{"pageNumber":"1201","pageRowStart":"30000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70147256,"text":"70147256 - 2015 - Habitats of North American sea ducks.","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70147256,"text":"70147256 - 2015 - Habitats of North American sea ducks.","indexId":"70147256","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"13","title":"Habitats of North American sea ducks."},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:45:24","indexId":"70147256","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Habitats of North American sea ducks.","docAbstract":"

Breeding, molting, fall and spring staging, and wintering habitats of the sea duck tribe Mergini are described based on geographic locations and distribution in North America, geomorphology, vegetation and soil types, and fresh water and marine characteristics. The dynamics of habitats are discussed in light of natural and anthropogenic events that shape areas important to sea ducks. Strategies for sea duck habitat management are outlined and recommendations for international collaboration to preserve key terrestrial and aquatic habitats are advanced. We follow the definition of habitat advanced by Odum (1971), which is the place or space where an organism lives. Weller (1999) emphasized that habitats for waterbirds required presence of sufficient resources (i.e., food, water, cover, space) for maintenance during a portion of their annual cycle. Habitats exploited by North American sea ducks are diverse, widespread across the continent and adjacent marine waters and until recently, most were only superficially known. A 15-year-long effort funded research on sea duck habitats through the Sea Duck Joint Venture and the Endangered or Threatened Species programs of the United States and Canada. Nevertheless, important gaps remain in our understanding of key elements required by some species during various life stages. Many significant habitats, especially staging and wintering sites, have been and continue to be destroyed or altered by anthropogenic activities. The goal of this chapter is to develop a comprehensive summary of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats and their characteristics by considering sea duck species with similar needs as groups within the tribe Mergini. Additionally, we examine threats and changes to sea duck habitats from human-caused and natural events. Last, we evaluate conservation and management programs underway or available for maintenance and enhancement of habitats critical for sea ducks.

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The material in this volume reflects the burgeoning interest in sea ducks, both as study species with compelling and unique ecological attributes and as taxa of conservation concern. In this review, we provide perspective on the current state of sea duck knowledge by highlighting key findings in the preceding chapters that are of particular value for understanding or influencing population change. We also introduce a conceptual model that characterizes links among topics covered by individual chapters and places them in the context of demographic responses. Finally, we offer recommendations for areas of future research that we suggest will have importance for understanding and managing sea duck population dynamics.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Conservation of North American Sea Ducks","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., Flint, P.L., Derksen, D.V., Savard, J.L., and Eadie, J.M., 2015, Conclusions, synthesis, and future directions: understanding sources of population change, chap. of Ecology and Conservation of North American Sea Ducks, v. 46, p. 499-508.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"508","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055993","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56261444e4b0fb9a11dd75f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":518671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savard, Jean-Pierre L.","contributorId":101776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savard","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eadie, John M.","contributorId":65219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eadie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7082,"text":"University of California - Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70147436,"text":"70147436 - 2015 - Phylogenetics, phylogeography and population genetics of North American sea ducks (tribe: Mergini)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70147436,"text":"70147436 - 2015 - Phylogenetics, phylogeography and population genetics of North American sea ducks (tribe: Mergini)","indexId":"70147436","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"Phylogenetics, phylogeography and population genetics of North American sea ducks (tribe: Mergini)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:43:05","indexId":"70147436","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Phylogenetics, phylogeography and population genetics of North American sea ducks (tribe: Mergini)","docAbstract":"

Many environments occupied by North American sea ducks are remote and difficult to access, and as a result, detailed information about life history characteristics that drive population dynamics within and across species is limited. Nevertheless, progress on this front during the past several decades has benefited by the application of genetic technologies, and for several species, these technologies have allowed for concomitant tracking of population trends and genetic diversity, delineation of populations, assessment of gene flow among metapopulations, and understanding of migratory connectivity between breeding and wintering grounds. This chapter provides an overview of phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and population genetics studies of North American sea duck species, many of which have sought to understand the major and minor genetic divisions within and among sea duck species, and most of which have been conducted with the understanding that the maintenance of genetic variation in wild sea duck populations is fundamental to the group’s long-term persistence.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks; Studies in Avian Biology v. 46","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","isbn":"9781482248975","usgsCitation":"Talbot, S.L., Sonsthagen, S.A., Pearce, J.M., and Scribner, K.T., 2015, Phylogenetics, phylogeography and population genetics of North American sea ducks (tribe: Mergini), chap. 2 of Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks; Studies in Avian Biology v. 46, v. 46, p. 29-62.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056045","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312664,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300009,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781482248975"}],"volume":"46","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567930d0e4b0da412f4fb581","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":95434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70147255,"text":"70147255 - 2015 - Remigial molt of sea ducks","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70147255,"text":"70147255 - 2015 - Remigial molt of sea ducks","indexId":"70147255","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"9","title":"Remigial molt of sea ducks"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:56:42","indexId":"70147255","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Remigial molt of sea ducks","docAbstract":"

Molt is a dynamic process occurring throughout much of the year in waterfowl. The molt of flight feathers by waterfowl, especially sea ducks, however, occurs over a compressed period of time and in spcific areas used each year. We provide an overview of the flight feather molt of sea ducks. We focus on the need to molt and why, the timing and duration of flight feather mot, and the duration birds remain at molting areas; energetics of molt and strategies for managing energetic needs; molt migration' food resources and foraging behavior; predation risks; temporal constraints and competition; response to disturbance; and molt habitats and seasonal differences in habitat used by sea ducks. We conclude by presenting and discussing data gaps and emphasize the continuing need for a holistic approach to sea duck management and international cooperation among countries.

","largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks; Studies in Avian Biology v. 46","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","isbn":"9781482248975","collaboration":"Savard, Jean-Pierre L.","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., and Savard, J.L., 2015, Remigial molt of sea ducks, chap. 9 of Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks; Studies in Avian Biology v. 46, v. 46, p. 305-336.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"336","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054808","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299938,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781482248975"}],"volume":"46","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff655e4b09cfe53ca79bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savard, Jean-Pierre L.","contributorId":101776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savard","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147374,"text":"70147374 - 2015 - Population dynamics of sea ducks: using models to understand the causes, consequences, evolution, and management of variation in life history characteristics","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70147374,"text":"70147374 - 2015 - Population dynamics of sea ducks: using models to understand the causes, consequences, evolution, and management of variation in life history characteristics","indexId":"70147374","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"3","title":"Population dynamics of sea ducks: using models to understand the causes, consequences, evolution, and management of variation in life history characteristics"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-25T09:47:41","indexId":"70147374","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Population dynamics of sea ducks: using models to understand the causes, consequences, evolution, and management of variation in life history characteristics","docAbstract":"

In this chapter, I explore population dynamics of sea ducks by developing population models. In determining which life history characteristics had the greatest influence on future population dynamics, adult female survival consistently had the highest sensitivity and elasticity and this result was robust across a wide range of life history parameter values. Conversely, retrospective models consistently found that the majority of annual variation in lambda was associate with variation in productivity. Stochastic models that are base on process variation and incorporate correlations among life history parameters are the most useful for visualizing the probability of achieving a desired management outcome. Effective management targets both the mean and the variance parameters and takes advantage of correlations among life history parameters. Example models demonstrate that sea duck species can achieve equal fitness using a variety of survival and productivity combinations. Sea duck populations will tend to have long time largest in terms of responding to management actions. Understanding the role of density-dependent population regulation is critical for effective sea duck management and conservation.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks: Studies in Avian Biology v. 46","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","isbn":"978-1-4822-4897-5","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., 2015, Population dynamics of sea ducks: using models to understand the causes, consequences, evolution, and management of variation in life history characteristics, chap. 3 of Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks: Studies in Avian Biology v. 46, v. 46, p. 63-96.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"96","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033484","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299973,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781482248975"}],"volume":"46","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff654e4b09cfe53ca79b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148058,"text":"70148058 - 2015 - Aftershock communication during the Canterbury Earthquakes, New Zealand: Implications for response and recovery in the built environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-12T06:35:15","indexId":"70148058","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Aftershock communication during the Canterbury Earthquakes, New Zealand: Implications for response and recovery in the built environment","docAbstract":"

On 4 September 2010, a Mw7.1 earthquake occurred in Canterbury, New Zealand. Following the initial earthquake, an aftershock sequence was initiated, with the most significant aftershock being a Mw6.3 earthquake occurring on 22 February 2011. This aftershock caused severe damage to the city of Christchurch and building failures that killed 185 people. During the aftershock sequence it became evident that effective communication of aftershock information (e.g., history and forecasts) was imperative to assist with decision making during the response and recovery phases of the disaster, as well as preparedness for future aftershock events. As a consequence, a joint JCDR-USGS research project was initiated to investigate: • How aftershock information was communicated to organisations and to the public; • How people interpreted that information; • What people did in response to receiving that information; • What information people did and did not need; and • What decision-making challenges were encountered relating to aftershocks. Research was conducted by undertaking focus group meetings and interviews with a range of information providers and users, including scientists and science advisors, emergency managers and responders, engineers, communication officers, businesses, critical infrastructure operators, elected officials, and the public. The interviews and focus group meetings were recorded and transcribed, and key themes were identified. This paper focuses on the aftershock information needs for decision-making about the built environment post-earthquake, including those involved in response (e.g., for building assessment and management), recovery/reduction (e.g., the development of new building standards), and readiness (e.g. between aftershocks). The research has found that the communication of aftershock information varies with time, is contextual, and is affected by interactions among roles, by other information, and by decision objectives. A number of general and specific insights into improving the communication of aftershock information are provided.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Zealand Society of Earthquake Engineering proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2015 New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering Conference","conferenceDate":"April 10-12, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Rotorua, New Zealand","language":"English","publisher":"New Zealand Society of Earthquake Engineering","usgsCitation":"Becker, J., Wein, A., Potter, S., Doyle, E., and Ratliff, J.L., 2015, Aftershock communication during the Canterbury Earthquakes, New Zealand: Implications for response and recovery in the built environment, in New Zealand Society of Earthquake Engineering proceedings, Rotorua, New Zealand, April 10-12, 2015, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064465","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300442,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nzsee.org.nz/db/2015/Papers/O-52_Becker.pdf"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"Canterbury","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 169.189453125,\n -45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n 172.96875,\n -45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n 172.96875,\n -40.36328834091582\n ],\n [\n 169.189453125,\n -40.36328834091582\n ],\n [\n 169.189453125,\n -45.98169518512228\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563ddd3ce4b0831b7d6271e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, Julia","contributorId":140797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6956,"text":"GNS Science/Massey University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potter, Sally","contributorId":140798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potter","given":"Sally","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6956,"text":"GNS Science/Massey University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doyle, Emma","contributorId":140799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doyle","given":"Emma","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13571,"text":"Massey University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ratliff, Jamie L. 0000-0002-9967-3314 jratliff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9967-3314","contributorId":665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"Jamie","email":"jratliff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156728,"text":"70156728 - 2015 - Defining population structure and genetic signatures of decline in the giant garter snake (Thamnophis gigas): implications for conserving threatened species within highly altered landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-28T11:26:20","indexId":"70156728","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-11T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining population structure and genetic signatures of decline in the giant garter snake (Thamnophis gigas): implications for conserving threatened species within highly altered landscapes","docAbstract":"

Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation can disrupt the ability of species to disperse across landscapes, which can alter the levels and distribution of genetic diversity within populations and negatively impact long-term viability. The giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) is a state and federally threatened species that historically occurred in the wetland habitats of California’s Great Central Valley. Despite the loss of 93 % of historic wetlands throughout the Central Valley, giant gartersnakes continue to persist in relatively small, isolated patches of highly modified agricultural wetlands. Gathering information regarding genetic diversity and effective population size represents an essential component for conservation management programs aimed at this species. Previous mitochondrial sequence studies have revealed historical patterns of differentiation, yet little is known about contemporary population structure and diversity. On the basis of 15 microsatellite loci, we estimate population structure and compare indices of genetic diversity among populations spanning seven drainage basins within the Central Valley. We sought to understand how habitat loss may have affected genetic differentiation, genetic diversity and effective population size, and what these patterns suggest in terms of management and restoration actions. We recovered five genetic clusters that were consistent with regional drainage basins, although three northern basins within the Sacramento Valley formed a single genetic cluster. Our results show that northern drainage basin populations have higher connectivity than among central and southern basins populations, and that greater differentiation exists among the more geographically isolated populations in the central and southern portion of the species’ range. Genetic diversity measures among basins were significantly different, and were generally lower in southern basin populations. Levels of inbreeding and evidence of population bottlenecks were detected in about half the populations we sampled, and effective population size estimates were well below recommended minimum thresholds to avoid inbreeding. Efforts focused on maintaining and enhancing existing wetlands to facilitate dispersal between basins and increase local effective population sizes may be critical for these otherwise isolated populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10592-015-0720-6","usgsCitation":"Wood, D.A., Halstead, B., Casazza, M.L., Hansen, E.C., Wylie, G.D., and Vandergast, A.G., 2015, Defining population structure and genetic signatures of decline in the giant garter snake (Thamnophis gigas): implications for conserving threatened species within highly altered landscapes: Conservation Genetics, v. 16, no. 5, p. 1025-1039, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-015-0720-6.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1039","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062768","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e57aace4b05561fa208688","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Dustin A. 0000-0002-7668-9911 dawood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-9911","contributorId":4179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Dustin","email":"dawood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, Eric C.","contributorId":146299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16663,"text":"Eric C. Hansen Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wylie, Glenn D. 0000-0002-7061-6658 glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-6658","contributorId":3052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571 avandergast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":3963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","email":"avandergast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70169287,"text":"70169287 - 2015 - Diet of yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii) in Arctic lakes during the nesting season inferred from fatty acid analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T11:18:23","indexId":"70169287","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-11T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet of yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii) in Arctic lakes during the nesting season inferred from fatty acid analysis","docAbstract":"

Understanding the dietary habits of yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii) can give important insights into their ecology, however, studying the diet of loons is difficult when direct observation or specimen collection is impractical. We investigate the diet of yellow-billed loons nesting on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska using quantitative fatty acid signature analysis. Tissue analysis from 26 yellow-billed loons and eleven prey groups (nine fish species and two invertebrate groups) from Arctic lakes suggests that yellow-billed loons are eating high proportions of Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis), broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) during late spring and early summer. The prominence of blackfish in diets highlights the widespread availability of blackfish during the early stages of loon nesting, soon after spring thaw. The high proportions of broad whitefish and three-spined stickleback may reflect a residual signal from the coastal staging period prior to establishing nesting territories on lakes, when loons are more likely to encounter these species. Our analyses were sensitive to the choice of calibration coefficient based on data from three different species, indicating the need for development of loon-specific coefficients for future study and confirmation of our results. Regardless, fish that are coastally distributed and that successfully overwinter in lakes are likely key food items for yellow-billed loons early in the nesting season.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00300-015-1690-3","usgsCitation":"Haynes, T.B., Schmutz, J.A., Bromaghin, J.F., Iverson, S.J., Padula, V.M., and Rosenberger, A.E., 2015, Diet of yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii) in Arctic lakes during the nesting season inferred from fatty acid analysis: Polar Biology, v. 38, no. 8, p. 1239-1247, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1690-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1239","endPage":"1247","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061290","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438706,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H993BH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fatty acid signature data of potential yellow-billed loon prey in the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska, 2009-2011"},{"id":335486,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7H993BH","text":"Fatty acid signature data of potential yellow-billed loon prey in the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska, 2009-2011"},{"id":319337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.18,\n 71.0\n ],\n [\n -157.18,\n 70.0\n ],\n [\n -154.18,\n 70.0\n ],\n [\n -154.18,\n 71.0\n ],\n [\n -157.18,\n 71.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fb7e4b0f59b85e1ead9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haynes, T B","contributorId":167768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haynes","given":"T","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":24825,"text":"School of Fish and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iverson, S J","contributorId":167769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"S","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":24826,"text":"Department of Biology, Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Padula, V. M.","contributorId":167770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Padula","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24825,"text":"School of Fish and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenberger, A E","contributorId":167771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"A","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":24827,"text":"Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Geological Survey, University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70146256,"text":"70146256 - 2015 - Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater of the bedrock at a geothermal feasibility site on Roosevelt Island, New York County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-24T16:29:02","indexId":"70146256","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater of the bedrock at a geothermal feasibility site on Roosevelt Island, New York County, New York","docAbstract":"

Advanced borehole-geophysical methods were used to investigate the hydrogeology of the crystalline bedrock in three boreholes on Roosevelt Island, New York County, New York. Cornell University was evaluating the feasibility of using geothermal energy for a future campus at the site. The borehole-logging techniques were used to delineate bedrock fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the Fordham Gneiss in test boreholes at the site. Three fracture populations dominated by small (0.04 in or less) fractures were delineated in the three boreholes. A sub-horizontal population with low to moderate dipping fractures, a northeast dipping population with moderate to high angle fractures, and a small northwest dipping high angle fracture population. One large southwest dipping transmissive fracture underlies the entire study area with a mean dip azimuth of 235º southwest and a dip angle of 31º (N325ºW 31ºSW). The mean foliation dip azimuth was 296º northwest with a mean dip angle of 73º (N26ºE 73ºNW). Groundwater appears to flow through a network of fractures dominated by a large fracture underlying the site that is affected by tidal variations from the nearby East River. The total number of fractures penetrated by each borehole was 95, 63, and 68, with fracture indices of 0.26, 0.20, and 0.20 in GT-1 (NY292), GT-2 (NY293), and GT-3 (NY294), respectively. Aquifer test data indicate the specific capacity of boreholes GT-1 (NY292), GT-2 (NY293), and GT-3 (NY294) was 1.9, 1.5, and 3.7 gal/min/ft, respectively. The large contribution of flow from the leaking casing in borehole GT-3 (NY294) caused the doubling in specific capacity compared to boreholes GT-1 (NY292) and GT-2 (NY293). The transmissivities of the large fracture intersected by the three boreholes tested (GT-1, GT-2, and GT-3), calculated from aquifer-test analyses of time-drawdown data and flowmeter differencing, were 133, 124, and 65 feet squared per day (ft2/d), respectively. Gringarten analysis indicated the large fracture intersects a low transmissivity boundary or distant fracture network with an average transmissivity of 69 ft2/d, this distant hydraulic boundary averages about 200 ft away from boreholes GT-1 and GT-2. Field measurements of specific conductance of the three boreholes under ambient conditions at the site indicate an increase in conductivity toward the southwest part of the site. Specific conductance was 5, 6, and 23 millisiemens per centimeter (mS/cm) in boreholes GT-2, GT-3, and GT-1, respectively. Three borehole radar reflection logs collected at each of the boreholes indicated increased penetration with depth and the large fracture intersecting all three boreholes was imaged as far as 80 ft from the boreholes. A borehole radar attenuation tomogram from GT-1 to GT-2 indicated the large fracture intersected by the boreholes extends between the boreholes with a low angle southwest dip.

","conferenceTitle":"22nd Conference on the Geology of Long Island and Metropolitan New York","conferenceDate":"April 11, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Stony Brook, NY","language":"English","collaboration":"Cornell University; USGS","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Chu, A., Como, M.D., Noll, M.L., and Joesten, P.K., 2015, Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater of the bedrock at a geothermal feasibility site on Roosevelt Island, New York County, New York, 22nd Conference on the Geology of Long Island and Metropolitan New York, Stony Brook, NY, April 11, 2015, 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063658","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Roosevelt Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.94210815429688,\n 40.77274188001071\n ],\n [\n -73.95343780517578,\n 40.761300880922235\n ],\n [\n -73.95978927612305,\n 40.75297891717686\n ],\n [\n -73.96150588989258,\n 40.750768220446936\n ],\n [\n -73.96150588989258,\n 40.748947591479705\n ],\n [\n -73.95463943481445,\n 40.75440932883489\n ],\n [\n -73.9493179321289,\n 40.76091081214379\n ],\n [\n -73.94056320190428,\n 40.770011820529064\n ],\n [\n -73.93918991088867,\n 40.77248187917859\n ],\n [\n -73.94039154052734,\n 40.77352187640244\n ],\n [\n -73.94210815429688,\n 40.77274188001071\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5655983ae4b071e7ea53def9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chu, Anthony 0000-0001-8623-2862 achu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-2862","contributorId":2517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Anthony","email":"achu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Como, Michael D. 0000-0002-7911-5390 mcomo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-5390","contributorId":4651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Como","given":"Michael","email":"mcomo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noll, Michael L. 0000-0003-2050-3134 mnoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-3134","contributorId":4652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noll","given":"Michael","email":"mnoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70145818,"text":"70145818 - 2015 - First record of black band disease in the Hawaiian archipelago: response, outbreak, status, virulence, and a method of treatment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-10T15:56:24","indexId":"70145818","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-10T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First record of black band disease in the Hawaiian archipelago: response, outbreak, status, virulence, and a method of treatment","docAbstract":"

A high number of coral colonies, Montipora spp., with progressive tissue loss were reported from the north shore of Kaua‘i by a member of the Eyes of the Reef volunteer reporting network. The disease has a distinct lesion (semi-circular pattern of tissue loss with an adjacent dark band) that was first observed in Hanalei Bay, Kaua‘i in 2004. The disease, initially termedMontipora banded tissue loss, appeared grossly similar to black band disease (BBD), which affects corals worldwide. Following the initial report, a rapid response was initiated as outlined in Hawai‘i’s rapid response contingency plan to determine outbreak status and investigate the disease. Our study identified the three dominant bacterial constituents indicative of BBD (filamentous cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria) in coral disease lesions from Kaua‘i, which provided the first evidence of BBD in the Hawaiian archipelago. A rapid survey at the alleged outbreak site found disease to affect 6-7% of the montiporids, which is higher than a prior prevalence of less than 1% measured on Kaua‘i in 2004, indicative of an epizootic. Tagged colonies with BBD had an average rate of tissue loss of 5.7 cm2/day over a two-month period. Treatment of diseased colonies with a double band of marine epoxy, mixed with chlorine powder, effectively reduced colony mortality. Within two months, treated colonies lost an average of 30% less tissue compared to untreated controls.

","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0120853","usgsCitation":"Aeby, G.S., Work, T.M., Runyon, C.M., Shore-Maggio, A., Ushijima, B., Videau, P., Beurmann, S., and Callahan, S.M., 2015, First record of black band disease in the Hawaiian archipelago: response, outbreak, status, virulence, and a method of treatment: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 3, 17 p.; e0120853, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120853.","productDescription":"17 p.; e0120853","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060848","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120853","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Callahan, Sean M.","contributorId":97420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Callahan","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13394,"text":"Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70125112,"text":"tm14A1 - 2015 - Scoops3D: software to analyze 3D slope stability throughout a digital landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-16T14:19:41.323077","indexId":"tm14A1","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-10T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and 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The computer program, Scoops3D, evaluates slope stability throughout a digital landscape represented by a digital elevation model (DEM). The program uses a three-dimensional (3D) method of columns approach to assess the stability of many (typically millions) potential landslides within a user-defined size range. For each potential landslide (or failure), Scoops3D assesses the stability of a rotational, spherical slip surface encompassing many DEM cells using a 3D version of either Bishop’s simplified method or the Ordinary (Fellenius) method of limit-equilibrium analysis. Scoops3D has several options for the user to systematically and efficiently search throughout an entire DEM, thereby incorporating the effects of complex surface topography. In a thorough search, each DEM cell is included in multiple potential failures, and Scoops3D records the lowest stability (factor of safety) for each DEM cell, as well as the size (volume or area) associated with each of these potential landslides. It also determines the least-stable potential failure for the entire DEM. The user has a variety of options for building a 3D domain, including layers or full 3D distributions of strength and pore-water pressures, simplistic earthquake loading, and unsaturated suction conditions. Results from Scoops3D can be readily incorporated into a geographic information system (GIS) or other visualization software. This manual includes information on the theoretical basis for the slope-stability analysis, requirements for constructing and searching a 3D domain, a detailed operational guide (including step-by-step instructions for using the graphical user interface [GUI] software, Scoops3D-i) and input/output file specifications, practical considerations for conducting an analysis, results of verification tests, and multiple examples illustrating the capabilities of Scoops3D. Easy-to-use software installation packages are available for the Windows or Macintosh operating systems; these packages install the compiled Scoops3D program, the GUI (Scoops3D-i), and associated documentation. Several Scoops3D examples, including all input and output files, are available as well. The source code is written in the Fortran 90 language and can be compiled to run on any computer operating system with an appropriate compiler.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Modeling methods in Book 14 Landslide and Debris-Flow Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm14A1","usgsCitation":"Reid, M.E., Christian, S.B., Brien, D.L., and Henderson, S.T., 2015, Scoops3D: software to analyze 3D slope stability throughout a digital landscape: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 14-A1, Report: xiv, 218 p.; Readme; Windows install package; Mac install disk image; examples folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm14A1.","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 218 p.; Readme; Windows install package; Mac install disk image; examples folder","numberOfPages":"236","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049458","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299583,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm14A1.jpg"},{"id":299582,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a01/downloads/tm14-a1_Scoops3Dexamples_1.3.zip","text":"Examples folder","size":"35 MB"},{"id":299580,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a01/downloads/Scoops3D_1.3.01win_installer.exe","text":"Windows install package version 1.3.01","size":"35 MB"},{"id":299579,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a01/downloads/tm14-a1_ReadMe_Scoops3D_1.3.01.txt","size":"15 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":299578,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a01/pdf/tm14-a1.pdf","size":"18.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299581,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a01/downloads/tm14-a1_Scoops3D_1.1mac.dmg","text":"Mac install disk image version 1.1","size":"51 MB"},{"id":299577,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a01/"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 1 of Section A: Modeling methods in Book 14 Landslide and Debris-Flow Assessment","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5528e61de4b026915857cb00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christian, Sarah B.","contributorId":20739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brien, Dianne L. dbrien@usgs.gov","contributorId":3296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brien","given":"Dianne","email":"dbrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":363,"text":"Landslide Hazards Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henderson, Scott T.","contributorId":119002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70144858,"text":"70144858 - 2015 - Response to \"Comment on and Reinterpretation of Gabriel et al. (2014) \"Fish Mercury and Surface Water Sulfate Relationships in the Everglades Protection Area\"\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T12:56:43","indexId":"70144858","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-10T12:55:06","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to \"Comment on and Reinterpretation of Gabriel et al. (2014) \"Fish Mercury and Surface Water Sulfate Relationships in the Everglades Protection Area\"\"","docAbstract":"

The purpose of this forum is to respond to a rebuttal submitted by Julian et al., Environ Manag 55:1–5, 2015 where they outlined their overall disagreement with the data preparation, methods, and interpretation of results presented in Gabriel et al. (Environ Manag 53:583–593, 2014). Here, we provide background information on the research premise presented in Gabriel et al. (Environ Manag 53:583–593, 2014) and provide a defense for this work using five themes. In spite of what Julian et al. perceive as limitations in the sampling methods and analytical tools used for this work, the relationships found between fish total mercury and surface water sulfate concentrations in Gabriel et al. (Environ Manag 53:583–593, 2014) are comparable to relationships between pore water methylmercury (MeHg) and pore water sulfate found in past studies indicating that sulfate is important to MeHg production and bioaccumulation in the Everglades. Julian et al. state “…there is no way to justify any ecosystem-wide sulfur strategy as a management approach to reduce mercury risk in the (Everglades) as suggested by Gabriel et al. (Environ Manag 53:583–593, 2014), Corrales et al. (Sci Tot Environ 409:2156–2162, 2011) and Orem et al. (Rev Environ Sci Technol 41 (S1):249–288, 2011).” We disagree, and having stated why sulfate input reduction to the Everglades may be the most effective means of reducing mercury in Everglades fish, it is important that research on sulfur and mercury biogeochemistry continues. If further studies support the relationship between sulfate loading reduction and MeHg reduction, sulfur mass balance studies should commence to (1) better quantify agricultural and connate seawater sulfate inputs and (2) define opportunities to reduce sulfate inputs to the Everglades ecosystem.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-015-0486-0","usgsCitation":"Gabriel, M.C., Axelrad, D., Orem, W.H., and Osborne, T.Z., 2015, Response to \"Comment on and Reinterpretation of Gabriel et al. (2014) \"Fish Mercury and Surface Water Sulfate Relationships in the Everglades Protection Area\"\": Environmental Management, v. 55, no. 6, p. 1227-1231, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0486-0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1227","endPage":"1231","ipdsId":"IP-063092","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gabriel, Mark C.","contributorId":140034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gabriel","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13361,"text":"International Joint Commission, Washington DC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Axelrad, Don","contributorId":140035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Axelrad","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13362,"text":"Florida A&M University, Inst. of Public Health, Tallahassee, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osborne, Todd Z.","contributorId":140037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osborne","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":13363,"text":"University of Florida, Wetland Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Soil and Water Science Dept, Gainesville, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70144368,"text":"70144368 - 2015 - Global trends in emerging viral diseases of wildlife origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-24T19:28:40.037907","indexId":"70144368","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-10T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Global trends in emerging viral diseases of wildlife origin","docAbstract":"

Fifty years ago, infectious diseases were rarely considered threats to wildlife populations, and the study of wildlife diseases was largely a neglected endeavor. Furthermore, public health leaders at that time had declared that “it is time to close the book on infectious diseases and the war against pestilence won,” a quote attributed to Dr. William H. Stewart in 1967. There is some debate whether he actually said these words; however, they reflect the widespread belief at that time (Spellberg, 2008). Leap forward to today, and the book on infectious diseases has been dusted off. There is general consensus that the global environment favors the emergence of infectious diseases, and in particular, diseases of wildlife origin (Taylor et al., 2001). Examples of drivers of these infectious diseases include climate and landscape changes, human demographic and behavior changes, global travel and trade, microbial adaptation, and lack of appropriate infrastructure for wildlife disease control and prevention (Daszak et al., 2001). The consequences of these emerging diseases are global and profound with increased burden on the public health system, negative impacts on the global economy and food security, declines and extinctions of wildlife species, and subsequent loss of ecosystem integrity. For example, 35 million people are currently living with HIV infection globally (http://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en); 400 million poultry have been culled since 2003 as a result of efforts to control highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza (http://www.fao.org/avianflu/en/index.html), and there are increasing biological and ecological consequences.

\n

Examples of health threats to biodiversity include the “spillover” of human diseases to great ape populations (Köndgen et al., 2008), the near-extirpation of the black-footed ferret from canine distemper and sylvatic plague (for a review see Abbott et al., 2012), and threats to Hawaiian forest birds from introduced pathogens such as avian malaria and avian pox (van Riper et al., 1986, 2002). There are also newly discovered pathogens or diseases that have resulted in population declines, and global extinctions of several species. Examples include Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes a cutaneous fungal infection of amphibians and is linked to declines of amphibians globally (Kriger and Hero, 2009); and recently discovered Pseudogymnoascus (Geomyces) destructans, the etiologic agent of white-nose syndrome (WNS), which has caused precipitous declines of North American bat species (Blehert et al., 2009). Furthermore, there is increasing evidence of the subsequent impacts on human and ecosystem health; for example, increasing risk of exposure to Lyme disease as a consequence of decreased biodiversity (LoGiudice et al., 2003) as well as the economic cost of the loss of bats due to decreased insect control services (Boyles et al., 2011). Figure A12-1 is a timeline of important diseases investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey since the 1970s, which illustrates three factors:

\n

1. The unprecedented emergence of new pathogens and geographic spread of known pathogens since the 1990s;

\n

2. Diseases are increasingly causing large-scale, negative impacts on wildlife populations and spreading over larger geographic areas rather than remaining localized; and

\n

3. Diseases are increasingly of concern for multiple sectors, including public health, agriculture and wildlife management agencies.

\n

Of increasing concern are these novel diseases such as WNS as they are hard to anticipate, particularly devastating to human health or wildlife populations, challenging to manage, spread over large geographic areas in short time periods, and may result in ecological ripple effects that are difficult to predict.

\n

The following article provides examples of recently emerged viral diseases of wildlife origin. The examples have been selected to illustrate the drivers of emerging viral diseases, both novel pathogens and previously known diseases, the impacts of these diseases, as well as the role of wildlife both as “villains” or reservoirs as well as “victims” of these viral diseases. The article also discusses potential management strategies for emerging viral diseases in wildlife populations and future science directions in wildlife health to prevent, prepare, respond to, and recover from these disease events. Finally, the concept of One Health and its potential role in developing solutions to these issues of mutual concern is discussed.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Emerging viral dieases: the One Health connection: workshop summary","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Emerging Viral Diseases: The \"One Health\" Connection","conferenceDate":"March 18-19, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Washington, D.C.","language":"English","publisher":"The National Academies Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","isbn":"9780309313971","usgsCitation":"Sleeman, J.M., and Ip, S., 2015, Global trends in emerging viral diseases of wildlife origin, in Emerging viral dieases: the One Health connection: workshop summary, Washington, D.C., March 18-19, 2014, p. 248-262.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058814","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299561,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nap.edu/catalog/18975/emerging-viral-diseases-the-one-health-connection-workshop-summary"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5528e61ce4b026915857cafe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-9910-6125 jsleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-6125","contributorId":128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jsleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":82110,"text":"Midcontinent Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70134287,"text":"cir1407 - 2015 - The water-energy nexus: an earth science perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-10T09:25:05","indexId":"cir1407","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-10T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1407","title":"The water-energy nexus: an earth science perspective","docAbstract":"

Water availability and use are closely connected with energy development and use. Water cannot be delivered to homes, businesses, and industries without energy, and most forms of energy development require large amounts of water. The United States faces two significant and sometimes competing challenges: to provide sustainable supplies of freshwater for humans and ecosystems and to ensure adequate sources of energy for future generations. This report reviews the complex ways in which water and energy are interconnected and describes the earth science data collection and research that can help the Nation address these important challenges.

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The earth sciences have been a cornerstone in developing our current understanding of the water-energy nexus. A full understanding of the nexus, however, is limited by uncertainty in our knowledge of fundamental issues, such as the quantity of freshwater that is available, the amount of water that is used in energy development, the effects that emerging energy development technologies have on water quality and quantity, and the amount of energy required to treat and deliver freshwater. Enhanced data collection and research can improve our understanding of these important issues and thereby lay the groundwork for informed resource management.

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Relevant earth science issues analyzed and discussed herein include freshwater availability; water use; ecosystems health; assessment of saline water resources; assessment of fossil-fuel, uranium, and geothermal resources; subsurface injection of wastewater and carbon dioxide and related induced seismicity; climate change and its effect on water availability and energy production; byproducts and waste streams of energy development; emerging energy-development technologies; and energy for water treatment and delivery.

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jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187270,"text":"70187270 - 2015 - Effects of microhabitat and land use on stream salamander abundance in the southwest Virginia coalfields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T09:51:56","indexId":"70187270","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of microhabitat and land use on stream salamander abundance in the southwest Virginia coalfields","docAbstract":"

Large-scale land uses such as residential wastewater discharge and coal mining practices, particularly surface coal extraction and associated valley fills, are of particular ecological concern in central Appalachia. Identification and quantification of both alterations across scales are a necessary first-step to mitigate negative consequences to biota. In central Appalachian headwater streams absent of fish, salamanders are the dominant, most abundant vertebrate predator providing a significant intermediate trophic role. Stream salamander species are considered to be sensitive to aquatic stressors and environmental alterations, and past research has shown linkages among microhabitat parameters, large-scale land use such as urbanization and logging with salamander abundances. However, little is known about these linkages in the coalfields of central Appalachia. In the summer of 2013, we visited 70 sites (sampled three times each) in the southwest Virginia coalfields to survey salamanders and quantify stream and riparian microhabitat parameters. Using an information-theoretic framework we compared the effects of microhabitat and large-scale land use on salamander abundances. Our findings indicate that dusky salamander (Desmognathus spp.) abundances are more correlated to microhabitat parameters such as canopy cover than to subwatershed land uses. Brook salamander (Eurycea spp.) abundances show strong negative associations to the suspended sediments and stream substrate embeddedness. Neither Desmognathus spp. nor Eurycea spp. abundances were influenced by water conductivity. These suggest protection or restoration of riparian habitats and erosion control is an important conservation component for maintaining stream salamanders in the mined landscapes of central Appalachia.

","conferenceTitle":"Second Environmental Considerations in Energy Production Conference","conferenceDate":"September 20-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Mining, Mettallurgy, and Exploration, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Englewood, CO","usgsCitation":"Sweeten, S.E., and Ford, W., 2015, Effects of microhabitat and land use on stream salamander abundance in the southwest Virginia coalfields, Second Environmental Considerations in Energy Production Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, September 20-23, 2015, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-064395","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. 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This report presents Phase 2 of the review and development of the mass balance water-quality model, originally developed in 2001, that guided establishment of the phosphorus (P) total maximum daily load (TMDL) for Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon. The purpose of Phase 2 was to incorporate a longer (19-year) set of external phosphorus loading data into the lake TMDL model than had originally been available, and to develop a proof-of-concept method for modeling algal mortality and the consequent decrease in chlorophyll a that had not been possible with the 2001 TMDL model formulation.

\n

Using the extended 1991–2010 external phosphorus loading dataset, the lake TMDL model was recalibrated following the same procedures outlined in the Phase 1 review. The version of the model selected for further development incorporated an updated sediment initial condition, a numerical solution method for the chlorophyll a model, changes to light and phosphorus factors limiting algal growth, and a new pH-model regression, which removed Julian day dependence in order to avoid discontinuities in pH at year boundaries. This updated lake TMDL model was recalibrated using the extended dataset in order to compare calibration parameters to those obtained from a calibration with the original 7.5-year dataset. The resulting algal settling velocity calibrated from the extended dataset was more than twice the value calibrated with the original dataset, and, because the calibrated values of algal settling velocity and recycle rate are related (more rapid settling required more rapid recycling), the recycling rate also was larger than that determined with the original dataset. These changes in calibration parameters highlight the uncertainty in critical rates in the Upper Klamath Lake TMDL model and argue for their direct measurement in future data collection to increase confidence in the model predictions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155041","usgsCitation":"Wherry, S.A., Wood, T.M., and Anderson, C.W., 2015, Revision and proposed modification for a total maximum daily load model for Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5041, vii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155041.","productDescription":"vii, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057247","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155041.JPG"},{"id":299549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5041/"},{"id":299550,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5041/pdf/sir2015-5041.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.4 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0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":139268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70140562,"text":"ofr20151004 - 2015 - A case study of data integration for aquatic resources using semantic web technologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T16:42:35","indexId":"ofr20151004","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-09T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File 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Use cases, information modeling, and linked data techniques are Semantic Web technologies used to develop a prototype system that integrates scientific observations from four independent USGS and cooperator data systems. The techniques were tested with a use case goal of creating a data set for use in exploring potential relationships among freshwater fish populations and environmental factors. The resulting prototype extracts data from the BioData Retrieval System, the Multistate Aquatic Resource Information System, the National Geochemical Survey, and the National Hydrography Dataset. A prototype user interface allows a scientist to select observations from these data systems and combine them into a single data set in RDF format that includes explicitly defined relationships and data definitions. The project was funded by the USGS Community for Data Integration and undertaken by the Community for Data Integration Semantic Web Working Group in order to demonstrate use of Semantic Web technologies by scientists. This allows scientists to simultaneously explore data that are available in multiple, disparate systems beyond those they traditionally have used.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151004","usgsCitation":"Gordon, J.M., Chkhenkeli, N., Govoni, D.L., Lightsom, F.L., Ostroff, A.C., Schweitzer, P.N., Thongsavanh, P., Varanka, D.E., and Zednik, S., 2015, A case study of data integration for aquatic resources using semantic web technologies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1004, v, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151004.","productDescription":"v, 55 p.","startPage":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045446","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151004.jpg"},{"id":299544,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1004/pdf/ofr2015-1004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299543,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1004/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55279498e4b026915857c836","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, Janice M. janicegordon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Janice","email":"janicegordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chkhenkeli, Nina nchkhenkeli@usgs.gov","contributorId":5904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chkhenkeli","given":"Nina","email":"nchkhenkeli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Govoni, David L. dgovoni@usgs.gov","contributorId":5192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Govoni","given":"David","email":"dgovoni@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5071,"text":"Office of Administration","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lightsom, Frances L. 0000-0003-4043-3639 flightsom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-3639","contributorId":1535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsom","given":"Frances","email":"flightsom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ostroff, Andrea C. 0000-0002-1632-6174 aostroff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1632-6174","contributorId":2756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostroff","given":"Andrea","email":"aostroff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schweitzer, Peter N. pschweitzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":5905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweitzer","given":"Peter","email":"pschweitzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thongsavanh, Phethala thongsav@usgs.gov","contributorId":5154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thongsavanh","given":"Phethala","email":"thongsav@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Varanka, Dalia E. 0000-0003-2857-9600 dvaranka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-9600","contributorId":1296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varanka","given":"Dalia","email":"dvaranka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zednik, Stephan","contributorId":139117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zednik","given":"Stephan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12656,"text":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70169233,"text":"70169233 - 2015 - Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-24T10:23:25","indexId":"70169233","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-09T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback","docAbstract":"

Large quantities of organic carbon are stored in frozen soils (permafrost) within Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. A warming climate can induce environmental changes that accelerate the microbial breakdown of organic carbon and the release of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane. This feedback can accelerate climate change, but the magnitude and timing of greenhouse gas emission from these regions and their impact on climate change remain uncertain. Here we find that current evidence suggests a gradual and prolonged release of greenhouse gas emissions in a warming climate and present a research strategy with which to target poorly understood aspects of permafrost carbon dynamics.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Macmillan Journals Ltd.","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1038/nature14338","usgsCitation":"Schuur, E., McGuire, A.D., Schädel, C., Grosse, G., Harden, J., Hayes, D., Hugelius, G., Koven, C., Kuhry, P., Lawrence, D., Natali, S.M., Olefeldt, D., Romanovsky, V., Schaefer, K., Turetsky, M., Treat, C.C., and Vonk, J., 2015, Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback: Nature, v. 520, p. 171-179, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14338.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058181","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14338","text":"External Repository"},{"id":319352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions","volume":"520","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fb2e4b0f59b85e1eab6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuur, E.A.G.","contributorId":106679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuur","given":"E.A.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":623371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schädel, C.","contributorId":167791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schädel","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayes, D.J.","contributorId":56074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hugelius, G.","contributorId":27338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hugelius","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Koven, C.D.","contributorId":34017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koven","given":"C.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kuhry, P.","contributorId":57277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuhry","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lawrence, D.M.","contributorId":98608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Natali, Susan M.","contributorId":103160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Natali","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Olefeldt, David","contributorId":37622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olefeldt","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Romanovsky, V.E.","contributorId":54721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Schaefer, K.","contributorId":64127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Turetsky, M.R.","contributorId":107470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Treat, Claire C.","contributorId":96606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treat","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":25501,"text":"University of Eastern Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Vonk, J.E.","contributorId":167792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vonk","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70141222,"text":"sir20155016 - 2015 - Evaluation of mean-monthly streamflow-regression equations for Colorado, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-09T09:22:23","indexId":"sir20155016","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-09T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5016","title":"Evaluation of mean-monthly streamflow-regression equations for Colorado, 2014","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board, evaluated the predictive uncertainty of mean-monthly streamflow-regression equations representative of natural streamflow conditions in Colorado. This study evaluates the predictive uncertainty of mean-monthly streamflow-regression equations developed in a 2009 U.S. Geological Survey study using streamflow data collected over the entire period of record at each streamgage through calendar year 2013. The study area for this report is limited to the Mountain, Northwest, Rio Grande, and Southwest hydrologic regions of Colorado.

\n

Data collected from the beginning of the period of record through calendar year 2013 were used to evaluate the mean-monthly streamflow equations using the same basin characteristics as in the 2009 study. U.S. Geological Survey and Colorado Division of Water Resources streamgages with at least 10 years of streamflow record and identified as representative of natural streamflow conditions were selected for this study. During the streamgage selection process, a total of 432 streamgages, composed of 278 from the 2009 study and 154 new streamgages, were identified.

\n

The updated standard error of prediction and adjusted coefficient of determination values that correspond to the mean-monthly streamflow equations developed in the 2009 study are in close agreement with the results of this study. The old streamgages performed slightly better than the new streamgages, with approximately 88 and 85 percent of the data within the prediction intervals, respectively. This result was expected because the streamgages used to develop the regression equations should yield a better performance than the new streamgages.

\n

For all hydrologic regions, approximately 87 percent of the data are within the 95-percent prediction intervals. The explanation for why fewer than 95 percent of the data are within the prediction intervals is that the data do not conform perfectly to the regression assumptions required to accurately estimate performance metrics. The equations for the Rio Grande hydrologic region had the best fit with the parametric prediction-interval assumptions, with approximately 91.8 percent of the data within the prediction interval (average 12 months). The Mountain, Northwest, and Southwest hydrologic regions had 87.8, 84.9, and 83.5 percent of the data contained within the prediction interval, respectively.

\n

Monthly adjusted coefficient of determination values were computed and have the same general pattern for all four hydrologic regions. The largest values usually occur in March or April, and the lowest values usually occur in August or September. Only the Rio Grande hydrologic region deviates from this seasonal pattern, exhibiting a decrease in adjusted coefficient of determination values in August and September, with the lowest values occurring in the winter months (December, January, and February). Generally, the adjusted coefficient of determination values for this report are just slightly less (0.76 compared to 0.79) than the values computed in the 2009 study. The similarity of values, even when tested with data not used to originally develop the mean-monthly streamflow-regression equations, provides confidence that the predictive uncertainty of mean-monthly regression equations in the 2009 study are accurate. The fact that the results for the two datasets are very similar provides assurance that when these equations are applied to locations not used to develop the equations, the standard error of prediction and adjusted-coefficient of determination error metrics should be similar to those established in the 2009 study for locations with natural streamflow.

\n

The median absolute differences between the observed and computed mean-monthly streamflow for Mountain, Northwest, and Southwest hydrologic regions are fairly uniform throughout the year, with the exception of late summer and early fall (July, August, and September), when each hydrologic region exhibits a substantial increase in median absolute percent difference. The greatest difference occurs in the Northwest hydrologic region, and the smallest difference occurs in the Mountain hydrologic region. The Rio Grande hydrologic region shows seasonal variation in median absolute percent difference with March, April, August, and September having a median absolute difference near or below 40 percent, and the remaining months of the year having a median absolute difference near or above 50 percent. In the Mountain, Northwest, and Southwest hydrologic regions, the mean-monthly streamflow equations perform the best during spring (March, April, and May). However, in the Rio Grande hydrologic region, the mean-monthly streamflow equations perform the best during late summer and early fall (August and September).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155016","collaboration":"Colorado Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Kohn, M.S., Stevens, M.R., Bock, A.R., and Char, S.J., 2015, Evaluation of mean-monthly streamflow-regression equations for Colorado, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5016, vii, 53, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155016.","productDescription":"vii, 53","startPage":"53","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057631","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299533,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155016.jpg"},{"id":299532,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5016/pdf/sir2015-5016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.84 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299521,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5016/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.45654296875,\n 36.12012758978146\n ],\n [\n -110.45654296875,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 36.12012758978146\n ],\n [\n -110.45654296875,\n 36.12012758978146\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5527949ae4b026915857c838","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kohn, Michael S. 0000-0002-5989-7700 mkohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-7700","contributorId":4549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohn","given":"Michael","email":"mkohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, Michael R. 0000-0002-9476-6335 mrsteven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6335","contributorId":769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Michael","email":"mrsteven@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bock, Andrew R. 0000-0001-7222-6613 abock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7222-6613","contributorId":4580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bock","given":"Andrew","email":"abock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Char, Stephen J. sjchar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Char","given":"Stephen","email":"sjchar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70141356,"text":"sir20155028 - 2015 - New argon-argon (40Ar/39Ar) radiometric age dates from selected subsurface basalt flows at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-09T09:06:19","indexId":"sir20155028","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-09T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5028","title":"New argon-argon (40Ar/39Ar) radiometric age dates from selected subsurface basalt flows at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"

In 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, collected samples for 12 new argon-argon radiometric ages from eastern Snake River Plain olivine tholeiite basalt flows in the subsurface at the Idaho National Laboratory. The core samples were collected from flows that had previously published paleomagnetic data. Samples were sent to Rutgers University for argon-argon radiometric dating analyses.

\n

Paleomagnetic and stratigraphic data were used to constrain the results of the age dating experiments to derive the preferred age for each basalt flow. Knowledge of the ages of subsurface basalt flows is needed to improve numerical models of groundwater flow and contaminant transport in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. This could be accomplished by increasing the ability to correlate basalt flow from corehole to corehole in the subsurface. The age of basalt flows also can be used in volcanic recurrence and landscape evolution studies that are important to better understand future hazards that could occur at the Idaho National Laboratory.

\n

Results indicate that ages ranged from 60 ± 16 thousand years ago for Quaking Aspen Butte to 621 ± 9 thousand years ago for State Butte.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Hodges, M., Turrin, B.D., Champion, D.E., and Swisher, C.C., 2015, New argon-argon (40Ar/39Ar) radiometric age dates from selected subsurface basalt flows at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5028, v, 25 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155028.","productDescription":"v, 25 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044883","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299524,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5028/"},{"id":299528,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5028/pdf/sir2015-5028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299529,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5028/download/sir2015-5028_AppendixA.zip","text":"Appendix A","size":"12.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix A"},{"id":299530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155028.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 43.389081939117496\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5527949de4b026915857c83c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodges, Mary K. 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The U.S. Geological Survey has completed an assessment of the potential geologic carbon dioxide storage resource in the onshore areas of the United States. To provide geological context and input data sources for the resources numbers, framework documents are being prepared for all areas that were investigated as part of the national assessment. This report is the geologic framework document for the Permian and Palo Duro Basins, the combined Bend arch-Fort Worth Basin area, and subbasins therein of Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. In addition to a summarization of the geology and petroleum resources of studied basins, the individual storage assessment units (SAUs) within the basins are described and explanations for their selection are presented. Though appendixes in the national assessment publications include the input values used to calculate the available storage resource, this framework document provides only the context and source of inputs selected by the assessment geologists. Spatial files of boundaries for the SAUs herein, as well as maps of the density of known well bores that penetrate the SAU seal, are available for download with the release of this report.

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Digital surfaces and thicknesses of selected hydrogeologic units of the Floridan aquifer system were developed to define an updated hydrogeologic framework as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program. The dataset contains structural surfaces depicting the top and base of the aquifer system, its major and minor hydrogeologic units and zones, geophysical marker horizons, and the altitude of the 10,000-milligram-per-liter total dissolved solids boundary that defines the approximate fresh and saline parts of the aquifer system. The thicknesses of selected major and minor units or zones were determined by interpolating points of known thickness or from raster surface subtraction of the structural surfaces. Additional data contained include clipping polygons; regional polygon features that represent geologic or hydrogeologic aspects of the aquifers and the minor units or zones; data points used in the interpolation; and polygon and line features that represent faults, boundaries, and other features in the aquifer system.

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Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70134309,"text":"pp1807 - 2015 - Revised hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T14:35:30","indexId":"pp1807","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-08T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1807","title":"Revised hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"

The hydrogeologic framework for the Floridan aquifer system has been revised throughout its extent in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina. The updated framework generally conforms to the original framework established by the U.S. Geological Survey in the 1980s, except for adjustments made to the internal boundaries of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and the individual higher and contrasting lower permeability zones within these aquifers. The system behaves as one aquifer over much of its extent; although subdivided vertically into two aquifer units, the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers. In the previous framework, discontinuous numbered middle confining units (MCUI–VII) were used to subdivide the system. In areas where less-permeable rocks do not occur within the middle part of the system, the system was previously considered one aquifer and named the Upper Floridan aquifer. In intervening years, more detailed data have been collected in local areas, resulting in some of the same lithostratigraphic units in the Floridan aquifer system being assigned to the Upper or Lower Floridan aquifer in different parts of the State of Florida. Additionally, some of the numbered middle confining units are found to have hydraulic properties within the same order of magnitude as the aquifers. A new term “composite unit” is introduced for lithostratigraphic units that cannot be defined as either a confining or aquifer unit over their entire extent. This naming convention is a departure from the previous framework, in that stratigraphy is used to consistently subdivide the aquifer system into upper and lower aquifers across the State of Florida. This lithostratigraphic mapping approach does not change the concept of flow within the system. The revised boundaries of the Floridan aquifer system were mapped by considering results from local studies and regional correlations of lithostratigraphic and hydrogeologic units or zones. Additional zones within the aquifers have been incorporated into the framework to allow finer delineation of permeability variations within the aquifer system. These additional zones can be used to progressively divide the system for assessing groundwater and surface-water interaction, saltwater intrusion, and offshore movement of groundwater at greater detail if necessary. The lateral extent of the updip boundary of the Floridan aquifer system is modified from previous work based on newer data and inclusion of parts of the updip clastic facies. The carbonate and clastic facies form a gradational sequence, generally characterized by limestone of successively younger units that extend progressively farther updip. Because of the gradational nature of the carbonate-clastic sequence, some of the updip clastic aquifers have been included in the Floridan aquifer system, the Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system, or both. Thus, the revised updip limit includes some of these clastic facies. Additionally, the updip limit of the most productive part of the Floridan aquifer system was revised and indicates the approximate updip limit of the carbonate facies. The extent and altitude of the freshwater-saltwater interface in the aquifer system has been mapped to define the freshwater part of the flow system.

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Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
North Carolina–South Carolina–Georgia
20 Gracern Road, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/

","publishedDate":"2015-04-08","revisedDate":"2016-03-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5526431fe4b026915857c638","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Lester J. lesterw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Lester","email":"lesterw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":544407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70145796,"text":"70145796 - 2015 - Home in the heat: Dramatic seasonal variation in home range of desert golden eagles informs management for renewable energy development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T18:03:36","indexId":"70145796","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-08T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Home in the heat: Dramatic seasonal variation in home range of desert golden eagles informs management for renewable energy development","docAbstract":"

Renewable energy is expanding quickly with sometimes dramatic impacts to species and ecosystems. To understand the degree to which sensitive species may be impacted by renewable energy projects, it is informative to know how much space individuals use and how that space may overlap with planned development. We used global positioning system–global system for mobile communications (GPS-GSM) telemetry to measure year-round movements of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) from the Mojave Desert of California, USA. We estimated monthly space use with adaptive local convex hulls to identify the temporal and spatial scales at which eagles may encounter renewable energy projects in the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan area. Mean size of home ranges was lowest and least variable from November through January and greatest in February–March and May–August. These monthly home range patterns coincided with seasonal variation in breeding ecology, habitat associations, and temperature. The expanded home ranges in hot summer months included movements to cooler, prey-dense, mountainous areas characterized by forest, grasslands, and scrublands. Breeding-season home ranges (October–May) included more lowland semi-desert and rock vegetation. Overlap of eagle home ranges and focus areas for renewable energy development was greatest when eagle home ranges were smallest, during the breeding season. Golden eagles in the Mojave Desert used more space and a wider range of habitat types than expected and renewable energy projects could affect a larger section of the regional population than was previously thought.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2015.03.020","usgsCitation":"Braham, M., Miller, T., Duerr, A.E., Lanzone, M., Fesnock-Parker, A., LaPre, L., Driscoll, D., and Katzner, T., 2015, Home in the heat: Dramatic seasonal variation in home range of desert golden eagles informs management for renewable energy development: Biological Conservation, v. 186, p. 225-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.03.020.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"232","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060522","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.93273925781249,\n 37.53586597792038\n ],\n [\n -114.62585449218749,\n 35.0120020431607\n ],\n [\n -114.1314697265625,\n 34.29353023058858\n ],\n [\n -114.54345703125,\n 33.95247360616282\n ],\n [\n -114.5269775390625,\n 33.568861182555565\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 33.394759218577995\n ],\n [\n -116.004638671875,\n 33.367237465838315\n ],\n [\n -116.65283203124999,\n 33.920571528675076\n ],\n [\n -118.26232910156249,\n 34.470335121217495\n ],\n [\n -118.970947265625,\n 35.16931803601131\n ],\n [\n -118.45458984375,\n 37.07271048132946\n ],\n [\n -117.93273925781249,\n 37.53586597792038\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"186","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5526431ce4b026915857c632","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braham, Melissa A.","contributorId":140127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braham","given":"Melissa A.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Tricia A.","contributorId":64790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Tricia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duerr, Adam E.","contributorId":102324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duerr","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanzone, Michael J.","contributorId":140128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanzone","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":13392,"text":"Cellular Tracking Technologies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fesnock-Parker, Amy","contributorId":140129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fesnock-Parker","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":544359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LaPre, Larry","contributorId":140130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaPre","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Driscoll, Daniel","contributorId":140137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":5979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70148104,"text":"70148104 - 2015 - Effect of tides, river flow, and gate operations on entrainment of juvenile salmon into the interior Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:04:36","indexId":"70148104","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-08T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of tides, river flow, and gate operations on entrainment of juvenile salmon into the interior Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta","docAbstract":"

Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha emigrating from natal tributaries of the Sacramento River, California, must negotiate the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (hereafter, the Delta), a complex network of natural and man-made channels linking the Sacramento River with San Francisco Bay. Fish that enter the interior and southern Delta—the region to the south of the Sacramento River where water pumping stations are located—survive at a lower rate than fish that use alternative migration routes. Consequently, total survival decreases as the fraction of the population entering the interior Delta increases, thus spurring management actions to reduce the proportion of fish that are entrained into the interior Delta. To better inform management actions, we modeled entrainment probability as a function of hydrodynamic variables. We fitted alternative entrainment models to telemetry data that identified when tagged fish in the Sacramento River entered two river channels leading to the interior Delta (Georgiana Slough and the gated Delta Cross Channel). We found that the probability of entrainment into the interior Delta through both channels depended strongly on the river flow and tidal stage at the time of fish arrival at the river junction. Fish that arrived during ebb tides had a low entrainment probability, whereas fish that arrived during flood tides (i.e., when the river's flow was reversed) had a high probability of entering the interior Delta. We coupled our entrainment model with a flow simulation model to evaluate the effect of nighttime closures of the Delta Cross Channel gates on the daily probability of fish entrainment into the interior Delta. Relative to 24-h gate closures, nighttime closures increased daily entrainment probability by 3 percentage points on average if fish arrived at the river junction uniformly throughout the day and by only 1.3 percentage points if 85% of fish arrived at night. We illustrate how our model can be used to evaluate the effects of alternative water management actions on fish entrainment into the interior Delta.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.1001038","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Brandes, P., Burau, J.R., Sandstrom, P.T., and Skalski, J.R., 2015, Effect of tides, river flow, and gate operations on entrainment of juvenile salmon into the interior Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 3, p. 445-455, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.1001038.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"455","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056864","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300640,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.91734313964844,\n 38.05403884511629\n ],\n [\n -121.89743041992189,\n 38.053227812983906\n ],\n [\n -121.86927795410156,\n 38.07079816372681\n ],\n [\n -121.8651580810547,\n 38.07431172756913\n ],\n [\n -121.84078216552733,\n 38.079446632654914\n ],\n [\n -121.79786682128905,\n 38.06458144502031\n ],\n [\n -121.78207397460936,\n 38.05809387097575\n ],\n [\n -121.7841339111328,\n 38.04700960141592\n ],\n [\n -121.77452087402344,\n 38.037275688165614\n ],\n [\n -121.75907135009764,\n 38.03376034594566\n ],\n [\n -121.75048828124999,\n 38.02997440409721\n ],\n [\n -121.7501449584961,\n 38.01374672284207\n ],\n [\n -121.761474609375,\n 38.01834493072087\n ],\n [\n -121.77932739257812,\n 38.01320573824361\n ],\n [\n -121.8002700805664,\n 38.01618110412486\n ],\n [\n -121.80953979492188,\n 38.01428770344776\n ],\n [\n -121.83700561523438,\n 38.02240193339466\n ],\n [\n -121.8558883666992,\n 38.02727004012099\n ],\n [\n -121.87957763671874,\n 38.032137823399275\n ],\n [\n -121.88541412353514,\n 38.03348992801713\n ],\n [\n -121.89228057861328,\n 38.03889809689809\n ],\n [\n -121.90395355224608,\n 38.03700528321584\n ],\n [\n -121.92352294921874,\n 38.04160203158018\n ],\n [\n -121.91734313964844,\n 38.05403884511629\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555f01c0e4b0a92fa7eb969b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandes, Patricia L.","contributorId":25834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandes","given":"Patricia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandstrom, Philip T. psandstrom@usgs.gov","contributorId":5907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Philip","email":"psandstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":547407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Skalski, John R.","contributorId":94131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skalski","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13190,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}