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Here we explore the spatial organization of lake districts through the concept of landscape position, a concept that considers lakes longitudinally along gradients of geomorphology and hydrology. We analyzed long-term chemical and biological data from nine lake chains (lakes in a series connected through surface or groundwater flow) from seven lake districts of diverse hydrologic and geomorphic settings across North America. Spatial patterns in lake variables driven by landscape position were surprisingly common across lake districts and across a wide range of variables. On the other hand, temporal patterns of lake variables, quantified using synchrony, the degree to which pairs of lakes exhibit similar dynamics through time, related to landscape position only for lake chains with lake water residence times that spanned a wide range and were generally long (close to or greater than 1 year). Highest synchrony of lakes within a lake chain occurred when lakes had short water residence times. Our results from both the spatial and temporal analyses suggest that certain features of the landscape position concept are robust enough to span a wide range of seemingly disparate lake types. The strong spatial patterns observed in this analysis, and some unexplained patterns, suggest the need to further study these scales and to continue to view lake ecosystems spatially, longitudinally, and broadly across the landscape.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s100219900089","usgsCitation":"Soranno, P.A., Webster, K.E., Riera, J., Kratz, T.K., Baron, J., Bukaveckas, P.A., Kling, G., White, D.S., Caine, N., Lathrop, R.C., and Leavitt, P.R., 1999, Spatial variation among lakes within landscapes: Ecological organization along lake chains: Ecosystems, v. 2, no. 5, p. 395-410, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900089.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"410","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/42434>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":325540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5793444ce4b0eb1ce79e8c15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soranno, Patricia A.","contributorId":172104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soranno","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webster, Katherine E.","contributorId":147903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webster","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riera, Joan L.","contributorId":173066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riera","given":"Joan L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kratz, Timothy K.","contributorId":173067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kratz","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bukaveckas, Paul A.","contributorId":173068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bukaveckas","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kling, George","contributorId":120446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kling","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"White, David S.","contributorId":173069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Caine, Nel","contributorId":169277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caine","given":"Nel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lathrop, Richard C","contributorId":172075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lathrop","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Leavitt, Peter R.","contributorId":173070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leavitt","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":24224,"text":"ofr9948 - 1999 - Stable isotope data and AMS 14C dates from Arctic Ocean Section 1994 surface sediment transect and box core samples from the Mendeleyev Ridge area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:05","indexId":"ofr9948","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-48","title":"Stable isotope data and AMS 14C dates from Arctic Ocean Section 1994 surface sediment transect and box core samples from the Mendeleyev Ridge area","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9948","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Poore, R., Ostermann, D., and McGeehin, J., 1999, Stable isotope data and AMS 14C dates from Arctic Ocean Section 1994 surface sediment transect and box core samples from the Mendeleyev Ridge area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-48, 17 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9948.","productDescription":"17 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0048/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53358,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4930","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostermann, D.R.","contributorId":22197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostermann","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGeehin, J. P. 0000-0002-5320-6091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":48593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21718,"text":"ofr99146 - 1999 - Data report for seismic refraction surveys conducted from 1980 to 1982 in the Livermore Valley and the Santa Cruz Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-13T21:14:12.268608","indexId":"ofr99146","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-146","title":"Data report for seismic refraction surveys conducted from 1980 to 1982 in the Livermore Valley and the Santa Cruz Mountains, California","docAbstract":"We provide documentation for two seismic refraction profiles acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey in the San Francisco Bay area between 1980 and 1982 in Livermore Valley and the Santa Cruz Mountains. We also include the waveforms and travel times from five aftershocks of the April 1980 Livermore earthquake that were recorded on temporary seismic stations and that have not been published. Although seismic refraction profiles from the 1980 Livermore study have been published, none of the other data for this experiment, including shot times and locations, receiver locations, data quality, and travel times, have been reported. Similarly, such data from the 1981 to 1982 seismic refraction survey in the Santa Cruz Mountains included here have not been published. The first-arrival travel times from these profiles are reported in the hope that they can be used for three-dimensional velocity models in the San Francisco Bay area, particularly for the Livermore Valley and Santa Cruz Mountains.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99146","usgsCitation":"Williams, A.J., Brocher, T.M., Mooney, W.D., and Boken, A., 1999, Data report for seismic refraction surveys conducted from 1980 to 1982 in the Livermore Valley and the Santa Cruz Mountains, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-146, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99146.","productDescription":"61 p.","numberOfPages":"79","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"1982-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51245,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0146/pdf/of99-146.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0146/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1161,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":411920,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16295.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Livermore Valley, Santa Cruz Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.25,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25,\n              37.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd53cce4b0b290850f55c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Angela J.","contributorId":36008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boken, Annette","contributorId":61703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boken","given":"Annette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":24407,"text":"ofr9961 - 1999 - Summary of data collected for the Demonstration Erosion Control Project in the Yazoo River basin, north-central Mississippi, October 1996-September 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:16","indexId":"ofr9961","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-61","title":"Summary of data collected for the Demonstration Erosion Control Project in the Yazoo River basin, north-central Mississippi, October 1996-September 1997","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9961","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Runner, M.S., and Roberts, B.A., 1999, Summary of data collected for the Demonstration Erosion Control Project in the Yazoo River basin, north-central Mississippi, October 1996-September 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-61, iv, 24 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9961.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0061/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53496,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0061/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699331","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runner, Michael S. msrunner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runner","given":"Michael","email":"msrunner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":191872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Bruce A.","contributorId":24812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23966,"text":"ofr9962 - 1999 - Rainfall and runoff-hydrograph data for selected small basins in Montana, 1992-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr9962","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-62","title":"Rainfall and runoff-hydrograph data for selected small basins in Montana, 1992-97","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9962","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Morgan, T., and Parrett, C., 1999, Rainfall and runoff-hydrograph data for selected small basins in Montana, 1992-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-62, iv, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9962.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0062/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53160,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0062/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6498ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, T.J.","contributorId":82731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21836,"text":"ofr98640 - 1999 - Geology, hydrology, and results of tracer testing in the Galena-Platteville aquifer at a waste-disposal site near Byron, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T21:12:52.818357","indexId":"ofr98640","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-640","title":"Geology, hydrology, and results of tracer testing in the Galena-Platteville aquifer at a waste-disposal site near Byron, Illinois","docAbstract":"A study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of the geohydrology of the dolomite bedrock at a waste-disposal site near Byron, Illinois. The study was designed to identify and characterize the flow pathways through the bedrock aquifer beneath the site. The geologic units of concern at the site are the Glenwood Formation of the Ancell Group, and the Platteville and Galena Groups. These deposits compose the Galena-Platteville aquifer and the underlying Harmony Hill Shale semiconfining unit. The Galena-Platteville aquifer is an unconfined aquifer.\r\nGeophysical logging, water levels, and aquifer-test data indicate the presence of interconnected, hydraulically active fractures in the middle of the Galena-Platteville aquifer (the upper flow pathway), and a second set of hydraulically active fractures (the lower flow pathway). The lower flow pathway may be present through much of the site. Few hydraulically active fractures are present in the upper part of the aquifer near the center of the site, but appear to be more numerous in the upper part of the aquifer in the western and northeastern parts of the site.\r\n\r\nWater-level data obtained during the tracer test indicate that pumping effects were present near the pumped wells. Pumping effects may have been present at several wells located along directions of identified fracture orientation from the pumped well. The upper part of the aquifer did not appear to be hydraulically well connected to the flow pathways supplying water to the pumped well. Large background changes in water levels obscured the effects of pumping and prevented calculation of aquifer properties. The velocity of the bromide tracer through the lower flow pathway under the hydraulic gradient resulting from the pumping was about 152 feet per day. Solution of the Darcy velocity equation results in a calculated effective porosity for this interval of 3.5 percent, indicating hydraulic interconnection between the fractures and the aquifer matrix. Ground-water velocity through the lower flow pathway was calculated to be 15.4 feet per day under hydrostatic conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98640","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Yeskis, D.J., Prinos, S.T., Morrow, W.S., and Vendl, M., 1999, Geology, hydrology, and results of tracer testing in the Galena-Platteville aquifer at a waste-disposal site near Byron, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-640, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98640.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":413967,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19332.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51323,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0640/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153598,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0640/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Byron","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.067,\n              42.317\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.1,\n              42.317\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.1,\n              42.283\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.067,\n              42.283\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.067,\n              42.317\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c5ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeskis, Douglas J. djyeskis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeskis","given":"Douglas","email":"djyeskis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":185896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morrow, William S. 0000-0002-2250-3165 wsmorrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2250-3165","contributorId":1886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"William","email":"wsmorrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vendl, Mark","contributorId":52604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vendl","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":32213,"text":"ofr99141 - 1999 - Geologic map of the Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton Northeast 7.5 minute quadrangles, Northwest Oregon: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-14T14:18:10.021466","indexId":"ofr99141","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-141","title":"Geologic map of the Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton Northeast 7.5 minute quadrangles, Northwest Oregon: A digital database","docAbstract":"The Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton NE 7.5 minute quadrangles are situated along the eastern margin of the Willamette Valley and adjacent lower foothills (Waldo and Silverton Hills) of the Cascade Range (Fig. 1). The terrain within this area is of low to moderate relief, ranging from 100 to more than 1000 ft above sea level. This area is largely rural, with most of the valley floor and low-relief foothills under cultivation. In the last decade, the rural areas outside the boundaries of established towns have experienced significant growth in new homes built and the expansion of housing subdivisions. This growth has placed an increased demand on existing geologic resources (e.g., groundwater, sand and gravel, crushed stone) and the need to better understand potential geologic hazards within this region.\n\nPrevious geologic mapping by Piper (1942), Peck and others (1964), Newton (1969), Hampton (1972), Miller and Orr (1984), Orr and Miller (1984), and Miller and Orr (1986, 1988) established and refined the general stratigraphic framework of this region. This mapping identified few faults or folds; earlier investigators were hindered by the lack of reliably identifiable marker horizons within the stratigraphic section. Werner (1991), using available seismic profile lines and well data in the Willamette Valley to locate the top of the Columbia River Basalt Group, was able to identify and map faults within the subsurface. Reconnaissance mapping of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) units in this region in the early 1980’s indicated that these stratigraphic units could serve as a series of unique reference horizons for identifying post-Miocene folding and faulting (Beeson and others, 1985, 1989; Beeson and Tolan, 1990).\n\nThe major emphasis of this investigation was to identify and map CRBG units within the Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton NE quadrangles and to utilize this detailed CRBG stratigraphy to identify and characterize structural features.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99141","usgsCitation":"Tolan, T., Beeson, M., and Wheeler, K.L., 1999, Geologic map of the Scotts Mills, Silverton, and Stayton Northeast 7.5 minute quadrangles, Northwest Oregon: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-141, Report: HTML document; Readme: HTML; Readme: TXT; Readme: PDF, 15 p.; Data package; All files: PS; All files: PDF; 2 Sheets: 31.50 x 34.19 inches and 41.50 x 33.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99141.","productDescription":"Report: HTML document; Readme: HTML; Readme: TXT; Readme: PDF, 15 p.; Data package; All files: PS; All files: PDF; 2 Sheets: 31.50 x 34.19 inches and 41.50 x 33.50 inches","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":108395,"rank":10,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13262"},{"id":60309,"rank":9,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/readme.html","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":3173,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284741,"rank":7,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/pdf/readme.pdf"},{"id":284742,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/intro.html"},{"id":284744,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/sssofrpdf.tar.gz"},{"id":163252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":284743,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/sssofr.tar.gz"},{"id":284746,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/pdf/stn.pdf","text":"Sheet 2"},{"id":284745,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0141/pdf/svsc.pdf","text":"Sheet 1"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Scott Mills, Silverton, Stayton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.875,44.875 ], [ -122.875,45.125 ], [ -122.625833,45.125 ], [ -122.625833,44.875 ], [ -122.875,44.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5d05e4b0b290850fadc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tolan, Terry","contributorId":55489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolan","given":"Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeson, Marvin","contributorId":102123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeson","given":"Marvin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wheeler, Karen L. kwheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Karen","email":"kwheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":207985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22721,"text":"ofr9980 - 1999 - Workplan for U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic data-collection and support activities on Fort Wainwright, Alaska, 1994-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:08","indexId":"ofr9980","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-80","title":"Workplan for U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic data-collection and support activities on Fort Wainwright, Alaska, 1994-97","docAbstract":"The U.S. Army Alaska is responsible for environmental activities on Fort Wainwright near Fairbanks, Alaska. In order to better meet the needs of environmental investigations, the Army requires geohydrologic information about the Fort Wainwright area. Since 1994, the U.S. Geological Survey has been working in cooperation with the U.S. Army Alaska and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to investigate the geohydrology of the Fort Wainwright area. The primary objectives of the study are to collect basic ground-water and surface-water data and to support ongoing environmental investigations by other agencies. This report is the workplan describing the technical methods used by the USGS to meet these objectives. It includes details on field procedures, data collection, and analyses of water samples.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9980","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Claar, D.V., and Lilly, M.R., 1999, Workplan for U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic data-collection and support activities on Fort Wainwright, Alaska, 1994-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-80, vi, 124 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.; 8 illus.; 4 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9980.","productDescription":"vi, 124 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.; 8 illus.; 4 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0080/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52173,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0080/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df672","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claar, David V.","contributorId":10068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claar","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lilly, Michael R.","contributorId":65494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilly","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38098,"text":"ofr99353 - 1999 - Seismic and tsunami hazard in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-18T21:49:38.364045","indexId":"ofr99353","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-353","title":"Seismic and tsunami hazard in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary</h1><p>Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands are located at an active plate boundary between the North American plate and the northeast corner of the Caribbean plate. The region was subject in historical times to large magnitude earthquakes and devastating tsunamis. A major downward tilt of the sea floor north of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, large submarine rockslides, and an unusually large negative gravity anomaly are also indicative of a tectonically active region. Scientists have so far failed to explain the deformation of this region in a coherent and predictable picture, such as in California, and this has hampered their ability to assess seismic and tsunami hazards in the region. The NE corner of the Caribbean is unique among the seismically-active regions of the United States in that it is mostly covered by water. This fact presents an additional challenge for seismic and tsunami hazard assessment and mitigation.</p><p>The workshop, convened in San Juan on March 23-24, 1999, was \"historic\" in that it brought together for the first time a broad spectrum of scientists, engineers, and public and private sector officials who deal with such diverse questions as tectonic models, probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard, prediction of tsunami runup, strong ground motion, building codes, stability of man-made structures, and the public’s preparedness for natural disasters. It was an opportunity for all the participants to find out how their own activity fit into the broad picture of science and how it aids society in hazard assessment and mitigation. In addition, the workshop was offered as a continuing education course at the Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrimensores de Puerto Rico, which assured a rapid dissemination of the results to the local community. A news conference which took place during the workshop alerted the public to the efforts of the USGS, other Federal agencies, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, universities and the private sector.</p><div><p>During the first day of the workshop, participants from universities, federal institutions, and consulting firms in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the continental U.S., Dominican Republic, and Europe reviewed the present<span>&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/stateknowledge.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/stateknowledge.html\">state of knowledge</a><span>&nbsp;</span>including a review and discussion of present plate models, recent GPS and seismic reflection data, seismicity, paleoseismology, and tsunamis. The state of earthquake/tsunami studies in Puerto Rico was presented by several faculty members from the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. A preliminary seismic hazard map was presented by the USGS and previous hazard maps and economic loss assessments were considered. During the second day, the participants divided into working groups and prepared specific recommendations for future activities in the region along the six following topics below. Highlights of these recommended activities are:</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/geophysicsgrp.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/geophysicsgrp.html\">Marine geology and geophysics</a><span>&nbsp;</span>– Acquire deep-penetration seismic reflection and refraction data, deploy temporary ocean bottom seismometer arrays to record earthquakes, collect high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and side scan sonar data of the region, and in particular, the near shore region, and conduct focussed high-resolution seismic studies around faults. Determine slip rates of specific offshore faults. Assemble a GIS database for available marine geological and geophysical data.</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/paleogrp.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/paleogrp.html\">Paleoseismology and active faults</a><span>&nbsp;</span>- Field reconnaissance aimed at identifying Quaternary faults and determining their paleoseismic chronology and slip rates, as well as identifying and dating paleoliquefaction features from large earthquakes. Quaternary mapping of marine terraces, fluvial terraces and basins, beach ridges, etc., to establish framework for understanding neotectonic deformation of the island. Interpretation of aerial photography to identify possible Quaternary faults.</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/jointgrp.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/jointgrp.html\">Earthquake seismology</a><span>&nbsp;</span>– Determine an empirical seismic attenuation function using observations from local seismic networks and recently-installed broad-band stations. Evaluate existing earthquake catalogs from local networks and regional stations, complete the catalogs. Transcribe the pre-1991 network data from 9-track tape onto more stable archival media. Calibrate instruments of local networks. Use GPS measurement to constrain deformation rates used in seismic-hazard maps.</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/engineering.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/engineering.html\">Engineering</a><span>&nbsp;</span>– Prepare liquefaction susceptibility maps for the urban areas. Update and improve databases for types of site conditions. Collect site effect observations and near-surface geophysical measurements for future local (urban-area) hazard maps. Expand the number of instruments in the strong motion program. Develop fragility curves for Puerto Rico construction types and details, and carry out laboratory testing on selected types of mass-produced construction. Consider tsunami design in shoreline construction projects.</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/tsunamigrp.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/tsunamigrp.html\">Tsunami hazard</a><span>&nbsp;</span>- Extract tsunami observations from archives and develop a Caribbean historical tsunami database. Analyze prehistoric tsunami deposits. Collect accurate, up-to-date, near-shore topography and bathymetry for accurate inundation models. Prepare tsunami flooding and evacuation maps. Establish a Caribbean Tsunami Warning System for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Evaluate local, regional, national, and global seismic networks and equipment, and their role in a tsunami warning system.</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/societalgrp.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/societalgrp.html\">Societal concerns</a><span>&nbsp;</span>– Prepare warning messages, protocols, and evacuation routes for earthquake, tsunami, and landslide hazards for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Advocate enforcement of existing building codes. Prepare non-technical hazard assessment maps for political and educational uses. Raise the awareness of potentially affected populations by presentations at elementary schools, by the production of a tsunami video, and by distribution of earthquake preparedness manuals in newspaper supplements. Promote partnerships at state and federal level for long-term earthquake and tsunami hazard mitigation. This partnership should also include the private sector such as the insurance industry, telecommunication companies, and the engineering community.</p><p><p>The following reports of the various working groups are the cumulative recommendations of the community of scientists, engineers, and public officials, who participated in the workshop. The list of<span>&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/appendix.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/appendix.html\">participants</a><span>&nbsp;</span>and the workshop’s<span>&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/5goalsagenda.html#agenda\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/5goalsagenda.html#agenda\">agenda</a><span>&nbsp;</span>are given in the appendix.</p><ul><li><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/geophysicsgrp.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/geophysicsgrp.html\">Marine and Geology and Geophysics Working Group</a></li><li><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/paleogrp.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/paleogrp.html\">Paleoseismology and Active Faults Working Group</a></li><li><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/jointgrp.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/jointgrp.html\">Joint Working Group for Earthquake Seismology and Engineering</a></li><li><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/tsunamigrp.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/tsunamigrp.html\">Tsunami Working Group</a></li><li><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/societalgrp.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/societalgrp.html\">Societal Concerns Working Group</a></li></ul></p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99353","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Dillon, W.P., Frankel, A.D., Mueller, C.S., and Rodriguez, R.W., 1999, Seismic and tsunami hazard in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-353, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99353.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3443,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-353/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161530,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Great Britain, United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -63.98904059646411,\n              19.001796926318605\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.35475976257551,\n              19.001796926318605\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.35475976257551,\n              17.254070937755444\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.98904059646411,\n              17.254070937755444\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.98904059646411,\n              19.001796926318605\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb91c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704397,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":218889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":218887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, Charles S. 0000-0002-1868-9710 cmueller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-9710","contributorId":955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","email":"cmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":218886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodriguez, Rafael W. rrodrigu@usgs.gov","contributorId":1685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Rafael","email":"rrodrigu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":218888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":24305,"text":"ofr9954 - 1999 - Converting contour-line data into data sets for a multilayered aquifer using a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr9954","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-54","title":"Converting contour-line data into data sets for a multilayered aquifer using a geographic information system","docAbstract":"Data sets that define the altitude of the base of basin-fill units in the west Salt River Valley were developed for the National Water-Quality Assessment program using a geographic information system. Data that define the land surface and the base of each basin-fill unit within a multilayered aquifer were compiled into a series of raster-data lattices. The lattice of each basin-fill layer was constructed using contour lines from a published hydrogeologic report. The land-surface lattice was constructed from a:250,000-scale digital elevation models of the area. The resulting raster-data set was queried to define the altitude of the base of each basin-fill unit at specified locations. Using a computer script to be run within a geographic information system, a table was produced that provided information that related the altitude of the bottom of the wells to the altitudes of the bases of the basin-fill units. A comparison of the altitude at the bottom of wells with the range in altitude between each basin-fill unit base made it possible to begin to determine the basin-fill unit in which wells were completed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9954","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Rees, J.A., 1999, Converting contour-line data into data sets for a multilayered aquifer using a geographic information system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-54, v, 29 p. :col. ill., col maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9954.","productDescription":"v, 29 p. :col. ill., col maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53418,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rees, Julia A.","contributorId":39014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24961,"text":"ofr9915 - 1999 - Selected data from eleven wildcat wells in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T13:16:28","indexId":"ofr9915","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-15","title":"Selected data from eleven wildcat wells in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska","docAbstract":"Between 1978 and 1981, the U.S. Geological Survey drilled 27 wells in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska. This publication presents the following data from eleven of those 27 wells: general information, well core images, depths to specific stratigraphic units, well core gamma ray logs in LAS format, well log information in LAS format, geological and drilling history reports in Adobe Acrobat PDF format, and permeability and porosity data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9915","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Zihlman, F.N., and Oliver, H.L., 1999, Selected data from eleven wildcat wells in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-15, 1 disk, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9915.","productDescription":"1 disk","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1926,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb9fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zihlman, F. N.","contributorId":16819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zihlman","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oliver, H. L.","contributorId":87130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23548,"text":"ofr99145 - 1999 - Data-base model specifications from digital geologic-map data bases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:02","indexId":"ofr99145","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-145","title":"Data-base model specifications from digital geologic-map data bases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99145","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, S.A., and Matti, J.C., 1999, Data-base model specifications from digital geologic-map data bases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-145, 47 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99145.","productDescription":"47 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0145/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52835,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0145/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674a59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, S. A.","contributorId":106931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matti, J. C.","contributorId":51712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":32201,"text":"ofr9960 - 1999 - Digital data used to relate nutrient inputs to water quality in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr9960","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-60","title":"Digital data used to relate nutrient inputs to water quality in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","docAbstract":"Digital data sets were compiled by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) and used as input for a collection of Spatially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes for the Chesapeake Bay region. These regressions relate streamwater loads to nutrient sources and the factors that affect the transport of these nutrients throughout the watershed. A digital segmented network based on watershed boundaries serves as the primary foundation for spatially referencing total nitrogen and total phosphorus source and land-surface characteristic data sets within a Geographic Information System. Digital data sets of atmospheric wet deposition of nitrate, point-source discharge locations, land cover, and agricultural sources such as fertilizer and manure were created and compiled from numerous sources and represent nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. Some land-surface characteristics representing factors that affect the transport of nutrients include land use, land cover, average annual precipitation and temperature, slope, and soil permeability. Nutrient input and land-surface characteristic data sets merged with the segmented watershed network provide the spatial detail by watershed segment required by the models. Nutrient stream loads were estimated for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate/nitrite, amonium, phosphate, and total suspended soilds at as many as 109 sites within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The total nitrogen and total phosphorus load estimates are the dependent variables for the regressions and were used for model calibration. Other nutrient-load estimates may be used for calibration in future applications of the models.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr9960","collaboration":"See OFR 2001-251 for version 2.0; see OFR 2004-1433 for version 3.0","usgsCitation":"Brakebill, J.W., and Preston, S.D., 1999, Digital data used to relate nutrient inputs to water quality in the Chesapeake Bay watershed (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-60, Unpaginated, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9960.","productDescription":"Unpaginated","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7897,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://md.water.usgs.gov/publications/ofr-99-60/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brakebill, John W. 0000-0001-9235-6810 jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-6810","contributorId":1061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"John","email":"jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Preston, Stephen D. 0000-0003-1515-6692 spreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-6692","contributorId":1463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Stephen","email":"spreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4886,"text":"ds54 - 1999 - Thermal maturity of sedimentary rocks in Alaska: Digital resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-10T18:50:02.414897","indexId":"ds54","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54","title":"Thermal maturity of sedimentary rocks in Alaska: Digital resources","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM is an updated re-release of three USGS publications on the thermal maturity of sedimentary rocks in Alaska: 1) Vitrinite reflectance and conodont color alteration index data from Alaska; data to accompany the thermal maturity map of Alaska; Open-File Report 92-409 (1992), version 1.1 (revised 1999), 2) Generalized thermal maturity map of Alaska; Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-2494, scale 1:2,500,000 (1996), 3) Thermal evolution of sedimentary basins in Alaska; Bulletin 2142, 131 p. 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R.","contributorId":50888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014797,"text":"1014797 - 1999 - The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-04T15:52:33.806212","indexId":"1014797","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion rainbow trout, <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>","title":"The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","docAbstract":"<p><span>A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout. Seven diets were each fed to four replicate lots of 300 first-feeding fry cultured in 75 l aluminum troughs for 8 weeks. Two basal diets were manufactured with approximately equal nutrient content, one using krill and squid meals and the other anchovy meal as the primary protein-containing ingredients. The meals used to manufacture the diets were separated into two fractions: lipid (ether-extractable); and protein/ash (non-ether-extractable) using a large soxhlet. The fractions were then recombined to create two additional diets; one containing anchovy protein/ash with krill/squid lipid, the other krill/squid protein/ash with fish lipid. A fifth diet recombined krill/squid protein/ash with krill/squid lipid to evaluate effects of the extraction process. Two additional treatments included a diet with a portion of the krill meal replaced by poultry by-product meal, and the basal anchovy meal diet supplemented with sodium, magnesium, and copper. Fish consuming diets containing anchovy meal as the primary protein source gained more weight (</span><i>P</i><span>&lt;0.05) than fish consuming krill/squid meal-based diets. Dorsal fin index (DFI, measured as mean dorsal fin height×100/total fish length) was greater (</span><i>P</i><span>&lt;0.05) for fish consuming diets containing krill/squid meal protein/ash fraction (DFI=9.9%–10.0%) than for fish consuming diets containing anchovy meal protein/ash fraction (DFI=4.9%–5.3%), regardless of lipid source. Supplementation of the anchovy meal diet with sodium, magnesium, and copper improved (</span><i>P</i><span>&lt;0.05) DFI by approximately 20%, but not to the level supported by the krill/squid meal protein/ash fraction diets. The cost of the krill meal diet was reduced by inclusion of poultry by-product meal without affecting dorsal fin condition. These data indicate that the dietary agent contributing to dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout is not present in the ether-extractable fraction of the diet, but rather in the protein or mineral fraction.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00188-X","usgsCitation":"Barrows, F.T., and Lellis, W.A., 1999, The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Aquaculture, v. 180, no. 1/2, p. 167-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00188-X.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131052,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"180","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667679","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrows, Frederic T.","contributorId":172541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrows","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lellis, William A. 0000-0001-7806-2904 wlellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-2904","contributorId":2369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"William","email":"wlellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185076,"text":"70185076 - 1999 - Evaluation of landslide hazards with ground-penetrating radar, Lake Michigan coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T13:11:38","indexId":"70185076","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of landslide hazards with ground-penetrating radar, Lake Michigan coast","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"EXLDetailsDisplayVal\"><span class=\"searchword\">Ground</span>-<span class=\"searchword\">penetrating</span> <span class=\"searchword\">radar</span> (GPR) and boreholes were used to investigate a <span class=\"searchword\">landslide</span>-prone bluff at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore on the northeastern coast of <span class=\"searchword\">Lake</span> <span class=\"searchword\">Michigan</span>. Based on borehole observations, sediment underlying the area is homogeneous, consisting of well-sorted, medium to coarse sand. GPR penetrated up to 20 m deep in these <span class=\"searchword\">sediments</span>, revealing the late Quaternary stratigraphy in great detail. We define four units, or <span class=\"searchword\">radar</span> facies, based on criteria similar to those used in seismic stratigraphy. Directly beneath a <span class=\"searchword\">landslide</span> at Sleeping Bear Point (and nowhere else in this survey) is a deeply incised, channel-fill deposit that intersects the shoreline at a high angle. The buried channel is at least 10 m deep and 400 m wide, and it might be a subglacially carved feature of Pleistocene age. A prominent, planar unconformity marks the upper surface of the channel deposit, which is overlain by stratified beach and dune material. Several crosshole GPR surveys were performed in the vicinity of the landslide: 1) a constant offset profile (COP), 2) a multiple offset gather (MOG), and 3) a vertical radar profile (VRP). Tomographic analysis of these data determined the velocity structure of sandy sediment that underlie the failed bluff. Because GPR velocity is dependent on electrical properties, we use it as a proxy for geotechnical properties of the soils. Our working hypothesis is that the hidden channel may act as a conduit for pore water flow between upland regions and Lake Michigan, and thereby locally reduce soil strength and promote slope failure.</span> </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"4th international symposium on Coastal engineering and science of coastal sediment processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Scales of coastal sediment motion and geomorphic change","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Barnhardt, W., Jaffe, B.E., and Kayen, R., 1999, Evaluation of landslide hazards with ground-penetrating radar, Lake Michigan coast, <i>in</i> 4th international symposium on Coastal engineering and science of coastal sediment processes, v. 4, no. 2, p. 1153-1165.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1153","endPage":"1165","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":337505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c9012ae4b0849ce97abd2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnhardt, Walter A.","contributorId":80656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"Walter A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, Robert","contributorId":12030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24186,"text":"ofr9940 - 1999 - Alaska resource data file: Afognak quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T17:17:01.932603","indexId":"ofr9940","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-40","title":"Alaska resource data file: Afognak quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9940","usgsCitation":"Pilcher, S.H., 1999, Alaska resource data file: Afognak quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-40, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9940.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":53329,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0040/ofr9940.pdf","size":"112 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 99-40"},{"id":156997,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0040/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":404058,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16276.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1592,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Afognak quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -151,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -151,\n              59\n            ],\n            [\n              -154,\n              59\n            ],\n            [\n              -154,\n              58\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilcher, S. H.","contributorId":41861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24189,"text":"ofr9941 - 1999 - Alaska resource data file: Trinity Islands quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T18:46:46.898742","indexId":"ofr9941","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-41","title":"Alaska resource data file: Trinity Islands quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9941","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Pilcher, S.H., 1999, Alaska resource data file: Trinity Islands quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-41, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9941.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1595,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389179,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16270.htm"},{"id":53332,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0041/ofr9941.pdf","text":"Report","size":"102 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 99-41 PDF"},{"id":157132,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0041/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Trinity Islands quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156,\n              56.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -154,\n              56.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -154,\n              57.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              57.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              56.0\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688322","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilcher, S. H.","contributorId":41861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24188,"text":"ofr9943 - 1999 - Alaska resource data file: Kodiak quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-23T12:45:05.230186","indexId":"ofr9943","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-43","title":"Alaska resource data file: Kodiak quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9943","usgsCitation":"Pilcher, S.H., 1999, Alaska resource data file: Kodiak quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-43, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9943.","productDescription":"67 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404067,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16272.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1594,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":486377,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0043/ofr19990043.pdf","size":"223 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -152,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -152,\n              57\n            ],\n            [\n              -154,\n              57\n            ],\n            [\n              -154,\n              58\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilcher, S. H.","contributorId":41861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22878,"text":"ofr9914 - 1999 - Regional geologic map of San Andreas and related faults in Carrizo Plain, Temblor, Caliente and La Panza Ranges and vicinity, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T18:53:31.084128","indexId":"ofr9914","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-14","title":"Regional geologic map of San Andreas and related faults in Carrizo Plain, Temblor, Caliente and La Panza Ranges and vicinity, California: A digital database","docAbstract":"This Open-File Report is a digital geologic map database. The report serves to introduce and describe the digital data. There is no paper map included in the Open-File Report. The report includes PostScript and PDF plot files that can be used to plot images of the geologic map sheet and explanation sheet.\r\n\r\nThis digital map database is prepared from a previously published map by Dibblee (1973). The geologic map database delineates map units that are identified by general age, lithology, and clast size following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. For descriptions of the units, their stratigraphic relations, and sources of geologic mapping, consult the explanation sheet (of99-14_4b.ps or of99-14_4d.pdf), or the original published paper map (Dibblee, 1973). The scale of the source map limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the database to 1:125,000 or smaller.\r\n\r\nFor those interested in the geology of Carrizo Plain and vicinity who do not use an ARC/INFO compatible Geographic Information System (GIS), but would like to obtain a paper map and explanation, PDF and PostScript plot files containing map images of the data in the digital database, as well as PostScript and PDF plot files of the explanation sheet and explanatory text, have been included in the database package (please see the section 'Digital Plot Files', page 5). The PostScript plot files require a gzip utility to access them.\r\n\r\nFor those without computer capability, we can provide users with the PostScript or PDF files on tape that can be taken to a vendor for plotting. Paper plots can also be ordered directly from the USGS (please see the section 'Obtaining Plots from USGS Open-File Services', page 5).\r\n\r\nThe content and character of the database, methods of obtaining it, and processes of extracting the map database from the tar (tape archive) file are described herein. The map database itself, consisting of six ARC/INFO coverages, can be obtained over the Internet or by magnetic tape copy as described below.\r\n\r\nThe database was compiled using ARC/INFO, a commercial Geographic Information System (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, California), with version 3.0 of the menu interface ALACARTE (Fitzgibbon and Wentworth, 1991, Fitzgibbon, 1991, Wentworth and Fitzgibbon, 1991). The ARC/INFO coverages are stored in uncompressed ARC export format (ARC/INFO version 7.x). All data files have been compressed, and may be uncompressed with gzip, which is available free of charge over the Internet via links from the USGS Public Domain Software page (http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/doc/edchome/ndcdb/public.html). ARC/INFO export files (files with the .e00 extension) can be converted into ARC/INFO coverages in ARC/INFO (see below) and can be read by some other Geographic Information Systems, such as MapInfo via ArcLink and ESRI's ArcView.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9914","usgsCitation":"Dibblee, T., Graham, S.E., Mahony, T.M., Blissenbach, J.L., Mariant, J.J., and Wentworth, C., 1999, Regional geologic map of San Andreas and related faults in Carrizo Plain, Temblor, Caliente and La Panza Ranges and vicinity, California: A digital database (Version 1.2, Revised Apr 5 1999): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-14, Report: 12 p.; Data Files; Plot Files; Maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9914.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; Data Files; Plot Files; Maps","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12102,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":108390,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13191.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13191"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Carrizo Plain, Temblor, Caliente and La Panza Ranges and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.5,\n              34.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.5,\n              34.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.5,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5,\n              34.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.2, Revised Apr 5 1999","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db61513d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dibblee, T. W.","contributorId":61455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dibblee","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, S. E.","contributorId":89923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahony, T. M.","contributorId":41451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahony","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blissenbach, J. L.","contributorId":104934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blissenbach","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mariant, J. J.","contributorId":6085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariant","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wentworth, C. M. 0000-0003-2569-569X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":106466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":34943,"text":"b2169 - 1999 - Processing of single channel air and water gun data for imaging an impact structure at the Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:26","indexId":"b2169","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2169","title":"Processing of single channel air and water gun data for imaging an impact structure at the Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"Processing of 20 seismic profiles acquired in the Chesapeake Bay area aided in analysis of the details of an impact structure and allowed more accurate mapping of the depression caused by a bolide impact. Particular emphasis was placed on enhancement of seismic reflections from the basement. Application of wavelet deconvolution after a second zero-crossing predictive deconvolution improved the resolution of shallow reflections, and application of a match filter enhanced the basement reflections. The use of deconvolution and match filtering with a two-dimensional signal enhancement technique (F-X filtering) significantly improved the interpretability of seismic sections.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/b2169","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 1999, Processing of single channel air and water gun data for imaging an impact structure at the Chesapeake Bay (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2169, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2169.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3384,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2169/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":163051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e4c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":213854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25445,"text":"wri994015 - 1999 - Development of a 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Code Numbering System for South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-08T13:59:13","indexId":"wri994015","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4015","title":"Development of a 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Code Numbering System for South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>A Hydrologic Unit Map showing the cataloging units, watersheds, and subwatersheds of South Carolina has been developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, funded through a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 319 Grant, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. These delineations represent 8-, 11-, and 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Codes, respectively. This map presents information on drainage, hydrography, and hydrologic boundaries of the water-resources regions, subregions, accounting units, cataloging units, watersheds, and subwatersheds. The source maps for the basin delineations are 1:24,000-scale 7.5-minute series topographic maps and the base maps are from 1:100,000-scale Digital Line Graphs; however, the data are published at a scale of 1:500,000. In addition, an electronic version of the data is provided on a compact disc.</p><p>Of the 1,022 subwatersheds delineated for this project, 1,004 range in size from 3,000 to 40,000 acres (4.69 to 62.5 square miles). Seventeen subwatersheds are smaller than 3,000 acres and one subwatershed, located on St. Helena Island, is larger than 40,000 acres.</p><p>This map and its associated codes provide a standardized base for use by water-resource managers and planners in locating, storing, retrieving, and exchanging hydrologic data. In addition, the map can be used for cataloging water-data acquisition activities, geographically organizing hydrologic data, and planning and describing water-use and related land-use activities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Bower, D.E., Lowry, C., Lowery, M.A., and Hurley, N.M., 1999, Development of a 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Code Numbering System for South Carolina (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4015, 2 Sheets: 44.0 x 34.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994015.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 44.0 x 34.0 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\">South Atlantic Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 720 Gracern Road<br> Columbia, SC 29210</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Development of a 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Code Numbering System for South Carolina</li><li>Summary</li><li>Selected References</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f866a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bower, David E.","contributorId":20324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bower","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowry, Claude Jr.","contributorId":60680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"Claude","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowery, Mark A.","contributorId":77872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowery","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurley, Noel M. nmhurley@usgs.gov","contributorId":979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"Noel","email":"nmhurley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":193723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":24187,"text":"ofr9942 - 1999 - Alaska resource data file: Karluk quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T13:46:15.611285","indexId":"ofr9942","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-42","title":"Alaska resource data file: Karluk quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9942","usgsCitation":"Pilcher, S.H., 1999, Alaska resource data file: Karluk quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-42, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9942.","productDescription":"71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404060,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16271.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0042/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1593,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53330,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0042/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Karluk quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -154,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -154,\n              57\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              57\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              58\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68835f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilcher, S. H.","contributorId":41861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22606,"text":"ofr997A - 1999 - An interpretation of the 1997 airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey, Fort Huachuca vicinity, Cochise County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T11:53:16.683449","indexId":"ofr997A","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-7","chapter":"A","title":"An interpretation of the 1997 airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey, Fort Huachuca vicinity, Cochise County, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>Executive Summary -- In March of 1997, an airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey of the Fort Huachuca Military Reservation and immediate surrounds (location map, http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of99-007-b/index.jpg) was conducted. This survey was sponsored by the U.S. Army and contracted through the Geologic Division of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Data were gathered by Geoterrex-Dighem Ltd. of Ottawa, Canada. The survey aircraft is surrounded by a coil through which a large current pulse is passed. This pulse induces currents in the Earth which are recorded by a set of three mutually perpendicular coils towed in a 'bird' about 100 m behind and below the aircraft. The bird also records the Earth's magnetic field. The system samples the Earth response to the electromagnetic pulse about every 16 m along the aircraft flight path. For this survey, the bulk of the flightpaths were spaced about 400 m apart and oriented in a northeast-southwest direction extending from bedrock over the Huachuca Mountains to bedrock over the Tombstone Hills. A preliminary report on the unprocessed data collected in the field was delivered to the U.S. Army by USGS in July 1997 (USGS Open-File Report 97?457). The final data were delivered in March, 1998 by the contractor to USGS and thence to the U.S. Army. The present report represents the final interpretive report from USGS. The objectives of the survey were to: 1) define the structure of the San Pedro basin in the Sierra Vista-Fort Huachuca-Huachuca City area, including the depth and shape of the basin, and to delineate large faults that may be active within the basin fill and therefore important in the hydrologic regime; 2) define near surface and subsurface areas that contain a large volume fraction of silt and clay in the basin fill and which both reduce the volume of available storage for water and reduce the permeability of the aquifer; and 3) to evaluate the use of the time domain electromagnetic method in the southwest desert setting as a means of mapping depth to water. Chapter one, written by M.E. Gettings, reports the results of the analysis of the aeromagnetic anomaly data. Depths to magnetic rocks computed from these data are in good agreement with depths from gravity anomaly models (Gettings and Houser, in prep.) and confirm and refine the location of the bedrock highs which reach to within 200 m of the surface in several parts of the study area. The highly faulted and generally shallow character of the basin within the study area deduced from the gravity studies is also evident in the aeromagnetic data. The caldera ring fault delimiting the buried structural southwest edge of the Tombstone caldera is expressed in the magnetic data and deeper intrusives extending outside the caldera to the southwest are inferred. Several magnetic bodies occur at shallow depths within the Precambrian granite of the Huachuca Mountains along the eastern foothills of the mountains. These are inferred to be Tertiary intrusives but remain to be confirmed by field work if any of their uppermost dikes or apotheses are exposed. Faults delineating the east-west trending bedrock high beneath the city of Sierra Vista appear to be shallow and should be investigated for surface expressions. Chapter two, written by Jeff Wynn, analyzes and interprets the conductivity depth transforms (CDTs) and provides a general evaluation of the data quality. He concludes that there is a good general correlation between the uppermost conductor seen in the CDTs and water table depth in many cases. Detailed comparisons between the ground-based vertical electric soundings (VES) and the CDTs are reported in this chapter. The two sets of data compare well in general for most sounding sites where the VES data are not noisy.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr997A","usgsCitation":"Bultman, M., Gettings, M.E., and Wynn, J., 1999, An interpretation of the 1997 airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey, Fort Huachuca vicinity, Cochise County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-7, CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr997A.","productDescription":"CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423389,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16676.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155985,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizzona","county":"Cochise County","otherGeospatial":"Fort Huachuca","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.5,31.333333 ], [ -110.5,31.833333 ], [ -110.0,31.833333 ], [ -110.0,31.333333 ], [ -110.5,31.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68441f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bultman, M.W.","contributorId":107306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bultman","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gettings, M. E.","contributorId":25148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wynn, Jeff 0000-0002-8102-3882 jwynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-3882","contributorId":2803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jeff","email":"jwynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4798,"text":"pp1599 - 1999 - Lithofacies, depositional environments, and regional stratigraphy of the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-01T12:49:28","indexId":"pp1599","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1599","title":"Lithofacies, depositional environments, and regional stratigraphy of the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan","docAbstract":"<p>The coal-bearing, lower Eocene Ghazij Formation is exposed intermittently over a distance of 750 kilometers along the western margin of the Axial Belt in north-central Pakistan. Underlying the formation are Jurassic to Paleocene carbonates that were deposited on a marine shelf along the pre- and post-rift northern margin of the Indian subcontinent. Overlying the formation are middle Eocene to Miocene marine and nonmarine deposits capped by Pliocene to Pleistocene collision molasse.</p><p>The lower part of the Ghazij comprises mostly dark gray calcareous mudrock containing foraminifers and rare tabular to lenticular bodies of very fine grained to finegrained calcareous sandstone. We interpret the lower portion of this part of the Ghazij as outer-shelf deposits, and the upper portion as prodelta deposits. The middle part of the formation conformably overlies the lower part. It comprises medium-gray calcareous mudrock containing nonmarine bivalves, fine- to medium-grained calcareous sandstone, and rare intervals of carbonaceous shale and coal. Sandstone bodies in the middle part, in ascending stratigraphic order, are classified as Type I (coarsening-upward grain size, contain the trace fossil Ophiomorpha, and are commonly overlain by carbonaceous shale or coal), Type II (mixed grain size, display wedge-planar cross stratification, and contain fossil oyster shells and Ophiomorpha), and Type III (finingupward grain size, lenticular shape, erosional bases, and display trough cross stratification). These three types of bodies represent shoreface deposits, tidal channels, and fluvial channels, respectively. Mudrock intervals in the lower portion of this part of the formation contain fossil plant debris and represent estuarine deposits, and mudrock intervals in the upper portion contain fossil root traces and represent overbank deposits. We interpret the middle part of the Ghazij as a lower delta plain sequence. Overlying the middle part of the Ghazij, possibly unconformably, is the upper part of the formation, which comprises calcareous, nonfossiliferous, light-gray, brown, and red-banded mudrock, and rare Type III sandstone bodies. Much of the mudrock in this part of the formation represents multiple paleosol horizons. Locally, a limestone-pebble conglomerate is present in the upper part of the formation, either at the base or occupying most of the sequence. We interpret all but the uppermost portion of the upper part of the Ghazij as an upper delta plain deposit.</p><p>Thin sections of Ghazij sandstones show mostly fragments of limestone, and heavy-liquid separations reveal the presence of chromite. Paleocurrent data and other evidence indicate a northwestern source area.</p><p>During earliest Eocene time, the outer edge of the marine shelf off the Indian subcontinent collided with a terrestrial fragment positioned adjacent to, but detached from, the Asian mainland. This collision caused distal carbonateplatform deposits to be uplifted, and an intervening intracratonic sea, the Indus Foreland Basin, was created. Thus for the first time, the depositional slope switched from northwest facing to southeast facing, and a northwestern source for detritus was provided. We conclude that the Ghazij was deposited as a prograding clastic wedge along the northwestern shore of this sea, and that the formation contains sedimentologic evidence of a collisional event that predates the main impact between India and Asia.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp1599","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Pakistan","usgsCitation":"Johnson, E., Warwick, P.D., Roberts, S.B., and Khan, I.H., 1999, Lithofacies, depositional environments, and regional stratigraphy of the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1599, Report: vi, 76 p.; 2 Plates: 44.00 x 31.00 inches and 40.00 x 21.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1599.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 76 p.; 2 Plates: 44.00 x 31.00 inches and 40.00 x 21.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":31760,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1599/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":31761,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1599/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":31762,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1599/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1599/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Pakistan","state":"Balochistan","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ce4b07f02db69e46d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Edward A.","contributorId":25552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Edward A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":149780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, Stephen B.","contributorId":104906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Khan, Intizar H.","contributorId":69536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khan","given":"Intizar","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16954,"text":"Geological Survey of Pakistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":149781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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