1564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"Alan","email":"akoenig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193502,"text":"70193502 - 2015 - Soil formation: Chapter 6","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T14:46:29","indexId":"70193502","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Soil formation: Chapter 6","docAbstract":"Soil formation reflects the complex interaction of many factors, among the most important of which are (i) the nature of the soil parent material, (ii) regional climate, (iii) organisms, including humans, (iv) topography and (v) time. These processes operate in Earth's critical zone; the thin veneer of our planet where rock meets life. Understanding the operation of these soil-forming factors requires an interdisciplinary approach and is a necessary predicate to charactering soil processes and functions, mitigating soil degradation and adapting soil management to environmental change. In this chapter, we discuss how these soil-forming factors operate both singly and in concert in natural and human modified environments. We emphasize the role that soil organic matter plays in these processes to provide context for understanding the benefits that it bestows on humanity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil carbon: Science, management and policy for multiple benefits","language":"English","publisher":"CABI","doi":"10.1079/9781780645322.0082","usgsCitation":"Goldhaber, M.B., and Banwart, S.A., 2015, Soil formation: Chapter 6, chap. of Soil carbon: Science, management and policy for multiple benefits, p. 82-97, https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645322.0082.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-046328","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349563,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3be4b06e28e9c252d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banwart, Steven A.","contributorId":199483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banwart","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173670,"text":"70173670 - 2015 - Combining split-beam and dual-frequency identification sonars to estimate abundance of anadromous fishes in the Roanoke River, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T15:28:27","indexId":"70173670","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining split-beam and dual-frequency identification sonars to estimate abundance of anadromous fishes in the Roanoke River, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Riverine hydroacoustic techniques are an effective method for evaluating abundance of upstream migrating anadromous fishes. To use these methods in the Roanoke River, North Carolina, at a wide site with uneven bottom topography, we used a combination of split-beam sonar and dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) deployments. We aimed a split-beam sonar horizontally to monitor midchannel and near-bottom zones continuously over the 3-month spring monitoring periods in 2010 and 2011. The DIDSON was rotated between seven cross-channel locations (using a vertical aim) and nearshore regions (using horizontal aims). Vertical deployment addressed blind spots in split-beam coverage along the bottom and provided reliable information about the cross-channel and vertical distributions of upstream migrants. Using a Bayesian framework, we modeled sonar counts within four cross-channel strata and apportioned counts by species using species proportions from boat electrofishing and gill netting. Modeled estimates (95% credible intervals [CIs]) of total upstream migrants in 2010 and 2011 were 2.5 million (95% CI, 2.4–2.6 million) and 3.6 million (95% CI, 3.4–3.9 million), respectively. Results indicated that upstream migrants are extremely shore- and bottom-oriented, suggesting nearshore DIDSON monitoring improved the accuracy and precision of our estimates. This monitoring protocol and model may be widely applicable to river systems regardless of their cross-sectional width or profile.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2014.992558","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.B., and Hightower, J.E., 2015, Combining split-beam and dual-frequency identification sonars to estimate abundance of anadromous fishes in the Roanoke River, North Carolina: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 35, no. 2, p. 229-240, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2014.992558.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"240","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057374","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f031e4b04f417c24da3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Jacob B.","contributorId":171491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hightower, Joseph E. jhightower@usgs.gov","contributorId":835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"Joseph","email":"jhightower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193848,"text":"70193848 - 2015 - Decadal changes in phenology of peak abundance patterns of woodland pond salamanders in northern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T12:30:52","indexId":"70193848","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5541,"text":"The Journal of North American Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal changes in phenology of peak abundance patterns of woodland pond salamanders in northern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Woodland ponds are important landscape features that help sustain populations of amphibians that require this aquatic habitat for successful reproduction. Species abundance patterns often reflect site-specific differences in hydrology, physical characteristics, and surrounding vegetation. Large-scale processes such as changing land cover and environmental conditions are other potential drivers influencing amphibian populations in the Upper Midwest, but little information exists on the combined effects of these factors. We used Blue-spotted (Ambystoma laterale Hallowell) and Spotted Salamander (A. maculatum Shaw) monitoring data collected at the same woodland ponds thirteen years apart to determine if changing environmental conditions and vegetation cover in surrounding landscapes influenced salamander movement phenology and abundance. Four woodland ponds in northern Wisconsin were sampled for salamanders in April 1992-1994 and 2005-2007. While Blue-spotted Salamanders were more abundant than Spotted Salamanders in all ponds, there was no change in the numbers of either species over the years. However, peak numbers of Blue-spotted Salamanders occurred 11.7 days earlier (range: 9-14 days) in the 2000s compared to the 1990s; Spotted Salamanders occurred 9.5 days earlier (range: 3 - 13 days). Air and water temperatures (April 13- 24) increased, on average, 4.8°C and 3.7°C, respectively, between the decades regardless of pond. There were no discernible changes in canopy openness in surrounding forests between decades that would have warmed the water sooner (i.e., more light penetration). Our finding that salamander breeding phenology can vary by roughly 10 days in Wisconsin contributes to growing evidence that amphibian populations have responded to changing climate conditions by shifting life-cycle events. Managers can use this information to adjust monitoring programs and forest management activities in the surrounding landscape to avoid vulnerable amphibian movement periods. Considering direct and indirect stressors such as changing habitat and environmental conditions simultaneously to better understand trends in space and time can help improve monitoring programs for this taxa, which is at major risk of continued declines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Center for North American Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Donner, D.M., Ribic, C., Beck, A.J., Higgins, D., Eklund, D., and Reinecke, S., 2015, Decadal changes in phenology of peak abundance patterns of woodland pond salamanders in northern Wisconsin: The Journal of North American Herpetology, v. 1, p. 34-42.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"42","ipdsId":"IP-052626","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":348372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://jnah.cnah.org/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Medford-Park Falls District of the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 45.63516665067313\n ],\n [\n -89.97528076171875,\n 45.63516665067313\n ],\n [\n -89.97528076171875,\n 45.94542053059529\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 45.94542053059529\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 45.63516665067313\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb1de4b09af898c8ccb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donner, Deahn M.","contributorId":171823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donner","given":"Deahn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beck, Albert J.","contributorId":200078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beck","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Higgins, Dale","contributorId":200079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgins","given":"Dale","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eklund, Dan","contributorId":200080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eklund","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reinecke, Susan","contributorId":200081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70173867,"text":"70173867 - 2015 - Testing assumptions for conservation of migratory shorebirds and coastal managed wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T15:41:38","indexId":"70173867","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing assumptions for conservation of migratory shorebirds and coastal managed wetlands","docAbstract":"Managed wetlands provide critical foraging and roosting habitats for shorebirds during migration; therefore, ensuring their availability is a priority action in shorebird conservation plans. Contemporary shorebird conservation plans rely on a number of assumptions about shorebird prey resources and migratory behavior to determine stopover habitat requirements. For example, the US Shorebird Conservation Plan for the Southeast-Caribbean region assumes that average benthic invertebrate biomass in foraging habitats is 2.4 g dry mass m−2 and that the dominant prey item of shorebirds in the region is Chironomid larvae. For effective conservation and management, it is important to test working assumptions and update predictive models that are used to estimate habitat requirements. We surveyed migratory shorebirds and sampled the benthic invertebrate community in coastal managed wetlands of South Carolina. We sampled invertebrates at three points in time representing early, middle, and late stages of spring migration, and concurrently surveyed shorebird stopover populations at approximately 7-day intervals throughout migration. We used analysis of variance by ranks to test for temporal variation in invertebrate biomass and density, and we used a model based approach (linear mixed model and Monte Carlo simulation) to estimate mean biomass and density. There was little evidence of a temporal variation in biomass or density during the course of spring shorebird migration, suggesting that shorebirds did not deplete invertebrate prey resources at our site. Estimated biomass was 1.47 g dry mass m−2 (95 % credible interval 0.13–3.55), approximately 39 % lower than values used in the regional shorebird conservation plan. An additional 4728 ha (a 63 % increase) would be required if habitat objectives were derived from biomass levels observed in our study. Polychaetes, especially Laeonereis culveri(2569 individuals m−2), were the most abundant prey in foraging habitats at our site. Polychaetes have lower caloric content than levels assumed in the regional plan; when lower caloric content and lower biomass levels are used to determine habitat objectives, an additional 6395 ha would be required (86 % increase). Shorebird conservation and management plans would benefit from considering the uncertainty in parameters used to derive habitat objectives, especially biomass and caloric content of prey resources. Iterative testing of models that are specific to the planning region will provide rapid advances for management and conservation of migratory shorebirds and coastal managed wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1007/s11273-015-9477-4","usgsCitation":"Collazo, J., James Lyons, and Herring, G., 2015, Testing assumptions for conservation of migratory shorebirds and coastal managed wetlands: Wetlands Ecology and Management, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-015-9477-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060239","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c38e4b07657d19a6a17","chorus":{"doi":"10.1007/s11273-015-9477-4","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-015-9477-4","publisher":"Springer Nature","authors":"Lyons James E., Collazo Jaime A., Herring Garth","journalName":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","publicationDate":"12/28/2015","auditedOn":"7/29/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"12/28/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collazo, Jaime jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James Lyons","contributorId":149502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James Lyons","affiliations":[{"id":17753,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Bird Habitat Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192338,"text":"70192338 - 2015 - The effect of UV-C exposure on larval survival of the dreissenid quagga mussel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T09:55:27","indexId":"70192338","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of UV-C exposure on larval survival of the dreissenid quagga mussel","docAbstract":"The rapid spread of quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) has lead to their invasion of Lake Mead, Nevada, the largest reservoir in North America and partially responsible for providing water to millions of people in the southwest. Current strategies for mitigating the growth and spread of quagga mussels primarily include physical and chemical means of removing adults within water treatment, delivery, and hydropower facilities. In the present study, germicidal ultraviolet light (UV-C) was used to target the larval stage of wild-caught quagga mussel. The lethal effect of UV-C was evaluated at four different doses, 0.0, 13.1, 26.2, and 79.6 mJ/cm2. Tested doses were determined based on results from preliminary trials. The results demonstrate that germicidal UV-C is effective in controlling the free-swimming life history stages of larval quagga mussels.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS One","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0133039","usgsCitation":"Stewart-Malone, A., Misamore, M., Wilmoth, S.K., Reyes, A., Wong, W.H., and Gross, J., 2015, The effect of UV-C exposure on larval survival of the dreissenid quagga mussel: PLoS ONE, v. 10 , no. 7, e0133039; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133039.","productDescription":" e0133039; 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-055533","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133039","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Lake Mead","volume":"10 ","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a8e4b0220bbd9d9f96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart-Malone, Alecia","contributorId":198233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart-Malone","given":"Alecia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Misamore, Michael","contributorId":198234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Misamore","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilmoth, Siri K. swilmoth@usgs.gov","contributorId":5501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmoth","given":"Siri","email":"swilmoth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reyes, Alejandro","contributorId":152369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reyes","given":"Alejandro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18921,"text":"USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wong, Wai Hing","contributorId":198235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wong","given":"Wai","email":"","middleInitial":"Hing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gross, Jackson","contributorId":198236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gross","given":"Jackson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192313,"text":"70192313 - 2015 - Gopherus Agassizii (Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise). Mechanical Injury","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T09:46:57","indexId":"70192313","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gopherus Agassizii (Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise). Mechanical Injury","docAbstract":"On 3 June 2015 at 1024 h, a team of U.S. Geological Survey scientists located an immature Gopherus agassizii (Agassiz’s desert tortoise) at Joshua Tree National Park, near the southern Cottonwood Canyon entrance. The habitat in the area is typical of the Sonoran Desert in that part of California with various trees and shrubs including Larrea tridentate (creosote bush), Parkinsonia florida (blue palo verde), Olneya tesota (ironwood), Fouquieria splendens (ocotillo) and Psorothamnus spinosus (smoketree), as well as numerous species of cacti, herbaceous plants and shrubs. The 89.4 mm in carapace length G. agassizii was estimated to be four years old by counting growth rings on the plastron, and weighed 160g. It was found basking on a flat spot on a north-facing, steep, rocky slope with a Ferocactus cylindraceus (California barrel cactus) spine impaling the G. agassizii under the right leg.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Smith, A., Tennant, L.A., Lovich, J.E., and Arundel, T.R., 2015, Gopherus Agassizii (Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise). 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The assessment is based on geologic elements of a total petroleum system. Four assessment units (AUs) are defined based on characterization of hydrocarbon source and reservoir rocks, seals, traps, and the geohistory of the hydrocarbon products. Strata in each AU share similar stratigraphic, structural, and hydrocarbon-charge histories.\nThe Cotton Valley Group extends in the subsurface from southern Texas to the Florida Panhandle in an arcuate belt that crosses northern Louisiana, the southern part of Arkansas, and southern Mississippi and Alabama. Three of the AUs are quantitatively assessed for undiscovered volumes of hydrocarbons in conventional accumulations. The Cotton Valley Updip Oil AU includes areas between the maximum updip limit of the Cotton Valley Group and a curved belt of regional faults (included in the Peripheral Fault System AU). Hydrocarbon charge to this AU remains uncertain. The Peripheral Fault System Oil and Gas AU includes the Mexia, Talco, State Line, South Arkansas, Pickens, Gilbertown, and other fault segments, which trapped early oil that migrated from source rocks within the Smackover Formation. Hydrocarbons in the Downdip Oil and Gas AU are primarily associated with low-amplitude salt-related features in the East Texas, North Louisiana, and Mississippi salt basins. The Tight Sandstone Gas AU contains gas-charged sandstones previously referred to collectively as “massive.” Their reservoir properties are consistent with the USGS’s definition of continuous reservoirs, and their resources, therefore, are assessed using a separate methodology. Optimal coincidence of low-permeability sandstone, gas-mature source rocks, and complex structures of the regional Sabine feature encouraged development of a general “sweet spot” area in eastern Texas.","conferenceTitle":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies 2015 65th Annual Convention","conferenceDate":"September 20-22, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Eoff, J.D., Dubiel, R.F., Pearson, O.N., and Whidden, K.J., 2015, Geologic framework for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf of Mexico region, Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies 2015 65th Annual Convention, v. 65, Houston, TX, September 20-22, 2015, p. 93-105.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-064950","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347044,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/065/065001/93_gcags650093.htm"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.4697265625,\n 24.287026865376436\n ],\n [\n -79.62890625,\n 24.287026865376436\n ],\n [\n -79.62890625,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -101.4697265625,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -101.4697265625,\n 24.287026865376436\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3ce4b06e28e9c252d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eoff, Jennifer D. jeoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":3418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eoff","given":"Jennifer","email":"jeoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dubiel, Russell F. 0000-0002-1280-0350 rdubiel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":1294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"Russell","email":"rdubiel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearson, Ofori N. 0000-0002-9550-1128 opearson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-1128","contributorId":1680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Ofori","email":"opearson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whidden, Katherine J. 0000-0002-7841-2553 kwhidden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-2553","contributorId":3960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whidden","given":"Katherine","email":"kwhidden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194064,"text":"70194064 - 2015 - Artificial reefs and reef restoration in the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T13:35:29","indexId":"70194064","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial reefs and reef restoration in the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"We reviewed the published literature to provide an inventory of Laurentian Great Lakes artificial reef projects and their purposes. We also sought to characterize physical and biological monitoring for artificial reef projects in the Great Lakes and determine the success of artificial reefs in meeting project objectives. We found records of 6 artificial reefs in Lake Erie, 8 in Lake Michigan, 3 in Lakes Huron and Ontario, and 2 in Lake Superior. We found 9 reefs in Great Lakes connecting channels and 6 reefs in Great Lakes tributaries. Objectives of artificial reef creation have included reducing impacts of currents and waves, providing safe harbors, improving sport-fishing opportunities, and enhancing/restoring fish spawning habitats. Most reefs in the lakes themselves were incidental (not created purposely for fish habitat) or built to improve local sport fishing, whereas reefs in tributaries and connecting channels were more frequently built to benefit fish spawning. Levels of assessment of reef performance varied; but long-term monitoring was uncommon as was assessment of physical attributes. Artificial reefs were often successful at attracting recreational species and spawning fish; however, population-level benefits of artificial reefs are unclear. Stressors such as sedimentation and bio-fouling can limit the effectiveness of artificial reefs as spawning enhancement tools. Our investigation underscores the need to develop standard protocols for monitoring the biological and physical attributes of artificial structures. Further, long-term monitoring is needed to assess the benefits of artificial reefs to fish populations and inform future artificial reef projects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2014.11.021","usgsCitation":"McLean, M.W., Roseman, E.F., Pritt, J.J., Kennedy, G.W., and Manny, B.A., 2015, Artificial reefs and reef restoration in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 1, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2014.11.021.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-080639","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 40.58058466412761\n ],\n [\n -74.091796875,\n 40.58058466412761\n ],\n [\n -74.091796875,\n 49.296471602658066\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 49.296471602658066\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 40.58058466412761\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe3be4b06e28e9c252c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLean, Matthew W. mmclean@usgs.gov","contributorId":5169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"Matthew","email":"mmclean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":721974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. 0000-0002-5315-9838 eroseman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-9838","contributorId":168428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward","email":"eroseman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pritt, Jeremy J. jpritt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritt","given":"Jeremy","email":"jpritt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":721975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, Gregory W. 0000-0003-1686-6960 gkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-6960","contributorId":3700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Gregory","email":"gkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159399,"text":"70159399 - 2015 - Science foundation Chapter 5 Appendix 5.1: Case study shore birds: Western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) and American avocets (Recurvirostra Americana)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T09:03:44","indexId":"70159399","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Science foundation Chapter 5 Appendix 5.1: Case study shore birds: Western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) and American avocets (Recurvirostra Americana)","docAbstract":"Western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) are small (22-35 g) sexually dimorphic sandpipers, with males typically smaller than females. Western sandpipers frequently occur in mixed species flocks along with other Calidris species, including least sandpipers (Calidris minutilla) and dunlin (Calidris alpina), in the San Francisco Bay Estuary (SFBE) and are the most abundant shorebird species found from fall to spring. Western sandpipers are one of the most common shorebird species in SFBE, the Pacific Flyway, and North America overall. The largest concentrations of western sandpipers, and of most shorebirds, are found in the South Bay where large expanses of mudflats are exposed at low tide and managed and/or salt ponds are available for high tide roosting and feeding habitat (Warnock et al 2002, Warnock and Takekawa 1995). In recent years, there is some evidence that there has been a shift in shorebird numbers towards the North Bay, perhaps as large salt pond restoration projects provide interim mud flat habitat during the evolution towards tidal marsh habitat (Pitkin and Wood, 2011).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The baylands and climate change what we can do: Baylands ecosystem habitat goals science update 2015","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"California State Coastal Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Strong, C., and Ackerman, J., 2015, Science foundation Chapter 5 Appendix 5.1: Case study shore birds: Western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) and American avocets (Recurvirostra Americana), 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-060616","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":310649,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://baylandsgoals.org/case-studies/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.29406738281249,\n 36.86204269508728\n ],\n [\n -120.8551025390625,\n 36.86204269508728\n ],\n [\n -120.8551025390625,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -123.29406738281249,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -123.29406738281249,\n 36.86204269508728\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d539e4b0e541a03d4529","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strong, Cheryl","contributorId":149428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strong","given":"Cheryl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70158660,"text":"70158660 - 2015 - Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima Torr.): State of our knowledge and future challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T11:29:12","indexId":"70158660","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima Torr.): State of our knowledge and future challenges","docAbstract":"Covering 130,000 square miles and a wide range of elevations from desert to alpine in Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico, the Colorado Plateau has long fascinated researchers. The Colorado Plateau VI provides readers with a plethora of updates and insights into land conservation and management questions currently surrounding the region.\n\nThe Colorado Plateau VI’s contributors show how new technologies for monitoring, spatial analysis, restoration, and collaboration improve our understanding, management, and conservation of outcomes at the appropriate landscape scale for the Colorado Plateau. The volume’s chapters fall into five major themes: monitoring as a key tool for addressing management challenges, restoration approaches to improving ecosystem condition and function, collaboration and organizational innovations to achieve conservation and management objectives, landscape-scale approaches to understanding, and managing key species and ecological communities.\n\n Focusing on the integration of science into resource management issues over the Colorado Plateau, this volume includes contributions from dozens of leading scholars of the region. The Colorado Plateau VI proves a valuable resource to all interested in the conservation management, natural history, and cultural biological resources of the Colorado Plateau.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Colorado plateau VI: Science and management at the landscape scale","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona Press","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, R.L., Pendleton, B.K., Meyer, S.E., Richardson, B., Esque, T., and Kitchen, S.G., 2015, Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima Torr.): State of our knowledge and future challenges, in The Colorado plateau VI: Science and management at the landscape scale, p. 142-159.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"159","ipdsId":"IP-063307","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":309501,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.uapress.arizona.edu/Books/bid2511.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":" Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.357421875,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -111.9287109375,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 36.474306755095235\n ],\n [\n -113.13720703125,\n 36.13787471840729\n ],\n [\n -112.96142578125,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -112.412109375,\n 34.66935854524543\n ],\n [\n -110.98388671874999,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -110.302734375,\n 34.125447565116126\n ],\n [\n -109.9951171875,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -108.4130859375,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -107.73193359375,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -107.24853515625,\n 33.88865750124075\n ],\n [\n -106.435546875,\n 34.903952965590065\n ],\n [\n -106.5234375,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -106.74316406249999,\n 36.79169061907076\n ],\n [\n -107.6220703125,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -107.99560546875,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -108.34716796875,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -107.68798828125,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -107.86376953125,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -108.17138671875,\n 39.2492708462234\n ],\n [\n -108.06152343749999,\n 40.195659093364654\n ],\n [\n -108.43505859374999,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -108.91845703124999,\n 40.43022363450862\n ],\n [\n -109.7314453125,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 39.50404070558415\n ],\n [\n -111.357421875,\n 38.736946065676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53ae4b0e541a03d4533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Rosemary L.","contributorId":69882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Rosemary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, Burton K.","contributorId":107187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Burton","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Susan E.","contributorId":20251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richardson, Bryce A.","contributorId":37249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Bryce A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":145679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kitchen, Stanley G.","contributorId":60530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchen","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70157102,"text":"70157102 - 2015 - The role of suspension events in cross-shore and longshore suspended sediment transport in the surf zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T12:11:32","indexId":"70157102","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The role of suspension events in cross-shore and longshore suspended sediment transport in the surf zone","docAbstract":"Suspension of sand in the surf zone is intermittent. Especially striking in a time series of concentration are periods of intense suspension, suspension events, when the water column suspended sediment concentration is an order of magnitude greater than the mean concentration. The prevalence, timing, and contribution of suspension events to cross-shore and longshore suspended sediment transport are explored using field data collected in the inner half of the surf zone during a large storm at Duck, NC. Suspension events are defined as periods when the concentration is above a threshold. Events tended to occur during onshore flow under the wave crest, resulting in an onshore contribution to the suspended sediment transport. Even though large events occurred less than 10 percent of the total time, at some locations onshore transport associated with suspension events was greater than mean-current driven offshore-directed transport during non-event periods, causing the net suspended sediment transport to be onshore. Events and fluctuations in longshore velocity were not correlated. However, events did increase the longshore suspended sediment transport by approximately the amount they increase the mean concentration, which can be up to 35%. Because of the lack of correlation, the longshore suspended sediment transport can be modeled without considering the details of the intensity and time of events as the vertical integration of the product of the time-averaged longshore velocity and an event-augmented time-averaged concentration. However, to accurately model cross-shore suspended sediment transport, the timing and intensity of suspension events must be reproduced.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2015","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Sediments 2015","conferenceDate":"May 11-15, 2015","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","usgsCitation":"Jaffe, B.E., 2015, The role of suspension events in cross-shore and longshore suspended sediment transport in the surf zone, in The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2015, San Diego, CA, May 11-15, 2015.","ipdsId":"IP-063552","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Duck","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.036376953125,\n 36.0624217151089\n ],\n [\n -75.6134033203125,\n 36.0624217151089\n ],\n [\n -75.6134033203125,\n 36.53832942872818\n ],\n [\n -76.036376953125,\n 36.53832942872818\n ],\n [\n -76.036376953125,\n 36.0624217151089\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426bee4b0e541a03e960e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70157104,"text":"70157104 - 2015 - Mechanisms of sediment flux between shallows and marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T12:05:44","indexId":"70157104","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mechanisms of sediment flux between shallows and marshes","docAbstract":"We conducted a field study to investigate temporal variation and forcing mechanisms of sediment flux between a salt marsh and adjacent shallows in northern San Francisco Bay. Suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), tidal currents, and wave properties were measured over the marsh, in marsh creeks, and in bay shallows. Cumulative sediment flux in the marsh creeks was bayward during the study, and was dominated by large bayward flux during the largest tides of the year. This result was unexpected because extreme high tides with long inundation periods are commonly assumed to supply sediment to marshes, and long-term accretion estimates show that the marsh in the study site is depositional. A water mass-balance shows that some landward transport bypassed the creeks, most likely across the marsh-bay interface. An estimate of transport by this pathway based on observed SSC and inferred volume indicates that it was likely much less than the observed export.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Proceedings of Coastal Sediments 2015","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Sediments 2015","conferenceDate":"May 11-15, 2015","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789814689977_0082","collaboration":"San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve","usgsCitation":"Lacy, J.R., Schile, L., Callaway, J., and Ferner, M., 2015, Mechanisms of sediment flux between shallows and marshes, in The Proceedings of Coastal Sediments 2015, San Diego, CA, May 11-15, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814689977_0082.","ipdsId":"IP-063014","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.06335449218749,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -121.4373779296875,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -121.4373779296875,\n 38.28131307922966\n ],\n [\n -123.06335449218749,\n 38.28131307922966\n ],\n [\n -123.06335449218749,\n 37.3002752813443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426bee4b0e541a03e960c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172 jlacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":3158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"jlacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schile, L.M.","contributorId":68013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schile","given":"L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callaway, J.C.","contributorId":147426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Callaway","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[{"id":16849,"text":"University of San Francisco","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferner, M.C.","contributorId":147427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferner","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[{"id":16850,"text":"San Francisco Bay NERR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189614,"text":"70189614 - 2015 - The role of fluid pressure on frictional behavior at the base of the seismogenic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T09:38:15","indexId":"70189614","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of fluid pressure on frictional behavior at the base of the seismogenic zone","docAbstract":"To characterize stress and deformation style at the base of the seismogenic zone, we investigate how the mechanical properties of fluid-rock systems respond to variations in temperature and strain rate. The role of fluids on the processes responsible for the brittle-ductile transition in quartz-rich rocks has not been explored at experimental conditions where the kinetic competition between microcracking and viscous flow is similar to that expected in the Earth. Our initial analysis of this competition suggests that the effective stress law for sliding friction should not work as efficiently near the brittle-ductile transition as it does at shallow conditions","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G36361.1","usgsCitation":"Hirth, G., and Beeler, N.M., 2015, The role of fluid pressure on frictional behavior at the base of the seismogenic zone: Geology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 223-226, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36361.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"226","ipdsId":"IP-061778","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fb8e4b0d1f9f065a8b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirth, Greg","contributorId":176585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hirth","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159686,"text":"70159686 - 2015 - Upscaling of U (VI) desorption and transport from decimeter‐scale heterogeneity to plume‐scale modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:00:53","indexId":"70159686","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"DOE-USGS--SC0003681","title":"Upscaling of U (VI) desorption and transport from decimeter‐scale heterogeneity to plume‐scale modeling","docAbstract":"Scientifically defensible predictions of field scale U(VI) transport in groundwater requires an understanding of key processes at multiple scales. These scales range from smaller than the sediment grain scale (less than 10 μm) to as large as the field scale which can extend over several kilometers. The key processes that need to be considered include both geochemical reactions in solution and at sediment surfaces as well as physical transport processes including advection, dispersion, and pore-scale diffusion. The research summarized in this report includes both experimental and modeling results in batch, column and tracer tests. The objectives of this research were to: (1) quantify the rates of U(VI) desorption from sediments acquired from a uranium contaminated aquifer in batch experiments;(2) quantify rates of U(VI) desorption in column experiments with variable chemical conditions, and(3) quantify nonreactive tracer and U(VI) transport in field tests.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Curtis, G.P., Kohler, M., Kannappan, R., Briggs, M.A., and Day-Lewis, F.D., 2015, Upscaling of U (VI) desorption and transport from decimeter‐scale heterogeneity to plume‐scale modeling: Technical Report DOE-USGS--SC0003681, 18 p.","productDescription":"18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-063776","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311452,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1170615"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Naturita","otherGeospatial":"San Miguel River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.85185241699219,\n 37.98858671553364\n ],\n [\n -108.27919006347655,\n 37.98858671553364\n ],\n [\n -108.27919006347655,\n 38.43799313099272\n ],\n [\n -108.85185241699219,\n 38.43799313099272\n ],\n [\n -108.85185241699219,\n 37.98858671553364\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1bde4b0c2e071a99ba8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Gary P. 0000-0003-3975-8882 gpcurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3975-8882","contributorId":2346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"gpcurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kohler, Matthias mkohler@usgs.gov","contributorId":2624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"Matthias","email":"mkohler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kannappan, Ramakrishnan rkannappan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kannappan","given":"Ramakrishnan","email":"rkannappan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157355,"text":"70157355 - 2015 - An environmental survey of Serpentine Hot Springs: Geology, hydrology, geochemistry, and microbiology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:56:32","indexId":"70157355","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":273,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/BELA/NRR—2015/1019","title":"An environmental survey of Serpentine Hot Springs: Geology, hydrology, geochemistry, and microbiology","docAbstract":"Serpentine Hot Springs is the most visited site in the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve. The hot springs have traditionally been used by the Native people of the Seward Peninsula for religious, medicinal and spiritual purposes and continue to be used in many of the same ways by Native people today. The hot springs are also popular with non-Native users from Nome and other communities, recreational users and pilots from out of the area, and hunters and hikers.
","largerWorkTitle":"US Park Service","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., Hasselbach, L., Ingebritsen, S.E., Skorupa, D., McCleskey, R.B., and McDermott, T.R., 2015, An environmental survey of Serpentine Hot Springs: Geology, hydrology, geochemistry, and microbiology: Natural Resource Report NPS/BELA/NRR—2015/1019, Report: xii, 90 p.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 90 p.","ipdsId":"IP-056340","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341050,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2224027"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula, Serpentine Hot Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -169.87060546875,\n 64.00486735371551\n ],\n [\n -160.9716796875,\n 64.00486735371551\n ],\n [\n -160.9716796875,\n 67.82583637985663\n ],\n [\n -169.87060546875,\n 67.82583637985663\n ],\n [\n -169.87060546875,\n 64.00486735371551\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426bce4b0e541a03e9606","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hasselbach, Linda","contributorId":147827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hasselbach","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skorupa, Dana","contributorId":147828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skorupa","given":"Dana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6765,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McDermott, Timothy R.","contributorId":147829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDermott","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6765,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70157372,"text":"70157372 - 2015 - Adaptive harvest management for the Svalbard population of pink-footed geese: 2015 progress summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:46:42","indexId":"70157372","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":296,"text":"Technical Report from DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"64","title":"Adaptive harvest management for the Svalbard population of pink-footed geese: 2015 progress summary","docAbstract":"This document describes progress to date on the development of an adaptive harvest management strategy for maintaining the Svalbard population of pink‐footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus) near their agreed target level (60,000) by providing for sustainable harvests in Norway and Denmark. This report provides an assessment of the most recent monitoring information (1991-2014) and its implications for the harvest management strategy, and it is an update of an initial assessment for 2013-2015 (see http://pinkfootedgoose.aewa.info/). By combining varying hypotheses about survival and reproduction, a suite of nine models have been developed that represent a wide range of possibilities concerning the extent to which demographic rates are density dependent or independent. Current updated model weights suggest little evidence for density-dependent survival and reproduction, suggesting that the population may have recently experienced a release from density-dependent mechanisms, corresponding to the period of most rapid growth in population size. The optimal harvest strategy for the 2013–2015 hunting seasons prescribed a harvest quota of 15,000 per year. The harvest in the 2014 hunting season was 14,991, compared to 11,081 in 2013, mostly due to an increase in harvest in Denmark during January 2015. The percentage of young in the fall of 2014 was 10.3%, which is lower than average. The observed population size of 59,000 in May 2015 was much lower than expected. For the 2015 hunting season, observed population size and temperature days suggest that an emergency closure should be considered. In the event a harvest of 15,000 is maintained, predicted population size in May 2016 is 51,700 (95% CL: 41,600-64,300), based on observed TempDays = 9 in May 2015 and the most recent model weights. On the other hand, if the season were closed this year, we would expect a population size of 66,700 (95% CL: 53,600-82,900) in May 2016. A total harvest of 6,700 would be expected to result in a 2016 population size at goal (i.e., 60,000).","largerWorkTitle":"Danish Centre for Environment and Energy","language":"English","publisher":"Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy","collaboration":"Aarhus University, Denmark","usgsCitation":"Johnson, F.A., and Madsen, J., 2015, Adaptive harvest management for the Svalbard population of pink-footed geese: 2015 progress summary: Technical Report from DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy 64, Report: v, 24 p.","productDescription":"Report: v, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-066789","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308358,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pinkfootedgoose.aewa.info/node/193"}],"country":"Denmark, Norway","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[12.69001,55.60999],[12.08999,54.80001],[11.04354,55.36486],[10.90391,55.77995],[12.3709,56.11141],[12.69001,55.60999]]],[[[10.91218,56.45862],[10.6678,56.08138],[10.36999,56.19001],[9.64998,55.47],[9.92191,54.9831],[9.28205,54.83087],[8.52623,54.96274],[8.12031,55.51772],[8.08998,56.54001],[8.25658,56.80997],[8.54344,57.11],[9.42447,57.17207],[9.77556,57.44794],[10.58001,57.73002],[10.54611,57.21573],[10.25,56.89002],[10.36999,56.60998],[10.91218,56.45862]]],[[[28.16555,71.18547],[31.29342,70.45379],[30.00544,70.18626],[31.10108,69.55808],[29.39958,69.15692],[28.59193,69.06478],[29.01557,69.76649],[27.73229,70.16419],[26.17962,69.8253],[25.68921,69.09211],[24.73568,68.64956],[23.66205,68.89125],[22.35624,68.84174],[21.24494,69.37044],[20.64559,69.10625],[20.02527,69.06514],[19.87856,68.40719],[17.99387,68.56739],[17.72918,68.01055],[16.76888,68.01394],[16.10871,67.30246],[15.10841,66.19387],[13.55569,64.78703],[13.91991,64.44542],[13.57192,64.04911],[12.57994,64.06622],[11.93057,63.12832],[11.99206,61.80036],[12.63115,61.29357],[12.30037,60.11793],[11.46827,59.43239],[11.02737,58.85615],[10.35656,59.46981],[8.382,58.31329],[7.04875,58.07888],[5.66584,58.58816],[5.30823,59.66323],[4.99208,61.971],[5.9129,62.61447],[8.55341,63.45401],[10.52771,64.48604],[12.35835,65.87973],[14.76115,67.81064],[16.43593,68.56321],[19.18403,69.81744],[21.37842,70.25517],[23.02374,70.20207],[24.54654,71.0305],[26.37005,70.98626],[28.16555,71.18547]]],[[[24.72412,77.85385],[22.49032,77.44493],[20.72601,77.67704],[21.41611,77.93504],[20.8119,78.25463],[22.88426,78.45494],[23.28134,78.07954],[24.72412,77.85385]]],[[[18.25183,79.70175],[21.54383,78.95611],[19.02737,78.5626],[18.47172,77.82669],[17.59441,77.63796],[17.1182,76.80941],[15.91315,76.77045],[13.76259,77.38035],[14.66956,77.73565],[13.1706,78.02493],[11.22231,78.8693],[10.44453,79.65239],[13.17077,80.01046],[13.71852,79.66039],[15.14282,79.67431],[15.52255,80.01608],[16.99085,80.05086],[18.25183,79.70175]]],[[[25.44763,80.40734],[27.40751,80.05641],[25.92465,79.51783],[23.02447,79.40001],[20.07519,79.56682],[19.89727,79.84236],[18.46226,79.85988],[17.36802,80.3189],[20.45599,80.59816],[21.90794,80.35768],[22.91925,80.65714],[25.44763,80.40734]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Denmark\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426bce4b0e541a03e9604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madsen, Jesper","contributorId":9950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"Jesper","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189608,"text":"70189608 - 2015 - Refinements to the Graves and Pitarka (2010) Broadband Ground Motion Simulation Method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:17:34","indexId":"70189608","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refinements to the Graves and Pitarka (2010) Broadband Ground Motion Simulation Method","docAbstract":"This brief article describes refinements to the Graves and Pitarka (2010) broadband ground motion simulation methodology (GP2010 hereafter) that have been implemented in version 14.3 of the SCEC Broadband Platform (BBP). The updated version of our method on the current SCEC BBP is referred to as GP14.3. Our simulation technique is a hybrid approach that combines low-‐frequency and high-‐frequency motions computed with different methods into a single broadband response. The separate low-‐ and high-‐frequency components have traditionally been called “deterministic” and “stochastic”, respectively; however, this nomenclature is an oversimplification. In reality, the low-‐frequency approach includes many stochastic elements, and likewise, the high-‐frequency approach includes many deterministic elements (e.g., Pulido and Kubo, 2004; Hartzell et al., 2005; Liu et al., 2006; Frankel, 2009; Graves and Pitarka, 2010; Mai et al., 2010). While the traditional terminology will likely remain in use by the broader modeling community, in this paper we will refer to these using the generic terminology “low-‐frequency” and “high-‐ frequency” approaches. Furthermore, one of the primary goals in refining our methodology is to provide a smoother and more consistent transition between the low-‐ and high-‐ frequency calculations, with the ultimate objective being the development of a single unified modeling approach that can be applied over a broad frequency band. GP2010 was validated by modeling recorded strong motions from four California earthquakes. While the method performed well overall, several issues were identified including the tendency to over-‐predict the level of longer period (2-‐5 sec) motions and the effects of rupture directivity. The refinements incorporated in GP14.3 are aimed at addressing these issues with application to the simulation of earthquakes in Western US (WUS). These refinements include the addition of a deep weak zone (details in following section) to the rupture characterization and allowing perturbations in the correlation of rise time and rupture speed with the specified slip distribution. Additionally, we have extended the parameterization of GP14.3 so that it is also applicable for simulating Eastern North America (ENA) earthquakes. This work has been guided by the comprehensive set of validation studies described in Goulet and Abrahamson (2014) and Dreger et al. (2014). The GP14.3 method shows improved performance relative to GP2010, and we direct the interested reader to Dreger et al. (2014) for a detailed assessment of the current methodology. In this paper, we concentrate on describing the modifications in more detail, and also discussing additional refinements that are currently being developed.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220140101","usgsCitation":"Graves, R., and Arben Pitarka, 2015, Refinements to the Graves and Pitarka (2010) Broadband Ground Motion Simulation Method: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 1, p. 75-80, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140101.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"80","ipdsId":"IP-059617","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1409997","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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