{"pageNumber":"1198","pageRowStart":"29925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40894,"records":[{"id":1015330,"text":"1015330 - 2000 - Estimating cumulative effects of clearcutting on stream temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T11:42:13","indexId":"1015330","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3303,"text":"Rivers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating cumulative effects of clearcutting on stream temperatures","docAbstract":"The Stream Segment Temperature Model was used to estimate cumulative effects of large-scale timber harvest on stream temperature. Literature values were used to create parameters for the model for two hypothetical situations, one forested and the other extensively clearcut. Results compared favorably with field studies of extensive forest canopy removal. The model provided insight into the cumulative effects of clearcutting. Change in stream shading was, as expected, the most influential factor governing increases in maximum daily water temperature, accounting for 40% of the total increase. Altered stream width was found to be more influential than changes to air temperature. Although the net effect from clearcutting was a 4oC warming, increased wind and reduced humidity tended to cool the stream. Temperature increases due to clearcutting persisted 10 km downstream into an unimpacted forest segment of the hypothetical stream, but those increases were moderated by cooler equilibrium conditions downstream. The model revealed that it is a complex set of factors, not single factors such as shade or air temperature, that governs stream temperature dynamics.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J., 2000, Estimating cumulative effects of clearcutting on stream temperatures: Rivers, v. 7, no. 4, p. 284-297.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"284","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, J.M.","contributorId":54530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008283,"text":"1008283 - 2000 - Preliminary observations of the behavior of male, flat-tailed horned lizards before and after an off-highway vehicle race in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-22T19:09:11.822012","indexId":"1008283","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary observations of the behavior of male, flat-tailed horned lizards before and after an off-highway vehicle race in California","docAbstract":"<p>Animal movements are influenced by many factors, including he need for food and other resources necessary for survival; searching for mates or nest and brood sites; and response to stress, including escape from predators and environmental extremes. Although it is often difficult to determine the exact cause for particular movements by animals, movement, nonetheless, reflects an organism's response to its immediate and changing environment.</p><p>The flat-tailed horned lizard, Phrynosoma mcallii, is found in extreme southern California, southwestern Arizona, and northwestern Mexico. It was proposed for listing as a threatened species under the federal Endangered Species Act, but the proposal was withdrawn (USFWS<sup>3</sup> 1997). A variety of threats were identified in the listing proposal, including habitat destruction and direct mortality due to off-highway vehicle (OHV) activity. Large areas of habitat occupied by flat-tailed horned lizards are negatively impacted by OHV activity (Lovich and Bainbridge 1999). In addition to direct impacts, OHV activity may modify the behavior and possibly, habitat use of this species (Wone and Beauchamp 1995, Beauchamp et al. 1998). In the paper we compare the rates of movement, activity areas, and mean vectors of movement of 3 radio-tagged, male, flat-tailed horned lizards before and after an OHV race.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Nicolai, N., and Lovich, J.E., 2000, Preliminary observations of the behavior of male, flat-tailed horned lizards before and after an off-highway vehicle race in California: California Fish and Game, v. 86, no. 3, p. 208-212.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"208","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6605a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicolai, N.C.","contributorId":94638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicolai","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015344,"text":"1015344 - 2000 - Estimating effects of constraints on plant performance with regression quantiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T10:09:04","indexId":"1015344","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating effects of constraints on plant performance with regression quantiles","docAbstract":"<p>Rates of change in final summer densities of two desert annuals, <i>Eriogonum abertianum</i> and <i>Haplopappus gracilis</i>, as constrained by their initial winter germination densities were estimated with regression quantiles and compared with mechanistic fits based on a self-thinning rule proposed by Guo et al. (1998); Oikos 83: 237–245). The allometric relation used was equivalent to <i>S</i>=<i>N</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1=<i>c</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1, where <i>S</i> is the ratio of final to initial densities (survivorship), <i>c</i><i>f</i> is a constant that is a final density specific to the species and environment, <i>N</i><i>i</i> is the initial plant density, and <i>N</i><i>f</i> is final plant density. We used regression quantiles to estimate <i>c</i><i>f</i> assuming the exponent of −1 was fixed (model 1, <i>N</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1=<i>c</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1) and also obtained estimates by treating the exponent as a parameter to estimate (model 2, <i>N</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1=<i>c</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)λ). Regression quantiles allow rates of change to be estimated through any part of a data distribution conditional on some linear function of covariates. We focused on estimates for upper (90–99th) quantiles near the boundary of the summer density distributions where we expected effects of self-thinning to operate as the primary constraint on plant performance. Allometric functions estimated with regression quantiles were similar to functions fit by Guo et al. (1998) when the exponent was constrained to −1. However, the data were more consistent with estimates for model (2), where exponents were closer to −0.4 than −1, although model fit was not as good at higher initial plant densities as when the exponent was fixed at −1. An exponential form (model 3, <i>N</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1=<i>c</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)λ eγNi) that is a generalization of the discrete logistic growth function, where estimates of λ were −0.23 to −0.28 and estimates of γ were −0.003 to −0.006, provided better fit from low to high initial germination densities. Model 3 predictions were consistent with an interpretation that final summer densities were constrained by initial germination densities when these were low (&lt;40 per 0.25 m2 for <i>Eriogonum</i> and &lt;100 per 0.25 m2 for <i>Haplopappus</i>) and were constrained by the self-thinning process at higher germination densities. Our exponential model (3) estimated with regression quantiles had similar form to the mechanistic relation of Guo et al. (1998) when plotted as a survivorship function, but avoided the unrealistic assumption that all populations attained a similar final density, and was based on a statistical model that has formal rules for estimation and inference.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.910205.x","usgsCitation":"Cade, B., and Guo, Q., 2000, Estimating effects of constraints on plant performance with regression quantiles: Oikos, v. 91, no. 2, p. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.910205.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc985","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015345,"text":"1015345 - 2000 - Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T16:58:37","indexId":"1015345","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>High‐altitude watersheds in the Front Range of Colorado show symptoms of advanced stages of nitrogen excess, despite having less nitrogen in atmospheric deposition than other regions where watersheds retain nitrogen. In two alpine/subalpine subbasins of the Loch Vale watershed, atmospheric deposition of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plus NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was 3.2–5.5 kg N ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, and watershed export was 1.8–3.9 kg N ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for water years 1992–1997. Annual N export increased in years with greater input of N, but most of the additional N was retained in the watershed, indicating that parts of the ecosystem are nitrogen‐limited. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were greatest in subsurface water of talus landscapes, where mineralization and nitrification augment high rates of atmospheric deposition of N. Tundra landscapes had moderately high DIN concentrations, whereas forest and wetland landscapes had low concentrations, indicating little export of nitrogen from these landscapes. Between the two subbasins the catchment of Icy Brook had greater retention of nitrogen than that of Andrews Creek because of landscape and hydrologic characteristics that favor greater N assimilation in both the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These results suggest that export of N from alpine/subalpine watersheds is caused by a combination of direct flushing of N from atmospheric deposition and release of N from ecosystem biogeochemical processes (N cycling). Sensitivity of alpine ecosystems in the western United States to atmospheric deposition of N is a function of landscape heterogeneity, hydrologic flow paths, and climatic extremes that limit primary productivity and microbial activity, which, in turn, control retention and release of nitrogen. Conceptual and mechanistic models of N excess that have been developed for forested ecosystems need to be modified in order to predict the response of alpine ecosystems to future changes in climate and atmospheric deposition of N.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900283","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.H., Baron, J., Tonnessen, K.A., Brooks, P.D., and Schuster, P.F., 2000, Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 37-47, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900283.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900283","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6866aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":322957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tonnessen, Kathy A.","contributorId":9588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnessen","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Paul D.","contributorId":139471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooks","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12566,"text":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, Unviersity of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1001727,"text":"1001727 - 2000 - Prolonged winter undernutrition and the interpretation of urinary allantoin:creatinine ratios in white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-05T10:49:16","indexId":"1001727","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prolonged winter undernutrition and the interpretation of urinary allantoin:creatinine ratios in white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"<p><span>The urinary allantoin:creatinine (A:C) ratio (expressed in micromoles of allantoin to micromoles of creatinine) has shown potential as an index of recent winter energy intake in preliminary controlled studies of elk (</span><i>Cervus elaphus</i><span>) involving mild condition deterioration (up to 11% loss of body mass). To ensure reliable nutritional assessments of free-ranging cervids by measuring A:C ratios of urine in snow, it is essential to extend this work. We assessed the effect of moderate and severe winter nutritional restriction on urinary A:C ratios of captive white-tailed deer (</span><i>Odocoileus virginianus</i><span>) that lost up to 32% body mass and related these ratios to metabolizable energy intake (MEI), body-mass loss, and other reported nutritional indicators. Deer in the control group were fed a low-protein, low-energy diet ad libitum, whereas deer in the treatment group were fed restricted amounts of the same diet. MEI was below the winter maintenance requirement for all deer, but was lower (</span><i>P</i><span> = 0.029) in treatment deer than in control deer. Percent body-mass loss differed between the two groups as the study progressed, and represented the full range of physiological tolerance (0-32% loss). Mean A:C ratios of control deer, which lost up to 17.4% body mass, showed a slight increasing (</span><i>P</i><span> = 0.086) trend, whereas initially similar A:C ratios of severely restricted deer increased (</span><i>P</i><span> = 0.0002) markedly by the eighth week (0.52 vs. 0.09 µmol:µmol). The urinary A:C ratio was not related (</span><i>P</i><span> = 0.839) to recent (2 days prior to urine sampling) MEI, but there was a marginally significant relation (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.42, </span><i>P</i><span> = 0.110) between the A:C ratio and cumulative percent mass loss. The urinary A:C ratio was directly related to urinary urea nitrogen:creatinine (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.59, </span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.0001) and 3-methylhistidine:creatinine (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.43, </span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.0001) ratios. This study confirms that elevated and increasing A:C ratios may be due either to increasing energy intake or to accelerated tissue catabolism and increased endogenous contributions to urinary allantoin excretion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z00-151","usgsCitation":"DelGiudice, G.D., Kerr, K.D., Mech, L.D., and Seal, U.S., 2000, Prolonged winter undernutrition and the interpretation of urinary allantoin:creatinine ratios in white-tailed deer: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 78, no. 12, p. 2147-2155, https://doi.org/10.1139/z00-151.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2147","endPage":"2155","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DelGiudice, Glenn D.","contributorId":64582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DelGiudice","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kerr, Ken D.","contributorId":174746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seal, Ulysses S.","contributorId":25494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Ulysses","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1004128,"text":"1004128 - 2000 - Defining anural malformations in the context of a developmental problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T18:02:05.111906","indexId":"1004128","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2555,"text":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining anural malformations in the context of a developmental problem","docAbstract":"This paper summarizes terminology and general concepts involved in animal development for the purpose of providing background for the study and understanding of frog malformations. The results of our radiographic investigation of rear limb malformations in Rana pipiens provide evidence that frog malformations are the product of early developmental errors. Although bacteria, parasites and viruses were identified in these metamorphosed frogs, the relevant window to look for the teratogenic effect of these agents is in the early tadpole stage during limb development. As a result, our microbiological findings must be regarded as inconclusive relative to determining their contribution to malformations because we conducted our examinations on metamorphosed frogs not tadpoles. Future studies need to look at teratogenic agents (chemical, microbial, physical or mechanical) that are present in the embryo, tadpole, and their environments at the stages of development that are relevant for the malformation type. The impact of these teratogenic agents then needs to be assessed in appropriate animal models using studies that are designed to mimic field conditions. The results of these laboratory tests should then be analyzed in such a way that will allow comparison with the findings in the wild-caught tadpoles and frogs.","language":"English","publisher":"Iowa Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Meteyer, C., Cole, R.A., Converse, K.A., Docherty, D.E., Wolcott, M., Helgen, J., Levey, R., Eaton-Poole, L., and Burkhart, J., 2000, Defining anural malformations in the context of a developmental problem: Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 107, no. 3, p. 72-78.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423306,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.uni.edu/jias/vol107/iss3/7/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":134115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6724e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meteyer, C.U. 0000-0002-4007-3410","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":74327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"C.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":39719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Docherty, D. E.","contributorId":83469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolcott, M.","contributorId":52936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolcott","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Helgen, J.C.","contributorId":74726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helgen","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Levey, R.","contributorId":75118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levey","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Eaton-Poole, L.","contributorId":69521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton-Poole","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Burkhart, J.G.","contributorId":11574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhart","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":1003811,"text":"1003811 - 2000 - Biological and molecular characterizations of Toxoplasma gondii strains obtained from Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T19:33:01.508329","indexId":"1003811","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Biological and molecular characterizations of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> strains obtained from Southern sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris nereis</i>)","title":"Biological and molecular characterizations of Toxoplasma gondii strains obtained from Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)","docAbstract":"<p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i><span>&nbsp;was isolated from brain or heart tissue from 15 southern sea otters (</span><i>Enhydra lutris nereis</i><span>) in cell cultures. These strains were used to infect mice that developed antibodies to&nbsp;</span><i>T. gondii</i><span>&nbsp;as detected in the modified direct agglutination test and had&nbsp;</span><i>T. gondii</i><span>&nbsp;tissue cysts in their brains at necropsy. Mouse brains containing tissue cysts from 4 of the strains were fed to 4 cats. Two of the cats excreted&nbsp;</span><i>T. gondii</i><span>&nbsp;oocysts in their feces that were infectious for mice. Molecular analyses of 13 strains indicated that they were all type II strains, but that they were genetically distinct from one another.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0526:BAMCOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cole, R.A., Lindsay, D.S., Howe, D., Roderick, C., Dubey, J., Thomas, N., and Baeten, L., 2000, Biological and molecular characterizations of Toxoplasma gondii strains obtained from Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis): Journal of Parasitology, v. 86, no. 3, p. 526-530, https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0526:BAMCOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"530","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health 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P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thomas, N. J. 0000-0002-0161-0391","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-0391","contributorId":49731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baeten, L. A.","contributorId":40929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baeten","given":"L. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1017141,"text":"1017141 - 2000 - Ecology and biology of paddlefish in North America: historical perspectives, management approaches, and research priorities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T14:26:25.002968","indexId":"1017141","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology and biology of paddlefish in North America: historical perspectives, management approaches, and research priorities","docAbstract":"<p>Paddlefish (<i>Polyodon spathula</i>, Polyodontidae)are large, mostly-riverine fish that once were abundant in medium- to large-sized river systems throughout much of the central United States. Concern for paddlefish populations has grown from a regional fisheries issue to one of national importance for the United States. In 1989, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) was petitioned to list paddlefish as a federally threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. The petition was not granted, primarily because of a lack of empirical data on paddlefish population size, age structure, growth, or harvest rates across the present 22-state range. Nonetheless, concern for paddlefish populations prompted the USFWS to recommend that paddlefish be protected through the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The addition of paddlefish to Appendix II of CITES, which was approved in March 1992, provides a mechanism to curtail illegal trade in paddlefish and their parts and supports a variety of conservation plans. Paddlefish populations have been negatively affected by overharvest, river modifications, and pollution, but the paddlefish still occupies much of its historic range and most extant populations seem to be stable. Although many facets of paddlefish biology and ecology are well understood, the lack of information on larval and juvenile ecology, mechanisms that determine recruitment, population size and vital rates, interjurisdictional movements, and the effects of anthropogenic activities present significant obstacles for managing paddlefish populations. Questions about the size and structure of local populations, and how such populations are affected by navigation traffic, dams, and pollution are regarded as medium priority areas for future research. The availability of suitable spawning habitat and overall reproductive success in impounded rivers are unknown and represent critical areas for future research. Research on reproductive and recruitment success in impounded rivers have significant implications for managing paddlefish, as rivers are modified further for human use.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1016633604301","usgsCitation":"Jennings, C.A., and Zigler, S.J., 2000, Ecology and biology of paddlefish in North America: historical perspectives, management approaches, and research priorities: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 10, no. 2, p. 167-181, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016633604301.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"181","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627b53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zigler, Stephen J.","contributorId":77472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003663,"text":"1003663 - 2000 - Toxicity of Anacostia River, Washington, D.C., USA, sediment fed to mute swans (Cygnus olor)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T18:26:57.416798","indexId":"1003663","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Toxicity of Anacostia River, Washington, D.C., USA, sediment fed to mute swans (<i>Cygnus olor</i>)","title":"Toxicity of Anacostia River, Washington, D.C., USA, sediment fed to mute swans (Cygnus olor)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sediment ingestion is sometimes the principal route by which waterfowl are exposed to environmental contaminants, and at severely contaminated sites waterfowl have been killed by ingesting sediment. Mute swans (</span><i>Cygnus olor</i><span>) were fed a diet for 6 weeks with a high but environmentally realistic concentration (24%) of sediment from the moderately polluted Anacostia River in the District of Columbia, USA, to estimate the sediment's toxicity. Control swans were fed the same diet without the sediment. Five organochlorine compounds were detected in the treated diets, but none of 22 organochlorine compounds included in the analyses was detected in livers of the treated swans. The concentrations of 24 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons measured in the treated diet were as high as 0.80 mg/kg, and they were thought to have been responsible for the observed induction of hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activity in livers. A concentration of 85 mg/kg of lead in the diet was enough to decrease red blood cell ALAD activity but was not high enough to cause more serious effects of lead poisoning. The dietary concentrations of Al, Fe, V, and Ba were high compared to the concentrations of these elements known to be toxic in laboratory feeding studies. However, the lack of accumulation in the livers of the treated swans suggested that these elements were not readily available from the ingested sediment. We did not study all potential toxic effects, but, on the basis of those that we did consider, we concluded that the treated swans were basically healthy after a chronic exposure to the sediment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620190327","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., Day, D., Melancon, M.J., and Sileo, L., 2000, Toxicity of Anacostia River, Washington, D.C., USA, sediment fed to mute swans (Cygnus olor): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 3, p. 731-735, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190327.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"735","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","city":"District of 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N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, D. 0000-0001-9070-7170","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-7170","contributorId":20298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1003617,"text":"1003617 - 2000 - Type C botulism in dairy cattle from feed contaminated with a dead cat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-18T11:22:50","indexId":"1003617","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2492,"text":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Type C botulism in dairy cattle from feed contaminated with a dead cat","docAbstract":"Four hundred twenty-seven of 441 adult Holstein dairy cattle from a 1,200-cow dairy died over a 1-week period during early spring 1998. Affected animals were from 4 late lactation pens, one of which included the bull string. Signs included weakness, recumbency, watery diarrhea, and death. Eighty animals from the 4 pens were dead approximately 8 hours after the first ill cows were noted. Affected cows would collapse on stimulation and extend all 4 limbs with moderate rigidity. Several lacked lingual tonus and had abdominal breathing patterns. The animals had been fed a load of total mixed ration that included a rotten bale of oat hay containing a dead cat. No common toxicants were identified, and pathologic examination revealed no consistent lesions. Testing of tissue from the cat carcass found in the feed sample using mouse protection bioassay identified the presence of type C botulinum toxin. Samples of feed, tissue from affected animals, cat tissue from feed, milk, and serum were also tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for type C botulinum. Two samples of rumen contents were tested and found to be positive for botulism by ELISA, and 1 of 3 liver samples had a weak positive finding. No botulinum toxin was found in milk or sera using the ELISA.","language":"English","doi":"10.1177/104063870001200302","usgsCitation":"Galey, F., Terra, R., Walker, R., Adaska, J., Etchebarne, M., Puschener, B., Whitlock, R., Rocke, T., Willoughby, D., and Tor, E., 2000, Type C botulism in dairy cattle from feed contaminated with a dead cat: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, v. 12, no. 3, p. 204-209, https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870001200302.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db61638f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galey, F.D.","contributorId":82257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galey","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terra, R.","contributorId":57405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terra","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, R.","contributorId":64182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adaska, J.","contributorId":30576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adaska","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Etchebarne, M.A.","contributorId":58229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Etchebarne","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Puschener, B.","contributorId":20283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puschener","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whitlock, R.H.","contributorId":101600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlock","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":88680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Willoughby, D.","contributorId":28561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willoughby","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tor, E.","contributorId":19508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tor","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":1003608,"text":"1003608 - 2000 - Septicemic pasteurellosis in free-ranging neonatal pronghorn in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T13:49:13","indexId":"1003608","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Septicemic pasteurellosis in free-ranging neonatal pronghorn in Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>As part of a study to determine the cause(s) of population decline and low survival of pronghorn (<i>Antilocapra americana</i>) neonates on Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge (HMNAR), Oregon (USA), 55 of 104 neonates captured during May 1996 and 1997 were necropsied (n = 28, 1996; n = 27, 1997) to determine cause of death. Necropsies were conducted on fawns that died during May, June, or July of each year. The objectives of this study were to report the occurrence and pathology of pasteurellosis in neonates and determine if the isolated strain of <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> was unique. Septicemic pasteurellosis, caused by <i>P. multocida</i>, was diagnosed as the cause of death for two neonates in May and June 1997. Necropsy findings included widely scattered petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages found over a large portion of the subcutaneous tissue, meninges of the brain, epicardium, skeletal muscle, and serosal surface of the thorasic and abdominal cavities. Histological examination of lung tissues revealed diffuse congestion and edema and moderate to marked multifocal infiltrate of macrophages, neutrophils, and numerous bacteria within many terminal bronchioles and alveoli. <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> serotypes A:3,4, and B:1 were isolated from several tissues including lung, intestinal, thorasic fluid, and heart blood. Each B:1 isolate had DNA restriction endonuclease fingerprint profiles distinct from isolates previously characterized from domestic cattle, swan (<i>Olor</i> spp.), moose (<i>Alces alces</i>), and pronghorn from Montana (USA). This is the first report of pasteurellosis in pronghorn from Oregon and the B:1 isolates appear to be unique in comparison to DNA fingerprint profiles from selected domestic and wild species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.383","usgsCitation":"Dunbar, M.R., Wolcott, M.J., Rimler, R., and Berlowski, B.M., 2000, Septicemic pasteurellosis in free-ranging neonatal pronghorn in Oregon: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 36, no. 2, p. 383-388, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.383.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"388","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.383","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.1849365234375,\n              41.98807738309159\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.27307128906249,\n              41.98807738309159\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.27307128906249,\n              42.96446257387128\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1849365234375,\n              42.96446257387128\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1849365234375,\n              41.98807738309159\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5f10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunbar, Michael R.","contributorId":42935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolcott, Mark J.","contributorId":60176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolcott","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rimler, R.B.","contributorId":68274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rimler","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berlowski, Brenda M.","contributorId":12011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlowski","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1013193,"text":"1013193 - 2000 - Predictability of Bristol Bay, Alaska, sockeye salmon returns one to four years in the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T09:59:38","indexId":"1013193","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictability of Bristol Bay, Alaska, sockeye salmon returns one to four years in the future","docAbstract":"Historically, forecast error for returns of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka to Bristol Bay, Alaska, has been large. Using cross-validation forecast error as our criterion, we selected forecast models for each of the nine principal Bristol Bay drainages. Competing forecast models included stock-recruitment relationships, environmental variables, prior returns of siblings, or combinations of these predictors. For most stocks, we found prior returns of siblings to be the best single predictor of returns; however, forecast accuracy was low even when multiple predictors were considered. For a typical drainage, an 80% confidence interval ranged from one half to double the point forecast. These confidence intervals appeared to be appropriately wide.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2000)020<0069:POBBAS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Adkison, M.D., and Peterson, R., 2000, Predictability of Bristol Bay, Alaska, sockeye salmon returns one to four years in the future: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 20, no. 1, p. 69-80, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2000)020<0069:POBBAS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"80","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bristol Bay","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f5e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adkison, Milo D.","contributorId":100791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adkison","given":"Milo","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, R.M.","contributorId":73563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23281,"text":"ofr99113 - 2000 - Water quality modeling in the systems impact assessment model for the Klamath River basin - Keno, Oregon to Seiad Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T09:37:06","indexId":"ofr99113","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-113","title":"Water quality modeling in the systems impact assessment model for the Klamath River basin - Keno, Oregon to Seiad Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the water quality model developed for the Klamath River System Impact Assessment Model (SIAM). The Klamath River SIAM is a decision support system developed by the authors and other US Geological Survey (USGS), Midcontinent Ecological Science Center staff to study the effects of basin-wide water management decisions on anadromous fish in the Klamath River. The Army Corps of Engineersa?? HEC5Q water quality modeling software was used to simulate water temperature, dissolved oxygen and conductivity in 100 miles of the Klamath River Basin in Oregon and California. The water quality model simulated three reservoirs and the mainstem Klamath River influenced by the Shasta and Scott River tributaries. Model development, calibration and two validation exercises are described as well as the integration of the water quality model into the SIAM decision support system software. Within SIAM, data are exchanged between the water quantity model (MODSIM), the water quality model (HEC5Q), the salmon population model (SALMOD) and methods for evaluating ecosystem health. The overall predictive ability of the water quality model is described in the context of calibration and validation error statistics. Applications of SIAM and the water quality model are described.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr99113","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board, University of California at Davis, and PacifiCorp","usgsCitation":"Hanna, R.B., and Campbell, S.G., 2000, Water quality modeling in the systems impact assessment model for the Klamath River basin - Keno, Oregon to Seiad Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-113, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99113.","productDescription":"82 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99113.PNG"},{"id":320306,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","city":"Keno, Seiad Valley","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.18283081054688,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.18283081054688,\n              42.1817234984124\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97296142578124,\n              42.1817234984124\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97296142578124,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.18283081054688,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d4e4b07f02db548f2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanna, R. Blair","contributorId":67547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Blair","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Sharon G.","contributorId":23173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010279,"text":"70010279 - 2000 - Use of isotopically labeled fertilizer to trace nitrogen fertilizer contributions to surface, soil, and ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:21","indexId":"70010279","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2257,"text":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of isotopically labeled fertilizer to trace nitrogen fertilizer contributions to surface, soil, and ground water","docAbstract":"The fate and transport of a single N fertilizer application through plants, soil, runoff, and the unsaturated and saturated zones was determined for four years at a field site under continuous corn (Zea mays L.) management. Claypan soils, which underlie the site, were hypothesized to restrict the movement of agrichemicals from the soil surface to ground water. However, N fertilizer moved rapidly through preferential flow paths in the soil and into the underlying glacial till aquifer. Most N transport occurred during the fall and winter when crops were not available to use excess N. Forty months after application, 33 percent of the fertilizer had been removed by grain harvests, 30 percent had been transpired to the atmosphere, and 33 percent had migrated to ground water. Although runoff volumes were 50 percent greater than infiltration, less than 2 percent of the fertilizer was lost to runoff. Small measured denitrification rates and large measured dissolved oxygen concentrations in ground water favor the long-term stability of NO3-1 in ground water. Successive fertilizer applications, in areas that lack the ability to moderate N concentrations through consumptive N reactions, risk the potential of N-saturated ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10583912","usgsCitation":"Wilkison, D., Blevins, D.W., and Silva, S.R., 2000, Use of isotopically labeled fertilizer to trace nitrogen fertilizer contributions to surface, soil, and ground water: Journal of Environmental Hydrology, v. 8.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf32e4b08c986b3299f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkison, D.H.","contributorId":39800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkison","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blevins, D. W.","contributorId":75940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blevins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silva, S. R.","contributorId":27474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70010278,"text":"70010278 - 2000 - Analyzing slug tests in wells screened across the watertable: A field assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-02T09:50:32","indexId":"70010278","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analyzing slug tests in wells screened across the watertable: A field assessment","docAbstract":"<p>The slug test is the most widely used technique for the in situ estimation of hydraulic conductivity in confined and unconfined formations. Currently, there are no generally accepted methods in the groundwater literature for the analysis of response data from slug tests performed in wells screened across the watertable. A field study was undertaken in an attempt to develop a set of practical guidelines for tests conducted in such wells. Three wells, screened within unconsolidated material exhibiting a range of hydraulic conductivities (.05-30.0 m/day), were installed to depths of up to 9 m (30 ft) in Kansas River alluvium that ranges in thickness from 15 m to 21 m (50 ft to 70 ft) near Lawrence, Kansas. Intensive well-development efforts removed any drilling debris that could interfere with well-formation hydraulics. Once the wells were developed properly, a series of slug tests was performed at each well. The tests were designed to assess the role of the unsaturated zone and the appropriateness of assuming a fixed hydraulic head upper boundary. The results of this investigation can be summarized as follows: (1) the sufficiency of well development should be based on repeat slug tests and not the clarity of pumped water; (2) the effective screen radius for best model analysis should be based on a mass balance and not nominal screen dimensions; (3) the watertable can be represented as a constant head boundary and flow in the unsaturated zone can be ignored in most situations; (4) conventional techniques for the analysis of slug-test data seem to be reasonable for slug tests conducted in wells screened across the watertable, when used with the appropriate effective screen radius and normalized head range; and (5) fluctuations in the watertable elevation through time can be exploited to obtain some insight into the nature of vertical variation in hydraulic conductivity at a well. The results of this investigation indicate that multiple slug tests should be performed at wells screened across the watertable in order to reliably assess the sufficiency of well development and the appropriateness of conventional theory. ?? 2000 International Association for Mathematical Geology.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1010191309737","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Stanford, K., and McElwee, C., 2000, Analyzing slug tests in wells screened across the watertable: A field assessment: Natural Resources Research, v. 9, no. 2, p. 111-124, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010191309737.","startPage":"111","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebeee4b0c8380cd48f8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanford, K.L.","contributorId":79616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanford","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McElwee, C.D.","contributorId":66408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElwee","given":"C.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30555,"text":"wri014007 - 2000 - Simulations of flooding on Tchoutacabouffa River at State Highways 15 and 67 at D'Iberville, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T18:31:55.160531","indexId":"wri014007","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4007","title":"Simulations of flooding on Tchoutacabouffa River at State Highways 15 and 67 at D'Iberville, Mississippi","docAbstract":"<p>A two-dimensional finite-element surface-water model was used to simulate the effects of the proposed State Highways 15 and 67 relocation on water-surface elevations and flow distributions for the 100-year flood on the Tchoutacabouffa River at D'Iberville, Mississippi. The Mississippi Department of Transportation plans to relocate State Highways 15 and 67 by removing a portion of the existing four-lane highway and constructing a four-lane facility upstream of the existing alignment. The proposed alignment is located on the northern floodplain and will tie into the existing highway about 1,000 feet north of the dual State Highways 15 and 67 bridges. The proposed alignment will intercept flows that cross the existing highway during large floods. Seven scenarios were simulated for the 100-year flood, including four proposed alternative configurations for drainage structures. The model grid was developed by using surveyed floodplain cross sections and channel bathymetry data obtained by using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, in combination with a global positioning system. The model was calibrated and verified by using surveyed flood profiles through the study reach and flood discharge measurements obtained at the State Highways 15 and 67 crossing. Model parameters were adjusted so that the computed water-surface profiles agreed closely with the surveyed flood profiles. Computed water-surface differentials across the proposed alignment near the northern edge of the floodplain for the four alternatives proposed by the Mississippi Department of Transportation ranged from 1.4 to 2.6 feet. Much lower differentials were computed in the vicinity of the main-channel bridge. The computed water-surface elevation at McCully Drive, upstream of the proposed alignment, was 17.3 feet for existing conditions. Computed water-surface elevations at McCully Drive for the proposed alternatives ranged from 17.3 to 17.8 feet.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Winters, K.E., 2000, Simulations of flooding on Tchoutacabouffa River at State Highways 15 and 67 at D'Iberville, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4007, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014007.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":400107,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34904.htm"},{"id":401772,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","city":"D'Iberville","otherGeospatial":"Tchoutacabouffa River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.92419815063477,\n              30.454149023624225\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.89003753662108,\n              30.454149023624225\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.89003753662108,\n              30.476491157902103\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.92419815063477,\n              30.476491157902103\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.92419815063477,\n              30.454149023624225\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3fe7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, Karl E. kwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":3554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"Karl","email":"kwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":203448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022424,"text":"70022424 - 2000 - Quantification of the microphytobenthic primary production in european intertidal mudflats - A modelling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70022424","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantification of the microphytobenthic primary production in european intertidal mudflats - A modelling approach","docAbstract":"A deterministic model quantifying the dynamics of the microphytobenthic biomass in the first centimeter of the mud was formulated as part of the MAST-III/INTRMUD project. The main modelled processes are production by photosynthesis, active vertical migration of the microphytobenthos and global biomass losses, encompassing grazing, mortality and resuspension during immersion periods. The model emphasizes the role of the interface between mud and air, which is crucial for the production. The microalgal biofilm present at the mud surface during day-time emersion periods induces most of the differences between microphytobenthos and phytoplankton communities dynamics. The study of the mathematical properties of the system, under some simplifying assumptions, shows the convergence of the solutions to a stable cyclic equilibrium, in the whole observed range of the frequencies of the physical synchronizers of the production. Resilience time estimates suggest that microphytobenthic biomass attains an equilibrium rapidly, even after a strong perturbation. Around the equilibrium, the local model solutions agree fairly with the in situ observed dynamics of the total biomass. The sensitivity analysis suggests investigating the processes governing biomass losses, which are so far uncertain, and may further vary in space and time. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00047-9","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Guarini, J.-., Blanchard, G.F., and Gros, P., 2000, Quantification of the microphytobenthic primary production in european intertidal mudflats - A modelling approach: Continental Shelf Research, v. 20, no. 12-13, p. 1771-1788, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00047-9.","startPage":"1771","endPage":"1788","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206598,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00047-9"},{"id":230347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"12-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91b8e4b0c8380cd80409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guarini, J. -M.","contributorId":64829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guarini","given":"J.","middleInitial":"-M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchard, G. F.","contributorId":72957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gros, P.","contributorId":96855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gros","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30624,"text":"wri004156 - 2000 - A revised load estimation procedure for the Susquehanna, Potomac, Patuxent, and Choptank rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T18:42:49.98233","indexId":"wri004156","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4156","title":"A revised load estimation procedure for the Susquehanna, Potomac, Patuxent, and Choptank rivers","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey's Chesapeake Bay River Input Program has updated the nutrient and suspended-sediment load data base for the Susquehanna, Potomac, Patuxent, and Choptank Rivers using a multiple-window, center-estimate regression methodology. The revised method optimizes the seven-parameter regression approach that has been used historically by the program. The revised method estimates load using the fifth or center year of a sliding 9-year window. Each year a new model is run for each site and constituent, the most recent year is added, and the previous 4 years of estimates are updated. The fifth year in the 9-year window is considered the best estimate and is kept in the data base. The last year of estimation shows the most change from the previous year's estimate and this change approaches a minimum at the fifth year. Differences between loads computed using this revised methodology and the loads populating the historical data base have been noted but the load estimates do not typically change drastically. The data base resulting from the application of this revised methodology is populated by annual and monthly load estimates that are known with greater certainty than in the previous load data base.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004156","usgsCitation":"Yochum, S.E., 2000, A revised load estimation procedure for the Susquehanna, Potomac, Patuxent, and Choptank rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4156, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004156.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2939,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415367,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34747.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna, Potomac, Patuxent, and Choptank Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.75,\n              42.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.75,\n              37.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.067,\n              37.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.067,\n              42.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.75,\n              42.833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b18e4b07f02db6a7359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yochum, Steven E.","contributorId":72835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yochum","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44850,"text":"wri994130 - 2000 - VS2DI—A graphical software package for simulating fluid flow and solute or energy transport in variably saturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-17T14:55:48.127481","indexId":"wri994130","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4130","title":"VS2DI—A graphical software package for simulating fluid flow and solute or energy transport in variably saturated porous media","docAbstract":"<p>VS2DI is a graphical software package for simulating flow and transport in variably saturated porous media in one or two dimensions using cartesian or radial coordinate systems. This software package consists of three components: (i) VS2DTI, for simulating fluid flow and solute transport, (ii) VS2DHI, for simulating fluid flow and energy (heat) transport, and (iii) VS2POST, a standalone postprocessor, for viewing results saved from previous simulation runs. Both VS2DTI and VS2DHI combine a graphical user interface with a numerical model to create an integrated, window-based modeling environment. Users can easily specify or change the model domain, hydraulic and transport properties, initial and boundary conditions, grid spacing, and other model parameters. Simulation results can be displayed as contours of pressure head, moisture content, saturation, concentration or temperature, and velocity or flux for each time step, thus creating a simple animation. The numerical models used for flow and transport calculations are the U.S. Geological Survey’s computer models VS2DT (for solute transport) and VS2DH (for energy transport). Although these models are integrated into the software package, their source codes are maintained as individual Fortran programs that can be compiled and run separately from the graphical user interface. This report provides an overview of the features and capabilities of the VS2DI software package. Detailed instructions on how to use the software are provided by on-line help manuals and tutorials that are included in the software.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994130","usgsCitation":"Hsieh, P.A., Wingle, W., and Healy, R.W., 2000, VS2DI—A graphical software package for simulating fluid flow and solute or energy transport in variably saturated porous media: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4130, Report: iii, 16 p.; Software Release, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994130.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 16 p.; Software Release","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4130/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":466643,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4130/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466644,"rank":3,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/software/vs2di-version-13","text":"VS2DI Version 1.3"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602d27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingle, W.L.","contributorId":42644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingle","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022248,"text":"70022248 - 2000 - Discrepancy between earthquake rates implied by historic earthquakes and a consensus geologic source model for California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022248","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discrepancy between earthquake rates implied by historic earthquakes and a consensus geologic source model for California","docAbstract":"We examine the difference between expected earthquake rates inferred from the historical earthquake catalog and the geologic data that was used to develop the consensus seismic source characterization for the state of California [California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Petersen et al., 1996; Frankel et al., 1996]. On average the historic earthquake catalog and the seismic source model both indicate about one M 6 or greater earthquake per year in the state of California. However, the overall earthquake rates of earthquakes with magnitudes (M) between 6 and 7 in this seismic source model are higher, by at least a factor of 2, than the mean historic earthquake rates for both southern and northern California. The earthquake rate discrepancy results from a seismic source model that includes earthquakes with characteristic (maximum) magnitudes that are primarily between M 6.4 and 7.1. Many of these faults are interpreted to accommodate high strain rates from geologic and geodetic data but have not ruptured in large earthquakes during historic time. Our sensitivity study indicates that the rate differences between magnitudes 6 and 7 can be reduced by adjusting the magnitude-frequency distribution of the source model to reflect more characteristic behavior, by decreasing the moment rate available for seismogenic slip along faults, by increasing the maximum magnitude of the earthquake on a fault, or by decreasing the maximum magnitude of the background seismicity. However, no single parameter can be adjusted, consistent with scientific consensus, to eliminate the earthquake rate discrepancy. Applying a combination of these parametric adjustments yields an alternative earthquake source model that is more compatible with the historic data. The 475-year return period hazard for peak ground and 1-sec spectral acceleration resulting from this alternative source model differs from the hazard resulting from the standard CDMG-USGS model by less than 10% across most of California but is higher (generally about 10% to 30%) within 20 km from some faults.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0119990008","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M., Cramer, C., Reichle, M., Frankel, A., and Hanks, T.C., 2000, Discrepancy between earthquake rates implied by historic earthquakes and a consensus geologic source model for California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 5, p. 1117-1132, https://doi.org/10.1785/0119990008.","startPage":"1117","endPage":"1132","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206661,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0119990008"},{"id":230489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01f4e4b0c8380cd4fdf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, M.D.","contributorId":51319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cramer, C.H.","contributorId":100012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichle, M.S.","contributorId":14845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichle","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frankel, A.D.","contributorId":53828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022562,"text":"70022562 - 2000 - Laboratory measurements of compressional and shear wave speeds through methane hydrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T10:29:06","indexId":"70022562","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Laboratory measurements of compressional and shear wave speeds through methane hydrate","docAbstract":"Simultaneous measurements of compressional and shear wave speeds through polycrystalline methane hydrate have been made. Methane hydrate, grown directly in a wave speed measurement chamber, was uniaxially compacted to a final porosity below 2%. At 277 K, the compacted material had a compressional wave speed of 3650 ?? 50 m/s. The shear wave speed, measured simultaneously, was 1890 ?? 30 m/s. From these wave speed measurements, we derive V(p)/V(s), Poisson's ratio, bulk, shear, and Young's moduli.","largerWorkTitle":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06855.x","issn":"00778923","usgsCitation":"Waite, W., Helgerud, M., Nur, A., Pinkston, J., Stern, L., Kirby, S.H., and Durham, W., 2000, Laboratory measurements of compressional and shear wave speeds through methane hydrate, <i>in</i> Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 912, p. 1003-1010, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06855.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1003","endPage":"1010","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc624669/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"912","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4110e4b0c8380cd6527f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, W.F.","contributorId":40329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helgerud, M.B.","contributorId":10946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helgerud","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nur, A.","contributorId":31114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nur","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pinkston, J.C.","contributorId":68063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinkston","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Durham, W.B.","contributorId":72135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022839,"text":"70022839 - 2000 - An organized signal in snowmelt runoff over the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T05:45:36","indexId":"70022839","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An organized signal in snowmelt runoff over the western United States","docAbstract":"<p>Daily-to-weekly discharge during the snowmelt season is highly correlated among river basins in the upper elevations of the central and southern Sierra Nevada (Carson, Walker, Tuolumne, Merced, San Joaquin, Kings, and Kern Rivers). In many cases, the upper Sierra Nevada watershed operates in a single mode (with varying catchment amplitudes). In some years, with appropriate lags, this mode extends to distant mountains. A reason for this coherence is the broad scale nature of synoptic features in atmospheric circulation, which provide anomalous insolation and temperature forcings that span a large region, sometimes the entire western U.S. These correlations may fall off dramatically, however, in dry years when the snowpack is spatially patchy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04278.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.H., Smith, R.E., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., and Riddle, L., 2000, An organized signal in snowmelt runoff over the western United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 2, p. 421-432, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04278.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"432","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaa6e4b0c8380cd489c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. E.","contributorId":76366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riddle, L.","contributorId":47550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022331,"text":"70022331 - 2000 - A method for mapping apparent stress and energy radiation applied to the 1994 Northridge earthquake fault zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T11:31:59","indexId":"70022331","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method for mapping apparent stress and energy radiation applied to the 1994 Northridge earthquake fault zone","docAbstract":"Using the Northridge earthquake as an example, we demonstrate a new technique able to resolve apparent stress within subfaults of a larger fault plane. From the model of Wald et al. (1996), we estimated apparent stress for each subfault using τ<sub>a</sub> = (G/β)<Ḋ>/2 where G is the modulus of rigidity, β is the shear wave speed, and <Ḋ> is the average slip rate. The image of apparent stress mapped over the Northridge fault plane supports the idea that the stresses causing fault slip are inhomogeneous, but limited by the strength of the crust. Indeed, over the depth range 5 to 17 km, maximum values of apparent stress for a given depth interval agree with τ<sub>a</sub>(max)=0.06S(z), where S is the laboratory estimate of crustal strength as a function of depth z. The seismic energy from each subfault was estimated from the product τ<sub>a</sub>DA, where A is subfault area and D its slip. Over the fault zone, we found that the radiated energy is quite variable spatially, with more than 50% of the total coming from just 15% of the subfaults.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/1999GL011344","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., and Fletcher, J.B., 2000, A method for mapping apparent stress and energy radiation applied to the 1994 Northridge earthquake fault zone: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 13, p. 1953-1956, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011344.","startPage":"1953","endPage":"1956","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011344"},{"id":230607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e454e4b0c8380cd465ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022247,"text":"70022247 - 2000 - A hybrid orographic plus statistical model for downscaling daily precipitation in northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T17:28:12.861188","indexId":"70022247","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hybrid orographic plus statistical model for downscaling daily precipitation in northern California","docAbstract":"<p>A<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"hi\">hybrid</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(physical–statistical) scheme is developed to resolve the finescale distribution of daily precipitation over complex terrain. The scheme generates precipitation by combining information from the upper-air conditions and from sparsely distributed station measurements; thus, it proceeds in two steps. First, an initial estimate of the precipitation is made using a simplified<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"hi\">orographic</span><span>&nbsp;</span>precipitation model. It is a steady-state, multilayer, and two-dimensional model following the concepts of Rhea. The model is driven by the 2.5° × 2.5° gridded National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration–National Centers for Environmental Prediction upper-air profiles, and its parameters are tuned using the observed precipitation structure of the region. Precipitation is generated assuming a forced lifting of the air parcels as they cross the mountain barrier following a straight trajectory. Second, the precipitation is adjusted using errors between derived precipitation and observations from nearby sites. The study area covers the northern half of California, including coastal mountains, central valley, and the Sierra Nevada. The model is run for a 5-km rendition of terrain for days of January–March over the period of 1988–95. A jackknife analysis demonstrates the validity of the approach. The spatial and temporal distributions of the simulated precipitation field agree well with the observed precipitation. Further, a mapping of model performance indices (correlation coefficients, model bias, root-mean-square error, and threat scores) from an array of stations from the region indicates that the model performs satisfactorily in resolving daily precipitation at 5-km resolution.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1525-7541(2000)001<0491:AHOPSM>2.0.CO;2","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Pandey, G., Cayan, D., Dettinger, M.D., and Georgakakos, K., 2000, A hybrid orographic plus statistical model for downscaling daily precipitation in northern California: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 1, no. 6, p. 491-506, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2000)001<0491:AHOPSM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"506","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2000)001<0491:ahopsm>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.99267578124999,\n              38.98503278695909\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.003662109375,\n              42.00848901572399\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.288330078125,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.288330078125,\n              41.89409955811395\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.354248046875,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.12353515624999,\n              41.44272637767212\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.26635742187501,\n              41.15384235711447\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.18945312500001,\n              40.9218144123785\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.26635742187501,\n              40.84706035607122\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.354248046875,\n              40.68063802521456\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.47509765625,\n              40.49709237269567\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.42016601562499,\n              40.23760536584024\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.01367187499999,\n              39.926588421909436\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.848876953125,\n              39.57182223734374\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.914794921875,\n              39.38526381099774\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.837890625,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.760986328125,\n              39.04478604850143\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              38.91668153637508\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.99267578124999,\n              38.98503278695909\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e426e4b0c8380cd4644a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pandey, G.R.","contributorId":77687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pandey","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":392833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":392836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Georgakakos, K.P.","contributorId":59197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022438,"text":"70022438 - 2000 - Studies of volcanoes of Alaska by satellite radar interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-27T15:16:52.196758","indexId":"70022438","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Studies of volcanoes of Alaska by satellite radar interferometry","docAbstract":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has provided a new imaging geodesy technique to measure the deformation of volcanoes at tens-of-meter horizontal resolution with centimeter to subcentimeter vertical precision. The two-dimensional surface deformation data enables the construction of detailed numerical models allowing the study of magmatic and tectonic processes beneath volcanoes. This paper summarizes our recent: InSAR studies over the Alaska-Aleutian volcanoes, which include New Trident, Okmok, Akutan, Augustine, Shishaldin, and Westdahl volcanoes. The first InSAR surface deformation over the Alaska volcanoes was applied to New Trident. Preliminary InSAR study suggested that New Trident volcano experienced several centimeters inflation from 1993 to 1995. Using the InSAR technique, we studied the 1997 eruption of Okmok. We have measured ???1.4 m deflation during the eruption, ???20 cm pre-eruptive inflation during 1992 to 1995, and >10 cm post-eruptive inflation within a year after the eruption, and modeled the deformations using Mogi sources. We imaged the ground surface deformation associated with the 1996 seismic crisis over Akutan volcano. Although seismic swarm did not result in an eruption, we found that the western part of the volcano uplifted ???60 cm while the eastern part of the island subsided. The majority of the complex deformation field at the Akutan volcano was modeled by dike intrusion and Mogi inflation sources. Our InSAR results also indicate that the pyroclastic flows from last the last eruption have been undergoing contraction/subsidence at a rate of about 3 cm per year since 1992. InSAR measured no surface deformation before and during the 1999 eruption of Shishaldin and suggested the eruption may be a type of open system. Finally, we applied satellite radar interferometry to Westdahl volcano which erupted 1991 and has been quiet since. We discovered this volcano had inflated about 15 cm from 1993 to 1998. In summary, satellite radar interferometry can not only be used to study a volcanic eruption, but also to detect aseismic deformation at quiescent volcanoes preceding a seismic swarm; it is a useful technique to study volcanic eruptions as well as to guide scientists to better focus their monitoring efforts.","conferenceTitle":"ERS-Envisat Symposium 'Looking Down to Earth in the New Millennium'","conferenceDate":"Oct 16-20 2000","conferenceLocation":"Gothenburg, Sweden","language":"English","publisher":"Europan space Agency","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Wicks, C., Dzurisin, D., Thatcher, W., and Power, J., 2000, Studies of volcanoes of Alaska by satellite radar interferometry, ERS-Envisat Symposium 'Looking Down to Earth in the New Millennium', v. 461, Gothenburg, Sweden, Oct 16-20 2000, p. 81-90.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) 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