Test drilling and geologic data indicate that there are two potential aquifers in the Belcourt, N. Dak. area capable of supplying a sufficient quantity of ground water for the city of Belcourt. The Fox Hills aquifer, located about 3 miles (4.8 kilometres) west of Belcourt, could yield a sufficient quantity, as much as 500,000 gallons per day (1,900 cubic metres per day), of ground water for Belcourt, but the quality is unsuitable for a public supply. The Shell Valley aquifer, located about 5 miles (8 kilometres) southwest of Belcourt, appears to contain the quantity and quality of ground water required for the city of Belcourt municipal supply.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Bismarck, ND","doi":"10.3133/ofr75104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Public Health Service","usgsCitation":"Randich, P., 1975, Ground-water availability in the Belcourt area, Rolette County, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-104, Report: iv, 36 p.; 2 Plates: 31.93 x 31.27 inches and 33.24 x 17.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75104.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 36 p.; 2 Plates: 31.93 x 31.27 inches and 33.24 x 17.50 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":148573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr75104.jpg"},{"id":310407,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0104/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310408,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0104/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310406,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0104/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Rolette County","city":"Belcourt","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.80083465576172,\n 48.805167591409095\n ],\n [\n -99.80083465576172,\n 48.86460183609278\n ],\n [\n -99.69938278198241,\n 48.86460183609278\n ],\n [\n -99.69938278198241,\n 48.805167591409095\n ],\n [\n -99.80083465576172,\n 48.805167591409095\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randich, P.G.","contributorId":69953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randich","given":"P.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14663,"text":"ofr75250 - 1975 - Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Ketchikan area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-18T20:56:19.121311","indexId":"ofr75250","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-250","title":"Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Ketchikan area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards","docAbstract":"The Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964, dramatically emphasized the need for engineering geologic studies of urban areas in seismically active regions. A reconnaissance study of the Ketchikan area in southeastern Alaska is part of a program to evaluate earthquake and other geologic hazards in most of the larger Alaska coastal communities. These evaluations in the Ketchikan area should provide broad guidelines useful in city and land-use planning.
Ketchikan, which had a population of approximately 7,000 in 1970, is built on the southwestern end of Revillagigedo Island along the northeastern coastline of Tongass Narrows. Altitudes reach 1,000 feet (305 m) within half a mile (0.8 km) of the coast and near-vertical cliffs characterize the terrain in places. The climate is predominantly marine. Average precipitation is approximately 152 inches (386 cm).
The Ketchikan area was covered by glacier ice at least once and probably several times during the Pleistocene Epoch. The present topography, characterized by elongate lakes, U-shaped valleys, fiords, inlets, and passages, clearly reflects the effects of glaciation. The presence of emergent marine deposits, at least 300 feet (91 m) above sea level, shows that the land has been uplifted relative to sea level since the last deglaciation of the region.
Bedrock is exposed or is near the surface throughout most of the mapped area. The bedrock consists chiefly of metamorphic rocks. In a few places these rocks have been intruded by igneous rocks. Exposed metamorphic rocks are mostly thinly foliated schists and phyllites, metamorphosed to greenschist facies. Foliation generally strikes northwest with moderate to steep dips to the northeast. Most of the rock is fairly competent and near-vertical cuts tend to be stable. The more indurated metamorphic rock can be used for riprap, but more durable blocks generally can be obtained from the igneous rock.
The surficial deposits have been divided into the following map units on the basis of their time of deposition, mode of origin, and grain size: (1) undifferentiated drift (Qd), (2) elevated marine deposits (Qm), (3) stream alluvium (Qa), (4) fan-delta deposits (Qf), and (5) modern beach deposits (Qb). Manmade fill (f) also is mapped as a separate unit. Muskeg, colluvium, and offshore deposits are not included as map units but are discussed in the report under the heading \"Surficial deposits (not shown on map).\" The undifferentiated drift deposits consist mostly of till or other diamictons, generally less than 25 feet (7.6 m) thick. Exposed elevated marine deposits (Qm) generally consist of sand and gravel less than 5 feet (1.5 m) thick. Stream alluvium (Qa) is chiefly sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders probably everywhere less than 15 feet (4.6 m) thick. Fan-delta deposits (Qf) consist mostly of loose sand, gravel, and boulders as much as 50 feet (15 m) thick. Modern beach deposits (Qb) are mostly loose sand and gravel generally less than 10 feet (3 m) thick. Two basically different types of manmade fill are present: (1) large fills along the waterfront, commonly 5 to 15 feet (1.5-4.6 m) thick, consisting of silt, sand, gravel, rock, and diverse other materials, and (2) fills, generally less than 10 feet (3 m) thick and consisting of sand, gravel, or crushed rock, placed inland from the waterfront and used as pads for buildings and parking areas. Fairly thick deposits of muskeg may be present in the southeastern part of the mapped area but have not been examined in the field. Colluvial deposits, locally 5 to 8 feet (1.5-2.4 m) thick, consist mostly of decomposing bedrock fragments. Offshore deposits are poorly known; near-shore loose sand and gravel rest on a sloping bedrock surface.
Southeastern Alaska lies within the circum-Pacific seismic belt that rims the northern Pacific Basin and has been tectonically active since at least early Paleozoic time. Large-scale faulting has been common. The two most prominent fault systems in southeastern Alaska and surrounding regions are (1) the Denali fault system, and (2) the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte Islands fault system. Of the two, the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte Islands fault system is the more active and of most significance in relation to the Ketchikan area. Ketchikan lies within the northwest trend of the Gravina-Nutzotin belt of fault thrusting. The trends of at least some of the linear fiords near the mapped area are controlled by faults. However, it is not known whether a major fault extends up Tongass Narrows offshore from Ketchikan.
Between 1899 and 1970, five earthquakes having magnitudes of 8 or greater occurred in or near southeastern Alaska or in adjacent offshore areas; three have occurred having magnitudes of between 7 and 8, at least eight with magnitudes of between 6 and 7, 15 with magnitudes of between 5 and 6, and about 140 have been recorded with magnitudes of less than 5 or of unassigned magnitudes. All of the earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 8, and a large proportion of the others, appear to be related to the Fair-weather-Queen Charlotte Islands fault system or to the connecting Chugach-St. Elias fault to the northwest. Within a 50-mile (80-km) radius of Ketchikan, epicenters of three earthquakes with magnitudes of 5 or less have been recorded. Within a radius of 100 miles (160 km), 10 epicenters have been recorded, two with magnitudes between 6 and 7 and eight with magnitudes of 5 or less. Although no instrumentally recorded earthquakes had epicenters in the mapped area, at least 32 earthquakes that had epicenters elsewhere were felt or possibly felt in Ketchikan. Most of these earthquakes probably had epicenters along the Queen Charlotte Islands fault.
Ketchikan is tentatively assigned by me to seismic zone 2. This is a zone in which magnitudes of the largest expectable earthquake would range from 4.5 to 6.0 and where moderate damage could be expected. Large earthquakes of magnitude 8 or greater, however, can be expected to occur from time to time along the Queen Charlotte Islands fault. Ground motion from these earthquakes, although attenuated with distance, may still be sufficiently strong at Ketchikan to cause substantial damage.
Possible future earthquake effects include: (1) land-level changes caused by local faulting or by large-scale regional deformation, (2) ground shaking, (3) compaction, (4) liquefaction, (5) subaerial and submarine sliding, (6) water-sediment ejection and ground fracturing, (7) reaction of sensitive and quick clays, and (8) effects of tsunamis, seiches, and other abnormal water waves. Although land-level changes due to local faulting are unlikely, large-scale regional deformation may cause uplift or subsidence in Ketchikan. Adverse effects would be confined mainly to the waterfront area. This area also would be most heavily damaged if Ketchikan were strongly shaken by an earthquake. Nonengineered, loose, manmade fills and fan-delta deposits in this area probably would be subject to the strongest shaking. These deposits probably also are most subject to compaction, liquefaction, sliding, and water-sediment ejection. Earthquake effects expectably would be considerably fewer and less severe for the part of Ketchikan upslope from the harbor area because bedrock is at or near the surface in large parts of the area. No sensitive clays have been identified but, if present, they probably are confined to the till and other diamicton deposits in the northeastern part of the mapped area. Tsunami waves are not expected to have a local generation source. Those arriving from a distant source, although potentially highly destructive, probably would be greatly attenuated before arriving at Ketchikan. Seiche waves may develop on lakes near the mapped area and possibly cause failure of earth-fill dams. Destructive waves generated by earthquake-induced local submarine sliding appear to be unlikely in the Ketchikan area.
Geologic hazards in the area that are not caused by earthquakes are believed to be relatively minor. They include: (1) landsliding and subaqueous sliding, and (2) flooding. Only minor landsliding has occurred in the mapped area, but the potential for sliding may increase as the city expands and heavily timbered areas are cleared, with attendant accelerated erosion and mass wasting. The greatest potential for subaqueous sliding is along the shoreline, where fairly thick fan-delta deposits rest on a sloping bedrock surface. Periodic flooding has occurred on some creeks in the mapped area and can be expected to occur from time to time in the future.
In order that more accurate evaluations of geologic hazards can be made in the future, several recommendations are made for additional studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr75250","usgsCitation":"Lemke, R., 1975, Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Ketchikan area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-250, Report: iii, 65 p.; 1 Plate: 53.36 x 18.70 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75250.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 65 p.; 1 Plate: 53.36 x 18.70 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419097,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0250/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419096,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0250/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0250/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Ketchikan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -132.1008985363706,\n 55.53989430363504\n ],\n [\n -132.1008985363706,\n 55.10963711958067\n ],\n [\n -131.2097064951564,\n 55.10963711958067\n ],\n [\n -131.2097064951564,\n 55.53989430363504\n ],\n [\n -132.1008985363706,\n 55.53989430363504\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db64462b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemke, Richard W.","contributorId":59409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"Richard W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15202,"text":"ofr75476 - 1975 - Water availability of Washington County, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:03","indexId":"ofr75476","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-476","title":"Water availability of Washington County, Alabama","docAbstract":"Large quantities of ground water and surface water are available in Washington County. Major sources of ground water are the Gosport Sand and Lisbon Formation undifferentiated, the Miocene Series undifferentiated, and alluvium and low terrace deposits. The Miocene, the most productive source of ground water, will yield 0.5 to 1.0 mgd (million gallons per day) per well and is a potential source of larger supplies in most of the county. The quantity of potable water available is governed largely by geologic structures.\r\n\r\nAverage flows of the Tombigbee and Mobile Rivers in the southeast corner of the county are 18,200 and 39,400 mgd. Average runoff originating in the county is about 1,100 mgd or 1 mgd per square mile.\r\n\r\nWater in aquifers tapped by wells generally contains less than 500 mg/l (milligrams per liter) dissolved solids. The water generally is soft to moderately hard. Water in streams is soft to moderately hard and low in dissolved solids. Estimated water use in 1966 was 43.5 mgd of which 10.9 mgd was ground water and 32.6 mgd was surface water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75476","usgsCitation":"Newton, J.G., McCain, J.F., and Turner, J.D., 1975, Water availability of Washington County, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-476, 21 leaves :col. maps ;38 cm.; (47 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75476.","productDescription":"21 leaves :col. maps ;38 cm.; (47 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0476/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44129,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0476/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44130,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0476/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44131,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0476/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newton, John G.","contributorId":22323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCain, Jerald F.","contributorId":104039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCain","given":"Jerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, James D.","contributorId":46542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":13884,"text":"ofr75149 - 1975 - Tectonic framework of petroliferous rocks in Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13884,"text":"ofr75149 - 1975 - Tectonic framework of petroliferous rocks in Alaska","indexId":"ofr75149","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Tectonic framework of petroliferous rocks in Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042931,"text":"70042931 - 1976 - Tectonic framework of petroliferous rocks in Alaska: hydrocarbons","indexId":"70042931","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Tectonic framework of petroliferous rocks in Alaska: hydrocarbons"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70042931,"text":"70042931 - 1976 - Tectonic framework of petroliferous rocks in Alaska: hydrocarbons","indexId":"70042931","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Tectonic framework of petroliferous rocks in Alaska: hydrocarbons"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-24T21:07:21.511231","indexId":"ofr75149","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-149","title":"Tectonic framework of petroliferous rocks in Alaska","docAbstract":"Alaska, comprising 3.6 X 106 sq km (about 28 percent) of the land, shelf, and upper continental slope of the United States, has been estimated by the U.S. Geological Survey (1974) to contain about 25 percent of the Nation's petroleum resources. Some 11 billion barrels of petroleum liquids and 31 trillion cubic feet of natural gas have been announced as discovered to date.
In northern Alaska, Paleozoic and Mesozoic shelf and slope deposits of the Brooks Range orogen were thrust relatively northward over the depressed south margin of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Arctic platform, upon which a foredeep (the Colville geosyncline) developed in earliest Cretaceous time. Detritus from the Brooks Range filled the foredeep and pro-graded northwest and northeast to fill the Cretaceous and Tertiary North Chukchi and Umiat-Camden basins and form the Beaufort shelf.
In southern Alaska, a series of arc-trench systems developed on oceanic rocks during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Between the arcs and the metamorphic (continental) terranes of east-central and northern Alaska, large back-arc and arc-trench gap basins received thick volcanic and detrital deposits. These deposits were extensively deformed and disrupted by mid-Jurassic to Tertiary plutonism, Laramide oroclinal bending, wrench faulting, and arc-related compression.
The Laramide events 'continentalized' the late Mesozoic back-arc basin deposits and welded them to the older continental terranes to the north and east. Subsequent sedimentation was localized and nonmarine except in onshore and offshore coastal basins, where thick mixed marine and nonmarine sections were deposited. The Aleutian arc and associated Queen Charlotte transform fault system have dominated structural and depositional patterns in southern Alaska since the early Cenozoic.
The largest petroleum reserves in Alaska (the Prudhoe Bay and associated fields) and the best prospects for additional large discoveries are in northern Alaska, where an extensive terrane is underlain by Upper Paleozoic to Tertiary carbonate and shelf, slope and delta clastic deposits. The pre-Tertiary back-arc and arc-trench gap basins in southern and interior Alaska are too intensely deformed or too low in porosity (because of diagenetic mobilization of labile constituents) to offer more than modest local prospects. The Tertiary coastal basins do, however, offer large tracts of thick marine and nonmarine clastic rocks and in some areas many large folds to exploration. Such basins are known to be petroliferous on Bristol Bay and the Gulf of Alaska and to contain major accumulations of oil and gas at Cook Inlet, but they are relatively little explored.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr75149","usgsCitation":"Grantz, A., and Kirschner, C., 1975, Tectonic framework of petroliferous rocks in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-149, i, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75149.","productDescription":"i, 29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419272,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0149/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144734,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0149/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":168570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirschner, C.E.","contributorId":81107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschner","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15281,"text":"ofr75253 - 1975 - Experimental results of atomic absorption analyses for indium and thallium in 803 nonmagnetic concentrates from Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-05T20:01:49.083783","indexId":"ofr75253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-253","title":"Experimental results of atomic absorption analyses for indium and thallium in 803 nonmagnetic concentrates from Alaska","docAbstract":"The development in the U.S. Geological Survey of rapid methods for the determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry of indium and thallium at limits of detection as low as 0.2 ppm each in geologic materials affords great advantages over spectrographic methods in studies concerned with values at or near the crustal abundances of these elements. Experimental application of the technique to the analysis of 803 nonmagnetic concentrates from Alaska showed specific disadvantages owing to the insolubility of cassiterite--one of the major sources for indium in concentrates--under the conditions of dissolution used in the preparation of samples for analysis by atomic absorption. Where nonmagnetic concentrates are used as a geochemical sample medium, and an exploration program is based on the interpretation of multi-element data, little purpose is served by independent analyses for indium and thallium.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr75253","usgsCitation":"Overstreet, W.C., Crenshaw, G.L., Hubert, A.E., Rosenblum, S., and Smith, R.J., 1975, Experimental results of atomic absorption analyses for indium and thallium in 803 nonmagnetic concentrates from Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-253, ii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75253.","productDescription":"ii, 78 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420514,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0253/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0253/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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J.","contributorId":82324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Ricke","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":14018,"text":"ofr7597 - 1975 - Data from ground magnetic survey of the Ralston Dike, Jefferson County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-05T13:36:06.800762","indexId":"ofr7597","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-97","title":"Data from ground magnetic survey of the Ralston Dike, Jefferson County, Colorado","docAbstract":"A high-quality ground magnetic survey was conducted over the Ralston dike, Jefferson County, Colorado, from September 1973 to June 1974. The data obtained on this survey are tabulated in this report.
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Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:26","indexId":"ofr75416","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-416","title":"Preliminary report on the use of LANDSAT-1 (ERTS-1) reflectance data in locating alteration zones associated with uranium mineralization near Cameron, Arizona","docAbstract":"LANDSAT-I (ERTS-I) multispectral reflectance data were used to enhance the detection of alteration around uranium deposits near Cameron, Ariz. The technique involved stretching and ratioing computer-enhanced data from which electronic noise and atmospheric haze had been removed. Using present techniques, the work proves that LANDSAT-I data are useful in detecting alteration around uranium deposits, but the method may still be improved. Bluish-gray mudstone in the target area could not be differentiated from the altered zones on the ratioed images. Further experiments involving combinations of ratioed and nonratioed data will be required to uniquely define the altered zones.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75416","usgsCitation":"Spirakis, C.S., and Condit, C.D., 1975, Preliminary report on the use of LANDSAT-1 (ERTS-1) reflectance data in locating alteration zones associated with uranium mineralization near Cameron, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-416, 20 leaves :ill., map, col. photos. ;27 cm.; (23 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75416.","productDescription":"20 leaves :ill., map, col. photos. ;27 cm.; (23 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0416/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39089,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0416/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spirakis, Charles S.","contributorId":97111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spirakis","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Condit, Christopher D.","contributorId":37328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condit","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10044,"text":"ofr75565 - 1975 - Data summary of June-July 1975 floods in eastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T14:09:08","indexId":"ofr75565","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-565","title":"Data summary of June-July 1975 floods in eastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Torrential rains during late June and early July 1975, combined with wet antecedent conditions, caused severe flooding, mainly along the lower reaches of the Sheyenne and Maple Rivers and their tributaries in North Dakota, and in the Buffalo and Wild Rice River basins in Minnesota. The Red River of the North from the Fargo-Moorhead area to the Halstad, Minnesota area was also severely flooded. Because much of the region is extremely flat, large areas of the two States were inundated by flood waters. Damage, mostly agricultural, was widespread and damage estimates exceeded a quarter of a billion dollars.
\nLocal, State, and Federal officials need factual information to evaluate, coordinate, and manage programs concerned with flood losses. The purpose of this report is to provide quickly a summary of some of the basic data collected on the June-July 1975 floods. Only a part of the information collected by the U.S. Geological Survey on the extent and magnitude of the floods is presented. This information includes the magnitude and frequency of the instantaneous maximum stages (water-surface elevations) and flow rates for 62 sites, measured sediment loads at 7 sites, and hydrographs of daily mean flow at 6 sites. Additional streamflow information associated with the floods will be provided subsequently in annual data releases of the Geological Survey. The report also describes availability of graphic or photographic data depicting the areal extent of inundation. Those data may be obtained from the Applications Assistance Branch, EROS Data Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Sioux Falls, S. Dak. 57198.
\nOnly a minimal amount of rainfall data are summarized in this report to aid in documenting the flood event. These data were provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce, and by the Minnesota State Office of Climatology. This assistance in providing the data and in reviewing the form of its presentation is appreciated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr75565","usgsCitation":"Lindskov, K., 1975, Data summary of June-July 1975 floods in eastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-565, v, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75565.","productDescription":"v, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94939,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0565/report.pdf","size":"1765","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0565/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ], [ -99.99755859375, 48.99463598353408 ], [ -99.964599609375, 48.915279853443806 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.88639177703194 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.719961222646276 ], [ -99.86572265625, 48.61112192003074 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.46563710044979 ], [ -99.68994140625, 48.356249029540706 ], [ -99.6240234375, 48.22467264956519 ], [ -99.700927734375, 48.122101028190805 ], [ -99.82177734375, 48.004625021133904 ], [ -99.99755859375, 47.98256841921402 ], [ -100.338134765625, 47.98256841921402 ], [ -100.294189453125, 47.879512933970496 ], [ -100.21728515624999, 47.82053186746053 ], [ -100.294189453125, 47.7097615426664 ], [ -100.4150390625, 47.62097541515849 ], [ -100.51391601562499, 47.53203824675999 ], [ -100.250244140625, 47.42065432071321 ], [ -100.01953125, 47.35371061951363 ], [ -99.84374999999999, 47.4355191531953 ], [ -99.766845703125, 47.60616304386874 ], [ -99.6240234375, 47.71715357016648 ], [ -99.393310546875, 47.73193447949174 ], [ -99.140625, 47.746711194756 ], [ -98.76708984374999, 47.68757916850813 ], [ -98.602294921875, 47.62097541515849 ], [ -98.4814453125, 47.47266286861342 ], [ -98.536376953125, 47.30903424774781 ], [ -98.58032226562499, 47.15236927446393 ], [ -98.45947265625, 46.965259400349275 ], [ -98.32763671875, 46.7549166192819 ], [ -98.118896484375, 46.626806395355175 ], [ -98.052978515625, 46.55886030311719 ], [ -98.19580078125, 46.430285240839964 ], [ -98.15185546874999, 46.255846818480336 ], [ -98.052978515625, 46.05036097561633 ], [ -97.943115234375, 45.91294412737392 ], [ -97.701416015625, 45.85176048817254 ], [ -97.31689453125, 45.836454050187726 ], [ -97.152099609375, 45.897654534346884 ], [ -96.96533203125, 45.897654534346884 ], [ -96.88842773437499, 45.78284835197676 ], [ -96.767578125, 45.71385093029221 ], [ -96.45996093749999, 45.67548217560647 ], [ -96.43798828125, 45.61403741135093 ], [ -96.40502929687499, 45.54483149242463 ], [ -96.15234375, 45.60635207711834 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 45.805828539928356 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 45.92822950933618 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 46.13417004624326 ], [ -95.833740234375, 46.195042108660154 ], [ -95.723876953125, 46.07323062540838 ], [ -95.49316406249999, 46.126556302418514 ], [ -95.526123046875, 46.255846818480336 ], [ -95.33935546875, 46.31658418182218 ], [ -95.284423828125, 46.52863469527167 ], [ -95.33935546875, 46.702202151643455 ], [ -95.2734375, 46.875213396722685 ], [ -95.29541015625, 47.08508535995384 ], [ -95.2734375, 47.19717795172789 ], [ -95.284423828125, 47.35371061951363 ], [ -95.25146484374999, 47.44294999517949 ], [ -95.086669921875, 47.56170075451973 ], [ -94.95483398437499, 47.60616304386874 ], [ -94.58129882812499, 47.65058757118734 ], [ -94.3505859375, 47.76148371616669 ], [ -94.19677734375, 47.857402894658236 ], [ -93.9990234375, 48.004625021133904 ], [ -94.02099609375, 48.122101028190805 ], [ -94.19677734375, 48.23199134320962 ], [ -94.33959960937499, 48.32703913063476 ], [ -94.625244140625, 48.31973404047173 ], [ -95.00976562499999, 48.34894812401375 ], [ -95.185546875, 48.34894812401375 ], [ -95.1416015625, 48.45106561953216 ], [ -95.07568359375, 48.596592251456705 ], [ -95.185546875, 48.61838518688487 ], [ -95.350341796875, 48.65468584817256 ], [ -95.372314453125, 48.741700879765396 ], [ -95.3173828125, 48.821332549646634 ], [ -95.33935546875, 48.90805939965008 ], [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679c88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindskov, K.L.","contributorId":91077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskov","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10739,"text":"ofr75636 - 1975 - The volumetric properties of aqueous sodium chloride solutions from 0 degrees to 500 degrees C at pressures up to 2000 bars based on a regression of the available literature data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:24","indexId":"ofr75636","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-636","title":"The volumetric properties of aqueous sodium chloride solutions from 0 degrees to 500 degrees C at pressures up to 2000 bars based on a regression of the available literature data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75636","usgsCitation":"Potter, R., and Brown, D.L., 1975, The volumetric properties of aqueous sodium chloride solutions from 0 degrees to 500 degrees C at pressures up to 2000 bars based on a regression of the available literature data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-636, 30 leaves ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75636.","productDescription":"30 leaves ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62ef99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potter, Robert W.","contributorId":27045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Robert W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, David L.","contributorId":55425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14604,"text":"ofr75342 - 1975 - Configuration of water table and distribution of downward leakage to the Prairie du Chien-Jordan Aquifer in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T13:02:32","indexId":"ofr75342","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-342","title":"Configuration of water table and distribution of downward leakage to the Prairie du Chien-Jordan Aquifer in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"The configuration of the water table as plotted at a contour interval of 20 feet (6 metres) on quadrangle maps (scale 1:2,500) of the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area. Control points used for mapping were water levels in wells, lakes and sloughs, and places where topographic contours cross perennial streams.
\nA computer program, using a variation of Darcy's law, was developed to determine distribution of 1) downward leakage to the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer under steady-state conditions, using estimated vertical-hydraulic conductivity values for overlying materials; 2) calculated vertical hydraulic conductivity values, assuming uniform leakage to the aquifer; and 3) additional leakage to the aquifer resulting from increased pumpage during the summer. For data determination and data input to the computer program, the area was gridded into units of 1-minute longitude by 1-minute latitude, about 600 acres (243 hectares) per unit.
\nPrevious work estimated the increased summer pumpage (1971) of ground water to be 127 million gallons (481x106 litres) per day. Calculations, made Within the limits of governing assumptions, indicate that 10 to 20 percent of increased summer pumpage is derived from increased leakage. Most of the remainder is probably from captured natural discharge and induced recharge from major streams within the influence of summer cones of depression.
\nBased on available data and estimates of vertical hydraulic conductivity for geologic units, major leakage to the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer is indicated to occur in formation subcrop areas, especially where these areas are. overlain by the most permeable glacial drift.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr75342","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Council of the Twin Cities Area","usgsCitation":"Larson-Higdem, D.C., Larson, S.P., and Norvitch, R.F., 1975, Configuration of water table and distribution of downward leakage to the Prairie du Chien-Jordan Aquifer in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-342, Document: viii, 33 p.; 24 Plates: 19.24 x 23.66 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75342.","productDescription":"Document: viii, 33 p.; 24 Plates: 19.24 x 23.66 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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