Acid drainage from abandoned coal mines is affecting thousands of miles of rivers in the eastern United States. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists are finding that neutral drainage is sometimes being mistaken for acidic drainage because both involve the formation of iron oxide-rich materials. USGS scientists are adapting microbial techniques to learn about the processes that form the acidic and neutral iron oxide-rich flocculates and are developing spectral reflectance techniques that differentiate between acid and neutral materials. Federal and State regulatory agencies are using these data to help make land-use decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs11899","usgsCitation":"Robbins, E.I., 1999, Microbial and spectral reflectance techniques to distinguish neutral and acidic drainage: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 118-99, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11899.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":340288,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62dee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Eleanora I.","contributorId":44527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Eleanora","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5798,"text":"pp1607 - 1999 - Structural relationships of pre-Tertiary rocks in the Nevada Test Site region, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:57","indexId":"pp1607","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1607","title":"Structural relationships of pre-Tertiary rocks in the Nevada Test Site region, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"This report contains a synthesis and interpretation of structural and stratigraphic data for pre-Tertiary rocks in a large area of southern Nevada within and near the Nevada Test Site. Its presents descriptive and interpretive information from discontinuously exposed localities in the context of a regional model that integrates stratigraphy, sedimentology, crustal structure, and deformational style and timing. Evidence is given for substantial strike-slip faults, for modest excursion on low-angle faults, and for pre-Oligocene formation of the regional oroclinal flexure in neighboring mountain ranges.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/pp1607","usgsCitation":"Cole, J., and Cashman, P.H., 1999, Structural relationships of pre-Tertiary rocks in the Nevada Test Site region, southern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1607, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1607.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":908,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1607/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1607.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a490a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":21539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cashman, Patricia Hughes","contributorId":95054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"Hughes","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24188,"text":"ofr9943 - 1999 - Alaska resource data file: Kodiak quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-23T12:45:05.230186","indexId":"ofr9943","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-43","title":"Alaska resource data file: Kodiak quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9943","usgsCitation":"Pilcher, S.H., 1999, Alaska resource data file: Kodiak quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-43, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9943.","productDescription":"67 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404067,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16272.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1594,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":486377,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0043/ofr19990043.pdf","size":"223 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -152,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -152,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 58\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilcher, S. H.","contributorId":41861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21726,"text":"ofr99159 - 1999 - Determination of chemical-constituent loads during base-flow and storm-runoff conditions near historical mines in Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-03T06:54:28","indexId":"ofr99159","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-159","title":"Determination of chemical-constituent loads during base-flow and storm-runoff conditions near historical mines in Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Prospect Gulch is a major source of iron, aluminum, zinc, and other metals to\r\nCement Creek. Information is needed to prioritize remediation and develop strategies for\r\ncleanup of historical abandoned mine sites in Prospect Gulch. Chemical-constituent\r\nloads were determined in Prospect Gulch, a high-elevation alpine stream in southwestern\r\nColorado that is affected by natural acid drainage from weathering of hydro-thermally\r\naltered igneous rock and acidic metal-laden discharge from historical abandoned mines.\r\nThe objective of the study was to identify metal sources to Prospect Gulch. A tracer\r\nsolution was injected into Prospect Gulch during water-quality sampling so that loading\r\nof geochemical constituents could be calculated throughout the study reach. A\r\nthunderstorm occurred during the tracer study, hence, metal loads were measured for\r\nstorm-runoff as well as for base flow. Data from different parts of the study reach\r\nrepresents different flow conditions. The beginning of the reach represents background\r\nconditions during base flow immediately upstream from the Lark and Henrietta mines\r\n(samples PG5 to PG45). Other samples were collected during storm runoff conditions\r\n(PG100 to PG291); during the first flush of metal runoff following the onset of rainfall\r\n(PG303 to PG504), and samples PG542 to PG700 were collected during low-flow\r\nconditions.\r\nDuring base-flow conditions, the percentage increase in loads for major\r\nconstituents and trace metals was more than an order of magnitude greater than the\r\ncorresponding 36 % increase in stream discharge. Within the study reach, the highest\r\npercentage increases for dissolved loads were 740 % for iron (Fe), 465 % for aluminum\r\n(Al), 500 % for lead (Pb), 380 % for copper (Cu), 100 % for sulfate (SO4), and 50 % for\r\nzinc (Zn). Downstream loads near the mouth of Prospect Gulch often greatly exceeded\r\nthe loads generated within the study reach but varied by metal species. For example, the\r\nstudy reach accounts for about 6 % of the dissolved-Fe load, 13 % of the dissolved-Al\r\nload, and 18 % of the dissolved-Zn load; but probably contributes virtually all of the\r\ndissolved Cu and Pb. The greatest downstream gains in dissolved trace-metal loads\r\noccurred near waste-rock dumps for the historical mines. The major sources of trace\r\nmetals to the study reach were related to mining. The major source of trace metals in the\r\nreach near the mouth is unknown, however is probably related to weathering of highly\r\naltered igneous rocks, although an unknown component of trace metals could be derived\r\nfrom mining sources The late-summer storm dramatically increased the loads of most dissolved and\r\ntotal constituents. The effects of the storm were divided into two distinct periods; (1) a\r\nfirst flush of higher metal concentrations that occurred soon after rainfall began and (2)\r\nthe peak discharge of the storm runoff. The first flush contained the highest loads of\r\ndissolved Fe, total and dissolved Zn, Cu, and Cd. The larger concentrations of Fe and\r\nsulfate in the first flush were likely derived from iron hydroxide minerals such as jarosite\r\nand schwertmanite, which are common on mine dumps in the Prospect Gulch drainage\r\nbasin. Peak storm runoff contained the highest measured loads of total Fe, and of total\r\nand dissolved calcium, magnesium, silica and Al, which were probably derived from\r\nweathering of igneous rocks and clay minerals in the drainage basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99159","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Wirt, L., Leib, K., Bove, D.J., Mast, M., Evans, J., and Meeker, G., 1999, Determination of chemical-constituent loads during base-flow and storm-runoff conditions near historical mines in Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-159, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99159.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1171,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado ","otherGeospatial":"Prospect Gulch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 36.80928470205937\n ],\n [\n -104.1064453125,\n 36.80928470205937\n ],\n [\n -104.1064453125,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 36.80928470205937\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leib, K.J.","contributorId":62236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bove, D. J.","contributorId":70767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mast, M.A.","contributorId":67871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, J. B.","contributorId":77182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":24186,"text":"ofr9940 - 1999 - Alaska resource data file: Afognak quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T17:17:01.932603","indexId":"ofr9940","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-40","title":"Alaska resource data file: Afognak quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9940","usgsCitation":"Pilcher, S.H., 1999, Alaska resource data file: Afognak quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-40, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9940.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":53329,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0040/ofr9940.pdf","size":"112 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 99-40"},{"id":156997,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0040/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":404058,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16276.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1592,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Afognak quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -151,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -151,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 58\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilcher, S. H.","contributorId":41861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24189,"text":"ofr9941 - 1999 - Alaska resource data file: Trinity Islands quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T18:46:46.898742","indexId":"ofr9941","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-41","title":"Alaska resource data file: Trinity Islands quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9941","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Pilcher, S.H., 1999, Alaska resource data file: Trinity Islands quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-41, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9941.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1595,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389179,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16270.htm"},{"id":53332,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0041/ofr9941.pdf","text":"Report","size":"102 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 99-41 PDF"},{"id":157132,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0041/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Trinity Islands quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156,\n 56.0\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 56.0\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 57.0\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 57.0\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 56.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688322","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilcher, S. H.","contributorId":41861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22389,"text":"ofr9865 - 1999 - Trends in base flows and extreme flows in the Beaver Kill Basin, Catskill Mountains, New York, 1915-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-01T08:30:48","indexId":"ofr9865","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-65","title":"Trends in base flows and extreme flows in the Beaver Kill Basin, Catskill Mountains, New York, 1915-94","docAbstract":"Long-term records from five streamflow-gaging stations within and near the 300-square mile Beaver Kill Basin were analyzed to determine whether construction and presence of New York State Route 17 (NY 17), which was completed in the late 1960's, could have altered hydrologic processes in the basin and thereby adversely affected the basin's trout populations. The hypothesis investigated is that NY 17 has altered surface-water and shallow ground-water flowpaths where it parallels the stream and has increased runoff rates and thereby (1) increased the range in stream discharge (prolonged the base flows, decreased the low flows, and increased the high flows), and (2) altered stream-channel morphology through increased volume and velocity of stormflows.
\nAnalyses of base flows, discharge-duration curves, stage-to-discharge relations, peak and bankfull discharges, and flow extremes at a downstream (Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls) and a small tributary (Little Beaver Kill at Livingston Manor) site provide only limited evidence that NY 17 affected hydrologic processes within the basin. These effects are best indicated by significant increases in the magnitude and (or) the frequency of moderate to large discharges (exceedence probabilities) on an instantaneous basis at the Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls site after 1965. Increases in stormflows can not be attributed solely to NY 17, however, because the trend was evident long before NY 17 was constructed. Changes in land use in parts of the watershed may have contributed to gradual and continuous increases in stormflows throughout the entire 80 (plus) years of record.
\nChanges in most base-flow and low-flow statistics for the downstream (Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls) site after 1965 are not statistically significant, but, changes in flow-duration curves and annual peak flows are evident. Flow-duration curves at this site indicate that there is a 16 percent increase in average daily flows after 1965. Annual peak flow data indicate that peak flows from storms recurring at 2-year (and longer) intervals after 1965 are significantly larger than those that recur at the same frequencies before 1965. The lack of comparable increases in peak flows from several nearby reference sites after 1965 indicate that the observed increases in peak flows may be unique to the Beaver Kill Basin.
\nFlow-duration curves and many base-flow and high-flow statistics for the small tributary paralleled by NY 17 in the in the upper reaches of the basin (Little Beaver Kill at Livingston Manor) appear to be considerably altered since NY 17 was constructed. Flow-duration curves at this site indicate that there is about a 54 percent increase in average daily flows after 1965. Increases in the ratio of average annual base flow to average annual flow until 1965 then subsequent decreases suggest an extreme affect of NY 17 on hydrology of the subbasin. The effect of NY 17 on hydrology of the Little Beaver Kill subbasin cannot be defined with certainty, however, because the flow record after 1965 is too short; discharge monitoring was discontinued in 1981.
\nThe increases in peak stormflows in the lower Beaver Kill basin through the period of record may have increased the rates of bed-sediment erosion (degradation) and deposition and accelerated changes in stream-channel morphology, however, these possible effects were not examined. Suggestions for further investigation of the effects of NY 17 and of other factors on hydrology, channel morphology, fish habitat, and fish populations in the Beaver Kill Basin include (1) addition of streamflow gages or a creststage gage network at critical locations, (2) a review of engineering records and other aerial photographs for indications of changes in channel morphology, (3) compilation of temperature data and modeling spatial extent and magnitude of stressful summer temperatures (to selected trout species), and (4) confirming the extent and severity of toxic thermal episodes using in-situ fish toxicity tests.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9865","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Rockland","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., 1999, Trends in base flows and extreme flows in the Beaver Kill Basin, Catskill Mountains, New York, 1915-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-65, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9865.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0065/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":51805,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0065/ofr19980065.pdf","text":"Report","size":"277 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1998-0065"}],"contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
Four researchers were asked to provide independent modeled estimates of the solubility of a radionuclide solid phase, specifically Pu(OH)4, under five specified sets of conditions. The objectives of the study were to assess the variability in the results obtained and to determine the primary causes for this variability.
In the exercise, modelers were supplied with the composition, pH and redox properties of the water and with a description of the mineralogy of the surrounding fracture system A standard thermodynamic data base was provided to all modelers. Each modeler was encouraged to use other data bases in addition to the standard data base and to try different approaches to solving the problem.
In all, about fifty approaches were used, some of which included a large number of solubility calculations. For each of the five test cases, the calculated solubilities from different approaches covered several orders of magnitude. The variability resulting from the use of different thermodynamic data bases was in most cases, far smaller than that resulting from the use of different approaches to solving the problem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1557/PROC-556-559","issn":"02729172","usgsCitation":"Ernren, A., Arthur, R., Glynn, P.D., and McMurry, J., 1999, The modeler's influence on calculated solubilities for performance assessments at the Aspo Hard-rock Laboratory: Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings, v. 556, 559, https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-556-559.","productDescription":"559","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229942,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"556","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baddfe4b08c986b323e35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ernren, A.T.","contributorId":96857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ernren","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthur, R.","contributorId":29595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glynn, P. D.","contributorId":7008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMurry, J.","contributorId":105464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMurry","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021508,"text":"70021508 - 1999 - DNA repair and resistance to UV-B radiation in western spotted frogs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T17:48:30.383015","indexId":"70021508","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DNA repair and resistance to UV-B radiation in western spotted frogs","docAbstract":"We assessed DNA repair and resistance to solar radiation in eggs of members of the western spotted frog complex (Rana pretiosa and R. luteiventris), species whose populations are suffering severe range reductions and declines. Specifically, we measured the activity of photoreactivating enzyme (photolyase) in oocytes of spotted frogs. In some species, photoreactivation is the most important mechanism for repair of UV-damaged DNA. Using field experiments, we also compared the hatching success of spotted frog embryos at natural oviposition sites at three elevations, where some embryos were subjected to ambient levels of UV-B radiation and others were shielded from UV-B radiation. Compared with other amphibians, photolyase activities in spotted frogs were relatively high. At all sites, hatching success was unaffected by UV-B. Our data support the interpretation that amphibian embryos with relatively high levels of photolyase are more resistant to UV-B radiation than those with lower levels of photolyase. At the embryonic stage, UV-B radiation does not presently seem to be contributing to the population declines of spotted frogs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[1100:DRARTU]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Blaustein, A.R., Hays, J., Hoffman, P., Chivers, D., Kiesecker, J.M., Leonard, W.P., Marco, A., Olson, D., Reaser, J.K., and Anthony, R.G., 1999, DNA repair and resistance to UV-B radiation in western spotted frogs: Ecological Applications, v. 9, no. 3, p. 1100-1105, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[1100:DRARTU]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1100","endPage":"1105","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd4ee4b0c8380cd4e76a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blaustein, Andrew R.","contributorId":44276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaustein","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hays, J.B.","contributorId":98901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, P.D.","contributorId":68910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chivers, D.P.","contributorId":51037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chivers","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kiesecker, Joseph M.","contributorId":146679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiesecker","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leonard, William P.","contributorId":112010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marco, A.","contributorId":55988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marco","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Olson, Deanna H.","contributorId":257261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Deanna H.","affiliations":[{"id":51996,"text":"USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reaser, Jamie K","contributorId":223683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reaser","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":39207,"text":"Department of the Interior","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Anthony, Robert G.","contributorId":206136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":24060,"text":"ofr9935 - 1999 - Geologic map of the East of Grotto Hills quadrangle, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-14T13:36:37.423776","indexId":"ofr9935","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-35","title":"Geologic map of the East of Grotto Hills quadrangle, California: A digital database","docAbstract":"The East of Grotto Hills 1:24,000-scale quadrangle of California lies west of the Colorado River about 30 km southwest of Searchlight, Nevada, near the boundary between the northern and southern parts of the Basin and Range Province. The quadrangle includes the eastern margin of Lanfair Valley, the southernmost part of the Castle Mountains, and part of the northwest Piute Range. The generally north-trending Piute Range aligns with the Piute and Dead Mountains of California and the Newberry and Eldorado Mountains and McCullough Range of Nevada. The southern part of the Piute Range adjoins Homer Mountain (Spencer and Turner, 1985) near Civil War-era Fort Piute. Adjacent 1:24,000-scale quadrangles include Castle Peaks, Homer Mountain, and Signal Hill, Calif.; also Hart Peak, Tenmile Well, and West of Juniper Mine, Calif. and Nev.\n\nThe mapped area contains Tertiary (Miocene) volcanic and sedimentary rocks, interbedded with and overlain by Tertiary and Quaternary surficial deposits. Miocene intrusions mark conduits that served as feeders for the Miocene volcanic rocks, which also contain late magma pulses that cut the volcanic section. Upper Miocene conglomerate deposits interfinger with the uppermost volcanic flows. Canyons and intermontane valleys contain dissected Quaternary alluvial-fan deposits, mantled by active alluvial-fan deposits and detritus of active drainages. The alluvial materials were derived largely from Early Proterozoic granite and gneiss complexes, intruded by Mesozoic granite, dominate the heads of Lanfair Valley drainages in the New York Mountains and Mid Hills (fig. 1; Jennings, 1961). Similar rocks also underlie Tertiary deposits in the Castle Peaks, Castle Mountains, and eastern Piute Range.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9935","usgsCitation":"Nielson, J.E., and Bedford, D., 1999, Geologic map of the East of Grotto Hills quadrangle, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-35, 1 Plate: 33.10 x 29.17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9935.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 33.10 x 29.17 inches","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397657,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13177.htm"},{"id":284848,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/of99-35_2a.txt"},{"id":284847,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/import.aml"},{"id":284846,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/of99-35_3a.tar.gz"},{"id":284845,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/egh_topo.e00.gz"},{"id":284844,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/egh_smpl.e00.gz"},{"id":284843,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/egh_str.e00.gz"},{"id":284842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/egh_geol.e00.gz"},{"id":53234,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/pdf/egh_map.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":108387,"rank":12,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/pdf/egh_geo.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13177"},{"id":1730,"rank":10,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"National Geodetic Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grotto Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.125,35.125 ], [ -115.125,35.25 ], [ -115.0,35.25 ], [ -115.0,35.125 ], [ -115.125,35.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5c66e4b0b290850fa76c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielson, Jane E.","contributorId":9701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedford, David R.","contributorId":26352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6789,"text":"fs11999 - 1999 - USGS international activities in coal resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T14:31:06","indexId":"fs11999","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"119-99","title":"USGS international activities in coal resources","docAbstract":"During the last 30 years the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been engaged in coal exploration and characterization in more that 30 foreign countries, including India, Pakistan, China, Turkey, several Eastern European countries, Russia, and other former Soviet Union countries. Through this work, the USGS has developed an internationally recognized capability for assessing coal resources and defining their geochemical and physical characteristics. More recently, these data have been incorporated into digital databases and Geographic Information System (GIS) digital map products. The USGS has developed a high level of expertise in assessing the technological, economic, environmental, and human health impacts of coal occurrences and utilization based on comprehensive characterization of representative coal samples.
Coal will remain a very significant part of U.S. energy needs (fig.l), even though there will continue to be concern about environmental impacts associated with its use. Currently, about 88 percent of U.S. coal production is used by electric utilities. The remaining 12 percent is either exported or used domestically for other industrial applications, such as coke for steel production.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs12099","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, National Coal Quality Inventory (NaCQI) and U.S. Geological Survey Coal Quality Databases: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 120-99, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs12099.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":31981,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0120/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0120/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32196,"text":"ofr9930 - 1999 - Physiographic rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-14T13:37:21.153672","indexId":"ofr9930","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-30","title":"Physiographic rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona: A digital database","docAbstract":"This Open-File report is a digital physiographic map database. This pamphlet serves to introduce and describe the digital data. There is no paper map included in the Open-File report. The report does include, however, PostScript and PDF format plot files, each containing an image of the map. For those interested in a paper plot of information contained in the database or in obtaining the PostScript plot files, please see the section entitled \"For Those Who Don't Use Digital Geologic Map Databases\" below.\n\nThis physiographic map of the Grand Canyon is modified from previous versions by Billingsley and Hendricks (1989), and Billingsley and others (1997). The boundary is drawn approximately along the topographic rim of the Grand Canyon and its tributary canyons between Lees Ferry and Lake Mead (shown in red). Several isolated small mesas, buttes, and plateaus are within this area, which overall encompasses about 2,600 square miles. The Grand Canyon lies within the southwestern part of the Colorado Plateaus of northern Arizona between Lees Ferry, Colorado River Mile 0, and Lake Mead, Colorado River Mile 277. The Colorado River is the corridor for raft trips through the Grand Canyon.\n\nLimestone rocks of the Kaibab Formation form most of the north and south rims of the Grand Canyon, and a few volcanic rocks form the north rim of parts of the Uinkaret and Shivwits Plateaus. Limestones of the Redwall Limestone and lower Supai Group form the rim of the Hualapai Plateau area, and Limestones of Devonian and Cambrian age form the boundary rim near the mouth of Grand Canyon at the Lake Mead. The natural physiographic boundary of the Grand Canyon is roughly the area a visitor would first view any part of the Grand Canyon and its tributaries.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9930","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Billingsley, G.H., and Hampton, H.M., 1999, Physiographic rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-30, 1 Plate: 37.47 inches x 27.85 inches, Map: EPS.GZ, Data Package, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9930.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 37.47 inches x 27.85 inches, Map: EPS.GZ, Data Package","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284849,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0030/gcrim.eps.gz"},{"id":284850,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0030/pdf/gcrim.pdf","text":"Plate 1"},{"id":284858,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0030/gcrim.tar.gz"},{"id":164386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr9930.jpg"},{"id":3151,"rank":5,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"1927 North American Datum","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.000,35.500 ], [ -114.000,37.000 ], [ -111.500,37.000 ], [ -111.500,35.500 ], [ -114.000,35.500 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6b84e4b0b29085103f54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billingsley, George H.","contributorId":20711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hampton, Haydee M.","contributorId":38228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"Haydee","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21937,"text":"ofr9916 - 1999 - Merged aeroradiometric data for Alaska: A web site for distribution of gridded data and plot files","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T20:45:38.723617","indexId":"ofr9916","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-16","title":"Merged aeroradiometric data for Alaska: A web site for distribution of gridded data and plot files","docAbstract":"The National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program was conducted by the U.S. Government between 1974 and 1983. The NURE program was administered by the Grand Junction, CO, office of the Department of Energy. The program included airborne gamma-ray spectrometry and magnetic data collection as well as extensive geochemical sample collection and processing. Aeroradiometric and aeromagnetic surveys of 98 1° by 3° quadrangles were flown in Alaska between 1975 and 1980. The data were flown in 15 surveys by Texas Instruments (T.I.), Lockwood, Kessler, and Bartlett (LKB), and AeroServices (Aero) under contract to the U.S. Government. A series of contractor reports document the surveys on a quadrangle by quadrangle basis. We list references to these reports on the detailed survey index pages accessible through the Survey Irfo page.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9916","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Riggle, F.E., Clark, B.T., and Hill, P.L., 1999, Merged aeroradiometric data for Alaska: A web site for distribution of gridded data and plot files: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-16, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9916.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1282,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51412,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0016/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":393118,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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L.","contributorId":30201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178163,"text":"70178163 - 1999 - Status of the Mariana Crow population on Rota, Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T07:12:58","indexId":"70178163","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2734,"text":"Micronesica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the Mariana Crow population on Rota, Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"We conducted a survey of the endangered Mariana Crow (Corvus kubaryi) population on Rota, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, in October-November 1995 to provide current information on numbers and distribution of this species. To allow direct comparisons with a previous survey, we resurveyed transects established in 1982 using the same field methods and used identical analysis methods for both surveys. Several areas on Rota that lack suitable habitat and have few if any resident crows were excluded from our 6,315-ha study area.
Our reanalysis of 1982 survey data for our study area gave an estimated population size of 1,348 crows (95% CI = 1,136–1,564), compared to a 1995 estimate of 592 crows (95% CI = 474–720). Mean number of crows detected per sampling station decreased 57% from 1.06 ± 0.09 SE in 1982 to 0.46 ± 0.05 in 1995. The apparent 56% decrease in population size may be a result of habitat loss from development and typhoons, as well as persecution, but other factors contributing to the decline cannot be identified until more is known about the ecology and demography of the Mariana Crow population.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Guam","usgsCitation":"Fancy, S.G., Lusk, M.R., and Grout, D.J., 1999, Status of the Mariana Crow population on Rota, Mariana Islands: Micronesica, v. 32, no. 1, p. 3-10.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mariana Islands","state":"Rota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 145.0799560546875,\n 14.099284922844143\n ],\n [\n 145.3216552734375,\n 14.099284922844143\n ],\n [\n 145.3216552734375,\n 14.211138758545793\n ],\n [\n 145.0799560546875,\n 14.211138758545793\n ],\n [\n 145.0799560546875,\n 14.099284922844143\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2ce4b0dee4cc90cbdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fancy, Steven G.","contributorId":176135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fancy","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lusk, Michael R.","contributorId":176673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lusk","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grout, Daniel J.","contributorId":176676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grout","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169416,"text":"70169416 - 1999 - Radio-tracking large wilderness mammals: integration of GPS and Argos technologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T15:14:37","indexId":"70169416","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-01T16:30:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radio-tracking large wilderness mammals: integration of GPS and Argos technologies","docAbstract":"We tested 30 prototype global positioning system (GPS) radiocollars on brown bears (Ursus arctos) over a 3-year period on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Collars were of 2 design types: GPS units with an Argos (Argos Data collection and Location System) satellite uplink (n = 19) and GPS units where the data were stored on board (n = 10) for retrieval at a later date. All units also contained a conventional VHF (very high frequency) transmitter and weighed 1.7 kg. GPS-Argos units obtained 10-82% of expected GPS fixes, and fix rate declined significantly (P < 0.05) with time after deployment. Argos uplink success (proportion of successful transmissions of stored data) was linearly related to GPS fix rate (r = 0.91, P < 0.001). Storeon-board units obtained significantly more successful fixes when compared with the GPS-Argos units (t = -4.009, P < 0.001). Fix success rate for deployed store-on-board collars ranged from 13-96%; because of the increased number of attempted fixes per day, these collars obtained fixes on 97% of days deployed. Accuracy of the GPS units was less than predicted by the NAVSTAR GPS technology using the course acquisition code. Reduced accuracy was likely a result of the proportion of 2-dimensional versus 3-dimensional fixes obtained, although we could not determine this statistic from recorded data. Increased overstory closure was the only variable measured that partially explained the reduced likelihood of a successful fix. Stem density, stem diameter, and overstory height measured within 3 m of the collar did not affect fix success. GPS fix success rates for collars attached to bears varied more and were lower than fix rates for stationary collars placed in various vegetation types, suggesting that the bear, terrain, and movement all influence both fix and uplink success rate. Application of this new technology to grizzly and brown bear research and comparisons to studies with moose (Alces alces) are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, C.C., and Arthur, S.M., 1999, Radio-tracking large wilderness mammals: integration of GPS and Argos technologies: Ursus, v. 11, p. 261-273.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"273","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bearbiology.com/publications/ursus-archive/radiotracking-large-wilderness-mammals-integration-of-gps-and-argos-technology/","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f661b1e4b07d796bf770f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":624070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthur, Steve M.","contributorId":66169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":624071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23805,"text":"ofr98412 - 1999 - Summary and evaluation of pesticides in field blanks collected for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T09:32:15","indexId":"ofr98412","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-412","title":"Summary and evaluation of pesticides in field blanks collected for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992-95","docAbstract":"Field blanks are quality-control samples used to assess contamination in environmental water samples. Contamination is the unintentional introduction of a chemical (pesticides in this instance) into an environmental water sample from sources such as inadequately cleaned equipment, dirty hands, dust, rain, or fumes. Contamination causes a positive bias in analytical measurements that may need to be considered in the analysis and interpretation of the environmental data. Estimates of pesticide contamination in environmental water samples collected for the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program are used to qualify, where needed, interpretations of the occurrence and distribution of pesticides in the surface and ground waters of the United States.
\nField blanks collected from 1992 to 1995 as part of the NAWAQA Program were analyzed for 88 pesticides and pesticide metabolites. Of 47 pesticides determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 23 were detected at least once in 175 surface-water field blanks and 15 were detected at least once in 145 ground-water field blanks. The most frequently detected pesticides in surface-water field blanks were atrazine (in 10.9 percent of blanks), simazine (9.1 percent), and metolachlor (4.6 percent). The most frequently detected pesticides in ground-water field blanks were p,p' -DDE (4.1 percent) and atrazine (2.8 percent). The maximum pesticide concentration detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in a surface-water field blank was 0.120 microgram per liter (µg/L) for pronamide; the maximum concentration detected in a ground-water field blank was 0.013 µg /L for chlorpyrifos and prometon. Of 41 pesticides determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, diuron and 2,4-D were detected once in 109 surface-water field blanks and bromacil, diuron, and fenuron were detected once in 104 ground-water field blanks. Except for a detection of 2,4-D at 0.230 µg /L, the detectable concentrations of these pesticides were less than or equal to 0.020 µg /L.
\nField blanks showed no evidence of contamination by most pesticides. Of the 88 pesticides for which the field blanks were analyzed, 63 were not detected in field blanks from surface-water sites and 70 were not detected in field blanks from ground-water sites. Therefore, environmental data for the pesticides not detected in field blanks can be interpreted without qualification for contamination.
\nField blanks did show evidence of contamination by some pesticides. Most of the pesticides detected in field blanks, however, were detected more frequently and at higher concentrations in environmental water samples. Two criteria were used to evaluate the need to consider contamination in water-quality assessments: (1) a ratio of the frequency of pesticide detection in environmental water samples to the frequency of detection in field blanks of 5.0 or less and (2) a ratio of the median concentration detected in environmental water samples to the maximum concentration detected in field blanks of 2.0 or less. These criteria indicate that contamination, for the majority of the pesticide data collected for the NAWQA Program, probably does not need to be considered in the analysis and interpretation of (1) the frequency of pesticide detection or (2) the median concentration of pesticides detected. Contamination must be considered, however, in detection frequency for cispermethrin, pronamide, p,p' -DDE, pebulate, propargite, ethalfluralin, and triallate in surface water and fenuron, benfluralin, pronamide, cis-permethrin, triallate, chlorpyrifos, trifluralin, propanil, p,p' -DDE, bromacil, dacthal, diazinon, and diuron in ground water. Contamination also must be considered in median concentrations detected for pronamide, p,p' -DDE, propargite, napropamide, and triallate in surface water and benfluralin, cis-permethrin, triallate, chlorpyrifos, trifluralin, p,p' -DDE, dacthal, and diazinon in ground water.
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These data constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. Beginning with the 1985 water year and continuing through 1993, these data were published in a report series entitled ?Water Resources Data for California, Volume 5. Ground-Water Data.? Prior to the introduction of this series, historical ground-water information was published in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers.\r\n\r\nIn 1994, the Volume 5 Ground-Water Data report was discontinued, but data continue to be available in our data bases. This Fact Sheet serves as an index to ground-water data for 1998. 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This was a comprehensive study by a team of USGS scientists in collaboration on technical issues (but not the assessment) with colleagues in other agencies and universities. The study incorporated all available public data and included new field and analytic work as well as the reevaluation of all previous work.
Using a methodology similar to that used in previous USGS assessments in the ANWR and the NPRA, this study estimates that the total quantity of technically recoverable oil in the 1002 area is 7.7 BBO (mean value), which is distributed among 10 plays. Using a conservative estimate of 512 million barrels as a minimum commercially developable field size, then about 2.6 BBO of oil distributed in about three fields is expected to be economically recoverable in the undeformed part of the 1002 area. Using a similar estimated minimum field size, which may not be conservative considering the increased distance from infrastructure, the deformed area would be expected to have about 600 MMBO in one field.
The amounts of in-place oil estimated for the 1002 area are larger than previous USGS estimates. The increase results in large part from improved resolution of reprocessed seismic data and geologic analogs provided by recent nearby oil discoveries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9834","collaboration":"The USGS acknowledges the cooperation of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, Minerals Management Service, and the Alaska Department of Natural Resources (Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Division of Oil and Gas, and Oil and Gas Conservation Commission)","usgsCitation":"ANWR Assessment Team, 1999, The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-34, Introduction: 12 p.; Chapters; 2 CD-ROMs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9834.","productDescription":"Introduction: 12 p.; Chapters; 2 CD-ROMs","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405471,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16437.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1166,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0034/","text":"Index page with links to chapters","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334265,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0028-01/","text":"Fact Sheet 0028–01: Online Report"},{"id":334264,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0034/ANWR1002.pdf","text":"Table of Contents, Introduction"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"ANWR, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.00927734375,\n 69.84246157021256\n ],\n [\n -142.71514892578125,\n 69.69524461137115\n ],\n [\n -142.91015625,\n 69.60259197307883\n ],\n [\n -143.02276611328125,\n 69.57768853364969\n ],\n [\n -143.909912109375,\n 69.5776885336496\n ],\n [\n -143.909912109375,\n 69.64944636884633\n ],\n [\n -144.613037109375,\n 69.64944636884633\n ],\n [\n -144.613037109375,\n 69.69333832362335\n ],\n [\n -146.2554931640625,\n 69.69333832362335\n ],\n [\n -146.2554931640625,\n 69.72001075967263\n ],\n [\n -146.4422607421875,\n 69.8225761110076\n ],\n [\n -146.4312744140625,\n 69.85854556489717\n ],\n [\n -146.1236572265625,\n 70.02434079930296\n ],\n [\n -146.0247802734375,\n 70.04309814378463\n ],\n [\n -145.865478515625,\n 70.16460963678996\n ],\n [\n -145.04150390625,\n 70.01683312770945\n ],\n [\n -144.580078125,\n 70.02434079930296\n ],\n [\n -143.6737060546875,\n 70.15715255172064\n ],\n [\n -142.9705810546875,\n 70.13849806648298\n ],\n [\n -142.5421142578125,\n 70.01307827710367\n ],\n [\n -142.1246337890625,\n 69.8736722051942\n ],\n [\n -142.00927734375,\n 69.84246157021256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Originally published as a set of 2 CD-ROMs; the files are now available online.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ANWR Assessment Team","contributorId":128138,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"ANWR Assessment Team","id":529085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24453,"text":"ofr9910 - 1999 - Oculina Bank: Sidescan sonar and sediment data from a deep-water coral reef habitat off east-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:04:09","indexId":"ofr9910","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-10","title":"Oculina Bank: Sidescan sonar and sediment data from a deep-water coral reef habitat off east-central Florida","docAbstract":"The Experimental Oculina Research Reserve (EORR) is located along the shelf edge off east-central Florida in water depths of about 60 to 100 meters. It is about 7.5 km wide and 43 km long and encompasses numerous high-relief rocky pinnacles where Oculina varicosa, a fragile deep-water coral, grows. These coral reefs have historically been the sites of prolific grouper spawning aggregations and have supported a large variety of other reef fish (Gilmore and Jones, 1992). Serious decline of the fishery in the area prompted the establishment of the EORR.
The data presented in this open-file report were collected as part of a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The project’s goal was to provide reconnaissance geologic maps of the Experimental Oculina Research Reserve and an unprotected control area north of the reserve to support the NMFS studies of grouper spawning aggregations. To accomplish this, we collected sidescan sonar data and sediment samples throughout both study areas and used video and observations from a manned submersible at selected sites. This report includes digital mosaics of the sidescan sonar data, tabulated sediment data, and interpretative maps of the seafloor geology. The video and submersible observations are not included in this report, but were used in the interpretation of the sidescan data.
","language":"English","publisher":"USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program","doi":"10.3133/ofr9910","issn":"0094-9140","isbn":"0607922419","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, K.M., Briere, P.R., and Koenig, C.C., 1999, Oculina Bank: Sidescan sonar and sediment data from a deep-water coral reef habitat off east-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-10, 1 computer optical disc, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9910.","productDescription":"1 computer optical disc","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1786,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-010/htm/einterp.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"MultiPolygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[[-79.975586, 27.88957200000002], [-79.97575899999993, 27.884311000000135], [-79.94577799999996, 27.88467800000012], [-79.94490199999996, 27.49755299999999], [-80.00363199999993, 27.499224000000083], [-80.00344300000002, 27.573067000000105], [-79.99674600000003, 27.57301899999999], [-80.00366699999995, 27.587989], [-80.00418300000003, 27.883230000000005], [-79.975586, 27.88957200000002]]], [[[-80.00493799999998, 28.367136000000066], [-80.00396099999996, 28.36067800000004], [-79.99089, 28.366909000000124], [-79.99059799999998, 28.200552000000123], [-79.97842899999995, 28.203861000000014], [-79.97804400000001, 28.103295000000113], [-79.98468999999999, 28.101446000000053], [-79.98452499999996, 28.06871900000011], [-79.99101999999999, 28.069979000000107], [-79.99116999999995, 28.062499000000056], [-79.99871799999994, 28.062768000000116], [-79.99972899999999, 28.100999000000055], [-80.01140399999991, 28.089542000000105], [-80.01156600000003, 28.098376999999978], [-80.03070999999998, 28.09541900000005], [-80.037215, 28.105751000000105], [-80.03714799999993, 28.126152000000058], [-80.02976999999998, 28.13165399999996], [-80.03656299999999, 28.14286800000001], [-80.03102799999995, 28.360957999999926], [-80.02377399999999, 28.361561999999974], [-80.02346999999997, 28.342790999999988], [-80.01816999999994, 28.343782999999966], [-80.01811399999993, 28.36138099999992], [-80.00493799999998, 28.367136000000066]]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-80.037215, 27.49755299999999, -79.94490199999996, 28.367136000000066], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3090731\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691fab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briere, Peter R.","contributorId":14789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briere","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koenig, Christopher C.","contributorId":195944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koenig","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6288,"text":"pp1612 - 1999 - The effects of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater on the geological framework and correlation of hydrogeologic units of the lower York-James Peninsula, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T19:42:58.746307","indexId":"pp1612","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1612","title":"The effects of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater on the geological framework and correlation of hydrogeologic units of the lower York-James Peninsula, Virginia","docAbstract":"This report documents the highly variable structure, stratigraphy, and buried topography of the outer rim of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater created by its impact and burial. Lithologies of cores are correlated with borehole geophysical logs to characterize the physical properties of the stratigraphic units and their geophysical signatures. The correlation between cores, well cuttings, and borehole geophysical logs is augmented with seismic-reflection data, and these data are compiled into a lithostratigraphic cross section that illustrates the geological framework of the lower York-James Peninsula and immediate surrounding areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1612","usgsCitation":"Powars, D.S., and Scott, B.T., 1999, The effects of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater on the geological framework and correlation of hydrogeologic units of the lower York-James Peninsula, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1612, v, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1612.","productDescription":"v, 82 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410643,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19320.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/prof/p1612/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1612/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33550,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1612/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"lower York-James Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 36.55\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 36.55\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":152451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Bruce T.","contributorId":25936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23503,"text":"ofr98636 - 1999 - Principles and Practices for Quality Assurance and Quality Control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"ofr98636","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-636","title":"Principles and Practices for Quality Assurance and Quality Control","docAbstract":"Quality assurance and quality control are vital parts of highway runoff water-quality monitoring projects. To be effective, project quality assurance must address all aspects of the project, including project management responsibilities and resources, data quality objectives, sampling and analysis plans, data-collection protocols, data quality-control plans, data-assessment procedures and requirements, and project outputs. Quality control ensures that the data quality objectives are achieved as planned. The historical development and current state of the art of quality assurance and quality control concepts described in this report can be applied to evaluation of data from prior projects.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr98636","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (A Contribution to the National Highway Runoff Data and Methodology Synthesis)","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.E., 1999, Principles and Practices for Quality Assurance and Quality Control: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-636, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98636.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9587,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr98-636/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Berwyn E.","contributorId":59459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Berwyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}