{"pageNumber":"120","pageRowStart":"2975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11370,"records":[{"id":9001420,"text":"ofr20101322 - 2011 - Limnological and water-quality data from Wonder Lake, Chilchukabena Lake, and Lake Minchumina, Denali National Park and Preserve and surrounding area, Alaska, June 2006-August 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20101322","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1322","title":"Limnological and water-quality data from Wonder Lake, Chilchukabena Lake, and Lake Minchumina, Denali National Park and Preserve and surrounding area, Alaska, June 2006-August 2008","docAbstract":"Growing visitor traffic and resource use, as well as natural and anthropogenic land and climatic changes, can place increasing stress on lake ecosystems in Denali National Park and Preserve. Baseline data required to substantiate impact assessment in this sub-arctic region is sparse to non-existent. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, conducted a water-quality assessment of several large lakes in and around the Park from June 2006 to August 2008. Discrete water-quality samples, lake profiles of pH, specific conductivity, dissolved-oxygen concentration, water temperature, turbidity, and continuous-record temperature profile data were collected from Wonder Lake, Chilchukabena Lake, and Lake Minchumina. In addition, zooplankton, snow chemistry data, fecal coliform, and inflow/outflow water-quality samples also were collected from Wonder Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101322","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Long, D., and Arp, C., 2011, Limnological and water-quality data from Wonder Lake, Chilchukabena Lake, and Lake Minchumina, Denali National Park and Preserve and surrounding area, Alaska, June 2006-August 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1322, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101322.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"30","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-06-01","temporalEnd":"2008-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1322.jpg"},{"id":19232,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1322/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153,62 ], [ -153,64.08333333333333 ], [ -148.5,64.08333333333333 ], [ -148.5,62 ], [ -153,62 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a52b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, D.A.","contributorId":89270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99105,"text":"ofr20111035 - 2011 - Geophysical investigation of Red Devil mine using direct-current resistivity and electromagnetic induction, Red Devil, Alaska, August 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20111035","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1035","title":"Geophysical investigation of Red Devil mine using direct-current resistivity and electromagnetic induction, Red Devil, Alaska, August 2010","docAbstract":"Red Devil Mine, located in southwestern Alaska near the Village of Red Devil, was the state's largest producer of mercury and operated from 1933 to 1971. Throughout the lifespan of the mine, various generations of mills and retort buildings existed on both sides of Red Devil Creek, and the tailings and waste rock were deposited across the site. The mine was located on public Bureau of Land Management property, and the Bureau has begun site remediation by addressing mercury, arsenic, and antimony contamination caused by the minerals associated with the ore deposit (cinnabar, stibnite, realgar, and orpiment). \r\n\r\nIn August 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey completed a geophysical survey at the site using direct-current resistivity and electromagnetic induction surface methods. Eight two-dimensional profiles and one three-dimensional grid of direct-current resistivity data as well as about 5.7 kilometers of electromagnetic induction profile data were acquired across the site. On the basis of the geophysical data and few available soil borings, there is not sufficient electrical or electromagnetic contrast to confidently distinguish between tailings, waste rock, and weathered bedrock. A water table is interpreted along the two-dimensional direct-current resistivity profiles based on correlation with monitoring well water levels and a relatively consistent decrease in resistivity typically at 2-6 meters depth. \r\n\r\nThree settling ponds used in the last few years of mine operation to capture silt and sand from a flotation ore processing technique possessed conductive values above the interpreted water level but more resistive values below the water level. The cause of the increased resistivity below the water table is unknown, but the increased resistivity may indicate that a secondary mechanism is affecting the resistivity structure under these ponds if the depth of the ponds is expected to extend below the water level. The electromagnetic induction data clearly identified the three monofills and indicate, in conjunction with the three-dimensional resistivity data, additional possible landfill features on the north side of Red Devil Creek. \r\n\r\nNo obvious shallow feature was identified as a possible source for a spring that is feeding into Red Devil Creek from the north bank. However, a discrete, nearly vertical conductive feature observed on the direct-current resistivity line that passes within 5 meters of the spring may be worth investigating. Additional deep soil borings that better differentiate between tailings, waste rock, and weathered bedrock may be very useful in more confidently identifying these rock types in the direct-current resistivity data. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Burton, B., and Ball, L.B., 2011, Geophysical investigation of Red Devil mine using direct-current resistivity and electromagnetic induction, Red Devil, Alaska, August 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1035, x, 52 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111035.","productDescription":"x, 52 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-08-01","temporalEnd":"2010-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1035.png"},{"id":14556,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157.31666666666666,61.75083333333333 ], [ -157.31666666666666,61.75111111111111 ], [ -157.3011111111111,61.75111111111111 ], [ -157.3011111111111,61.75083333333333 ], [ -157.31666666666666,61.75083333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c14d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99084,"text":"sir20105242 - 2011 - 2007 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T21:50:39.652788","indexId":"sir20105242","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5242","title":"2007 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","docAbstract":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, and volcanic unrest at or near nine separate volcanic centers in Alaska during 2007. The year was highlighted by the eruption of Pavlof, one of Alaska's most frequently active volcanoes. Glaciated Fourpeaked Mountain, a volcano thought to have been inactive in the Holocene, produced a phreatic eruption in the autumn of 2006 and continued to emit copious amounts of steam and volcanic gas into 2007. Redoubt Volcano showed the first signs of the unrest that would unfold in 2008-09. AVO staff also participated in hazard communication and monitoring of multiple eruptions at seven volcanoes in Russia as part of its collaborative role in the Kamchatka and Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Teams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105242","collaboration":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory is a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. The Alaska Volcano Observatory is funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program and the State of Alaska","usgsCitation":"McGimsey, R.G., Neal, C., Dixon, J.P., Malik, N., and Chibisova, M., 2011, 2007 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5242, viii, 110 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105242.","productDescription":"viii, 110 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5242.jpg"},{"id":415308,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95043.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14533,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska, Kamchatka","otherGeospatial":"Kurile Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 51.2278\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 51.2278\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 51.2278\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.9,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n 155,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n 155,\n 50\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 50\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 62.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd491fe4b0b290850eee95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":82660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, James P. 0000-0002-8478-9971 jpdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9971","contributorId":3163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"James","email":"jpdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malik, Nataliya","contributorId":90447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malik","given":"Nataliya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chibisova, Marina","contributorId":35016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chibisova","given":"Marina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70126413,"text":"70126413 - 2011 - Interspecific exchange of avian influenza virus genes in Alaska: The influence of trans-hemispheric migratory tendency and breeding ground sympatry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T18:39:56","indexId":"70126413","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-01T10:12:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interspecific exchange of avian influenza virus genes in Alaska: The influence of trans-hemispheric migratory tendency and breeding ground sympatry","docAbstract":"

The movement and transmission of avian influenza viral strains via wild migratory birds may vary by host species as a result of migratory tendency and sympatry with other infected individuals. To examine the roles of host migratory tendency and species sympatry on the movement of Eurasian low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) genes into North America, we characterized migratory patterns and LPAI viral genomic variation in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) of Alaska in comparison with LPAI diversity of northern pintails (Anas acuta). A 50-year band-recovery data set suggests that unlike northern pintails, mallards rarely make trans-hemispheric migrations between Alaska and Eurasia. Concordantly, fewer (14.5%) of 62 LPAI isolates from mallards contained Eurasian gene segments compared to those from 97 northern pintails (35%), a species with greater inter-continental migratory tendency. Aerial survey and banding data suggest that mallards and northern pintails are largely sympatric throughout Alaska during the breeding season, promoting opportunities for interspecific transmission. Comparisons of full-genome isolates confirmed near-complete genetic homology (>99.5%) of seven viruses between mallards and northern pintails. This study found viral segments of Eurasian lineage at a higher frequency in mallards than previous studies, suggesting transmission from other avian species migrating inter-hemispherically or the common occurrence of endemic Alaskan viruses containing segments of Eurasian origin. We conclude that mallards are unlikely to transfer Asian-origin viruses directly to North America via Alaska but that they are likely infected with Asian-origin viruses via interspecific transfer from species with regular migrations to the Eastern Hemisphere.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04908.x","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., Reeves, A.B., Ramey, A.M., Hupp, J.W., Ip, S., Bertram, M., Petrula, M., Scotton, B., Trust, K., Meixell, B.W., and Runstadler, J., 2011, Interspecific exchange of avian influenza virus genes in Alaska: The influence of trans-hemispheric migratory tendency and breeding ground sympatry: Molecular Ecology, v. 20, no. 5, p. 1015-1025, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04908.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1015","endPage":"1025","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022814","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3041836","text":"External Repository"},{"id":294298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb28e4b08312ac7cf06c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reeves, Andrew B. 0000-0002-7526-0726 areeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-0726","contributorId":167362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Andrew","email":"areeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bertram, M.","contributorId":91331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertram","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Petrula, M.J.","contributorId":106713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrula","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Scotton, B.D.","contributorId":7530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scotton","given":"B.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Trust, K.A.","contributorId":107465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trust","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meixell, Brandt W. 0000-0002-6738-0349 bmeixell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-0349","contributorId":138716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meixell","given":"Brandt","email":"bmeixell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Runstadler, J.A.","contributorId":98124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runstadler","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70042568,"text":"70042568 - 2011 - Gas hydrate characterization and grain-scale imaging of recovered cores from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T15:43:06.359683","indexId":"70042568","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas hydrate characterization and grain-scale imaging of recovered cores from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"

Using cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (CSEM), powder X-ray diffraction, and gas chromatography methods, we investigated the physical states, grain characteristics, gas composition, and methane isotopic composition of two gas-hydrate-bearing sections of core recovered from the BPXA–DOE–USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well situated on the Alaska North Slope. The well was continuously cored from 606.5 m to 760.1 m depth, and sections investigated here were retrieved from 619.9 m and 661.0 m depth. X-ray analysis and imaging of the sediment phase in both sections shows it consists of a predominantly fine-grained and well-sorted quartz sand with lesser amounts of feldspar, muscovite, and minor clays. Cryogenic SEM shows the gas-hydrate phase forming primarily as a pore-filling material between the sediment grains at approximately 70–75% saturation, and more sporadically as thin veins typically several tens of microns in diameter. Pore throat diameters vary, but commonly range 20–120 microns. Gas chromatography analyses of the hydrate-forming gas show that it is comprised of mainly methane (>99.9%), indicating that the gas hydrate is structure I. Here we report on the distribution and articulation of the gas-hydrate phase within the cores, the grain morphology of the hydrate, the composition of the sediment host, and the composition of the hydrate-forming gas.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.08.003","usgsCitation":"Stern, L.A., Lorenson, T., and Pinkston, J., 2011, Gas hydrate characterization and grain-scale imaging of recovered cores from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 394-403, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.08.003.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"403","ipdsId":"IP-013719","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.11444091796875,\n 70.36355258532839\n ],\n [\n -149.08035278320312,\n 70.36355258532839\n ],\n [\n -149.08035278320312,\n 70.56469116737598\n ],\n [\n -150.11444091796875,\n 70.56469116737598\n ],\n [\n -150.11444091796875,\n 70.36355258532839\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5162956ee4b0c25842758cfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stern, Laura A. 0000-0003-3440-5674 lstern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-5674","contributorId":1197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"Laura","email":"lstern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D. tlorenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinkston, John C.","contributorId":81381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinkston","given":"John C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99061,"text":"ofr20101118 - 2011 - National Assessment of Shoreline Change; historical shoreline change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:27","indexId":"ofr20101118","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-22T21:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1118","title":"National Assessment of Shoreline Change; historical shoreline change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts","docAbstract":"Beach erosion is a chronic problem along many open-ocean shores of the United States. As coastal populations continue to grow and community infrastructures are threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present trends and rates of shoreline movement. There is also a need for a comprehensive analysis of shoreline movement that is consistent from one coastal region to another. To meet these national needs, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting an analysis of historical shoreline changes along open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Hawaii, Alaska, and the Great Lakes. One purpose of this work is to develop standard, repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing shoreline movement so that periodic, systematic, internally consistent updates regarding coastal erosion and land loss can be made nationally. In the case of this study, the shoreline is the interpreted boundary between the ocean water surface and the sandy beach. This report on the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts is the fifth in a series of reports on historical shoreline change. Previous investigations include analyses and descriptive reports of the Gulf of Mexico, the Southeast Atlantic, and, for California, the sandy shoreline and the coastal cliffs. The rates of change presented in this report represent conditions up to the date of the most recent shoreline data and therefore are not intended for predicting future shoreline positions or rates of change. Because of the geomorphology of the New England and Mid-Atlantic (rocky coastlines, large embayments and beaches) as well as data gaps in some areas, this report presents beach erosion rates for 78 percent of the 1,360 kilometers of the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts. The New England and Mid-Atlantic shores were subdivided into a total of 10 analysis regions for the purpose of reporting regional trends in shoreline change rates. The average rate of long-term shoreline change for the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts was -0.5 meters per year with an uncertainty in the long-term trend of plus or minus 0.09 meters per year. The rate is based on shoreline change rates averaged from 21,184 individual transects, of which 68 percent were eroding. In both the long and short term, the average rates of shoreline change for New England and the Mid-Atlantic were erosional. Long-term erosion rates were generally lower in New England than in the Mid-Atlantic. This is a function of the dominant coastal geomorphology; New England has a greater percentage of shore types that tend to erode more slowly (rocky coasts, pocket beaches, and mainland beaches), whereas the Mid-Atlantic is dominated by more vulnerable barrier islands and dynamic spit/inlet environments. However, the percentage of coastline eroding was higher in New England than in the Mid-Atlantic, highlighting that although rates of shoreline erosion may not be extreme, coastal erosion is still widespread along this region of the U.S. coastline. The average rate of short-term shoreline change for the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts was also erosional but the rate of erosion decreased in comparison to long-term rates. The net short-term rate as averaged along 17,045 transects was -0.3 meters per year. Uncertainties for these rates range from 0.06 to 0.1 meters per year depending on the data sources used in the rate calculations. Of transects used to measure short-term change, 60 percent were erosional, as compared to 65 percent of coast eroding in the long term. The slight decrease (5 percent) in the amount of coastline eroding may be related to an increase in the frequency and extent of nourishment programs and (or) the effects of hardened structures during the more recent time period. The most stable (lower rates of erosion) beaches were more commonly found in New England. Despite an overall lowering of the average rates of erosion from long-term to short-term, the amount","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101118","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., Himmelstoss, E., Kratzmann, M., List, J., and Thieler, E.R., 2011, National Assessment of Shoreline Change; historical shoreline change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1118, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101118.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1118.gif"},{"id":14510,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aef1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":307434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelstoss, Emily A.","contributorId":24736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"Emily A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kratzmann, Meredith G.","contributorId":11565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzmann","given":"Meredith G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":9000609,"text":"gip99 - 2011 - Alaska volcanoes guidebook for teachers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-04T09:22:51","indexId":"gip99","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99","title":"Alaska volcanoes guidebook for teachers","docAbstract":"

Alaska’s volcanoes, like its abundant glaciers, charismatic wildlife, and wild expanses inspire and ignite scientific curiosity and generate an ever-growing source of questions for students in Alaska and throughout the world. Alaska is home to more than 140 volcanoes, which have been active over the last 2 million years. About 90 of these volcanoes have been active within the last 10,000 years and more than 50 of these have been active since about 1700. The volcanoes in Alaska make up well over three-quarters of volcanoes in the United States that have erupted in the last 200 years. In fact, Alaska’s volcanoes erupt so frequently that it is almost guaranteed that an Alaskan will experience a volcanic eruption in his or her lifetime, and it is likely they will experience more than one. It is hard to imagine a better place for students to explore active volcanism and to understand volcanic hazards, phenomena, and global impacts.

\n
\n

Previously developed teachers’ guidebooks with an emphasis on the volcanoes in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (Mattox, 1994) and Mount Rainier National Park in the Cascade Range (Driedger and others, 2005) provide place-based resources and activities for use in other volcanic regions in the United States. Along the lines of this tradition, this guidebook serves to provide locally relevant and useful resources and activities for the exploration of numerous and truly unique volcanic landscapes in Alaska. This guidebook provides supplemental teaching materials to be used by Alaskan students who will be inspired to become educated and prepared for inevitable future volcanic activity in Alaska. The lessons and activities in this guidebook are meant to supplement and enhance existing science content already being taught in grade levels 6–12. Correlations with Alaska State Science Standards and Grade Level Expectations adopted by the Alaska State Department of Education and Early Development (2006) for grades six through eleven are listed at the beginning of each activity. A complete explanation, including the format of the Alaska State Science Standards and Grade Level Expectations, is available at the beginning of each grade link at http://www.eed.state.ak.us/tls/assessment/GLEHome.html.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Va.","doi":"10.3133/gip99","usgsCitation":"Adleman, J.N., 2011, Alaska volcanoes guidebook for teachers: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 99, Report: 348 p.; Supplemental materials, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip99.","productDescription":"Report: 348 p.; Supplemental materials","numberOfPages":"348","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":19216,"rank":200,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/99/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_99.bmp"},{"id":288051,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/99/pdf/gip99.pdf"},{"id":288052,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/99/pdf/gip99_ppt.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,51.21 ], [ 172.45,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.45,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b02e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adleman, Jennifer N.","contributorId":12422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adleman","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9000597,"text":"ofr20111028 - 2011 - Review of the origin of the Braid Scarp near the Pebble prospect, southwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T17:39:24.571501","indexId":"ofr20111028","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1028","title":"Review of the origin of the Braid Scarp near the Pebble prospect, southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"A linear geomorphic scarp, referred to as the 'Braid Scarp,' lies about 5 kilometers north of Iliamna Lake, Alaska, and has been identified as a possible seismically active fault. We examined the geomorphology of the area and an 8.5-meter-long excavation across the scarp. We conclude that the scarp was formed by incision of a glacial outwash braid plain into a slightly older outwash plain as ice stagnated in the region during deglaciation 11-15 thousand years ago. We found no evidence for active faulting along the scarp.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111028","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., and Waythomas, C.F., 2011, Review of the origin of the Braid Scarp near the Pebble prospect, southwestern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1028, iii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111028.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":19209,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":422456,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94919.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1028.bmp"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Braid Scarp, Pebble Prospect","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.14464116595263,\n 60.15839781867453\n ],\n [\n -156.14464116595263,\n 59.63821581903562\n ],\n [\n -154.76859239966294,\n 59.63821581903562\n ],\n [\n -154.76859239966294,\n 60.15839781867453\n ],\n [\n -156.14464116595263,\n 60.15839781867453\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603e99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156766,"text":"70156766 - 2011 - Evaluation of long-term gas hydrate production testing locations on the Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T13:36:48","indexId":"70156766","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of long-term gas hydrate production testing locations on the Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"

The results of short duration formation tests in northern Alaska and Canada have further documented the energy resource potential of gas hydrates and justified the need for long-term gas hydrate production testing. Additional data acquisition and long-term production testing could improve the understanding of the response of naturally-occurring gas hydrate to depressurization-induced or thermal-, chemical-, and/or mechanical-stimulated dissociation of gas hydrate into producible gas. The Eileen gas hydrate accumulation located in the Greater Prudhoe Bay area in northern Alaska has become a focal point for gas hydrate geologic and production studies. BP Exploration (Alaska) Incorporated and ConocoPhillips have each established research partnerships with U.S. Department of Energy to assess the production potential of gas hydrates in northern Alaska. A critical goal of these efforts is to identify the most suitable site for production testing. A total of seven potential locations in the Prudhoe Bay, Kuparuk, and Milne Point production units were identified and assessed relative to their suitability as a long-term gas hydrate production test site. The test site assessment criteria included the analysis of the geologic risk associated with encountering reservoirs for gas hydrate testing. The site selection process also dealt with the assessment of the operational/logistical risk associated with each of the potential test sites. From this review, a site in the Prudhoe Bay production unit was determined to be the best location for extended gas hydrate production testing. The work presented in this report identifies the key features of the potential test site in the Greater Prudhoe Bay area, and provides new information on the nature of gas hydrate occurrence and potential impact of production testing on existing infrastructure at the most favorable sites. These data were obtained from well log analysis, geological correlation and mapping, and numerical simulation.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"OTC Arctic Technology Conference 2011","conferenceTitle":"OTC Arctic Technology Conference 2011","conferenceDate":"February 7-9 2011","conferenceLocation":"Houston, Texas","language":"English","publisher":"Offshore Technology Conference","doi":"10.4043/22149-MS","usgsCitation":"Collett, T., Boswell, R., Lee, M.W., Anderson, B.J., Rose, K.K., and Lewis, K.A., 2011, Evaluation of long-term gas hydrate production testing locations on the Alaska North Slope, in OTC Arctic Technology Conference 2011, Houston, Texas, February 7-9 2011, p. 581-597, https://doi.org/10.4043/22149-MS.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"581","endPage":"597","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7fb5e4b0824b2d1478e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":97008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boswell, Ray","contributorId":12307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Brian J.","contributorId":147120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rose, Kelly K.","contributorId":82452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lewis, Kristen A. 0000-0003-4991-3399 klewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-3399","contributorId":4120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Kristen","email":"klewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70157196,"text":"70157196 - 2011 - Use of large-scale, multi-species surveys to monitor gyrfalcon and ptarmigan populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T17:30:30.622599","indexId":"70157196","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of large-scale, multi-species surveys to monitor gyrfalcon and ptarmigan populations","docAbstract":"

We evaluated the ability of three large-scale, multi-species surveys in the Arctic to provide information on abundance and habitat relationships of Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) and ptarmigan. The Program for Regional and International Shorebird Monitoring (PRISM) has surveyed birds widely across the arctic regions of Canada and Alaska since 2001. The Arctic Coastal Plain survey has collected abundance information on the North Slope of Alaska using fixed-wing aircraft since 1992. The Northwest Territories-Nunavut Bird Checklist has collected presence-absence information from little-known locations in northern Canada since 1995. All three surveys provide extensive information on Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) and Rock Ptarmigan (L. muta). For example, they show that ptarmigan are most abundant in western Alaska, next most abundant in northern Alaska and northwest Canada, and least abundant in the Canadian Archipelago. PRISM surveys were less successful in detecting Gyrfalcons, and the Arctic Coastal Plain Survey is largely outside the Gyrfalcon's breeding range. The Checklist Survey, however, reflects the expansive Gyrfalcon range in Canada. We suggest that collaboration by Gyrfalcon and ptarmigan biologists with the organizers of large scale surveys like the ones we investigated provides an opportunity for obtaining useful information on these species and their environment across large areas.

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Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T12:17:43.742053","indexId":"ofr20111011","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1011","title":"Aqueous geochemical data from the analysis of stream-water samples collected in June and July 2006 — Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"We report on the chemical analysis of water samples collected from the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale quadrangle, Alaska. Parameters for which data are reported include pH, conductivity, water temperature, major cation and anion concentrations, trace-element concentrations, and dissolved organic-carbon concentrations. Samples were collected as part of a multiyear U.S. Geological Survey project entitled ?Geologic and Mineral Deposit Data for Alaskan Economic Development.? Data presented here are from samples collected in June and July 2006. The data are being released at this time with minimal interpretation. This is the third release of aqueous geochemical data from this project; aqueous geochemical data from samples collected in 2004 and 2005 were published previously. The data in this report augment but do not duplicate or supersede the previous data release. Site selection was based on a regional sampling strategy that focused on first- and second-order drainages. Water sample site selection was based on landscape parameters that included physiography, wetland extent, lithological changes, and a cursory field review of mineralogy from pan concentrates. Stream water in the Taylor Mountains quadrangle is dominated by bicarbonate (HCO3-), although in a few samples more than 50 percent of the anionic charge can be attributed to sulfate (SO42-). The major-cation chemistry ranges from Ca2+/Mg2+ dominated to a mix of Ca2+/Mg2+/Na++K+. Generally, good agreement was found between the major cations and anions in the duplicate samples. Many trace elements in these samples were at or near the analytical method detection limit, but good agreement was found between duplicate samples for elements with detectable concentrations. All field blank major-ion and trace-element concentrations were below detection.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111011","usgsCitation":"Wang, B., Mueller, S., Stetson, S., Bailey, E., and Lee, G., 2011, Aqueous geochemical data from the analysis of stream-water samples collected in June and July 2006 — Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1011, Report: iv, 10 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111011.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":14458,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394042,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94832.htm"},{"id":116872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1011.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -156.3667,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -156.3667,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 60\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227 bwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":2351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","email":"bwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, Seth","contributorId":65441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Seth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stetson, Sarah sstetson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetson","given":"Sarah","email":"sstetson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bailey, Elizabeth","contributorId":61011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Greg","contributorId":68272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70101097,"text":"70101097 - 2011 - Seasonal variation in nutritional characteristics of the diet of greater white-fronted geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T17:43:19","indexId":"70101097","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-31T10:57:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variation in nutritional characteristics of the diet of greater white-fronted geese","docAbstract":"

We studied diet and habitat use of greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) from autumn through spring on their primary staging and wintering areas in the Pacific Flyway, 1979–1982. There have been few previous studies of resource use and forage quality of wintering greater white-fronted geese in North America, and as a consequence there has been little empirical support for management practices pertaining to habitat conservation of this broadly distributed species. Observations of >2,500 flocks of geese and collections of foraging birds revealed seasonal and geographic variation in resource use reflective of changes in habitat availability, selection, and fluctuating physiological demands. Autumn migrants from Alaska arrived first in the Klamath Basin of California and southern Oregon, where they fed on barley, oats, wheat, and potatoes. Geese migrated from the Klamath Basin into the Central Valley of California in late autumn where they exploited agricultural crops rich in soluble carbohydrates, with geese in the Sacramento Valley feeding almost exclusively on rice and birds on the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta primarily utilizing corn. White-fronted geese began their northward migration in late winter, and by early spring most had returned to the Klamath Basin where 37% of flocks were found in fields of new growth cultivated and wild grasses. Cereal grains and potatoes ingested by geese were low in protein (7–14%) and high in soluble nutrients (17–47% neutral detergent fiber [NDF]), whereas grasses were low in available energy (47–49% NDF) but high in protein (26–42%). Greater white-fronted geese are generalist herbivores and can exploit a variety of carbohydrate-rich cultivated crops, likely making these geese less susceptible to winter food shortages than prior to the agriculturalization of the North American landscape. However, agricultural landscapes can be extremely dynamic and may be less predictable in the long-term than the historic environments to which geese are adapted. Thus far greater white-fronted geese have proved resilient to changes in land cover in the Pacific Flyway and by altering their migration regime have even been able to adapt to changes in the availability of suitable forage crops.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.13","usgsCitation":"Ely, C.R., and Raveling, D.G., 2011, Seasonal variation in nutritional characteristics of the diet of greater white-fronted geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 1, p. 78-91, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.13.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"91","ipdsId":"IP-019863","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Flyway","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -139.06,14.53 ], [ -139.06,60.0 ], [ -86.71,60.0 ], [ -86.71,14.53 ], [ -139.06,14.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355955ee4b0120853e8c1ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raveling, Dennis G.","contributorId":89443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raveling","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99018,"text":"sir20115005 - 2011 - Connection equation and shaly-sand correction for electrical resistivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:33","indexId":"sir20115005","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5005","title":"Connection equation and shaly-sand correction for electrical resistivity","docAbstract":"Estimating the amount of conductive and nonconductive constituents in the pore space of sediments by using electrical resistivity logs generally loses accuracy where clays are present in the reservoir. Many different methods and clay models have been proposed to account for the conductivity of clay (termed the shaly-sand correction). In this study, the connectivity equation (CE), which is a new approach to model non-Archie rocks, is used to correct for the clay effect and is compared with results using the Waxman and Smits method. The CE presented here requires no parameters other than an adjustable constant, which can be derived from the resistivity of water-saturated sediments. The new approach was applied to estimate water saturation of laboratory data and to estimate gas hydrate saturations at the Mount Elbert well on the Alaska North Slope. Although not as accurate as the Waxman and Smits method to estimate water saturations for the laboratory measurements, gas hydrate saturations estimated at the Mount Elbert well using the proposed CE are comparable to estimates from the Waxman and Smits method. Considering its simplicity, it has high potential to be used to account for the clay effect on electrical resistivity measurement in other systems.\r\n\r\n \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115005","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2011, Connection equation and shaly-sand correction for electrical resistivity: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5005, iii, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115005.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5005.png"},{"id":14454,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69776c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70003967,"text":"70003967 - 2011 - Mountain Glaciers and Ice Caps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-27T10:30:28","indexId":"70003967","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-18T15:24:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mountain Glaciers and Ice Caps","docAbstract":"In addition to the Greenland Ice Sheet, the Arctic contains \na diverse array of smaller glaciers ranging from small cirque \nglaciers to large ice caps with areas up to 20 000 km\n2\n. Together, \nthese glaciers cover an area of more than 400 000 km\n2\n, over \nhalf the global area of mountain glaciers and ice caps. Their \ntotal volume is sufficient to raise global sea level by an average \nof about 0.41 m if they were to melt completely.\nThese glaciers exist in a range of different climatic regimes, \nfrom the maritime environments of southern Alaska, Iceland, \nwestern Scandinavia, and Svalbard, to the polar desert of the \nCanadian Arctic. Glaciers in all regions of the Arctic have \ndecreased in area and mass as a result of the warming that has \noccurred since the 1920s (in two pulses – from the 1920s to the \n1940s and since the mid-1980s). A new phase of accelerated \nmass loss began in the mid-1990s, and has been most marked in \nAlaska, the Canadian Arctic, and probably Greenland. Current \nrates of mass loss are estimated to be in the range 150 to 300 \nGt/y; comparable to current mass loss rates from the Greenland \nIce Sheet. This implies that the Arctic is now the largest regional \nsource of glacier contributions to global sea-level rise.\nMost of the current mass loss is probably attributable to a \nchange in surface mass balance (the balance between annual \nmass addition, primarily by snowfall, and annual mass loss by \nsurface melting and meltwater runoff). Iceberg calving is also \na significant source of mass loss in areas such as coastal Alaska, \nArctic Canada, Svalbard, and the Russian Arctic. However, \nneither the current rate of calving loss nor its temporal \nvariability have been well quantified in many regions, so this is a \nsignificant source of uncertainty in estimates of the total rate of \nmass loss. It is, however, clear that the larger Arctic ice caps have \nsimilar variability in ice dynamics to that of the Greenland Ice \nSheet. That is to say, areas of relatively slow glacier flow (which \nterminate mainly on land) are separated by faster-flowing outlet \nglaciers (which terminate mainly in the ocean). Several of these \noutlet glaciers exhibit surge-type behavior, while others have \nexhibited substantial velocity changes on seasonal and longer \ntimescales. It is very likely that these changes in ice dynamics \naffect the rate of mass loss by calving both from individual \nglaciers and the total ice cover.\nProjections of future rates of mass loss from mountain \nglaciers and ice caps in the Arctic focus primarily on projections \nof changes in the surface mass balance. Current models are not \nyet capable of making realistic forecasts of changes in losses by \ncalving. Surface mass balance models are forced with downscaled \noutput from climate models driven by forcing scenarios that \nmake assumptions about the future rate of growth of atmospheric \ngreenhouse gas concentrations. Thus, mass loss projections vary \nconsiderably, depending on the forcing scenario used and the \nclimate model from which climate projections are derived. A \nnew study in which a surface mass balance model is driven by \noutput from ten general circulation models (GCMs) forced by \nthe IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) A1B \nemissions scenario yields estimates of total mass loss of between \n51 and 136 mm sea-level equivalent (SLE) (or 13% to 36% of \ncurrent glacier volume) by 2100. This implies that there will still \nbe substantial glacier mass in the Arctic in 2100 and that Arctic \nmountain glaciers and ice caps will continue to influence global \nsea-level change well into the 22nd century.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme","usgsCitation":"Ananichheva, M., Arendt, A., Hagen, J., Hock, R., Josberger, E.G., Moore, R.D., Pfeffer, W.T., and Wolken, G.J., 2011, Mountain Glaciers and Ice Caps, chap. of Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) 2011, p. 7-1-7-62.","productDescription":"63 p.","startPage":"7-1","endPage":"7-62","numberOfPages":"63","ipdsId":"IP-023487","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279855,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.amap.no/documents/doc/snow-water-ice-and-permafrost-in-the-arctic-swipa-climate-change-and-the-cryosphere/743"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52972274e4b08e44bf670c42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ananichheva, Maria","contributorId":48083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ananichheva","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arendt, Anthony","contributorId":74661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arendt","given":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagen, Jon-Ove","contributorId":62512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagen","given":"Jon-Ove","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hock, Regine","contributorId":55727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hock","given":"Regine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Josberger, Edward G. ejosberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":1710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"Edward","email":"ejosberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":349772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moore, R. Dan","contributorId":99033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pfeffer, William Tad","contributorId":76217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeffer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Tad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wolken, Gabriel J.","contributorId":9948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolken","given":"Gabriel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70047251,"text":"70047251 - 2011 - Seismic swarm associated with the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, Alaska: earthquake locations and source parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T15:56:28","indexId":"70047251","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T15:47:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic swarm associated with the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, Alaska: earthquake locations and source parameters","docAbstract":"An energetic seismic swarm accompanied an eruption of Kasatochi Volcano in the central Aleutian volcanic arc in August of 2008. In retrospect, the first earthquakes in the swarm were detected about 1 month prior to the eruption onset. Activity in the swarm quickly intensified less than 48 h prior to the first large explosion and subsequently subsided with decline of eruptive activity. The largest earthquake measured as moment magnitude 5.8, and a dozen additional earthquakes were larger than magnitude 4. The swarm exhibited both tectonic and volcanic characteristics. Its shear failure earthquake features were b value = 0.9, most earthquakes with impulsive P and S arrivals and higher-frequency content, and earthquake faulting parameters consistent with regional tectonic stresses. Its volcanic or fluid-influenced seismicity features were volcanic tremor, large CLVD components in moment tensor solutions, and increasing magnitudes with time. Earthquake location tests suggest that the earthquakes occurred in a distributed volume elongated in the NS direction either directly under the volcano or within 5-10 km south of it. Following the MW 5.8 event, earthquakes occurred in a new crustal volume slightly east and north of the previous earthquakes. The central Aleutian Arc is a tectonically active region with seismicity occurring in the crusts of the Pacific and North American plates in addition to interplate events. We postulate that the Kasatochi seismic swarm was a manifestation of the complex interaction of tectonic and magmatic processes in the Earth's crust. Although magmatic intrusion triggered the earthquakes in the swarm, the earthquakes failed in context of the regional stress field.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007435","usgsCitation":"Ruppert, N.G., Prejean, S.G., and Hansen, R.A., 2011, Seismic swarm associated with the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, Alaska: earthquake locations and source parameters: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 116, no. B2, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007435.","productDescription":"18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-021089","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275477,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007435"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kasatoshi Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.0,50.0 ], [ -178.0,53.0 ], [ -172.0,53.0 ], [ -172.0,50.0 ], [ -178.0,50.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f39a67e4b0a32220222f9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppert, Natalia G.","contributorId":96987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Natalia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Roger A.","contributorId":73901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70147901,"text":"70147901 - 2011 - Time constraints in temperate-breeding species: Influence of growing season length on reproductive strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-01T20:20:48.228763","indexId":"70147901","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time constraints in temperate-breeding species: Influence of growing season length on reproductive strategies","docAbstract":"

Organisms that reproduce in temperate regions have limited time to produce offspring successfully, and this constraint is expected to be more pronounced in areas with short growing seasons. Information concerning how reproductive ecology of endotherms might be influenced by growing season length (GSL) is rare, and species that breed over a broad geographic range provide an opportunity to study the effects of time constraints on reproductive strategies. We analyzed data from a temperate‐breeding bird, the lesser scaup Aythya affinis; hereafter scaup, collected at eight sites across a broad gradient of GSL to evaluate three hypotheses related to reproductive compensation in response to varying time constraints. Clutch initiation date in scaup was unaffected by GSL and was unrelated to latitude; spring thaw dates had a marginal impact on timing of breeding. Clutch size declined during the nesting season, as is reported frequently in bird species, but was also unaffected by GSL. Scaup do not appear to compensate for shorter growing seasons by more rapidly reducing clutch size. This study demonstrates that this species is remarkably consistent in terms of timing of breeding and clutch size, regardless of growing season characteristics. Such inflexibility could make this species particularly sensitive to environmental changes that affect resource availabilities.

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We used satellite telemetry to investigate the migration patterns and wintering areas of Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) from Middleton Island, Alaska, where this species' population increased tenfold from the 1970s to the 1990s. Fall migration spanned 11 weeks, including numerous stopovers en route, apparently for feeding. Spring migration from wintering sites to Middleton Island was shorter (4 weeks) and more direct. One juvenile spent several months in southern Prince William Sound. An adult spent several months near Craig, southeast Alaska, while three others overwintered in southern British Columbia. For all four wintering adults use of refuse-disposal sites was evident or strongly suggested. Commensalism with humans may have contributed to the increase on Middleton, but a strong case can also be made for a competing explanation-regional recruitment of gulls to high-quality nesting habitat in Alaska created after the earthquake of 1964. An analysis of band returns reveals broad overlap in the wintering grounds of gulls from different Alaska colonies and of gulls banded on the west coast from British Columbia to California. The seasonal movement of many gulls from Alaska is decidedly migratory, whereas gulls from British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon disperse locally in winter.

","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Club","publisherLocation":"Santa Clara, CA","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.090224","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., Gill, V., and Mulcahy, D.M., 2011, Migration And wintering areas Of Glaucous-winged Gulls From south-central Alaska: The Condor, v. 113, no. 2, p. 340-351, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090224.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"340","endPage":"351","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017171","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090224","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.431640625,\n 56.84897198026975\n ],\n [\n -167.431640625,\n 67.1016555307692\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 67.1016555307692\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 56.84897198026975\n ],\n [\n -167.431640625,\n 56.84897198026975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55095031e4b02e76d757e62a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, V.A.","contributorId":35498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70101351,"text":"70101351 - 2011 - Fine scale movements and habitat use of black brant during the flightless Wing Molt in Arctic Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T18:04:34","indexId":"70101351","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T13:29:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine scale movements and habitat use of black brant during the flightless Wing Molt in Arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"

Thousands of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) migrate annually to the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (TLSA), Alaska, to undergo the flightless wing molt on tundra lakes and wetlands. GPS transmitters were attached to Brant over two summers (2007–2008) to examine patterns of movement and habitat use of molting Brant, including variation by habitat type, year and body mass. Molting Brant were located an average of 31 ± 1 m (SE) from shore and this distance did not vary across any of the explanatory variables. Brant moved an average of 123 ± 3 m hr-1 while flightless. Movement rates varied by year, averaging 22 ± 12 m hr-1 faster in 2008, and across habitat types, averaging 22 ± 13 m hr-1 faster in inland versus coastal and estuarine habitats. Two kernel home ranges were estimated: entire home range, which encompassed the complete 95% probability contour, and shoreline home range, which included only shoreline areas used by molting Brant. Entire home range (x bar = 15.1 ± 2.2 km2) was negatively correlated with body mass, suggesting that heavier individuals have more body reserves to contribute to feather growth and thereby require less food and smaller home ranges. Conversely, shoreline home range (x bar = 4.3 ± 0.6 km2) did not vary by body mass, but rather by habitat type, being larger in estuarine habitats. The complex shorelines and numerous deltaic islands of estuarine habitats offer more shoreline per area than either coastal or inland habitats. Brant appear to have limited ability to adjust their home range size or forage further from shore in response to variable food resources across years or habitats, instead altering their movement rate. Given this apparent lack of behavioral flexibility, Brant may be sensitive to development-related disturbances or habitat losses at molt sites in the TLSA.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.034.0206","usgsCitation":"Lewis, T., Flint, P.L., Derksen, D.V., and Schmutz, J.A., 2011, Fine scale movements and habitat use of black brant during the flightless Wing Molt in Arctic Alaska: Waterbirds, v. 34, no. 2, p. 177-185, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.034.0206.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"185","ipdsId":"IP-017395","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Teshekpuk Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -158.77,69.17 ], [ -158.77,71.36 ], [ -150.1,71.36 ], [ -150.1,69.17 ], [ -158.77,69.17 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559436e4b0120853e8bf7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Tyler L.","contributorId":22904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Tyler L.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118808,"text":"70118808 - 2011 - Marine West Coast forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T17:03:46.257563","indexId":"70118808","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T13:26:56","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NRS-80","chapter":"9","title":"Marine West Coast forests","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

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Egg stasis ('egg-binding', 'post-ovulatory stasis') is a poorly characterized syndrome characterized by an inability of female fish to complete ovulation and to naturally expel mature eggs. Although it occurs in a variety of fish species, no definitive studies of the causation, prevalence, prevention and treatment have been done. The cause of egg stasis appears to be multifactorial to include aspects of a captive environment not suitable for the completion of spawning.

","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01214.x","usgsCitation":"Goertz, C., and Mulcahy, D.M., 2011, Attempted surgical correction of single- and multiyear post-ovulatory egg stasis in yellow and red Irish lords, Hemilepidotus jordani (Bean) and Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus (Tilesius): Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 34, no. 1, p. 75-79, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01214.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-016164","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300102,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5549e9afe4b064e4207ca428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goertz, C.E.C.","contributorId":69393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goertz","given":"C.E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70138911,"text":"70138911 - 2011 - Long-term increases in young-of-the-year growth of Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis and environmental influences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-01T11:11:41","indexId":"70138911","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term increases in young-of-the-year growth of Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis and environmental influences","docAbstract":"

Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis young-of-year (YOY) growth was used as a proxy to examine the long-term response of a high-latitude fish population to changing climate from 1978 to 2004. YOY growth increased over time (r2 = 0·29) and was correlated with monthly averages of the Arctic oscillation index, air temperature, east wind speed, sea-ice concentration and river discharge with and without time lags. Overall, the most prevalent correlates to YOY growth were sea-ice concentration lagged 1 year (significant correlations in 7 months; r2 = 0·14-0·31) and Mackenzie River discharge lagged 2 years (significant correlations in 8 months; r2 = 0·13-0·50). The results suggest that decreased sea-ice concentrations and increased river discharge fuel primary production and that life cycles of prey species linking increased primary production to fish growth are responsible for the time lag. Oceanographic studies also suggest that sea ice concentration and fluvial inputs from the Mackenzie River are key factors influencing productivity in the Beaufort Sea. Future research should assess the possible mechanism relating sea ice concentration and river discharge to productivity at upper trophic levels.

","language":"English","publisher":"Fisheries Society of the British Isles","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02832.x","usgsCitation":"von Biela, V.R., Zimmerman, C.E., and Moulton, L.L., 2011, Long-term increases in young-of-the-year growth of Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis and environmental influences: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 78, no. 1, p. 39-56, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02832.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-015034","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2be9e4b08de9379b3563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moulton, L. L.","contributorId":138892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moulton","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12569,"text":"MJM Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70093650,"text":"70093650 - 2011 - Secular trends in the geologic record and the supercontinent cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-11T09:08:49","indexId":"70093650","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T09:05:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secular trends in the geologic record and the supercontinent cycle","docAbstract":"Geologic secular trends are used to refine the timetable of supercontinent assembly, tenure, and breakup. The analysis rests on what is meant by the term supercontinent, which here is defined broadly as a grouping of formerly dispersed continents. To avoid the artificial pitfall of an all-or-nothing definition, quantitative measures of “supercontinentality” are presented: the number of continents, and the area of the largest continent, which both can be gleaned from global paleogeographic maps for the Phanerozoic. For the secular trends approach to be viable in the deep past when the very existence of supercontinents is debatable and reconstructions are fraught with problems, it must first be calibrated in the Phanerozoic against the well-constrained Pangea supercontinent cycle. The most informative geologic variables covering both the Phanerozoic and Precambrian are the abundances of passive margins and of detrital zircons. Both fluctuated with size of the largest continent during the Pangea supercontinent cycle and can be quantified back to the Neoarchean. The tenure of Pangea was a time represented in the rock record by few zircons and few passive margins. Thus, previously documented minima in the abundance of detrital zircons (and orogenic granites) during the Precambrian (Condie et al., 2009a, Gondwana Research 15, 228–242) now can be more confidently interpreted as marking the tenures of supercontinents. The occurrences of carbonatites, granulites, eclogites, and greenstone-belt deformation events also appear to bear the imprint of Precambrian supercontinent cyclicity. Together, these secular records are consistent with the following scenario. The Neoarchean continental assemblies of Superia and Sclavia broke up at ca. 2300 and ca. 2090 Ma, respectively. Some of their fragments collided to form Nuna by about 1750 Ma; Nuna then grew by lateral accretion of juvenile arcs during the Mesoproterozoic, and was involved in a series of collisions at ca. 1000 Ma to form Rodinia. Rodinia broke up in stages from ca. 1000 to ca. 520 Ma. Before Rodinia had completely come apart, some of its pieces had already been reassembled in a new configuration, Gondwana, which was completed by 530 Ma. Gondwana later collided with Laurentia, Baltica, and Siberia to form Pangea by about 300 Ma. Breakup of Pangea began at about 180 Ma (Early Jurassic) and continues today. In the suggested scenario, no supercontinent cycle in Earth history corresponded to the ideal, in which all the continents were gathered together, then broke apart, then reassembled in a new configuration. Nuna and Gondwana ended their tenures not by breakup but by collision and name change; Rodinia's assembly overlapped in time with its disassembly; and Pangea spalled Tethyan microcontinents throughout much of its tenure. Many other secular trends show a weak or uneven imprint of the supercontinent cycle, no imprint at all. Instead, these secular trends together reveal aspects of the shifting background against which the supercontinents came and went, making each cycle unique. Global heat production declined; plate tectonics sped up through the Proterozoic and slowed down through the Phanerozoic; the atmosphere and oceans became oxidized; life emerged as a major geochemical agent; some rock types went extinct or nearly so (BIF, massif-type anorthosite, komatiite); and other rock types came into existence or became common (blueschists, bioclastic limestone, coal).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth-Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.05.003","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D., 2011, Secular trends in the geologic record and the supercontinent cycle: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 108, no. 1-2, p. 16-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.05.003.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"33","ipdsId":"IP-022965","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282250,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.05.003"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd71bce4b0b29085107e0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033873,"text":"70033873 - 2011 - Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T10:26:01","indexId":"70033873","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon","docAbstract":"

Fecundity is a vital population characteristic that is directly linked to the productivity of fish populations. Historic data from Yukon River (Alaska) Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha suggest that length‐adjusted fecundity differs among populations within the drainage and either is temporally variable or has declined. Yukon River Chinook salmon have been harvested in large‐mesh gill‐net fisheries for decades, and a decline in fecundity was considered a potential evolutionary response to size‐selective exploitation. The implications for fishery conservation and management led us to further investigate the fecundity of Yukon River Chinook salmon populations. Matched observations of fecundity, length, and genotype were collected from a sample of adult females captured from the multipopulation spawning migration near the mouth of the Yukon River in 2008. These data were modeled by using a new mixture model, which was developed by extending the conditional maximum likelihood mixture model that is commonly used to estimate the composition of multipopulation mixtures based on genetic data. The new model facilitates maximum likelihood estimation of stock‐specific fecundity parameters without first using individual assignment to a putative population of origin, thus avoiding potential biases caused by assignment error. The hypothesis that fecundity of Chinook salmon has declined was not supported; this result implies that fecundity exhibits high interannual variability. However, length‐adjusted fecundity estimates decreased as migratory distance increased, and fecundity was more strongly dependent on fish size for populations spawning in the middle and upper portions of the drainage. These findings provide insights into potential constraints on reproductive investment imposed by long migrations and warrant consideration in fisheries management and conservation. The new mixture model extends the utility of genetic markers to new applications and can be easily adapted to study any observable trait or condition that may vary among populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.558776","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Bromaghin, J.F., Evenson, D., McLain, T., and Flannery, B.G., 2011, Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 2, p. 235-249, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.558776.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.558776"}],"volume":"140","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc021e4b08c986b329f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenson, D.F.","contributorId":104356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLain, T.H.","contributorId":15899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLain","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flannery, Blair G.","contributorId":95675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flannery","given":"Blair","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034088,"text":"70034088 - 2011 - Long-term increases in young-of-the-year growth of Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis and environmental influences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-08T17:56:48.139145","indexId":"70034088","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term increases in young-of-the-year growth of Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis and environmental influences","docAbstract":"

Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis young‐of‐year (YOY) growth was used as a proxy to examine the long‐term response of a high‐latitude fish population to changing climate from 1978 to 2004. YOY growth increased over time (r2 = 0·29) and was correlated with monthly averages of the Arctic oscillation index, air temperature, east wind speed, sea‐ice concentration and river discharge with and without time lags. Overall, the most prevalent correlates to YOY growth were sea‐ice concentration lagged 1 year (significant correlations in 7 months; r2 = 0·14–0·31) and Mackenzie River discharge lagged 2 years (significant correlations in 8 months; r2 = 0·13–0·50). The results suggest that decreased sea‐ice concentrations and increased river discharge fuel primary production and that life cycles of prey species linking increased primary production to fish growth are responsible for the time lag. Oceanographic studies also suggest that sea ice concentration and fluvial inputs from the Mackenzie River are key factors influencing productivity in the Beaufort Sea. Future research should assess the possible mechanism relating sea ice concentration and river discharge to productivity at upper trophic levels.

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