A field investigation of multispecies reactive transport was conducted in a well‐characterized, sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The aquifer is characterized by regions of differing chemical conditions caused by the disposal of secondary sewage effluent. Ten thousand liters of groundwater with added tracers (Br, Cr(VI), and EDTA complexed with Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni) were injected into the aquifer and distributions of the tracers were monitored for 15 months. Most of the tracers were transported more than 200 m; transport was quantified using spatial moments computed from the results of a series of synoptic samplings. Cr(VI) transport was retarded relative to Br; the retardation factor varied from 1.1 to 2.4 and was dependent on chemical conditions. At 314 days after the injection, dissolved Cr(VI) mass in the tracer cloud had decreased 85%, with the likely cause being reduction to Cr(III) in a suboxic region of the aquifer. Transport of the metal‐EDTA complexes was affected by aqueous complexation, adsorption, and dissolution‐precipitation reactions of Fe oxyhydroxide minerals in the aquifer sediments. Dissolved Pb‐EDTA complexes disappeared from the tracer cloud within 85 days, probably due to metal exchange reactions with Fe and adsorbed Zn (present prior to the injection from contamination by the sewage effluent). About 30% of the Cu‐EDTA complexes remained within the tracer cloud 314 days after injection, even though the thermodynamic stability of the Pb‐EDTA complex is greater than Cu‐EDTA. It is hypothesized that stronger adsorption of Pb2+ to the aquifer sediments causes the Pb‐EDTA complex to disassociate to a greater degree than the Cu‐EDTA complex. The mass of dissolved Zn‐EDTA increased during the first 175 days of the tracer test to 140% of the mass injected, with the increase due to desorption of sewage‐derived Zn. Dissolved Ni‐EDTA mass remained nearly constant throughout the tracer test, apparently only participating in reversible adsorption reactions. The results of the field experiment provide a chemically complex data set that can be used in the testing of reactive transport models of flow coupled with chemical reactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900282","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Kent, D., Coston, J., Hess, K., and Joye, J., 2000, Multispecies reactive tracer test in an aquifer with spatially variable chemical conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 119-134, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900282.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"134","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60a0e4b0c8380cd715b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coston, J.A.","contributorId":59572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coston","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hess, K.M.","contributorId":39415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joye, J.L.","contributorId":56389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joye","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022872,"text":"70022872 - 2000 - Evaluation of the prototype surface bypass for salmonid smolts in Spring 1996 and 1997 at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:40:18","indexId":"70022872","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the prototype surface bypass for salmonid smolts in Spring 1996 and 1997 at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, Washington","docAbstract":"In spring 1996 and 1997, we studied the prototype surface bypass and collector (SBC) at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River in Washington. Our objectives were to determine the most efficient SBC configuration and to describe smolt movements and swimming behavior in the forebay. To do this, we used hydroacoustic and radiotelemetry techniques. The SBC was retrofitted onto the upstream face of the north half of the powerhouse to test the surface bypass method of diverting smolts from turbines. The SBC had three entrances, with mean velocities ranging from 0.37 to 1.92 m/s, and it discharged 113 m3/s through its outlet at Spill Bay 1, which was adjacent to the powerhouse. Different SBC configurations were created by altering the size and shape of entrances. During spring 1996 and 1997, river discharge was well above normal (123 and 154% of average, respectively). Powerhouse operations caused a strong downward component of flow upstream of the SBC. Many smolts (primarily steelhead and secondarily chinook salmon) were observed actively swimming upward in the water column. There were four times as many smolts diverted from turbines per unit volume of water with SBC flow than with spill flow, which indicated that the SBC may be an especially important bypass consideration in moderate- or low-flow years. The highest SBC efficiency (the proportion of total fish passing through the north half of the powerhouse by all routes that passed through the SBC) for any configuration tested was about 40%. Although no single SBC configuration stood out as the most efficient, the horizontal surface and maximum area configurations, or some combination of the two, are worth further investigation because they were moderately efficient.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0381:EOTPSB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.E., Adams, N., Johnson, R.L., Rondorf, D., Dauble, D., and Barila, T., 2000, Evaluation of the prototype surface bypass for salmonid smolts in Spring 1996 and 1997 at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, Washington: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 2, p. 381-397, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0381:EOTPSB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"397","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.45277404785158,\n 46.69572695872617\n ],\n [\n -117.46221542358398,\n 46.69231245343321\n ],\n [\n -117.44951248168947,\n 46.66416399878266\n ],\n [\n -117.43062973022461,\n 46.6508502096111\n ],\n [\n -117.39131927490234,\n 46.64071539449768\n ],\n [\n -117.37466812133789,\n 46.65108588039371\n ],\n [\n -117.44367599487305,\n 46.67994778351063\n ],\n [\n -117.44985580444336,\n 46.69278343251575\n ],\n [\n -117.45277404785158,\n 46.69572695872617\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cf0e4b0c8380cd52d63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, G. E.","contributorId":103261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":395228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":93175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Robert L.","contributorId":41998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dauble, D.D.","contributorId":107888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dauble","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barila, T.Y.","contributorId":13410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barila","given":"T.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70022252,"text":"70022252 - 2000 - Observations of storm and river flood-driven sediment transport on the northern California continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022252","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of storm and river flood-driven sediment transport on the northern California continental shelf","docAbstract":"In the winter of 1996-1997, three bottom-boundary layer tripods were placed in an alongshelf array on the northern California continental shelf off Eureka, CA in 60-65-m water depth. During the observation period, multiple storms and river discharge events occurred, as well as the largest flood on record since 1964. Suspended-sediment concentration at all three sites fluctuated in response to both wave resuspension and advection of river-derived sediments. However, considerable spatial differences in low-frequency currents and suspended-sediment concentration were observed at the three sites. Sediment flux vectors calculated during periods of high suspended-sediment concentration suggest a convergence of sediment flux coincident with the center of recent flood deposits. Suspended-sediment concentrations observed at the two northern tripod sites following the large flood reached magnitudes typical of fluid mud (> 10 g/l) in a thin near-bed layer. The net sediment flux during the single three-day event was two orders of magnitude larger than any other event during the winter, and accounted for seven times the flux observed over an entire year (1995-1996). A conceptual model for the advection of sediment to the mid shelf is proposed in which river plume sediments are trapped on the inner shelf either due to a weak front or the rapid input of sediment from a confined plume, and form a thin layer of fluid mud. The fluid mud subsequently is transported seaward due to gravitational forcing. The measured sediment concentration and velocity profiles on the shelf provide strong evidence to support this conclusion. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00065-0","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Ogston, A., Cacchione, D., Sternberg, R., and Kineke, G., 2000, Observations of storm and river flood-driven sediment transport on the northern California continental shelf: Continental Shelf Research, v. 20, no. 16, p. 2141-2162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00065-0.","startPage":"2141","endPage":"2162","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206689,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00065-0"},{"id":230564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6abee4b0c8380cd74317","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ogston, A.S.","contributorId":86920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogston","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sternberg, R.W.","contributorId":90872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sternberg","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kineke, G.C.","contributorId":12214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kineke","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022499,"text":"70022499 - 2000 - Landslide triggering by rain infiltration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:26:57","indexId":"70022499","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslide triggering by rain infiltration","docAbstract":"Landsliding in response to rainfall involves physical processes that operate on disparate timescales. Relationships between these timescales guide development of a mathematical model that uses reduced forms of Richards equation to evaluate effects of rainfall infiltration on landslide occurrence, timing, depth, and acceleration in diverse situations. The longest pertinent timescale is A/D0, where D0 is the maximum hydraulic diffusivity of the soil and A is the catchment area that potentially affects groundwater pressures at a prospective landslide slip surface location with areal coordinates x, y and depth H. Times greater than A/D0 are necessary for establishment of steady background water pressures that develop at (x, y, H) in response to rainfall averaged over periods that commonly range from days to many decades. These steady groundwater pressures influence the propensity for landsliding at (x, y, H), but they do not trigger slope failure. Failure results from rainfall over a typically shorter timescale H2/D0 associated with transient pore pressure transmission during and following storms. Commonly, this timescale ranges from minutes to months. The shortest timescale affecting landslide responses to rainfall is √(H/g), where g is the magnitude of gravitational acceleration. Postfailure landslide motion occurs on this timescale, which indicates that the thinnest landslides accelerate most quickly if all other factors are constant. Effects of hydrologic processes on landslide processes across these diverse timescales are encapsulated by a response function, R(t*) = √(t*/π) exp (-1/t*) - erfc (1/√t*), which depends only on normalized time, t*. Use of R(t*) in conjunction with topographic data, rainfall intensity and duration information, an infinite-slope failure criterion, and Newton's second law predicts the timing, depth, and acceleration of rainfall-triggered landslides. Data from contrasting landslides that exhibit rapid, shallow motion and slow, deep-seated motion corroborate these predictions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900090","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., 2000, Landslide triggering by rain infiltration: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 7, p. 1897-1910, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900090.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1897","endPage":"1910","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479293,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900090","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4445e4b0c8380cd669aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022521,"text":"70022521 - 2000 - Assessing sorbent injection mercury control effectiveness in flue gas streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022521","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1560,"text":"Environmental Progress","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing sorbent injection mercury control effectiveness in flue gas streams","docAbstract":"One promising approach for removing mercury from coal-fired, utility flue gas involves the direct injection of mercury sorbents. Although this method has been effective at removing mercury in municipal waste incinerators, tests conducted to date on utility coal-fired boilers show that mercury removal is much more difficult in utility flue gas. EPRI is conducting research to investigate mercury removal using sorbents in this application. Bench-scale, pilot-scale, and field tests have been conducted to determine the ability of different sorbents to remove mercury in simulated and actual flue gas streams. This paper focuses on recent bench-scale and field test results evaluating the adsorption characteristics of activated carbon and fly ash and the use of these results to develop a predictive mercury removal model. Field tests with activated carbon show that adsorption characteristics measured in the lab agree reasonably well with characteristics measured in the field. However, more laboratory and field data will be needed to identify other gas phase components which may impact performance. This will allow laboratory tests to better simulate field conditions and provide improved estimates of sorbent performance for specific sites. In addition to activated carbon results, bench-scale and modeling results using fly ash are presented which suggest that certain fly ashes are capable of adsorbing mercury.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Progress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AIChE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","doi":"10.1002/ep.670190309","issn":"02784491","usgsCitation":"Carey, T., Richardson, C.F., Chang, R., Meserole, F., Rostam-Abadi, M., and Chen, S., 2000, Assessing sorbent injection mercury control effectiveness in flue gas streams: Environmental Progress, v. 19, no. 3, p. 167-174, https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.670190309.","startPage":"167","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206758,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.670190309"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede1e4b0c8380cd49a91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carey, T.R.","contributorId":88894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, C. F.","contributorId":33862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, R.","contributorId":16175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meserole, F.B.","contributorId":42746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meserole","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rostam-Abadi, M.","contributorId":37061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostam-Abadi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chen, S.","contributorId":7856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70022275,"text":"70022275 - 2000 - Models of downdip frictional coupling for the Cascadia Megathrust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T18:50:46.516422","indexId":"70022275","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Models of downdip frictional coupling for the Cascadia Megathrust","docAbstract":"We have developed models of downdip frictional coupling along two transects across the Cascadia subduction zone in northern Washington and central Oregon. The models involve complicated downdip coupling profiles. Although not unique, our models closely predict available GPS shortening rates and vertical uplift data. We are able to explain relatively low horizontal shortening rates along the Washington coast and small vertical uplift rates in central Oregon. Our models depart from previous models by inclusion of a deeply coupled region assumed to be related to mafic rocks in both the upper and lower plates of the thrust.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999GL005441","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Stanley, D., and Villasenor, A., 2000, Models of downdip frictional coupling for the Cascadia Megathrust: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 10, p. 1551-1554, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL005441.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1551","endPage":"1554","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489191,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl005441","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia subduction zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.0126953125,\n 48.86471476180277\n ],\n [\n -126.40869140625,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -126.7822265625,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -119.3115234375,\n 43.99281450048989\n ],\n [\n -119.39941406249999,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -128.0126953125,\n 48.86471476180277\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c7ee4b0c8380cd6fd3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, D.","contributorId":62365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villasenor, A.","contributorId":52733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villasenor","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022286,"text":"70022286 - 2000 - Synthetic aperture radar interferometry of Okmok volcano, Alaska: radar observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T13:54:21","indexId":"70022286","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthetic aperture radar interferometry of Okmok volcano, Alaska: radar observations","docAbstract":"ERS-1/ERS-2 synthetic aperture radar interferometry was used to study the 1997 eruption of Okmok volcano in Alaska. First, we derived an accurate digital elevation model (DEM) using a tandem ERS-1/ERS-2 image pair and the preexisting DEM. Second, by studying changes in interferometric coherence we found that the newly erupted lava lost radar coherence for 5-17 months after the eruption. This suggests changes in the surface backscattering characteristics and was probably related to cooling and compaction processes. Third, the atmospheric delay anomalies in the deformation interferograms were quantitatively assessed. Atmospheric delay anomalies in some of the interferograms were significant and consistently smaller than one to two fringes in magnitude. For this reason, repeat observations are important to confidently interpret small geophysical signals related to volcanic activities. Finally, using two-pass differential interferometry, we analyzed the preemptive inflation, coeruptive deflation, and posteruptive inflation and confirmed the observations using independent image pairs. We observed more than 140 cm of subsidence associated with the 1997 eruption. This subsidence occurred between 16 months before the eruption and 5 months after the eruption, was preceded by ∼18 cm of uplift between 1992 and 1995 centered in the same location, and was followed by ∼10 cm of uplift between September 1997 and 1998. The best fitting model suggests the magma reservoir resided at 2.7 km depth beneath the center of the caldera, which was ∼5 km from the eruptive vent. We estimated the volume of the erupted material to be 0.055 km3 and the average thickness of the erupted lava to be ∼7.4 m. Copyright 2000 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900034","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Mann, D., Freymueller, J.T., and Meyer, D., 2000, Synthetic aperture radar interferometry of Okmok volcano, Alaska: radar observations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B5, p. 10791-10806, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900034.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"10791","endPage":"10806","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278534,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900034"}],"volume":"105","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba35de4b08c986b31fc93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":392999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Dorte","contributorId":76491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Dorte","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":97458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, David dmeyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"David","email":"dmeyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022444,"text":"70022444 - 2000 - Geographic patterns and dynamics of Alaskan climate interpolated from a sparse station record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:58:34","indexId":"70022444","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic patterns and dynamics of Alaskan climate interpolated from a sparse station record","docAbstract":"Data from a sparse network of climate stations in Alaska were interpolated to provide 1-km resolution maps of mean monthly temperature and precipitation-variables that are required at high spatial resolution for input into regional models of ecological processes and resource management. The interpolation model is based on thin-plate smoothing splines, which uses the spatial data along with a digital elevation model to incorporate local topography. The model provides maps that are consistent with regional climatology and with patterns recognized by experienced weather forecasters. The broad patterns of Alaskan climate are well represented and include latitudinal and altitudinal trends in temperature and precipitation and gradients in continentality. Variations within these broad patterns reflect both the weakening and reduction in frequency of low-pressure centres in their eastward movement across southern Alaska during the summer, and the shift of the storm tracks into central and northern Alaska in late summer. Not surprisingly, apparent artifacts of the interpolated climate occur primarily in regions with few or no stations. The interpolation model did not accurately represent low-level winter temperature inversions that occur within large valleys and basins. Along with well-recognized climate patterns, the model captures local topographic effects that would not be depicted using standard interpolation techniques. This suggests that similar procedures could be used to generate high-resolution maps for other high-latitude regions with a sparse density of data.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06008.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Fleming, M.D., Chapin, F.S., Cramer, W., Hufford, G.L., and Serreze, M.C., 2000, Geographic patterns and dynamics of Alaskan climate interpolated from a sparse station record: Global Change Biology, v. 6, no. S1, p. 49-58, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06008.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06008.x"}],"volume":"6","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a177de4b0c8380cd55506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, Michael D.","contributorId":98816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapin, F. Stuart III","contributorId":65632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Stuart","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cramer, W.","contributorId":102231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hufford, Gary L.","contributorId":78502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hufford","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Serreze, Mark C.","contributorId":98491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serreze","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022525,"text":"70022525 - 2000 - Style and age of late Oligocene-early Miocene deformation in the southern Stillwater Range, west central Nevada: Paleomagnetism, geochronology, and field relations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T11:43:45","indexId":"70022525","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Style and age of late Oligocene-early Miocene deformation in the southern Stillwater Range, west central Nevada: Paleomagnetism, geochronology, and field relations","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic and geochronologic data combined with geologic mapping tightly restrict the timing and character of a late Oligocene to early Miocene episode of large magnitude extension in the southern Stillwater Range and adjacent regions of west central Nevada. The southern Stillwater Range was the site of an Oligocene to early Miocene volcanic center comprising (1) 28.3 to 24.3 Ma intracaldera ash flow tuffs, lava flows, and subjacent plutons associated with three calderas, (2) 24.8 to 20.7 Ma postcaldera silicic dikes and domes, and (3) unconformably overlying 15.3 to 13.0 Ma dacite to basalt lava flows, plugs, and dikes. The caldera-related tuffs, lava flows, and plutons were tilted 60°-70° either west or east during the initial period of Cenozoic deformation that accommodated over 100% extension. Directions of remanent magnetization obtained from these extrusive and intrusive, caldera-related rocks are strongly deflected from an expected Miocene direction in senses appropriate for their tilt. A mean direction for these rocks after tilt correction, however, suggests that they were also affected by a moderate (33.4° ± 11.8°) component of counterclockwise vertical axis rotation. Paleomagnetic data indicate that the episode of large tilting occurred during emplacement of 24.8 to 20.7 Ma postcaldera dikes and domes. In detail, an apparent decrease in rotation with decreasing age of individual, isotopically dated bodies of the postcaldera group indicates that most tilting occurred between 24.4 and 24.2 Ma. The onset of tilting immediately following after the final caldera eruptions suggests that the magmatism and deformation were linked. Deformation was not driven by magma buoyancy, however, because tilting equally affected the caldera systems of different ages, including their plutonic roots. It is more likely that regional extension was focused in the southern Stillwater Range due to magmatic warming and reduction of tensile strength of the brittle crust. Faults that accommodated deformation in the southern Stillwater Range initially dipped steeply and cut deeply to expose more than 9 km of crustal section. The exposed crustal sections are probably rotated blocks above an unexposed basal detachment that lay near the early Miocene brittle-ductile transition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/1999JB900338","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hudson, M., John, D.A., Conrad, J.E., and McKee, E.H., 2000, Style and age of late Oligocene-early Miocene deformation in the southern Stillwater Range, west central Nevada: Paleomagnetism, geochronology, and field relations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B1, p. 929-954, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900338.","startPage":"929","endPage":"954","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479288,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jb900338","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278525,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900338"}],"volume":"105","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9cf0e4b08c986b31d53e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":393945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022202,"text":"70022202 - 2000 - Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022202","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data","docAbstract":"Topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data are compared for 50 locations representing varied terrain in the conterminous USA. The topographic characteristics are three parameters used extensively in hydrological research and modelling - slope (S), specific catchment area (A(s)) and a wetness index computed as the logarithm of the specific catchment area divided by slope [ln(A(s)/S)]. Slope values computed from 1000-m DEMs are smaller than those computed from 100-m DEMs; specific catchment area and the wetness index are larger for the 1000-m DEMs compared with the 100-m DEMs. Most of the differences between the 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs can be attributed to terrain-discretization effects in the computation of the topographic characteristics and are not the result of smoothing or loss of terrain detail in the coarse data. In general, the terrain-discretization effects are greatest on flat terrain with long length-scale features, and the smoothing effects are greatest on steep terrain with short length-scale features. For the most part, the differences in the average values of the topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs are predictable; that is, biases in the mean values for the characteristics computed from a 1000-m DEM can be corrected with simple linear equations. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.Topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data are compared for 50 locations representing varied terrain in the conterminous USA. The topographic characteristics are three parameters used extensively in hydrological research and modelling - slope (S), specific catchment area (As) and a wetness index computed as the logarithm of the specific catchment area divided by slope [In(As/S)]. Slope values computed from 1000-m DEMs are smaller than those computed from 100-m DEMs; specific catchment area and the wetness index are larger for the 1000-m DEMs compared with the 100-m DEMs. Most of the differences between the 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs can be attributed to terrain-discretization effects in the computation of the topographic characteristics and are not the result of smoothing or loss of terrain detail in the coarse data. In general, the terrain-discretization effects are greatest on flat terrain with long length-scale features, and the smoothing effects are greatest on steep terrain with short length-scale features. For the most part, the differences in the average values of the topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs are predictable; that is, biases in the mean values for the characteristics computed from a 1000-m DEM can be corrected with simple linear equations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Wolock, D., and McCabe, G., 2000, Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 6, p. 987-1002, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A.","startPage":"987","endPage":"1002","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479339,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::aid-hyp980>3.0.co;2-a","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"id":230446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00f2e4b0c8380cd4f9e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022420,"text":"70022420 - 2000 - Temporal and spectral characteristics of seismicity observed at Popocatepetl volcano, central Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T15:32:15","indexId":"70022420","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spectral characteristics of seismicity observed at Popocatepetl volcano, central Mexico","docAbstract":"Popocatepetl volcano entered an eruptive phase from December 21, 1994 to March 30, 1995, which was characterized by ash and fumarolic emissions. During this eruptive episode, the observed seismicity consisted of volcano-tectonic (VT) events, long-period (LP) events and sustained tremor. Before the initial eruption on December 21, VT seismicity exhibited no increase in number until a swarm of VT earthquakes was observed at 01:31 hours local time. Visual observations of the eruption occurred at dawn the next morning. LP activity increased from an average of 7 events a day in October 1994 to 22 events per day in December 1994. At the onset of the eruption, LP activity peaked at 49 events per day. LP activity declined until mid-January 1995 when no events were observed. Tremor was first observed about one day after the initial eruption and averaged 10 h per episode. By late February 1995, tremor episodes became more intermittent, lasting less than 5 min, and the number of LP events returned to pre-eruption levels (7 events per day). Using a spectral ratio technique, low-frequency oceanic microseismic noise with a predominant peak around 7 s was removed from the broadband seismic signal of tremor and LP events. Stacks of corrected tremor episodes and LP events show that both tremor and LP events contain similar frequency features with major peaks around 1.4 Hz. Frequency analyses of LP events and tremor suggest a shallow extended source with similar radiation pattern characteristics. The distribution of VT events (between 2.5 and 10 km) also points to a shallow source of the tremor and LP events located in the first 2500 m beneath the crater. Under the assumption that the frequency characteristics of the signals are representative of an oscillator we used a fluid-filled-crack model to infer the length of the resonator.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00188-8","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Arciniega-Ceballos, A., Valdes-Gonzalez, C., and Dawson, P., 2000, Temporal and spectral characteristics of seismicity observed at Popocatepetl volcano, central Mexico: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 102, no. 3-4, p. 207-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00188-8.","startPage":"207","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280168,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00188-8"}],"volume":"102","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4fbe4b08c986b3206ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arciniega-Ceballos, A.","contributorId":42742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arciniega-Ceballos","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valdes-Gonzalez, C.","contributorId":35494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes-Gonzalez","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022236,"text":"70022236 - 2000 - Addendum to `numerical modeling of an enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system'","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022236","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1939,"text":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Addendum to `numerical modeling of an enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system'","docAbstract":"Two numerical models to simulate an enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system that is used for buried-object detection and environmental problems are presented. In the first model, the transmitting and receiving loop antennas accurately analyzed using the method of moments (MoM), and then conjugate gradient (CG) methods with the fast Fourier transform (FFT) are utilized to investigate the scattering from buried conducting plates. In the second model, two magnetic dipoles are used to replace the transmitter and receiver. Both the theory and formulation are correct and the simulation results for the primary magnetic field and the reflected magnetic field are accurate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Piscataway, NJ, United States","doi":"10.1109/74.848948","issn":"10459243","usgsCitation":"Cui, T., Chew, W., Aydiner, A., Wright, D., Smith, D., and Abraham, J., 2000, Addendum to `numerical modeling of an enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system': IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, v. 42, no. 3, p. 54-57, https://doi.org/10.1109/74.848948.","startPage":"54","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206591,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/74.848948"},{"id":230332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6e7e4b0c8380cd47700","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cui, T.J.","contributorId":72552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cui","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chew, W.C.","contributorId":19730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aydiner, A.A.","contributorId":76088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aydiner","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, D.V.","contributorId":31143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Abraham, J.D.","contributorId":20686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70022528,"text":"70022528 - 2000 - Growth and food consumption by tiger muskellunge: Effects of temperature and ration level on bioenergetic model predictions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T20:50:11.246525","indexId":"70022528","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and food consumption by tiger muskellunge: Effects of temperature and ration level on bioenergetic model predictions","docAbstract":"We measured growth of age-0 tiger muskellunge as a function of ration size (25, 50, 75, and 100% Cmax) and water temperature (7.5–25°C) and compared experimental results with those predicted from a bioenergetic model. Discrepancies between actual and predicted values varied appreciably with water temperature and growth rate. On average, model output overestimated winter consumption rates at 10 and 7.5°C by 113 to 328%, respectively, whereas model predictions in summer and autumn (20–25°C) were in better agreement with actual values (4 to 58%). We postulate that variation in model performance was related to seasonal changes in esocid metabolic rate, which were not accounted for in the bioenergetic model. Moreover, accuracy of model output varied with feeding and growth rate of tiger muskellunge. The model performed poorly for fish fed low rations compared with estimates based on fish fed ad libitum rations and was attributed, in part, to the influence of growth rate on the accuracy of bioenergetic predictions. Based on modeling simulations, we found that errors associated with bioenergetic parameters had more influence on model output when growth rate was low, which is consistent with our observations. In addition, reduced conversion efficiency at high ration levels may contribute to variable model performance, thereby implying that waste losses should be modeled as a function of ration size for esocids. Our findings support earlier field tests of the esocid bioenergetic model and indicate that food consumption is generally overestimated by the model, particularly in winter months and for fish exhibiting low feeding and growth rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0186:GAFCBT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Chipps, S.R., Einfalt, L.M., and Wahl, D., 2000, Growth and food consumption by tiger muskellunge: Effects of temperature and ration level on bioenergetic model predictions: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 1, p. 186-193, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0186:GAFCBT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"193","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2de4e4b0c8380cd5c0fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Einfalt, Lisa M.","contributorId":62784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Einfalt","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wahl, David H.","contributorId":85532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"David H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022240,"text":"70022240 - 2000 - Geochemical modeling of iron, sulfur, oxygen and carbon in a coastal plain aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70022240","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical modeling of iron, sulfur, oxygen and carbon in a coastal plain aquifer","docAbstract":"Fe(III) reduction in the Magothy aquifer of Long Island, NY, results in high dissolved-iron concentrations that degrade water quality. Geochemical modeling was used to constrain iron-related geochemical processes and redox zonation along a flow path. The observed increase in dissolved inorganic carbon is consistent with the oxidation of sedimentary organic matter coupled to the reduction of O2 and SO4/2- in the aerobic zone, and to the reduction of SO4/2- in the anaerobic zone; estimated rates of CO2 production through reduction of Fe(III) were relatively minor by comparison. The rates of CO2 production calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon mass transfer (2.55 x 10-4 to 48.6 x 10-4 mmol 1-1 yr-1) generally were comparable to the calculated rates of CO2 production by the combined reduction of O2, Fe(III) and SO4/2- (1.31 x 10-4 to 15 x 10-4 mmol 1-1 yr-1). The overall increase in SO4/2- concentrations along the flow path, together with the results of mass-balance calculations, and variations in ??34S values along the flow path indicate that SO4/2- loss through microbial reduction is exceeded by SO4/2- gain through diffusion from sediments and through the oxidation of FeS2. Geochemichal and microbial data on cores indicate that Fe(III) oxyhydroxide coatings on sediment grains in local, organic carbon- and SO4/2- -rich zones have localized SO4/2- -reducing zones in which the formation of iron disulfides been depleted by microbial reduction and resulted in decreases dissolved iron concentrations. These localized zones of SO4/2- reduction, which are important for assessing zones of low dissolved iron for water-supply development, could be overlooked by aquifer studies that rely only on groundwater data from well-water samples for geochemical modeling. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.Fe(III) reduction in the Magothy aquifer of Long Island, NY, results in high dissolved-iron concentrations that degrade water quality. Geochemical modeling was used to constrain iron-related geochemical processes and redox zonation along a flow path. The observed increase in dissolved inorganic carbon is consistent with the oxidation of sedimentary organic matter coupled to the reduction of O2 and SO42- in the aerobic zone, and to the reduction of SO42- in the anaerobic zone; estimated rates of CO2 production through reduction of Fe(III) were relatively minor by comparison. The rates of CO2 production calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon mass transfer (2.55??10-4 to 48.6??10-4mmol l-1yr-1) generally were comparable to the calculated rates of CO2 production by the combined reduction of O2, Fe(III) and SO42- (1.31??10-4 to 15??10-4mmol l-1yr-1). The overall increase in SO42- concentrations along the flow path, together with the results of mass-balance calculations, and variations in ??34S values along the flow path indicate that SO42- loss through microbial reduction is exceeded by SO42- gain through diffusion from sediments and through the oxidation of FeS2. Geochemical and microbial data on cores indicate that Fe(III) oxyhydroxide coatings on sediment grains in local, organic carbon- and SO42--rich zones have been depleted by microbial reduction and resulted in localized SO42--reducing zones in which the formation of iron disulfides decreases dissolved iron concentrations. These localized zones of SO42- reduction, which are important for assessing zones of low dissolved iron for water-supply development, could be overlooked by aquifer studies that rely only on groundwater data from well-water samples for geochemical modeling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00296-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.J., Schoonen, M., and Candela, J., 2000, Geochemical modeling of iron, sulfur, oxygen and carbon in a coastal plain aquifer: Journal of Hydrology, v. 237, no. 3-4, p. 147-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00296-1.","startPage":"147","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206607,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00296-1"},{"id":230368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"237","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1688e4b0c8380cd551a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. J.","contributorId":90342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoonen, M.A.A.","contributorId":82479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoonen","given":"M.A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Candela, J.L.","contributorId":6884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Candela","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022296,"text":"70022296 - 2000 - Geophysical, archaeological and historical evidence support a solar-output model for climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022296","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geophysical, archaeological and historical evidence support a solar-output model for climate change","docAbstract":"Although the processes of climate change are not completely understood, an important causal candidate is variation in total solar output. Reported cycles in various climate-proxy data show a tendency to emulate a fundamental harmonic sequence of a basic solar-cycle length (11 years) multiplied by 2(N) (where N equals a positive or negative integer). A simple additive model for total solar-output variations was developed by superimposing a progression of fundamental harmonic cycles with slightly increasing amplitudes. The timeline of the model was calibrated to the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary at 9,000 years before present. The calibrated model was compared with geophysical, archaeological, and historical evidence of warm or cold climates during the Holocene. The evidence of periods of several centuries of cooler climates worldwide called 'little ice ages,' similar to the period anno Domini (A.D.) 1280-1860 and reoccurring approximately every 1,300 years, corresponds well with fluctuations in modeled solar output. A more detailed examination of the climate sensitive history of the last 1,000 years further supports the model. Extrapolation of the model into the future suggests a gradual cooling during the next few centuries with intermittent minor warmups and a return to near little-ice-age conditions within the next 500 years. This cool period then may be followed approximately 1,500 years from now by a return to altithermal conditions similar to the previous Holocene Maximum.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.230423297","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Perry, C.A., and Hsu, K., 2000, Geophysical, archaeological and historical evidence support a solar-output model for climate change, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 97, no. 23, p. 12433-12438, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.230423297.","startPage":"12433","endPage":"12438","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479172,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":206725,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.230423297"},{"id":230639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2883e4b0c8380cd5a197","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, C. A.","contributorId":106149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsu, K.J.","contributorId":16159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsu","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022567,"text":"70022567 - 2000 - Determination of hydrologic pathways during snowmelt for alpine/subalpine basins, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:52:49","indexId":"70022567","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of hydrologic pathways during snowmelt for alpine/subalpine basins, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado","docAbstract":"Alpine/subalpine ecosystems in Rocky Mountain National Park may be sensitive to atmospherically derived acidic deposition. Two‐ and three‐component hydrograph separation analyses and correlation analyses were performed for six basins to provide insight into streamflow generation during snowmelt and to assess basin sensitivity to acidic deposition. Three‐component hydrograph separation results for five basins showed that streamflow contained from 42 to 57% direct snowmelt runoff, 37 to 54% subsurface water, and 4 to 13% direct rain runoff for the May through October 1994 study period. Subsurface contributions were 89% of total flow for the sixth basin. The reliability of hydrograph separation model assumptions was explored. Subsurface flow was positively correlated with the amount of surficial material in a basin and was negatively correlated with basin slope. Basins with extensive surficial material and shallow slopes are less susceptible to ecosystem changes due to acidic deposition than basins with less surficial material and steeper slopes. This study was initiated to expand the intensive hydrologic research that has been conducted in Loch Vale basin to a more regional scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900296","usgsCitation":"Suecker, J.K., Ryan, J.N., Kendall, C., and Jarrett, R.D., 2000, Determination of hydrologic pathways during snowmelt for alpine/subalpine basins, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 63-75, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900296.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900296","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffabe4b0c8380cd4f30a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suecker, Julie K.","contributorId":124572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suecker","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarrett, Robert D. rjarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"Robert","email":"rjarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":394101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022199,"text":"70022199 - 2000 - Identifying the usage patterns of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other oxygenates in gasoline using gasoline surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022199","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Identifying the usage patterns of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other oxygenates in gasoline using gasoline surveys","docAbstract":"Data on the volumes of oxygenates and other compounds in gasoline are available from several sources collectively referred as gasoline surveys. The gasoline surveys provide the most definitive knowledge of which oxygenate, if any, and what volumes of that oxygenate are being used in various areas of the country. This information is important in water-quality assessments for relating the detection of MTBE in water to patterns of usage of MTBE in gasoline. General information on three surveys that have been conducted by the National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research, the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association, and the EPA was presented. The samples were tested for physical properties and constituents including octane number, specific gravity, and volumes of olefins, aromatics, benzene, alcohols, and various ether oxygenates. The data in each survey had its own utility based on the type of assessment that is undertaken. Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Using NAWQA data, the percent occurrence of MTBE in ground water in metropolitan areas that use substantial amounts of MTBE (> 5% by vol) was ??? 21%, compared to ??? 2% in areas that do not use substantial amounts of MTBE (< 5% by vol). When several other factors are considered in a logistic regression model including MTBE usage in RFG or OXY gasoline areas (??? 3% by vol) as a factor, a 4-6 fold increase in the detection frequency of MTBE in ground water was found when compared to areas that do not use MTBE or use it only for octane enhancement (< 3% by vol).","largerWorkTitle":"ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts","conferenceTitle":"220th ACS National Meeting","conferenceDate":"20 August 2000 through 24 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Wastington, DC","language":"English","issn":"00657727","usgsCitation":"Moran, M., Clawges, R., and Zogorski, J., 2000, Identifying the usage patterns of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other oxygenates in gasoline using gasoline surveys, in ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts, v. 40, no. 2, Wastington, DC, 20 August 2000 through 24 August 2000, p. 209-213.","startPage":"209","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a385be4b0c8380cd6153c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, M.J.","contributorId":7862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clawges, R.M.","contributorId":24779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clawges","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022568,"text":"70022568 - 2000 - Sampling for mercury at subnanogram per litre concentrations for load estimation in rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022568","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling for mercury at subnanogram per litre concentrations for load estimation in rivers","docAbstract":"Estimation of constituent loads in streams requires collection of stream samples that are representative of constituent concentrations, that is, composites of isokinetic multiple verticals collected along a stream transect. An all-Teflon isokinetic sampler (DH-81) cleaned in 75??C, 4 N HCl was tested using blank, split, and replicate samples to assess systematic and random sample contamination by mercury species. Mean mercury concentrations in field-equipment blanks were low: 0.135 ng??L-1 for total mercury (??Hg) and 0.0086 ng??L-1 for monomethyl mercury (MeHg). Mean square errors (MSE) for ??Hg and MeHg duplicate samples collected at eight sampling stations were not statistically different from MSE of samples split in the laboratory, which represent the analytical and splitting error. Low fieldblank concentrations and statistically equal duplicate- and split-sample MSE values indicate that no measurable contamination was occurring during sampling. Standard deviations associated with example mercury load estimations were four to five times larger, on a relative basis, than standard deviations calculated from duplicate samples, indicating that error of the load determination was primarily a function of the loading model used, not of sampling or analytical methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Colman, J., and Breault, R., 2000, Sampling for mercury at subnanogram per litre concentrations for load estimation in rivers: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 5, p. 1073-1079.","startPage":"1073","endPage":"1079","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab082e4b0c8380cd87b42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, J.A.","contributorId":63032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breault, R.F.","contributorId":102117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022058,"text":"70022058 - 2000 - Water quality degradation effects on freshwater availability: Impacts of human activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T15:37:25.188589","indexId":"70022058","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3713,"text":"Water International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Water quality degradation effects on freshwater availability: Impacts of human activities","title":"Water quality degradation effects on freshwater availability: Impacts of human activities","docAbstract":"The quality of freshwater at any point on the landscape reflects the combined effects of many processes along water pathways. Human activities on all spatial scales affect both water quality and quantity. Alteration of the landscape and associated vegetation has not only changed the water balance, but typically has altered processes that control water quality. Effects of human activities on a small scale are relevant to an entire drainage basin. Furthermore, local, regional, and global differences in climate and water flow are considerable, causing varying effects of human activities on land and water quality and quantity, depending on location within a watershed, geology, biology, physiographic characteristics, and climate. These natural characteristics also greatly control human activities, which will, in turn, modify (or affect) the natural composition of water. One of the most important issues for effective resource management is recognition of cyclical and cascading effects of human activities on the water quality and quantity along hydrologic pathways. The degradation of water quality in one part of a watershed can have negative effects on users downstream. Everyone lives downstream of the effects of some human activity. An extremely important factor is that substances added to the atmosphere, land, and water generally have relatively long time scales for removal or clean up. The nature of the substance, including its affinity for adhering to soil and its ability to be transformed, affects the mobility and the time scale for removal of the substance. Policy alone will not solve many of the degradation issues, but a combination of policy, education, scientific knowledge, planning, and enforcement of applicable laws can provide mechanisms for slowing the rate of degradation and provide human and environmental protection. Such an integrated approach is needed to effectively manage land and water resources.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02508060008686817","issn":"02508060","usgsCitation":"Peters, N.E., and Meybeck, M., 2000, Water quality degradation effects on freshwater availability: Impacts of human activities: Water International, v. 25, no. 2, p. 185-193, https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060008686817.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"193","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc893e4b08c986b32c9d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Norman E. nepeters@usgs.gov","contributorId":1324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Norman","email":"nepeters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meybeck, Michel","contributorId":43521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meybeck","given":"Michel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022071,"text":"70022071 - 2000 - Time-averaged fluxes of lead and fallout radionuclides to sediments in Florida Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T12:23:43","indexId":"70022071","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-averaged fluxes of lead and fallout radionuclides to sediments in Florida Bay","docAbstract":"Recent, unmixed sediments from mud banks of central Florida Bay were dated using 210Pb/226Ra, and chronologies were verified by comparing sediment lead temporal records with Pb/Ca ratios in annual layers of coral (Montastrea annularis) located on the ocean side of the Florida Keys. Dates of sediment lead peaks (1978±2) accord with prior observations of a 6 year lag between the occurrence of maximum atmospheric lead in 1972 and peak coral lead in 1978. Smaller lags of 1–2 years occur between the maximum atmospheric radionuclide fallout and peaks in sediment temporal records of 137Cs and Pu. Such lags are consequences of system time averaging (STA) in which atmospherically delivered particle-associated constituents accumulate and mix in a (sedimentary?) reservoir before transferring to permanent sediments and coral. STA model calculations, using time-dependent atmospheric inputs, produced optimized profiles in excellent accord with measured sediment 137Cs, Pu, lead, and coral lead distributions. Derived residence times of these particle tracers (16±1, 15.7±0.7, 19±3, and 16±2 years, respectively) are comparable despite differences in sampling locations, in accumulating media, and in element loading histories and geochemical properties. For a 16 year weighted mean residence time, STA generates the observed 6 year lead peak lag. Evidently, significant levels of nondegradable, particle-associated contaminants can persist in Florida Bay for many decades following elimination of external inputs. Present results, in combination with STA model analysis of previously reported radionuclide profiles, suggest that decade-scale time averaging may occur widely in recent coastal marine sedimentary environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/1999JC000271","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Robbins, J.A., Holmes, C., Halley, R., Bothner, M., Shinn, E., Graney, J., Keeler, G., TenBrink, M., Orlandini, K., and Rudnick, D., 2000, Time-averaged fluxes of lead and fallout radionuclides to sediments in Florida Bay: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 105, no. C12, p. 28805-28821, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC000271.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"28805","endPage":"28821","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 24.156778233303413\n ],\n [\n -79.837646484375,\n 24.156778233303413\n ],\n [\n -79.837646484375,\n 25.710836919640595\n ],\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 25.710836919640595\n ],\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 24.156778233303413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"C12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3b6e4b08c986b325f74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, J. A.","contributorId":41843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbins","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, C.","contributorId":33067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halley, R.","contributorId":53552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shinn, E.","contributorId":56824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Graney, J.","contributorId":63560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graney","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Keeler, G.","contributorId":73772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeler","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"TenBrink, M.","contributorId":77320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"TenBrink","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Orlandini, K.A.","contributorId":7434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlandini","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rudnick, D.","contributorId":23710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudnick","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70022569,"text":"70022569 - 2000 - A model for the magmatic-hydrothermal system at Mount Rainier, Washington, from seismic and geochemical observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-13T14:01:47.423144","indexId":"70022569","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for the magmatic-hydrothermal system at Mount Rainier, Washington, from seismic and geochemical observations","docAbstract":"Mount Rainier is one of the most seismically active volcanoes in the Cascade Range, with an average of one to two high-frequency volcano-tectonic (or VT) earthquakes occurring directly beneath the summit in a given month. Despite this level of seismicity, little is known about its cause. The VT earthquakes occur at a steady rate in several clusters below the inferred base of the Quaternary volcanic edifice. More than half of 18 focal mechanisms determined for these events are normal, and most stress axes deviate significantly from the regional stress field. We argue that these characteristics are most consistent with earthquakes in response to processes associated with circulation of fluids and magmatic gases within and below the base of the edifice.Circulation of these fluids and gases has weakened rock and reduced effective stress to the point that gravity-induced brittle fracture, due to the weight of the overlying edifice, can occur. Results from seismic tomography and rock, water, and gas geochemistry studies support this interpretation. We combine constraints from these studies into a model for the magmatic system that includes a large volume of hot rock (temperatures greater than the brittle–ductile transition) with small pockets of melt and/or hot fluids at depths of 8–18 km below the summit. We infer that fluids and heat from this volume reach the edifice via a narrow conduit, resulting in fumarolic activity at the summit, hydrothermal alteration of the edifice, and seismicity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/PL00008909","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Moran, S., Zimbelman, D.R., and Malone, S.D., 2000, A model for the magmatic-hydrothermal system at Mount Rainier, Washington, from seismic and geochemical observations: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 61, no. 7, p. 425-436, https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00008909.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"436","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.74705505371094,\n 46.793948571014326\n ],\n [\n -121.69933319091795,\n 46.80076450318144\n ],\n [\n -121.68766021728516,\n 46.81016437224757\n ],\n [\n -121.64920806884764,\n 46.82872428833321\n ],\n [\n -121.6574478149414,\n 46.849156277107134\n ],\n [\n -121.66088104248047,\n 46.85831292242506\n ],\n [\n -121.67255401611328,\n 46.886242780405766\n ],\n [\n -121.67907714843751,\n 46.889293060706166\n ],\n [\n -121.73194885253906,\n 46.922834696057336\n ],\n [\n -121.79477691650389,\n 46.95002787823716\n ],\n [\n -121.81812286376953,\n 46.91181283760963\n ],\n [\n -121.83185577392578,\n 46.894923891703606\n ],\n [\n -121.8335723876953,\n 46.880376369216975\n ],\n [\n -121.84009552001952,\n 46.85549565938302\n ],\n [\n -121.84833526611328,\n 46.845868895404294\n ],\n [\n -121.84043884277344,\n 46.829194076477336\n ],\n [\n -121.80816650390625,\n 46.799824425936094\n ],\n [\n -121.74705505371094,\n 46.793948571014326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e47ce4b0c8380cd46666","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, S.C. 0000-0001-7308-9649","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":78896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimbelman, D. R.","contributorId":43768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malone, S. D.","contributorId":48310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022570,"text":"70022570 - 2000 - From safe yield to sustainable development of water resources - The Kansas experience","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022570","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From safe yield to sustainable development of water resources - The Kansas experience","docAbstract":"This paper presents a synthesis of water sustainability issues from the hydrologic perspective. It shows that safe yield is a flawed concept and that sustainability is an idea that is broadly used but perhaps not well understood. In general, the sustainable yield of an aquifer must be considerably less than recharge if adequate amounts of water are to be available to sustain both the quantity and quality of streams, springs, wetlands, and ground-water-dependent ecosystems. To ensure sustainability, it is imperative that water limits be established based on hydrologic principles of mass balance. To establish water-use policies and planning horizons, the transition curves of aquifer systems from ground-water storage depletion to induced recharge of surface water need to be developed. Present-day numerical models are capable of generating such transition curves. Several idealized examples of aquifer systems show how this could be done. Because of the complexity of natural systems and the uncertainties in characterizing them, the current philosophy underlying sustainable management of water resources is based on the interconnected systems approach and on adaptive management. Examples of water-resources management from Kansas illustrate some of these concepts in a real-world setting. Some of the hallmarks of Kansas water management are the formation of local ground-water management districts, the adoption of minimum streamflow standards, the use of modified safe-yield policies in some districts, the implementation of integrated resource planning by the City of Wichita, and the subbasin water-resources management program in potential problem areas. These are all appropriate steps toward sustainable development. The Kansas examples show that local decision-making is the best way to fully account for local variability in water management. However, it is imperative that public education and involvement be encouraged, so that system complexities and constraints are better understood and overly simplistic solutions avoided. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.This paper presents a synthesis of water sustainability issues from the hydrologic perspective. It shows that safe yield is a flawed concept and that sustainability is an idea that is broadly used but perhaps not well understood. In general, the sustainable yield of an aquifer must be considerably less than recharge if adequate amounts of water are to be available to sustain both the quantity and quality of streams, springs, wetlands, and ground-water-dependent ecosystems. To ensure sustainability, it is imperative that water limits be established based on hydrologic principles of mass balance. To establish water-use policies and planning horizons, the transition curves of aquifer systems from ground-water storage depletion to induced recharge of surface water need to be developed. Present-day numerical models are capable of generating such transition curves. Several idealized examples of aquifer systems show how this could be done. Because of the complexity of natural systems and the uncertainties in characterizing them, the current philosophy underlying sustainable management of water resources is based on the interconnected systems approach and on adaptive management. Examples of water-resources management from Kansas illustrate some of these concepts in a real-world setting. Some of the hallmarks of Kansas water management are the formation of local ground-water management districts, the adoption of minimum streamflow standards, the use of modified safe-yield policies in some districts, the implementation of integrated resource planning by the City of Wichita, and the subbasin water-resources management program in potential problem areas. These are all appropriate steps toward sustainable development. The Kansas examples show that local decision-making is the best way to fully account for local variability in water management. However, it is imperative that public education and involv","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00263-8","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sophocleous, M., 2000, From safe yield to sustainable development of water resources - The Kansas experience: Journal of Hydrology, v. 235, no. 1-2, p. 27-43, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00263-8.","startPage":"27","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206796,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00263-8"},{"id":230806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"235","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13fbe4b0c8380cd54861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022174,"text":"70022174 - 2000 - Landscape-based spatially explicit species index models for everglades restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:13:20.824443","indexId":"70022174","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape-based spatially explicit species index models for everglades restoration","docAbstract":"As part of the effort to restore the ∼10 000-km2 Everglades drainage in southern Florida, USA, we developed spatially explicit species index (SESI) models of a number of species and species groups. In this paper we describe the methodology and results of three such models: those for the Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow and the Snail Kite, and the species group model of long-legged wading birds. SESI models are designed to produce relative comparisons of one management alternative to a base scenario or to another alternative. The model outputs do not provide an exact quantitative prediction of future biotic group responses, but rather, when applying the same input data and different hydrologic plans, the models provide the best available means to compare the relative response of the biotic groups. We compared four alternative hydrologic management scenarios to a base scenario (i.e., predicted conditions assuming that current water management practices continue). We ranked the results of the comparisons for each set of models. No one scenario was beneficial to all species; however, they provide a uniform assessment, based on the best available observational information, of relative species responses to alternative water-management plans. As such, these models were used extensively in the restoration planning.
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L.","contributorId":97845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curnutt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Comiskey, J.","contributorId":54758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comiskey","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nott, M.P.","contributorId":78677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nott","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gross, L.J.","contributorId":65030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022173,"text":"70022173 - 2000 - Sensitivity of species habitat-relationship model performance to factors of scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:22:51.409561","indexId":"70022173","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of species habitat-relationship model performance to factors of scale","docAbstract":"Researchers have come to different conclusions about the usefulness of habitat-relationship models for predicting species presence or absence. This difference frequently stems from a failure to recognize the effects of spatial scales at which the models are applied. We examined the effects of model complexity, spatial data resolution, and scale of application on the performance of bird habitat relationship (BHR) models on the Craig Mountain Wildlife Management Area and on the Idaho portion of the U.S. Forest Service's Northern Region. We constructed and tested BHR models for 60 bird species detected on the study areas. The models varied by three levels of complexity (amount of habitat information) and three spatial data resolutions (0.09 ha, 4 ha, 10 ha). We tested these models at two levels of analysis: the site level (a homogeneous area <0.5 ha) and cover-type level (an aggregation of many similar sites of a similar land-cover type), using correspondence between model predictions and species detections to calculate kappa coefficients of agreement. Model performance initially increased as models became more complex until a point was reached where omission errors increased at a rate greater than the rate at which commission errors were decreasing. Heterogeneity of the study areas appeared to influence the effect of model complexity. Changes in model complexity resulted in a greater decrease in commission error than increase in omission error. The effect of Spatial data resolution on the performance of BHR models was influenced by the variability of the study area. BHR models performed better at cover-type levels of analysis than at the site level for both study areas. Correct-presence estimates (1 - minus percentage omission error) decreased slightly as number of species detections increased on each study area. Correct-absence estimates (1 - percentage commission error) increased as number of species detections increased on each study area. This suggests that a large number of detections may be necessary to achieve reliable estimates of model accuracy.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1690:SOSHRM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Karl, J., Heglund, P., Garton, E., Scott, J.M., Wright, N., and Hutto, R., 2000, Sensitivity of species habitat-relationship model performance to factors of scale: Ecological Applications, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1690-1705, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1690:SOSHRM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1690","endPage":"1705","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Craig Mountain Wildlife Management Area, U.S. Forest Service's Northern Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.96594238281249,\n 46.08085173686784\n ],\n [\n -116.73316955566405,\n 46.08085173686784\n ],\n [\n -116.73316955566405,\n 46.17555135819994\n ],\n [\n -116.96594238281249,\n 46.17555135819994\n ],\n [\n -116.96594238281249,\n 46.08085173686784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 46.41513877649199\n ],\n [\n -114.312744140625,\n 46.475699386607516\n ],\n [\n -114.268798828125,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -114.36767578124999,\n 46.694667307773116\n ],\n [\n -114.576416015625,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -115.30151367187501,\n 47.27177506640828\n ],\n [\n -115.49926757812499,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -115.631103515625,\n 47.60616304386874\n ],\n [\n -116.04858398437499,\n 48.026672195436014\n ],\n [\n -116.026611328125,\n 49.01625665778159\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 46.41513877649199\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d34e4b08c986b3182d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karl, J.W.","contributorId":63978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heglund, P.J.","contributorId":44505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heglund","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garton, E.O.","contributorId":17945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garton","given":"E.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, N.M.","contributorId":72149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hutto, R.L.","contributorId":29347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutto","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}