{"pageNumber":"1201","pageRowStart":"30000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40894,"records":[{"id":70023093,"text":"70023093 - 2000 - Regoliths of the middle-Atlantic Piedmont and evolution of a polymorphic landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023093","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regoliths of the middle-Atlantic Piedmont and evolution of a polymorphic landscape","docAbstract":"The regolith overlying the alumino-silicate rocks of the middle-Atlantic Piedmont Province consists primarily of saprolite with a thin veneer of diamictons of colluvial origin. Thickness and distribution of the saprolite is related to landform and lithology. For example, on uplands isovolumetric weathering of the Loch Raven Schist produces saprolite averaging 55 ft (17 m) thick. On Port Deposit Gneiss, saprolite beneath uplands averages 42 ft (13 m) in thickness. The saprolite results from the reaction of alumino-silicate rocks with through-flowing groundwater. Chemical weathering of the rock results in clay and resistate minerals, residual rock layers, corestones, and pinnacles. Surface erosion of saprolite with quartzite and metagraywacke residual layers may produce a 'washboard' topography. Surface erosion of a metagabbro saprolite containing corestones and pinnacles results in a surface with lag deposits of corestones and emergent pinnacles. The diamicton material comes from the underlying saprolite, weathered rock and bedrock. Generally, diamictons are thinner on uplands and upper slopes, and thicker at the base of slopes and in hollows and gathering areas of first-order streams. The saprolite and colluvium reflect response of geomorphic processes (chemical weathering, fluvial incision, and periglacial processes) to rock lithology and landscape. The modifications to the landscape have been driven by neotectonic crustal warping and alternating periglacial-humid temperate climates. Altogether these varied interactions have resulted in a Holocene polymorphic landscape.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Cleaves, E., 2000, Regoliths of the middle-Atlantic Piedmont and evolution of a polymorphic landscape: Southeastern Geology, v. 39, no. 3-4, p. 199-222.","startPage":"199","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5bbe4b0e8fec6cdbfc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleaves, E.T.","contributorId":41148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleaves","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022926,"text":"70022926 - 2000 - Ground penetrating radar imaging of cap rock, caliche and carbonate strata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022926","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground penetrating radar imaging of cap rock, caliche and carbonate strata","docAbstract":"Field experiments show ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be used to image shallow carbonate stratigraphy effectively in a variety of settings. In south Florida, the position and structure of cap rock cover on limestone can be an important control on surface water flow and vegetation, but larger scale outcrops (tens of meters) of cap rock are sparse. GPR mapping through south Florida prairie, cypress swamp and hardwood hammock resolves variations in thickness and structure of cap rock to ~3 m and holds the potential to test theories for cap rock-vegetation relationships. In other settings, carbonate strata are mapped to test models for the formation of local structural anomalies. A test of GPR imaging capabilities on an arid caliche (calcrete) horizon in southeastern Nevada shows depth penetration to ~2 m with resolution of the base of caliche. GPR profiling also succeeds in resolving more deeply buried (~5 m) limestone discontinuity surfaces that record subaerial exposure in south Florida. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Field experiments show ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be used to image shallow carbonate stratigraphy effectively in a variety of settings. In south Florida, the position and structure of cap rock cover on limestone can be an important control on surface water flow and vegetation, but larger scale outcrops (tens of meters) of cap rock are sparse. GPR mapping through south Florida prairie, cypress swamp and hardwood hammock resolves variations in thickness and structure of cap rock to approx. 3 m and holds the potential to test theories for cap rock-vegetation relationships. In other settings, carbonate strata are mapped to test models for the formation of local structural anomalies. A test of GPR imaging capabilities on an arid caliche (calcrete) horizon in southeastern Nevada shows depth penetration to approx. 2 m with resolution of the base of caliche. GPR profiling also succeeds in resolving more deeply buried (approx. 5 m) limestone discontinuity surfaces that record subaerial exposure in south Florida.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","conferenceTitle":"7th International Conference on Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR '98)","conferenceDate":"27 May 1998 through 30 May 1998","conferenceLocation":"Lawrence, KS, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0926-9851(99)00062-2","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Kruse, S., Schneider, J., Campagna, D., Inman, J., and Hickey, T., 2000, Ground penetrating radar imaging of cap rock, caliche and carbonate strata, <i>in</i> Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 43, no. 2-4, Lawrence, KS, USA, 27 May 1998 through 30 May 1998, p. 239-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(99)00062-2.","startPage":"239","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208217,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(99)00062-2"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a9de4b0c8380cd5b2f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kruse, S.E.","contributorId":9029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, J.C.","contributorId":53566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campagna, D.J.","contributorId":22390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campagna","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Inman, J.A.","contributorId":91665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hickey, T.D.","contributorId":17803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022890,"text":"70022890 - 2000 - Swimming performance of larval robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum and low-velocity habitat modeling in the Oconee River, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T14:59:07.259967","indexId":"70022890","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Swimming performance of larval robust redhorse <i>Moxostoma robustum</i> and low-velocity habitat modeling in the Oconee River, Georgia","title":"Swimming performance of larval robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum and low-velocity habitat modeling in the Oconee River, Georgia","docAbstract":"The robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum occurs in an 85-km stretch of the Oconee River, Georgia, downstream of a hydropower dam. The population consists primarily of older individuals and recruitment in recent years has been minimal. Operation of the hydropower dam may have affected recruitment negatively by displacing newly hatched larvae downstream and away from nursery habitats. Our null hypothesis was that larval robust redhorse can tolerate water velocities that occur in the Oconee River during peak river discharge related to hydropower generation. We measured swimming speeds for three size-classes of larvae (means: 13.1, 16.2, and 20.4 mm total length) and modeled low-velocity habitat (i.e., as defined by larval swimming speeds) in the Oconee River. We used logistic regression to calculate prolonged swimming speeds (i.e., water velocity at which 50% of fish failed to swim for 1 h) for each size-class and to predict the proportion of larvae in the water column that could maintain their position in the river. Prolonged swimming speeds were 6.9, 10.6, and 11.7 cm/s for 13.1-, 16.2-, and 20.4-mm fish, respectively. Habitat modeling suggested that low-velocity areas were present in the river and that there was not a strong relationship between low-velocity habitat and discharge. However, low-velocity habitats were dynamic during fluctuating discharge, and the ability of larval robust redhorse to access these dynamic areas is unknown. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2000.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0398:SPOLRR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Ruetz, C.R., and Jennings, C., 2000, Swimming performance of larval robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum and low-velocity habitat modeling in the Oconee River, Georgia: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 2, p. 398-407, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0398:SPOLRR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"398","endPage":"407","costCenters":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Oconee River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.57049560546875,\n              31.94750122367064\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.49908447265625,\n              31.949831760406877\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.57049560546875,\n              32.05930026106166\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.59796142578124,\n              32.31499127724556\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.78472900390625,\n              32.43561304116276\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.83416748046875,\n              32.588477769459146\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.93304443359374,\n              32.84036602561056\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1390380859375,\n              33.06852769197118\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.16925048828125,\n              33.23409295522519\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.056640625,\n              33.31675830290707\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.17474365234374,\n              33.55055114384406\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.16925048828125,\n              33.80653802509606\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.397216796875,\n              34.36384353883067\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.02618408203125,\n              34.120900139826965\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.70483398437499,\n              33.64663552343716\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.37249755859375,\n              33.49788816685207\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.3203125,\n              33.390172864722466\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.20220947265625,\n              33.32593850874471\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.25714111328125,\n              33.30757713015298\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.3203125,\n              33.22260546814777\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.2379150390625,\n              33.04090311724091\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.06488037109375,\n              32.838058359277056\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.01544189453125,\n              32.812670070909164\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8973388671875,\n              32.45879106783458\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.75177001953125,\n              32.27320009948135\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6776123046875,\n              32.27320009948135\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.63916015625,\n              32.01273389791075\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.57049560546875,\n              31.94750122367064\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba332e4b08c986b31fbef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruetz, Carl R. III","contributorId":62765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruetz","given":"Carl","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A.","contributorId":38504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022930,"text":"70022930 - 2000 - Late-Quaternary recharge determined from chloride in shallow groundwater in the central Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022930","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late-Quaternary recharge determined from chloride in shallow groundwater in the central Great Plains","docAbstract":"An extensive suite of isotopic and geochemical tracers in groundwater has been used to provide hydrologic assessments of the hierarchy of flow systems in aquifers underlying the central Great Plains (southeastern Colorado and western Kansas) of the United States and to determine the late Pleistocene and Holocene paleotemperature and paleorecharge record. Hydrogeologic and geochemical tracer data permit classification of the samples into late Holocene, late Pleistocene-early Holocene, and much older Pleistocene groups. Paleorecharge rates calculated from the Cl concentration in the samples show that recharge rates were at least twice the late Holocene rate during late Pleistocene-early Holocene time, which is consistent with their relative depletion in 16O and D. Noble gas (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) temperature calculations confirm that these older samples represent a recharge environment approximately 5??C cooler than late Holocene values. These results are consistent with the global climate models that show a trend toward a warmer, more arid climate during the Holocene. (C) 2000 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1999.2113","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Macfarlane, P.A., Clark, J., Davisson, M., Hudson, G., and Whittemore, D.O., 2000, Late-Quaternary recharge determined from chloride in shallow groundwater in the central Great Plains: Quaternary Research, v. 53, no. 2, p. 167-174, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2113.","startPage":"167","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479190,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b48q3wf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208267,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2113"},{"id":233898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4566e4b0c8380cd672ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macfarlane, P. A.","contributorId":14597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macfarlane","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, J.F.","contributorId":24124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davisson, M.L.","contributorId":62277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davisson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudson, G.B.","contributorId":28768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022934,"text":"70022934 - 2000 - Surface properties of Mars' polar layered deposits and polar landing sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T16:36:00","indexId":"70022934","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface properties of Mars' polar layered deposits and polar landing sites","docAbstract":"On December 3, 1999, the Mars Polar Lander and Mars Microprobes will land on the planet's south polar layered deposits near (76°S, 195°W) and conduct the first in situ studies of the planet's polar regions. The scientific goals of these missions address several poorly understood and globally significant issues, such as polar meteorology, the composition and volatile content of the layered deposits, the erosional state and mass balance of their surface, their possible relationship to climate cycles, and the nature of bright and dark aeolian material. Derived thermal inertias of the southern layered deposits are very low (50-100 J m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1/2</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>), suggesting that the surface down to a depth of a few centimeters is generally fine grained or porous and free of an appreciable amount of rock or ice. The landing site region is smoother than typical cratered terrain on ∼1 km pixel<sup>-1</sup> Viking Orbiter images but contains low-relief texture on ∼5 to 100 m pixel<sup>-1</sup> Mariner 9 and Mars Global Surveyor images. The surface of the southern deposits is older than that of the northern deposits and appears to be modified by aeolian erosion or ablation of ground ice.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/1999JE001108","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Vasavada, A., Williams, J., Paige, D.A., Herkenhoff, K.E., Bridges, N.T., Greeley, R., Murray, B.C., Bass, D.S., and McBride, K.S., 2000, Surface properties of Mars' polar layered deposits and polar landing sites: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 105, no. E3, p. 6961-6969, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001108.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6961","endPage":"6969","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999je001108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"105","issue":"E3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fb9e4b08c986b31e7cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vasavada, Ashwin R.","contributorId":84125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vasavada","given":"Ashwin R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Jean-Pierre","contributorId":90507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paige, David A.","contributorId":107891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paige","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bridges, Nathan T.","contributorId":45005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greeley, Ronald","contributorId":20833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Murray, Bruce C.","contributorId":61992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bass, Deborah S.","contributorId":36718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bass","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McBride, Karen S.","contributorId":9817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70022944,"text":"70022944 - 2000 - Zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by invertebrate (Mysis relicta) and vertebrate (Oncorhynchus nerka) planktivores: Implications for trophic interactions in oligotrophic lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T15:42:21.939288","indexId":"70022944","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by invertebrate (<i>Mysis relicta</i>) and vertebrate (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>) planktivores: Implications for trophic interactions in oligotrophic lakes","title":"Zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by invertebrate (Mysis relicta) and vertebrate (Oncorhynchus nerka) planktivores: Implications for trophic interactions in oligotrophic lakes","docAbstract":"<p>We investigated zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by the opossum shrimp<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis relicta</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and kokanee<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to assess the relative roles of these planktivores in oligotrophic food webs. Using bioenergetic models and clearance rate estimates, we quantified phosphorus (P) excretion rates and consumption of cladoceran prey by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and kokanees in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, from 1995 to 1996. Consumption of cladoceran prey by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was 186 kg·ha<sup>−1</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup>, whereas consumption by kokanees was less than one quarter as much, at 45 kg·ha<sup>−1</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup>. Similarly,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>excreted approximately 0.250 kg P·ha<sup>−1</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>during nighttime migrations into the upper water column, whereas P excretion by kokanees was less than one third as much, at approximately 0.070 kg P·ha<sup>−1</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup>. On a volumetric basis, nocturnal excretion by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>ranged from 0.002 to 0.007 μg P·L<sup>−1</sup>·d<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and accounted for less than 1% of the soluble reactive P typically measured in the upper water column of the lake. Hence, nutrient recycling by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>may be limited in the upper water column because of the nocturnal feeding habitats that constrain<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to deeper strata for much of the day. In spring and autumn months, low abundance of cladoceran prey coincided with high seasonal energy requirements of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>population that were linked to timing of annual<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>brood release and abundance of age-0<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Predation by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>accounted for 5–70% of daily cladoceran standing stock, supporting the notion that seasonal availability of cladocerans may be regulated by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>predation. In lakes where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>experience little predation mortality, they likely play a dominant role in food web interactions (e.g., trophic cascades) relative to planktivorous fishes. Biotic mechanisms, such as successful predator-avoidance behavior, omnivorous feeding habits, and seasonal variation in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>biomass, enhance the ability of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to influence food web interactions from an intermediate trophic level.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0569:ZANRBI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Chipps, S.R., and Bennett, D.H., 2000, Zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by invertebrate (Mysis relicta) and vertebrate (Oncorhynchus nerka) planktivores: Implications for trophic interactions in oligotrophic lakes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 2, p. 569-583, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0569:ZANRBI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 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,{"id":70022897,"text":"70022897 - 2000 - Development of Maximum Considered Earthquake Ground Motion Maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T18:20:30.584886","indexId":"70022897","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of Maximum Considered Earthquake Ground Motion Maps","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span><i>1997 NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings</i><span>&nbsp;use a design procedure that is based on spectral response acceleration rather than the traditional peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, or zone factors. The spectral response accelerations are obtained from maps prepared following the recommendations of the Building Seismic Safety Council's (BSSC) Seismic Design Procedures Group (SDPG). The SDPG-recommended maps, the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) Ground Motion Maps, are based on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) probabilistic hazard maps with additional modifications incorporating deterministic ground motions in selected areas and the application of engineering judgement. The MCE ground motion maps included with the&nbsp;</span><i>1997 NEHRP Provisions</i><span>&nbsp;also serve as the basis for the ground motion maps used in the seismic design portions of the&nbsp;</span><i>2000 International Building Code</i><span>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;</span><i>2000 International Residential Code</i><span>. Additionally the design maps prepared for the&nbsp;</span><i>1997 NEHRP Provisions</i><span>, combined with selected USGS probabilistic maps, are used with the&nbsp;</span><i>1997 NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings</i><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publishing","doi":"10.1193/1.1586081","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Leyendecker, E.V., Hunt, R.J., Frankel, A., and Rukstales, K., 2000, Development of Maximum Considered Earthquake Ground Motion Maps: Earthquake Spectra, v. 16, no. 1, p. 21-40, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586081.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a002be4b0c8380cd4f612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leyendecker, E. V.","contributorId":87162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leyendecker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frankel, A.D.","contributorId":53828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rukstales, K.S.","contributorId":98799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rukstales","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022899,"text":"70022899 - 2000 - Modeling annual mallard production in the prairie-parkland region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T17:14:29.929745","indexId":"70022899","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling annual mallard production in the prairie-parkland region","docAbstract":"<p>Biologists have proposed several environmental factors that might influence production of mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) nesting in the prairie-parkland region of the United States and Canada. These factors include precipitation, cold spring temperatures, wetland abundance, and upland breeding habitat. I used long-term historical data sets of climate, wetland numbers, agricultural land use, and size of breeding mallard populations in multiple regression analyses to model annual indices of mallard production. Models were constructed at 2 scales: a continental scale that encompassed most of the mid-continental breeding range of mallards and a stratum-level scale that included 23 portions of that same breeding range. The production index at the continental scale was the estimated age ratio of mid-continental mallards in early fall; at the stratum scale my production index was the estimated number of broods of all duck species within an aerial survey stratum. Size of breeding mallard populations in May, and pond numbers in May and July, best modeled production at the continental scale. Variables that best modeled production at the stratum scale differed by region. Crop variables tended to appear more in models for western Canadian strata; pond variables predominated in models for United States strata; and spring temperature and pond variables dominated models for eastern Canadian strata. An index of cold spring temperatures appeared in 4 of 6 models for aspen parkland strata, and in only 1 of 11 models for strata dominated by prairie. Stratum-level models suggest that regional factors influencing mallard production are not evident at a larger scale. Testing these potential factors in a manipulative fashion would improve our understanding of mallard population dynamics, improving our ability to manage the mid-continental mallard population.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803254","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Miller, M., 2000, Modeling annual mallard production in the prairie-parkland region: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 2, p. 561-575, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803254.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"575","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alberta, Manitoba, Montana, North Dakota, Saskatchewan, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.181640625,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              44.96479793033101\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              42.97250158602597\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.5693359375,\n              42.97250158602597\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.998046875,\n              42.74701217318067\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.3388671875,\n              42.84375132629021\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.45996093749999,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.50390625,\n              42.8115217450979\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.416015625,\n              43.16512263158296\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.416015625,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.3720703125,\n              45.336701909968134\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.6357421875,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5478515625,\n              45.89000815866184\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.591796875,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.0751953125,\n              48.19538740833338\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.0751953125,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.3056640625,\n              50.51342652633956\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.1845703125,\n              51.72702815704774\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.6455078125,\n              52.61639023304539\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0390625,\n              53.904338156274704\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.12597656249999,\n              53.98193516209167\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.181640625,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bdbe4b0c8380cd6f85e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M.W.","contributorId":57012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022902,"text":"70022902 - 2000 - A new global 1-km dataset of percentage tree cover derived from remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T16:02:04","indexId":"70022902","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new global 1-km dataset of percentage tree cover derived from remote sensing","docAbstract":"Accurate assessment of the spatial extent of forest cover is a crucial requirement for quantifying the sources and sinks of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere. In the more immediate context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, implementation of the Kyoto Protocol calls for estimates of carbon stocks for a baseline year as well as for subsequent years. Data sources from country level statistics and other ground-based information are based on varying definitions of 'forest' and are consequently problematic for obtaining spatially and temporally consistent carbon stock estimates. By combining two datasets previously derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) at 1 km spatial resolution, we have generated a prototype global map depicting percentage tree cover and associated proportions of trees with different leaf longevity (evergreen and deciduous) and leaf type (broadleaf and needleleaf). The product is intended for use in terrestrial carbon cycle models, in conjunction with other spatial datasets such as climate and soil type, to obtain more consistent and reliable estimates of carbon stocks. The percentage tree cover dataset is available through the Global Land Cover Facility at the University of Maryland at http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00296.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"DeFries, R., Hansen, M., Townshend, J., Janetos, A., and Loveland, T., 2000, A new global 1-km dataset of percentage tree cover derived from remote sensing: Global Change Biology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 247-254, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00296.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208266,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00296.x"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4a2e4b0c8380cd467b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeFries, R.S.","contributorId":61549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFries","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, M.C.","contributorId":69690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33433,"text":"University of Maryland, College Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Townshend, J.R.G.","contributorId":15321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"J.R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Janetos, A.C.","contributorId":31172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janetos","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022906,"text":"70022906 - 2000 - Consequences of slow growth for 230Th/U dating of Quaternary opals, Yucca Mountain, NV, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70022906","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of slow growth for 230Th/U dating of Quaternary opals, Yucca Mountain, NV, USA","docAbstract":"Thermal ionization mass-spectrometry 234U/238U and 230Th/238U data are reported for uranium-rich opals coating fractures and cavities within the silicic tuffs forming Yucca Mountain, NV, the potential site of a high-level radioactive waste repository. High uranium concentrations (up to 207 ppm) and extremely high 230Th/232Th activity ratios (up to about 106) make microsamples of these opals suitable for precise 230Th/U dating. Conventional 230Th/U ages range from 40 to greater than 600 ka, and initial 234U/238U activity ratios between 1.03 and 8.2. Isotopic evidence indicates that the opals have not experienced uranium mobility; however, wide variations in apparent ages and initial 234U/238U ratios for separate subsamples of the same outermost mineral surfaces, positive correlation between ages and sample weights, and negative correlation between 230Th/U ages and calculated initial 234U/238U are inconsistent with the assumption that all minerals in a given subsample was deposited instantaneously. The data are more consistent with a conceptual model of continuous deposition where secondary mineral growth has occurred at a constant, slow rate up to the present. This model assumes that individual subsamples represent mixtures of older and younger material, and that calculations using the resulting isotope ratios reflect an average age. Ages calculated using the continuous-deposition model for opals imply average mineral growth rates of less than 5 mm/m.y. The model of continuous deposition also predicts discordance between ages obtained using different radiometric methods for the same subsample. Differences in half-lives will result in younger apparent ages for the shorter-lived isotope due to the greater influence of younger materials continuously added to mineral surfaces. Discordant 14C, 230Th/U and U-Pb ages obtained from outermost mineral surfaces at Yucca Mountain support this model. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00142-4","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., and Paces, J., 2000, Consequences of slow growth for 230Th/U dating of Quaternary opals, Yucca Mountain, NV, USA: Chemical Geology, v. 164, no. 1-2, p. 143-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00142-4.","startPage":"143","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208031,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00142-4"},{"id":233394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9d6e4b0c8380cd4d7ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022945,"text":"70022945 - 2000 - Age of irrigation water in ground water from the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer, south-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:24:51","indexId":"70022945","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of irrigation water in ground water from the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer, south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"Stable isotope data (<sup>2</sup>H and <sup>18</sup>O) were used in conjunction with chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and tritium/helium-3 (<sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He) data to determine the fraction and age of irrigation water in ground water mixtures from farmed parts of the Eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) Aquifer in south-central Idaho. Two groups of waters were recognized: (1) regional background water, unaffected by irrigation and fertilizer application, and (2) mixtures of irrigation water from the Snake River with regional background water. New data are presented comparing CFC and <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He dating of water recharged through deep fractured basalt, and dating of young fractions in ground water mixtures. The <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He ages of irrigation water in most mixtures ranged from about zero to eight years. The CFC ages of irrigation water in mixtures ranged from values near those based on <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He dating to values biased older than the <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He ages by as much as eight to 10 years. Unsaturated zone air had CFC-12 and CFC-113 concentrations that were 60% to 95%, and 50% to 90%, respectively, of modern air concentrations and were consistently contaminated with CFC-11. Irrigation water diverted from the Snake River was contaminated with CFC-11 but near solubility equilibrium with CFC-12 and CFC-113. The dating indicates ground water velocities of 5 to 8 m/d for water along the top of the ESRP Aquifer near the southwestern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Many of the regional background waters contain excess terrigenic helium with a <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He isotope ratio of 7 x 10-6 to 11 x 10-6 (R/R<sub>a</sub> = 5 to 8) and could not be dated. Ratios of CFC data indicate that some rangeland water may contain as much as 5% to 30% young water (ages of less than or equal to two to 11.5 years) mixed with old regional background water. The relatively low residence times of ground water in irrigated parts of the ESRP Aquifer and the dilution with low-NO<sub>3</sub> irrigation water from the Snake River lower the potential for NO<sub>3</sub> contamination in agricultural areas.","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00338.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Rupert, M., Busenberg, E., and Schlosser, P., 2000, Age of irrigation water in ground water from the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer, south-central Idaho: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 2, p. 264-283, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00338.x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"283","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278546,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00338.x"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8efe4b0c8380cd47fb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rupert, M.G.","contributorId":24455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schlosser, P.","contributorId":106656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022670,"text":"70022670 - 2000 - Dynamics of prey moving through a predator field: a model of migrating juvenile salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T16:31:14","indexId":"70022670","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2698,"text":"Mathematical Biosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of prey moving through a predator field: a model of migrating juvenile salmon","docAbstract":"<p>The migration of a patch of prey through a field of relatively stationary predators is a situation that occurs frequently in nature. Making quantitative predictions concerning such phenomena may be difficult, however, because factors such as the number of the prey in the patch, the spatial length and velocity of the patch, and the feeding rate and satiation of the predators all interact in a complex way. However, such problems are of great practical importance in many management situations; e.g., calculating the mortality of juvenile salmon (smolts) swimming down a river or reservoir containing many predators. Salmon smolts often move downstream in patches short compared with the length of the reservoir. To take into account the spatial dependence of the interaction, we used a spatially-explicit, individual-based modeling approach. We found that the mortality of prey depends strongly on the number of prey in the patch, the downstream velocity of prey in the patch, and the dispersion or spread of the patch in size through time. Some counterintuitive phenomena are predicted, such as predators downstrean capturing more prey per predator than those upstream, even though the number of prey may be greatly depleted by the time the prey patch reaches the downstream predators. Individual-based models may be necessary for complex spatial situations, such as salmonid migration, where processes such as schooling occur at fine scales and affect system predictions. We compare some results to predictions from other salmonid models. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0025-5564(00)00017-1","issn":"00255564","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., and DeAngelis, D., 2000, Dynamics of prey moving through a predator field: a model of migrating juvenile salmon: Mathematical Biosciences, v. 165, no. 2, p. 97-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-5564(00)00017-1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"114","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208196,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-5564(00)00017-1"}],"volume":"165","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0436e4b0c8380cd50864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44850,"text":"wri994130 - 2000 - VS2DI—A graphical software package for simulating fluid flow and solute or energy transport in variably saturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-17T14:55:48.127481","indexId":"wri994130","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4130","title":"VS2DI—A graphical software package for simulating fluid flow and solute or energy transport in variably saturated porous media","docAbstract":"<p>VS2DI is a graphical software package for simulating flow and transport in variably saturated porous media in one or two dimensions using cartesian or radial coordinate systems. This software package consists of three components: (i) VS2DTI, for simulating fluid flow and solute transport, (ii) VS2DHI, for simulating fluid flow and energy (heat) transport, and (iii) VS2POST, a standalone postprocessor, for viewing results saved from previous simulation runs. Both VS2DTI and VS2DHI combine a graphical user interface with a numerical model to create an integrated, window-based modeling environment. Users can easily specify or change the model domain, hydraulic and transport properties, initial and boundary conditions, grid spacing, and other model parameters. Simulation results can be displayed as contours of pressure head, moisture content, saturation, concentration or temperature, and velocity or flux for each time step, thus creating a simple animation. The numerical models used for flow and transport calculations are the U.S. Geological Survey’s computer models VS2DT (for solute transport) and VS2DH (for energy transport). Although these models are integrated into the software package, their source codes are maintained as individual Fortran programs that can be compiled and run separately from the graphical user interface. This report provides an overview of the features and capabilities of the VS2DI software package. Detailed instructions on how to use the software are provided by on-line help manuals and tutorials that are included in the software.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994130","usgsCitation":"Hsieh, P.A., Wingle, W., and Healy, R.W., 2000, VS2DI—A graphical software package for simulating fluid flow and solute or energy transport in variably saturated porous media: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4130, Report: iii, 16 p.; Software Release, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994130.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 16 p.; Software Release","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4130/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":466643,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4130/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466644,"rank":3,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/software/vs2di-version-13","text":"VS2DI Version 1.3"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602d27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingle, W.L.","contributorId":42644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingle","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":87238,"text":"87238 - 2000 - Can individual-based models yield a better assessment of population viability?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T17:37:00.528549","indexId":"87238","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Can individual-based models yield a better assessment of population viability?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quantitative methods in conservation biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/0-387-22648-6_12","usgsCitation":"Matsinos, Y., Wolff, W., and DeAngelis, D., 2000, Can individual-based models yield a better assessment of population viability?, chap. <i>of</i> Quantitative methods in conservation biology, p. 188-198, https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-22648-6_12.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"198","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7bee","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ferson, S. and Burgman M. M.","contributorId":112506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferson","given":"S. and Burgman","suffix":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504851,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Matsinos, Y.G.","contributorId":13172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsinos","given":"Y.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolff, W.F.","contributorId":36493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70194351,"text":"70194351 - 2000 - Demographic characteristics and population modeling: Chapter 8 in <i>Status, ecology and conservation of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (RMRS-GTR-60)</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-26T23:41:21","indexId":"70194351","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"RMRS-GTR-60","chapter":"8","title":"Demographic characteristics and population modeling: Chapter 8 in <i>Status, ecology and conservation of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (RMRS-GTR-60)</i>","docAbstract":"<p>An understanding of the basic demography of a species is necessary to estimate and evaluate population trends. The relative impact of different demographic parameters on growth rates can be assessed through a sensitivity analysis, in which different parameters are altered singly to assess the effect on population growth. Identification of critical parameters can allow managers to focus their efforts on factors most likely to increase populations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status, ecology and conservation of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (RMRS-GTR-60)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","doi":"10.2737/RMRS-GTR-60","usgsCitation":"Stoleson, S.H., Whitfield, M.J., and Sogge, M.K., 2000, Demographic characteristics and population modeling: Chapter 8 in <i>Status, ecology and conservation of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (RMRS-GTR-60)</i>: General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-60, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.2737/RMRS-GTR-60.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-60","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a612280e4b06e28e9c25ba8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Finch, Deborah M.","contributorId":59894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723430,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoleson, Scott H.","contributorId":98149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoleson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723431,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Stoleson, Scott H.","contributorId":98149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoleson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitfield, Mary J.","contributorId":174933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitfield","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sogge, Mark K. 0000-0002-8337-5689 mark_sogge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":3710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"Mark","email":"mark_sogge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015330,"text":"1015330 - 2000 - Estimating cumulative effects of clearcutting on stream temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T11:42:13","indexId":"1015330","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3303,"text":"Rivers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating cumulative effects of clearcutting on stream temperatures","docAbstract":"The Stream Segment Temperature Model was used to estimate cumulative effects of large-scale timber harvest on stream temperature. Literature values were used to create parameters for the model for two hypothetical situations, one forested and the other extensively clearcut. Results compared favorably with field studies of extensive forest canopy removal. The model provided insight into the cumulative effects of clearcutting. Change in stream shading was, as expected, the most influential factor governing increases in maximum daily water temperature, accounting for 40% of the total increase. Altered stream width was found to be more influential than changes to air temperature. Although the net effect from clearcutting was a 4oC warming, increased wind and reduced humidity tended to cool the stream. Temperature increases due to clearcutting persisted 10 km downstream into an unimpacted forest segment of the hypothetical stream, but those increases were moderated by cooler equilibrium conditions downstream. The model revealed that it is a complex set of factors, not single factors such as shade or air temperature, that governs stream temperature dynamics.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J., 2000, Estimating cumulative effects of clearcutting on stream temperatures: Rivers, v. 7, no. 4, p. 284-297.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"284","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, J.M.","contributorId":54530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015344,"text":"1015344 - 2000 - Estimating effects of constraints on plant performance with regression quantiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T10:09:04","indexId":"1015344","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating effects of constraints on plant performance with regression quantiles","docAbstract":"<p>Rates of change in final summer densities of two desert annuals, <i>Eriogonum abertianum</i> and <i>Haplopappus gracilis</i>, as constrained by their initial winter germination densities were estimated with regression quantiles and compared with mechanistic fits based on a self-thinning rule proposed by Guo et al. (1998); Oikos 83: 237–245). The allometric relation used was equivalent to <i>S</i>=<i>N</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1=<i>c</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1, where <i>S</i> is the ratio of final to initial densities (survivorship), <i>c</i><i>f</i> is a constant that is a final density specific to the species and environment, <i>N</i><i>i</i> is the initial plant density, and <i>N</i><i>f</i> is final plant density. We used regression quantiles to estimate <i>c</i><i>f</i> assuming the exponent of −1 was fixed (model 1, <i>N</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1=<i>c</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1) and also obtained estimates by treating the exponent as a parameter to estimate (model 2, <i>N</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1=<i>c</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)λ). Regression quantiles allow rates of change to be estimated through any part of a data distribution conditional on some linear function of covariates. We focused on estimates for upper (90–99th) quantiles near the boundary of the summer density distributions where we expected effects of self-thinning to operate as the primary constraint on plant performance. Allometric functions estimated with regression quantiles were similar to functions fit by Guo et al. (1998) when the exponent was constrained to −1. However, the data were more consistent with estimates for model (2), where exponents were closer to −0.4 than −1, although model fit was not as good at higher initial plant densities as when the exponent was fixed at −1. An exponential form (model 3, <i>N</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)−1=<i>c</i><i>f</i> (<i>N</i><i>i</i>)λ eγNi) that is a generalization of the discrete logistic growth function, where estimates of λ were −0.23 to −0.28 and estimates of γ were −0.003 to −0.006, provided better fit from low to high initial germination densities. Model 3 predictions were consistent with an interpretation that final summer densities were constrained by initial germination densities when these were low (&lt;40 per 0.25 m2 for <i>Eriogonum</i> and &lt;100 per 0.25 m2 for <i>Haplopappus</i>) and were constrained by the self-thinning process at higher germination densities. Our exponential model (3) estimated with regression quantiles had similar form to the mechanistic relation of Guo et al. (1998) when plotted as a survivorship function, but avoided the unrealistic assumption that all populations attained a similar final density, and was based on a statistical model that has formal rules for estimation and inference.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.910205.x","usgsCitation":"Cade, B., and Guo, Q., 2000, Estimating effects of constraints on plant performance with regression quantiles: Oikos, v. 91, no. 2, p. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.910205.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc985","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185214,"text":"70185214 - 2000 - First LC/MS determination of cyanazine amide, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine in groundwater samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T14:24:26","indexId":"70185214","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First LC/MS determination of cyanazine amide, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine in groundwater samples","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cyanazine and two of its major metabolites, cyanazine amide and cyanazine acid, were measured at trace levels in groundwater using liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (LC/APCI/MS). Solid-phase extraction was carried out by passing 20 mL of groundwater sample through a cartridge containing a polymeric phase (PLRP-s), with recoveries ranging from 99 to 108% (</span><i>n</i><span> = 5). Using LC/MS detection in positive ion mode, useful structural information was obtained by increasing the fragmentor voltage, thus permitting the unequivocal identification of these compounds in groundwater samples with low sample volumes. The fragmentation of the amide, carboxylic acid, and cyano group was observed for both metabolites and cyanazine, respectively, leading to a diagnostic ion at </span><i>m</i><span>/</span><i>z</i><span> 214. Method detection limits were in the range of 0.002−0.005 μg/L for the three compounds. Finally, the newly developed method was evaluated for the analysis of groundwater samples from New York containing the compounds under study and presents evidence that the metabolites, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine amide may leach to groundwater and serve as sources for deisopropylatrazine. The combination of on-line SPE and LC/APCI/MS represents an important advance in environmental analysis of herbicide metabolites in groundwater since it demonstrates that trace amounts of polar metabolites may be determined rapidly. Furthermore, the presence of both cyanazine amide and cyanazine acid indicate that another degradation product, deisopropylatrazine, may be occurring at depth because of the subsequent degradation of cyanazine.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es990462g","usgsCitation":"Ferrer, I., Thurman, E., and Barcelo, D., 2000, First LC/MS determination of cyanazine amide, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine in groundwater samples: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 4, p. 714-718, https://doi.org/10.1021/es990462g.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"714","endPage":"718","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba423e4b0849ce97dc79c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrer, Imma","contributorId":169362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrer","given":"Imma","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25480,"text":"Univ of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barcelo, Damia","contributorId":189407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barcelo","given":"Damia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022900,"text":"70022900 - 2000 - A time-dependent probabilistic seismic-hazard model for California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T18:43:07.78809","indexId":"70022900","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A time-dependent probabilistic seismic-hazard model for California","docAbstract":"For the purpose of sensitivity testing and illuminating nonconsensus components of time-dependent models, the California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) has assembled a time-dependent version of its statewide probabilistic seismic hazard (PSH) model for California. The model incorporates available consensus information from within the earth-science community, except for a few faults or fault segments where consensus information is not available. For these latter faults, published information has been incorporated into the model. As in the 1996 CDMG/U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) model, the time-dependent models incorporate three multisegment ruptures: a 1906, an 1857, and a southern San Andreas earthquake. Sensitivity tests are presented to show the effect on hazard and expected damage estimates of (1) intrinsic (aleatory) sigma, (2) multisegment (cascade) vs. independent segment (no cascade) ruptures, and (3) time-dependence vs. time-independence. Results indicate that (1) differences in hazard and expected damage estimates between time-dependent and independent models increase with decreasing intrinsic sigma, (2) differences in hazard and expected damage estimates between full cascading and not cascading are insensitive to intrinsic sigma, (3) differences in hazard increase with increasing return period (decreasing probability of occurrence), and (4) differences in moment-rate budgets increase with decreasing intrinsic sigma and with the degree of cascading, but are within the expected uncertainty in PSH time-dependent modeling and do not always significantly affect hazard and expected damage estimates.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0119980087","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Cramer, C., Petersen, M., Cao, T., Toppozada, T.R., and Reichle, M., 2000, A time-dependent probabilistic seismic-hazard model for California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 1, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1785/0119980087.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":1013283,"text":"1013283 - 2000 - Age- and sex-specific mortality and population structure in sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T17:47:45","indexId":"1013283","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age- and sex-specific mortality and population structure in sea otters","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used 742 beach-cast carcasses to characterize age- and sex-specific sea otter mortality during the winter of 1990-1991 at Bering Island, Russia. We also examined 363 carcasses recovered after the 1989 grounding of the T/V&nbsp;</span><i>Exxon Valdez</i><span>, to characterize age and sex composition in the living western Prince William Sound (WPWS) sea otter population. At Bering Island, mortality was male-biased (81%), and 75% were adults. The WPWS population was female-biased (59%) and most animals were subadult (79% of the males and 45% of the females). In the decade prior to 1990-1991 we found increasing sea otter densities (particularly among males), declining prey resources, and declining weights in adult male sea otters at Bering Island. Our findings suggest the increased mortality at Bering Island in 1990-1991 was a density-dependent population response. We propose male-maintained breeding territories and exclusion of juvenile females by adult females, providing a mechanism for maintaining densities in female areas below densities in male areas and for potentially moderating the effects of prey reductions on the female population. Increased adult male mortality at Bering Island in 1990-1991 likely modified the sex and age class structure there toward that observed in Prince William Sound.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2000.tb00913.x","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Burdin, A., and Ryazanov, D., 2000, Age- and sex-specific mortality and population structure in sea otters: Marine Mammal Science, v. 16, no. 1, p. 201-219, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2000.tb00913.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"219","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689250","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burdin, A.M.","contributorId":45661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdin","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryazanov, D.A.","contributorId":15559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryazanov","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001729,"text":"1001729 - 2000 - Waterfowl research priorities in the northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:48:24","indexId":"1001729","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterfowl research priorities in the northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"It is necessary periodically to identify research priorities so that future research will be directed toward the most pertinent issues in waterfowl ecology and management. To that end, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center convened a quorum of experts on the ecology of breeding waterfowl, the Waterfowl Working Group, to 1) develop a mission statement, 2) identify waterfowl research priorities in the northern Great Plains, and 3) determine the frequency for re-identifying research needs. Research needs (nonprioritized) identified by the group and described in detail herein included: 1) determine effects of landscape factors on demographics and recruitment of ducks in the Prairie Pothole Region; 2) develop, improve, or update estimates of important parameters used in existing models for management and planning; 3) evaluate waterfowl management activities at broad, regional scales; 4) direct studies at waterfowl species of concern; and 5) evaluate applicability of the bird-conservation-area concept to waterfowl. The Waterfowl Working Group will reconsider research priorities at 2-year intervals.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Cox, R.R., Johnson, D.H., Johnson, M.A., Kirby, R., Nelson, J., and Reynolds, R., 2000, Waterfowl research priorities in the northern Great Plains: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, no. 3, p. 558-564.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"558","endPage":"564","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cde4b07f02db5d9343","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, M. A.","contributorId":87088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirby, R.E.","contributorId":75871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, J.W.","contributorId":9995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reynolds, R. E.","contributorId":25098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1008218,"text":"1008218 - 2000 - Forest gradient response in Sierran landscapes: the physical template","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-30T12:47:22","indexId":"1008218","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forest gradient response in Sierran landscapes: the physical template","docAbstract":"<p><span>Vegetation pattern on landscapes is the manifestation of physical gradients, biotic response to these gradients, and disturbances. Here we focus on the physical template as it governs the distribution of mixed-conifer forests in California's Sierra Nevada. We extended a forest simulation model to examine montane environmental gradients, emphasizing factors affecting the water balance in these summer-dry landscapes. The model simulates the soil moisture regime in terms of the interaction of water supply and demand: supply depends on precipitation and water storage, while evapotranspirational demand varies with solar radiation and temperature. The forest cover itself can affect the water balance via canopy interception and evapotranspiration. We simulated Sierran forests as slope facets, defined as gridded stands of homogeneous topographic exposure, and verified simulated gradient response against sample quadrats distributed across Sequoia National Park. We then performed a modified sensitivity analysis of abiotic factors governing the physical gradient. Importantly, the model's sensitivity to temperature, precipitation, and soil depth varies considerably over the physical template, particularly relative to elevation. The physical drivers of the water balance have characteristic spatial scales that differ by orders of magnitude. Across large spatial extents, temperature and precipitation as defined by elevation primarily govern the location of the mixed conifer zone. If the analysis is constrained to elevations within the mixed-conifer zone, local topography comes into play as it influences drainage. Soil depth varies considerably at all measured scales, and is especially dominant at fine (within-stand) scales. Physical site variables can influence soil moisture deficit either by affecting water supply or water demand; these effects have qualitatively different implications for forest response. These results have clear implications about purely inferential approaches to gradient analysis, and bear strongly on our ability to use correlative approaches in assessing the potential responses of montane forests to anthropogenic climatic change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1008183331604","usgsCitation":"Urban, D., Miller, C., Halpin, P.N., and Stephenson, N.L., 2000, Forest gradient response in Sierran landscapes: the physical template: Landscape Ecology, v. 15, no. 7, p. 603-620, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008183331604.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"620","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de389","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Urban, Dean L.","contributorId":10674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"Dean L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Carol","contributorId":18691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Carol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halpin, Patrick N.","contributorId":175071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halpin","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015103,"text":"1015103 - 2000 - Comparison of one and two-dimensional open channel flow models for a small habitat stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T11:24:11","indexId":"1015103","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3303,"text":"Rivers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of one and two-dimensional open channel flow models for a small habitat stream","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Waddle, T., Steffler, P., Ghanem, A., Katopodis, C., and Locke, A., 2000, Comparison of one and two-dimensional open channel flow models for a small habitat stream: Rivers, v. 7, no. 3, p. 205-220.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"220","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae273","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddle, T.J.","contributorId":90240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steffler, P.","contributorId":85547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steffler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ghanem, A.","contributorId":70727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghanem","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Katopodis, C.","contributorId":49741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katopodis","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Locke, A.","contributorId":59740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022301,"text":"70022301 - 2000 - The southwestern Alaska mercury belt and its relationship to the circum-Pacific metallogenic mercury province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T17:24:45.700547","indexId":"70022301","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3097,"text":"Polarforschung","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The southwestern Alaska mercury belt and its relationship to the circum-Pacific metallogenic mercury province","docAbstract":"<p>A belt of small but numerous mercury deposits extends for about 500 km in the Kuskokwim River region of southwestern Alaska. The southwestern Alaska mercury belt is part of widespread mercury deposits of the circumPacific region that are similar to other mercury deposits throughout the world because they are epithermal with formation temperatures of about 200<span>°</span>C, the ore is dominantly cinnabar with Hg-Sb-As<span>±</span>Au geochemistry, and mineralized forms include vein, vein breccias, stockworks, replacements, and disseminations. The southwestern Alaska mercury belt has produced about 1,400 t of mercury, which is small on an international scale. However, additional mercury deposits are likely to be discovered because the terrain is topographically low with significant vegetation cover. Anomalous concentrations of gold in cinnabar ore suggest that gold deposits are possible in higher temperature environments below some of the Alaska mercury deposits. We correlate mineralization of the southwestern Alaska mercury deposits with Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary igneous activity. Our 40Ar/39Ar ages of 70<span>±</span>3 Ma from hydrothermal sericites in the mercury deposits indicate a temporal association of igneous activity and mineralization. Furthermore, we suggest that our geological and geochemical data from the mercury deposits indicate that ore fluids were generated primarily in surrounding sedimentary wall rocks when they were cut by Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary intrusions. In our ore genesis model, igneous activity provided the heat to initiate dehydration reactions and expel fluids from hydrous minerals and formational waters in the surrounding sedimentary wall rocks, causing thermal convection and hydrothermal fluid flow through permeable rocks and along fractures and faults. Our isotopic data from sulfide and alteration minerals of the mercury deposits indicate that ore fluids were derived from multiple sources, with most ore fluids originating from the sedimentary wall rocks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publishing","doi":"10.2312/polarforschung.68.187","issn":"00322490","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Gent, C.A., and Snee, L., 2000, The southwestern Alaska mercury belt and its relationship to the circum-Pacific metallogenic mercury province: Polarforschung, v. 68, no. 1-3, p. 187-196, https://doi.org/10.2312/polarforschung.68.187.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"196","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405196,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.759510"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -161.8505859375,\n              60.941106295036136\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.796875,\n              60.941106295036136\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.796875,\n              63.24352118311121\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.8505859375,\n              63.24352118311121\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.8505859375,\n              60.941106295036136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb055e4b08c986b324dbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gent, C. A.","contributorId":17955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gent","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022837,"text":"70022837 - 2000 - Biogeochemical effects of global change on U.S. National Parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-25T17:08:20.817408","indexId":"70022837","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical effects of global change on U.S. National Parks","docAbstract":"<p><span>Federal parks and other public lands have unique mandates and rules regulating their use and conservation. Because of variation in their response to local, regional, and global-scale disturbance, development of mitigation strategies requires substantial research in the context of long-term inventory and monitoring. In 1982, the National Park Service began long-term, watershed-level studies in a series of national parks. The objective was to provide a more comprehensive database against which the effects of global change and other issues could be quantified. A subset of five sites in North Carolina, Texas, Washington, Michigan, and Alaska, is examined here. During the last 50 years, temperatures have declined at the southern sites and increased at the northern sites with the greatest increase in Alaska. Only the most southern site has shown an increase in precipitation amount. The net effect of these trends, especially for the most northern and southern sites, would likely be an increase in the growing season and especially the time soil processes could continue without moisture or temperature limitations. During the last 18 years, there were few trends in atmospheric ion inputs. The most evident was the decline in SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;deposition. There were no significant relationships between ion input and stream water output. This finding suggests other factors as modification of precipitation or canopy throughfall by soil processes, hydrologic flow path, and snowmelt rates are major processes regulating stream water chemical outputs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04272.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Herrmann, R., Stottlemyer, R., Zak, J., Edmonds, R., and Van Miegroet, H., 2000, Biogeochemical effects of global change on U.S. National Parks: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 2, p. 337-346, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04272.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"346","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, Michigan, North Carolina, Texas, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Asik watershed, Big Bend National Park, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Isle Royale National Park, Noatak National Preserve, Noland Divide, Olympic National Park, Pine Canyon, Wallace Lake, West Twin Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.924560546875,\n              35.47297322193219\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.87100219726562,\n              35.44612729642443\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.84902954101562,\n              35.44500852178629\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.78860473632812,\n              35.44277092585766\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.75015258789062,\n              35.44500852178629\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.64990234375,\n              35.42710601280137\n            ],\n            [\n        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