Numerical models of coastal sediment transport are increasingly used to address problems ranging from remediation of contaminated sediments, to siting of sewage outfalls and disposal sites, to evaluating impacts of coastal development. They are also used as a test bed for sediment-transport algorithms, to provide realistic settings for biological and geochemical models, and for a variety of other research, both fundamental and applied. However, there are few full-featured, publicly available coastal sediment-transport models, and fewer still that are well tested and have been widely applied.
This was the motivation for a workshop in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, on June 22–23, 2000, that explored the establishment of community models for coastal sediment-transport processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/00EO00363","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, C.R., Signell, R.P., Harris, C.K., and Butman, B., 2000, Workshop discusses community models for coastal sediment transport: Eos Science News, v. 81, no. 43, https://doi.org/10.1029/00EO00363.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"502","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. 0000-0003-0682-9613 rsignell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-9613","contributorId":140906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, Courtney K.","contributorId":19620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6708,"text":"Virginia Institute of Marine Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185754,"text":"70185754 - 2000 - Engineering geology considerations for park planning, Antelope Island State Park, Davis County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T16:24:30","indexId":"70185754","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":190,"text":"Miscellaneous Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"title":"Engineering geology considerations for park planning, Antelope Island State Park, Davis County, Utah","docAbstract":"Report: 00-1
In the mid-1980s, historically high levels of Great Salt Lake caused damage to park facilities on Antelope Island and destroyed the causeway linking the park to the mainland. Information on the engineering geology of Antelope Islandcan be used to improve park facilities and reduce the risk from geologic hazards and poor construction conditions. Certain characteristics of the geologic environment need to be considered in park planning. During wet cycles, Great Salt Lake may reach static levels of 4,217 feet (1,285.3 m), and wave- and wind-elevated levels locally may reach 6.5 feet (2 m) higher. A probabilistic assessment of the earthquake ground-shaking hazard along the Wasatch Front indicates that peak ground accelerations of approximately 0.20 to 0.30 g have a one-in-ten chance of being exceeded in 50 years on the island. A slope-failure hazard exists locally in colluvial and Lake Bonneville deposits, along the modern shore, and beneath cliffs. Flash-flood and debris-flow hazards exist on alluvial fans. Areas in the southern two-thirds of the island may have a relatively high potential for radon emission. Particular soil types on the island may be expansive, compressible, erodible, impermeable, or susceptible to liquefaction or hydrocompaction. The distribution of most geologic hazards can be defined, and many locations on the island have conditions suitable for construction. Lacustrine sand and gravel deposits are wide-spread and have engineering characteristics that are generally favorable for foundations. However, facilities and roads built close to the modern shoreline may be susceptible to lake flooding and erosion, slope failures, shallow ground water, and burial by active sand dunes. Well-graded (poorly sorted) alluvial-fan deposits are generally most suitable for wastewater disposal, although they may be subject to flooding or be underlain by low-permeability, fine-grained lacustrine deposits.
Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) KAIKO dives north of Oahu Island, Hawaii, and on the lower south rift zone of Loihi Seamount revealed diverse flow morphologies of submarine lava that correlate with slope and rate of lava delivery. Steep to moderate (>10°) slopes are covered with elongate pillows and narrow pahoehoe streams; bulbous pillows and smooth pahoehoe lobes occur on flat areas and gentle slopes. Some gentle slopes are covered by lobate sheet flows that supply pillow flows. Smooth pahoehoe lobes change upslope into lobate sheets, indicating that the sheets form by coalescence and inflation of successively emplaced flow lobes. Many pahoehoe flows contain hollow, tumuli-like lobes that have inflated and collapsed. Thin crusts (4-20 cm) and large volumes (0.7-1050 m 3 ) of such inflated lobes suggest lava supply rates of 0.01-8 m 3 /min. These calculated supply rates are more than one order of magnitude larger than those for subaerial tumuli in Iceland. Thinner viscoelastic layers of subaqueous lobes at the time of inflation allowed higher excess pressures and expansion rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<503:SLFLOO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Umino, S., Lipman, P.W., and Obata, S., 2000, Subaqueous lava flow lobes, observed on ROV dives off Hawaii: Geology, v. 28, no. 6, p. 503-506, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<503:SLFLOO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"506","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.34118652343747,\n 18.8543103618898\n ],\n [\n -154.9017333984375,\n 18.8543103618898\n ],\n [\n -154.9017333984375,\n 19.186677697957833\n ],\n [\n -155.34118652343747,\n 19.186677697957833\n ],\n [\n -155.34118652343747,\n 18.8543103618898\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.994384765625,\n 21.71357649998363\n ],\n [\n -157.730712890625,\n 21.71357649998363\n ],\n [\n -157.730712890625,\n 21.861498734372567\n ],\n [\n -157.994384765625,\n 21.861498734372567\n ],\n [\n -157.994384765625,\n 21.71357649998363\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Umino, Susumu","contributorId":42773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Umino","given":"Susumu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obata, Sumie","contributorId":219708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obata","given":"Sumie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24207,"text":"ofr00140 - 2000 - Field estimates of gravity terrain corrections and Y2K-compatible method to convert from gravity readings with multiple base stations to tide- and long-term drift-corrected observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:20:53.67921","indexId":"ofr00140","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-140","title":"Field estimates of gravity terrain corrections and Y2K-compatible method to convert from gravity readings with multiple base stations to tide- and long-term drift-corrected observations","docAbstract":"Gravity observations are directly made or are obtained from other sources by the U.S. Geological Survey in order to prepare maps of the anomalous gravity field and consequently to interpret the subsurface distribution of rock densities and associated lithologic or geologic units. Observations are made in the field with gravity meters at new locations and at reoccupations of previously established gravity \"stations.\" This report illustrates an interactively-prompted series of steps needed to convert gravity \"readings\" to values that are tied to established gravity datums and includes computer programs to implement those steps. Inasmuch as individual gravity readings have small variations, gravity-meter (instrument) drift may not be smoothly variable, and acommodations may be needed for ties to previously established stations, the reduction process is iterative. Decision-making by the program user is prompted by lists of best values and graphical displays.\n\nNotes about irregularities of topography, which affect the value of observed gravity but are not shown in sufficient detail on topographic maps, must be recorded in the field. This report illustrates ways to record field notes (distances, heights, and slope angles) and includes computer programs to convert field notes to gravity terrain corrections.\n\nThis report includes approaches that may serve as models for other applications, for example: portrayal of system flow; style of quality control to document and validate computer applications; lack of dependence on proprietary software except source code compilation; method of file-searching with a dwindling list; interactive prompting; computer code to write directly in the PostScript (Adobe Systems Incorporated) printer language; and high-lighting the four-digit year on the first line of time-dependent data sets for assured Y2K compatibility.\n\nComputer source codes provided are written in the Fortran scientific language. In order for the programs to operate, they first must be converted (compiled) into an executable form on the user's computer. Although program testing was done in a UNIX (tradename of American Telephone and Telegraph Company) computer environment, it is anticipated that only a system-dependent date-and-time function may need to be changed for adaptation to other computer platforms that accept standard Fortran code.d del iliscipit volorer sequi ting etue feum zzriliquatum zzriustrud esenibh ex esto esequat.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00140","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Plouff, D., 2000, Field estimates of gravity terrain corrections and Y2K-compatible method to convert from gravity readings with multiple base stations to tide- and long-term drift-corrected observations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-140, Report: i, 35 p.; Programs TAR: 1 .rar file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00140.","productDescription":"Report: i, 35 p.; Programs TAR: 1 .rar file","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1618,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281405,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0140/programs.tar"},{"id":53346,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0140/pdf/of00-140.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155520,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0140/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f59c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plouff, Donald","contributorId":94657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plouff","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22239,"text":"ofr2000150 - 2000 - Update and revisions for Open-File Report 98-624, synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) leachate chemistry data for solid mine-waste composite samples from the Silverton and Leadville districts in Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21770,"text":"ofr98624 - 1998 - EPA method 1312 (synthetic precipitation leaching procedure); leachate chemistry data for solid mine waste composite samples from Silverton and Leadville, Colorado","indexId":"ofr98624","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"EPA method 1312 (synthetic precipitation leaching procedure); leachate chemistry data for solid mine waste composite samples from Silverton and Leadville, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":22239,"text":"ofr2000150 - 2000 - Update and revisions for Open-File Report 98-624, synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) leachate chemistry data for solid mine-waste composite samples from the Silverton and Leadville districts in Colorado","indexId":"ofr2000150","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Update and revisions for Open-File Report 98-624, synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) leachate chemistry data for solid mine-waste composite samples from the Silverton and Leadville districts in Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr2000150","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-150","title":"Update and revisions for Open-File Report 98-624, synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) leachate chemistry data for solid mine-waste composite samples from the Silverton and Leadville districts in Colorado","docAbstract":"This report supersedes, revises, and updates information and data previously released in Open-File Report 98-624 (Montour and others, 1998). Data for this report were derived from leaching of mine-waste composite samples using a modification of E.P. A. Method 1312, Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP). In 1997, members of the U.S. Geological Survey Mine Waste Characterization Project collected four mine-waste composite samples from mining districts near Silverton, Colorado (MAY and YUK), and near Leadville, Colorado (VEN and SUN). This report presents analytical results from these sites.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000150","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hageman, P.L., Desborough, G.A., Lamothe, P.J., and Theodorakos, P.M., 2000, Update and revisions for Open-File Report 98-624, synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) leachate chemistry data for solid mine-waste composite samples from the Silverton and Leadville districts in Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-150, i, 16 p.; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000150.","productDescription":"i, 16 p.; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9099,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ebd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hageman, Philip L. 0000-0002-3440-2150 phageman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-2150","contributorId":811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"Philip","email":"phageman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Desborough, George A.","contributorId":101661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":187734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Theodorakos, Peter M. ptheodor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodorakos","given":"Peter","email":"ptheodor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5510,"text":"fs10800 - 2000 - National land cover dataset","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5509,"text":"fs13699 - 1999 - National land cover dataset","indexId":"fs13699","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"National land cover dataset"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5510,"text":"fs10800 - 2000 - National land cover dataset","indexId":"fs10800","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"National land cover dataset"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-28T10:53:26.138336","indexId":"fs10800","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"108-00","title":"National land cover dataset","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, has produced a land cover dataset for the conterminous United States on the basis of 1992 Landsat thematic mapper imagery and supplemental data. The National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) is a component of the USGS Land Cover Characterization Program. The seamless NLCD contains 21 categories of land cover information suitable for a variety of State and regional applications, including landscape analysis, land management, and modeling nutrient and pesticide runoff. The NLCD is distributed by State as 30-meter resolution raster images in an Albers Equal-Area map projection.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs10800","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, National land cover dataset (Supersedes FS-136-99): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 108-00, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10800.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":32081,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0108/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0108/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":108,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Supersedes FS-136-99","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6983b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185209,"text":"70185209 - 2000 - Forces dictating colloidal interactions between viruses and soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T14:36:46","indexId":"70185209","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forces dictating colloidal interactions between viruses and soil","docAbstract":"The fate and transport of viruses in soil and aquatic environments were studied with respect to the different forces involved in the process of sorption of these viruses on soil particles. In accordance with the classical DLVO theory, we have calculated the repulsive electrostatic forces and the attractive van der Waals forces. Bacteriophages have been used as model sorbates, while different clays have been used as model sorbents. The equations used for the determination of the change in free energy for the process (ΔG) takes into consideration the roughness of the sorbent surfaces. Results indicate that attractive van der Waals forces predominate the process of sorption of the selected bacteriophages on clays.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00519-6","usgsCitation":"Chattopadhyay, S., and Puls, R.W., 2000, Forces dictating colloidal interactions between viruses and soil: Chemosphere, v. 41, no. 8, p. 1279-1286, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00519-6.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"1279","endPage":"1286","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba420e4b0849ce97dc776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chattopadhyay, Sandip","contributorId":189404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chattopadhyay","given":"Sandip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Puls, Robert W.","contributorId":93814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puls","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22046,"text":"ofr00134 - 2000 - Preliminary model of the pre-Tertiary basement rocks beneath Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, based on analysis of gravity and magnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:19:06.752778","indexId":"ofr00134","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-134","title":"Preliminary model of the pre-Tertiary basement rocks beneath Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, based on analysis of gravity and magnetic data","docAbstract":"The Environmental Restoration Program of the U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office, was developed to investigate the possible consequences to the environment of 40 years of nuclear testing on the Nevada Test Site. The majority of the tests were detonated underground, introducing contaminants into the ground-water system (Laczniak and others, 1996). An understanding of the ground-water flow paths is necessary to evaluate the extent of ground-water contamination. This report provides information specific to Yucca Flat on the Nevada Test Site.
\nCritical to understanding the ground-water flow beneath Yucca Flat is an understanding of the subsurface geology, particularly the structure and distribution of the pre-Tertiary rocks, which comprise both the major regional aquifer and aquitard sequences (Winograd and Thordarson, 1975; Laczniak and others, 1996). Because the pre-Tertiary rocks are not exposed at the surface of Yucca Flat their distribution must be determined through well logs and less direct geophysical methods such as potential field studies.
\nIn previous studies (Phelps and others, 1999; Phelps and Mckee, 1999) developed a model of the basement surface of the Paleozoic rocks beneath Yucca Flat and a series of normal faults that create topographic relief on the basement surface.
\nIn this study the basement rocks and structure of Yucca Flat are examined in more detail using the basement gravity anomaly derived from the isostatic gravity inversion model of Phelps and others (1999) and high-resolution magnetic data, as part of an effort to gain a better understanding of the Paleozoic rocks beneath Yucca Flat in support of groundwater modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00134","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy (Interagency Agreement DE-AI08-96NV11967)","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G., McKee, E.H., Sweetkind, D., and Langenheim, V., 2000, Preliminary model of the pre-Tertiary basement rocks beneath Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, based on analysis of gravity and magnetic data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-134, Report: 11 p., Figures 1-5, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00134.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p., Figures 1-5","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153315,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00134.jpg"},{"id":110066,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25679.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25679"},{"id":1210,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281177,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0134/pdf/of00-134_fig2.pdf"},{"id":281179,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0134/pdf/of00-134_fig5.pdf"},{"id":281176,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0134/pdf/of00-134_fig1.pdf"},{"id":281178,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0134/pdf/of00-134_figs3and4.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD27","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Flat","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.259899,36.874883 ], [ -116.259899,37.260118 ], [ -115.87497,37.260118 ], [ -115.87497,36.874883 ], [ -116.259899,36.874883 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, Geoffrey A.","contributorId":17262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoffrey A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":186837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweetkind, D.","contributorId":83645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":186839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":23834,"text":"ofr00128 - 2000 - Solar electric power for instruments at remote sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-16T12:37:52","indexId":"ofr00128","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-128","title":"Solar electric power for instruments at remote sites","docAbstract":"Small photovoltaic (PV) systems are the preferred method to power instruments operating at permanent locations away from the electric power grid. The low-power PV power system consists of a solar panel or small array of panels, lead-acid batteries, and a charge controller.
\nEven though the small PV power system is simple, the job of supplying power at a remote site can be very demanding. The equipment is often exposed to harsh conditions. The site may be inaccessible part of the year or difficult and expensive to reach at any time. Yet the system must provide uninterrupted power with minimum maintenance at low cost. This requires good design. Successful small PV systems often require modifications by a knowledgeable fieldworker to adapt to conditions at the site.
\nMuch information is available in many places about solar panels, lead-acid batteries, and charging systems but very little of it applies directly to low power instrument sites. The discussion here aims to close some of the gap. Each of the major components is described in terms of this application with particular attention paid to batteries. Site problems are investigated. Finally, maintenance and test procedures are given.
\nThis document assumes that the reader is engaged in planning or maintaining low-power PV sites and has basic electrical and electronic knowledge. The area covered by the discussion is broad. To help the reader with the many terms and acronyms used, they are shown in bold when first used and a glossary is provided at the end of the paper.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00128","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"McChesney, P., 2000, Solar electric power for instruments at remote sites: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-128, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00128.","productDescription":"71 p.","numberOfPages":"71","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281171,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0128/pdf/of00-128.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5eda7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McChesney, P.J.","contributorId":29470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McChesney","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189019,"text":"70189019 - 2000 - Comment on RamaRao et al. [1995] and LaVenue et al. [1995]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T17:15:33","indexId":"70189019","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comment on RamaRao et al. [1995] and LaVenue et al. [1995]","title":"Comment on RamaRao et al. [1995] and LaVenue et al. [1995]","docAbstract":"A method for stochastic modeling of groundwater flow systems using a combination of pilot point parameterization and conditional simulation was presented by RamaRao et. al [1995] and LaVenue et. al [1995]. (We will collectively term these two papers RLMM and term the method developed in RLMM the CS method here.) RLMM (pp. 478-479) state that the CS method is intended to provide a frequency distribution of possible alternative spatial transmissivity T distributions that (1) are statistically similar to the observed T distribution, (2) are equally likely given the calibration data, and (3) closely reproduce the measured pressures. The frequency distribution of transmissivities is then used to form frequency distribution of derived functions, such as travel times, which are summarized in the form of uncertainty measures, such as (RLMM, p. 512) \"confidence (or tolerance) intervals,\" on the actual values, which in the case of travels times, are values that could occur sometime in the future (RLMM, p.513).
Cooley [2000] analyzes the RLMM method using linearization and bootstrap theory and concludes that that the method can yield accurate uncertainty estimates but only under some limited circumstances. In this comment we use Cooley's analysis to critique the method. We also identify and discuss some statements made my by RLMM about model calibration and their methodology that appear to be misleading.
It is unusual to comment on a paper so long after publication. Subsequent work has expanded the method of RLMM, and the method was used advantageously in the testing documented by Zimmerman et. al [1998], so it is clear the method has significant strengths. We go back to the 1995 papers for this comment, however, because they display most clearly the methodological difficulties with which we are concerned.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900174","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., and Hill, M.C., 2000, Comment on RamaRao et al. [1995] and LaVenue et al. [1995]: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 9, p. 2795-2797, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900174.","productDescription":"3 p. ","startPage":"2795","endPage":"2797","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c9e4b0d1f9f0506806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70126200,"text":"70126200 - 2000 - Mercury in Long Island Sound sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:27:42","indexId":"70126200","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-19T11:54:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in Long Island Sound sediments","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) concentrations were measured in 394 surface and core samples from Long Island Sound (LIS). The surface sediment Hg concentration data show a wide spread, ranging from <50 ppb Hg in eastern LIS to >600 ppb Hg in westernmost LIS. Part of the observed range is related to variations in the bottom sedimentary environments, with higher Hg concentrations in the muddy depositional areas of central and western LIS. A strong residual trend of higher Hg values to the west remains when the data are normalized to grain size. Relationships between a tracer for sewage effluents (C. perfringens) and Hg concentrations indicate that between 0-50 % of the Hg is derived from sewage sources for most samples from the western and central basins. A higher percentage of sewage-derived Hg is found in samples from the westernmost section of LIS and in some local spots near urban centers. The remainder of the Hg is carried into the Sound with contaminated sediments from the watersheds and a small fraction enters the Sound as in situ atmospheric deposition. The Hg-depth profiles of several cores have well-defined contamination profiles that extend to pre-industrial background values. These data indicate that the Hg levels in the Sound have increased by a factor of 5-6 over the last few centuries, but Hg levels in LIS sediments have declined in modern times by up to 30 %. The concentrations of C. perfringens increased exponentially in the top core sections which had declining Hg concentrations, suggesting a recent decline in Hg fluxes that are unrelated to sewage effluents. The observed spatial and historical trends show Hg fluxes to LIS from sewage effluents, contaminated sediment input from the Connecticut River, point source inputs of strongly contaminated sediment from the Housatonic River, variations in the abundance of Hg carrier phases such as TOC and Fe, and focusing of sediment-bound Hg in association with westward sediment transport within the Sound.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Varekamp, J., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., Mecray, E., and Kreulen, B., 2000, Mercury in Long Island Sound sediments: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 613-626.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"626","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294219,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4300074"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut;New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.827,40.7578 ], [ -73.827,41.3293 ], [ -72.0244,41.3293 ], [ -72.0244,40.7578 ], [ -73.827,40.7578 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541d459ee4b0f68901ec30c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varekamp, J.C.","contributorId":56006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varekamp","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mecray, E.I.","contributorId":81814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mecray","given":"E.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kreulen, B.","contributorId":48741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreulen","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70126197,"text":"70126197 - 2000 - Late-stage development of the Bryant Canyon turbidite pathway on the Louisiana continental slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T15:49:51","indexId":"70126197","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-19T11:24:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Late-stage development of the Bryant Canyon turbidite pathway on the Louisiana continental slope","docAbstract":"GLORIA sidescan imagery, multibeam bathymetry, seismic profiles, and piston cores (3–5 m penetration) reveal the near-surface geology of the Bryant Canyon turbidite pathway on the continental margin of Louisiana. This pathway extends from the continental shelf edge, across the continental slope, to a deep-sea fan on the continental rise. The pathway is narrow (<2 km) where it crosses shallow salt deposits. Turbidites have been sampled from these narrow segments, and radiocarbon dates indicate that some of them accumulated as recently as 10,150 yr B.P. The pathway broadens however, where it crosses mini-basins whose floors are covered largely by muddy mass-transport deposits and coarse silt turbidites. Mass-transport deposits in the upper 4.7 m of cores from the floors of mini-basins accumulated 18,140-3,400 yr. BP. Seismic profiles show that the mass-transport deposits in some of the mini-basins are as much as 225 milliseconds thick and that turbidites in the basin floor are buried by these deposits. Salt movement has had a major impact on this pathway, and its thalweg no longer has a continuous down-slope gradient. Some mini-basin floors along the pathway are now more than 500 m deeper than their basin’s spill point. We propose a 6-stage conceptual model to explain our observations for the evolution of a mini-basin along this turbidite pathway. In this model, an active channel feeds sand to a mini-basin (Stabe B). Once the mini-basin is filled, the sand deposit is entrenched by a bypass channel (Stage C). When the turbidite system shuts off, salt migration oversteepens the mini-basin walls (Stage D) which collapse and create a layer of mass-transport deposits on the mini-basin floor (Stage E). The depositional succession is capped by a layer of highstand hemipelagic drape (Stage F). The Bryant Canyon turbidite pathway provides a recent example of a large turbidite pathway in the Gulf of Mexico that crosses an area of active salt tectonics thus providing a conceptual model for older systems in similar settings. In Bryant Canyon, thick turbidite sands presumably are found in mini-basins however, they are sealed by thick, fine-grained, mass-transport deposits which terminate mini-basin turbidite deposition cycles. The importance of mass-transport deposits in basins along this turbidite pathway is in startling contrast to the Trinity-Brazos pathway whose shallow subsurface expression is virtually free of mass-transport deposits and has undergone minimal deformation by salt movement.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-water reservoirs of the world : Gulf Coast Section Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Foundation, 20th annual Bob F. Perkins Research Conference, December 3-6, 2000, Houston, Texas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Write Enterprise","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D.C., Nelson, H., and Damuth, J.E., 2000, Late-stage development of the Bryant Canyon turbidite pathway on the Louisiana continental slope, in Deep-water reservoirs of the world : Gulf Coast Section Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Foundation, 20th annual Bob F. Perkins Research Conference, December 3-6, 2000, Houston, Texas, p. 1032-1044.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1032","endPage":"1044","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294216,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541d459de4b0f68901ec30ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Hans","contributorId":46942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hans","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Damuth, John E.","contributorId":11963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damuth","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70126185,"text":"70126185 - 2000 - Stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Selenga Delta Accommodation Zone, Lake Baikal Rift, Siberia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-27T14:54:27","indexId":"70126185","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-19T09:12:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2037,"text":"International Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Selenga Delta Accommodation Zone, Lake Baikal Rift, Siberia","docAbstract":"Seismic reflection profiles from the Lake Baikal Rift reveal extensive details about the sediment thickness, structural geometry and history of extensional deformation and syn-rift sedimentation in this classic continental rift. The Selenga River is the largest single source of terrigenous input into Lake Baikal, and its large delta sits astride the major accommodation zone between the Central and South basins of the lake. Incorporating one of the world's largest lacustrine deltas, this depositional system is a classic example of the influence of rift basin structural segmentation on a major continental drainage. More than 3700 km of deep basin-scale multi-channel seismic reflection (MCS) data were acquired during the 1989 Russian and the 1992 Russian–American field programs. The seismic data image most of the sedimentary section, including pre-rift basement in several localities. The MCS data reveal that the broad bathymetric saddle between these two major half-graben basins is underlain by a complex of severely deformed basement blocks, and is not simply a consequence of long-term deltaic deposition. Maximum sediment thickness is estimated to be more than 9 km in some areas around the Selenga Delta. Detailed stratigraphic analyses of the Selenga area MCS data suggest that modes of deposition have shifted markedly during the history of the delta. The present mode of gravity- and mass-flow sedimentation that dominates the northern and southern parts of the modern delta, as well as the pronounced bathymetric relief in the area, are relatively recent developments in the history of the Lake Baikal Rift. Several episodes of major delta progradation, each extending far across the modern rift, can be documented in the MCS data. The stratigraphic framework defined by these prograding deltaic sequences can be used to constrain the structural as well as depositional evolution of this part of the Baikal Rift. An age model has been established for this stratigraphy, by tying the delta sequences to the site of the Baikal Drilling Project 1993 Drill Hole. Although the drill hole is only 100 m deep, and the base of the cores is only ∼670 ka in age, ages were extrapolated to deeper stratigraphic intervals using the Reflection-Seismic-Radiocarbon method of Cohen et al. (1993). The deep prograding delta sequences now observed in the MCS data probably formed in response to major fluctuations in sediment supply, rather than in response to shifts in lake level. This stratigraphic framework and age model suggest that the deep delta packages developed at intervals of approximately 400 ka and may have formed as a consequence of climate changes affiliated with the northern hemisphere glaciations. The stratigraphic analysis also suggests that the Selenga Basin and Syncline developed as a distinct depocentre only during the past ∼2–3 Ma.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s005310000095","usgsCitation":"Scholz, C., and Hutchinson, D.R., 2000, Stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Selenga Delta Accommodation Zone, Lake Baikal Rift, Siberia: International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 89, no. 2, p. 212-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s005310000095.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"228","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Lake Baikal Rift","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 104.9,52.29 ], [ 104.9,55.65 ], [ 113.1,55.65 ], [ 113.1,52.29 ], [ 104.9,52.29 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"89","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541d45a7e4b0f68901ec310a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholz, C.A.","contributorId":76810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholz","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185741,"text":"70185741 - 2000 - The age of scarplike landforms from diffusion-equation analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T16:09:33.969312","indexId":"70185741","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"19","title":"The age of scarplike landforms from diffusion-equation analysis","docAbstract":"The purpose of this paper is to review developments in the quantitative modeling of fault-scarp geomorphology, principally those since 1980. These developments utilize diffusionequation mathematics, in several different forms, as the basic model of fault-scarp evolution. Because solutions to the general diffusion equation evolve with time, as we expect faultscarp morphology to evolve with time, the model solutions carry information about the age of the structure and thus its time of formation; hence the inclusion of this paper in this volume. The evolution of fault-scarp morphology holds a small but special place in the much larger class of problems in landform evolution. In general, landform evolution means the evolution of topography as a function of both space and time. It is the outcome of the competition among those tectonic processes that make topography, erosive processes that destroy topography, and depositional processes that redistribute topography. Deposition and erosion can always be coupled through conservation-of-mass relations, but in general deposition occurs at great distance from the source region of detritus. Moreover, erosion is an inherently rough process whereas deposition is inherently smooth, as is evident from even casual inspection of shaded-relief, digital-elevation maps (e.g., Thelin and Pike, 1990; Simpson and Anders, 1992) and the current fascination with fractal representations oferoding terrains (e.g., Huang and Turcotte, 1989; Newman and Turcotte, 1990). Nevertheless, large-scale landform-evolution modeling, now a computationally intensive, advanced numerical exercise, is generating ever more realistic landforms (e.g., Willgoose and others, 1991a,b; Kooi and Beaumont, 1994; Tucker and Slingerland, 1994), although many of the rate coefficients remain poorly prescribed
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary geochronology: Methods and applications v. 4","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/RF004p0313","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., 2000, The age of scarplike landforms from diffusion-equation analysis, chap. 19 of Quaternary geochronology: Methods and applications v. 4, v. 4, p. 313-338, https://doi.org/10.1029/RF004p0313.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"338","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7632e4b0ee37af29e4aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C. 0000-0003-0928-0056 thanks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0056","contributorId":3065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","email":"thanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70125358,"text":"70125358 - 2000 - A review of the geologic framework of the Long Island Sound Basin, with some observations relating to postglacial sedimentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T16:40:01","indexId":"70125358","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-16T13:09:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of the geologic framework of the Long Island Sound Basin, with some observations relating to postglacial sedimentation","docAbstract":"Most of the papers in this thematic section present regional perspectives that build on more than 100 years of geologic investigation in Long Island Sound. When viewed collectively, a common theme emerges in these works. The major geologic components of the Long Island Sound basin (bedrock, buried coastal-plain strata, recessional moraines, glacial-lake deposits, and the remains of a large marine delta) interact with the water body to affect the way the modern sedimentary system functions.
Previous work, along with our present knowledge of the geologic framework of the Long Island Sound basin, is comprehensively reviewed with this theme in mind. Aspects of the crystalline bedrock, and the deltaic deposits associated with glacial Lake Connecticut, are examined with respect to their influence on sedimentation along the Connecticut coast and in the northern and western Sound. We also discuss the influence of the glacial drift that mantles the coastal-plain remnant along the north shore of Long Island and in the southern Sound.
A total of approximately 22.7 billion m3 of marine sediment has accumulated in the Long Island Sound basin. A significant portion (44%) of the fine-grained marine section in the central and western basins was redistributed there from the eastern Sound, as tidal scour removed slightly over 5 billion m3 (5.3 X 1012 kg) of fine material from glacial lake and early-marine deposits east of the Connecticut River. The remainder of the estimated 1.2 X 1013 kg of fine-grained marine sediment that now resides in the central and western Sound can be accounted for by riverine input over the past 13.5 ka.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Lewis, R., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 2000, A review of the geologic framework of the Long Island Sound Basin, with some observations relating to postglacial sedimentation: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 522-532.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"532","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293965,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://journals.fcla.edu/jcr/article/view/80857"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.826969,40.757828 ], [ -73.826969,41.329272 ], [ -72.024425,41.329272 ], [ -72.024425,40.757828 ], [ -73.826969,40.757828 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195120e4b091c7ffc8e57b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Ralph S.","contributorId":9288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Ralph S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DiGiacomo-Cohen, Mary L. 0000-0003-2384-8912 mdicohen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2384-8912","contributorId":2527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo-Cohen","given":"Mary","email":"mdicohen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70125330,"text":"70125330 - 2000 - Sea-floor environments within Long Island Sound: A regional overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:10:22","indexId":"70125330","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-16T11:44:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-floor environments within Long Island Sound: A regional overview","docAbstract":"Modern sea-floor sedimentary environments within the glaciated, topographically complex Long Island Sound estuary have been interpreted and mapped from an extensive collection of sidescan sonographs, bottom samples, and video-camera observations together with supplemental bathymetric, marine-geologic, and bottom-current data. Four categories of environments are present that reflect the dominant long-term processes of erosion or nondeposition; coarsegrained bedload transport; sediment sorting and reworking; and fine-grained deposition. (1) Environments of erosion or nondeposition contain exposures of glacial drift, coarse lag deposits, and possibly bedrock and include sediments which range from boulder fields to gravelly coarse-to-medium sands. (2) Environments of coarse-grained bedload transport are mantled by sand ribbons and sand waves and contain mostly coarse-to-fine sands with only small amounts of mud. (3) Environments of sediment sorting and reworking comprise both uniform and heterogeneous sediment types and contain variable amounts of fine sand and mud. (4) Environments of fine-grained deposition are blanketed by muds and sandy muds.
\nThe patchy distribution of sedimentary environments within Long Island Sound reflects both regional and local changes in bottom processes. Regional changes are primarily the result of a strong, east-to-west decreasing gradient of bottom tidal-current speeds, coupled with the net (westward) estuarine bottom drift. The regional current regime has produced a westward succession of environments along the basin floor beginning with erosion or nondeposition at the narrow eastern entrance to the Sound, changing to an extensive area of coarse-grained bedload transport, passing into a contiguous band of sediment sorting, and ending with broad areas of fine-grained deposition in the central and western Sound. However, local changes in processes are superimposed on the regional conditions within the central and western parts of the basin and along the nearshore margins. Within the central and western basin, localized sedimentary environments are produced where the bottom flow is enhanced by, and interacts with, the bottom topography, whereas along the nearshore margins, they variously reflect wave-produced currents, the irregular bathymetry, the indented shoreline, and the proximal supply of sediments.
\nResults from this study (1) confirm the high trapping efficiency of fine-grained sediments in the Sound, (2) suggest that fine-grained sediments accumulate at an average (regional) rate of 0.08 g/cm2/y , and (3) indicate that the postglacial delta in the eastern Sound was a significant source of fine-grained sediments now buried beneath depositional areas.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H.J., and Poppe, L., 2000, Sea-floor environments within Long Island Sound: A regional overview: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 533-550.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"533","endPage":"550","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293942,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/view/4300069"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.827,40.7578 ], [ -73.827,41.3293 ], [ -72.0244,41.3293 ], [ -72.0244,40.7578 ], [ -73.827,40.7578 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195153e4b091c7ffc8e832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, Harley J.","contributorId":25930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"Harley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70125319,"text":"70125319 - 2000 - Evaluation of remote-sensing techniques to measure decadal-scale changes of Hofsjokull ice cap, Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T10:16:37","indexId":"70125319","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-16T10:25:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of remote-sensing techniques to measure decadal-scale changes of Hofsjokull ice cap, Iceland","docAbstract":"Dynamic surficial changes and changes in the position of the firn line and the areal extent of Hofsjökull ice cap, Iceland, were studied through analysis of a time series (1973–98) of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) and Landsat data. A digital elevation model of Hofsjökull, which was constructed using SAR interferometry, was used to plot the SAR backscatter coefficient (\u0001\u0001σ°) vs elevation and air temperature along transects across the ice cap. Seasonal and daily σ° patterns are caused by freezing or thawing of the ice-cap surface, and abrupt changes in σ° are noted when the air temperature ranges from ∼−5° to 0°C. Late-summer 1997 σ° (SAR) and reflectance (Landsat) boundaries agree and appear to be coincident with the firn line and a SAR σ° boundary that can be seen in the January 1998 SAR image. In January 1994 through 1998, the elevation of this σ° boundary on the ice capwas quite stable, ranging from 1000 to 1300 m, while the equilibrium-line altitude, as measured on the ground, varied considerably. Thus the equilibrium line may be obscured by firn from previous years. Techniques are established to measure long-term changes in the elevation of the firn line and changes in the position of the ice margin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3189/172756500781833061","usgsCitation":"Hall, D., Williams, R., Barton, J., Sigurdsson, O., Smith, L., and Garvin, J., 2000, Evaluation of remote-sensing techniques to measure decadal-scale changes of Hofsjokull ice cap, Iceland: Journal of Glaciology, v. 46, no. 154, p. 375-388, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756500781833061.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"388","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756500781833061","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","otherGeospatial":"Hofsjokull ice cap","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -18.8487,64.8072 ], [ -18.8487,64.8262 ], [ -18.7847,64.8262 ], [ -18.7847,64.8072 ], [ -18.8487,64.8072 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","issue":"154","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195130e4b091c7ffc8e67d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, D.K.","contributorId":84506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, R.S. Jr.","contributorId":46102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barton, J.S.","contributorId":54905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sigurdsson, O.","contributorId":30156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigurdsson","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, L.C.","contributorId":88561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garvin, J.B.","contributorId":37652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garvin","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70125315,"text":"70125315 - 2000 - Last interglacial reef growth beneath Belize barrier and isolated platform reefs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T16:51:08.205212","indexId":"70125315","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-16T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Last interglacial reef growth beneath Belize barrier and isolated platform reefs","docAbstract":"We report the first radiometric dates (thermal-ionization mass spectrometry) from late Pleistocene reef deposits from offshore Belize, the location of the largest modern reef complex in the Atlantic Ocean. The results presented here can be used to explain significant differences in bathymetry, sedimentary facies, and reef development of this major reef area, and the results are significant because they contribute to the knowledge of the regional geology of the eastern Yucatán. The previously held concept of a neotectonically stable eastern Yucatán is challenged. The dates indicate that Pleistocene reefs and shallow-water limestones, which form the basement of modern reefs in the area, accumulated ca. 125–130 ka. Significant differences in elevation of the samples relative to present sea level (>10 m) have several possible causes. Differential subsidence along a series of continental margin fault blocks in combination with variation in karstification are probably the prime causes. Differential subsidence is presumably related to initial extension and later left-lateral movements along the adjacent active boundary between the North American and Caribbean plates. Increasing dissolution toward the south during Pleistocene sea-level lowstands is probably a consequence of higher precipitation rates in mountainous southern Belize.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<387:LIRGBB>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gischler, E., Lomando, A.J., Hudson, J., and Holmes, C.W., 2000, Last interglacial reef growth beneath Belize barrier and isolated platform reefs: Geology, v. 28, no. 5, p. 387-390, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<387:LIRGBB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"390","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doc.rero.ch/record/13985/files/PAL_E998.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":293906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Belize","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.23,15.89 ], [ -89.23,18.5 ], [ -87.49,18.5 ], [ -87.49,15.89 ], [ -89.23,15.89 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195144e4b091c7ffc8e752","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gischler, Eberhard","contributorId":49285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gischler","given":"Eberhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lomando, Anthony J.","contributorId":79817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lomando","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, J. Harold","contributorId":54897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"J. Harold","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70124921,"text":"70124921 - 2000 - Modern pollen deposition in Long Island Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:30:05","indexId":"70124921","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-12T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern pollen deposition in Long Island Sound","docAbstract":"Palynological analyses of 20 surface sediment samples collected from Long Island Sound show a pollen assemblage dominated by Carya, Betula, Pinus, Quercus, Tsuga, and Ambrosia, as is consistent with the regional vegetation. No trends in relative abundance of these pollen types occur either from west to east or associated with modern riverine inputs throughout the basin. Despite the large-scale, long-term removal of fine-grained sediment from winnowed portions of the eastern Sound, the composition of the pollen and spore component of the sedimentary matrix conforms to a basin-wide homogeneous signal. These results strongly support the use of select regional palynological boundaries as chronostratigraphic tools to provide a framework for interpretation of the late glacial and Holocene history of the Long Island Sound basin sediments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Beuning, K.R., Fransen, L., Nakityo, B., Mecray, E.L., and Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., 2000, Modern pollen deposition in Long Island Sound: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 656-662.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"656","endPage":"662","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293806,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://journals.fcla.edu/jcr/article/view/80870"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.827,40.7578 ], [ -73.827,41.3293 ], [ -72.0244,41.3293 ], [ -72.0244,40.7578 ], [ -73.827,40.7578 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b22e4b082fed288b929","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beuning, Kristina R.M.","contributorId":70306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beuning","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fransen, Lindsey","contributorId":23081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fransen","given":"Lindsey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nakityo, Berna","contributorId":89812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakityo","given":"Berna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mecray, Ellen L.","contributorId":50887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mecray","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70205226,"text":"70205226 - 2000 - Modeling residual aquifer-system compaction--Constraining the vertical hydraulic diffusivity of thick aquitards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-10T09:27:55","indexId":"70205226","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-08T03:33:06","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling residual aquifer-system compaction--Constraining the vertical hydraulic diffusivity of thick aquitards","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Land Subsidence","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Sixth International Symposium on Land Subsidence","conferenceDate":"September 24-29, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Ravenna, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council of Italy","usgsCitation":"Sneed, M., Pavelko, M.T., and Galloway, D.L., 2000, Modeling residual aquifer-system compaction--Constraining the vertical hydraulic diffusivity of thick aquitards, in Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Land Subsidence, v. 2, Ravenna, Italy, September 24-29, 2000, p. 343-353.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sneed, Michelle 0000-0002-8180-382X micsneed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-382X","contributorId":155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneed","given":"Michelle","email":"micsneed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavelko, Michael T. 0000-0002-8323-3998 mpavelko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-3998","contributorId":2321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavelko","given":"Michael","email":"mpavelko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24088,"text":"ofr0055 - 2000 - Application of a sediment-transport model to evaluate the effect of streambed-management practices on flood levels and streambed elevations at selected sites in Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T21:25:39.821258","indexId":"ofr0055","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-55","title":"Application of a sediment-transport model to evaluate the effect of streambed-management practices on flood levels and streambed elevations at selected sites in Vermont","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0055","usgsCitation":"Olson, S.A., 2000, Application of a sediment-transport model to evaluate the effect of streambed-management practices on flood levels and streambed elevations at selected sites in Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-55, iv, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0055.","productDescription":"iv, 92 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":53250,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0055/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414510,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23441.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0055/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.919,\n 44.919\n ],\n [\n -72.919,\n 44.55\n ],\n [\n -72.45,\n 44.55\n ],\n [\n -72.45,\n 44.919\n ],\n [\n -72.919,\n 44.919\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67abc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24754,"text":"ofr0038 - 2000 - Chemical data and lead isotopic compositions of geochemical baseline samples from streambed sediments and smelter slag, lead isotopic compositions in fluvial tailings, and dendrochronology results from the Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:29:26","indexId":"ofr0038","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-38","title":"Chemical data and lead isotopic compositions of geochemical baseline samples from streambed sediments and smelter slag, lead isotopic compositions in fluvial tailings, and dendrochronology results from the Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana","docAbstract":"As a part of the U.S. Geological Survey Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative, metal-mining related wastes in the Boulder River study area in northern Jefferson County, Montana, have been evaluated for their environmental effects. The study area includes a 24-km segment of the Boulder River in and around Basin, Montana and three principal tributaries to the Boulder River: Basin Creek, Cataract Creek, and High Ore Creek. Mine and prospect waste dumps and mill wastes are located throughout the drainage basins of these tributaries and in the Boulder River. Mine-waste material has been transported into and down streams, where it has mixed with and become incorporated into the streambed sediments. In some localities, mine waste material was placed directly in stream channels and was transported downstream forming fluvial tailings deposits along the stream banks. Water quality and aquatic habitat have been affected by trace-element-contaminated sediment that moves from mine wastes into and down streams during snowmelt and storm runoff events within the Boulder River watershed.
Present-day trace element concentrations in the streambed sediments and fluvial tailings have been extensively studied. However, in order to accurately evaluate the impact of mining on the stream environments, it is also necessary to evaluate the pre-mining trace-element concentrations in the streambed sediments. Three types of samples have been collected for estimation of pre-mining concentrations: 1) streambed sediment samples from the Boulder River and its tributaries located upstream from historical mining activity, 2) stream terrace deposits located both upstream and downstream of the major tributaries along the Boulder River, and 3) cores through sediment in overbank deposits, in abandoned stream channels, or beneath fluvial tailings deposits. In this report, we present geochemical data for six stream-terrace samples and twelve sediment-core samples and lead isotopic data for six terrace and thirteen core samples. Sample localities are in table 1 and figures 1 and 2, and site and sample descriptions are in table 2.
Geochemical data have been presented for cores through fluvial tailings on High Ore Creek, on upper Basin Creek, and on Jack Creek and Uncle Sam Gulch. Geochemical and lead isotopic data for modern streambed-sediment samples have been presented by Fey and others.
Lead isotopic determinations in bed sediments have been shown to be an effective tool for evaluating the contributions from various sources to the metals in bed sediments. However, in order to make these calculations, the lead isotopic compositions of the contaminant sources must also be known. Consequently, we have determined the lead isotopic compositions of five streambed-sediment samples heavily contaminated with fluvial mine waste immediately downstream from large mines in the Boulder River watershed in order to determine the lead isotopic signatures of the contaminants. Summary geochemical data for the contaminants are presented here and geochemical data for the streambed-sediment samples are given by Fey and others.
Downstream from the Katie mill site and Jib tailings, fluvial deposits of mill tailings are present on a 10-m by 50-m bar in the Boulder River below the confluence with Basin Creek. The source of these tailings is not known, but fluvial tailings are also present immediately downstream from the Katie mill site, which is immediately upstream from the confluence with Basin Creek. Nine cores of fluvial tailings from this bar were analyzed.
Dendrochronology samples were taken at several stream terrace localities to provide age control on the stream terrace deposits. Trees growing on the surfaces of stream terraces provide a minimum age for the terrace deposits, although floods subsequent to the trees' growth could have deposited post-mining overbank deposits around the trees. Historical data were also used to provide estimates of minimum ages of cultural features and to bracket the age of events.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0038","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Unruh, D., Fey, D.L., and Church, S.E., 2000, Chemical data and lead isotopic compositions of geochemical baseline samples from streambed sediments and smelter slag, lead isotopic compositions in fluvial tailings, and dendrochronology results from the Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-38, Report: i, 75 p.; 11 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0038.","productDescription":"Report: i, 75 p.; 11 Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":102,"text":"Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340574,"rank":11,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0038/ofr20000038_table9.xls","text":"Table 9","size":"17 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 9","linkHelpText":"- Dendrochronology results from selected sites, Boulder River watershed, Montana"},{"id":340575,"rank":12,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0038/ofr20000038_tableA1.xlsx","text":"Table A1","size":"15.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table A1","linkHelpText":"- PB isotopic compositions of geochemical baseline samples from streambed sediments and smelter slag, lead isotopic compositions in fluvial tailings, and dendrochronology results from the Boulder Rover watershed. Jefferspm Coungy Montana"},{"id":340568,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0038/ofr20000038_table3.xls","text":"Table 3","size":"71 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 3","linkHelpText":"- Major and trace element data from total digestions of stream terrace and core samples of sediments, Boulder River, Montana"},{"id":340569,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0038/ofr20000038_table4.xls","text":"Table 4","size":"24.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 4","linkHelpText":"- Lead Isotopic data from streambed sediments in stream terrace deposits and core samples, Boulder River watershed, Montana"},{"id":340573,"rank":10,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0038/ofr20000038_table8.xls","text":"Table 8","size":"17.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 8","linkHelpText":"- Statistical summary of ore-related trace-element concentrations in sampled mine wasted, Boulder River watershed, Montana"},{"id":340576,"rank":13,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0038/ofr20000038_tableA2.xls","text":"Table A2","size":"21 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table A2","linkHelpText":"- Lead isotopic compositions in NIST standards SRM 2704, SRM 2709, SRM 2710, and SRM 2711"},{"id":341928,"rank":14,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0038/"},{"id":339782,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0038/ofr20000038_table1.xls","text":"Table 1","size":"102 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 1","linkHelpText":"- - Sample localities of stream terrace and core samples, smelter slag, and sampled mine wastes, Boulder River watershed, Montana"},{"id":339783,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0038/ofr20000038_table2.xls","text":"Table 2","size":"47.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 2","linkHelpText":"- Site and sample descriptions of stream terrace and core samples of bed sediments, Boulder River watershed, Montana"},{"id":340572,"rank":9,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0038/ofr20000038_table7.xls","text":"Table 7","size":"17.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 7","linkHelpText":"- Major and trace element data from the Bullion Smelter slag sample, Jack Creek drainage, Boulder "},{"id":340570,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0038/ofr20000038_table5.xls","text":"Table 5","size":"27 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 5","linkHelpText":"- Major and trace element data from total digestions of fluvial tailings deposited on a bar in the Boulder River, Boulder River watershed, Montana"},{"id":340571,"rank":8,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0038/ofr20000038_table6.xls","text":"Table 6","size":"19.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 6","linkHelpText":"- Lead Isotopic data from fluvial tailings and contaminated streambed-sediment samples from the Boulder River watershed, Montana River watershed, Montana "},{"id":158256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0038/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53781,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0038/OFR-00-038.pdf","text":"Report","size":"874 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2000-0038"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":" Boulder River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.4066162109375,\n 46.2\n ],\n [\n -111.79412841796875,\n 46.2\n ],\n [\n -111.79412841796875,\n 46.5720787149159\n ],\n [\n -112.4066162109375,\n 46.5720787149159\n ],\n [\n -112.4066162109375,\n 46.2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 973
Denver, CO 80225
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314