A bioenergetics model was developed and corroborated for northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis, an important predator on juvenile salmonids in the Pacific Northwest. Predictions of modeled predation rate on salmonids were compared with field data from three areas of John Day Reservoir (Columbia River). To make bioenergetics model estimates of predation rate, three methods were used to approximate the change in mass of average predators during 30-d growth periods: observed change in mass between the first and the second month, predicted change in mass calculated with seasonal growth rates, and predicted change in mass based on an annual growth model. For all reservoir areas combined, bioenergetics model predictions of predation on salmon were 19% lower than field estimates based on observed masses, 45% lower than estimates based on seasonal growth rates, and 15% lower than estimates based on the annual growth model. For each growth approach, the largest differences in field-versus-model predation occurred at the midreservoir area (-84% to -67% difference). Model predictions of the rate of predation on salmonids were examined for sensitivity to parameter variation, swimming speed, sampling bias caused by gear selectivity, and asymmetric size distributions of predators. The specific daily growth rate of northern pikeminnow predicted by the model was highest in July and October and decreased during August. The bioenergetics model for northern pikeminnow performed well compared with models for other fish species that have been tested with field data. This model should be a useful tool for evaluating management actions such as predator removal, examining the influence of temperature on predation rates, and exploring interactions between predators in the Columbia River basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0784:DACOAB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., and Ward, D., 1999, Development and corroboration of a bioenergetics model for northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) feeding on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 5, p. 784-801, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0784:DACOAB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"784","endPage":"801","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, John Day Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.14599609375001,\n 45.56021795715051\n ],\n [\n -122.14599609375001,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -119.564208984375,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -119.564208984375,\n 45.56021795715051\n ],\n [\n -122.14599609375001,\n 45.56021795715051\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"128","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a001ee4b0c8380cd4f5cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, D.L.","contributorId":49135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021238,"text":"70021238 - 1999 - Applied historical ecology: Using the past to manage for the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T13:42:56","indexId":"70021238","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applied historical ecology: Using the past to manage for the future","docAbstract":"Applied historical ecology is the use of historical knowledge in the management of ecosystems. Historical perspectives increase our understanding of the dynamic nature of landscapes and provide a frame of reference for assessing modern patterns and processes. Historical records, however, are often too brief or fragmentary to be useful, or they are not obtainable for the process or structure of interest. Even where long historical time series can be assembled, selection of appropriate reference conditions may be complicated by the past influence of humans and the many potential reference conditions encompassed by nonequilibrium dynamics. These complications, however, do not lessen the value of history; rather they underscore the need for multiple, comparative histories from many locations for evaluating both cultural and natural causes of variability, as well as for characterizing the overall dynamical properties of ecosystems. Historical knowledge may not simplify the task of setting management goals and making decisions, but 20th century trends, such as increasingly severe wildfires, suggest that disregarding history can be perilous. We describe examples from our research in the southwestern United States to illustrate some of the values and limitations of applied historical ecology. Paleoecological data from packrat middens and other natural archives have been useful for defining baseline conditions of vegetation communities, determining histories and rates of species range expansions and contractions, and discriminating between natural and cultural causes of environmental change. We describe a montane grassland restoration project in northern New Mexico that was justified and guided by an historical sequence of aerial photographs showing progressive tree invasion during the 20th century. Likewise, fire scar chronologies have been widely used to justify and guide fuel reduction and natural five reintroduction in forests. A southwestern network of fire histories illustrates the power of aggregating historical time series across spatial scales. Regional fire patterns evident in these aggregations point to the key role of interannual lags in responses of fuels and fire regimes to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (wet/dry cycles), with important implications for long-range fire hazard forecasting. These examples of applied historical ecology emphasize that detection and explanation of historical trends and variability are essential to informed management.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[1189:AHEUTP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Swetnam, T.W., Allen, C.D., and Betancourt, J.L., 1999, Applied historical ecology: Using the past to manage for the future: Ecological Applications, v. 9, no. 4, p. 1189-1206, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[1189:AHEUTP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1189","endPage":"1206","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350525,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70194846","text":"USGS Publications Warehouse citation page for republication","linkHelpText":"This article was republished in the book Wildfire: A century of failed forest policy (Island Press, 2006)"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eccde4b0c8380cd494d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swetnam, Thomas W.","contributorId":191872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swetnam","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021236,"text":"70021236 - 1999 - Age and thermal history of the Geysers plutonic complex (felsite unit), Geysers geothermal field, California: A 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021236","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and thermal history of the Geysers plutonic complex (felsite unit), Geysers geothermal field, California: A 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb study","docAbstract":"Sixty-nine ion microprobe spot analyses of zircons from four granite samples from the plutonic complex that underlies the Geysers geothermal field yield 207Pb/206Pb vs. 238U/206Pb concordia ages ranging from 1.13 ?? 0.04 Ma to 1.25 ?? 0.04 (1??) Ma. The weighted mean of the U/Pb model ages is 1.18 ?? 0.03 Ma. The U-Pb ages coincide closely with 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum plateau and 'terminal' ages from coexisting K-feldspars and with the eruption ages of overlying volcanic rocks. The data indicate that the granite crystallized at 1.18 Ma and had cooled below 350??C by ~0.9-1.0 Ma. Interpretation of the feldspar 40Ar/39Ar age data using multi-diffusion domain theory indicates that post-emplacement rapid cooling was succeeded either by slower cooling from 350??to 300??C between 1.0 and 0.4 Ma or transitory reheating to 300-350??C at about 0.4-0.6 Ma. Subsequent rapid cooling to below 260??C between 0.4 and 0.2 Ma is in agreement with previous proposals that vapor-dominated conditions were initiated within the hydrothermal system at this time. Heat flow calculations constrained with K-feldspar thermal histories and the present elevated regional heat flow anomaly demonstrate that appreciable heat input from sources external to the known Geysers plutonic complex is required to maintain the geothermal system. This requirement is satisfied by either a large, underlying, convecting magma chamber (now solidified) emplaced at 1.2 Ma or episodic intrusion of smaller bodies from 1.2 to 0.6 Ma.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00223-X","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Dalrymple, G.B., Grove, M., Lovera, O., Harrison, T., Hulen, J.B., and Lanphere, M.A., 1999, Age and thermal history of the Geysers plutonic complex (felsite unit), Geysers geothermal field, California: A 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb study: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 173, no. 3, p. 285-298, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00223-X.","startPage":"285","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00223-X"}],"volume":"173","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8e4e4b0c8380cd47f55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalrymple, G. B.","contributorId":10407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grove, M.","contributorId":65271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovera, O.M.","contributorId":37212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovera","given":"O.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrison, T.M.","contributorId":60788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hulen, J. B.","contributorId":44183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70021233,"text":"70021233 - 1999 - Importance of microscopy in durability studies of solidified and stabilized contaminated soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-25T19:44:10.290872","indexId":"70021233","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of microscopy in durability studies of solidified and stabilized contaminated soils","docAbstract":"Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is recognized by the U.S. EPA as a best demonstrated available technology for the containment of contaminated soils and other hazardous wastes that cannot be destroyed by chemical, thermal, or biological means. Despite the increased use of S/S technologies, little research has been conducted on the weathering and degradation of solidified and stabilized wastes once the treated materials have been buried. Published data to verify the performance and durability of landfilled treated wastes over time are rare. In this preliminary study, optical and electron microscopy (scanning electron microscopy [SEM], transmission electron microscopy [TEM] and electron probe microanalyses [EPMA]) were used to evaluate weathering features associated with metal-bearing contaminated soil that had been solidified and stabilized with Portland cement and subsequently buried on site, stored outdoors aboveground, or achieved in a laboratory warehouse for up to 6 yr. Physical and chemical alteration processes identified include: freeze-thaw cracking, cracking caused by the formation of expansive minerals such as ettringite, carbonation, and the movement of metals from waste aggregates into the cement micromass. Although the extent of degradation after 6 yr is considered slight to moderate, results of this study show that the same environmental concerns that affect the durability of concrete must be considered when evaluating the durability and permanence of the solidification and stabilization of contaminated soils with cement. In addition, such evaluations cannot be based on leaching and chemical analyses alone. The use of all levels of microscopic analyses must be incorporated into studies of the long-term performance of S/S technologies.Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is recognized by the U.S. EPA as a best demonstrated available technology for the containment of contaminated soils and other hazardous wastes that cannot be destroyed by chemical, thermal, or biological means. Despite the increased use of S/S technologies, little research has been conducted on the weathering and degradation of solidified and stabilized wastes once the treated materials have been buried. Published data to verify the performance and durability of landfilled treated wastes over time are rare. In this preliminary study, optical and electron microscopy (scanning electron microscopy [SEM], transmission electron microscopy [TEM] and electron probe microanalyses [EPMA]) were used to evaluate weathering features associated with metal-bearing contaminated soil that had been solidified and stabilized with Portland cement and subsequently buried on site, stored outdoors aboveground, or archived in a laboratory, warehouse for up to 6 yr. Physical and chemical alteration processes identified include: freeze-thaw cracking, cracking caused by the formation of expansive minerals such as ettringite, carbonation, and the movement of metals from waste aggregates into the cement micromass. Although the extent of degradation after 6 yr is considered slight to moderate, results of this study show that the same environmental concerns that affect the durability of concrete must be considered when evaluating the durability and permanence of the solidification and stabilization of contaminated soils with cement. In addition, such evaluations cannot be based on leaching and chemical analyses alone. The use of all levels of microscopic analyses must be incorporated into studies of the long-term performance of S/S technologies.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1999.6351274x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Klich, I., Wilding, L., Drees, L., and Landa, E.R., 1999, Importance of microscopy in durability studies of solidified and stabilized contaminated soils: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 63, no. 5, p. 1274-1283, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.6351274x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1274","endPage":"1283","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a393de4b0c8380cd61863","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klich, I.","contributorId":68911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klich","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilding, L.P.","contributorId":74534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilding","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drees, L.R.","contributorId":101833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drees","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021227,"text":"70021227 - 1999 - Dipping San Andreas and Hayward faults revealed beneath San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T14:27:14.760345","indexId":"70021227","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dipping San Andreas and Hayward faults revealed beneath San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"The San Francisco Bay area is crossed by several right-lateral strike-slip faults of the San Andreas fault zone. Fault-plane reflections reveal that two of these faults, the San Andreas and Hayward, dip toward each other below seismogenic depths at 60° and 70°, respectively, and persist to the base of the crust. Previously, a horizontal detachment linking the two faults in the lower crust beneath San Francisco Bay was proposed. The only near-vertical-incidence reflection data available prior to the most recent experiment in 1997 were recorded parallel to the major fault structures. When the new reflection data recorded orthogonal to the faults are compared with the older data, the highest amplitude reflections show clear variations in moveout with recording azimuth. In addition, reflection times consistently increase with distance from the faults. If the reflectors were horizontal, reflection moveout would be independent of azimuth, and reflection times would be independent of distance from the faults. The best-fit solution from three-dimensional traveltime modeling is a pair of high-angle dipping surfaces. The close correspondence of these dipping structures with the San Andreas and Hayward faults leads us to conclude that they are the faults beneath seismogenic depths. If the faults retain their observed dips, they would converge into a single zone in the upper mantle ∼45 km beneath the surface, although we can only observe them in the crust.
Anecdotal data gathered from many populations suggest that southern flying squirrel (SFS, Glaucomys volans) use of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker's (RCW, Picoides borealis) nest and roost cavities may negatively affect RCW populations. We conducted a controlled experiment to determine the effects of SFSs on RCW reproductive success. During the 1994 and 1995 breeding seasons, SFSs were removed from 30 RCW clusters and 32 clusters served as controls. SFSs were the most frequently encountered occupants of RCW cavities and used 20–33% of RCW cavities in control and treatment clusters over both years. Treatment groups produced significantly more successful nests (≥ 1 fledgling) than control groups in 1994. In 1995 however, there was no difference in the number of successful nests. In both years, RCW groups nesting in treatment clusters produced significantly more fledglings than groups in control clusters in each of four experimental areas, averaging approximately 0.7 additional fledglings per nesting group. Loss of entire clutches or broods, possibly as a result of predation or abandonment, was a major factor limiting reproduction in control groups in 1994. In contrast, differences in partial brood loss appeared to be the cause of differential fledging success in 1995. Usurpation of RCW roost cavities by SFSs may have placed greater energetic demands on RCWs for cavity defence or thermoregulation, thus reducing energy available for reproduction. Our results show that SFS use of RCW cavities during the breeding season has a significant impact on RCWs and that management of RCW populations should include activities that either minimize SFS populations in RCW clusters or limit access of SFSs to RCW cavities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Zoological Society of London","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00076.x","usgsCitation":"Laves, K.S., and Loeb, S.C., 1999, Effects of southern flying squirrels Glaucomys volans on red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis reproductive success: Animal Conservation, v. 2, no. 4, p. 295-303, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00076.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230178,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07d4e4b0c8380cd51866","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laves, K. S.","contributorId":94456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laves","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loeb, Susan C.","contributorId":138944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loeb","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6762,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, La Grande, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":389137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021225,"text":"70021225 - 1999 - Comparison of temporal trends in ambient and compliance trace element and PCB data in pool 2 of the Mississippi River, USA, 1985-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T10:27:48","indexId":"70021225","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of temporal trends in ambient and compliance trace element and PCB data in pool 2 of the Mississippi River, USA, 1985-1995","docAbstract":"The Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring has suggested studies on ambient (in-stream) and compliance (wastewater) data to determine if monitoring can be reduced locally or nationally. The similarity in temporal trends between retrospective ambient and compliance water-quality data collected from Pool 2 of the Mississippi River, USA, was determined for 1985–1995. Constituents studied included the following trace elements: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), hexavalent chromium (Cr61), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Water-column, bed-sediment, and fish-tissue (fillets) data collected by five government agencies comprised the ambient data set; effluent data from five registered facilities comprised the compliance data set. The nonparametric MannKendall trend test indicated that 33% of temporal trends in all data were statistically significant (P , 0.05). Possible reasons for this were low sample sizes, and a high percentage of samples below the analytical detection limit. Trends in compliance data were more distinct; most trace elements decreased significantly, probably due to improvements in wastewater treatment. Seven trace elements (Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, and Zn) had statistically significant decreases in wastewater and portions of either or both ambient water and bed sediment. No trends were found in fish tissue. Inconsistency in trends between ambient and compliance data were often found for individual constituents, making overall similarity between the data sets difficult to determine. Logistical differences in monitoring programs, such as varying field and laboratory methods among agencies, made it difficult to assess ambient temporal trends.
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Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"PNW-GTR-455","title":"Assessing the effects of fire disturbances on ecosystems: A scientific agenda for research and management","docAbstract":"A team of fire scientists and resource managers convened 17-19 April 1996 in Seattle, Washington, to assess the effects of fire disturbance on ecosystems. Objectives of this workshop were to develop scientific recommendations for future fire research and management activities. These recommendations included a series of numerically ranked scientific and managerial questions and responses focusing on (1) links among fire effects, fuels, and climate; (2) fire as a large-scale disturbance; (3) fire-effects modeling structures; and (4) managerial concerns, applications, and decision support. At the present time, understanding of fire effects and the ability to extrapolate fire effects knowledge to large spatial scales are limited, because most data have been collected at small spatial scales for specific applications. Although we clearly need more large-scale fire-effects data, it will be more expedient to concentrate efforts on improving and linking existing models that simulate fire effects in a georeferenced format while integrating empirical data as they become available. A significant component of this effort should be improved communication between modelers and managers to develop modeling tools to use in a planning context. Another component of this modeling effort should improve our ability to predict the interactions of fire and potential climatic change at very large spatial scales. The priority issues and approaches described here provide a template for fire science and fire management programs in the next decade and beyond.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Forest Service","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-455","usgsCitation":"Schmoldt, D.L., Peterson, D.L., Keane, R.E., Lenihan, J.M., McKenzie, D., Weise, D.R., and Sandberg, D.V., 1999, Assessing the effects of fire disturbances on ecosystems: A scientific agenda for research and management: General Technical Report PNW-GTR-455, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-455.","productDescription":"104 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230099,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede8e4b0c8380cd49ac6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmoldt, D. L.","contributorId":79077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmoldt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, David L. davep@usgs.gov","contributorId":292421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"davep@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keane, Robert E.","contributorId":73930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keane","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lenihan, J. M.","contributorId":44043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lenihan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKenzie, D.","contributorId":34093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weise, David R.","contributorId":15138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weise","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sandberg, D. V.","contributorId":36339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandberg","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70021218,"text":"70021218 - 1999 - Robowell: An automated process for monitoring ground water quality using established sampling protocols","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T08:14:31","indexId":"70021218","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Robowell: An automated process for monitoring ground water quality using established sampling protocols","docAbstract":"Robowell is an automated process for monitoring selected ground water quality properties and constituents by pumping a well or multilevel sampler. Robowell was developed and tested to provide a cost-effective monitoring system that meets protocols expected for manual sampling. The process uses commercially available electronics, instrumentation, and hardware, so it can be configured to monitor ground water quality using the equipment, purge protocol, and monitoring well design most appropriate for the monitoring site and the contaminants of interest. A Robowell prototype was installed on a sewage treatment plant infiltration bed that overlies a well-studied unconfined sand and gravel aquifer at the Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, during a time when two distinct plumes of constituents were released. The prototype was operated from May 10 to November 13, 1996, and quality-assurance/quality-control measurements demonstrated that the data obtained by the automated method was equivalent to data obtained by manual sampling methods using the same sampling protocols. Water level, specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved ammonium were monitored by the prototype as the wells were purged according to U.S Geological Survey (USGS) ground water sampling protocols. Remote access to the data record, via phone modem communications, indicated the arrival of each plume over a few days and the subsequent geochemical reactions over the following weeks. Real-time availability of the monitoring record provided the information needed to initiate manual sampling efforts in response to changes in measured ground water quality, which proved the method and characterized the screened portion of the plume in detail through time. The methods and the case study described are presented to document the process for future use.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00243.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Granato, G., and Smith, K., 1999, Robowell: An automated process for monitoring ground water quality using established sampling protocols: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 19, no. 4, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00243.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaddbe4b0c8380cd86faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granato, G.E.","contributorId":61457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"G.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, K.P.","contributorId":54231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021215,"text":"70021215 - 1999 - Habitat associations of migrating and overwintering grassland birds in southern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T00:19:37.403923","indexId":"70021215","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat associations of migrating and overwintering grassland birds in southern Texas","docAbstract":"We report on the habitat associations of 21 species of grassland birds overwintering in or migrating through southern Texas, during 1991-1992 and 1992-1993. Ninety percent of our grassland bird observations were made during winter and spring, and only 10% occurred during fall. Grassland species made up a high proportion of the total bird densities in grassland and shrub-grassland habitats, but much lower proportions in the habitats with more woody vegetation. Fewer grassland species were observed in grassland and woodland than in brushland, parkland, and shrub-grassland habitats. Grassland birds generally were found in higher densities in habitats that had woody canopy coverage of < 30%; densities of grassland birds were highest in shrub-grassland habitat and lowest in woodland habitat. Species that are grassland specialists on their breeding grounds tended to be more habitat specific during the nonbreeding season compared to shrub-grassland specialists, which were more general in their nonbreeding-habitat usage. Nonetheless, our data demonstrate that grassland birds occur in a variety of habitats during the nonbreeding season and seem to occupy a broader range of habitats than previously described.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1370064","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Igl, L., and Ballard, B., 1999, Habitat associations of migrating and overwintering grassland birds in southern Texas: Condor, v. 101, no. 4, p. 771-782, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370064.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"782","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489793,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1370064","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2efbe4b0c8380cd5c9aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, L.D. 0000-0003-0530-7266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":13568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballard, B.M.","contributorId":95028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021207,"text":"70021207 - 1999 - Complex effusive events at Kilauea as documented by the GOES satellite and remote video cameras","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021207","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex effusive events at Kilauea as documented by the GOES satellite and remote video cameras","docAbstract":"GOES provides thermal data for all of the Hawaiian volcanoes once every 15 min. We show how volcanic radiance time series produced from this data stream can be used as a simple measure of effusive activity. Two types of radiance trends in these time series can be used to monitor effusive activity: (a) Gradual variations in radiance reveal steady flow-field extension and tube development. (b) Discrete spikes correlate with short bursts of activity, such as lava fountaining or lava-lake overflows. We are confident that any effusive event covering more than 10,000 m2 of ground in less than 60 min will be unambiguously detectable using this approach. We demonstrate this capability using GOES, video camera and ground-based observational data for the current eruption of Kilauea volcano (Hawai'i). A GOES radiance time series was constructed from 3987 images between 19 June and 12 August 1997. This time series displayed 24 radiance spikes elevated more than two standard deviations above the mean; 19 of these are correlated with video-recorded short-burst effusive events. Less ambiguous events are interpreted, assessed and related to specific volcanic events by simultaneous use of permanently recording video camera data and ground-observer reports. The GOES radiance time series are automatically processed on data reception and made available in near-real-time, so such time series can contribute to three main monitoring functions: (a) automatically alerting major effusive events; (b) event confirmation and assessment; and (c) establishing effusive event chronology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s004450050280","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Harris, A., and Thornber, C., 1999, Complex effusive events at Kilauea as documented by the GOES satellite and remote video cameras: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 61, no. 6, p. 382-395, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450050280.","startPage":"382","endPage":"395","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206465,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450050280"},{"id":229858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f90de4b0c8380cd4d3de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, A.J.L.","contributorId":82878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A.J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thornber, C.R.","contributorId":69302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021203,"text":"70021203 - 1999 - Brucellosis in Yellowstone National Park bison: Quantitative serology and infection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-30T11:15:51.95699","indexId":"70021203","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brucellosis in Yellowstone National Park bison: Quantitative serology and infection","docAbstract":"We collected complete sets of tissues, fluids, and swabs (approx 30) from 37 Yellowstone National Park (YNP) female bison (Bison bison) killed as a result of management actions by the Montana Department of Livestock and YNP personnel. Our goal was to establish the relation between blood tests demonstrating an animal has antibody to Brucella and the potential of that animal to be infected during the second trimester of pregnancy, the time when most management actions are taken. Twenty-eight of the 37 bison were seropositive adults (27) or a seropositive calf (1). We cultured samples using macerated whole tissues plated onto 4 Brucella-selective media and incubated with added CO2 for 1 week. Specimens from 2 adult seropositive females were contaminated, thus eliminating them from our data. Twelve of the remaining 26 seropositive adult and calf female bison (46%) were culture positive for Brucella abortus from 1 or more tissues. Culture positive adult females had high serologic titers. All 11 adults measured <0.115 on the Particle Concentration Fluorescence Immunoassay (PCFIA), and 9 (82%) were <0.085. Complement fixation (CF) titers were >3+ at 1:40 for 10 of 11 (91%) animals. All culture positive female adults had either a PCFIA ???0.080 or a CF reaction ???4+ at 1:80. However 5 (36%) bison with high titers were culture negative for B. abortus. Our findings on the relation between Brucella serology and culture are similar to those reported from studies of chronically infected cattle herds.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802831","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Roffe, T., Rhyan, J.C., Aune, K., Philo, L., Ewalt, D., Gidlewski, T., and Hennager, S., 1999, Brucellosis in Yellowstone National Park bison: Quantitative serology and infection: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 63, no. 4, p. 1132-1137, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802831.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1132","endPage":"1137","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f291e4b0c8380cd4b25a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roffe, T.J.","contributorId":22279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffe","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rhyan, Jack C.","contributorId":11185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhyan","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aune, K.","contributorId":64419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aune","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Philo, L.M.","contributorId":95642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philo","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ewalt, D.R.","contributorId":23297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewalt","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gidlewski, T.","contributorId":53550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gidlewski","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hennager, S.G.","contributorId":38309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hennager","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70021198,"text":"70021198 - 1999 - Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of the Hawaiian spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T09:21:36","indexId":"70021198","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of the Hawaiian spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus)","docAbstract":"Data on the nutritional status of spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus) were collected on the commercial trapping grounds of Necker Bank, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, in the summers of 1991, 1994, and 1995. Glycogen levels measured in abdominal tissue of intermolt males were used as an index of nutritional health of the field population. The range of glycogen sampled from wild lobster was less than half the level measured in captive lobster fed to satiation in a previous study. An analysis of covariance identified significant interannual and spatial effects explaining 46% of the variance in the sample of wild lobsters. Most significant was a decline in lobster glycogen levels between samples collected in 1991 and 1994-1995. Seasonal influences on lobster nutrition are unknown and were identified as an obvious direction for future ecological research.
","language":"English","publisher":" University of Hawai'i Press","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Parrish, F., and Martinelli-Liedtke, T.L., 1999, Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of the Hawaiian spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus): Pacific Science, v. 53, no. 4, p. 361-366.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"366","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314724,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/708"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Necker Bank, Necker Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -181.23046875,\n 17.769612247142653\n ],\n [\n -181.23046875,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -152.4462890625,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -152.4462890625,\n 17.769612247142653\n ],\n [\n -181.23046875,\n 17.769612247142653\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92d8e4b08c986b31a148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrish, F.A.","contributorId":39151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinelli-Liedtke, T. L.","contributorId":36704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinelli-Liedtke","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021181,"text":"70021181 - 1999 - An integrated environmental assessment of the US mid-atlantic region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T12:41:59","indexId":"70021181","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated environmental assessment of the US mid-atlantic region","docAbstract":"Many of today's environmental problems are regional in scope and their effects overlap and interact. We developed a simple method to provide an integrated assessment of environmental conditions and estimate cumulative impacts across a large region, by combining data on land-cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution, and topography. The integrated assessment technique identified nine distinct groups of watersheds. Relative cumulative impact scores were highest around major urban centers, but there was not a simple or predictable spatial pattern overall. We also point out the potential applications of this approach that include distinguishing between areas in relatively poor versus good condition, identifying areas that may be more vulnerable to future environmental degradation, and identifying areas for restoration.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002679900254","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Wickham, J.D., Jones, K.B., Riitters, K.H., O’Neill, R.V., Tankersley, R., Smith, E.R., Neale, A., and Chaloud, D., 1999, An integrated environmental assessment of the US mid-atlantic region: Environmental Management, v. 24, no. 4, p. 553-560, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679900254.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"560","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea7fe4b0c8380cd488de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wickham, James D.","contributorId":72278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickham","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":388952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, K. Bruce","contributorId":66105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riitters, Kurt H. 0000-0003-3901-4453","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-4453","contributorId":139788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riitters","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":388953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neill, Robert V.","contributorId":138509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Neill","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":388957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tankersley, R.D.","contributorId":92454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tankersley","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Elizabeth R.","contributorId":76023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Neale, Anne","contributorId":43275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neale","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chaloud, D.J.","contributorId":46249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaloud","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70021180,"text":"70021180 - 1999 - Nevada STORMS project: Measurement of mercury emissions from naturally enriched surfaces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-02T16:18:02.03092","indexId":"70021180","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nevada STORMS project: Measurement of mercury emissions from naturally enriched surfaces","docAbstract":"Diffuse anthropogenic and naturally mercury-enriched areas represent long-lived sources of elemental mercury to the atmosphere. The Nevada Study and Tests of the Release of Mercury From Soils (STORMS) project focused on the measurement of mercury emissions from a naturally enriched area. During the project, concurrent measurements of mercury fluxes from naturally mercury-enriched substrate were made September 1–4, 1997, using four micrometeorological methods and seven field flux chambers. Ambient air mercury concentrations ranged from 2 to nearly 200 ng m−3 indicating that the field site is a source of atmospheric mercury. The mean daytime mercury fluxes, during conditions of no precipitation, measured with field chambers were 50 to 360 ng m−2 h−1, and with the micrometeorological methods were 230 to 600 ng m−2 h−1. This wide range in mercury emission rates reflects differences in method experimental designs and local source strengths. Mercury fluxes measured by many field chambers were significantly different (p<0.05) but linearly correlated. This indicates that field chambers responded similarly to environmental conditions, but differences in experimental design and site heterogeneity had a significant influence on the magnitude of mercury fluxes. Data developed during the field study demonstrated that field flux chambers are ideal for assessment of the physicochemical processes driving mercury flux and development of an understanding of the magnitude of the influence of individual factors on flux. In general, mean mercury fluxes measured with micrometeorological methods during daytime periods were nearly 3 times higher than mean fluxes measured with field flux chambers. Micrometeorological methods allow for derivation of a representative mercury flux occurring from an unconstrained system and provide an assessment of the actual magnitude and variability of fluxes occurring from an area.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JD900351","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gustin, M., Lindberg, S., Marsik, F., Casimir, A., Ebinghaus, R., Edwards, G., Hubble-Fitzgerald, C., Kemp, R., Kock, H., Leonard, T., London, J., Majewski, M., Montecinos, C., Owens, J., Pilote, M., Poissant, L., Rasmussen, P., Schaedlich, F., Schneeberger, D., Schroeder, W., Sommar, J., Turner, R., Vette, A., Wallschlaeger, D., Xiao, Z., and Zhang, H., 1999, Nevada STORMS project: Measurement of mercury emissions from naturally enriched surfaces: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 104, no. D17, p. 21831-21844, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900351.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"21831","endPage":"21844","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479568,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jd900351","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230057,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"D17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a650ae4b0c8380cd72ae0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustin, M.S.","contributorId":101837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustin","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, S.","contributorId":71341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marsik, F.","contributorId":14141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsik","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casimir, A.","contributorId":17395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casimir","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ebinghaus, R.","contributorId":95222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebinghaus","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Edwards, G.","contributorId":49139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hubble-Fitzgerald, C.","contributorId":96859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubble-Fitzgerald","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kemp, R.","contributorId":9794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemp","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kock, H.","contributorId":73770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Leonard, T.","contributorId":40750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"London, J.","contributorId":22931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"London","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Majewski, M.","contributorId":16181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Montecinos, C.","contributorId":77690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montecinos","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Owens, J.","contributorId":26471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Pilote, M.","contributorId":83298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilote","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Poissant, L.","contributorId":35493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poissant","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Rasmussen, P.","contributorId":80029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Schaedlich, F.","contributorId":72961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaedlich","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Schneeberger, D.","contributorId":96443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneeberger","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Schroeder, W.","contributorId":26838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Sommar, J.","contributorId":36705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommar","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Turner, R.","contributorId":100142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Vette, A.","contributorId":101407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vette","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Wallschlaeger, D.","contributorId":95646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallschlaeger","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Xiao, Z.","contributorId":70554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Zhang, H.","contributorId":50311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":70021176,"text":"70021176 - 1999 - Fault-slip distribution of the 1995 Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T00:59:33.617181","indexId":"70021176","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault-slip distribution of the 1995 Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, earthquake","docAbstract":"Broadband teleseismic P waves have been analyzed to recover the rupture history of the large (MS 7.4) Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, shallow interplate thrust earthquake of 9 October 1995. Ground-displacement records in the period range of 1-60 sec are inverted using a linear, finite-fault waveform inversion procedure that allows a variable dislocation duration on a prescribed fault. The method is applied using both a narrow fault that simulates a line source with a dislocation window of 50 sec and a wide fault with a possible rise time of up to 20 sec that additionally allows slip updip and downdip from the hypocenter. The line-source analysis provides a spatio-temporal image of the slip distribution consisting of several large sources located northwest of the hypocenter and spanning a range of rupture velocities. The two-dimensional finite-fault inversion allows slip over this rupture-velocity range and indicates that the greatest coseismic displacement (3-4 m) is located between 70 and 130 km from the hypocenter at depths shallower than about 15 km. Slip in this shallow region consists of two major sources, one of which is delayed by about 10 sec relative to a coherent propagation of rupture along the plate interface. These two slip sources account for about one-third of the total P-wave seismic moment of 8.3 × 1027 dyne-cm (Mw 7.9) and may have been responsible for the local tsunami observed along the coast following the earthquake.
The authors present a field study of estuarine turbulence in which profiles of Reynolds stresses were directly measured using an ADCP throughout a 25-h tidal day. The dataset that is discussed quantifies turbulent mixing for a water column in northern San Francisco Bay that experiences a sequence of states that includes a weak ebb and flood that are stratified, followed by a strong, and eventually unstratified, ebb and flood. These measurements show that energetic turbulence is confined to a bottom mixed layer by the overlying stratification. Examination of individual Reynolds stress profiles along with profiles of Richardson number and turbulent Froude number shows that the water column can be divided into regions based on the relative importance of buoyancy effects.
Using the measured turbulence production rate P, the dissipation rate ϵ is estimated. The observed turbulence had values of ϵ/νN2 > 20 all of the time and ϵ/νN2 > 200 most of the time, suggesting that the observed motions were buoyancy affected turbulence rather than internal waves. However, at times, turbulent Froude numbers in much of the upper-water column were less than one, indicating important stratification effects. Taken as a whole, the data show that stratification affects the turbulent velocity variance q2 most severely; that is, observed reductions in are largely associated with small values of q2rather than with a dramatic reduction in the efficiency with which turbulent motions produce momentum fluxes.
Finally, the dataset is compared to predictions made using the popular Mellor–Yamada level 2.5 closure. These comparisons show that the model tends to underestimate the turbulent kinetic energy in regions of strong stratification where the turbulence is strongly inhomogeneous and to overestimate the turbulent kinetic energy in weakly stratified regions. The length scale does not appear to compensate for these errors, and, as a result, similar errors are seen in the eddy viscosity predictions. It is hypothesized that the underestimation of q2 is due to an inaccurate parameterization of turbulence self-transport from the near-bed region to the overlying stratification.
","language":"English","publisher":"AMS","doi":"10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1950:OOTIAP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00223670","usgsCitation":"Stagey, M., Monismith, S., and Burau, J., 1999, Observations of turbulence in a partially stratified estuary: Journal of Physical Oceanography, v. 29, no. 8 PART 2, p. 1950-1970, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1950:OOTIAP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1950","endPage":"1970","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1950:ootiap>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"8 PART 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ac6e4b0c8380cd7434f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stagey, M.T.","contributorId":72963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagey","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021141,"text":"70021141 - 1999 - Seasonal movements, migration, and range sizes of subadult and adult Bamforth Lake California Gulls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70021141","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal movements, migration, and range sizes of subadult and adult Bamforth Lake California Gulls","docAbstract":"We investigated seasonal migration patterns of three age classes of California Gulls (Larus californicus). Using band recovery data and reported sightings of patagially marked gulls, we constructed location maps for fledglings, one to two-year-old gulls, and breeding-age adult gulls during five time periods: spring migration, breeding season, early and late fall migration, and winter. Using repeated observations, we also produced a location map with directional vector plots. Gulls followed a triangular pattern of movements. At the conclusion of breeding, gulls migrated west and northwest to the Pacific coast, distributing themselves mainly between San Francisco and British Columbia. During winter, gulls moved south along the Pacific coast and by spring were concentrated in southern California and northern Mexico. The range size was largest among fledgings which provided the northernmost and southernmost observations for the population. Few subadult gulls migrated to the breeding colony. During the breeding season, a substantial portion of breeding-aged adults remained on the Pacific coast and throughout the intermountain west but were not observed at other California gull colonies. While fledgings moved directly toward the Pacific coast at the end of the breeding season, many adults lingered near the colony site at aquatic habitats south of the colony. We suggest that adults remain longer in the area to feed and to rejuvenate before attempting migration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Pugesek, B., Diem, K., and Cordes, C., 1999, Seasonal movements, migration, and range sizes of subadult and adult Bamforth Lake California Gulls: Waterbirds, v. 22, no. 1, p. 29-36.","startPage":"29","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88c3e4b08c986b316b62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugesek, B.H.","contributorId":45666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugesek","given":"B.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diem, K.L.","contributorId":50310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diem","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cordes, C.L.","contributorId":82483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordes","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021131,"text":"70021131 - 1999 - Mortality of riparian box elder from sediment mobilization and extended inundation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T14:36:40","indexId":"70021131","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3246,"text":"Regulated Rivers: Research & Management","printIssn":"0886-9375","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality of riparian box elder from sediment mobilization and extended inundation","docAbstract":"To explore how high flows limit the streamward extent of riparian vegetation we quantified the effects of sediment mobilization and extended inundation on box elder (Acer negundo) saplings along the cobble-bed Gunnison River in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument, Colorado, USA. We counted and aged box elders in 144 plots of 37.2 m2, and combined a hydraulic model with the hydrologic record to determine the maximum shear stress and number of growing-season days inundated for each plot in each year of the record. We quantified the effects of the two mortality factors by calculating the extreme values survived during the lifetime of trees sampled in 1994 and by recounting box elders in the plots following a high flow in 1995. Both mortality factors can be modeled as threshold functions; box elders are killed either by inundation for more than 85 days during the growing season or by shear stress that exceeds the critical value for mobilization of the underlying sediment particles. Construction of upstream reservoirs in the 1960s and 1970s reduced the proportion of the canyon bottom annually cleared of box elders by high flows. Furthermore, because the dams decreased the magnitude of high flows more than their duration, flow regulation has decreased the importance of sediment mobilization relative to extended inundation. We use the threshold functions and cross-section data to develop a response surface predicting the proportion of the canyon bottom cleared at any combination of flow magnitude and duration. This response surface allows vegetation removal to be incorporated into quantitative multi-objective water management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199909/10)15:5<463::AID-RRR559>3.0.CO;2-Z","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J.M., and Auble, G.T., 1999, Mortality of riparian box elder from sediment mobilization and extended inundation: Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, v. 15, no. 5, p. 463-476, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199909/10)15:5<463::AID-RRR559>3.0.CO;2-Z.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"476","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Black Canyon, Gunnison National Monument, Gunnison River","volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e79e4b0c8380cd70a80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021047,"text":"70021047 - 1999 - Volatile organic compounds in untreated ambient groundwater of the United States, 1985-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T13:32:37","indexId":"70021047","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatile organic compounds in untreated ambient groundwater of the United States, 1985-1995","docAbstract":"As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, an assessment of 60 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in untreated, ambient groundwater of the conterminous United States was conducted based on samples collected from 2948 wells between 1985 and 1995. The samples represent urban and rural areas and drinking-water and nondrinking-water wells. A reporting level of 0.2 μg/L was used with the exception of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, which had a reporting level of 1.0 μg/L. Because ambient groundwater was targeted, areas of known point-source contamination were excluded from this assessment. VOC concentrations generally were low; 56% of the concentrations were less than 1 μg/L. In urban areas, 47% of the sampled wells had at least one VOC, and 29% had two or more VOCs; furthermore, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water criteria were exceeded in 6.4% of all sampled wells and in 2.5% of the sampled drinking-water wells. In rural areas, 14% of the sampled wells had at least one VOC; furthermore, drinking-water criteria were exceeded in 1.5% of all sampled wells and in 1.3% of the sampled drinking-water wells. Solvent compounds and the fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether were among the most frequently detected VOCs in urban and rural areas. It was determined that the probability of finding VOCs in untreated groundwater can be estimated on the basis of a logistic regression model by using population density as an explanatory variable. Although there are limitations to this national scale model, it fit the data from 2354 wells used for model development and adequately estimated the VOC presence in samples from 589 wells used for model validation. Model estimates indicate that 7% (6−9% on the basis of one standard error) of the ambient groundwater resources of the United States probably contain at least one VOC at a reporting level of 0.2 μg/L. Groundwater is used in these areas by 42 million people (35−50 million based on one standard error); however, human exposure to VOCs from this ambient groundwater is uncertain because the quality of the finished drinking water is generally unknown.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es990234m","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Squillace, P.J., Moran, M., Lapham, W., Price, C.V., Clawges, R., and Zogorski, J., 1999, Volatile organic compounds in untreated ambient groundwater of the United States, 1985-1995: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 23, p. 4176-4187, https://doi.org/10.1021/es990234m.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4176","endPage":"4187","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206440,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es990234m"}],"volume":"33","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2c9e4b08c986b32ad72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squillace, P. J.","contributorId":8878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, M.J.","contributorId":7862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lapham, W.W.","contributorId":36583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Price, C. V.","contributorId":19190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clawges, R.M.","contributorId":24779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clawges","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70021037,"text":"70021037 - 1999 - Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion: Comparison of methods and validation using strong-ground motion from the 1994 Northridge earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T23:34:07.47916","indexId":"70021037","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion: Comparison of methods and validation using strong-ground motion from the 1994 Northridge earthquake","docAbstract":"This article compares techniques for calculating broadband time histories of ground motion in the near field of a finite fault by comparing synthetics with the strong-motion data set for the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Based on this comparison, a preferred methodology is presented. Ground-motion-simulation techniques are divided into two general methods: kinematic- and composite-fault models. Green's functions of three types are evaluated: stochastic, empirical, and theoretical. A hybrid scheme is found to give the best fit to the Northridge data. Low frequencies (< 1 Hz) are calculated using a kinematic-fault model and a 3D finite-difference code to propagate energy through a realistic 3D velocity structure. High frequencies (> 1 Hz) are calculated using a composite-fault model with a fractal subevent size distribution and stochastic, bandlimited, white-noise Green's functions. At frequencies below 1 Hz, theoretical elastic-wave-propagation synthetics introduce proper seismic-phase arrivals of body waves and surface waves. The 3D velocity structure more accurately reproduces record durations for the deep sedimentary basin structures found in the Los Angeles region. At frequencies above 1 Hz, scattering effects become important and wave propagation is more accurately represented by stochastic Green's functions. A fractal subevent size distribution for the composite fault model ensures an ω−2 spectral shape over the entire frequency band considered (0.1-20 Hz).