{"pageNumber":"1196","pageRowStart":"29875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40894,"records":[{"id":1003608,"text":"1003608 - 2000 - Septicemic pasteurellosis in free-ranging neonatal pronghorn in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T13:49:13","indexId":"1003608","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Septicemic pasteurellosis in free-ranging neonatal pronghorn in Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>As part of a study to determine the cause(s) of population decline and low survival of pronghorn (<i>Antilocapra americana</i>) neonates on Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge (HMNAR), Oregon (USA), 55 of 104 neonates captured during May 1996 and 1997 were necropsied (n = 28, 1996; n = 27, 1997) to determine cause of death. Necropsies were conducted on fawns that died during May, June, or July of each year. The objectives of this study were to report the occurrence and pathology of pasteurellosis in neonates and determine if the isolated strain of <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> was unique. Septicemic pasteurellosis, caused by <i>P. multocida</i>, was diagnosed as the cause of death for two neonates in May and June 1997. Necropsy findings included widely scattered petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages found over a large portion of the subcutaneous tissue, meninges of the brain, epicardium, skeletal muscle, and serosal surface of the thorasic and abdominal cavities. Histological examination of lung tissues revealed diffuse congestion and edema and moderate to marked multifocal infiltrate of macrophages, neutrophils, and numerous bacteria within many terminal bronchioles and alveoli. <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> serotypes A:3,4, and B:1 were isolated from several tissues including lung, intestinal, thorasic fluid, and heart blood. Each B:1 isolate had DNA restriction endonuclease fingerprint profiles distinct from isolates previously characterized from domestic cattle, swan (<i>Olor</i> spp.), moose (<i>Alces alces</i>), and pronghorn from Montana (USA). This is the first report of pasteurellosis in pronghorn from Oregon and the B:1 isolates appear to be unique in comparison to DNA fingerprint profiles from selected domestic and wild species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.383","usgsCitation":"Dunbar, M.R., Wolcott, M.J., Rimler, R., and Berlowski, B.M., 2000, Septicemic pasteurellosis in free-ranging neonatal pronghorn in Oregon: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 36, no. 2, p. 383-388, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.383.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"388","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.383","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.1849365234375,\n              41.98807738309159\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.27307128906249,\n              41.98807738309159\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.27307128906249,\n              42.96446257387128\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1849365234375,\n              42.96446257387128\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1849365234375,\n              41.98807738309159\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5f10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunbar, Michael R.","contributorId":42935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolcott, Mark J.","contributorId":60176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolcott","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rimler, R.B.","contributorId":68274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rimler","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berlowski, Brenda M.","contributorId":12011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlowski","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022438,"text":"70022438 - 2000 - Studies of volcanoes of Alaska by satellite radar interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-27T15:16:52.196758","indexId":"70022438","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Studies of volcanoes of Alaska by satellite radar interferometry","docAbstract":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has provided a new imaging geodesy technique to measure the deformation of volcanoes at tens-of-meter horizontal resolution with centimeter to subcentimeter vertical precision. The two-dimensional surface deformation data enables the construction of detailed numerical models allowing the study of magmatic and tectonic processes beneath volcanoes. This paper summarizes our recent: InSAR studies over the Alaska-Aleutian volcanoes, which include New Trident, Okmok, Akutan, Augustine, Shishaldin, and Westdahl volcanoes. The first InSAR surface deformation over the Alaska volcanoes was applied to New Trident. Preliminary InSAR study suggested that New Trident volcano experienced several centimeters inflation from 1993 to 1995. Using the InSAR technique, we studied the 1997 eruption of Okmok. We have measured ???1.4 m deflation during the eruption, ???20 cm pre-eruptive inflation during 1992 to 1995, and >10 cm post-eruptive inflation within a year after the eruption, and modeled the deformations using Mogi sources. We imaged the ground surface deformation associated with the 1996 seismic crisis over Akutan volcano. Although seismic swarm did not result in an eruption, we found that the western part of the volcano uplifted ???60 cm while the eastern part of the island subsided. The majority of the complex deformation field at the Akutan volcano was modeled by dike intrusion and Mogi inflation sources. Our InSAR results also indicate that the pyroclastic flows from last the last eruption have been undergoing contraction/subsidence at a rate of about 3 cm per year since 1992. InSAR measured no surface deformation before and during the 1999 eruption of Shishaldin and suggested the eruption may be a type of open system. Finally, we applied satellite radar interferometry to Westdahl volcano which erupted 1991 and has been quiet since. We discovered this volcano had inflated about 15 cm from 1993 to 1998. In summary, satellite radar interferometry can not only be used to study a volcanic eruption, but also to detect aseismic deformation at quiescent volcanoes preceding a seismic swarm; it is a useful technique to study volcanic eruptions as well as to guide scientists to better focus their monitoring efforts.","conferenceTitle":"ERS-Envisat Symposium 'Looking Down to Earth in the New Millennium'","conferenceDate":"Oct 16-20 2000","conferenceLocation":"Gothenburg, Sweden","language":"English","publisher":"Europan space Agency","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Wicks, C., Dzurisin, D., Thatcher, W., and Power, J., 2000, Studies of volcanoes of Alaska by satellite radar interferometry, ERS-Envisat Symposium 'Looking Down to Earth in the New Millennium', v. 461, Gothenburg, Sweden, Oct 16-20 2000, p. 81-90.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) 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Jr.","contributorId":87681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Power, J.","contributorId":48699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1015345,"text":"1015345 - 2000 - Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T16:58:37","indexId":"1015345","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>High‐altitude watersheds in the Front Range of Colorado show symptoms of advanced stages of nitrogen excess, despite having less nitrogen in atmospheric deposition than other regions where watersheds retain nitrogen. In two alpine/subalpine subbasins of the Loch Vale watershed, atmospheric deposition of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plus NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was 3.2–5.5 kg N ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, and watershed export was 1.8–3.9 kg N ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for water years 1992–1997. Annual N export increased in years with greater input of N, but most of the additional N was retained in the watershed, indicating that parts of the ecosystem are nitrogen‐limited. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were greatest in subsurface water of talus landscapes, where mineralization and nitrification augment high rates of atmospheric deposition of N. Tundra landscapes had moderately high DIN concentrations, whereas forest and wetland landscapes had low concentrations, indicating little export of nitrogen from these landscapes. Between the two subbasins the catchment of Icy Brook had greater retention of nitrogen than that of Andrews Creek because of landscape and hydrologic characteristics that favor greater N assimilation in both the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These results suggest that export of N from alpine/subalpine watersheds is caused by a combination of direct flushing of N from atmospheric deposition and release of N from ecosystem biogeochemical processes (N cycling). Sensitivity of alpine ecosystems in the western United States to atmospheric deposition of N is a function of landscape heterogeneity, hydrologic flow paths, and climatic extremes that limit primary productivity and microbial activity, which, in turn, control retention and release of nitrogen. Conceptual and mechanistic models of N excess that have been developed for forested ecosystems need to be modified in order to predict the response of alpine ecosystems to future changes in climate and atmospheric deposition of N.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900283","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.H., Baron, J., Tonnessen, K.A., Brooks, P.D., and Schuster, P.F., 2000, Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 37-47, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900283.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900283","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6866aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":322957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tonnessen, Kathy A.","contributorId":9588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnessen","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Paul D.","contributorId":139471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooks","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12566,"text":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, Unviersity of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1015330,"text":"1015330 - 2000 - Estimating cumulative effects of clearcutting on stream temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T11:42:13","indexId":"1015330","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3303,"text":"Rivers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating cumulative effects of clearcutting on stream temperatures","docAbstract":"The Stream Segment Temperature Model was used to estimate cumulative effects of large-scale timber harvest on stream temperature. Literature values were used to create parameters for the model for two hypothetical situations, one forested and the other extensively clearcut. Results compared favorably with field studies of extensive forest canopy removal. The model provided insight into the cumulative effects of clearcutting. Change in stream shading was, as expected, the most influential factor governing increases in maximum daily water temperature, accounting for 40% of the total increase. Altered stream width was found to be more influential than changes to air temperature. Although the net effect from clearcutting was a 4oC warming, increased wind and reduced humidity tended to cool the stream. Temperature increases due to clearcutting persisted 10 km downstream into an unimpacted forest segment of the hypothetical stream, but those increases were moderated by cooler equilibrium conditions downstream. The model revealed that it is a complex set of factors, not single factors such as shade or air temperature, that governs stream temperature dynamics.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J., 2000, Estimating cumulative effects of clearcutting on stream temperatures: Rivers, v. 7, no. 4, p. 284-297.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"284","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, J.M.","contributorId":54530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185214,"text":"70185214 - 2000 - First LC/MS determination of cyanazine amide, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine in groundwater samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T14:24:26","indexId":"70185214","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First LC/MS determination of cyanazine amide, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine in groundwater samples","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cyanazine and two of its major metabolites, cyanazine amide and cyanazine acid, were measured at trace levels in groundwater using liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (LC/APCI/MS). Solid-phase extraction was carried out by passing 20 mL of groundwater sample through a cartridge containing a polymeric phase (PLRP-s), with recoveries ranging from 99 to 108% (</span><i>n</i><span> = 5). Using LC/MS detection in positive ion mode, useful structural information was obtained by increasing the fragmentor voltage, thus permitting the unequivocal identification of these compounds in groundwater samples with low sample volumes. The fragmentation of the amide, carboxylic acid, and cyano group was observed for both metabolites and cyanazine, respectively, leading to a diagnostic ion at </span><i>m</i><span>/</span><i>z</i><span> 214. Method detection limits were in the range of 0.002−0.005 μg/L for the three compounds. Finally, the newly developed method was evaluated for the analysis of groundwater samples from New York containing the compounds under study and presents evidence that the metabolites, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine amide may leach to groundwater and serve as sources for deisopropylatrazine. The combination of on-line SPE and LC/APCI/MS represents an important advance in environmental analysis of herbicide metabolites in groundwater since it demonstrates that trace amounts of polar metabolites may be determined rapidly. Furthermore, the presence of both cyanazine amide and cyanazine acid indicate that another degradation product, deisopropylatrazine, may be occurring at depth because of the subsequent degradation of cyanazine.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es990462g","usgsCitation":"Ferrer, I., Thurman, E., and Barcelo, D., 2000, First LC/MS determination of cyanazine amide, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine in groundwater samples: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 4, p. 714-718, https://doi.org/10.1021/es990462g.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"714","endPage":"718","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba423e4b0849ce97dc79c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrer, Imma","contributorId":169362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrer","given":"Imma","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25480,"text":"Univ of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barcelo, Damia","contributorId":189407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barcelo","given":"Damia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015344,"text":"1015344 - 2000 - Estimating effects of constraints on plant performance with regression quantiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T10:09:04","indexId":"1015344","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating effects of constraints on plant performance with regression quantiles","docAbstract":"<p>Rates of change in final summer densities of two desert annuals, <i>Eriogonum abertianum</i> and <i>Haplopappus gracilis</i>, as constrained by their initial winter germination densities were estimated with regression quantiles and compared with mechanistic fits based on a self-thinning rule proposed by Guo et al. (1998); Oikos 83: 237–245). The allometric relation used was equivalent to <i>S</i>=<i>N</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1=<i>c</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1, where <i>S</i> is the ratio of final to initial densities (survivorship), <i>c</i><i>f</i> is a constant that is a final density specific to the species and environment, <i>N</i><i>i</i> is the initial plant density, and <i>N</i><i>f</i> is final plant density. We used regression quantiles to estimate <i>c</i><i>f</i> assuming the exponent of −1 was fixed (model 1, <i>N</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1=<i>c</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1) and also obtained estimates by treating the exponent as a parameter to estimate (model 2, <i>N</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1=<i>c</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)λ). Regression quantiles allow rates of change to be estimated through any part of a data distribution conditional on some linear function of covariates. We focused on estimates for upper (90–99th) quantiles near the boundary of the summer density distributions where we expected effects of self-thinning to operate as the primary constraint on plant performance. Allometric functions estimated with regression quantiles were similar to functions fit by Guo et al. (1998) when the exponent was constrained to −1. However, the data were more consistent with estimates for model (2), where exponents were closer to −0.4 than −1, although model fit was not as good at higher initial plant densities as when the exponent was fixed at −1. An exponential form (model 3, <i>N</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1=<i>c</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)λ eγNi) that is a generalization of the discrete logistic growth function, where estimates of λ were −0.23 to −0.28 and estimates of γ were −0.003 to −0.006, provided better fit from low to high initial germination densities. Model 3 predictions were consistent with an interpretation that final summer densities were constrained by initial germination densities when these were low (&lt;40 per 0.25 m2 for <i>Eriogonum</i> and &lt;100 per 0.25 m2 for <i>Haplopappus</i>) and were constrained by the self-thinning process at higher germination densities. Our exponential model (3) estimated with regression quantiles had similar form to the mechanistic relation of Guo et al. (1998) when plotted as a survivorship function, but avoided the unrealistic assumption that all populations attained a similar final density, and was based on a statistical model that has formal rules for estimation and inference.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.910205.x","usgsCitation":"Cade, B., and Guo, Q., 2000, Estimating effects of constraints on plant performance with regression quantiles: Oikos, v. 91, no. 2, p. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.910205.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc985","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015943,"text":"1015943 - 2000 - Viability of piping plover Charadrius melodus metapopulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T15:29:40.251357","indexId":"1015943","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viability of piping plover Charadrius melodus metapopulations","docAbstract":"<p><span>The metapopulation viability analysis package,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">VORTEX</span><span>, was used to examine viability and recovery objectives for piping plovers&nbsp;</span><i>Charadrius melodus</i><span>, an endangered shorebird that breeds in three distinct regions of North America. Baseline models indicate that while Atlantic Coast populations, under current management practices, are at little risk of near-term extinction, Great Plains and Great Lakes populations require 36% higher mean fecundity for a significant probability of persisting for the next 100 years. Metapopulation structure (i.e. the delineation of populations within the metapopulation) and interpopulation dispersal rates had varying effects on model results; however, spatially-structured metapopulations exhibited lower viability than that reported for single-population models. The models were most sensitive to variation in survivorship; hence, additional mortality data will improve their accuracy. With this information, such models become useful tools in identifying successful management objectives; and sensitivity analyses, even in the absence of some data, may indicate which options are likely to be most effective. Metapopulation viability models are best suited for developing conservation strategies for achieving recovery objectives based on maintaining an externally derived, target population size and structure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00050-6","usgsCitation":"Plissner, J.H., and Haig, S.M., 2000, Viability of piping plover Charadrius melodus metapopulations: Biological Conservation, v. 92, no. 2, p. 163-173, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00050-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.78515624999999,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.990234375,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.990234375,\n              53.12040528310657\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.78515624999999,\n              53.12040528310657\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.78515624999999,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601fb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plissner, Jonathan H.","contributorId":44880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plissner","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022160,"text":"70022160 - 2000 - Aerial-Photointerpretation of landslides along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T16:17:57.491957","indexId":"70022160","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aerial-Photointerpretation of landslides along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers","docAbstract":"A landslide inventory was conducted along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers in the New Madrid Seismic Zone of southern Illinois, between the towns of Olmsted and Chester, Illinois. Aerial photography and field reconnaissance identified 221 landslides of three types: rock/debris falls, block slides, and undifferentiated rotational/translational slides. Most of the landslides are small- to medium-size, ancient rotational/translational features partially ob-scured by vegetation and modified by weathering. Five imagery sources were interpreted for landslides: 1:250,000-scale side-looking airborne radar (SLAR); 1:40,000-scale, 1:20,000-scale, 1:6,000-scale, black and white aerial photography; and low altitude, oblique 35-mm color photography. Landslides were identified with three levels of confidence on the basis of distinguishing characteristics and ambiguous indicators. SLAR imagery permitted identification of a 520 hectare mega-landslide which would not have been identified on medium-scale aerial photography. The leaf-off, 35-mm color, oblique photography provided the best imagery for confident interpretation of detailed features needed for smaller landslides.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.6.4.311","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Su, W., and Stohr, C., 2000, Aerial-Photointerpretation of landslides along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 6, no. 4, p. 311-323, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.6.4.311.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"323","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri","city":"Chester, Olmsted","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River, Ohio River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.098876953125,\n              37.93553306183642\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.62646484375,\n              37.640334898059486\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.615478515625,\n              37.21283151445594\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.219970703125,\n              36.85325222344018\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.978271484375,\n              37.125286284966805\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.450927734375,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.319091796875,\n              37.13404537126446\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.385009765625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.989501953125,\n              37.448696585910376\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.033447265625,\n              37.640334898059486\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.86865234374999,\n              38.1777509666256\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.099365234375,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.22021484375,\n              37.79676317682161\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              37.61423141542417\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.59374999999999,\n              37.483576550426996\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.582763671875,\n              37.26530995561875\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.01123046875,\n              37.32648861334206\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.26391601562499,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.461669921875,\n              37.79676317682161\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.967041015625,\n              38.09998264736481\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.098876953125,\n              37.93553306183642\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e71ee4b0c8380cd47864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Su, Wen-June","contributorId":42719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"Wen-June","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohr, Christopher","contributorId":8623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohr","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022275,"text":"70022275 - 2000 - Models of downdip frictional coupling for the Cascadia Megathrust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T18:50:46.516422","indexId":"70022275","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Models of downdip frictional coupling for the Cascadia Megathrust","docAbstract":"We have developed models of downdip frictional coupling along two transects across the Cascadia subduction zone in northern Washington and central Oregon. The models involve complicated downdip coupling profiles. Although not unique, our models closely predict available GPS shortening rates and vertical uplift data. We are able to explain relatively low horizontal shortening rates along the Washington coast and small vertical uplift rates in central Oregon. Our models depart from previous models by inclusion of a deeply coupled region assumed to be related to mafic rocks in both the upper and lower plates of the thrust.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999GL005441","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Stanley, D., and Villasenor, A., 2000, Models of downdip frictional coupling for the Cascadia Megathrust: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 10, p. 1551-1554, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL005441.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1551","endPage":"1554","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489191,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl005441","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia subduction zone","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -128.0126953125,\n              48.86471476180277\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.40869140625,\n              45.398449976304086\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.7822265625,\n              44.11914151643737\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.3115234375,\n              43.99281450048989\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.39941406249999,\n              49.023461463214126\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.0126953125,\n              48.86471476180277\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c7ee4b0c8380cd6fd3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, D.","contributorId":62365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villasenor, A.","contributorId":52733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villasenor","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022273,"text":"70022273 - 2000 - Strong motion from surface waves in deep sedimentary basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T13:44:21.426905","indexId":"70022273","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong motion from surface waves in deep sedimentary basins","docAbstract":"It is widely recognized that long-period surface waves generated by conversion of body waves at the boundaries of deep sedimentary basins make an important contribution to strong ground motion. The factors controlling the amplitude of such motion, however, are not widely understood. A study of pseudovelocity response spectra of strong-motion records from the Los Angeles Basin shows that late-arriving surface waves with group velocities of about 1 km/sec dominate the ground motion for periods of 3 sec and longer. The rate of amplitude decay for these waves is less than for the body waves and depends significantly on period, with smaller decay for longer periods. The amplitude can be modeled by the equation log y = f(M, RE) + c + bRB where y is the pseudovelocity response, f(M, RE) is an attenuation relation based on a general strong-motion data set, M is moment magnitude, RE is the distance from the source to the edge of the basin, RB is the distance from the edge of the basin to the recording site, and b and c are parameters fit to the data. The equation gives values larger by as much as a factor of 3 than given by the attenuation relationships based on general strong-motion data sets for the same source-site distance. It is clear that surface waves need to be taken into account in the design of long-period structures in deep sedimentary basins. The ground-motion levels specified by the earthquake provisions of current building codes, in California at least, accommodate the long-period ground motions from basin-edge-generated surface waves for periods of 5 sec and less and earthquakes with moment magnitudes of 7.5 or less located more than 20 km outside the basin. There may be problems at longer periods and for earthquakes located closer to the basin edge. The results of this study suggest that anelastic attenuation may need to be included in attempts to model long-period motion in deep sedimentary basins. To obtain better data on surface waves in the future, operators of strong-motion networks should take special care for the faithful recording of the long-period components of ground motion. It will also be necessary to insure that at least some selected recorders, once triggered, continue to operate for a time sufficient for the surface waves to traverse the basin. With velocities of about 1 km/sec, that time will be as long as 100 sec for a basin the size of the Los Angeles Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000505","usgsCitation":"Joyner, W.B., 2000, Strong motion from surface waves in deep sedimentary basins: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 6B, p. S95-S112, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000505.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"S95","endPage":"S112","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230335,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b89e4b08c986b31cf57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joyner, William B.","contributorId":39786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022173,"text":"70022173 - 2000 - Sensitivity of species habitat-relationship model performance to factors of scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:22:51.409561","indexId":"70022173","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of species habitat-relationship model performance to factors of scale","docAbstract":"Researchers have come to different conclusions about the usefulness of habitat-relationship models for predicting species presence or absence. This difference frequently stems from a failure to recognize the effects of spatial scales at which the models are applied. We examined the effects of model complexity, spatial data resolution, and scale of application on the performance of bird habitat relationship (BHR) models on the Craig Mountain Wildlife Management Area and on the Idaho portion of the U.S. Forest Service's Northern Region. We constructed and tested BHR models for 60 bird species detected on the study areas. The models varied by three levels of complexity (amount of habitat information) and three spatial data resolutions (0.09 ha, 4 ha, 10 ha). We tested these models at two levels of analysis: the site level (a homogeneous area <0.5 ha) and cover-type level (an aggregation of many similar sites of a similar land-cover type), using correspondence between model predictions and species detections to calculate kappa coefficients of agreement. Model performance initially increased as models became more complex until a point was reached where omission errors increased at a rate greater than the rate at which commission errors were decreasing. Heterogeneity of the study areas appeared to influence the effect of model complexity. Changes in model complexity resulted in a greater decrease in commission error than increase in omission error. The effect of Spatial data resolution on the performance of BHR models was influenced by the variability of the study area. BHR models performed better at cover-type levels of analysis than at the site level for both study areas. Correct-presence estimates (1 - minus percentage omission error) decreased slightly as number of species detections increased on each study area. Correct-absence estimates (1 - percentage commission error) increased as number of species detections increased on each study area. This suggests that a large number of detections may be necessary to achieve reliable estimates of model accuracy.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1690:SOSHRM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Karl, J., Heglund, P., Garton, E., Scott, J.M., Wright, N., and Hutto, R., 2000, Sensitivity of species habitat-relationship model performance to factors of scale: Ecological Applications, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1690-1705, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1690:SOSHRM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1690","endPage":"1705","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Craig Mountain Wildlife Management Area, U.S. Forest Service's Northern Region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.96594238281249,\n              46.08085173686784\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.73316955566405,\n              46.08085173686784\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.73316955566405,\n              46.17555135819994\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.96594238281249,\n              46.17555135819994\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.96594238281249,\n              46.08085173686784\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              46.41513877649199\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.312744140625,\n              46.475699386607516\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.268798828125,\n              46.604167162931844\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.36767578124999,\n              46.694667307773116\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.576416015625,\n              46.70973594407157\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.30151367187501,\n              47.27177506640828\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.49926757812499,\n              47.338822694822\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.631103515625,\n              47.60616304386874\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.04858398437499,\n              48.026672195436014\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.026611328125,\n              49.01625665778159\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              46.41513877649199\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d34e4b08c986b3182d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karl, J.W.","contributorId":63978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heglund, P.J.","contributorId":44505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heglund","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garton, E.O.","contributorId":17945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garton","given":"E.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, N.M.","contributorId":72149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hutto, R.L.","contributorId":29347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutto","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022272,"text":"70022272 - 2000 - Deep magmatic structures of Hawaiian volcanoes, imaged by three-dimensional gravity models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T20:52:51.710554","indexId":"70022272","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep magmatic structures of Hawaiian volcanoes, imaged by three-dimensional gravity models","docAbstract":"<p><span>A simplified three-dimensional model for the island of Hawai'i, based on 3300 gravity measurements, provides new insights on magma pathways within the basaltic volcanoes. Gravity anomalies define dense cumulates and intrusions beneath the summits and known rift zones of every volcano. Linear gravity anomalies project southeast from Kohala and Mauna Kea summits and south from Hualālai and Mauna Loa; these presumably express dense cores of previously unrecognized rift zones lacking surface expression. The gravity-modeled dense cores probably define tholeiitic shield–stage structures of the older volcanoes that are now veneered by late alkalic lavas. The three-dimensional gravity method is valuable for characterizing the magmatic systems of basaltic oceanic volcanoes and for defining structures related to landslide and seismic hazards.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<883:DMSOHV>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J., Hildenbrand, T., and Webring, M., 2000, Deep magmatic structures of Hawaiian volcanoes, imaged by three-dimensional gravity models: Geology, v. 28, no. 10, p. 883-886, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<883:DMSOHV>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"Article: 4 p.; Data Release","startPage":"883","endPage":"886","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342323,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<883:DMSOHV>2.0.CO;2.","text":"Gravity data for Island of Hawai`i"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.544189453125,\n              18.786717314577007\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.4732666015625,\n              18.786717314577007\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.4732666015625,\n              20.349777349829886\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.544189453125,\n              20.349777349829886\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.544189453125,\n              18.786717314577007\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe27e4b0c8380cd4eb55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. 0000-0003-3777-503X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":26087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.","contributorId":10207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webring, M.","contributorId":67662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webring","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022269,"text":"70022269 - 2000 - Estimation of potential loss of two pesticides in runoff in Fillmore County, Minnesota using a field-scale process-based model and a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-10T15:35:31.582236","indexId":"70022269","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimation of potential loss of two pesticides in runoff in Fillmore County, Minnesota using a field-scale process-based model and a geographic information system","docAbstract":"In assessing the occurrence, behavior, and effects of agricultural chemicals in surface water, the scales of study (i.e., watershed, county, state, and regional areas) are usually much larger than the scale of agricultural fields, where much of the understanding of processes has been developed. Field-scale areas are characterized by relatively homogeneous conditions. The combination of process-based simulation models and geographic information system technology can be used to help extend our understanding of field processes to water-quality concerns at larger scales. To demonstrate this, the model \"Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems\" was used to estimate the potential loss of two pesticides (atrazine and permethrin) in runoff to surface water in Fillmore County in southeastern Minnesota. The county was divided into field-scale areas on the basis of a 100 m by 100 m grid, and the influences of soil type and surface topography on the potential losses of the two pesticides in runoff was evaluated for each individual grid cell. The results could be used for guidance for agricultural management and regulatory decisions, for planning environmental monitoring programs, and as an educational tool for the public.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agrochemical fate and movement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/bk-2000-0751.ch012","issn":"00976156","usgsCitation":"Capel, P.D., and Hua, Z., 2000, Estimation of potential loss of two pesticides in runoff in Fillmore County, Minnesota using a field-scale process-based model and a geographic information system, <i>in</i> Agrochemical fate and movement, v. 751, p. 172-184, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0751.ch012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"184","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Fillmore County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.7304,43.8503],[-91.7306,43.5023],[-92.0803,43.5021],[-92.0828,43.5021],[-92.4507,43.5026],[-92.4507,43.8361],[-92.4498,43.8507],[-92.0806,43.8508],[-91.7304,43.8503]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Fillmore\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","volume":"751","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ba1e4b0c8380cd527e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hua, Zhang","contributorId":126962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hua","given":"Zhang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6731,"text":"Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":392930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022255,"text":"70022255 - 2000 - Chapter 4. Predicting post-fire erosion and sedimentation risk on a landscape scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T15:39:56.435368","indexId":"70022255","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2471,"text":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 4. Predicting post-fire erosion and sedimentation risk on a landscape scale","docAbstract":"<p>Historic fire suppression efforts have increased the likelihood of large wildfires in much of the western U.S. Post-fire soil erosion and sedimentation risks are important concerns to resource managers. In this paper we develop and apply procedures to predict post-fire erosion and sedimentation risks on a pixel-, catchment-, and landscape-scale in central and western Colorado.</p><p>Our model for predicting post-fire surface erosion risk is conceptually similar to the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). One key addition is the incorporation of a hydrophobicity risk index (HY-RISK) based on vegetation type, predicted fire severity, and soil texture. Post-fire surface erosion risk was assessed for each 90-m pixel by combining HYRISK, slope, soil erodibility, and a factor representing the likely increase in soil wetness due to removal of the vegetation. Sedimentation risk was a simple function of stream gradient. Composite surface erosion and sedimentation risk indices were calculated and compared across the 72 catchments in the study area.</p><p>When evaluated on a catchment scale, two-thirds of the catchments had relatively little post-fire erosion risk. Steeper catchments with higher fuel loadings typically had the highest post-fire surface erosion risk. These were generally located along the major north-south mountain chains and, to a lesser extent, in west-central Colorado. Sedimentation risks were usually highest in the eastern part of the study area where a higher proportion of streams had lower gradients. While data to validate the predicted erosion and sedimentation risks are lacking, the results appear reasonable and are consistent with our limited field observations. The models and analytic procedures can be readily adapted to other locations and should provide useful tools for planning and management at both the catchment and landscape scale.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1300/J091v11n01_04","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, L.H., Sampson, R., Brady, D., Juarros, L., and Martin, D.A., 2000, Chapter 4. Predicting post-fire erosion and sedimentation risk on a landscape scale: Journal of Sustainable Forestry, v. 11, no. 1-2, p. 57-87, https://doi.org/10.1300/J091v11n01_04.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81c3e4b0c8380cd7b6f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, L. H.","contributorId":11791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sampson, R.","contributorId":22111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brady, D.","contributorId":52742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juarros, L.","contributorId":55173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juarros","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":168662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022254,"text":"70022254 - 2000 - A modified ground-motion attenuation relationship for southern California that accounts for detailed site classification and a basin-depth effect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T14:01:30.688727","indexId":"70022254","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A modified ground-motion attenuation relationship for southern California that accounts for detailed site classification and a basin-depth effect","docAbstract":"The attenuation relationship presented by Boore et al. (1997) has been evaluated and customized with respect to southern California strong-motion data (for peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 0.3-, 1.0-, and 3.0-sec period spectral acceleration). This study was motivated by the recent availability of a new site-classification map by Wills et al. (2000), which distinguishes seven different site categories for California based on the 1994 NEHRP classification. With few exceptions, each of the five site types represented in the southern California strong-motion database exhibit distinct amplification factors, supporting use of the Wills et al. (2000) map for microzonation purposes. Following other studies, a basin-depth term was also found to be significant and therefore added to the relationship. Sites near the center of the LA Basin exhibit shaking levels up to a factor of 2 greater, on average, than otherwise equivalent sites near the edge. Relative to Boore et al. (1997), the other primary difference here is that PGA exhibits less variation among the Wills et al. (2000) site types. In fact, the PGA amplification implied by the basin-depth effect is greater than that implied by site classification. The model does not explicitly account for nonlinear sediment effects, which, if important, will most likely influence rock-site PGA predictions the most. Evidence for a magnitude-dependent variability, or prediction uncertainty, is also found and included as an option.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000507","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., 2000, A modified ground-motion attenuation relationship for southern California that accounts for detailed site classification and a basin-depth effect: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 6B, p. 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,{"id":70022174,"text":"70022174 - 2000 - Landscape-based spatially explicit species index models for everglades restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:13:20.824443","indexId":"70022174","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape-based spatially explicit species index models for everglades restoration","docAbstract":"<p><span>As part of the effort to restore the ∼10 000-km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;Everglades drainage in southern Florida, USA, we developed spatially explicit species index (SESI) models of a number of species and species groups. In this paper we describe the methodology and results of three such models: those for the Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow and the Snail Kite, and the species group model of long-legged wading birds. SESI models are designed to produce relative comparisons of one management alternative to a base scenario or to another alternative. The model outputs do not provide an exact quantitative prediction of future biotic group responses, but rather, when applying the same input data and different hydrologic plans, the models provide the best available means to compare the relative response of the biotic groups. We compared four alternative hydrologic management scenarios to a base scenario (i.e., predicted conditions assuming that current water management practices continue). We ranked the results of the comparisons for each set of models. No one scenario was beneficial to all species; however, they provide a uniform assessment, based on the best available observational information, of relative species responses to alternative water-management plans. As such, these models were used extensively in the restoration planning.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1849:LBSESI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Curnutt, J.L., Comiskey, J., Nott, M., and Gross, L., 2000, Landscape-based spatially explicit species index models for everglades restoration: Ecological Applications, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1849-1860, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1849:LBSESI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1849","endPage":"1860","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Big Cypress National Preserve, Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n  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-81.38534545898438,\n              26.257704515406648\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a441fe4b0c8380cd6689d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curnutt, J. L.","contributorId":97845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curnutt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Comiskey, J.","contributorId":54758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comiskey","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nott, M.P.","contributorId":78677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nott","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gross, L.J.","contributorId":65030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022252,"text":"70022252 - 2000 - Observations of storm and river flood-driven sediment transport on the northern California continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022252","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of storm and river flood-driven sediment transport on the northern California continental shelf","docAbstract":"In the winter of 1996-1997, three bottom-boundary layer tripods were placed in an alongshelf array on the northern California continental shelf off Eureka, CA in 60-65-m water depth. During the observation period, multiple storms and river discharge events occurred, as well as the largest flood on record since 1964. Suspended-sediment concentration at all three sites fluctuated in response to both wave resuspension and advection of river-derived sediments. However, considerable spatial differences in low-frequency currents and suspended-sediment concentration were observed at the three sites. Sediment flux vectors calculated during periods of high suspended-sediment concentration suggest a convergence of sediment flux coincident with the center of recent flood deposits. Suspended-sediment concentrations observed at the two northern tripod sites following the large flood reached magnitudes typical of fluid mud (> 10 g/l) in a thin near-bed layer. The net sediment flux during the single three-day event was two orders of magnitude larger than any other event during the winter, and accounted for seven times the flux observed over an entire year (1995-1996). A conceptual model for the advection of sediment to the mid shelf is proposed in which river plume sediments are trapped on the inner shelf either due to a weak front or the rapid input of sediment from a confined plume, and form a thin layer of fluid mud. The fluid mud subsequently is transported seaward due to gravitational forcing. The measured sediment concentration and velocity profiles on the shelf provide strong evidence to support this conclusion. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00065-0","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Ogston, A., Cacchione, D., Sternberg, R., and Kineke, G., 2000, Observations of storm and river flood-driven sediment transport on the northern California continental shelf: Continental Shelf Research, v. 20, no. 16, p. 2141-2162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00065-0.","startPage":"2141","endPage":"2162","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206689,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00065-0"},{"id":230564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6abee4b0c8380cd74317","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ogston, A.S.","contributorId":86920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogston","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sternberg, R.W.","contributorId":90872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sternberg","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kineke, G.C.","contributorId":12214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kineke","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022199,"text":"70022199 - 2000 - Identifying the usage patterns of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other oxygenates in gasoline using gasoline surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022199","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Identifying the usage patterns of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other oxygenates in gasoline using gasoline surveys","docAbstract":"Data on the volumes of oxygenates and other compounds in gasoline are available from several sources collectively referred as gasoline surveys. The gasoline surveys provide the most definitive knowledge of which oxygenate, if any, and what volumes of that oxygenate are being used in various areas of the country. This information is important in water-quality assessments for relating the detection of MTBE in water to patterns of usage of MTBE in gasoline. General information on three surveys that have been conducted by the National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research, the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association, and the EPA was presented. The samples were tested for physical properties and constituents including octane number, specific gravity, and volumes of olefins, aromatics, benzene, alcohols, and various ether oxygenates. The data in each survey had its own utility based on the type of assessment that is undertaken. Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Using NAWQA data, the percent occurrence of MTBE in ground water in metropolitan areas that use substantial amounts of MTBE (> 5% by vol) was ??? 21%, compared to ??? 2% in areas that do not use substantial amounts of MTBE (< 5% by vol). When several other factors are considered in a logistic regression model including MTBE usage in RFG or OXY gasoline areas (??? 3% by vol) as a factor, a 4-6 fold increase in the detection frequency of MTBE in ground water was found when compared to areas that do not use MTBE or use it only for octane enhancement (< 3% by vol).","largerWorkTitle":"ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts","conferenceTitle":"220th ACS National Meeting","conferenceDate":"20 August 2000 through 24 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Wastington, DC","language":"English","issn":"00657727","usgsCitation":"Moran, M., Clawges, R., and Zogorski, J., 2000, Identifying the usage patterns of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other oxygenates in gasoline using gasoline surveys, <i>in</i> ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts, v. 40, no. 2, Wastington, DC, 20 August 2000 through 24 August 2000, p. 209-213.","startPage":"209","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a385be4b0c8380cd6153c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, M.J.","contributorId":7862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clawges, R.M.","contributorId":24779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clawges","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022250,"text":"70022250 - 2000 - Numerical modelling of geothermal and reflux circulation in Enewetak Atoll: Implications for dolomitization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022250","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Numerical modelling of geothermal and reflux circulation in Enewetak Atoll: Implications for dolomitization","docAbstract":"Two types of regional-scale seawater circulation have been proposed to explain the formation of Enewetak Atoll dolomites: geothermal and reflux circulation. We have used a finite element groundwater flow model to examine the pattern, magnitude and dynamic interaction of these two different circulation mechanisms in Enewetak Atoll. Geothermal circulation is concentrated around the atoll-margin whereas refluxing mesosaline brines flow from the atoll interior towards the margin to restrict and eventually shut off geothermal circulation. Refluxing brines of 36-80??? can account for the salinity signature recorded in dolomite fluid inclusions. Distributions of fluid flux and Mg mass-balance calculations suggest that both geothermal and reflux circulation mechanisms could account for the observed distribution of dolomite in Enewetak Atoll. Furthermore, the atoll interior may be extensively dolomitized as observed in other atolls. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Two types of regional-scale seawater circulation have been proposed to explain the formation of Enewetak Atoll dolomites: geothermal and reflux circulation. We have used a finite element groundwater flow model to examine the pattern, magnitude and dynamic interaction of these two different circulation mechanisms in Enewetak Atoll. Geothermal circulation is concentrated around the atoll-margin whereas refluxing mesosaline brines flow from the atoll interior towards the margin to restrict and eventually shut off geothermal circulation. Refluxing brines of 36-80 per mil can account for the salinity signature recorded in dolomite fluid inclusions. Distributions of fluid flux and Mg mass-balance calculations suggest that both geothermal and reflux circulation mechanisms could account for the observed distribution of dolomite in Enewetak Atoll. Furthermore, the atoll interior may be extensively dolomitized as observed in other atolls.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","conferenceTitle":"Geofluids III - 3rd International Conference on Fluid Evolution, Migration and Interaction in Sedimentary Basins and Orogenic Belts","conferenceDate":"12 July 2000 through 14 July 2000","conferenceLocation":"Barcelona, Spain","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6742(00)00010-8","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Jones, G., Whitaker, F., Smart, P., and Sanford, W., 2000, Numerical modelling of geothermal and reflux circulation in Enewetak Atoll: Implications for dolomitization, <i>in</i> Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 69-70, Barcelona, Spain, 12 July 2000 through 14 July 2000, p. 71-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(00)00010-8.","startPage":"71","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(00)00010-8"},{"id":230527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69-70","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68ffe4b0c8380cd73af1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, G.","contributorId":39722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitaker, F.","contributorId":86136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitaker","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smart, P.","contributorId":24951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanford, W.","contributorId":76490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022202,"text":"70022202 - 2000 - Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022202","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data","docAbstract":"Topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data are compared for 50 locations representing varied terrain in the conterminous USA. The topographic characteristics are three parameters used extensively in hydrological research and modelling - slope (S), specific catchment area (A(s)) and a wetness index computed as the logarithm of the specific catchment area divided by slope [ln(A(s)/S)]. Slope values computed from 1000-m DEMs are smaller than those computed from 100-m DEMs; specific catchment area and the wetness index are larger for the 1000-m DEMs compared with the 100-m DEMs. Most of the differences between the 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs can be attributed to terrain-discretization effects in the computation of the topographic characteristics and are not the result of smoothing or loss of terrain detail in the coarse data. In general, the terrain-discretization effects are greatest on flat terrain with long length-scale features, and the smoothing effects are greatest on steep terrain with short length-scale features. For the most part, the differences in the average values of the topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs are predictable; that is, biases in the mean values for the characteristics computed from a 1000-m DEM can be corrected with simple linear equations. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.Topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data are compared for 50 locations representing varied terrain in the conterminous USA. The topographic characteristics are three parameters used extensively in hydrological research and modelling - slope (S), specific catchment area (As) and a wetness index computed as the logarithm of the specific catchment area divided by slope [In(As/S)]. Slope values computed from 1000-m DEMs are smaller than those computed from 100-m DEMs; specific catchment area and the wetness index are larger for the 1000-m DEMs compared with the 100-m DEMs. Most of the differences between the 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs can be attributed to terrain-discretization effects in the computation of the topographic characteristics and are not the result of smoothing or loss of terrain detail in the coarse data. In general, the terrain-discretization effects are greatest on flat terrain with long length-scale features, and the smoothing effects are greatest on steep terrain with short length-scale features. For the most part, the differences in the average values of the topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs are predictable; that is, biases in the mean values for the characteristics computed from a 1000-m DEM can be corrected with simple linear equations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Wolock, D., and McCabe, G., 2000, Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 6, p. 987-1002, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A.","startPage":"987","endPage":"1002","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479339,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::aid-hyp980>3.0.co;2-a","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"id":230446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00f2e4b0c8380cd4f9e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022206,"text":"70022206 - 2000 - The use of earthquake rate changes as a stress meter at Kilauea volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022206","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of earthquake rate changes as a stress meter at Kilauea volcano","docAbstract":"Stress changes in the Earth's crust are generally estimated from model calculations that use near-surface deformation as an observational constraint. But the widespread correlation of changes of earthquake activity with stress has led to suggestions that stress changes might be calculated from earthquake occurrence rates obtained from seismicity catalogues. Although this possibility has considerable appeal, because seismicity data are routinely collected and have good spatial and temporal resolution, the method has not yet proven successful, owing to the nonlinearity of earthquake rate changes with respect to both stress and time. Here, however, we present two methods for inverting earthquake rate data to infer stress changes, using a formulation for the stress- and time-dependence of earthquake rates. Application of these methods at Kilauea volcano, in Hawaii, yields good agreement with independent estimates, indicating that earthquake rates can provide a practical remote-sensing stress meter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/35044054","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Dieterich, J., Cayol, V., and Okubo, P., 2000, The use of earthquake rate changes as a stress meter at Kilauea volcano: Nature, v. 408, no. 6811, p. 457-460, https://doi.org/10.1038/35044054.","startPage":"457","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35044054"},{"id":230485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"408","issue":"6811","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb167e4b08c986b32530d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieterich, J.","contributorId":49953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayol, V.","contributorId":83302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayol","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okubo, P. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":49432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022207,"text":"70022207 - 2000 - Forest clearing and regional landsliding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T21:53:23.897743","indexId":"70022207","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forest clearing and regional landsliding","docAbstract":"<p><span>The influence of forest clearing on landsliding is central to long-standing concern over the effects of timber harvesting on slope stability. Here we document a strong topographic control on shallow landsliding by combining unique ground-based landslide surveys in an intensively monitored study area with digital terrain modeling using high-resolution laser altimetry and a coarser resolution regional study of 3224 landslides. As predicted by our digital terrain–based model, landslides occur disproportionately in steep, convergent topography. In terrain predicted to be at low risk of slope failure, a random model performs equally well to our mechanism-based model. Our monitoring shows that storms with 24 hr rainfall recurrence intervals of less than 4 yr triggered landslides in the decade after forest clearing and that conventional monitoring programs can substantially underestimate the effects of forest clearing. Our regional analysis further substantiates that forest clearing dramatically accelerates shallow landsliding in steep terrain typical of the Pacific Northwest.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<311:FCARL>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, D.R., Schmidt, K., Greenberg, H.M., and Dietrich, W.E., 2000, Forest clearing and regional landsliding: Geology, v. 28, no. 4, p. 311-314, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<311:FCARL>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"314","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Coos Bay","otherGeospatial":"Mettman Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.398193359375,\n              43.271206115959785\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.05899047851561,\n              43.271206115959785\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.05899047851561,\n              43.600284023536325\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.398193359375,\n              43.600284023536325\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.398193359375,\n              43.271206115959785\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a132ce4b0c8380cd5454b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery, D. R.","contributorId":41582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, K. M. 0000-0003-2365-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":59830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenberg, H. M.","contributorId":98067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dietrich, W. E.","contributorId":47538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022240,"text":"70022240 - 2000 - Geochemical modeling of iron, sulfur, oxygen and carbon in a coastal plain aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70022240","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical modeling of iron, sulfur, oxygen and carbon in a coastal plain aquifer","docAbstract":"Fe(III) reduction in the Magothy aquifer of Long Island, NY, results in high dissolved-iron concentrations that degrade water quality. Geochemical modeling was used to constrain iron-related geochemical processes and redox zonation along a flow path. The observed increase in dissolved inorganic carbon is consistent with the oxidation of sedimentary organic matter coupled to the reduction of O2 and SO4/2- in the aerobic zone, and to the reduction of SO4/2- in the anaerobic zone; estimated rates of CO2 production through reduction of Fe(III) were relatively minor by comparison. The rates of CO2 production calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon mass transfer (2.55 x 10-4 to 48.6 x 10-4 mmol 1-1 yr-1) generally were comparable to the calculated rates of CO2 production by the combined reduction of O2, Fe(III) and SO4/2- (1.31 x 10-4 to 15 x 10-4 mmol 1-1 yr-1). The overall increase in SO4/2- concentrations along the flow path, together with the results of mass-balance calculations, and variations in ??34S values along the flow path indicate that SO4/2- loss through microbial reduction is exceeded by SO4/2- gain through diffusion from sediments and through the oxidation of FeS2. Geochemichal and microbial data on cores indicate that Fe(III) oxyhydroxide coatings on sediment grains in local, organic carbon- and SO4/2- -rich zones have localized SO4/2- -reducing zones in which the formation of iron disulfides been depleted by microbial reduction and resulted in decreases dissolved iron concentrations. These localized zones of SO4/2- reduction, which are important for assessing zones of low dissolved iron for water-supply development, could be overlooked by aquifer studies that rely only on groundwater data from well-water samples for geochemical modeling. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.Fe(III) reduction in the Magothy aquifer of Long Island, NY, results in high dissolved-iron concentrations that degrade water quality. Geochemical modeling was used to constrain iron-related geochemical processes and redox zonation along a flow path. The observed increase in dissolved inorganic carbon is consistent with the oxidation of sedimentary organic matter coupled to the reduction of O2 and SO42- in the aerobic zone, and to the reduction of SO42- in the anaerobic zone; estimated rates of CO2 production through reduction of Fe(III) were relatively minor by comparison. The rates of CO2 production calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon mass transfer (2.55??10-4 to 48.6??10-4mmol l-1yr-1) generally were comparable to the calculated rates of CO2 production by the combined reduction of O2, Fe(III) and SO42- (1.31??10-4 to 15??10-4mmol l-1yr-1). The overall increase in SO42- concentrations along the flow path, together with the results of mass-balance calculations, and variations in ??34S values along the flow path indicate that SO42- loss through microbial reduction is exceeded by SO42- gain through diffusion from sediments and through the oxidation of FeS2. Geochemical and microbial data on cores indicate that Fe(III) oxyhydroxide coatings on sediment grains in local, organic carbon- and SO42--rich zones have been depleted by microbial reduction and resulted in localized SO42--reducing zones in which the formation of iron disulfides decreases dissolved iron concentrations. These localized zones of SO42- reduction, which are important for assessing zones of low dissolved iron for water-supply development, could be overlooked by aquifer studies that rely only on groundwater data from well-water samples for geochemical modeling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00296-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.J., Schoonen, M., and Candela, J., 2000, Geochemical modeling of iron, sulfur, oxygen and carbon in a coastal plain aquifer: Journal of Hydrology, v. 237, no. 3-4, p. 147-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00296-1.","startPage":"147","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206607,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00296-1"},{"id":230368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"237","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1688e4b0c8380cd551a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. J.","contributorId":90342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoonen, M.A.A.","contributorId":82479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoonen","given":"M.A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Candela, J.L.","contributorId":6884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Candela","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022566,"text":"70022566 - 2000 - Assessment of the photoenhanced toxicity of a weathered oil to the tidewater silverside","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T12:03:40","indexId":"70022566","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of the photoenhanced toxicity of a weathered oil to the tidewater silverside","docAbstract":"<p><span>Studies were conducted to determine the interactive toxicity of a water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of a weathered middle distillate petroleum and solar radiation to an estuarine organism, the tidewater silverside (</span><i>Menidia beryllina</i><span>). Juvenile silversides were monitored for survival and growth during a 7-d static renewal exposure to dilutions of WAFs of an environmentally weathered oil collected in the vicinity of an abandoned oil field in California. Ultraviolet (UV) treatments were based on incident sunlight intensity and spectra measured at this site. Exposure to UV alone was not lethal to the fish, and WAF in the absence of UV was toxic at the highest total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration (3.03 mg/L) after 96 h of exposure. Water-accommodated fractions toxicity increased significantly with increasing UV irradiance and duration of exposure. The 7-d LC50 concentrations for the control, low, medium, and high irradiance were 2.84, 1.27, 0.93, and 0.51 mg/L TPH, respectively. Significant mortality occurred among fish previously exposed to WAF in the absence of irradiance, whereas WAF toxicity was unaffected by UV exposure prior to the toxicity test. Thus, the mode of action is a photosensitization of the accumulated petroleum residue rather than a photoactivation of WAF. Chemical analysis indicates that the WAF contains limited amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) known to be photoenhanced, suggesting that other constituents may be responsible for the observed photoenhanced toxicity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620190420","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Little, E.E., Cleveland, L., Calfee, R.D., and Barron, M.G., 2000, Assessment of the photoenhanced toxicity of a weathered oil to the tidewater silverside: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 4, p. 926-932, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190420.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"932","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee66e4b0c8380cd49d38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cleveland, Laverne","contributorId":175347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Laverne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calfee, Robin D. 0000-0001-6056-7023 rcalfee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6056-7023","contributorId":1841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calfee","given":"Robin","email":"rcalfee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barron, Mace G.","contributorId":150751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barron","given":"Mace","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":18090,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":394099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022230,"text":"70022230 - 2000 - Modeling regional salinization of the Ogallala aquifer, Southern High Plains, TX, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022230","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling regional salinization of the Ogallala aquifer, Southern High Plains, TX, USA","docAbstract":"Two extensive plumes (combined area > 1000 km2) have been delineated within the Ogallala aquifer in the Southern High Plains, TX, USA. Salinity varies within the plumes spatially and increases with depth; Cl ranges from 50 to >500 mg 1-1. Variable-density flow modeling using SUTRA has identified three broad regions of upward cross-formational flow from the underlying evaporite units. The upward discharge within the modeled plume area is in the range of 10-4-10-5 m3 day-1, and the TDS concentrations are typically >3000 mg 1-1. Regions of increased salinity, identified within the Whitehorse Group (evaporite unit) underlying the Ogallala aquifer, are controlled by the structure and thickness variations relative to the recharge areas. Distinct flow paths, on the order of tens of km to >100 km in length, and varying flow velocities indicate that the salinization of the Ogallala aquifer has been a slow, ongoing process and may represent circulation of waters recharged during Pleistocene or earlier times. On-going pumping has had negligible impact on the salinity distribution in the Ogallala aquifer, although simulations indicate that the velocity distribution in the underlying units may have been affected to depths of 150 m after 30 years of pumping. Because the distribution of saline ground water in this region of the Ogallala aquifer is heterogeneous, careful areal and vertical characterization is warranted prior to any well-field development. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.Two extensive plumes (combined area >1000 km2) have been delineated within the Ogallala aquifer in the Southern High Plains, TX, USA. Salinity varies within the plumes spatially and increases with depth; Cl ranges from 50 to >500 mg l-1. Variable-density flow modeling using SUTRA has identified three broad regions of upward cross-formational flow from the underlying evaporite units. The upward discharge within the modeled plume area is in the range of 10-4-10-5 m3 day-1, and the TDS concentrations are typically >3000 mg l-1. Regions of increased salinity, identified within the Whitehorse Group (evaporite unit) underlying the Ogallala aquifer, are controlled by the structure and thickness variations relative to the recharge areas. Distinct flow paths, on the order of tens of km to >100 km in length, and varying flow velocities indicate that the salinization of the Ogallala aquifer has been a slow, ongoing process and may represent circulation of waters recharged during Pleistocene or earlier times. On-going pumping has had negligible impact on the salinity distribution in the Ogallala aquifer, although simulations indicate that the velocity distribution in the underlying units may have been affected to depths of 150 m after 30 years of pumping. Because the distribution of saline ground water in this region of the Ogallala aquifer is heterogeneous, careful areal and vertical characterization is warranted prior to any well-field development.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00314-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Mehta, S., Fryar, A., Brady, R., and Morin, R.H., 2000, Modeling regional salinization of the Ogallala aquifer, Southern High Plains, TX, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 238, no. 1-2, p. 44-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00314-0.","startPage":"44","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206802,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00314-0"},{"id":230822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"238","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c22e4b0c8380cd6fa71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehta, S.","contributorId":74902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehta","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fryar, A.E.","contributorId":59928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryar","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brady, R.M.","contributorId":70558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}