Currently, dreissenid mussels have yet to be detected in the northwestern part of the United States and western Canada. Infestation of one of the jurisdictions within the mussel-free Pacific Northwest would likely have significant economic, societal and environmental implications for the entire region. Understanding the biology and environmental tolerances of dreissenid mussels, and effectiveness of various management strategies, is key to prevention.
On November 4-5, 2015, the Aquatic Bioinvasion Research and Policy Institute and the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University, the US Geological Survey, and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, convened a Dreissenid Mussel Research Priorities Workshop funded by the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative. The purpose of the workshop was to review dreissenid research priorities in the 2010 Quagga-Zebra Mussel Action Plan for Western U.S. Waters, reassess those priorities, incorporate new information and emerging trends, and develop priorities to strategically focus research efforts on zebra and quagga mussels in the Pacific Northwest and ensure that future research is focused on the highest priorities. It is important to note that there is some repetition among dreissenid research priority categories (e.g., prevention, detection, control, monitoring, and biology).
Workshop participants with research experience in dreissenid mussel biology and management were identified by a literature review. State and federal agency managers were also invited to the workshop to ensure relevancy and practicality of the workshop outcomes. A total of 28 experts (see sidebar) in mussel biology, ecology, and management attended the workshop.
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tcounihan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-6514","contributorId":4211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"Timothy","email":"tcounihan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185011,"text":"70185011 - 2015 - Accuracy assessment of NOAA gridded daily reference evapotranspiration for the Texas High Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T12:55:24","indexId":"70185011","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy assessment of NOAA gridded daily reference evapotranspiration for the Texas High Plains","docAbstract":"The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides daily reference evapotranspiration (ETref) maps for the contiguous United States using climatic data from North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). This data provides large-scale spatial representation of ETref, which is essential for regional scale water resources management. Data used in the development of NOAA daily ETref maps are derived from observations over surfaces that are different from short (grass — ETos) or tall (alfalfa — ETrs) reference crops, often in nonagricultural settings, which carries an unknown discrepancy between assumed and actual conditions. In this study, NOAA daily ETos and ETrs maps were evaluated for accuracy, using observed data from the Texas High Plains Evapotranspiration (TXHPET) network. Daily ETos, ETrs and the climatic data (air temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation) used for calculating ETref were extracted from the NOAA maps for TXHPET locations and compared against ground measurements on reference grass surfaces. NOAA ETrefmaps generally overestimated the TXHPET observations (1.4 and 2.2 mm/day ETos and ETrs, respectively), which may be attributed to errors in the NLDAS modeled air temperature and wind speed, to which reference ETref is most sensitive. Therefore, a bias correction to NLDAS modeled air temperature and wind speed data, or adjustment to the resulting NOAA ETref, may be needed to improve the accuracy of NOAA ETref maps.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12303","usgsCitation":"Moorhead, J., Gowda, P.H., Hobbins, M., Senay, G., Paul, G., Marek, T., and Porter, D., 2015, Accuracy assessment of NOAA gridded daily reference evapotranspiration for the Texas High Plains: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 51, no. 5, p. 1262-1271, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12303.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1262","endPage":"1271","ipdsId":"IP-063403","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","volume":"51","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90128e4b0849ce97abcf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moorhead, Jerry","contributorId":189262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moorhead","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gowda, Prasanna H.","contributorId":127439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gowda","given":"Prasanna","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobbins, Michael","contributorId":127605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hobbins","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7075,"text":"National Integrated Drought Information System, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paul, George","contributorId":189263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marek, Thomas","contributorId":189264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marek","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Porter, Dana","contributorId":189265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Dana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70178692,"text":"70178692 - 2015 - Trends in publications in fluvial geomorphology over two decades: A truly new era in the discipline owing to recent technological revolution?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-05T10:33:16","indexId":"70178692","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in publications in fluvial geomorphology over two decades: A truly new era in the discipline owing to recent technological revolution?","docAbstract":"Trends in the field of fluvial geomorphology have been reviewed by a number of authors, who have emphasized the dramatic change occuring in the field in the last two decades of the twentieth century, largely as a result of technological advances. Nevertheless, no prior authors have systematically compiled data on publications in fluvial geomorphology over a long period and statistically analyzed the resulting data set. In this contribution we present a quantitative analysis of fluvial geomorphology papers published in the twenty-two-year period 1987–2009 in five journals of the discipline with a more specific focus on Geomorphology and Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (ESPL), identifying authorships, geographic origin of authors, and spatial and temporal scales covered. We also documented the tools employed, demonstrating the transformation of the field with the emergence of new tools over this period, and conducted a cluster to highlight links between tools and a set of factors (country of author's origin, journals, time, and spatial and temporal scales). Of the 1717 papers published in the five journals during this period, the results showed an increased diversity in the nationality of the first author, mainly when dealing with present time scale, and channel feature. Our data show a significant change in methods used in the field as a result of the increase in data availability and new sources of information from remote sensing (ground, airborne and, satellite). Clearly, a new era in knowledge production is observed since 2000, showing the emergence of a second period of active quantification and an internationalization of the fields.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.07.039","usgsCitation":"Piégay, H., Kondolf, G.M., Minear, J., and Vaudor, L., 2015, Trends in publications in fluvial geomorphology over two decades: A truly new era in the discipline owing to recent technological revolution?: Geomorphology, v. 248, p. 489-500, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.07.039.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"500","ipdsId":"IP-064788","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"248","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58468aeae4b04fc80e5236c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piégay, Hervé","contributorId":147605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piégay","given":"Hervé","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kondolf, G. Mathias","contributorId":146516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondolf","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mathias","affiliations":[{"id":13243,"text":"University of California Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minear, J. Toby","contributorId":9938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minear","given":"J. Toby","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaudor, Lise","contributorId":177159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vaudor","given":"Lise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178511,"text":"70178511 - 2015 - Horseshoe crab spawning activity in Delaware Bay, USA, after harvest reduction: A mixed-model analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-22T12:24:38","indexId":"70178511","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Horseshoe crab spawning activity in Delaware Bay, USA, after harvest reduction: A mixed-model analysis","docAbstract":"A Delaware Bay, USA, standardized survey of spawning horseshoe crabs, Limulus polyphemus, was carried out in 1999 − 2013 through a citizen science network. Previous trend analyses of the data were at the state (DE or NJ) or bay-wide levels. Here, an alternative mixed-model regression analysis was used to estimate trends in female and male spawning densities at the beach level (n = 26) with the objective of inferring their causes. For females, there was no overall trend and no single explanation applies to the temporal and spatial patterns in their densities. Individual beaches that initially had higher densities tended to experience a decrease, while beaches that initially had lower densities tended to experience an increase. As a result, densities of spawning females at the end of the study period were relatively similar among beaches, suggesting a redistribution of females among the beaches over the study period. For males, there was a positive overall trend in spawning abundance from 1999 to 2013, and this increase occurred broadly among beaches. Moreover, the beaches with below-average initial male density tended to have the greatest increases. Possible explanations for these patterns include harvest reduction, sampling artifact, habitat change, density-dependent habitat selection, or mate selection. The broad and significant increase in male spawning density, which occurred after enactment of harvest controls, is consistent with the harvest reduction explanation, but there is no single explanation for the temporal or spatial pattern in female densities. These results highlight the continued value of a citizen-science-based spawning survey in understanding horseshoe crab ecology and conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-015-9961-3","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.R., and Robinson, T., 2015, Horseshoe crab spawning activity in Delaware Bay, USA, after harvest reduction: A mixed-model analysis: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2345-2354, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-015-9961-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2345","endPage":"2354","ipdsId":"IP-057549","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5835672ce4b0070c0abfb6da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Timothy J.","contributorId":171636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Timothy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169071,"text":"70169071 - 2015 - In Response: Biological arguments for selecting effect sizes in ecotoxicological testing—A governmental perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-17T11:44:33","indexId":"70169071","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In Response: Biological arguments for selecting effect sizes in ecotoxicological testing—A governmental perspective","docAbstract":"Criticisms of the uses of the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) and more generally the entire null hypothesis statistical testing scheme are hardly new or unique to the field of ecotoxicology [1-4]. Among the criticisms of NOECs and LOECs is that statistically similar LOECs (in terms of p value) can represent drastically different levels of effect. For instance, my colleagues and I found that a battery of chronic toxicity tests with different species and endpoints yielded LOECs with minimum detectable differences ranging from 3% to 48% reductions from controls [5].
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley and Sonc, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/etc.3108","usgsCitation":"Mebane, C.A., 2015, In Response: Biological arguments for selecting effect sizes in ecotoxicological testing—A governmental perspective: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 11, p. 2440-2442, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3108.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2440","endPage":"2442","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066392","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ebd531e4b0f59b85da0672","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179124,"text":"70179124 - 2015 - Geochemistry and origin of metamorphosed mafic rocks from the Lower Paleozoic Moretown and Cram Hill Formations of North-Central Vermont: Delamination magmatism in the western New England appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-13T14:39:51","indexId":"70179124","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and origin of metamorphosed mafic rocks from the Lower Paleozoic Moretown and Cram Hill Formations of North-Central Vermont: Delamination magmatism in the western New England appalachians","docAbstract":"The Moretown Formation, exposed as a north-trending unit that extends from northern Vermont to Connecticut, is located along a critical Appalachian litho-tectonic zone between the paleomargin of Laurentia and accreted oceanic terranes. Remnants of magmatic activity, in part preserved as metamorphosed mafic rocks in the Moretown Formation and the overlying Cram Hill Formation, are a key to further understanding the tectonic history of the northern Appalachians. Field relationships suggest that the metamorphosed mafic rocks might have formed during and after Taconian deformation, which occurred at ca. 470 to 460 Ma. Geochemistry indicates that the sampled metamorphosed mafic rocks were mostly basalts or basaltic andesites. The rocks have moderate TiO2 contents (1–2.5 wt %), are slightly enriched in the light-rare earth elements relative to the heavy rare earths, and have negative Nb-Ta anomalies in MORB-normalized extended rare earth element diagrams. Their chemistry is similar to compositions of basalts from western Pacific extensional basins near volcanic arcs. The metamorphosed mafic rocks of this study are similar in chemistry to both the pre-Silurian Mount Norris Intrusive Suite of northern Vermont, and also to some of Late Silurian rocks within the Lake Memphremagog Intrusive Suite, particularly the Comerford Intrusive Complex of Vermont and New Hampshire. Both suites may be represented among the samples of this study. The geochemistry of all samples indicates that parental magmas were generated in supra-subduction extensional environments during lithospheric delamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/09.2015.02","usgsCitation":"Coish, R., Kim, J., Twelker, E., Zolkos, S., and Walsh, G.J., 2015, Geochemistry and origin of metamorphosed mafic rocks from the Lower Paleozoic Moretown and Cram Hill Formations of North-Central Vermont: Delamination magmatism in the western New England appalachians: American Journal of Science, v. 315, no. 9, p. 809-845, https://doi.org/10.2475/09.2015.02.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"845","ipdsId":"IP-068938","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"315","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5879f5abe4b0847d353f44c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coish, Raymond","contributorId":177531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coish","given":"Raymond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Jonathan","contributorId":10900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twelker, Evan","contributorId":178306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twelker","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zolkos, Scott P.","contributorId":103946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zolkos","given":"Scott P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189520,"text":"70189520 - 2015 - Photoreduction of Hg(II) and photodemethylation of methylmercury: the key role of thiol sites on dissolved organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:31:27","indexId":"70189520","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1566,"text":"Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photoreduction of Hg(II) and photodemethylation of methylmercury: the key role of thiol sites on dissolved organic matter","docAbstract":"This study examined the kinetics of photoreduction of Hg(II) and photodemethylation of methylmercury (MeHg+) attached to, or in the presence of, dissolved organic matter (DOM). Both Hg(II) and MeHg+ are principally bound to reduced sulfur groups associated with DOM in many freshwater systems. We propose that a direct photolysis mechanism is plausible for reduction of Hg(II) bound to reduced sulfur groups on DOM while an indirect mechanism is supported for photodemethylation of MeHg+ bound to DOM. UV spectra of Hg(II) and MeHg+ bound to thiol containing molecules demonstrate that the Hg(II)–S bond is capable of absorbing UV-light in the solar spectrum to a much greater extent than MeHg+–S bonds. Experiments with chemically distinct DOM isolates suggest that concentration of DOM matters little in the photochemistry if there are enough reduced S sites present to strongly bind MeHg+ and Hg(II); DOM concentration does not play a prominent role in photodemethylation other than to screen light, which was demonstrated in a field experiment in the highly colored St. Louis River where photodemethylation was not observed at depths ≥10 cm. Experiments with thiol ligands yielded slower photodegradation rates for MeHg+ than in experiments with DOM and thiols; rates in the presence of DOM alone were the fastest supporting an intra-DOM mechanism. Hg(II) photoreduction rates, however, were similar in experiments with only DOM, thiols plus DOM, or only thiols suggesting a direct photolysis mechanism. Quenching experiments also support the existence of an intra-DOM photodemethylation mechanism for MeHg+. Utilizing the difference in photodemethylation rates measured for MeHg+ attached to DOM or thiol ligands, the binding constant for MeHg+ attached to thiol groups on DOM was estimated to be 1016.7.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/C5EM00305A","usgsCitation":"Jeremiason, J.D., Portner, J.C., Aiken, G.R., Hiranaka, A.J., Dvorak, M.T., Tran, K.T., and Latch, D.E., 2015, Photoreduction of Hg(II) and photodemethylation of methylmercury: the key role of thiol sites on dissolved organic matter: Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts, v. 17, no. 11, p. 1892-1903, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EM00305A.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1892","endPage":"1903","ipdsId":"IP-069115","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5969d82de4b0d1f9f060a19c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeremiason, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":7146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeremiason","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Portner, Joshua C.","contributorId":194678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Portner","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hiranaka, Amber J.","contributorId":194679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiranaka","given":"Amber","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dvorak, Michelle T.","contributorId":194680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dvorak","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tran, Khuyen T.","contributorId":194681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tran","given":"Khuyen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Latch, Douglas E.","contributorId":194682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Latch","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70186870,"text":"70186870 - 2015 - Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:34:17","indexId":"70186870","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions","docAbstract":"A comparison of the hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger volumes of crystalline rock was conducted in the Piedmont physiographic region near Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Fluid-injection tests were conducted on intervals of boreholes isolating closely spaced fractures. Single-hole tests were conducted by pumping in open boreholes for approximately 30 min, and an interference test was conducted by pumping a single borehole over 3 days while monitoring nearby boreholes. An estimate of the hydraulic conductivity of the rock over hundreds of meters was inferred from simulating groundwater inflow into a kilometer-long section of a Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority tunnel in the study area, and a groundwater modeling investigation over the Rock Creek watershed provided an estimate of the hydraulic conductivity over kilometers. The majority of groundwater flow is confined to relatively few fractures at a given location. Boreholes installed to depths of approximately 50 m have one or two highly transmissive fractures; the transmissivity of the remaining fractures ranges over five orders of magnitude. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger rock volumes varied by less than half an order of magnitude. While many investigations point to increasing hydraulic conductivity as a function of the measurement scale, a comparison with selected investigations shows that the effective hydraulic conductivity estimated over larger volumes of rock can either increase, decrease, or remain stable as a function of the measurement scale. Caution needs to be exhibited in characterizing effective hydraulic properties in fractured rock for the purposes of groundwater management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-015-1285-7","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., Ladderud, J., and Yager, R.M., 2015, Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 23, no. 7, p. 1319-1339, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1285-7.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1319","endPage":"1339","ipdsId":"IP-065461","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ef3dace4b0eed1ab8e3be4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ladderud, Jeffery","contributorId":190799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ladderud","given":"Jeffery","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186185,"text":"70186185 - 2015 - Trends and natural variability of North American spring onset as evaluated by a new gridded dataset of spring indices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T10:20:53","indexId":"70186185","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends and natural variability of North American spring onset as evaluated by a new gridded dataset of spring indices","docAbstract":"Climate change is expected to modify the timing of seasonal transitions this century, impacting wildlife migrations, ecosystem function, and agricultural activity. Tracking seasonal transitions in a consistent manner across space and through time requires indices that can be used for monitoring and managing biophysical and ecological systems during the coming decades. Here a new gridded dataset of spring indices is described and used to understand interannual, decadal, and secular trends across the coterminous United States. This dataset is derived from daily interpolated meteorological data, and the results are compared with historical station data to ensure the trends and variations are robust. Regional trends in the first leaf index range from 20.8 to 21.6 days decade21, while first bloom index trends are between20.4 and 21.2 for most regions. However, these trends are modulated by interannual to multidecadal variations, which are substantial throughout the regions considered here. These findings emphasize the important role large-scale climate modes of variability play in modulating spring onset on interannual to multidecadal time scales. Finally, there is some potential for successful subseasonal forecasts of spring onset, as indices from most regions are significantly correlated with antecedent large-scale modes of variability.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00736.1","usgsCitation":"Ault, T.R., Schwartz, M.D., Zurita-Milla, R., Weltzin, J.F., and Betancourt, J.L., 2015, Trends and natural variability of North American spring onset as evaluated by a new gridded dataset of spring indices: Journal of Climate, v. 28, no. 21, p. 8363-8378, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00736.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"8363","endPage":"8378","ipdsId":"IP-064784","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/0858f753-4773-4800-b11e-86d3513ced55","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"21","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac2e4b02ff32c6aea43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ault, Toby R.","contributorId":146164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ault","given":"Toby","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Mark D.","contributorId":175228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18038,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zurita-Milla, Raul","contributorId":146213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zurita-Milla","given":"Raul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16630,"text":"Department of Geo-Information Processing, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F. 0000-0001-8641-6645 jweltzin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-6645","contributorId":189061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":687790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70186704,"text":"70186704 - 2015 - Mineral resource of the month: Pumice and pumicite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T12:54:39","indexId":"70186704","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: Pumice and pumicite","docAbstract":"Pumice is an extrusive igneous volcanic rock formed through the rapid cooling of air-pocketed lava, which results in a low-density, high-porosity rock. Fine-grained pumice, or pumicite, is defined as minute grains, flakes, threads or shards of volcanic glass, with a size finer than 4 millimeters.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Crangle, R., 2015, Mineral resource of the month: Pumice and pumicite: Earth, v. November 2015, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-012741","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339418,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.earthmagazine.org/mineral-resource-of-the-month-archive"}],"volume":"November 2015","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a543e4b09da6799d63a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crangle, Robert Jr. 0000-0002-8120-3760 rcrangle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-3760","contributorId":141008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rcrangle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187292,"text":"70187292 - 2015 - Decomposition of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus carcasses: temperature effects, nutrient dynamics, and implications for stream food webs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T16:15:20","indexId":"70187292","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decomposition of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus carcasses: temperature effects, nutrient dynamics, and implications for stream food webs","docAbstract":"Anadromous fishes serve as vectors of marine-derived nutrients into freshwaters that are incorporated into aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Pacific salmonines Oncorhynchus spp. exemplify the importance of migratory fish as links between marine and freshwater systems; however, little attention has been given to sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758) in Atlantic coastal systems. A first step to understanding the role of sea lamprey in freshwater food webs is to characterize the composition and rate of nutrient inputs. We conducted laboratory and field studies characterizing the elemental composition and the decay rates and subsequent water enriching effects of sea lamprey carcasses. Proximate tissue analysis demonstrated lamprey carcass nitrogen:phosphorus ratios of 20.2:1 (±1.18 SE). In the laboratory, carcass decay resulted in liberation of phosphorus within 1 week and nitrogen within 3 weeks. Nutrient liberation was accelerated at higher temperatures. In a natural stream, carcass decomposition resulted in an exponential decline in biomass, and after 24 days, the proportion of initial biomass remaining was 27% (±3.0% SE). We provide quantitative results as to the temporal dynamics of sea lamprey carcass decomposition and subsequent nutrient liberation. These nutrient subsidies may arrive at a critical time to maximize enrichment of stream food webs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-015-2302-5","usgsCitation":"Weaver, D.M., Coghlan, S.M., Zydlewski, J.D., Hogg, R.S., and Canton, M., 2015, Decomposition of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus carcasses: temperature effects, nutrient dynamics, and implications for stream food webs: Hydrobiologia, v. 760, no. 1, p. 57-67, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2302-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"67","ipdsId":"IP-061314","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"760","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030326e4b0e862d230f733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, Daniel M.","contributorId":145786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weaver","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coghlan, Stephen M. Jr.","contributorId":169678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coghlan","given":"Stephen","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hogg, Robert S.","contributorId":169677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hogg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Canton, Michael","contributorId":191499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canton","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155230,"text":"70155230 - 2015 - Stable carbon isotope fractionation during bacterial acetylene fermentation: Potential for life detection in hydrocarbon-rich volatiles of icy planet(oid)s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:45:53","indexId":"70155230","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":912,"text":"Astrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable carbon isotope fractionation during bacterial acetylene fermentation: Potential for life detection in hydrocarbon-rich volatiles of icy planet(oid)s","docAbstract":"We report the first study of stable carbon isotope fractionation during microbial fermentation of acetylene (C2H2) in sediments, sediment enrichments, and bacterial cultures. Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) averaged 3.7 ± 0.5‰ for slurries prepared with sediment collected at an intertidal mudflat in San Francisco Bay and 2.7 ± 0.2‰ for a pure culture of Pelobacter sp. isolated from these sediments. A similar KIE of 1.8 ± 0.7‰ was obtained for methanogenic enrichments derived from sediment collected at freshwater Searsville Lake, California. However, C2H2 uptake by a highly enriched mixed culture (strain SV7) obtained from Searsville Lake sediments resulted in a larger KIE of 9.0 ± 0.7‰. These are modest KIEs when compared with fractionation observed during oxidation of C1 compounds such as methane and methyl halides but are comparable to results obtained with other C2compounds. These observations may be useful in distinguishing biologically active processes operating at distant locales in the Solar System where C2H2 is present. These locales include the surface of Saturn's largest moon Titan and the vaporous water- and hydrocarbon-rich jets emanating from Enceladus.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","doi":"10.1089/ast.2015.1355","usgsCitation":"Miller, L., Baesman, S., and Oremland, R., 2015, Stable carbon isotope fractionation during bacterial acetylene fermentation: Potential for life detection in hydrocarbon-rich volatiles of icy planet(oid)s: Astrobiology, v. 15, no. 11, p. 977-986, https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2015.1355.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"977","endPage":"986","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065877","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2015.1355","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57779435e4b07dd077c9062c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Laurence lgmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":145772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Laurence","email":"lgmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baesman, Shaun 0000-0003-0741-8269 sbaesman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-8269","contributorId":3478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baesman","given":"Shaun","email":"sbaesman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, Ron roremlan@usgs.gov","contributorId":145773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ron","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186009,"text":"70186009 - 2015 - LIMS for Lasers 2015 for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O of waters using laser absorption spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-27T18:27:34.728232","indexId":"70186009","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"LIMS for Lasers 2015 for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O of waters using laser absorption spectrometry","title":"LIMS for Lasers 2015 for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O of waters using laser absorption spectrometry","docAbstract":"Rationale
Although laser absorption spectrometry (LAS) instrumentation is easy to use, its incorporation into laboratory operations is not easy, owing to extensive offline manipulation of comma-separated-values files for outlier detection, between-sample memory correction, nonlinearity (δ-variation with water amount) correction, drift correction, normalization to VSMOW-SLAP scales, and difficulty in performing long-term QA/QC audits.
Methods
A Microsoft Access relational-database application, LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System) for Lasers 2015, was developed. It automates LAS data corrections and manages clients, projects, samples, instrument-sample lists, and triple-isotope (δ17O, δ18O, and δ2H values) instrumental data for liquid-water samples. It enables users to (1) graphically evaluate sample injections for variable water yields and high isotope-delta variance; (2) correct for between-sample carryover, instrumental drift, and δ nonlinearity; and (3) normalize final results to VSMOW-SLAP scales.
Results
Cost-free LIMS for Lasers 2015 enables users to obtain improved δ17O, δ18O, and δ2H values with liquid-water LAS instruments, even those with under-performing syringes. For example, LAS δ2HVSMOW measurements of USGS50 Lake Kyoga (Uganda) water using an under-performing syringe having ±10 % variation in water concentration gave +31.7 ± 1.6 ‰ (2-σ standard deviation), compared with the reference value of +32.8 ± 0.4 ‰, after correction for variation in δ value with water concentration, between-sample memory, and normalization to the VSMOW-SLAP scale.
Conclusions
LIMS for Lasers 2015 enables users to create systematic, well-founded instrument templates, import δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O results, evaluate performance with automatic graphical plots, correct for δ nonlinearity due to variable water concentration, correct for between-sample memory, adjust for drift, perform VSMOW-SLAP normalization, and perform long-term QA/QC audits easily. Published in 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.7372","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T.B., and Wassenaar, L.I., 2015, LIMS for Lasers 2015 for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O of waters using laser absorption spectrometry: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 29, no. 22, p. 2122-2130, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7372.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2122","endPage":"2130","ipdsId":"IP-052265","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"22","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1950e4b02ff32c699ca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wassenaar, Leonard I","contributorId":150277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wassenaar","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"I","affiliations":[{"id":17954,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162401,"text":"70162401 - 2015 - Nutrient-enhanced decomposition of plant biomass in a freshwater wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-22T16:51:17","indexId":"70162401","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient-enhanced decomposition of plant biomass in a freshwater wetland","docAbstract":"We studied soil decomposition in a Panicum hemitomon (Schultes)-dominated freshwater marsh located in southeastern Louisiana that was unambiguously changed by secondarily-treated municipal wastewater effluent. We used four approaches to evaluate how belowground biomass decomposition rates vary under different nutrient regimes in this marsh. The results of laboratory experiments demonstrated how nutrient enrichment enhanced the loss of soil or plant organic matter by 50%, and increased gas production. An experiment demonstrated that nitrogen, not phosphorus, limited decomposition. Cellulose decomposition at the field site was higher in the flowfield of the introduced secondarily treated sewage water, and the quality of the substrate (% N or % P) was directly related to the decomposition rates. We therefore rejected the null hypothesis that nutrient enrichment had no effect on the decomposition rates of these organic soils. In response to nutrient enrichment, plants respond through biomechanical or structural adaptations that alter the labile characteristics of plant tissue. These adaptations eventually change litter type and quality (where the marsh survives) as the % N content of plant tissue rises and is followed by even higher decomposition rates of the litter produced, creating a positive feedback loop. Marsh fragmentation will increase as a result. The assumptions and conditions underlying the use of unconstrained wastewater flow within natural wetlands, rather than controlled treatment within the confines of constructed wetlands, are revealed in the loss of previously sequestered carbon, habitat, public use, and other societal benefits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.08.001","usgsCitation":"Bodker, J.E., Turner, R.E., Tweel, A., Schulz, C., and Swarzenski, C.M., 2015, Nutrient-enhanced decomposition of plant biomass in a freshwater wetland: Aquatic Botany, v. 127, p. 44-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.08.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065558","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.08.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.53421020507812,\n 30.124936566556823\n ],\n [\n -90.53421020507812,\n 30.40959743218008\n ],\n [\n -89.901123046875,\n 30.40959743218008\n ],\n [\n -89.901123046875,\n 30.124936566556823\n ],\n [\n -90.53421020507812,\n 30.124936566556823\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360bfe4b0b28f1183bc0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodker, James E.","contributorId":152482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13050,"text":"Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Robert Eugene","contributorId":51352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[{"id":13050,"text":"Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tweel, Andrew","contributorId":152451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tweel","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13050,"text":"Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schulz, Christopher","contributorId":152483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schulz","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher M. 0000-0001-9843-1471 cswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","email":"cswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159855,"text":"70159855 - 2015 - USGS National Wildlife Health Center quarterly wildlife mortality report April 2015 to June 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T17:03:09.069253","indexId":"70159855","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3769,"text":"Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS National Wildlife Health Center quarterly wildlife mortality report April 2015 to June 2015","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","usgsCitation":"Ballmann, A., Bodenstein, B., Dusek, R., Grear, D.A., and Chipault, J.G., 2015, USGS National Wildlife Health Center quarterly wildlife mortality report April 2015 to June 2015: Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter, no. October 2015, p. 6-8.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068955","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311763,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wildlifedisease.org/wda/PUBLICATIONS/WDANewsletter/Archive/201510.aspx"},{"id":311764,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"October 2015","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565ed2bae4b071e7ea544436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballmann, Anne 0000-0002-0380-056X aballmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-056X","contributorId":140319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballmann","given":"Anne","email":"aballmann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodenstein, Barbara L. 0000-0001-7946-0103 bbodenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0103","contributorId":139354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodenstein","given":"Barbara L.","email":"bbodenstein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":140396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grear, Daniel A. 0000-0002-5478-1549 dgrear@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-1549","contributorId":149047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grear","given":"Daniel","email":"dgrear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chipault, Jennifer G. 0000-0002-1368-622X jchipault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-622X","contributorId":4765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipault","given":"Jennifer","email":"jchipault@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70161997,"text":"70161997 - 2015 - Imaging the magmatic system of Mono Basin, California with magnetotellurics in three--dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-13T09:58:17","indexId":"70161997","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging the magmatic system of Mono Basin, California with magnetotellurics in three--dimensions","docAbstract":"A three–dimensional (3D) electrical resistivity model of Mono Basin in eastern California unveils a complex subsurface filled with zones of partial melt, fluid–filled fracture networks, cold plutons, and regional faults. In 2013, 62 broadband magnetotelluric (MT) stations were collected in an array around southeastern Mono Basin from which a 3D electrical resistivity model was created with a resolvable depth of 35 km. Multiple robust electrical resistivity features were found that correlate with existing geophysical observations. The most robust features are two 300 ± 50 km3 near-vertical conductive bodies (3–10 Ω·m) that underlie the southeast and north-eastern margin of Mono Craters below 10 km depth. These features are interpreted as magmatic crystal–melt mush zones of 15 ± 5% interstitial melt surrounded by hydrothermal fluids and are likely sources for Holocene eruptions. Two conductive east–dipping structures appear to connect each magma source region to the surface. A conductive arc–like structure (< 0.9 Ω·m) links the northernmost mush column at 10 km depth to just below vents near Panum Crater, where the high conductivity suggests the presence of hydrothermal fluids. The connection from the southernmost mush column at 10 km depth to below South Coulée is less obvious with higher resistivity (200 Ω·m) suggestive of a cooled connection. A third, less constrained conductive feature (4–10 Ω·m) 15 km deep extending to 35 km is located west of Mono Craters near the eastern front of the Sierra Nevada escarpment, and is coincident with a zone of sporadic, long–period earthquakes that are characteristic of a fluid-filled (magmatic or metamorphic) fracture network. A resistive feature (103–105 Ω·m) located under Aeolian Buttes contains a deep root down to 25 km. The eastern edge of this resistor appears to structurally control the arcuate shape of Mono Craters. These observations have been combined to form a new conceptual model of the magmatic system beneath Mono Craters to a depth of 30 km.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012071","usgsCitation":"Peacock, J.R., Mangan, M.T., McPhee, D., and Ponce, D.A., 2015, Imaging the magmatic system of Mono Basin, California with magnetotellurics in three--dimensions: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 120, no. 11, p. 7273-7289, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012071.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"7273","endPage":"7289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064799","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012071","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.6136474609375,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -119.6136474609375,\n 38.39764411353181\n ],\n [\n -118.60290527343749,\n 38.39764411353181\n ],\n [\n -118.60290527343749,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -119.6136474609375,\n 37.89219554724437\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5697833ce4b039675d00a6e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peacock, Jared R. 0000-0002-0439-0224 jpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-0224","contributorId":4996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Jared","email":"jpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangan, Margaret T. 0000-0002-5273-8053 mmangan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-8053","contributorId":3343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"Margaret","email":"mmangan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPhee, Darcy 0000-0002-5177-3068 dmcphee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-3068","contributorId":2621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"Darcy","email":"dmcphee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70127985,"text":"70127985 - 2015 - Vegetation response to southern California drought during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and early Little Ice Age (AD 800–1600)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T14:48:02","indexId":"70127985","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation response to southern California drought during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and early Little Ice Age (AD 800–1600)","docAbstract":"High-resolution studies of pollen in laminated sediments deposited in Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) core SPR0901-02KC reflect decadal-scale fluctuations in precipitation spanning the interval from AD 800–1600. From AD 800–1090 during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) SBB sediments were dominated by xeric vegetation types (drought-resistant coastal sagebrush and chaparral) implying reduced precipitation in the southern California region. Drought-adapted vegetation abruptly decreased at AD 1090 and was rapidly replaced by mesic oak (Quercus) woodlands associated with an increased pollen flux into the basin. After a mesic interval lasting ∼100 years, pollen flux and the relative abundance of Quercus pollen dropped abruptly at AD 1200 when the rapid rise of chaparral suggests a significant drought similar to that of the MCA (∼AD 800–1090). This brief resurgence of drought-adapted vegetation between AD 1200–1270 marked the end of the MCA droughts. A gradual increase in mesic vegetation followed, characterizing cool hydroclimates of the Little Ice Age (LIA) in coastal southern California.
\nThe presence of xeric vegetation in SBB coincides with major drought events recorded in tree rings and low lake levels elsewhere in California except for the brief drought between AD 1130–1160. Correlative diatom and terrigenous sediment input proxy records from SBB are largely supportive of the pollen record predominantly linking the MCA with drought and La Niña-like conditions and the LIA with wetter (more El Niño-like) conditions. Differences between paleoclimate proxies (pollen, diatoms, and terrigenous sediment) in SBB exist, however, possibly reflecting the temporal and spatial differences in the generation of each proxy record, as well as their individual sensitivity to climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.032","usgsCitation":"Heusser, L., Hendy, I.L., and Barron, J.A., 2015, Vegetation response to southern California drought during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and early Little Ice Age (AD 800–1600): Quaternary International, v. 387, p. 23-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.032.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054049","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.032","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"387","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cec3e4b0811616822406","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heusser, Linda E.","contributorId":54203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heusser","given":"Linda E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendy, Ingrid L.","contributorId":67416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendy","given":"Ingrid","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193040,"text":"70193040 - 2015 - Now hiring! Empirically testing a three-step intervention to increase faculty gender diversity in STEM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T16:49:46","indexId":"70193040","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Now hiring! Empirically testing a three-step intervention to increase faculty gender diversity in STEM","docAbstract":"Workforce homogeneity limits creativity, discovery, and job satisfaction; nonetheless, the vast majority of university faculty in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are men. We conducted a randomized and controlled three-step faculty search intervention based in self-determination theory aimed at increasing the number of women faculty in STEM at one US university where increasing diversity had historically proved elusive. Results show that the numbers of women candidates considered for and offered tenure-track positions were significantly higher in the intervention groups compared with those in controls. Searches in the intervention were 6.3 times more likely to make an offer to a woman candidate, and women who were made an offer were 5.8 times more likely to accept the offer from an intervention search. Although the focus was on increasing women faculty within STEM, the intervention can be adapted to other scientific and academic communities to advance diversity along any dimension.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biv138","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.L., Handley, I.M., Zale, A.V., Rushing, S., and Potvin, M.A., 2015, Now hiring! Empirically testing a three-step intervention to increase faculty gender diversity in STEM: BioScience, v. 65, no. 11, p. 1084-1087, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv138.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1084","endPage":"1087","ipdsId":"IP-059205","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv138","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb2ae4b09af898c8ccc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Jessi L.","contributorId":200044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Jessi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handley, Ian M.","contributorId":200045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Handley","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zale, Alexander V. 0000-0003-1703-885X zale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-885X","contributorId":3010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"Alexander","email":"zale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rushing, Sara","contributorId":200046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rushing","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Potvin, Martha A.","contributorId":200047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potvin","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159630,"text":"70159630 - 2015 - Remote sensing to monitor cover crop adoption in southeastern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T16:07:41","indexId":"70159630","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing to monitor cover crop adoption in southeastern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"In the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, winter cereal cover crops are often planted in rotation with summer crops to reduce the loss of nutrients and sediment from agricultural systems. Cover crops can also improve soil health, control weeds and pests, supplement forage needs, and support resilient cropping systems. In southeastern Pennsylvania, cover crops can be successfully established following corn (Zea mays L.) silage harvest and are strongly promoted for use in this niche. They are also planted following corn grain, soybean (Glycine max L.), and vegetable harvest. In Pennsylvania, the use of winter cover crops for agricultural conservation has been supported through a combination of outreach, regulation, and incentives. On-farm implementation is thought to be increasing, but the actual extent of cover crops is not well quantified. Satellite imagery can be used to map green winter cover crop vegetation on agricultural fields and, when integrated with additional remote sensing data products, can be used to evaluate wintertime vegetative groundcover following specific summer crops. This study used Landsat and SPOT (System Probatoire d’ Observation de la Terre) satellite imagery, in combination with the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service Cropland Data Layer, to evaluate the extent and amount of green wintertime vegetation on agricultural fields in four Pennsylvania counties (Berks, Lebanon, Lancaster, and York) from 2010 to 2013. In December of 2010, a windshield survey was conducted to collect baseline data on winter cover crop implementation, with particular focus on identifying corn harvested for silage (expected earlier harvest date and lower levels of crop residue), versus for grain (expected later harvest date and higher levels of crop residue). Satellite spectral indices were successfully used to detect both the amount of green vegetative groundcover and the amount of crop residue on the surveyed fields. Analysis of wintertime satellite imagery showed consistent increases in vegetative groundcover over the four-year study period and determined that trends did not result from annual weather variability, indicating that farmers are increasing adoption of practices such as cover cropping that promote wintertime vegetation. Between 2010 and 2013, the occurrence of wintertime vegetation on agricultural fields increased from 36% to 67% of corn fields in Berks County, from 53% to 75% in Lancaster County, from 42% to 65% in Lebanon County, and from 26% to 52% in York County. Apparently, efforts to promote cover crop use in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed have coincided with a rapid increase in the occurrence of wintertime vegetation following corn harvest in southeastern Pennsylvania. However, despite these increases, between 25% and 48% of corn fields remained without substantial green vegetation over the wintertime, indicating further opportunity for cover crop adoption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","doi":"10.2489/jswc.70.6.340","usgsCitation":"Hively, W., Duiker, S., Greg McCarty, and Prabhakara, K., 2015, Remote sensing to monitor cover crop adoption in southeastern Pennsylvania: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 70, no. 6, p. 340-352, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.70.6.340.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"340","endPage":"352","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061440","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.70.6.340","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311303,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jswconline.org/content/70/6/340.full.pdf"},{"id":311321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern and Central Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.2176513671875,\n 39.73253798438173\n ],\n [\n -76.48681640625,\n 40.0360265298117\n ],\n [\n -76.22314453125,\n 40.12429084831405\n ],\n [\n -76.3275146484375,\n 40.32141999593439\n ],\n [\n -76.08032226562499,\n 40.35073056591789\n ],\n [\n -76.08032226562499,\n 40.32560799973207\n ],\n [\n -75.78369140625,\n 40.41767833585551\n ],\n [\n -75.5474853515625,\n 40.27533480732468\n ],\n [\n -75.860595703125,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -75.8660888671875,\n 39.72831341029745\n ],\n [\n -76.2176513671875,\n 39.73253798438173\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.9754638671875,\n 41.31907562295136\n ],\n [\n -77.9425048828125,\n 40.61812224225511\n ],\n [\n -77.0306396484375,\n 40.6723059714534\n ],\n [\n -77.0965576171875,\n 41.36031866306708\n ],\n [\n -77.9754638671875,\n 41.31907562295136\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717d7e4b0e2669b313129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hively, Wells whively@usgs.gov","contributorId":149843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"Wells","email":"whively@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duiker, Sjoerd","contributorId":149844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duiker","given":"Sjoerd","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17838,"text":"Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 116 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802-3504","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greg McCarty","contributorId":149845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greg McCarty","affiliations":[{"id":17839,"text":"USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Building 007 Room 104 BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prabhakara, Kusuma","contributorId":6313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prabhakara","given":"Kusuma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70158955,"text":"70158955 - 2015 - Landsat science team meeting: Summer 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T09:56:24","indexId":"70158955","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3555,"text":"The Earth Observer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat science team meeting: Summer 2015","docAbstract":"The summer meeting of the joint U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)–NASA Landsat Science Team (LST) was held at the USGS’s Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center July 7-9, 2015, in Sioux Falls, SD. The LST co-chairs, Tom Loveland [EROS—Senior Scientist] and Jim Irons [NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)—Landsat 8 Project Scientist], opened the three-day meeting on an upbeat note following the recent successful launch of the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-2 mission on June 23, 2015 (see image on page 14), and the news that work on Landsat 9 has begun, with a projected launch date of 2023.
\nWith over 60 participants in attendance, this was the largest LST meeting ever held. Meeting topics on the first day included Sustainable Land Imaging and Landsat 9 development, Landsat 7 and 8 operations and data archiving, the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) stray-light issue, and the successful Sentinel-2 launch. In addition, on days two and three the LST members presented updates on their Landsat science and applications research. All presentations are available at landsat.usgs.gov/science_LST_Team_ Meetings.php.
","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, T., Loveland, T., Wulder, M.A., and Irons, J.R., 2015, Landsat science team meeting: Summer 2015: The Earth Observer, v. 27, no. 6, p. 12-17.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068875","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://eospso.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/eo_pdfs/Nov%20Dec%202015_508_col.pdf"},{"id":324705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57779432e4b07dd077c905f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Todd tschroeder@usgs.gov","contributorId":149137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Todd","email":"tschroeder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wulder, Michael A.","contributorId":103584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irons, James R.","contributorId":59284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irons","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160074,"text":"70160074 - 2015 - Limited role for thermal erosion by turbulent lava in proximal Athabasca Valles, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T16:21:56","indexId":"70160074","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limited role for thermal erosion by turbulent lava in proximal Athabasca Valles, Mars","docAbstract":"The Athabasca Valles flood lava is among the most recent (<50 Ma) and best preserved effusive lava flows on Mars and was probably emplaced turbulently. The Williams et al. (2005) model of thermal erosion by lava has been applied to what we term “proximal Athabasca,” the 75 km long upstream portion of Athabasca Valles. For emplacement volumes of 5000 and 7500 km3and average flow thicknesses of 20 and 30 m, the duration of the eruption varies between ~11 and ~37 days. The erosion of the lava flow substrate is investigated for three eruption temperatures (1270°C, 1260°C, and 1250°C), and volatile contents equivalent to 0–65 vol % bubbles. The largest erosion depths of ~3.8–7.5 m are at the lava source, for 20 m thick and bubble-free flows that erupted at their liquidus temperature (1270°C). A substrate containing 25 vol % ice leads to maximum erosion. A lava temperature 20°C below liquidus reduces erosion depths by a factor of ~2.2. If flow viscosity increases with increasing bubble content in the lava, the presence of 30–50 vol % bubbles leads to erosion depths lower than those relative to bubble-free lava by a factor of ~2.4. The presence of 25 vol % ice in the substrate increases erosion depths by a factor of 1.3. Nevertheless, modeled erosion depths, consistent with the emplacement volume and flow duration constraints, are far less than the depth of the channel (~35–100 m). We conclude that thermal erosion does not appear to have had a major role in excavating Athabasca Valles.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JE004761","usgsCitation":"Cataldo, V., Williams, D., Dundas, C.M., and Keszthelyi, L.P., 2015, Limited role for thermal erosion by turbulent lava in proximal Athabasca Valles, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 120, no. 11, p. 1800-1819, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JE004761.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1800","endPage":"1819","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059899","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1002/2014JE004761","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"120","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5698d4cfe4b0fbd3f7fa4c4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cataldo, Vincenzo","contributorId":150474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cataldo","given":"Vincenzo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, David A.","contributorId":84604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo","email":"laz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160106,"text":"70160106 - 2015 - LiDAR based prediction of forest biomass using hierarchical models with spatially varying coefficients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T11:10:26","indexId":"70160106","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"LiDAR based prediction of forest biomass using hierarchical models with spatially varying coefficients","docAbstract":"Many studies and production inventory systems have shown the utility of coupling covariates derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data with forest variables measured on georeferenced inventory plots through regression models. The objective of this study was to propose and assess the use of a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework that accommodates both residual spatial dependence and non-stationarity of model covariates through the introduction of spatial random effects. We explored this objective using four forest inventory datasets that are part of the North American Carbon Program, each comprising point-referenced measures of above-ground forest biomass and discrete LiDAR. For each dataset, we considered at least five regression model specifications of varying complexity. Models were assessed based on goodness of fit criteria and predictive performance using a 10-fold cross-validation procedure. Results showed that the addition of spatial random effects to the regression model intercept improved fit and predictive performance in the presence of substantial residual spatial dependence. Additionally, in some cases, allowing either some or all regression slope parameters to vary spatially, via the addition of spatial random effects, further improved model fit and predictive performance. In other instances, models showed improved fit but decreased predictive performance—indicating over-fitting and underscoring the need for cross-validation to assess predictive ability. The proposed Bayesian modeling framework provided access to pixel-level posterior predictive distributions that were useful for uncertainty mapping, diagnosing spatial extrapolation issues, revealing missing model covariates, and discovering locally significant parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.028","usgsCitation":"Babcock, C., Finley, A., Bradford, J.B., Kolka, R.K., Birdsey, R.A., and Ryan, M., 2015, LiDAR based prediction of forest biomass using hierarchical models with spatially varying coefficients: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 169, p. 113-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.028.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"127","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034289","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.028","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Fraser Experimental Forest, Marcell Experimental Forest, Niwot Long Term Ecological Research Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.9,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -105.9,\n 39.1\n ],\n [\n -105.8,\n 39.1\n ],\n [\n -105.8,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -105.9,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 47\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.6,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -105.6,\n 40.1\n ],\n [\n -105.5,\n 40.1\n ],\n [\n -105.5,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -105.6,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"169","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff652e4b09cfe53ca79a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Babcock, Chad","contributorId":150502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babcock","given":"Chad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18039,"text":"Department of Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finley, Andrew O.","contributorId":70666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"Andrew O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolka, Randall K.","contributorId":16150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolka","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":13259,"text":"USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birdsey, Richard A.","contributorId":17751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdsey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryan, Michael G.","contributorId":101580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Michael G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70168392,"text":"70168392 - 2015 - Predictions of future ephemeral springtime waterbird stopover habitat availability under global change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-11T09:52:01","indexId":"70168392","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictions of future ephemeral springtime waterbird stopover habitat availability under global change","docAbstract":"In the present period of rapid, worldwide change in climate and landuse (i.e., global change), successful biodiversity conservation warrants proactive management responses, especially for long-distance migratory species. However, the development and implementation of management strategies can be impeded by high levels of uncertainty and low levels of control over potentially impactful future events and their effects. Scenario planning and modeling are useful tools for expanding perspectives and informing decisions under these conditions. We coupled scenario planning and statistical modeling to explain and predict playa wetland inundation (i.e., presence/absence of water) and ponded area (i.e., extent of water) in the Rainwater Basin, an anthropogenically altered landscape that provides critical stopover habitat for migratory waterbirds. Inundation and ponded area models for total wetlands, those embedded in rowcrop fields, and those not embedded in rowcrop fields were trained and tested with wetland ponding data from 2004 and 2006–2009, and then used to make additional predictions under two alternative climate change scenarios for the year 2050, yielding a total of six predictive models and 18 prediction sets. Model performance ranged from moderate to good, with inundation models outperforming ponded area models, and models for non-rowcrop-embedded wetlands outperforming models for total wetlands and rowcrop-embedded wetlands. Model predictions indicate that if the temperature and precipitation changes assumed under our climate change scenarios occur, wetland stopover habitat availability in the Rainwater Basin could decrease in the future. The results of this and similar studies could be aggregated to increase knowledge about the potential spatial and temporal distributions of future stopover habitat along migration corridors, and to develop and prioritize multi-scale management actions aimed at mitigating the detrimental effects of global change on migratory waterbird populations.
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