{"pageNumber":"1202","pageRowStart":"30025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40894,"records":[{"id":70022745,"text":"70022745 - 2000 - Fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging endangered 'Alala from Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T15:04:17","indexId":"70022745","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging endangered 'Alala from Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>The &lsquo;Alala (<i>Corvus hawaiiensis</i>) is the most endangered corvid in the world, and intensive efforts are being made to reintroduce it to its former native range in Hawaii. We diagnosed <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection in five free-ranging &lsquo;Alala. One &lsquo;Alala, recaptured from the wild because it was underweight and depressed, was treated with diclazuril (10 mg/kg) orally for 10 days. Antibodies were measured before and after treatment by the modified agglutination test (MAT) using whole <i>T. gondii</i> tachyzoites fixed in formalin and mercaptoethanol. The MAT titer decreased four-fold from an initial titer of 1:1,600 with remarkable improvement in physical condition. Lesions of toxoplasmosis also were seen in two partially scavenged carcasses and in a third fresh intact carcass. <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> was confirmed immunohistochemically by using anti-<i>T. gondii</i> specific serum. The organism was also cultured by bioassay in mice from tissues of one of these birds and the brain of a fifth &lsquo;Alala that did not exhibit lesions. The life cycle of the parasite was experimentally completed in cats. This is the first record of toxoplasmosis in &lsquo;Alala, and the parasite appears to pose a significant threat and management challenge to reintroduction programs for &lsquo;Alala in Hawaii.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.205","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Massey, J.G., Rideout, B.A., Gardiner, C.H., Ledig, D.B., Kwok, O.C., and Dubey, J., 2000, Fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging endangered 'Alala from Hawaii: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 36, no. 2, p. 205-212, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.205.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.205","text":"Publisher Index 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Gregory","contributorId":101054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rideout, Bruce A.","contributorId":90912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rideout","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardiner, Chris H.","contributorId":74920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardiner","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ledig, David B.","contributorId":27645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ledig","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kwok, O. C. H.","contributorId":83891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kwok","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dubey, J. P.","contributorId":80609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubey","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022678,"text":"70022678 - 2000 - Responses of stable bay-margin and barrier-island systems to Holocene sea-level highstands, western Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T13:38:19","indexId":"70022678","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of stable bay-margin and barrier-island systems to Holocene sea-level highstands, western Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>The microtidal, wave-dominated coast of the western Gulf of Mexico displays a variety of Holocene geomorphic features indicating higher-than-present water levels that were previously attributed to storm processes while geoidal sea level was at its present position. Field and aerial-photograph examinations of bay margins, barrier islands, and beach-ridge plains following major hurricanes show that the elevated features are inundated periodically by high storm surge. Despite their inundation, these highstand features are not modified by modern storm processes. Instead, storm-related erosion and deposition are always seaward of and lower than the highstand features and are always limited to the extant shorezone, where elevations typically are less than 1.5 m above present sea level.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Bay-margin and lagoonal highstand indicators include raised marshes and subtidal flats, wave-cut benches, abandoned wave-cut scarps with fringing marshes and/or beach ridges, and accretionary islands and recurved spits. Other emergent marine features include abandoned compound flood-tidal delta and washover fan complexes attached to barrier islands and anomalously high beach ridges within both the barrier-island complexes and beach-ridge plains. The highest beach ridges, raised marshes and flats, and erosional scarps and benches are manifestations of one or more rising phases and highstands in sea level, whereas the lower marshes and accretionary topography are mainly products of the falling phases and shoreface adjustment to present sea level.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Different elevations of beach-ridge sets, discordant truncation of beach ridges, and elevated marine- and brackish-water faunal assemblages preserved in beach ridges, raised marshes and flats, and natural levees are compelling evidence of sea-level fluctuations of ±1 to 1.5 m from about 5500 to 1200 cal yr BP. Independent evidence from studies of geodynamic, climatic, and glacio-eustatic processes can explain the mid-Holocene highstands and late Holocene lowering of sea level that is observed in tectonically stable coastal regions far from former centers of glaciation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/2DC40921-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D","issn":"10731318","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Paine, J.G., and Blum, M.D., 2000, Responses of stable bay-margin and barrier-island systems to Holocene sea-level highstands, western Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 70, no. 3, p. 478-490, https://doi.org/10.1306/2DC40921-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D.","startPage":"478","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278543,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/2DC40921-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaaabe4b0c8380cd86478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paine, Jeffrey G.","contributorId":107071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paine","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blum, Michael D.","contributorId":60821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022687,"text":"70022687 - 2000 - Identification of a basaltic component on the Martian surface from Thermal Emission Spectrometer data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T17:57:44.219404","indexId":"70022687","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5718,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets","onlineIssn":"2169-9100","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of a basaltic component on the Martian surface from Thermal Emission Spectrometer data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument collected 4.8×10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;spectra of Mars during the initial aerobraking and science‐phasing periods of the mission (September 14, 1997, through April 29, 1998). Two previously developed atmosphere‐removal models were applied to data from Cimmeria Terra (25°S, 213°W). The surface spectra derived for these two models agree well, indicating that the surface and atmosphere emission can be separated and that the exact atmosphere‐removal model used has little effect on the derived surface composition. The Cimmeria spectra do not match terrestrial high‐silica igneous rocks (granite and rhyolite), ultramafic igneous rocks, limestone, or quartz‐ and clay‐rich sandstone and siltstone. A particulate (sand‐sized) sample of terrestrial flood basalt does provide an excellent match in both spectral shape and band depth to the Cimmeria spectrum over the entire TES spectral range. No unusual particle size effects are required to account for the observed spectral shape and depth. The implied grain size is consistent with the thermal inertia and albedo of this region, which indicate a sand‐sized surface with little dust. The identification of basalt is consistent with previous indications of pyroxene and basalt‐like compositions from visible/near‐infrared and thermal‐infrared spectral measurements. A linear spectral deconvolution model was applied to both surface‐only Cimmeria spectra using a library of 60 minerals to determine the composition and abundance of the component minerals. Plagioclase feldspar (45%; 53%) and clinopyroxene (26%; 19%) were positively identified above an estimated detection threshold of 10–15% for these minerals. The TES observations provide the first identification of feldspars on Mars. The best fit to the Mars data includes only clinopyroxene compositions; no orthopyroxene compositions are required to match the Cimmeria spectra. Olivine (12%; 12%) and sheet silicate (15%; 11%) were identified with lower confidence. Carbonates, quartz, and sulfates were not identified in Cimmeria at detection limits of ∼5, 5, and 10%, respectively. Their presence elsewhere, however, remains open. The Cimmeria spectra are not well matched by any one SNC meteorite spectrum, indicating that this region is not characterized by a single SNC lithology. The occurrence of unweathered feldspar and pyroxene in Cimmeria, together with the inferred presence of pyroxene and unweathered basalts in other dark regions and at the Viking and Pathfinder landing sites, provides evidence that extensive global chemical weathering of materials currently exposed on the Martian surface has not occurred.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JE001127","usgsCitation":"Christensen, P.R., Bandfield, J., Smith, M.D., Hamilton, V., and Clark, R.N., 2000, Identification of a basaltic component on the Martian surface from Thermal Emission Spectrometer data: Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, v. 105, no. E4, p. 9609-9621, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001127.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"9609","endPage":"9621","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999je001127","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"105","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a381de4b0c8380cd61445","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bandfield, J. L.","contributorId":59990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bandfield","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, V.E.","contributorId":92024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022668,"text":"70022668 - 2000 - Historical eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Central Java, Indonesia, 1768-1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T15:39:08.710125","indexId":"70022668","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Central Java, Indonesia, 1768-1998","docAbstract":"<p>Information on Merapi eruptive activity is scattered and much is remotely located. A concise and well-documented summary of this activity has been long needed to assist researchers and hazard-mitigation efforts, and the aim of this paper is to synthesize information from the mid-1700s to the present. A descriptive chronology is given, with an abbreviated chronology in a table that summarizes events by year, assigns preliminary Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) ratings and Hartmann classifications, and provides key references. The history of volcano monitoring is also outlined. The study reveals that a major difference in eruption style exists between the twentieth and nineteenth centuries, although the periodicity between larger events seems about the same. During the twentieth century, activity has comprised mainly the effusive growth of viscous lava domes and lava tongues, with occasional gravitational collapses of parts of oversteepened domes to produce the nue??es ardentes - commonly defined as \"Merapi-type\". In the 1800s, however, explosive eruptions of relatively large size occurred (to VEI 4), and some associated \"fountain-collapse\" nue??es ardentes were larger and farther reaching than any produced in the twentieth century. These events may also be regarded as typical eruptions for Merapi. The nineteenth century activity is consistent with the long-term pattern of one relatively large event every one or two centuries, based on the long-term eruptive record deduced by others from volcanic stratigraphy. It is uncertain whether or not a \"recurrence-time\" model continues to apply to Merapi, but if so, Merapi could soon be due for another large event and its occurrence with only modest (or inadequately appreciated) precursors could lead to a disaster unprecedented in Merapi's history because the area around the volcano is now much more densely populated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00134-7","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Voight, B., Constantine, E., Siswowidjoyo, S., and Torley, R., 2000, Historical eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Central Java, Indonesia, 1768-1998: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 100, no. 1-4, p. 69-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00134-7.","productDescription":"70 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"138","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","otherGeospatial":"Java, Merapi Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              110.42324066162108,\n              -7.592919536598735\n            ],\n            [\n              110.43800354003906,\n              -7.599385424645164\n            ],\n            [\n              110.4850387573242,\n              -7.577264878665082\n            ],\n            [\n              110.49293518066405,\n              -7.553781825248017\n            ],\n            [\n              110.49190521240234,\n              -7.539487167568601\n            ],\n            [\n              110.48709869384766,\n              -7.514980942395872\n            ],\n            [\n              110.46203613281249,\n              -7.501365775065815\n            ],\n            [\n              110.41053771972656,\n              -7.498302303676608\n            ],\n            [\n              110.39268493652344,\n              -7.520426889868663\n            ],\n            [\n              110.3916549682617,\n              -7.536083608037703\n            ],\n            [\n              110.42324066162108,\n              -7.592919536598735\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a318ce4b0c8380cd5dffb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voight, B.","contributorId":16575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voight","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantine, E.K.","contributorId":94176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantine","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siswowidjoyo, S.","contributorId":29278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siswowidjoyo","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Torley, R.","contributorId":37106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022714,"text":"70022714 - 2000 - Colorado River sediment transport: 2. Systematic bed‐elevation and grain‐size effects of sand supply limitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:46:41","indexId":"70022714","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colorado River sediment transport: 2. Systematic bed‐elevation and grain‐size effects of sand supply limitation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Colorado River in Marble and Grand Canyons displays evidence of annual supply limitation with respect to sand both prior to [</span><i>Topping et al</i><span>, this issue] and after the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963. Systematic changes in bed elevation and systematic coupled changes in suspended‐sand concentration and grain size result from this supply limitation. During floods, sand supply limitation either causes or modifies a lag between the time of maximum discharge and the time of either maximum or minimum (depending on reach geometry) bed elevation. If, at a cross section where the bed aggrades with increasing flow, the maximum bed elevation is observed to lead the peak or the receding limb of a flood, then this observed response of the bed is due to sand supply limitation. Sand supply limitation also leads to the systematic evolution of sand grain size (both on the bed and in suspension) in the Colorado River. Sand input during a tributary flood travels down the Colorado River as an elongating sediment wave, with the finest sizes (because of their lower settling velocities) traveling the fastest. As the fine front of a sediment wave arrives at a given location, the bed fines and suspended‐sand concentrations increase in response to the enhanced upstream supply of finer sand. Then, as the front of the sediment wave passes that location, the bed is winnowed and suspended‐sand concentrations decrease in response to the depletion of the upstream supply of finer sand. The grain‐size effects of depletion of the upstream sand supply are most obvious during periods of higher dam releases (e.g., the 1996 flood experiment and the 1997 test flow). Because of substantial changes in the grain‐size distribution of the bed, stable relationships between the discharge of water and sand‐transport rates (i.e., stable sand rating curves) are precluded. Sand budgets in a supply‐limited river like the Colorado River can only be constructed through inclusion of the physical processes that couple changes in bed‐sediment grain size to changes in sand‐transport rates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900286","usgsCitation":"Topping, D.J., Rubin, D.M., Nelson, J.M., Kinzel, P.J., and Corson, I.C., 2000, Colorado River sediment transport: 2. Systematic bed‐elevation and grain‐size effects of sand supply limitation: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 2, p. 543-570, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900286.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"570","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479221,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900286","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7c1e4b0c8380cd4ccb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. III 0000-0002-6076-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":100586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corson, Ingrid C.","contributorId":124571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corson","given":"Ingrid","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022533,"text":"70022533 - 2000 - Quantifying time-varying ground-water discharge and recharge in wetlands of the northern Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-27T18:25:20.543025","indexId":"70022533","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying time-varying ground-water discharge and recharge in wetlands of the northern Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"<p>Developing a more thorough understanding of water and chemical budgets in wetlands depends in part on our ability to quantify time-varying interactions between ground water and surface water. We used a combined water and solute mass balance approach to estimate time-varying ground-water discharge and recharge in the Everglades Nutrient Removal project (ENR), a relatively large constructed wetland (1544 hectare) built for removing nutrients from agricultural drainage in the northern Everglades in South Florida, USA. Over a 4-year period (1994 through 1998), ground-water recharge averaged 13.4 hectare-meter per day (ha-m/day) or 0.9 cm/day, which is approximately 31% of surface water pumped into the ENR for treatment. In contrast, ground-water discharge was much smaller (1.4 ha-m/day, or 0.09 cm/day, or 2.8% of water input to ENR for treatment). Using a water-balance approach alone only allowed net ground-water exchange (discharge — recharge) to be estimated (−12±2.4 ha-m/day). Discharge and recharge were individually determined by combining a chloride mass balance with the water balance. For a variety of reasons, the ground-water discharge estimated by the combined mass balance approach was not reliable (1.4±37 ha-m/day). As a result, ground-water interactions could only be reliably estimated by comparing the mass-balance results with other independent approaches, including direct seepage-meter measurements and previous estimates using ground-water modeling. All three independent approaches provided similar estimates of average ground-water recharge, ranging from 13 to 14 ha-m/day. There was also relatively good agreement between ground-water discharge estimates for the mass balance and seepage meter methods, 1.4 and 0.9 ha-m/day, respectively. However, ground-water-flow modeling provided an average discharge estimate that was approximately a factor of four higher (5.4 ha-m/day) than the other two methods. Our study developed an initial understanding of how the design and operation of the ENR increases interactions between ground water and surface water. A considerable portion of recharged ground water (73%) was collected and returned to the ENR by a seepage canal. Additional recharge that was not captured by the seepage canal only occurred when pumped inflow rates to ENR (and ENR water levels) were relatively high. Management of surface water in the northern Everglades therefore clearly has the potential to increase interactions with ground water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020<0500:QTGDAR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Choi, J., and Harvey, J.W., 2000, Quantifying time-varying ground-water discharge and recharge in wetlands of the northern Florida Everglades: Wetlands, v. 20, no. 3, p. 500-511, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020<0500:QTGDAR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"500","endPage":"511","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.82366943359375,\n              26.290952564755845\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.10406494140625,\n              26.290952564755845\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.10406494140625,\n              26.924518806384913\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.82366943359375,\n              26.924518806384913\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.82366943359375,\n              26.290952564755845\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91eee4b0c8380cd80553","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, Jungyill","contributorId":70792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"Jungyill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022786,"text":"70022786 - 2000 - On rate-state and Coulomb failure models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T15:46:45","indexId":"70022786","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On rate-state and Coulomb failure models","docAbstract":"We examine the predictions of Coulomb failure stress and rate-state frictional models. We study the change in failure time (clock advance) Δt due to stress step perturbations (i.e., coseismic static stress increases) added to \"background\" stressing at a constant rate (i.e., tectonic loading) at time t<sub>0</sub>. The predictability of Δt implies a predictable change in seismicity rate r(t)/r<sub>0</sub>, testable using earthquake catalogs, where r<sub>0</sub> is the constant rate resulting from tectonic stressing. Models of r(t)/r<sub>0</sub>, consistent with general properties of aftershock sequences, must predict an Omori law seismicity decay rate, a sequence duration that is less than a few percent of the mainshock cycle time and a return directly to the background rate. A Coulomb model requires that a fault remains locked during loading, that failure occur instantaneously, and that Δt is independent of t<sub>0</sub>. These characteristics imply an instantaneous infinite seismicity rate increase of zero duration. Numerical calculations of r(t)/r<sub>0</sub> for different state evolution laws show that aftershocks occur on faults extremely close to failure at the mainshock origin time, that these faults must be \"Coulomb-like,\" and that the slip evolution law can be precluded. Real aftershock population characteristics also may constrain rate-state constitutive parameters; a may be lower than laboratory values, the stiffness may be high, and/or normal stress may be lower than lithostatic. We also compare Coulomb and rate-state models theoretically. Rate-state model fault behavior becomes more Coulomb-like as constitutive parameter a decreases relative to parameter b. This is because the slip initially decelerates, representing an initial healing of fault contacts. The deceleration is more pronounced for smaller a, more closely simulating a locked fault. Even when the rate-state Δt has Coulomb characteristics, its magnitude may differ by some constant dependent on b. In this case, a rate-state model behaves like a modified Coulomb failure model in which the failure stress threshold is lowered due to weakening, increasing the clock advance. The deviation from a non-Coulomb response also depends on the loading rate, elastic stiffness, initial conditions, and assumptions about how state evolves.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JB900438","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., Beeler, N., and Blanpied, M., 2000, On rate-state and Coulomb failure models: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B4, p. 7857-7871, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900438.","startPage":"7857","endPage":"7871","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278568,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900438"},{"id":233889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6da7e4b0c8380cd75258","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeler, N.","contributorId":69753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanpied, M.","contributorId":58430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanpied","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022666,"text":"70022666 - 2000 - Quantifying precambrian crustal extraction: The root is the answer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T19:37:21.477271","indexId":"70022666","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying precambrian crustal extraction: The root is the answer","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id15\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id16\"><p>We use two different methods to estimate the total amount of continental crust that was extracted by the end of the Archean and the Proterozoic. The first method uses the sum of the seismic thickness of the crust, the eroded thickness of the crust, and the trapped melt within the lithospheric root to estimate the total crustal volume. This summation method yields an average equivalent thickness of Archean crust of 49±6&nbsp;km and an average equivalent thickness of Proterozoic crust of 48± 9&nbsp;km. Between 7 and 9% of this crust never reached the surface, but remained within the continental root as congealed, iron-rich komatiitic melt. The second method uses experimental models of melting, mantle xenolith compositions, and corrected lithospheric thickness to estimate the amount of crust extracted through time. This melt column method reveals that the average equivalent thickness of Archean crust was 65±6&nbsp;km, and the average equivalent thickness of Early Proterozoic crust was 60±7&nbsp;km. It is likely that some of this crust remained trapped within the lithospheric root. The discrepancy between the two estimates is attributed to uncertainties in estimates of the amount of trapped, congealed melt, overall crustal erosion, and crustal recycling. Overall, we find that between 29 and 45% of continental crust was extracted by the end of the Archean, most likely by 2.7&nbsp;Ga. Between 51 and 79% of continental crust was extracted by the end of the Early Proterozoic, most likely by 1.8–2.0&nbsp;Ga. Our results are most consistent with geochemical models that call upon moderate amounts of recycling of early extracted continental crust coupled with continuing crustal growth (e.g. McLennan, S.M., Taylor, S.R., 1982. Geochemical constraints on the growth of the continental crust. Journal of Geology, 90, 347–361; Veizer, J., Jansen, S.L., 1985. Basement and sedimentary recycling — 2: time dimension to global tectonics. Journal of Geology 93(6), 625–643). Trapped, congealed, iron-rich melt within the lithospheric root may represent some of the iron that is ‘missing’ from the lower crust. The lower crust within Archean cratons may also have an unexpectedly low iron content because it was extracted from more primitive, undepleted mantle.</p></div></div></div>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00062-7","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Abbott, D., Sparks, D., Herzberg, C., Mooney, W.D., Nikishin, A., and Zhang, Y., 2000, Quantifying precambrian crustal extraction: The root is the answer: Tectonophysics, v. 322, no. 1-2, p. 163-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00062-7.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"322","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d7e4b0c8380cd804c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbott, D.","contributorId":96031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparks, D.","contributorId":68076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herzberg, C.","contributorId":61990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzberg","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nikishin, A.","contributorId":98507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nikishin","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, Y.-S.","contributorId":94057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022661,"text":"70022661 - 2000 - Late-kinematic timing of orogenic gold deposits and significance for computer-based exploration techniques with emphasis on the Yilgarn Block, Western Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T15:40:22.325043","indexId":"70022661","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late-kinematic timing of orogenic gold deposits and significance for computer-based exploration techniques with emphasis on the Yilgarn Block, Western Australia","docAbstract":"<p>Orogenic gold deposits are a widespread coherent group of epigenetic ore deposits that are sited in accretionary or collisional orogens. They formed over a large crustal-depth range from deep-seated low-salinity H<sub>2</sub>O–CO<sub>2</sub>±CH<sub>4</sub>±N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>ore fluids and with Au transported as thio-complexes. Regional structures provide the main control on deposit distribution. In many terranes, first-order faults or shear zones appear to have controlled regional fluid flow, with greatest ore-fluid fluxes in, and adjacent to, lower-order faults, shear zones and/or large folds. Highly competent and/or chemically reactive rocks are the most common hosts to the larger deposits. Focusing of supralithostatic ore fluids into dilatant zones appears to occur late during the evolutionary history of the host terranes, normally within D<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>or D<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in a D<sub>1</sub>–D<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>deformation sequence. Reactivation of suitably oriented pre-existing structures during a change in far-field stress orientation is a factor common to many deposits, and repeated reactivation may account for multiple mineralization episodes in some larger deposits. Absolute robust ages of mineralization support their late-kinematic timing, and, in general, suggest that deposits formed diachronously towards the end of the 100 to 200 m.y. long evolutionary history of hosting orogens. For example, in the Yilgarn Block, a region specifically emphasised in this study, orogenic gold deposits formed in the time interval between 40 and 90 m.y., with most about 60 to 70 m.y., after the youngest widespread basic-ultrabasic volcanism and towards the end of felsic magmatism. The late timing of orogenic gold deposits is pivotal to geologically-based exploration methodologies. This is because the present structural geometries of: (i) the deposits, (ii) the hosting goldfields, and (iii) the enclosing terranes are all essentially similar to those during gold mineralization, at least in their relative position to each other. Thus, interpretation of geological maps and cross-sections and three-dimensional models can be used to accurately simulate the physical conditions that existed at the time of ore deposition. It is particularly significant that the deposits are commonly related to repetitive and predictable geometries, such as structural heterogeneities within or adjacent to first-order structures, around rigid granitoid bodies, or in specific “locked-up” fold-thrust structures. Importantly, the two giant greenstone-hosted goldfields, Kalgoorlie and Timmins, show a remarkably similar geometry at the regional scale. Computer-based stress mapping and GIS-based prospectivity mapping are two computer-based quantitative methodologies that can utilize and take advantage of the late timing aspect of this deposit type to provide important geological aids in exploration, both in broad regions and more localized goldfields. Both require an accurate and consistent solid geology map, stress mapping requires knowledge of the far-field stresses during mineralization, and the empirical prospectivity mapping requires data from a significant number of known deposits in the terrane. The Kalgoorlie Terrane, in the Yilgarn Block, meets these criteria, and illustrates the potential of these methodologies in the exploration for orogenic gold deposits. Low minimum stress anomalies, interpreted to represent dilational zones during gold-related deformation, coincide well with the positions of known goldfields rather than individual gold deposits in the terrane, and there are additional as-yet unexplained anomalies. The prospectivity analysis confirms that predictable and repetitive factors controlling the siting of deposits are: (i) proximity to, and orientation and curvature of, granitoid-greenstone contacts, (ii) proximity to segments of crustal faults which strike in a preferred direction, (iii) proximity to specific lithological contacts which have similar preferred strike, (iv) proximity to anticlinal structures, and (v) the presence of preferred reactive host rocks (e.g., dolerite). The prospectivity map defines a series of anomalous areas, which broadly conform to those of the stress map (&gt;78% correspondence). The most prospective category on this map covers less than 0.3% of the greenstone belts and yet hosts 16% of the known deposits, which have produced&gt;80% of known gold. Thus, it discriminates in favour of the larger economically more-attractive deposits in the terrane. The successful application of stress mapping and prospectivity mapping to geology-based exploration for orogenic gold deposits indicates that more quantitative analysis of geological map data is a profitable line of research. The computer-based nature of these methodologies is ideal for the production of an ultimate, integrated, deposit target map, which can be compared to other, more conventional, targeting parameters such as geophysical and geochemical anomalies. Such an integrated strategy appears the way forward in the increasingly difficult task of cost-effective global exploration for orogenic gold deposits in poorly exposed terranes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(00)00002-0","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Groves, D., Goldfarb, R., Knox-Robinson, C.M., Ojala, J., Gardoll, S., Yun, G., and Holyland, P., 2000, Late-kinematic timing of orogenic gold deposits and significance for computer-based exploration techniques with emphasis on the Yilgarn Block, Western Australia: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 17, no. 1-2, p. 1-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(00)00002-0.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","state":"Western Australia","otherGeospatial":"Kalgoorlie Terrane, Yilgarn Block","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              115.77392578125,\n              -34.63320791137958\n            ],\n            [\n              116.47705078125,\n              -35.406960932702\n            ],\n            [\n              118.32275390624999,\n              -35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              120.03662109374999,\n              -34.19817309627724\n            ],\n            [\n              124.01367187499999,\n              -34.107256396631186\n            ],\n            [\n              124.3212890625,\n              -33.321348526698806\n            ],\n            [\n              126.03515625,\n              -32.58384932565661\n            ],\n            [\n              128.32031249999997,\n              -32.19420867287537\n            ],\n            [\n              128.21044921874997,\n              -25.045792240303435\n            ],\n            [\n              116.103515625,\n              -25.20494115356912\n            ],\n            [\n              115.77392578125,\n              -34.63320791137958\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4569e4b0c8380cd672cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knox-Robinson, C. M.","contributorId":8348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knox-Robinson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ojala, J.","contributorId":102755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojala","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardoll, S.","contributorId":94820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardoll","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yun, G.Y.","contributorId":38434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yun","given":"G.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holyland, P.","contributorId":77428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holyland","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022660,"text":"70022660 - 2000 - Sediment loads and accumulation in a small riparian wetland system in northern Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T14:13:57.336079","indexId":"70022660","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment loads and accumulation in a small riparian wetland system in northern Missouri","docAbstract":"<p>Sediment transport and deposition along a stream in an agricultural basin (65 km<sup>2</sup>) in northern Missouri, USA were quantified as part of a long-term study to evaluate effects of silvicultural practices on the hydrology, sediment, vegetation, and wildlife characteristics of remaining forested riparian systems. Median cumulative sediment deposition, measured using feldspar clay pads, increased from August 1995 to August 1998 at a rate of about 1 cm/yr. Median deposition amounts from single floods ranged from 0.03 cm to 0.64 cm. Floodplain and riparian maintenance flows corresponded to monitored floods with calculated recurrence intervals as low as &lt;2 years. Simple linear regression models, using flood event suspendedsediment load or streamflow characteristics, explained up to 82 percent of variability in median event sediment deposition on the floodplain clay pads. There was little apparent correlation between cumulative shortterm deposition and site elevation, distance from channel, longitudinal distance, or fluvial landform type. This may be due to upstream channelization, floodplain complexity, short duration of events, or sedimentload characteristics of low-recurrence interval floods (&lt;2 to 5 years) sampled in this study. Dendrogeomorphic measurements indicated a substantial increase in the mean rate of deposition on the Long Branch Creek floodplain from about 1950 through 1980. Eighty-nine percent of the clay pad monitoring sites and all dendrogeomorphic monitoring sites experienced net positive deposition emphasizing the role of this riparian area as a net sediment storage site.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0219:SLAAIA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., and Roell, M.J., 2000, Sediment loads and accumulation in a small riparian wetland system in northern Missouri: Wetlands, v. 20, no. 2, p. 219-231, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0219:SLAAIA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"231","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Macon County","otherGeospatial":"Atlanta Conservation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.50428199768066,\n              39.85500387809296\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.48042106628418,\n              39.85500387809296\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.48042106628418,\n              39.88787487783849\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.50428199768066,\n              39.88787487783849\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.50428199768066,\n              39.85500387809296\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b898fe4b08c986b316e22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roell, Michael J.","contributorId":82897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roell","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022657,"text":"70022657 - 2000 - Relation of pathways and transit times of recharge water to nitrate concentrations using stable isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:53:43","indexId":"70022657","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation of pathways and transit times of recharge water to nitrate concentrations using stable isotopes","docAbstract":"<p>Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope values of precipitation, irrigation water, soil water, and ground water were used with soil-moisture contents and water levels to estimate transit times and pathways of recharge water in the unsaturated zone of a sand and gravel aquifer. Nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate) concentrations in ground water were also measured to assess their relation to seasonal recharge. Stable isotope values indicated that recharge water usually had a transit time through the unsaturated zone of several weeks to months. However, wetting fronts usually moved through the unsaturated zone in hours to weeks. The much slower transit of isotopic signals than that of wetting fronts indicates that recharge was predominantly composed of older soil water that was displaced downward by more recent infiltrating water. Comparison of observed and simulated isotopic values from pure-piston flow and mixing-cell water and isotope mass balance models indicates that soil water isotopic values were usually highly mixed. Thus, movement of recharge water did not occur following a pure piston-flow displacement model but rather follows a hydrid model involving displacement of mixed older soil water with new infiltration water. An exception to this model occurred in a topographic depression, where movement of water along preferential flowpaths to the water table occurred within hours to days following spring thaw as result of depression-focused infiltration of snow melt. In an adjacent upland area, recharge of snow melt occurred one to two months later. Increases in nitrate concentrations at the water table during April-May 1993 and 1994 in a topographic lowland within a corn field were related to recharge of water that had infiltrated the previous summer and was displaced from the unsaturated zone by spring infiltration. Increases in nitrate concentrations also occurred during July-August 1994 in response to recharge of water that infiltrated during May-August 1994. These results indicate that the largest ground water nitrate concentrations were associated with recharge of water that infiltrated into the soil during May-August, when most nitrogen fertilizer was applied.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00224.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Landon, M., Delin, G., Komor, S., and Regan, C., 2000, Relation of pathways and transit times of recharge water to nitrate concentrations using stable isotopes: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 3, p. 381-395, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00224.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"395","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a69ee4b0e8fec6cdc22f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Komor, S.C.","contributorId":21182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komor","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regan, C.P.","contributorId":37364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regan","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022653,"text":"70022653 - 2000 - Winter survival of adult female harlequin ducks in relation to history of contamination by the Exxon Valdez oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T17:49:12.157222","indexId":"70022653","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Winter survival of adult female harlequin ducks in relation to history of contamination by the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","title":"Winter survival of adult female harlequin ducks in relation to history of contamination by the Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"<p>Harlequin duck (<i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i>) life-history characteristics make their populations particularly vulnerable to perturbations during nonbreeding periods. The 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill was a major perturbation to nonbreeding habitats of harlequin ducks in Prince William Sound, Alaska, which resulted in population injury. To assess the status of population recovery from the oil spill and to evaluate factors potentially constraining full recovery, we used radiotelemetry to examine survival of adult female harlequin ducks during winters of 1995-96, 1996-97, and 1997-98. We implanted 294 harlequin ducks (154 and 140 in oiled and unoiled areas, respectively) with transmitters and tracked their signals from aircraft during October through March. We examined variation in survival rates relative to area and season (early, mid, and late winter) through comparisons of models using Akaike's information criterion (AIC(c)) values. The 3 models best supported by the data indicated that survival of birds in oiled areas was lower than in unoiled areas. Inclusion of standardized body mass during wing molt in the 3 best models did not improve their fit, indicating that body mass during wing molt did not affect subsequent winter survival. In the model that best fit our data, survival was high in early winter for both areas, lower during mid and late winter seasons, and lowest in oiled areas during mid winter. Cumulative winter survival estimated from this model was 78.0% (SE = 3.3%) in oiled areas and 83.7% (SE = 2.9%) in unoiled areas. We determined that area differences in survival were more likely related to oiling history than intrinsic geographic differences. Based on a demographic model, area differences in survival offer a likely mechanism for observed declines in populations on oiled areas. Concurrent studies indicated that harlequin ducks continued to be exposed to residual <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil as much as 9 years after the spill. We suggest that oil exposure, mortality, and population dynamics were linked and conclude that continued effects of the oil spill likely restricted recovery of harlequin duck populations through at least 1998.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802754","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., Schmutz, J.A., Jarvis, R.L., and Mulcahy, D., 2000, Winter survival of adult female harlequin ducks in relation to history of contamination by the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 3, p. 839-847, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802754.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"839","endPage":"847","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.63677978515622,\n              60.105932794980426\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.71142578125,\n              60.105932794980426\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.71142578125,\n              60.764525674175374\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.63677978515622,\n              60.764525674175374\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.63677978515622,\n              60.105932794980426\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd15ee4b08c986b32f3b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarvis, R. L.","contributorId":31697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarvis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulcahy, D.M.","contributorId":43302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022345,"text":"70022345 - 2000 - Reproductive ecology of the Maui Parrotbill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T16:44:13.36227","indexId":"70022345","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive ecology of the Maui Parrotbill","docAbstract":"<p id=\"ID0EF\" class=\"first\">The endangered Maui Parrotbill (<i>Pseudonestor xanthophrys</i>) is an excavating, insectivorous Hawaiian honeycreeper endemic to the high elevation rain forests of east Maui, Hawaii. From March 1994 to June 1997, we studied various aspects of their breeding ecology. We color-banded 18 individuals, located and monitored 9 active nests, and took behavioral data during 440 hrs of nest observation. Both members of a pair maintained a year-round, all-purpose territory that included nest sites and food resources. Maui Parrotbill were monogamous within and between years; we found no evidence of polyandry, polygyny, or helpers at the nest. Nests were cup-shaped, composed mainly of lichen interlaced with small twigs, and positioned in the outer canopy forks of mature ohia (<i>Metrosideros polymorpha</i>) trees. Modal clutch size was one. Females performed most nest construction and all incubation and brooding; males provisioned females and assisted in feeding nestlings after their fourth day. Fledglings depended on parental care for 5–8 months, during which their bill strength increased and foraging skills improved. We calculated the overall nest success rate by the Mayfield Method as 0.42 for the 1995/1996 and 1996/1997 breeding seasons combined. Nest failure and fledgling disappearance coincided with events of high rainfall. Their breeding ecology most closely resembled the Akiapolaau (<i>Hemignathus munroi</i>), another excavating, insectivorous Hawaiian honeycreeper found on Hawaii Island. As with the Akiapolaau, the threat of extinction is persistent and results from both the constraints of inherent life history traits and artificial ecological changes. We advocate the protection and expansion of habitable forest areas and an ongoing program to monitor and mitigate the effects of invasive species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/0043-5643(2000)112[0482:REOTMP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Simon, J.C., Pratt, T.K., Berlin, K.E., and Kowalsky, J.R., 2000, Reproductive ecology of the Maui Parrotbill: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 112, no. 4, p. 482-490, https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2000)112[0482:REOTMP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"482","endPage":"490","costCenters":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479324,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/242775","text":"External 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     -156.10130310058594,\n              20.825442642791966\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa8cce4b0c8380cd85aa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, John C.","contributorId":71673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Thane K. tkpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thane","email":"tkpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berlin, Kim E.","contributorId":70522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kowalsky, James R.","contributorId":54707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalsky","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022650,"text":"70022650 - 2000 - Hydrothermal diamond anvil cell for XAFS studies of first-row transition elements in aqueous solutions up to supercritical conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70022650","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrothermal diamond anvil cell for XAFS studies of first-row transition elements in aqueous solutions up to supercritical conditions","docAbstract":"A hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) has been modified by drilling holes with a laser to within 150 ??m of the anvil face to minimize the loss of X-rays due to absorption and scatter by diamond. This modification enables acquisition of K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra from first-row transition metal ions in aqueous solutions at temperatures ranging from 25??C to 660??C and pressures up to 800 MPa. These pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions are more than sufficient for carrying out experimental measurements that can provide data valuable in the interpretation of fluid inclusions in minerals found in ore-forming hydrothermal systems as well as other important lithospheric processes involving water. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00196-5","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Bassett, W.A., Anderson, A.J., Mayanovic, R.A., and Chou, I., 2000, Hydrothermal diamond anvil cell for XAFS studies of first-row transition elements in aqueous solutions up to supercritical conditions, <i>in</i> Chemical Geology, v. 167, no. 1-2, p. 3-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00196-5.","startPage":"3","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208283,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00196-5"},{"id":233924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a379ce4b0c8380cd60ffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bassett, William A.","contributorId":47533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Alan J.","contributorId":28770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayanovic, Robert A.","contributorId":88528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayanovic","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022636,"text":"70022636 - 2000 - Effects of feeding ration on larval swimming speed and responsiveness to predator attacks: Implications for cohort survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70022636","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of feeding ration on larval swimming speed and responsiveness to predator attacks: Implications for cohort survival","docAbstract":"We conducted laboratory experiments to examine the effects of feeding ration on the routine swimming speed of larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and their responsiveness to simulated-predator attacks. Striped bass were reared in low (7 prey ?? L-1), medium (354 prey ?? L-1), or high (740 prey ?? L-1) prey treatments from age 4 to 14 days posthatch. Larvae reared in the low-prey treatment had slower routine swimming speeds and shorter reactive distances and were less responsive to simulated-predator attacks. These differences were most pronounced after age 10 and appeared to be an effect of deteriorating larval condition rather than an effect of size. Simulation models were constructed for two potential fish predators, Alosa aestivalis and Pomoxis nigromaculatus, to examine how variation in growth rate, swimming speed, and responsiveness to predator attacks might influence mortality rate. Our simulations predicted that cohort mortality rate would decrease with increasing larval growth rates, even though faster routine swimming speed and growth rate increased encounter rates with predators. The influence of larval growth rate and responsiveness on mortality rate varied between the two predators, but cohorts experiencing no growth always had the greatest mortality rate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Chick, J., and Van Den Avyle, M., 2000, Effects of feeding ration on larval swimming speed and responsiveness to predator attacks: Implications for cohort survival: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 1, p. 106-115.","startPage":"106","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06ebe4b0c8380cd514a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chick, J.H.","contributorId":93004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chick","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Den Avyle, M.J.","contributorId":32117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Avyle","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022623,"text":"70022623 - 2000 - A field technique for estimating aquifer parameters using flow log data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T07:27:11","indexId":"70022623","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A field technique for estimating aquifer parameters using flow log data","docAbstract":"A numerical model is used to predict flow along intervals between producing zones in open boreholes for comparison with measurements of borehole flow. The model gives flow under quasi-steady conditions as a function of the transmissivity and hydraulic head in an arbitrary number of zones communicating with each other along open boreholes. The theory shows that the amount of inflow to or outflow from the borehole under any one flow condition may not indicate relative zone transmissivity. A unique inversion for both hydraulic-head and transmissivity values is possible if flow is measured under two different conditions such as ambient and quasi-steady pumping, and if the difference in open-borehole water level between the two flow conditions is measured. The technique is shown to give useful estimates of water levels and transmissivities of two or more water-producing zones intersecting a single interval of open borehole under typical field conditions. Although the modeling technique involves some approximation, the principle limit on the accuracy of the method under field conditions is the measurement error in the flow log data. Flow measurements and pumping conditions are usually adjusted so that transmissivity estimates are most accurate for the most transmissive zones, and relative measurement error is proportionately larger for less transmissive zones. The most effective general application of the borehole-flow model results when the data are fit to models that systematically include more production zones of progressively smaller transmissivity values until model results show that all accuracy in the data set is exhausted.A numerical model is used to predict flow along intervals between producing zones in open boreholes for comparison with measurements of borehole flow. The model gives flow under quasi-steady conditions as a function of the transmissivity and hydraulic head in an arbitrary number of zones communicating with each other along open boreholes. The theory shows that the amount of inflow to or outflow from the borehole under any one flow condition may not indicate relative zone transmissivity. A unique inversion for both hydraulic-head and transmissivity values is possible if flow is measured under two different conditions such as ambient and quasi-steady pumping, and if the difference in open-borehole water level between the two flow conditions is measured. The technique is shown to give useful estimates of water levels and transmissivities of two or more water-producing zones intersecting a single interval of open borehole under typical field conditions. Although the modeling technique involves some approximation, the principle limit on the accuracy of the method under field conditions is the measurement error in the flow log data. Flow measurements and pumping conditions are usually adjusted so that transmissivity estimates are most accurate for the most transmissive zones, and relative measurement error is proportionately larger for less transmissive zones. The most effective general application of the borehole-flow model results when the data are fit to models that symmetrically include more production zones of progressively smaller transmissivity values until model results show that all accuracy in the data set is exhausted.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00243.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 2000, A field technique for estimating aquifer parameters using flow log data: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 4, p. 510-521, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00243.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"510","endPage":"521","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3d6e4b0c8380cd4624d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022428,"text":"70022428 - 2000 - Aseismic inflation of Westdahl volcano, Alaska, revealed by satellite radar interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:15:12","indexId":"70022428","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aseismic inflation of Westdahl volcano, Alaska, revealed by satellite radar interferometry","docAbstract":"Westdahl volcano, located at the west end of Unimak Island in the central Aleutian volcanic arc, Alaska, is a broad shield that produced moderate-sized eruptions in 1964, 1978-79, and 1991-92. Satellite radar interferometry detected about 17 cm of volcano-wide inflation from September 1993 to October 1998. Multiple independent interferograms reveal that the deformation rate has not been steady; more inflation occurred from 1993 to 1995 than from 1995 to 1998. Numerical modeling indicates that a source located about 9 km beneath the center of the volcano inflated by about 0.05 km3 from 1993 to 1998. On the basis of the timing and volume of recent eruptions at Westdahl and the fact that it has been inflating for more than 5 years, the next eruption can be expected within the next several years.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/1999GL011283","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Wicks, C., Dzurisin, D., Thatcher, W., Freymueller, J., McNutt, S., and Mann, D., 2000, Aseismic inflation of Westdahl volcano, Alaska, revealed by satellite radar interferometry: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 11, p. 1567-1570, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011283.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1567","endPage":"1570","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479346,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl011283","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206614,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011283"}],"volume":"27","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edb7e4b0c8380cd49977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freymueller, J.T.","contributorId":51482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McNutt, S.R.","contributorId":26722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mann, Dorte","contributorId":66876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Dorte","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022622,"text":"70022622 - 2000 - The fate of haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes in an aquifer storage and recovery program, Las Vegas, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T09:54:27","indexId":"70022622","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The fate of haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes in an aquifer storage and recovery program, Las Vegas, Nevada","docAbstract":"The fate of disinfection byproducts during aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is evaluated for aquifers in Southern Nevada. Rapid declines of haloacetic acid (HAA) concentrations during ASR, with associated little change in Cl concentration, indicate that HAAs decline primarily by in situ microbial oxidation. Dilution is only a minor contributor to HAA concentration declines during ASR. Trihalomethane (THM) concentrations generally increased during storage of artificial recharge (AR) water and then declined during recovery. The decline of THM concentrations during recovery was primarily from dilution of current season AR water with residual AR water remaining in the aquifer from previous ASR seasons and native ground water. In more recent ASR seasons, for wells with the longest history of ASR, brominated THMs declined during storage and recovery by processes in addition to dilution. These conclusions about THMs are indicated by THM/Cl values and supported by a comparison of measured and model predicted THM concentrations. Geochemical mixing models were constructed using major-ion chemistry of the three end-member waters to calculate predicted THM concentrations. The decline in brominated THM concentrations in addition to that from dilution may result from biotransformation processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00252.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.M., McKay, W., Colec, E., Landmeyer, J., and Bradley, P., 2000, The fate of haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes in an aquifer storage and recovery program, Las Vegas, Nevada: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 4, p. 605-614, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00252.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"605","endPage":"614","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Las Vegas","volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babf9e4b08c986b3231b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, J. M.","contributorId":62217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, W.A.","contributorId":63561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colec, E.","contributorId":101410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colec","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022715,"text":"70022715 - 2000 - Guidelines for model calibration and application to flow simulation in the Death Valley regional groundwater system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70022715","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Guidelines for model calibration and application to flow simulation in the Death Valley regional groundwater system","docAbstract":"Fourteen guidelines are described which are intended to produce calibrated groundwater models likely to represent the associated real systems more accurately than typically used methods. The 14 guidelines are discussed in the context of the calibration of a regional groundwater flow model of the Death Valley region in the southwestern United States. This groundwater flow system contains two sites of national significance from which the subsurface transport of contaminants could be or is of concern: Yucca Mountain, which is the potential site of the United States high-level nuclear-waste disposal; and the Nevada Test Site, which contains a number of underground nuclear-testing locations. This application of the guidelines demonstrates how they may be used for model calibration and evaluation, and also to direct further model development and data collection.Fourteen guidelines are described which are intended to produce calibrated groundwater models likely to represent the associated real systems more accurately than typically used methods. The 14 guidelines are discussed in the context of the calibration of a regional groundwater flow model of the Death Valley region in the southwestern United States. This groundwater flow system contains two sites of national significance from which the subsurface transport of contaminants could be or is of concern: Yucca Mountain, which is the potential site of the United States high-level nuclear-waste disposal; and the Nevada Test Site, which contains a number of underground nuclear-testing locations. This application of the guidelines demonstrates how they may be used for model calibration and evaluation, and also to direct further model development and data collection.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"ModelCARE'99 Conference","conferenceDate":"20 September 1999 through 23 September 1999","conferenceLocation":"Zurich, Switz","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX, United States","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., D’Agnese, F.A., and Faunt, C., 2000, Guidelines for model calibration and application to flow simulation in the Death Valley regional groundwater system, <i>in</i> IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 265, Zurich, Switz, 20 September 1999 through 23 September 1999, p. 195-204.","startPage":"195","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"265","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e45e4b0c8380cd5c3f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Agnese, F. A.","contributorId":6096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faunt, C.C. 0000-0001-5659-7529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":103314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022644,"text":"70022644 - 2000 - Comparison of conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of young mafic volcanic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70022644","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of young mafic volcanic rocks","docAbstract":"K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages have been measured on nine mafic volcanic rocks younger than 1 myr from the Snake River Plain (Idaho), Mount Adams (Washington), and Crater Lake (Oregon). The K-Ar ages were calculated from Ar measurements made by isotope dilution and K2O measurements by flame photometry. The 40Ar/39Ar ages are incremental-heating experiments using a low-blank resistance-heated furnace. The results indicate that high-quality ages can be measured on young, mafic volcanic rocks using either the K-Ar or the 40Ar/39Ar technique. The precision of an 40Ar/39Ar plateau age generally is better than the precision of a K-Ar age because the plateau age is calculated by pooling the ages of several gas increments. The precision of a plateau age generally is better than the precision of an isotope correlation (isochron) age for the same sample. For one sample the intercept of the isochron yielded an 40Ar/36Ar value significantly different from the atmospheric value of 295.5. Recalculation of increment ages using the isochron intercept for the composition of nonradiogenic Ar in the sample resulted in much better agreement of ages for this sample. The results of this study also indicate that, given suitable material and modern equipment, precise K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages can be measured on volcanic rocks as young as the latest Pleistocene, and perhaps even the Holocene.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1999.2122","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Lanphere, M.A., 2000, Comparison of conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of young mafic volcanic rocks: Quaternary Research, v. 53, no. 3, p. 294-301, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2122.","startPage":"294","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208240,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2122"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f856e4b0c8380cd4d030","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014998,"text":"1014998 - 2000 - Modeling the distributions of species and communities in Great Smoky Mountains National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T15:16:09.273268","indexId":"1014998","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1313,"text":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the distributions of species and communities in Great Smoky Mountains National Park","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00104-6","usgsCitation":"Wilds, S., Boetsch, J., Van Manen, F., Clark, J.D., and White, P., 2000, Modeling the distributions of species and communities in Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, v. 27, no. 1-3, p. 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D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, P.S.","contributorId":53336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1003811,"text":"1003811 - 2000 - Biological and molecular characterizations of Toxoplasma gondii strains obtained from Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T19:33:01.508329","indexId":"1003811","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Biological and molecular characterizations of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> strains obtained from Southern sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris nereis</i>)","title":"Biological and molecular characterizations of Toxoplasma gondii strains obtained from Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)","docAbstract":"<p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i><span>&nbsp;was isolated from brain or heart tissue from 15 southern sea otters (</span><i>Enhydra lutris nereis</i><span>) in cell cultures. These strains were used to infect mice that developed antibodies to&nbsp;</span><i>T. gondii</i><span>&nbsp;as detected in the modified direct agglutination test and had&nbsp;</span><i>T. gondii</i><span>&nbsp;tissue cysts in their brains at necropsy. Mouse brains containing tissue cysts from 4 of the strains were fed to 4 cats. Two of the cats excreted&nbsp;</span><i>T. gondii</i><span>&nbsp;oocysts in their feces that were infectious for mice. Molecular analyses of 13 strains indicated that they were all type II strains, but that they were genetically distinct from one another.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0526:BAMCOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cole, R.A., Lindsay, D.S., Howe, D., Roderick, C., Dubey, J., Thomas, N., and Baeten, L., 2000, Biological and molecular characterizations of Toxoplasma gondii strains obtained from Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis): Journal of Parasitology, v. 86, no. 3, p. 526-530, https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0526:BAMCOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"530","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health 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P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thomas, N. J. 0000-0002-0161-0391","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-0391","contributorId":49731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baeten, L. A.","contributorId":40929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baeten","given":"L. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70023172,"text":"70023172 - 2000 - Modeling surface trapped river plumes: A sensitivity study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T13:57:28","indexId":"70023172","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3160,"text":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling surface trapped river plumes: A sensitivity study","docAbstract":"To better understand the requirements for realistic regional simulation of river plumes in the Gulf of Maine, we test the sensitivity of the Blumberg-Mellor hydrodynamic model to choice of advection scheme, grid resolution, and wind, using idealized geometry and forcing. The test case discharges 1500 m3/s of fresh water into a uniform 32 psu ocean along a straight shelf at 43?? north. The water depth is 15 m at the coast and increases linearly to 190 m at a distance 100 km offshore. Constant discharge runs are conducted in the presence of ambient alongshore current and with and without periodic alongshore wind forcing. Advection methods tested are CENTRAL, UPWIND, the standard Smolarkiewicz MPDATA and a recursive MPDATA scheme. For the no-wind runs, the UPWIND advection scheme performs poorly for grid resolutions typically used in regional simulations (grid spacing of 1-2 km, comparable to or slightly less than the internal Rossby radius, and vertical resolution of 10% of the water column), damping out much of the plume structure. The CENTRAL difference scheme also has problems when wind forcing is neglected, and generates too much structure, shedding eddies of numerical origin. When a weak 5 cm/s ambient current is present in the no-wind case, both the CENTRAL and standard MPDATA schemes produce a false fresh- and dense-water source just upstream of the river inflow due to a standing two-grid length oscillation in the salinity field. The recursive MPDATA scheme completely eliminates the false dense water source, and produces results closest to the grid-converged solution. The results are shown to be very sensitive to vertical grid resolution, and the presence of wind forcing dramatically changes the nature of the plume simulations. The implication of these idealized tests for realistic simulations is discussed, as well as ramifications on previous studies of idealized plume models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Estuarine Coastal Modeling","conferenceDate":"3 November 1999 through 5 November 1999","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Hyatt, J., and Signell, R.P., 2000, Modeling surface trapped river plumes: A sensitivity study: Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, p. 452-465.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"452","endPage":"465","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c33e4b0c8380cd6fad8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyatt, Jason","contributorId":82501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyatt","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023165,"text":"70023165 - 2000 - Multispectral image sharpening using wavelet transform techniques and spatial correlation of edges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70023165","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multispectral image sharpening using wavelet transform techniques and spatial correlation of edges","docAbstract":"Several reported image fusion or sharpening techniques are based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The technique described here uses a pixel-based maximum selection rule to combine respective transform coefficients of lower spatial resolution near-infrared (NIR) and higher spatial resolution panchromatic (pan) imagery to produce a sharpened NIR image. Sharpening assumes a radiometric correlation between the spectral band images. However, there can be poor correlation, including edge contrast reversals (e.g., at soil-vegetation boundaries), between the fused images and, consequently, degraded performance. To improve sharpening, a local area-based correlation technique originally reported for edge comparison with image pyramid fusion is modified for application with the DWT process. Further improvements are obtained by using redundant, shift-invariant implementation of the DWT. Example images demonstrate the improvements in NIR image sharpening with higher resolution pan imagery.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VI","conferenceDate":"24 April 2000 through 26 April 2000","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers","publisherLocation":"Bellingham, WA, United States","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Lemeshewsky, G.P., and Schowengerdt, R.A., 2000, Multispectral image sharpening using wavelet transform techniques and spatial correlation of edges, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4049, Orlando, FL, USA, 24 April 2000 through 26 April 2000, p. 522-531.","startPage":"522","endPage":"531","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4049","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60a3e4b0c8380cd715ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemeshewsky, George P.","contributorId":27880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemeshewsky","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schowengerdt, Robert A.","contributorId":41191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schowengerdt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023166,"text":"70023166 - 2000 - Effects of fall-to-winter changes in habitat and frazil ice on the movements and habitat use of juvenile rainbow trout in a Wyoming tailwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T15:55:08.258555","indexId":"70023166","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fall-to-winter changes in habitat and frazil ice on the movements and habitat use of juvenile rainbow trout in a Wyoming tailwater","docAbstract":"<p>Overwinter declines in the abundance of small rainbow trout<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;</span>have been observed in a section of the Big Horn River that lies downstream from Boysen Reservoir, where reservoir releases prevent surface ice formation. To provide insight into the possible causes of these declines in abundance, radiotelemetry was used to determine movement and microhabitat use of juvenile (20–25 cm total length) rainbow trout during the fall and winter of 1995–1996. Throughout the fall and winter, both stocked (hatchery) and naturally spawned (wild) fish were generally found in main-channel pools with cover that reduced current velocities to less than 2 cm/s near the bottom and with nearby (&lt;2 m) water velocities that were greater than 15 cm/s. These locations provided refuges from the current, with adjacent flowing water that could deliver drifting aquatic invertebrates. The fish were generally associated with cover that was formed by aquatic vegetation early in the fall, but they shifted to cobble and boulder cover (in deeper water) as the aquatic vegetation decomposed and as winter progressed. Episodes of frazil ice in January and early February were associated with movements of wild fish in the upstream portion of the study area—from normal activity areas to refuges at the bottom of deep pools or under shelf ice in shallow water near shore. Frazil-ice episodes often initiated long-term movements among fish. Our results suggest that changing habitat features from fall to winter and frazil-ice episodes can cause juvenile rainbow trout to move and to modify their habitat use, depending on their location in a tailwater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0101:EOFTWC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Simpkins, D.G., Hubert, W.A., and Wesche, T.A., 2000, Effects of fall-to-winter changes in habitat and frazil ice on the movements and habitat use of juvenile rainbow trout in a Wyoming tailwater: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 1, p. 101-118, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0101:EOFTWC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"118","costCenters":[{"id":683,"text":"Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Thermopolis, Wedding of the Waters","otherGeospatial":"Big Horn River, Hot Springs State Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.21670532226561,\n              43.64203827340191\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.1768798828125,\n              43.636075155965784\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.094482421875,\n              43.731414013769\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.12744140625,\n              43.82660134505382\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.04504394531249,\n              43.88205730390537\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.874755859375,\n              44.02442151965934\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.85827636718749,\n              44.22158376545796\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.962646484375,\n              44.33170718680922\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.0230712890625,\n              44.54742015866826\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.0841827392578,\n              44.53763230134611\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.06152343749999,\n              44.44358514592119\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.03749084472655,\n              44.324339298000694\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.99697875976562,\n              44.26388770060487\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.94204711914062,\n              44.201897151875094\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.962646484375,\n              44.071800467511565\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.04504394531249,\n              43.98886243884903\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.2373046875,\n              43.84245116699039\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.17138671875,\n              43.75770482501795\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.16658020019531,\n              43.710075249008575\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.2208251953125,\n              43.67085166460574\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.21670532226561,\n              43.64203827340191\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06e9e4b0c8380cd51496","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpkins, Darin G.","contributorId":10892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpkins","given":"Darin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wesche, Thomas A.","contributorId":14595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesche","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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