Using previously published data from flume studies, we test a new approach for quantifying the effects of sediment supply (i.e., bed material supply) on surface grain size of equilibrium gravel channels. Textural response to sediment supply is evaluated relative to a theoretical prediction of competent median grain size (D50′). We find that surface median grain size (D50) varies inversely with sediment supply rate and systematically approaches the competent value (D50′) at low equilibrium transport rates. Furthermore, equilibrium transport rate is a power function of the difference between applied and critical shear stresses and is therefore a power function of the difference between competent and observed median grain sizes (D50′ and D50). Consequently, we propose that the difference between predicted and observed median grain sizes can be used to determine sediment supply rate in equilibrium channels. Our analysis framework collapses data from different studies toward a single relationship between sediment supply rate and surface grain size. While the approach appears promising, we caution that it has been tested only on a limited set of laboratory data and a narrow range of channel conditions.
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Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography on the home page of this resource.
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If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography on the home page of this resource.
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A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography on the home page of this resource.
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A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography on the home page of this resource.
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This model ties together data on nutria population dynamics and feeding behavior from the literature with data from field studies on the phenology of Scirpus americanus and Spartina patens conducted in the Barataria Basin, Louisiana, USA in 1992. The complete model consists of three linked models: a model of nutria population dynamics (nutria model), a model of the annual marsh biomass cycle of Scirpus americanus and Spartina patens (biomass model), and a plant-biomass density-dependent marsh area model (area model). When all three models are linked together, they form the 'nutria-biomass-area model.' Analysis of the models indicated the following. (1) The high population densities and low survivorship rates as reported in the literature are incompatible. (2) the nutria model is sensitive to adult and juvenile survivorship and, to a lesser extent, young born per female. It is not particularly sensitive to gestation periods, impregnation rates, or time to maturity. (3) The marsh area model is not sensitive to the marsh loss equation nor to the density at which loss of marsh area begins but is sensitive to the amount of biomass destroyed per nutria. (4) Nutria numbers do not significantly decrease in the nutria-biomass-area model until the total marsh area approaches zero because marsh loss occurs only during winter when marsh biomass is at its annual low.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161750","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Carter, J., Foote, A., and Johnson-Randall, L., 1999, Modeling the effects of nutria (Myocastor coypus) on wetland loss: Wetlands, v. 19, no. 1, p. 209-219, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161750.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.604248046875,\n 29.084976575985912\n ],\n [\n -89.5330810546875,\n 29.084976575985912\n ],\n [\n -89.5330810546875,\n 29.76914573606667\n ],\n [\n -90.604248046875,\n 29.76914573606667\n ],\n [\n -90.604248046875,\n 29.084976575985912\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c42e4b0c8380cd6fb47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, J. 0000-0003-0110-0284 carterj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-0284","contributorId":81839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.","email":"carterj@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foote, A.L.","contributorId":66435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foote","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson-Randall, L. 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Composite standard deviations (second moment measures) are always larger than suite standard deviations. Suite and composite values for higher moment measures have more complex relationships. Very seldom, however, are they equivalent, and they normally yield statistically significant but different results. Multiple samples are preferable to single samples (including composites) because they permit the investigator to examine sample-to-sample variability. These and other relationships for suite and composite probability distribution analyses are investigated and reported using granulometric data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0037-0738(99)00005-6","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Balsillie, J.H., and Tanner, W., 1999, Suite versus composite statistics: Sedimentary Geology, v. 125, no. 3-4, p. 225-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(99)00005-6.","startPage":"225","endPage":"234","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206332,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(99)00005-6"},{"id":229444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dbde4b08c986b31da42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balsillie, J. 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These data are intended to provide a benchmark for comparison with future metal concentration data measurements. The Steinhatchee River estuary is a relatively pristine bay located within the Big Bend Wildlife Management Area on the North Central Florida Gulf of Mexico coastline. The river flows 55 km through woodlands and planted pines before emptying into the Gulf at Deadman Harbor. Water quality in the estuary is excellent at present. There is minimal development within the watershed. The estuary is part of an extensive system of marshes that formed along the Florida Gulf coast during the Holocene marine transgression. Sediment accretion rate measurements range from 1.4 to 4.1 mm/yr on the basis of lead-210 measurements. Seventy-nine short cores were collected from 66 sample locations, representing four lithofacies: clay- and organic-rich sands, organic-rich sands, clean quartz sands, and oyster bioherms. Samples were analyzed for texture, total organic matter, total carbon, total nitrogen, clay mineralogy, and major and trace-metal content. Following these analyses, metal concentrations were normalized against geochemical reference elements (aluminum and iron) and against total weight percent organic matter. Metals were also normalized granulometrically against total weight percent fines (<0.062 mm). Concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for all metals except mercury. Mercury concentrations were determined by cold-flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Granulometric measurements were made by sieve and pipette analyses. Organic matter was determined by two methods: weight loss upon ignition and elemental analysis (by Carlo-Erba Furnace) of carbon and nitrogen. X-ray diffraction was used to determine clay mineralogy. Trace-metal concentrations were best correlated when normalized with respect to sediment aluminum concentrations. Normalizations indicate that most major and trace-metal concentrations fall within 95% prediction limits of the expected value. This finding suggests that little significant metal contamination occurred within this system prior to 1994 sediment sampling. Exceptions include lead, mercury, copper, zinc, potassium, and phosphorous. Lead and mercury are elements that generally enter this watershed through atmospheric deposition; thus, anomalous levels of these metals are not necessarily associated with activities within the watershed of the Steinhatchee River estuary. Anomalous concentrations of other metals such as zinc, copper, and phosphorous probably do originate within the Steinhatchee watershed. Copper failed to correlate well with any geochemical or granulometric normalizer, and this condition was not limited to a single facies or area within the estuary. This finding may indicate copper contamination in the system. Increased zinc and copper levels may be attributed to marine paints. Phosphorous levels also appeared to be elevated in a few locations in the two marsh facies sampled. This may be due to nutrient loading from two small communities, Jena and Steinhatchee, or from the application of this element in fertilizer to reduce moisture stress to young planted pines on tree farms within the watershed.The Florida Geological Survey/US Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service Cooperative Study provides baseline data for major and trace metal concentrations in the sediments of the Steinhatchee River estuary. The data are intended to provide a benchmark for comparison with metal concentration data measurements. Seventy nine short cores were collected from 66 sample locations and analyzed. Metal concentrations were normalized against geochemical reference elements and against total weight percen","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Georesources and Geotechnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Ltd","publisherLocation":"London, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1080/106411999273864","issn":"1064119X","usgsCitation":"Trimble, C., Hoenstine, R., Highley, A., Donoghue, J., and Ragland, P., 1999, Baseline sediment trace metals investigation: Steinhatchee River estuary, Florida, Northeast Gulf of Mexico: Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, v. 17, no. 2-3, p. 187-197, https://doi.org/10.1080/106411999273864.","startPage":"187","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268183,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/106411999273864"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efdbe4b0c8380cd4a4b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trimble, C.A.","contributorId":83690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoenstine, R.W.","contributorId":61976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoenstine","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Highley, A.B.","contributorId":99724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Highley","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donoghue, J.F.","contributorId":63533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donoghue","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ragland, P.C.","contributorId":73338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragland","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021791,"text":"70021791 - 1999 - The epipelagic fish community of Beaufort Sea coastal waters, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T16:31:54.187181","indexId":"70021791","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The epipelagic fish community of Beaufort Sea coastal waters, Alaska","docAbstract":"A three-year study of epipelagic fishes inhabiting Beaufort Sea coastal waters in Alaska documented spatial and temporal patterns in fish distribution and abundance and examined their relationships to thermohaline features during summer. Significant interannual, seasonal, and geographical differences in surface water temperatures and salinities were observed. In 1990, sea ice was absent and marine conditions prevailed, whereas in 1988 and 1991, heavy pack ice was present and the dissolution of the brackish water mass along the coast proceeded more slowly. Arctic cod, capelin, and liparids were the most abundant marine fishes in the catches, while arctic cisco was the only abundant diadromous freshwater species. Age-0 arctic cod were exceptionally abundant and large in 1990, while age-0 capelin dominated in the other years. The alternating numerical dominances of arctic cod and age-0 capelin may represent differing species' responses to wind-driven oceanographic processes affecting growth and survival. The only captures of age-0 arctic cisco occurred during 1990. Catch patterns indicate they use a broad coastal migratory corridor and tolerate high salinities. As in the oceanographic data, geographical and temporal patterns were apparent in the fish catch data, but in most cases these patterns were not statistically testable because of excessive zero catches. The negative binomial distribution appeared to be a suitable statistical descriptor of the aggregated catch patterns for the more common species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic912","usgsCitation":"Jarvela, L.E., and Thorsteinson, L.K., 1999, The epipelagic fish community of Beaufort Sea coastal waters, Alaska: Arctic, v. 52, no. 1, p. 80-94, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic912.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479641,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic912","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141,\n 71\n ],\n [\n -150.53217797249454,\n 71\n ],\n [\n -150.53217797249454,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 71\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babd4e4b08c986b3230d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarvela, L. E.","contributorId":57229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvela","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorsteinson, Lyman K. lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinson","given":"Lyman","email":"lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021796,"text":"70021796 - 1999 - Estimates of bottom roughness length and bottom shear stress in South San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T16:20:40.225353","indexId":"70021796","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of bottom roughness length and bottom shear stress in South San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"A field investigation of the hydrodynamics and the resuspension and transport of particulate matter in a bottom boundary layer was carried out in South San Francisco Bay (South Bay), California, during March-April 1995. Using broadband acoustic Doppler current profilers, detailed measurements of turbulent mean velocity distribution within 1.5 m above bed have been obtained. A global method of data analysis was used for estimating bottom roughness length zo and bottom shear stress (or friction velocities u*). Field data have been examined by dividing the time series of velocity profiles into 24-hour periods and independently analyzing the velocity profile time series by flooding and ebbing periods. The global method of solution gives consistent properties of bottom roughness length zo and bottom shear stress values (or friction velocities u*) in South Bay. Estimated mean values of zo and u* for flooding and ebbing cycles are different. The differences in mean zo and u* are shown to be caused by tidal current flood-ebb inequality, rather than the flooding or ebbing of tidal currents. The bed shear stress correlates well with a reference velocity; the slope of the correlation defines a drag coefficient. Forty-three days of field data in South Bay show two regimes of zo (and drag coefficient) as a function of a reference velocity. When the mean velocity is >25–30 cm s−1, the ln zo (and thus the drag coefficient) is inversely proportional to the reference velocity. The cause for the reduction of roughness length is hypothesized as sediment erosion due to intensifying tidal currents thereby reducing bed roughness. When the mean velocity is <25–30 cm s−1, the correlation between zo and the reference velocity is less clear. A plausible explanation of scattered values of zo under this condition may be sediment deposition. Measured sediment data were inadequate to support this hypothesis, but the proposed hypothesis warrants further field investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998JC900126","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., Ling, C.#., Gartner, J.W., and Wang, P., 1999, Estimates of bottom roughness length and bottom shear stress in South San Francisco Bay, California: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 104, no. C4, p. 7715-7728, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JC900126.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"7715","endPage":"7728","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479618,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998jc900126","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"C4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ad8e4b0c8380cd52478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ling, C. #NAME?","contributorId":14133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ling","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, J. W.","contributorId":81903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, P.-F.","contributorId":25311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"P.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021823,"text":"70021823 - 1999 - Actual timing of neodymium isotopic variations recorded by Fe-Mn crusts in the western North Atlantic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:38","indexId":"70021823","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Actual timing of neodymium isotopic variations recorded by Fe-Mn crusts in the western North Atlantic","docAbstract":"Hydrogenetic ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts from the western North Atlantic record variations in the Nd and Pb isotopic composition of Cenozoic deep water preserved during their growth. The timing and cause of the most striking change have been the subject of debate. Some have proposed that the shift took place after 4 Ma in response to the closure of the Panama gateway. Others have argued that the major change in isotope composition occurred as early as 8 Ma. This study presents high-resolution Nd isotope records for crusts previously dated using 10Be/9Be chronology. These data confirm that the shifts in Nd occurred after 4 Ma, consistent with a likely relationship with the closure of the Central American Isthmus and intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation, and in accordance with changes seen in other physical and chemical records. These results illustrate the need for both a robust chronological framework and high-resolution records before a reliable paleoceanographic interpretation can be made of the variations recorded by Fe-Mn crusts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00138-7","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Burton, K., Lee, D., Christensen, J., Halliday, A.N., and Hein, J., 1999, Actual timing of neodymium isotopic variations recorded by Fe-Mn crusts in the western North Atlantic: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 171, no. 1, p. 149-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00138-7.","startPage":"149","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206268,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00138-7"},{"id":229268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"171","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6d2e4b0c8380cd47655","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, K.W.","contributorId":101399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, D.-C.","contributorId":38307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"D.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, J.N.","contributorId":97268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021830,"text":"70021830 - 1999 - Foreshocks and aftershocks of the great 1857 California earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T00:53:44.914758","indexId":"70021830","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foreshocks and aftershocks of the great 1857 California earthquake","docAbstract":"The San Andreas fault is the longest fault in California and one of the longest strike-slip faults anywhere in the world, yet we know little about many aspects of its behavior before, during, and after large earthquakes. We conducted a study to locate and to estimate magnitudes for the largest foreshocks and aftershocks of the 1857 M 7.9 Fort Tejon earthquake on the central and southern segments of the fault. We began by searching archived first-hand accounts from 1857 through 1862, by grouping felt reports temporally, and by assigning modified Mercalli intensities to each site. We then used a modified form of the grid-search algorithm of Bakun and Wentworth, derived from empirical analysis of modern earthquakes, to find the location and magnitude most consistent with the assigned intensities for each of the largest events. The result confirms a conclusion of Sieh that at least two foreshocks (“dawn” and “sunrise”) located on or near the Parkfield segment of the San Andreas fault preceded the mainshock. We estimate their magnitudes to be M ≈ 6.1 and M ≈ 5.6, respectively. The aftershock rate was below average but within one standard deviation of the number of aftershocks expected based on statistics of modern southern California mainshock-aftershock sequences. The aftershocks included two significant events during the first eight days of the sequence, with magnitudes M ≈ 6.25 and M ≈ 6.7, near the southern half of the rupture; later aftershocks included a M ≈ 6 event near San Bernardino in December 1858 and a M ≈ 6.3 event near the Parkfield segment in April 1860. From earthquake logs at Fort Tejon, we conclude that the aftershock sequence lasted a minimum of 3.75 years.
Using gastric and surgical transmitter implantation, we compared radio-tagged juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (T(O)) with tagged fish also having a gill biopsy (T(B)) to determine biopsy effects on fish implanted with radio transmitters. We found no evidence during the 21-d period to suggest that a gill biopsy reduced survival, growth, or gross condition of the tagged-biopsy group, regardless of transmitter implantation technique. We recorded 100% survival of all treatment groups. Relative growth rates of T(O) and T(B) fish did not differ significantly. Leukocrit and lysozyme levels were not significantly different among groups, suggesting that no signs of infection were present. Our findings suggest that small chinook salmon can tolerate the combination of transmitter implantation and gill biopsy without compromising condition relative to fish receiving only the transmitter. We believe a gill biopsy can be used in field telemetry studies, especially when physiological data are needed in addition to behavioral data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0856:NGBDNA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Martinelli-Liedtke, T.L., Shively, R., Holmberg, G., Sheer, M., and Schrock, R., 1999, Nonlethal gill biopsy does not affect juvenile chinook salmon implanted with radio transmitters: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 19, no. 3, p. 856-859, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0856:NGBDNA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"856","endPage":"859","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a677ee4b0c8380cd73364","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martinelli-Liedtke, T. L.","contributorId":36704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinelli-Liedtke","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shively, R.S.","contributorId":79642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmberg, G.S.","contributorId":17006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmberg","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sheer, M.B.","contributorId":107453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheer","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schrock, R. M.","contributorId":27218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrock","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022079,"text":"70022079 - 1999 - Oil, gas field growth projections: Wishful thinking or reality?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T16:59:18","indexId":"70022079","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oil, gas field growth projections: Wishful thinking or reality?","docAbstract":"The observed `field growth' for the period from 1992 through 1996 with the US Geological Survey's (USGS) predicted field growth for the same period are compared. Known field recovery of field size is defined as the sum of past cumulative field production and the field's proved reserves. Proved reserves are estimated quantities of hydrocarbons which geologic and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to recoverable from known fields under existing economic and operating conditions. Proved reserve estimates calculated with this definition are typically conservative. The modeling approach used by the USGS to characterize `field growth phenomena' is statistical rather that geologic in nature.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., Mast, R., and Root, D.H., 1999, Oil, gas field growth projections: Wishful thinking or reality?: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 97, no. 14.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351783,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-97/issue-14/in-this-issue/exploration/oil-gas-field-growth-projections-wishful-thinking-or-reality.html"}],"volume":"97","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d13e4b0c8380cd74f3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, R. F.","contributorId":102887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"R. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Root, D. H.","contributorId":74019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021858,"text":"70021858 - 1999 - Health status and relative exposure of mule deer and white-tailed deer to soil contaminants at the rocky mountain arsenal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T15:59:59","indexId":"70021858","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Health status and relative exposure of mule deer and white-tailed deer to soil contaminants at the rocky mountain arsenal","docAbstract":"We evaluated the health of 18 radio-collared deer [13 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and 5 white-tailed deer (O. virginianus)] from the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, near Denver, Colorado, USA, a Superfund site contaminated with a variety of materials, including organochlorine pesticides, metals, and nerve gas production by-products. Radio-collared deer were tracked for 1 to 3 years (1989–1992) to identify relative exposure to contaminants based on telemetry locations plotted on grid maps depicting known soil contaminant concentrations. At the end of the study, all animals were in fair or good body condition at the time of necropsy. Mean ages of mule deer and white-tailed deer were 7.4 (range 4–12) and 10.6 years (range 5–17), respectively. At necropsy, tissues were collected from the deer for serology, histopathology, and analysis for eight chlorinated hydrocarbons and two metals. Detectable residues of mercury were found in the kidneys of 10 deer (range 0.055–0.096 μg/g), dieldrin was found in fat (n = 9) (range 0.02–0.72 μg/g), liver (n = 4) (range 0.017–0.12 μg/g), and brain (n = 1, 0.018 μg/g), and DDE was found in the muscle of one animal (0.02 μg/g). Relative exposure estimates derived from telemetry and soil contamination data were correlated with tissue levels of dieldrin (p < 0.001) and mercury (p = 0.05). Two mule deer had severe testicular atrophy, and one of these animals also had antler deformities. The prevalence of antibodies against epizootic hemorrhagic disease serotype 2 was 85%.
","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0272:HSAREO>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Creekmore, T.E., Whittaker, D., Roy, R.R., Franson, J.C., and Baker, D.L., 1999, Health status and relative exposure of mule deer and white-tailed deer to soil contaminants at the rocky mountain arsenal: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 2, p. 272-278, https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0272:HSAREO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"278","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.89831924438477,\n 39.84307683704132\n ],\n [\n -104.86724853515625,\n 39.87167190469927\n ],\n [\n -104.78948593139648,\n 39.87167190469927\n ],\n [\n -104.78982925415038,\n 39.7971944378224\n ],\n [\n -104.86724853515625,\n 39.7978538846004\n ],\n [\n -104.8674201965332,\n 39.811832668291416\n ],\n [\n -104.90381240844727,\n 39.8123601139158\n ],\n [\n -104.90346908569336,\n 39.826995115497404\n ],\n [\n -104.8978042602539,\n 39.827126948192486\n ],\n [\n -104.89831924438477,\n 39.84307683704132\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fe1e4b0c8380cd5d178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Creekmore, Terry E.","contributorId":42179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creekmore","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittaker, Don","contributorId":92818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittaker","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, Richard R.","contributorId":84801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":177499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, Dan L.","contributorId":7995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021865,"text":"70021865 - 1999 - TriNet \"ShakeMaps\": Rapid generation of peak ground motion and intensity maps for earthquakes in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T00:41:43.29545","indexId":"70021865","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"TriNet \"ShakeMaps\": Rapid generation of peak ground motion and intensity maps for earthquakes in southern California","docAbstract":"Delineating the nature and extent of ground-water inputs is necessary to understand the hydrochemistry of large lakes. Characterizing the interaction between ground water and large lakes (e.g., the Great Lakes) is facilitated by the use of geochemical and isotopic data. In this study, pore waters were extracted from sediment cores collected from Saginaw Bay and the surrounding Saginaw lowland area; the geochemistry and stable isotope signature of these pore waters were used to identify sources for the water and solutes. Cores from Saginaw Bay and the Saginaw lowland area yielded strong vertical gradients in chloride concentrations, suggesting that a high-chloride source is present at depth. The spatial distribution of cores with elevated chloride concentrations corresponds to the regional distribution of chloride in ground water. Most of the Saginaw lowland area cores contain water with significantly lower δ18O values than modern meteoric water, suggesting that the water had been recharged during a much cooler climate. The δ18O values measured in pore waters (from Saginaw Bay cores) containing high chloride concentrations are similar to modern meteoric water; however, values lighter than modern meteoric water are encountered at depth. Chloride:bromide ratios, used to distinguish between different chloride sources, identify formation brine as the likely source for chloride. Transport models indicate that a combination of advection and diffusion is responsible for the observed Saginaw lowland area pore-water profiles. Pore-water profiles in Saginaw Bay sediments are produced primarily by diffusion and require significantly less time to evolve. An upward flux of solutes derived from formation brine could occur elsewhere within the Great Lakes region and significantly affect the geochemical cycling of chloride and other contaminants (e.g., trace metals).