{"pageNumber":"1204","pageRowStart":"30075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40904,"records":[{"id":70022619,"text":"70022619 - 2000 - The crustal thickness of Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T15:46:49.987342","indexId":"70022619","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The crustal thickness of Australia","docAbstract":"<p>We investigate the crustal structure of the Australian continent using the temporary broadband stations of the Skippy and Kimba projects and permanent broadband stations. We isolate near-receiver information, in the form of crustal P-to-S conversions, using the receiver function technique. Stacked receiver functions are inverted for S velocity structure using a Genetic Algorithm approach to Receiver Function Inversion (GARFI). From the resulting velocity models we are able to determine the Moho depth and to classify the width of the crust-mantle transition for 65 broadband stations. Using these results and 51 independent estimates of crustal thickness from refraction and reflection profiles, we present a new, improved, map of Moho depth for the Australian continent. The thinnest crust (25 km) occurs in the Archean Yilgarn Craton in Western Australia; the thickest crust (61 km) occurs in Proterozoic central Australia. The average crustal thickness is 38.8 km (standard deviation 6.2 km). Interpolation error estimates are made using kriging and fall into the range 2.5–7.0 km. We find generally good agreement between the depth to the seismologically defined Moho and xenolith-derived estimates of crustal thickness beneath northeastern Australia. However, beneath the Lachlan Fold Belt the estimates are not in agreement, and it is possible that the two techniques are mapping differing parts of a broad Moho transition zone. The Archean cratons of Western Australia appear to have remained largely stable since cratonization, reflected in only slight variation of Moho depth. The largely Proterozoic center of Australia shows relatively thicker crust overall as well as major Moho offsets. We see evidence of the margin of the contact between the Precambrian craton and the Tasman Orogen, referred to as the Tasman Line.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JB900317","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Clitheroe, G., Gudmundsson, O., and Kennett, B., 2000, The crustal thickness of Australia: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B6, p. 13697-13713, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900317.","productDescription":"17 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G.","contributorId":72553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clitheroe","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gudmundsson, O.","contributorId":7867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gudmundsson","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennett, B.L.N.","contributorId":98066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennett","given":"B.L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022650,"text":"70022650 - 2000 - Hydrothermal diamond anvil cell for XAFS studies of first-row transition elements in aqueous solutions up to supercritical conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70022650","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrothermal diamond anvil cell for XAFS studies of first-row transition elements in aqueous solutions up to supercritical conditions","docAbstract":"A hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) has been modified by drilling holes with a laser to within 150 ??m of the anvil face to minimize the loss of X-rays due to absorption and scatter by diamond. This modification enables acquisition of K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra from first-row transition metal ions in aqueous solutions at temperatures ranging from 25??C to 660??C and pressures up to 800 MPa. These pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions are more than sufficient for carrying out experimental measurements that can provide data valuable in the interpretation of fluid inclusions in minerals found in ore-forming hydrothermal systems as well as other important lithospheric processes involving water. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00196-5","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Bassett, W.A., Anderson, A.J., Mayanovic, R.A., and Chou, I., 2000, Hydrothermal diamond anvil cell for XAFS studies of first-row transition elements in aqueous solutions up to supercritical conditions, <i>in</i> Chemical Geology, v. 167, no. 1-2, p. 3-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00196-5.","startPage":"3","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208283,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00196-5"},{"id":233924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a379ce4b0c8380cd60ffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bassett, William A.","contributorId":47533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Alan J.","contributorId":28770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayanovic, Robert A.","contributorId":88528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayanovic","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022653,"text":"70022653 - 2000 - Winter survival of adult female harlequin ducks in relation to history of contamination by the Exxon Valdez oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T17:49:12.157222","indexId":"70022653","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Winter survival of adult female harlequin ducks in relation to history of contamination by the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","title":"Winter survival of adult female harlequin ducks in relation to history of contamination by the Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"<p>Harlequin duck (<i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i>) life-history characteristics make their populations particularly vulnerable to perturbations during nonbreeding periods. The 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill was a major perturbation to nonbreeding habitats of harlequin ducks in Prince William Sound, Alaska, which resulted in population injury. To assess the status of population recovery from the oil spill and to evaluate factors potentially constraining full recovery, we used radiotelemetry to examine survival of adult female harlequin ducks during winters of 1995-96, 1996-97, and 1997-98. We implanted 294 harlequin ducks (154 and 140 in oiled and unoiled areas, respectively) with transmitters and tracked their signals from aircraft during October through March. We examined variation in survival rates relative to area and season (early, mid, and late winter) through comparisons of models using Akaike's information criterion (AIC(c)) values. The 3 models best supported by the data indicated that survival of birds in oiled areas was lower than in unoiled areas. Inclusion of standardized body mass during wing molt in the 3 best models did not improve their fit, indicating that body mass during wing molt did not affect subsequent winter survival. In the model that best fit our data, survival was high in early winter for both areas, lower during mid and late winter seasons, and lowest in oiled areas during mid winter. Cumulative winter survival estimated from this model was 78.0% (SE = 3.3%) in oiled areas and 83.7% (SE = 2.9%) in unoiled areas. We determined that area differences in survival were more likely related to oiling history than intrinsic geographic differences. Based on a demographic model, area differences in survival offer a likely mechanism for observed declines in populations on oiled areas. Concurrent studies indicated that harlequin ducks continued to be exposed to residual <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil as much as 9 years after the spill. We suggest that oil exposure, mortality, and population dynamics were linked and conclude that continued effects of the oil spill likely restricted recovery of harlequin duck populations through at least 1998.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802754","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., Schmutz, J.A., Jarvis, R.L., and Mulcahy, D., 2000, Winter survival of adult female harlequin ducks in relation to history of contamination by the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 3, p. 839-847, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802754.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"839","endPage":"847","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.63677978515622,\n              60.105932794980426\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.71142578125,\n              60.105932794980426\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.71142578125,\n              60.764525674175374\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.63677978515622,\n              60.764525674175374\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.63677978515622,\n              60.105932794980426\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd15ee4b08c986b32f3b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarvis, R. L.","contributorId":31697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarvis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulcahy, D.M.","contributorId":43302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022607,"text":"70022607 - 2000 - Sequential dome-collapse nuées ardentes analyzed from broadband seismic data, Merapi Volcano, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-13T08:50:44","indexId":"70022607","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequential dome-collapse nuées ardentes analyzed from broadband seismic data, Merapi Volcano, Indonesia","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">During the sequential dome collapse of Merapi Volcano on 22 November 1994, a broadband seismic station on the western slope was the only operational seismic equipment that provided continuous on-scale recording of the event. According to visual and seismic observations, the collapse activity lasted about 10&nbsp;h. We divide the activity into two phases: (I) a period with fluctuating but generally increasing seismic activity associated with 24 moderate to large dome-collapse nu&eacute;es ardentes, lasting about 40&nbsp;min and culminating with the largest event at 10:54 (all times reported as local time); and (II) activity from 11:42 until 20:00 described by scattered clusters of individual rockfalls and 20 nu&eacute;es ardentes.</p>\n<p id=\"\">The broadband data were evaluated using the assumption that avalanches with the same source areas and descent paths exhibit a linear relation between source volume and recorded seismic-amplitude envelope area. A result of the analysis is the determination of the volume of selected individual events. From the field surveys, the total volume of the collapsed dome lava is 2.6&nbsp;Mm<sup>3</sup>. Discounting the volumetric influence of rockfalls, the average size of the 44 nu&eacute;es ardentes is therefore about 60,000&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>. The largest collapse event at 10:54 is estimated to involve 260,000&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>, based on an analysis of the seismicity. The remaining 23 phase I events averaged 60,000&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>, with the total volume of all phase I events accounting for 63% of the unstable dome. The 20 phase II events comprised 37% of the total volume and averaged 47,000&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>. The methods described here can be put to practical use in real-time monitoring situations. Broadband data were essential in this study primarily because of the wide dynamic range.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00145-1","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Brodscholl, A., Kirbani, S., and Voight, B., 2000, Sequential dome-collapse nuées ardentes analyzed from broadband seismic data, Merapi Volcano, Indonesia: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 100, no. 1-4, p. 363-369, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00145-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"369","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d50e4b08c986b31833b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brodscholl, A.","contributorId":42387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodscholl","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirbani, S.B.","contributorId":22936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirbani","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voight, B.","contributorId":16575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voight","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022657,"text":"70022657 - 2000 - Relation of pathways and transit times of recharge water to nitrate concentrations using stable isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:53:43","indexId":"70022657","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation of pathways and transit times of recharge water to nitrate concentrations using stable isotopes","docAbstract":"<p>Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope values of precipitation, irrigation water, soil water, and ground water were used with soil-moisture contents and water levels to estimate transit times and pathways of recharge water in the unsaturated zone of a sand and gravel aquifer. Nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate) concentrations in ground water were also measured to assess their relation to seasonal recharge. Stable isotope values indicated that recharge water usually had a transit time through the unsaturated zone of several weeks to months. However, wetting fronts usually moved through the unsaturated zone in hours to weeks. The much slower transit of isotopic signals than that of wetting fronts indicates that recharge was predominantly composed of older soil water that was displaced downward by more recent infiltrating water. Comparison of observed and simulated isotopic values from pure-piston flow and mixing-cell water and isotope mass balance models indicates that soil water isotopic values were usually highly mixed. Thus, movement of recharge water did not occur following a pure piston-flow displacement model but rather follows a hydrid model involving displacement of mixed older soil water with new infiltration water. An exception to this model occurred in a topographic depression, where movement of water along preferential flowpaths to the water table occurred within hours to days following spring thaw as result of depression-focused infiltration of snow melt. In an adjacent upland area, recharge of snow melt occurred one to two months later. Increases in nitrate concentrations at the water table during April-May 1993 and 1994 in a topographic lowland within a corn field were related to recharge of water that had infiltrated the previous summer and was displaced from the unsaturated zone by spring infiltration. Increases in nitrate concentrations also occurred during July-August 1994 in response to recharge of water that infiltrated during May-August 1994. These results indicate that the largest ground water nitrate concentrations were associated with recharge of water that infiltrated into the soil during May-August, when most nitrogen fertilizer was applied.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00224.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Landon, M., Delin, G., Komor, S., and Regan, C., 2000, Relation of pathways and transit times of recharge water to nitrate concentrations using stable isotopes: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 3, p. 381-395, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00224.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"395","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a69ee4b0e8fec6cdc22f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Komor, S.C.","contributorId":21182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komor","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regan, C.P.","contributorId":37364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regan","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022590,"text":"70022590 - 2000 - The thermal inertia of Mars from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T16:02:18","indexId":"70022590","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The thermal inertia of Mars from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer","docAbstract":"We have used Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer thermal emission measurements to derive the thermal inertia of the Martian surface at the ∼100-km spatial scale. We have validated the use of nighttime-only measurements to derive thermal inertia as well as the use of a single wavelength band versus bolometric thermal emission measurements. We have also reanalyzed the Viking Infrared Thermal Mapper data set in a similar manner in order to allow a direct comparison between the two. Within the uncertainties of the fit of the data to the model, and the uncertainties inherent in the model, the thermal inertia has not changed substantially in the 21 years between the Viking and the MGS measurements. Although some differences are seen, they are most likely due to changes in albedo during the intervening years or to residual effects of airborne dust that are not fully accounted for in the thermal models. The thermal inertia values that we derive, between about 24 and 800 J m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1/2</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>, are thought to better represent the actual thermal inertia of the Martian surface than previous estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JE001088","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Jakosky, B.M., Mellon, M.T., Kieffer, H.H., Christensen, P.R., Varnes, E.S., and Lee, S., 2000, The thermal inertia of Mars from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 105, no. E4, p. 9643-9652, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001088.","startPage":"9643","endPage":"9652","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278571,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001088"},{"id":230509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb0f6e4b08c986b32516c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jakosky, Bruce M.","contributorId":67240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakosky","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mellon, Michael T.","contributorId":8603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7037,"text":"Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":394171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kieffer, Hugh H.","contributorId":41137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, Phillip R.","contributorId":18098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Varnes, E. Stacy","contributorId":53554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Stacy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, Steven W.","contributorId":29600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Steven W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022586,"text":"70022586 - 2000 - Development of a grid-cell topographic surface for Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-27T18:33:33.848676","indexId":"70022586","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a grid-cell topographic surface for Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia","docAbstract":"The Okefenokee Swamp is a 160,000 ha freshwater wetland in Southeast Georgia, USA that developed in a landscape basin. Hydrologic variability across the swamp suggests that water-surface elevations are not uniform across the swamp. The topographic surface map discussed herein was developed to describe the swamp topography at local to landscape scales and relate the swamp peat- and sand-surface elevations to elevation above mean sea level. These data were then used to relate water-surface elevations across the swamp so that the swamp hydrologic environment could be described spatially and temporally with a spatial hydrology model. The swamp was divided into 5 sub-basins that reflect similar seasonal hydrodynamics but also indicate local conditions unique to the basins. Topographic gradient influences water-level dynamics in the western swamp (2 sub-basins), which is dominated by the Suwannee River floodplain. The eastern swamp (3 sub-basins) is terraced, and the regional hydrology is driven less by topographic gradient and more by precipitation and evapotranspiration volumes. The relatively steep gradient and berm and lake features in the western swamp's Suwannee River floodplain limit the spatial extent of the Suwannee River sill's effects, whereas system sensitivities to evapotranspiration rates are more important drivers of hydrology in the eastern swamp.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020<0487:DOAGTS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Loftin, C., Rasberry, W., and Kitchens, W.M., 2000, Development of a grid-cell topographic surface for Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia: Wetlands, v. 20, no. 3, p. 487-499, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020<0487:DOAGTS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"499","costCenters":[{"id":274,"text":"Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, Okefenokee Swamp","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.50595092773438,\n              30.593001325080845\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.50595092773438,\n              30.58354378627138\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.22030639648438,\n              30.56699087315334\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.20932006835938,\n              30.55989590270129\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.20794677734374,\n              30.548069799103555\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.19284057617186,\n              30.54097344535385\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.15301513671875,\n              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M.","contributorId":248190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kitchens","given":"Wiley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":394161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022047,"text":"70022047 - 2000 - Hydrological Aspects of Weather Prediction and Flood Warnings: Report of the Ninth Prospectus Development Team of the U.S. Weather Research Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022047","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrological Aspects of Weather Prediction and Flood Warnings: Report of the Ninth Prospectus Development Team of the U.S. Weather Research Program","docAbstract":"Among the many natural disasters that disrupt human and industrial activity in the United States each year, including tornadoes, hurricanes, extreme temperatures, and lightning, floods are among the most devastating and rank second in the loss of life. Indeed, the societal impact of floods has increased during the past few years and shows no sign of abating. Although the scientific questions associated with flooding and its accurate prediction are many and complex, an unprecedented opportunity now exists - in light of new observational and computing systems and infrastructures, a much improved understanding of small-scale meteorological and hydrological processes, and the availability of sophisticated numerical models and data assimilation systems - to attack the flood forecasting problem in a comprehensive manner that will yield significant new scientific insights and corresponding practical benefits. The authors present herein a set of recommendations for advancing our understanding of floods via the creation of natural laboratories situated in a variety of local meteorological and hydrological settings. Emphasis is given to floods caused by convection and cold season events, fronts and extratropical cyclones, orographic forcing, and hurricanes and tropical cyclones following landfall. Although the particular research strategies applied within each laboratory setting will necessarily vary, all will share the following principal elements: (a) exploitation of those couplings important to flooding that exist between meteorological and hydrological processes and models; (b) innovative use of operational radars, research radars, satellites, and rain gauges to provide detailed spatial characterizations of precipitation fields and rates, along with the use of this information in hydrological models and for improving and validating microphysical algorithms in meteorological models; (c) comparisons of quantitative precipitation estimation algorithms from both research (especially multiparameter) and operational radars against gauge data as well as output produced by meso- and storm-scale models; (d) use of data from dense, temporary river gauge networks to trace the fate of rain from its starting location in small basins to the entire stream and river network; and (e) sensitivity testing in the design and implementation of separate as well as coupled meteorological and hydrologic models, the latter designed to better represent those nonlinear feedbacks between the atmosphere and land that are known to play an important role in runoff prediction. Vital to this effort will be the creation of effective and sustained linkages between the historically separate though scientifically related disciplines of meteorology and hydrology, as well as their observational infrastructures and research methodologies.","largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","language":"English","issn":"00030007","usgsCitation":"Droegemeier, K., Smith, J., Businger, S., Doswell, C., Doyle, J., Duffy, C., Foufoula-Georgiou, E., Graziano, T., James, L., Krajewski, V., LeMone, M., Lettenmaier, D., Mass, C., Pielke, R., Ray, P., Rutledge, S., Schaake, J., and Zipser, E., 2000, Hydrological Aspects of Weather Prediction and Flood Warnings: Report of the Ninth Prospectus Development Team of the U.S. Weather Research Program, <i>in</i> Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 81, no. 11, p. 2665-2680.","startPage":"2665","endPage":"2680","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36a7e4b0c8380cd608b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Droegemeier, K.K.","contributorId":45578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droegemeier","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, J.D.","contributorId":35796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Businger, S.","contributorId":65331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Businger","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doswell, C. III","contributorId":62468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doswell","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doyle, J.","contributorId":74219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duffy, C.","contributorId":103930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Foufoula-Georgiou, E.","contributorId":64099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foufoula-Georgiou","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Graziano, T.","contributorId":28484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graziano","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"James, L.D.","contributorId":62469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Krajewski, V.","contributorId":97382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krajewski","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"LeMone, M.","contributorId":91743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeMone","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.","contributorId":9831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mass, C.","contributorId":92108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mass","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Pielke, R. Sr.","contributorId":37104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ray, P.","contributorId":91744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rutledge, S.","contributorId":63678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Schaake, J.","contributorId":63603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaake","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Zipser, E.","contributorId":103931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipser","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70022051,"text":"70022051 - 2000 - Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022051","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1775,"text":"Geologia Sudetica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata","docAbstract":"1 A classic biogeographic pattern is the alignment of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid races of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) across the Chihuahuan, Sonoran and Mohave Deserts of western North America. We used statistically robust differences in guard cell size of modern plants and fossil leaves from packrat middens to map current and past distributions of these ploidy races since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). 2 Glacial/early Holocene (26-10 14C kyr BP or thousands of radiocarbon years before present) populations included diploids along the lower Rio Grande of west Texas, 650 km removed from sympatric diploids and tetraploids in the lower Colorado River Basin of south-eastern California/south-western Arizona. Diploids migrated slowly from lower Rio Grande refugia with expansion into the northern Chihuahuan Desert sites forestalled until after ???4.0 14C kyr BP. Tetraploids expanded from the lower Colorado River Basin into the northern limits of the Sonoran Desert in central Arizona by 6.4 14C kyr BP. Hexaploids appeared by 8.5 14C kyr BP in the lower Colorado River Basin, reaching their northernmost limits (???37??N) in the Mohave Desert between 5.6 and 3.9 14C kyr BP. 3 Modern diploid isolates may have resulted from both vicariant and dispersal events. In central Baja California and the lower Colorado River Basin, modern diploids probably originated from relict populations near glacial refugia. Founder events in the middle and late Holocene established diploid outposts on isolated limestone outcrops in areas of central and southern Arizona dominated by tetraploid populations. 4 Geographic alignment of the three ploidy races along the modern gradient of increasingly drier and hotter summers is clearly a postglacial phenomenon, but evolution of both higher ploidy races must have happened before the Holocene. The exact timing and mechanism of polyploidy evolution in creosote bush remains a matter of conjecture. ?? 2001 Blackwell Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologia Sudetica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0072100X","usgsCitation":"Hunter, K., Betancourt, J., Riddle, B., Van Devender, T.R., Cole, K., and Geoffrey, S.W., 2000, Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata: Geologia Sudetica, v. 33, no. 2, p. 521-533.","startPage":"521","endPage":"533","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c86e4b0c8380cd79a21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, K.L.","contributorId":88905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riddle, B.R.","contributorId":91615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Devender, T. R.","contributorId":8033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Devender","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cole, K.L.","contributorId":87507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Geoffrey, Spaulding W.","contributorId":74901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geoffrey","given":"Spaulding","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022331,"text":"70022331 - 2000 - A method for mapping apparent stress and energy radiation applied to the 1994 Northridge earthquake fault zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T11:31:59","indexId":"70022331","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method for mapping apparent stress and energy radiation applied to the 1994 Northridge earthquake fault zone","docAbstract":"Using the Northridge earthquake as an example, we demonstrate a new technique able to resolve apparent stress within subfaults of a larger fault plane. From the model of Wald et al. (1996), we estimated apparent stress for each subfault using τ<sub>a</sub> = (G/β)<Ḋ>/2 where G is the modulus of rigidity, β is the shear wave speed, and <Ḋ> is the average slip rate. The image of apparent stress mapped over the Northridge fault plane supports the idea that the stresses causing fault slip are inhomogeneous, but limited by the strength of the crust. Indeed, over the depth range 5 to 17 km, maximum values of apparent stress for a given depth interval agree with τ<sub>a</sub>(max)=0.06S(z), where S is the laboratory estimate of crustal strength as a function of depth z. The seismic energy from each subfault was estimated from the product τ<sub>a</sub>DA, where A is subfault area and D its slip. Over the fault zone, we found that the radiated energy is quite variable spatially, with more than 50% of the total coming from just 15% of the subfaults.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/1999GL011344","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., and Fletcher, J.B., 2000, A method for mapping apparent stress and energy radiation applied to the 1994 Northridge earthquake fault zone: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 13, p. 1953-1956, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011344.","startPage":"1953","endPage":"1956","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011344"},{"id":230607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e454e4b0c8380cd465ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022584,"text":"70022584 - 2000 - Liquefaction evidence for the strength of ground motions resulting from Late Holocene Cascadia subduction earthquakes, with emphasis on the event of 1700 A.D.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T13:39:51.526375","indexId":"70022584","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Liquefaction evidence for the strength of ground motions resulting from Late Holocene Cascadia subduction earthquakes, with emphasis on the event of 1700 A.D.","docAbstract":"During the past decade, paleoseismic studies done by many researchers in the coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest have shown that regional downdropping and subsequent tsunami inundation occurred in response to a major earthquake along the Cascadia subduction zone. This earthquake occurred almost certainly in 1700 A.D., and is believed by many to have been of M 8.5-9 or perhaps larger. In order to characterize the severity of ground motions from this earthquake, we report on a field search and analysis of seismically induced liquefaction features. The search was conducted chiefly along the banks of islands in the lowermost Columbia River of Oregon and Washington and in stream banks along smaller rivers throughout southwestern Washington. To a lesser extent, the investigation included rivers in central Oregon. Numerous small- to moderate-sized liquefaction features from the earthquake of 1700 A.D. were found in some regions, but there was a notable lack of liquefaction features in others. The regional distribution of liquefaction features is evaluated as a function of geologic and geotechnical factors in different field settings near the coast. Our use of widely different field settings, each in which we independently assess the strength of shaking and arrive at the same conclusion, enhances the credibility of our interpretations. Our regional inventory of liquefaction features and preliminary geotechnical analysis of liquefaction potential provide substantial evidence for only moderate levels of ground shaking in coastal Washington and Oregon during the subduction earthquake of 1700 A.D. Additionally, it appears that a similar conclusion can be reached for an earlier subduction earthquake that occurred within the past 1100 years, which also has been characterized by others as being M 8 or greater. On the basis of more limited data for older events collected in our regional study, it appears that seismic shaking has been no stronger throughout Holocene time. Our interpreted levels of shaking are considerably lower than current estimates in the technical literature that use theoretical and statistical models to predict ground motions of subduction earthquakes in the Cascadia region. Because of the influence of estimated ground motions from Cascadia subduction-zone earthquakes on seismic hazard evaluations, more paleoliquefaction and geotechnical field studies are needed to definitively bracket the strength of shaking. With further work, it should be possible to extend the record of seismic shaking through much of Holocene time in large portions of Washington and Oregon.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0119980179","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Obermeier, S., and Dickenson, S., 2000, Liquefaction evidence for the strength of ground motions resulting from Late Holocene Cascadia subduction earthquakes, with emphasis on the event of 1700 A.D.: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 4, p. 876-896, https://doi.org/10.1785/0119980179.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"876","endPage":"896","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.51354980468749,\n              43.624147145668076\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.0089111328125,\n              43.624147145668076\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.0089111328125,\n              47.34626718205302\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.51354980468749,\n              47.34626718205302\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.51354980468749,\n              43.624147145668076\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47efe4b0c8380cd67abf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obermeier, S. F.","contributorId":17602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obermeier","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickenson, S.E.","contributorId":75566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickenson","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022583,"text":"70022583 - 2000 - Origin of rainwater acidity near the Los Azufres geothermal field, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70022583","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of rainwater acidity near the Los Azufres geothermal field, Mexico","docAbstract":"The chemical and isotopic compositions of rainwater were monitored at Los Azufres geothermal field (88 MWe) and its surroundings during May - September 1995, which is the rainy season. Samples were collected from eight sites: three within the field, three in its surroundings and two sufficiently far from the field such that they have no geothermal input. The concentrations of Cl-, SO42- and NO3- were measured in about 350 samples and found to be generally <5 ppm. Chloride concentrations remained constant with time, but sulfate and nitrate concentrations decreased, which suggests a nearby industrial source for the sulfate and nitrate. A mixing model for Cl-, SO42- and ??34S also suggests an industrial source for the rainwater sulfur. The determination of pH was found to be necessary, but is not sufficient to characterize rainwater acidity. The Gran titration method was used to determine alkalinity with respect to equivalence point of H2CO3(*). Values of alkalinity were found to range from 10-4 to 10-6 eq/L, and were negative only for some samples from Vivero and Guadalajara. Thus, SO42- and NO3- are in general not in acidic form (i.e. balanced by Na+, Ca2+, etc. rather than H+). Sulfate ??34S values were about -1.5??? in Los Azufres and its surroundings, and in Morelia, but differed from the value of -0.2??? for Guadalajara. The ??34S values for H2S from the Los Azufres geothermal wells are in the range -3.4 to 0.0???. The ??34S ranges for the natural and anthropogenic sources for environmental sulfur overlap, making it difficult to differentiate between the contribution of different sources. However, a similarity of values of ??34S at Los Azufres and Morelia (85 km distant) suggest a regional source of sulfate that is not associated with geothermal emissions from Los Azufres. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of CNR.The chemical compositions of rainwater were analyzed at Los Azufres geothermal field in Spain from May-September 1995. The concentrations of Cl-, SO42- and NO3- were measured and found to be generally <5 ppm. Chloride concentrations remained constant with time, but sulfate and nitrate concentrations decreased, suggesting a nearby industrial source. A mixing model for Cl-, SO42-, and ??34S also suggested an industrial source for the rainwater sulfur.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6505(00)00024-9","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Verma, M., Quijano, J., Johnson, C., Gerardo, J., and Arellano, V., 2000, Origin of rainwater acidity near the Los Azufres geothermal field, Mexico: Geothermics, v. 29, no. 4-5, p. 593-608, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(00)00024-9.","startPage":"593","endPage":"608","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206619,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(00)00024-9"},{"id":230395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70f0e4b0c8380cd76356","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verma, M.P.","contributorId":62080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verma","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quijano, J.L.","contributorId":86641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quijano","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Chad","contributorId":88678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerardo, J.Y.","contributorId":77800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerardo","given":"J.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arellano, V.","contributorId":15069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arellano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022058,"text":"70022058 - 2000 - Water quality degradation effects on freshwater availability: Impacts of human activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T15:37:25.188589","indexId":"70022058","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3713,"text":"Water International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Water quality degradation effects on freshwater availability: <i>Impacts of human activities</i>","title":"Water quality degradation effects on freshwater availability: Impacts of human activities","docAbstract":"The quality of freshwater at any point on the landscape reflects the combined effects of many processes along water pathways. Human activities on all spatial scales affect both water quality and quantity. Alteration of the landscape and associated vegetation has not only changed the water balance, but typically has altered processes that control water quality. Effects of human activities on a small scale are relevant to an entire drainage basin. Furthermore, local, regional, and global differences in climate and water flow are considerable, causing varying effects of human activities on land and water quality and quantity, depending on location within a watershed, geology, biology, physiographic characteristics, and climate. These natural characteristics also greatly control human activities, which will, in turn, modify (or affect) the natural composition of water. One of the most important issues for effective resource management is recognition of cyclical and cascading effects of human activities on the water quality and quantity along hydrologic pathways. The degradation of water quality in one part of a watershed can have negative effects on users downstream. Everyone lives downstream of the effects of some human activity. An extremely important factor is that substances added to the atmosphere, land, and water generally have relatively long time scales for removal or clean up. The nature of the substance, including its affinity for adhering to soil and its ability to be transformed, affects the mobility and the time scale for removal of the substance. Policy alone will not solve many of the degradation issues, but a combination of policy, education, scientific knowledge, planning, and enforcement of applicable laws can provide mechanisms for slowing the rate of degradation and provide human and environmental protection. Such an integrated approach is needed to effectively manage land and water resources.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02508060008686817","issn":"02508060","usgsCitation":"Peters, N.E., and Meybeck, M., 2000, Water quality degradation effects on freshwater availability: Impacts of human activities: Water International, v. 25, no. 2, p. 185-193, https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060008686817.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"193","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc893e4b08c986b32c9d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Norman E. nepeters@usgs.gov","contributorId":1324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Norman","email":"nepeters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meybeck, Michel","contributorId":43521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meybeck","given":"Michel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022699,"text":"70022699 - 2000 - Reservoir characterization of marine and permafrost associated gas hydrate accumulations with downhole well logs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022699","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Reservoir characterization of marine and permafrost associated gas hydrate accumulations with downhole well logs","docAbstract":"Gas volumes that may be attributed to a gas hydrate accumulation depend on a number of reservoir parameters, one of which, gas-hydrate saturation, can be assessed with data obtained from downhole well-logging devices. This study demonstrates that electrical resistivity and acoustic transit-time downhole log data can be used to quantify the amount of gas hydrate in a sedimentary section. Two unique forms of the Archie relation (standard and quick look relations) have been used in this study to calculate water saturations (S(w)) [gas-hydrate saturation (S(h)) is equal to (1.0 - S(w))] from the electrical resistivity log data in four gas hydrate accumulations. These accumulations are located on (1) the Blake Ridge along the Southeastern continental margin of the United States, (2) the Cascadia continental margin off the pacific coast of Canada, (3) the North Slope of Alaska, and (4) the Mackenzie River Delta of Canada. Compressional wave acoustic log data have also been used in conjunction with the Timur, modified Wood, and the Lee weighted average acoustic equations to calculate gas-hydrate saturations in all four areas assessed.","largerWorkTitle":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","language":"English","issn":"00778923","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., and Lee, M.W., 2000, Reservoir characterization of marine and permafrost associated gas hydrate accumulations with downhole well logs, <i>in</i> Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 912, p. 51-64.","startPage":"51","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"912","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa950e4b0c8380cd85d32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022071,"text":"70022071 - 2000 - Time-averaged fluxes of lead and fallout radionuclides to sediments in Florida Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T12:23:43","indexId":"70022071","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-averaged fluxes of lead and fallout radionuclides to sediments in Florida Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Recent, unmixed sediments from mud banks of central Florida Bay were dated using <sup>210</sup>Pb/<sup>226</sup>Ra, and chronologies were verified by comparing sediment lead temporal records with Pb/Ca ratios in annual layers of coral (<i>Montastrea annularis</i>) located on the ocean side of the Florida Keys. Dates of sediment lead peaks (1978±2) accord with prior observations of a 6 year lag between the occurrence of maximum atmospheric lead in 1972 and peak coral lead in 1978. Smaller lags of 1–2 years occur between the maximum atmospheric radionuclide fallout and peaks in sediment temporal records of <sup>137</sup>Cs and Pu. Such lags are consequences of system time averaging (STA) in which atmospherically delivered particle-associated constituents accumulate and mix in a (sedimentary?) reservoir before transferring to permanent sediments and coral. STA model calculations, using time-dependent atmospheric inputs, produced optimized profiles in excellent accord with measured sediment <sup>137</sup>Cs, Pu, lead, and coral lead distributions. Derived residence times of these particle tracers (16±1, 15.7±0.7, 19±3, and 16±2 years, respectively) are comparable despite differences in sampling locations, in accumulating media, and in element loading histories and geochemical properties. For a 16 year weighted mean residence time, STA generates the observed 6 year lead peak lag. Evidently, significant levels of nondegradable, particle-associated contaminants can persist in Florida Bay for many decades following elimination of external inputs. Present results, in combination with STA model analysis of previously reported radionuclide profiles, suggest that decade-scale time averaging may occur widely in recent coastal marine sedimentary environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/1999JC000271","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Robbins, J.A., Holmes, C., Halley, R., Bothner, M., Shinn, E., Graney, J., Keeler, G., TenBrink, M., Orlandini, K., and Rudnick, D., 2000, Time-averaged fluxes of lead and fallout radionuclides to sediments in Florida Bay: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 105, no. C12, p. 28805-28821, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC000271.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"28805","endPage":"28821","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.3974609375,\n              24.156778233303413\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.837646484375,\n              24.156778233303413\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.837646484375,\n              25.710836919640595\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3974609375,\n              25.710836919640595\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3974609375,\n              24.156778233303413\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"C12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3b6e4b08c986b325f74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, J. A.","contributorId":41843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbins","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, C.","contributorId":33067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halley, R.","contributorId":53552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shinn, E.","contributorId":56824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Graney, J.","contributorId":63560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graney","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Keeler, G.","contributorId":73772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeler","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"TenBrink, M.","contributorId":77320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"TenBrink","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Orlandini, K.A.","contributorId":7434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlandini","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rudnick, D.","contributorId":23710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudnick","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70022660,"text":"70022660 - 2000 - Sediment loads and accumulation in a small riparian wetland system in northern Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T14:13:57.336079","indexId":"70022660","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment loads and accumulation in a small riparian wetland system in northern Missouri","docAbstract":"<p>Sediment transport and deposition along a stream in an agricultural basin (65 km<sup>2</sup>) in northern Missouri, USA were quantified as part of a long-term study to evaluate effects of silvicultural practices on the hydrology, sediment, vegetation, and wildlife characteristics of remaining forested riparian systems. Median cumulative sediment deposition, measured using feldspar clay pads, increased from August 1995 to August 1998 at a rate of about 1 cm/yr. Median deposition amounts from single floods ranged from 0.03 cm to 0.64 cm. Floodplain and riparian maintenance flows corresponded to monitored floods with calculated recurrence intervals as low as &lt;2 years. Simple linear regression models, using flood event suspendedsediment load or streamflow characteristics, explained up to 82 percent of variability in median event sediment deposition on the floodplain clay pads. There was little apparent correlation between cumulative shortterm deposition and site elevation, distance from channel, longitudinal distance, or fluvial landform type. This may be due to upstream channelization, floodplain complexity, short duration of events, or sedimentload characteristics of low-recurrence interval floods (&lt;2 to 5 years) sampled in this study. Dendrogeomorphic measurements indicated a substantial increase in the mean rate of deposition on the Long Branch Creek floodplain from about 1950 through 1980. Eighty-nine percent of the clay pad monitoring sites and all dendrogeomorphic monitoring sites experienced net positive deposition emphasizing the role of this riparian area as a net sediment storage site.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0219:SLAAIA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., and Roell, M.J., 2000, Sediment loads and accumulation in a small riparian wetland system in northern Missouri: Wetlands, v. 20, no. 2, p. 219-231, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0219:SLAAIA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"231","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Macon County","otherGeospatial":"Atlanta Conservation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.50428199768066,\n              39.85500387809296\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.48042106628418,\n              39.85500387809296\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.48042106628418,\n              39.88787487783849\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.50428199768066,\n              39.88787487783849\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.50428199768066,\n              39.85500387809296\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b898fe4b08c986b316e22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roell, Michael J.","contributorId":82897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roell","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022396,"text":"70022396 - 2000 - Modelling carbon responses of tundra ecosystems to historical and projected climate: A comparison of a plot- and a global-scale ecosystem model to identify process-based uncertainties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022396","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling carbon responses of tundra ecosystems to historical and projected climate: A comparison of a plot- and a global-scale ecosystem model to identify process-based uncertainties","docAbstract":"We are developing a process-based modelling approach to investigate how carbon (C) storage of tundra across the entire Arctic will respond to projected climate change. To implement the approach, the processes that are least understood, and thus have the most uncertainty, need to be identified and studied. In this paper, we identified a key uncertainty by comparing the responses of C storage in tussock tundra at one site between the simulations of two models - one a global-scale ecosystem model (Terrestrial Ecosystem Model, TEM) and one a plot-scale ecosystem model (General Ecosystem Model, GEM). The simulations spanned the historical period (1921-94) and the projected period (1995-2100). In the historical period, the model simulations of net primary production (NPP) differed in their sensitivity to variability in climate. However, the long-term changes in C storage were similar in both simulations, because the dynamics of heterotrophic respiration (RH) were similar in both models. In contrast, the responses of C storage in the two model simulations diverged during the projected period. In the GEM simulation for this period, increases in RH tracked increases in NPP, whereas in the TEM simulation increases in RH lagged increases in NPP. We were able to make the long-term C dynamics of the two simulations agree by parameterizing TEM to the fast soil C pools of GEM. We concluded that the differences between the long-term C dynamics of the two simulations lay in modelling the role of the recalcitrant soil C. These differences, which reflect an incomplete understanding of soil processes, lead to quite different projections of the response of pan-Arctic C storage to global change. For example, the reference parameterization of TEM resulted in an estimate of cumulative C storage of 2032 g C m-2 for moist tundra north of 50??N, which was substantially higher than the 463 g C m-2 estimated for a parameterization of fast soil C dynamics. This uncertainty in the depiction of the role of recalcitrant soil C in long-term ecosystem C dynamics resulted from our incomplete understanding of controls over C and N transformations in Arctic soils. Mechanistic studies of these issues are needed to improve our ability to model the response of Arctic ecosystems to global change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06009.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Clein, J.S., Kwiatkowski, B., McGuire, A., Hobbie, J., Rastetter, E.B., Melillo, J.M., and Kicklighter, D., 2000, Modelling carbon responses of tundra ecosystems to historical and projected climate: A comparison of a plot- and a global-scale ecosystem model to identify process-based uncertainties: Global Change Biology, v. 6, no. SUPPLEMENT 1, p. 127-140, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06009.x.","startPage":"127","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206680,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06009.x"},{"id":230535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"SUPPLEMENT 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c61e4b0c8380cd6fc4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clein, Joy S.","contributorId":83697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clein","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwiatkowski, B.L.","contributorId":21719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwiatkowski","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hobbie, J.E.","contributorId":46254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobbie","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rastetter, E. B.","contributorId":48342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rastetter","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70185094,"text":"70185094 - 2000 - Response of geese to aircraft disturbances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T15:26:43","indexId":"70185094","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5319,"text":"Terra Borealis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Response of geese to aircraft disturbances","docAbstract":"<p>Low-flying aircraft can affect behavior, physiology, and distribution of wildlife (Manci et al., 1988), and over time, may impact a population by reducing survival and reproductive performance. Thus, it is important to identify the particular aspects of overflights that affect animals so that management strategies can be developed to minimize adverse effects.</p><p>Waterfowl are particularly sensitive to low-flying aircraft (Manci et al., 1988) and respond at all stages of their annual cycle, including breeding (Gollop et al., 1974a; Laing, 1991), molting (Derksen et al., 1979; Mosbech and Glahder, 1991), migration (Jones and Jones, 1966; Belanger and Bedard, 1989), and wintering (Owens, 1977; Kramer et al., 1979; Henry, 1980). Waterfowl response can be quite variable both within and among species (Fleming et al., 1996). For example, response can vary with age, sex, and body condition of individual, habitat type and quality, and previous exposure to aircraft (Dahlgren and Korshgen, 1992). However, the most important factors influencing a response are aircraft type (Davis and Wiseley, 1974; Jensen, 1990), noise (Mosbech and Glahder, 1991; Temple, 1993), and proximity to the birds, as measured in altitude and lateral distance (Derksen et al., 1979; Belanger and Bedard, 1989; Ward et al., 1994). Wildlife managers can reduce impacts on a population by controlling or modifying these factors.</p><p>In an experimental study conducted at Izembek Lagoon in southwestern Alaska in 1985-1988 (Ward and Stehn, 1989), we conducted planned aircraft overflights with control of aircraft type, noise, altitude, and lateral distance to flocks (hereafter called lateral distance) to measure behavioral response of fall-staging Pacific brant (<i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i>) and Canada geese (<i>B. canadensis taverneri</i>) to fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft. These data were then used to develop predictive models of the relationship between aircraft type, noise, altitude, and lateral distance and the response of geese (Ward et al., 1989). We also developed a simulation model incorporating energy intake and daily energy costs to assess the long-term consequences of repeated overflights on the ability of brant to obtain sufficient energy reserves necessary for fall migration and over winter survival (Ward and Stehn, 1989).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of noise on wildlife conference (Terra Borealis no. 2)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Effects of noise on wildlife conference","conferenceDate":"August 22-23, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Institute for Environmental Monitoring and Research","publisherLocation":"Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL, Canada","issn":"14810336","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.H., Stehn, R.A., and Derksen, D.V., 2000, Response of geese to aircraft disturbances, <i>in</i> Effects of noise on wildlife conference (Terra Borealis no. 2), v. 2, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL, Canada, August 22-23, 2000, p. 52-55.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula, Izembek Lagoon","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c9012ae4b0849ce97abd26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehn, Robert A.","contributorId":83986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehn","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182186,"text":"70182186 - 2000 - Applying metapopulation theory to conservation of migratory birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:12:48","indexId":"70182186","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying metapopulation theory to conservation of migratory birds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Metapopulation theory has proven useful for understanding the population structure and dynamics of many species of conservation concern. The metapopulation concept has been applied almost exclusively to nonmigratory species, however, for which subpopulation demographic independence—a requirement for a classically defined metapopulation - is explicitly related to geographic distribution and dispersal probabilities. Defining the degree of demographic independence among subpopulations of migratory animals, and thus the applicability of metapopulation theory as a conceptual framework for understanding population dynamics, is much more difficult. Unlike nonmigratory species, subpopulations of migratory animals cannot be defined as synonymous with geographic areas. Groups of migratory birds that are geographically separate at one part of the annual cycle may occur together at others, but co-occurrence in time and space does not preclude the demographic independence of subpopulations. I suggest that metapopulation theory can be applied to migratory species but that understanding the degree of subpopulation independence may require information about both spatial distribution throughout the annual cycle and behavioral mechanisms that may lead to subpopulation demographic independence. The key for applying metapopulation theory to migratory animals lies in identifying demographically independent subpopulations, even as they move during the annual cycle and potentially co-occur with other subpopulations. Using examples of migratory bird species, I demonstrate that spatial and temporal modes of subpopulation independence can interact with behavioral mechanisms to create demographically independent subpopulations, including cases in which subpopulations are not spatially distinct in some parts of the annual cycle.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98147.x","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., 2000, Applying metapopulation theory to conservation of migratory birds: Conservation Biology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 366-372, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98147.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e32e4b0ce4410e7d612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022900,"text":"70022900 - 2000 - A time-dependent probabilistic seismic-hazard model for California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T18:43:07.78809","indexId":"70022900","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A time-dependent probabilistic seismic-hazard model for California","docAbstract":"For the purpose of sensitivity testing and illuminating nonconsensus components of time-dependent models, the California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) has assembled a time-dependent version of its statewide probabilistic seismic hazard (PSH) model for California. The model incorporates available consensus information from within the earth-science community, except for a few faults or fault segments where consensus information is not available. For these latter faults, published information has been incorporated into the model. As in the 1996 CDMG/U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) model, the time-dependent models incorporate three multisegment ruptures: a 1906, an 1857, and a southern San Andreas earthquake. Sensitivity tests are presented to show the effect on hazard and expected damage estimates of (1) intrinsic (aleatory) sigma, (2) multisegment (cascade) vs. independent segment (no cascade) ruptures, and (3) time-dependence vs. time-independence. Results indicate that (1) differences in hazard and expected damage estimates between time-dependent and independent models increase with decreasing intrinsic sigma, (2) differences in hazard and expected damage estimates between full cascading and not cascading are insensitive to intrinsic sigma, (3) differences in hazard increase with increasing return period (decreasing probability of occurrence), and (4) differences in moment-rate budgets increase with decreasing intrinsic sigma and with the degree of cascading, but are within the expected uncertainty in PSH time-dependent modeling and do not always significantly affect hazard and expected damage estimates.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0119980087","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Cramer, C., Petersen, M., Cao, T., Toppozada, T.R., and Reichle, M., 2000, A time-dependent probabilistic seismic-hazard model for California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, 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,{"id":70185677,"text":"70185677 - 2000 - Approaches to modelling uranium (VI) adsorption on natural mineral assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T11:45:26","indexId":"70185677","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3226,"text":"Radiochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches to modelling uranium (VI) adsorption on natural mineral assemblages","docAbstract":"<p><span>Component additivity (CA) and generalised composite (GC) approaches to deriving a suitable surface complexation model for description of U(VI) adsorption to natural mineral assemblages are pursued in this paper with good success. A single, ferrihydrite-like component is found to reasonably describe uranyl uptake to a number of kaolinitic iron-rich natural substrates at pH &gt; 4 in the CA approach with previously published information on nature of surface complexes, acid-base properties of surface sites and electrostatic effects used in the model. The GC approach, in which little pre-knowledge about generic surface sites is assumed, gives even better fits and would appear to be a method of particular strength for application in areas such as performance assessment provided the model is developed in a careful, stepwise manner with simplicity and goodness of fit as the major criteria for acceptance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency ","doi":"10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.687","usgsCitation":"Waite, T., Davis, J., Fenton, B., and Payne, T., 2000, Approaches to modelling uranium (VI) adsorption on natural mineral assemblages: Radiochimica Acta, v. 88, p. 687-696, https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.687.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"687","endPage":"696","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253ae4b0543bf7fda857","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, T.D.","contributorId":31116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenton, B.R.","contributorId":189879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenton","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Payne, T.E.","contributorId":31916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30555,"text":"wri014007 - 2000 - Simulations of flooding on Tchoutacabouffa River at State Highways 15 and 67 at D'Iberville, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T18:31:55.160531","indexId":"wri014007","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4007","title":"Simulations of flooding on Tchoutacabouffa River at State Highways 15 and 67 at D'Iberville, Mississippi","docAbstract":"<p>A two-dimensional finite-element surface-water model was used to simulate the effects of the proposed State Highways 15 and 67 relocation on water-surface elevations and flow distributions for the 100-year flood on the Tchoutacabouffa River at D'Iberville, Mississippi. The Mississippi Department of Transportation plans to relocate State Highways 15 and 67 by removing a portion of the existing four-lane highway and constructing a four-lane facility upstream of the existing alignment. The proposed alignment is located on the northern floodplain and will tie into the existing highway about 1,000 feet north of the dual State Highways 15 and 67 bridges. The proposed alignment will intercept flows that cross the existing highway during large floods. Seven scenarios were simulated for the 100-year flood, including four proposed alternative configurations for drainage structures. The model grid was developed by using surveyed floodplain cross sections and channel bathymetry data obtained by using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, in combination with a global positioning system. The model was calibrated and verified by using surveyed flood profiles through the study reach and flood discharge measurements obtained at the State Highways 15 and 67 crossing. Model parameters were adjusted so that the computed water-surface profiles agreed closely with the surveyed flood profiles. Computed water-surface differentials across the proposed alignment near the northern edge of the floodplain for the four alternatives proposed by the Mississippi Department of Transportation ranged from 1.4 to 2.6 feet. Much lower differentials were computed in the vicinity of the main-channel bridge. The computed water-surface elevation at McCully Drive, upstream of the proposed alignment, was 17.3 feet for existing conditions. Computed water-surface elevations at McCully Drive for the proposed alternatives ranged from 17.3 to 17.8 feet.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Winters, K.E., 2000, Simulations of flooding on Tchoutacabouffa River at State Highways 15 and 67 at D'Iberville, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4007, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014007.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":400107,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34904.htm"},{"id":401772,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","city":"D'Iberville","otherGeospatial":"Tchoutacabouffa River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.92419815063477,\n              30.454149023624225\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.89003753662108,\n              30.454149023624225\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.89003753662108,\n              30.476491157902103\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.92419815063477,\n              30.476491157902103\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.92419815063477,\n              30.454149023624225\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3fe7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, Karl E. kwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":3554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"Karl","email":"kwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":203448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70181812,"text":"70181812 - 2000 - Paradigm shifts in theory and methods: regression quantile analysis enables new insights for ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T13:54:40","indexId":"70181812","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Paradigm shifts in theory and methods: regression quantile analysis enables new insights for ecology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling (GISEM4): Problems, Prospect and Research Needs for Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"4th International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling (GISEM4)","conferenceDate":"September 2-8, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Banff, Alberta","language":"English","publisher":"University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","usgsCitation":"Bock, C., and Cade, B.S., 2000, Paradigm shifts in theory and methods: regression quantile analysis enables new insights for ecology, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling (GISEM4): Problems, Prospect and Research Needs for Research, Banff, Alberta, September 2-8, 2000, p. 1-10.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42539e4b0c825128ad46c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bock, C.E.","contributorId":75485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bock","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015128,"text":"1015128 - 2000 - Test of a modified habitat suitability model for bighorn sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T16:23:33","indexId":"1015128","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Test of a modified habitat suitability model for bighorn sheep","docAbstract":"<p>Translocation of bighorn sheep (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>) is time, labor, and cost intensive and, therefore, high levels of success are desirable. We tested a widely used habitat suitability model against translocation success and then modified it to include additional factors which improved its usefulness in predicting appropriate translocation sites. The modified Smith habitat suitability model for bighorn sheep was 64% accurate in predicting success or failure of 32 translocations of bighorn sheep into the Rocky Mountains, Colorado Plateau desert, and prairie-badlands of six states. We had sheep location data for 13 populations, and the modified habitat model predicted the areas used by bighorn sheep with greater than 90% accuracy in eight populations, greater than 55% accuracy in four populations, and less than 55% accuracy in one population. Translocations were more successful when sheep were placed into discrete habitat patches containing a high proportion of lambing period habitat (&gt;10% of suitable habitat, <i>p</i> = 0.05), where animals had a migratory tendency (&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>p</i> = 0.02), no contact with domestic sheep (&nbsp;<i>p</i> = 0.02), or greater distance to domestic sheep (&gt;23 km, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Rate of population growth was best predicted by area of lambing period habitat, potential area of winter range, and distance to domestic sheep. We retested the model using these refined criteria and the refined model then predicted success or failure of these 32 translocated populations with 82% accuracy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80064.x","usgsCitation":"Zeigenfuss, L., Singer, F.J., and Gudorf, M., 2000, Test of a modified habitat suitability model for bighorn sheep: Restoration Ecology, v. 8, no. 4S, p. 38-46, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80064.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684c2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeigenfuss, L. C.","contributorId":69089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"L. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gudorf, M.A.","contributorId":92205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gudorf","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008394,"text":"1008394 - 2000 - A dynamic landscape model for fish in the Everglades and its application to restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T12:49:12","indexId":"1008394","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A dynamic landscape model for fish in the Everglades and its application to restoration","docAbstract":"<p><span>A model (ALFISH) for fish functional groups in freshwater marshes of the greater Everglades area of southern Florida has been developed. Its main objective is to assess the spatial pattern of fish densities through time across freshwater marshes. This model has the capability of providing a dynamic measure of the spatially-explicit food resources available to wading birds. ALFISH simulates two functional groups, large and small fish, where the larger ones can prey on the small fish type. Both functional groups are size-structured. The marsh landscape is modeled as 500&times;500 m spatial cells on a grid across southern Florida. A hydrology model predicts water levels in the spatial cells on 5-day time steps. Fish populations spread across the marsh during flooded conditions and either retreat into refugia (alligator ponds), move to other spatial cells, or die if their cell dries out. ALFISH has been applied to the evaluation of alternative water regulation scenarios under the Central and South Florida Comprehensive Project Review Study. The objective of this Review Study is to compare alternative methods for restoring historical ecological conditions in southern Florida. ALFISH has provided information on which plans are most are likely to increase fish biomass and its availability to wading bird populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00202-1","usgsCitation":"Gaff, H., DeAngelis, D., Gross, L., Salinas, R., and Shorrosh, M., 2000, A dynamic landscape model for fish in the Everglades and its application to restoration: Ecological Modelling, v. 127, no. 1, p. 33-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00202-1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aecc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaff, H.D.","contributorId":12424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaff","given":"H.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, L.J.","contributorId":65030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salinas, R.","contributorId":57804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salinas","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shorrosh, M.","contributorId":101611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shorrosh","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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