{"pageNumber":"1204","pageRowStart":"30075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70021448,"text":"70021448 - 1999 - Depositional history of the Fire Clay coal bed (Late Duckmantian), Eastern Kentucky, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021448","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional history of the Fire Clay coal bed (Late Duckmantian), Eastern Kentucky, USA","docAbstract":"More than 3800 coal thickness measurements, proximate analyses from 97 localities, and stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses from more than 300 outcrops and cores were used in conjunction with previously reported palynological and petrographic studies to map individual benches of the coal and document bench-scale variability in the Fire Clay (Hazard No. 4) coal bed across a 1860 km2 area of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field. The bench architecture of the Fire Clay coal bed consists of uncommon leader benches, a persistent but variable lower bench, a widespread, and generally thick upper bench, and local, variable rider benches. Rheotrophic conditions are inferred for the leader benches and lower bench based on sedimentological associations, mixed palynomorph assemblages, locally common cannel coal layers, and generally high ash yields. The lower bench consistently exhibits vertical variability in petrography and palynology that reflects changing trophic conditions as topographic depressions infilled. Infilling also led to unconfined flooding and ultimately the drowning of the lower bench mire. The drowned mire was covered by an air-fall volcanic-ash deposit, which produced the characteristic flint clay parting. The extent and uniform thickness of the parting suggests that the ash layer was deposited in water on a relatively flat surface without a thick canopy or extensive standing vegetation across most of the study area. Ash deposits led to regional ponding and establishment of a second planar mire. Because the topography had become a broadly uniform, nutrient-rich surface, upper-bench peats became widespread with large areas of the mire distant to clastic sources. Vertical sections of thick (> 70 cm), low-ash yield, upper coal bench show a common palynomorph change from arborescent lycopod dominance upward to fern and densospore-producing, small lycopod dominance, inferred as a shift from planar to ombrotrophic mire phases. Domed mires appear to have been surrounded by wide areas of planar mires, where the coal was thinner (< 70 cm), higher in ash yield, and dominated by arborescent lycopods. Rectangular thickness trends suggest that syndepositional faulting influenced peat accumulation, and possibly the position of the domed mire phase. Faulting also influenced post-depositional clastic environments of deposition, resulting in sandstone channels with angular changes in orientation. Channels and lateral facies were locally draped by high-ash-yield rider coal benches, which sometimes merged with the upper coal bench. These arborescent-lycopod dominant rider coal benches were profoundly controlled by palcotopography, much like the leader coal benches. Each of the benches of coal documented here represent distinctly different mires that came together to form the Fire Clay coal bed, rather than a single mire periodically split by clastic influx. This is significant as each bench of the coal has its own characteristics, which contribute to the total coal characteristics. The large data set allows interpretation of both vertical and lateral limits to postulated domed phases in the upper coal bench, and to the delineation of subtle tectonic structures that allow for meaningful thickness projections beyond the limits of present mining.A study was conducted to analyze the depositional history of the Fire Clay coal bed in the eastern Kentucky coal field. The study involved over 3800 coal thickness measurements, proximate analyses from 97 localities, and stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses from more than 300 outcrops and cores in conjunction with previously reported palynological and petrographic studies to map individual benches of the coal and document bench-scale variability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00004-X","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Greb, S., Eble, C., and Hower, J., 1999, Depositional history of the Fire Clay coal bed (Late Duckmantian), Eastern Kentucky, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 40, no. 4, p. 255-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00004-X.","startPage":"255","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206367,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00004-X"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fec6e4b0c8380cd4ef04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greb, S.F.","contributorId":48294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greb","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021706,"text":"70021706 - 1999 - Preliminary results on photometric properties of materials at the Sagan Memorial Station, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:53:27","indexId":"70021706","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary results on photometric properties of materials at the Sagan Memorial Station, Mars","docAbstract":"

Reflectance measurements of selected rocks and soils over a wide range of illumination geometries obtained by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) camera provide constraints on interpretations of the physical and mineralogical nature of geologic materials at the landing site. The data sets consist of (1) three small “photometric spot” subframed scenes, covering phase angles from 20° to 150°; (2) two image strips composed of three subframed images each, located along the antisunrise and antisunset lines (photometric equator), covering phase angles from ∼0° to 155°; and (3) full‐image scenes of the rock “Yogi,” covering phase angles from 48° to 100°. Phase functions extracted from calibrated data exhibit a dominantly backscattering photometric function, consistent with the results from the Viking lander cameras. However, forward scattering behavior does appear at phase angles >140°, particularly for the darker gray rock surfaces. Preliminary efforts using a Hapke scattering model are useful in comparing surface properties of different rock and soil types but are not well constrained, possibly due to the incomplete phase angle availability, uncertainties related to the photometric function of the calibration targets, and/or the competing effects of diffuse and direct lighting. Preliminary interpretations of the derived Hapke parameters suggest that (1) red rocks can be modeled as a mixture of gray rocks with a coating of bright and dark soil or dust, and (2) gray rocks have macroscopically smoother surfaces composed of microscopically homogeneous, clear materials with little internal scattering, which may imply a glass‐like or varnished surface.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/98JE02247","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., Kirk, R.L., Soderblom, L.A., Gaddis, L.R., Reid, R.J., Britt, D.T., Smith, P., Lemmon, M.T., Thomas, N., Bell, J., Bridges, N.T., Anderson, R., Herkenhoff, K.E., Maki, J.N., Murchie, S., Dummel, A., Jaumann, R., Trauthan, F., and Arnold, G., 1999, Preliminary results on photometric properties of materials at the Sagan Memorial Station, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 104, no. E4, p. 8809-8830, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE02247.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"8809","endPage":"8830","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98je02247","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars; Sagan Memorial Station","volume":"104","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8a80e4b0c8380cd7e07d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":200393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reid, Robert J.","contributorId":211039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reid","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Britt, Daniel T.","contributorId":211040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Britt","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Peter","contributorId":63853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lemmon, Mark T.","contributorId":99419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemmon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thomas, Nicolas","contributorId":203694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25430,"text":"University of Bern","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bell, James F. III","contributorId":195298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"James F. ","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":34032,"text":"School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bridges, Nathan T.","contributorId":45005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Anderson, Robert","contributorId":72037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Maki, Justin N.","contributorId":30498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maki","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Murchie, Scott L.","contributorId":22615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"Scott L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Dummel, Andreas","contributorId":211041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dummel","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Jaumann, Ralf","contributorId":147249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Trauthan, Frank","contributorId":211042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trauthan","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Arnold, Gabriele","contributorId":211043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Gabriele","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70020994,"text":"70020994 - 1999 - Data set incongruence and correlated character evolution: An example of functional convergence in the hind-limbs of stifftail diving ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T15:46:21.70157","indexId":"70020994","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3510,"text":"Systematic Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data set incongruence and correlated character evolution: An example of functional convergence in the hind-limbs of stifftail diving ducks","docAbstract":"

The unwitting inclusion of convergent characters in phylogenetic estimates poses a serious problem for efforts to recover phylogeny. Convergence is not inscrutable, however, particularly when one group of characters tracks phylogeny and another set tracks adaptive history. In such cases, convergent characters may be correlated with one or a few functional anatomical units and readily identifiable by using comparative methods. Stifftail ducks (Oxyurinae) offer one such opportunity to study correlated character evolution and function in the context of phylogenetic reconstruction. Morphological analyses place stifftail ducks as part of a large clade of diving ducks that includes the sea ducks (Mergini), Hymenolaimus, Merganetta, and Tachyeres, and possibly the pochards (Aythyini). Molecular analyses, on the other hand, place stifftails far from other diving ducks and suggest, moreover, that stifftails are polyphyletic. Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences of eight stifftail species traditionally supposed to form a clade were compared with each other and with sequences from 50 other anseriform and galliform species. Stifftail ducks are not the sister group of sea ducks but lie outside the typical ducks (Anatinae). Of the four traditional stifftail genera, monophyly of Oxyura and its sister group relationship with Nomonyx are strongly supported. Heteronetta probably is the sister group of that clade, but support is weak. Biziura is not a true stifftail. Within Oxyura, Old World species (O. australis, O. leucocephala, O. maccoa) appear to form a clade, with New World species (O. jamaicensis, O. vittata) branching basally. Incongruence between molecules and morphology is interpreted to be the result of adaptive specialization and functional convergence in the hind limbs of Biziura and true stifftails. When morphological characters are divided into classes, only hind-limb characters are significantly in conflict with the molecular tree. Likewise, null models of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution based on patterns of codon-degeneracy and chemical dissimilarity indicate that the nucleotide and amino acid changes postulated by the molecular tree are more plausible than those postulated by the morphological tree. These findings teach general lessons about the utility of highly adaptive characters (in particular those related to foraging ecology) and underscore the problems that convergence can pose for attempts to recover phylogeny. They also demonstrate how the concept of natural data partitions and simple models of evolution (e.g., parsimony, likelihood, neutrality) can be used to test the accuracy of independent phylogenetic estimates and provide arguments in favor of one tree topology over another.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1080/106351599259979","issn":"10635157","usgsCitation":"McCracken, K.G., Harshman, J., Mcclellan, D.A., and Afton, A., 1999, Data set incongruence and correlated character evolution: An example of functional convergence in the hind-limbs of stifftail diving ducks: Systematic Biology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 683-714, https://doi.org/10.1080/106351599259979.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"683","endPage":"714","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/106351599259979","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdb7e4b0c8380cd4e93b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCracken, K. G.","contributorId":7431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCracken","given":"K.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harshman, J.","contributorId":15785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harshman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mcclellan, D. A.","contributorId":81654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcclellan","given":"D.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021236,"text":"70021236 - 1999 - Age and thermal history of the Geysers plutonic complex (felsite unit), Geysers geothermal field, California: A 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021236","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and thermal history of the Geysers plutonic complex (felsite unit), Geysers geothermal field, California: A 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb study","docAbstract":"Sixty-nine ion microprobe spot analyses of zircons from four granite samples from the plutonic complex that underlies the Geysers geothermal field yield 207Pb/206Pb vs. 238U/206Pb concordia ages ranging from 1.13 ?? 0.04 Ma to 1.25 ?? 0.04 (1??) Ma. The weighted mean of the U/Pb model ages is 1.18 ?? 0.03 Ma. The U-Pb ages coincide closely with 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum plateau and 'terminal' ages from coexisting K-feldspars and with the eruption ages of overlying volcanic rocks. The data indicate that the granite crystallized at 1.18 Ma and had cooled below 350??C by ~0.9-1.0 Ma. Interpretation of the feldspar 40Ar/39Ar age data using multi-diffusion domain theory indicates that post-emplacement rapid cooling was succeeded either by slower cooling from 350??to 300??C between 1.0 and 0.4 Ma or transitory reheating to 300-350??C at about 0.4-0.6 Ma. Subsequent rapid cooling to below 260??C between 0.4 and 0.2 Ma is in agreement with previous proposals that vapor-dominated conditions were initiated within the hydrothermal system at this time. Heat flow calculations constrained with K-feldspar thermal histories and the present elevated regional heat flow anomaly demonstrate that appreciable heat input from sources external to the known Geysers plutonic complex is required to maintain the geothermal system. This requirement is satisfied by either a large, underlying, convecting magma chamber (now solidified) emplaced at 1.2 Ma or episodic intrusion of smaller bodies from 1.2 to 0.6 Ma.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00223-X","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Dalrymple, G.B., Grove, M., Lovera, O., Harrison, T., Hulen, J.B., and Lanphere, M.A., 1999, Age and thermal history of the Geysers plutonic complex (felsite unit), Geysers geothermal field, California: A 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb study: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 173, no. 3, p. 285-298, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00223-X.","startPage":"285","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00223-X"}],"volume":"173","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8e4e4b0c8380cd47f55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalrymple, G. B.","contributorId":10407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grove, M.","contributorId":65271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovera, O.M.","contributorId":37212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovera","given":"O.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrison, T.M.","contributorId":60788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hulen, J. B.","contributorId":44183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70021503,"text":"70021503 - 1999 - Active tectonics of the Seattle fault and central Puget sound, Washington - Implications for earthquake hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T00:54:37.785288","indexId":"70021503","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Active tectonics of the Seattle fault and central Puget sound, Washington - Implications for earthquake hazards","docAbstract":"

We use an extensive network of marine high-resolution and conventional industry seismic-reflection data to constrain the location, shallow structure, and displacement rates of the Seattle fault zone and crosscutting high-angle faults in the Puget Lowland of western Washington. Analysis of seismic profiles extending 50 km across the Puget Lowland from Lake Washington to Hood Canal indicates that the west-trending Seattle fault comprises a broad (4–6 km) zone of three or more south-dipping reverse faults. Quaternary sediment has been folded and faulted along all faults in the zone but is clearly most pronounced along fault A, the northernmost fault, which forms the boundary between the Seattle uplift and Seattle basin. Analysis of growth strata deposited across fault A indicate minimum Quaternary slip rates of about 0.6 mm/yr. Slip rates across the entire zone are estimated to be 0.7–1.1 mm/yr.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1042:ATOTSF>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dadisman, S.V., Childs, J., and Stanley, W.D., 1999, Active tectonics of the Seattle fault and central Puget sound, Washington - Implications for earthquake hazards: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, no. 7, p. 1042-1053, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1042:ATOTSF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1042","endPage":"1053","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.30635752515691,\n 49.70595887505391\n ],\n [\n -125.30635752515691,\n 46.8105334448706\n ],\n [\n -121.70284190015704,\n 46.8105334448706\n ],\n [\n -121.70284190015704,\n 49.70595887505391\n ],\n [\n -125.30635752515691,\n 49.70595887505391\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6ade4b0c8380cd475a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, S. Y.","contributorId":48572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dadisman, S. V.","contributorId":98735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"S.","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Childs, J.R.","contributorId":63011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, W. D.","contributorId":86756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021691,"text":"70021691 - 1999 - Digital mapping of the Mars Pathfinder landing site: Design, acquisition, and derivation of cartographic products for science applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T13:11:12","indexId":"70021691","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital mapping of the Mars Pathfinder landing site: Design, acquisition, and derivation of cartographic products for science applications","docAbstract":"

The Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) acquired more than 16,000 images and provided panoramic views of the surface of Mars at the Mars Pathfinder landing site in Ares Vallis. This paper describes the stereoscopic, multispectral IMP imaging sequences and focuses on their use for digital mapping of the landing site and for deriving cartographic products to support science applications of these data. Two‐dimensional cartographic processing of IMP data, as performed via techniques and specialized software developed for ISIS (the U.S. Geological Survey image processing software package), is emphasized. Cartographic processing of IMP data includes ingestion, radiometric correction, establishment of geometric control, coregistration of multiple bands, reprojection, and mosaicking. Photogrammetric processing, an integral part of this cartographic work which utilizes the three‐dimensional character of the IMP data, supplements standard processing with geometric control and topographic information [Kirk et al., this issue]. Both cartographic and photogrammetric processing are required for producing seamless image mosaics and for coregistering the multispectral IMP data. Final, controlled IMP cartographic products include spectral cubes, panoramic (360° azimuthal coverage) and planimetric (top view) maps, and topographic data, to be archived on four CD‐ROM volumes. Uncontrolled and semicontrolled versions of these products were used to support geologic characterization of the landing site during the nominal and extended missions. Controlled products have allowed determination of the topography of the landing site and environs out to ∼60 m, and these data have been used to unravel the history of large‐ and small‐scale geologic processes which shaped the observed landing site. We conclude by summarizing several lessons learned from cartographic processing of IMP data.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/1998JE900013","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gaddis, L.R., Kirk, R.L., Johnson, J.R., Soderblom, L.A., Ward, A.W., Barrett, J., Becker, K.J., Becker, T.L., Blue, J., Cook, D., Eliason, E., Hare, T.M., Howington-Kraus, E., Isbell, C., Lee, E., Redding, B.L., Sucharski, R.M., Sucharski, T.L., Smith, P.H., and Britt, D., 1999, Digital mapping of the Mars Pathfinder landing site: Design, acquisition, and derivation of cartographic products for science applications: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 104, no. E4, p. 8853-8868, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JE900013.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"8853","endPage":"8868","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"104","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0169e4b0c8380cd4fbd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ward, A. W.","contributorId":8129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barrett, J.","contributorId":48275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Becker, Kris J. 0000-0003-1971-5957 kbecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1971-5957","contributorId":2910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Kris","email":"kbecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Becker, Tammy L. tbecker@usgs.gov","contributorId":4388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Tammy","email":"tbecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Blue, J.","contributorId":53111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blue","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cook, D.","contributorId":61774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Eliason, E.","contributorId":92796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Howington-Kraus, Elpitha 0000-0001-5787-6554 ahowington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-6554","contributorId":2815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howington-Kraus","given":"Elpitha","email":"ahowington@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Isbell, C.","contributorId":28397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isbell","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lee, E.M.","contributorId":17005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Redding, Bonnie L. 0000-0001-8178-1467 bredding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-1467","contributorId":4798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redding","given":"Bonnie","email":"bredding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sucharski, Robert M. bsucharski@usgs.gov","contributorId":5051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sucharski","given":"Robert","email":"bsucharski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":390755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Sucharski, Tracie L. tsucharski@usgs.gov","contributorId":4586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sucharski","given":"Tracie","email":"tsucharski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":390748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Smith, P. H.","contributorId":94058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Britt, D.T.","contributorId":72150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britt","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70021490,"text":"70021490 - 1999 - Seismic slope-performance analysis: from hazard map to decision support system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70021490","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3520,"text":"Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Monograph","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic slope-performance analysis: from hazard map to decision support system","docAbstract":"In response to the growing recognition of engineers and decision-makers of the regional effects of earthquake-induced landslides, this paper presents a general approach to conducting seismic landslide zonation, based on the popular Newmark's sliding block analogy for modeling coherent landslides. Four existing models based on the sliding block analogy are compared. The comparison shows that the models forecast notably different levels of slope performance. Considering this discrepancy along with the limitations of static maps as a decision tool, a spatial decision support system (SDSS) for seismic landslide analysis is proposed, which will support investigations over multiple scales for any number of earthquake scenarios and input conditions. Most importantly, the SDSS will allow use of any seismic landslide analysis model and zonation approach. Developments associated with the SDSS will produce an object-oriented model for encapsulating spatial data, an object-oriented specification to allow construction of models using modular objects, and a direct-manipulation, dynamic user-interface that adapts to the particular seismic landslide model configuration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Monograph","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1999 5th U.S. Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering: Optimazing Post-Earthquake Lifeline System Reliability","conferenceDate":"12 August 1999 through 14 August 1999","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Miles, S.B., Keefer, D.K., and Ho, C.L., 1999, Seismic slope-performance analysis: from hazard map to decision support system: Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Monograph, no. 16, p. 71-80.","startPage":"71","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b62e4b08c986b3177c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, Scott B.","contributorId":38600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, David K.","contributorId":77930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ho, Carlton L.","contributorId":26097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ho","given":"Carlton","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021488,"text":"70021488 - 1999 - Obtaining environmental measures to facilitate vertebrate habitat modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70021488","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Obtaining environmental measures to facilitate vertebrate habitat modeling","docAbstract":"Published literature generally lacks habitat information needed to adequately model the habitats of most wildlife species at large scales (>1:100,000). We searched in primary and secondary literature for occurrence of several potentially useful habitat measures for 20 species of interest to the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. We found adequate information for modeling only the habitats of certain game species and species of special interest. We suggest that many more researchers could collect simple habitat information regarding vegetation composition and structure, topographic features, soils, temperature, and distance to special landscape features such that current research expenses would not be increased significantly. We recommend that habitat data be consistently reported in peer-reviewed literature or deposited into a central data repository. This will not only help fill the gaps in our current knowledge of wildlife but also place it in a format that is readily accessible by the scientific community.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Karl, J., Wright, N., Heglund, P., and Scott, J.M., 1999, Obtaining environmental measures to facilitate vertebrate habitat modeling: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 27, no. 2, p. 357-365.","startPage":"357","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b0ce4b0c8380cd744ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karl, J.W.","contributorId":63978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, N.M.","contributorId":72149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heglund, P.J.","contributorId":44505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heglund","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021198,"text":"70021198 - 1999 - Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of the Hawaiian spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T09:21:36","indexId":"70021198","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of the Hawaiian spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus)","docAbstract":"

Data on the nutritional status of spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus) were collected on the commercial trapping grounds of Necker Bank, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, in the summers of 1991, 1994, and 1995. Glycogen levels measured in abdominal tissue of intermolt males were used as an index of nutritional health of the field population. The range of glycogen sampled from wild lobster was less than half the level measured in captive lobster fed to satiation in a previous study. An analysis of covariance identified significant interannual and spatial effects explaining 46% of the variance in the sample of wild lobsters. Most significant was a decline in lobster glycogen levels between samples collected in 1991 and 1994-1995. Seasonal influences on lobster nutrition are unknown and were identified as an obvious direction for future ecological research.

","language":"English","publisher":" University of Hawai'i Press","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Parrish, F., and Martinelli-Liedtke, T.L., 1999, Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of the Hawaiian spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus): Pacific Science, v. 53, no. 4, p. 361-366.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"366","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314724,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/708"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Necker Bank, Necker Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -181.23046875,\n 17.769612247142653\n ],\n [\n -181.23046875,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -152.4462890625,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -152.4462890625,\n 17.769612247142653\n ],\n [\n -181.23046875,\n 17.769612247142653\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92d8e4b08c986b31a148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrish, F.A.","contributorId":39151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinelli-Liedtke, T. L.","contributorId":36704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinelli-Liedtke","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020967,"text":"70020967 - 1999 - The strain in the array is mainly in the plane (waves below ~1 Hz)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T23:13:09.965503","indexId":"70020967","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The strain in the array is mainly in the plane (waves below ~1 Hz)","docAbstract":"

We compare geodetic and single-station methods of measuring dynamic deformations and characterize their causes in the frequency bands 0.5-1.0 Hz and 4.0-8.0 Hz. The geodetic approach utilizes data from small-aperture seismic arrays, applying techniques from geodesy. It requires relatively few assumptions and a priori information. The single-station method uses ground velocities recorded at isolated or single stations and assumes all the deformation is due to plane-wave propagation. It also requires knowledge of the azimuth and horizontal velocity of waves arriving at the recording station. Data employed come from a small-aperture, dense seismic array deployed in Geyokcha, Turkmenistan, and include seismograms recorded by broadband STS2 and short-period L28 sensors. Poor agreement between geodetic and single-station estimates in the 4.0-8.0 Hz passband indicates that the displacement field may vary nonlinearly with distance over distances of ∼50 m. STS2 geodetic estimates provide a robust standard in the 0.5-1.0 Hz passband because they appear to be computationally stable and require fewer assumptions than single-station estimates. The agreement between STS2 geodetic estimates and single-station L28 estimates is surprisingly good for the S-wave and early surface waves, suggesting that the single-station analysis should be useful with commonly available data. These results indicate that, in the 0.5 to 1.0 Hz passband, the primary source of dynamic deformation is plane-wave propagation along great-circle source-receiver paths. For later arriving energy, the effects of scattering become important. The local structure beneath the array exerts a strong control on the geometry of the dynamic deformation, implying that it may be difficult to infer source characteristics of modern or paleoearthquakes from indicators of dynamic deformations. However, strong site control also suggests that the dynamic deformations may be predictable, which would be useful for engineering seismically resistant structures.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0890061428","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., Pavlis, G., and Bodin, P., 1999, The strain in the array is mainly in the plane (waves below ~1 Hz): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 89, no. 6, p. 1428-1438, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0890061428.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1428","endPage":"1438","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229764,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb07fe4b08c986b324ec7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlis, G.","contributorId":35087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlis","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000843,"text":"1000843 - 1999 - Use of historical and geospatial data to guide the restoration of a Lake Erie coastal marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T10:44:24","indexId":"1000843","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of historical and geospatial data to guide the restoration of a Lake Erie coastal marsh","docAbstract":"

Historical and geospatial data were used to identify the relationships between water levels, wetland vegetation, littoral drift of sediments, and the condition of a protective barrier beach at Metzger Marsh, a coastal wetland in western Lake Erie, to enhance and guide a joint federal and state wetland restoration project. Eleven sets of large-scale aerial photographs dating from 1940 through 1994 were interpreted to delineate major vegetation types and boundaries of the barrier beach. A geographic information system (GIS) was then used to digitize the data and calculate the vegetated area and length of barrier beach. Supplemented by paleoecological and sedimentological analyses, aerial photographic interpretation revealed that Metzger Marsh was once a drowned-river-mouth wetland dominated by sedges and protected by a sand barrier beach. Extremely high water levels, storm events, and reduction of sediments in the littoral drift contributed to the complete destruction of the barrier beach in 1973 and prevented its recovery. The extent of wetland vegetation, correlated to water levels and condition of the barrier beach, decreased from a high of 108 ha in 1940 to a low of 33 ha in 1994. The lack of an adequate sediment supply and low probability of a period of extremely low lake levels in the near future made natural reestablishment of the barrier beach and wetland vegetation unlikely. Therefore, the federal and state managers chose to construct a dike to replace the protective barrier beach. Recommendations stemming from this historical analysis, however, resulted in the incorporation of a water-control structure in the dike that will retain a hydrologic connection between wetland and lake. Management of the wetland will seek to mimic processes natural to the wetland type identified by this analysis.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161788","usgsCitation":"Kowalski, K., and Wilcox, D.A., 1999, Use of historical and geospatial data to guide the restoration of a Lake Erie coastal marsh: Wetlands, v. 19, no. 4, p. 858-868, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161788.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"858","endPage":"868","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479609,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2264","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606ba1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kowalski, Kurt P. 0000-0002-8424-4701 kkowalski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-4701","contributorId":3768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"Kurt P.","email":"kkowalski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020936,"text":"70020936 - 1999 - Using multiple-polarization L-band radar to monitor marsh burn recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-30T11:53:14","indexId":"70020936","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multiple-polarization L-band radar to monitor marsh burn recovery","docAbstract":"

Aircraft L-band VV-, HH-, and VH-polarizations were examined as tools for monitoring burn recovery in a coastal marsh. Significant relationships were observed between time-since-burn (difference between burn and image collection dates; 550-900 days after burn) and returns related to all polarizations. As marsh burn recovery progressed, VV returns decreased while HH and VH returns increased. Radar returns extracted from control sites adjacent to each burn-simulated nonburn marsh and were not individually or in combination significantly related to the timesince-burn. Normalized by the control data, VH-polarization explained up to 83% of the total variations. Overall, the L-band multipolarization radars estimated time-since-burn within ±59 to ±92 days. 

","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/36.739136","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., Nelson, G., Sapkota, S., Laine, S., Verdi, J., and Rrasznay, S., 1999, Using multiple-polarization L-band radar to monitor marsh burn recovery: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 37, no. 1 II, p. 635-639, https://doi.org/10.1109/36.739136.","startPage":"635","endPage":"639","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.26651000976561,\n 30.071470887901302\n ],\n [\n -84.10720825195312,\n 30.071470887901302\n ],\n [\n -84.10720825195312,\n 30.203893976001527\n ],\n [\n -84.26651000976561,\n 30.203893976001527\n ],\n [\n -84.26651000976561,\n 30.071470887901302\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"1 II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc07de4b08c986b32a15e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":388029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, G.A.","contributorId":17687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sapkota, S.K.","contributorId":24434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapkota","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laine, S.C.","contributorId":91651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laine","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verdi, J.","contributorId":35897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdi","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rrasznay, S.","contributorId":100141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rrasznay","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70021141,"text":"70021141 - 1999 - Seasonal movements, migration, and range sizes of subadult and adult Bamforth Lake California Gulls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70021141","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal movements, migration, and range sizes of subadult and adult Bamforth Lake California Gulls","docAbstract":"We investigated seasonal migration patterns of three age classes of California Gulls (Larus californicus). Using band recovery data and reported sightings of patagially marked gulls, we constructed location maps for fledglings, one to two-year-old gulls, and breeding-age adult gulls during five time periods: spring migration, breeding season, early and late fall migration, and winter. Using repeated observations, we also produced a location map with directional vector plots. Gulls followed a triangular pattern of movements. At the conclusion of breeding, gulls migrated west and northwest to the Pacific coast, distributing themselves mainly between San Francisco and British Columbia. During winter, gulls moved south along the Pacific coast and by spring were concentrated in southern California and northern Mexico. The range size was largest among fledgings which provided the northernmost and southernmost observations for the population. Few subadult gulls migrated to the breeding colony. During the breeding season, a substantial portion of breeding-aged adults remained on the Pacific coast and throughout the intermountain west but were not observed at other California gull colonies. While fledgings moved directly toward the Pacific coast at the end of the breeding season, many adults lingered near the colony site at aquatic habitats south of the colony. We suggest that adults remain longer in the area to feed and to rejuvenate before attempting migration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Pugesek, B., Diem, K., and Cordes, C., 1999, Seasonal movements, migration, and range sizes of subadult and adult Bamforth Lake California Gulls: Waterbirds, v. 22, no. 1, p. 29-36.","startPage":"29","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88c3e4b08c986b316b62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugesek, B.H.","contributorId":45666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugesek","given":"B.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diem, K.L.","contributorId":50310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diem","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cordes, C.L.","contributorId":82483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordes","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020941,"text":"70020941 - 1999 - Detailed evaluation of gas hydrate reservoir properties using JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well downhole well-log displays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70020941","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1126,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detailed evaluation of gas hydrate reservoir properties using JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well downhole well-log displays","docAbstract":"The JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well project was designed to investigate the occurrence of in situ natural gas hydrate in the Mallik area of the Mackenzie Delta of Canada. Because gas hydrate is unstable at surface pressure and temperature conditions, a major emphasis was placed on the downhole logging program to determine the in situ physical properties of the gas-hydrate-bearing sediments. Downhole logging tool strings deployed in the Mallik 2L-38 well included the Schlumberger Platform Express with a high resolution laterolog, Array Induction Imager Tool, Dipole Shear Sonic Imager, and a Fullbore Formation Microlmager. The downhole log data obtained from the log- and core-inferred gas-hydrate-bearing sedimentary interval (897.25-1109.5 m log depth) in the Mallik 2L-38 well is depicted in a series of well displays. Also shown are numerous reservoir parameters, including gas hydrate saturation and sediment porosity log traces, calculated from available downhole well-log and core data. The gas hydrate accumulation delineated by the Mallik 2L-38 well has been determined to contain as much as 4.15109 m3 of gas in the 1 km2 area surrounding the drill site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00687626","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., 1999, Detailed evaluation of gas hydrate reservoir properties using JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well downhole well-log displays: Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada, no. 544, p. 295-311.","startPage":"295","endPage":"311","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"544","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff50e4b0c8380cd4f10e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001011,"text":"1001011 - 1999 - Laboratory evaluation of a lake trout bioenergetics model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T11:32:13","indexId":"1001011","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory evaluation of a lake trout bioenergetics model","docAbstract":"

Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, aged 3 and 6 years and with average weights of 700 and 2,000 g, were grown in laboratory tanks for up to 407 d under a thermal regime similar to that experienced by lake trout in nearshore Lake Michigan. Lake trout were fed alewifeAlosa pseudoharengus and rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, prey typical of lake trout in Lake Michigan. Of the 120 lake trout used in the experiment, 40 were fed a low ration (0.25% of their body weight per day), 40 were fed a medium ration (0.5% of their body weight per day), and 40 were fed a high ration (ad libitum). We measured consumption and growth, and we compared observed consumption with that predicted by the Wisconsin bioenergetics model. For lake trout fed the medium ration, model predictions for monthly consumption were unbiased. Moreover, predicted cumulative consumption by medium-ration lake trout for the entire experiment (320 d for smaller lake trout and 407 d for larger lake trout) agreed quite well with observed cumulative consumption; predictions were as close as within 0.1 to 5.2% of observed cumulative consumption. Even so, the model consistently overestimated consumption by low-ration fish and underestimated consumption by high-ration fish. The bias was significant in both cases, but was more severe for the low-ration trout. Because the low-ration and high-ration regimes were probably unrealistic for lake trout residing in Lake Michigan and because the model fit our laboratory data rather well for medium-ration trout, we conclude that applying the Wisconsin bioenergetics model to the Lake Michigan lake trout population in order to estimate the amount of prey fish consumed by lake trout each year is appropriate.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0802:LEOALT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., and O’Connor, D.V., 1999, Laboratory evaluation of a lake trout bioenergetics model: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 5, p. 802-814, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0802:LEOALT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"802","endPage":"814","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479613,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0802:leoalt>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, Daniel V.","contributorId":73950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021642,"text":"70021642 - 1999 - Mass-balance measurements in Alaska and suggestions for simplified observation programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T00:54:00.736942","indexId":"70021642","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1768,"text":"Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass-balance measurements in Alaska and suggestions for simplified observation programs","docAbstract":"

US Geological Survey glacier fieldwork in Alaska includes repetitious measurements, corrections for leaning or bending stakes, an ability to reliably measure seasonal snow as deep as 10 m, absolute identification of summer surfaces in the accumulation area, and annual evaluation of internal accumulation, internal ablation, and glacier‐thickness changes.

Prescribed field measurement and note‐taking techniques help eliminate field errors and expedite the interpretative process. In the office, field notes are transferred to computerized spreadsheets for analysis, release on the World Wide Web, and archival storage. The spreadsheets have error traps to help eliminate notetaking and transcription errors. Rigorous error analysis ends when mass‐balance measurements are extrapolated and integrated with area to determine glacier and basin mass balances. Unassessable errors in the glacier and basin mass‐balance data reduce the value of the data set for correlations with climate change indices.

The minimum glacier mass‐balance program has at least three measurement sites on a glacier and the measurements must include the seasonal components of mass balance as well as the annual balance.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1111/1468-0459.00105","issn":"04353676","usgsCitation":"Trabant, D., and March, R., 1999, Mass-balance measurements in Alaska and suggestions for simplified observation programs: Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, v. 81, no. 4, p. 777-789, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0459.00105.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"777","endPage":"789","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229144,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a525be4b0c8380cd6c35e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trabant, D.C.","contributorId":42209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trabant","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"March, R.S.","contributorId":16431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"March","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021621,"text":"70021621 - 1999 - Crystal growth mechanisms in miarolitic cavities in the Lake George ring complex and vicinity, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021621","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crystal growth mechanisms in miarolitic cavities in the Lake George ring complex and vicinity, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Crystal Peak area of the Pikes Peak batholith, near Lake George in central Colorado, is world-renowned for its crystals of amazonite (the blue-green variety of microcline) and smoky quartz. Such crystals, collected from individual miarolitic pegmatites, have a remakably small variation in crystal size within each pegmatite, and the shapes of plots of their crystal size distributions (CSDs) are invariably lognormal or close to lognormal in all cases. These observations are explained by a crystal growth mechanism that was governed initially by surface-controlled kinetics, during which crystals tended to grow larger in proportion to their size, thereby establishing lognormal CSDs. Surface-controlled growth was followed by longer periods of supply controlled growth, during which growth rate was predominantly size-independent, consequently preserving the lognormal shapes of the CSDs and the small size variation. The change from surface- to supply controlled growth kinetics may have resulted from an increasing demand for nutrients that exceeded diffusion limitations of the system. The proposed model for crystal growth in this locality appears to be common in the geologic record, and can be used with other information, such as isotopic data, to deduce physico-chemical conditions during crystal formation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Kile, D.E., and Eberl, D.D., 1999, Crystal growth mechanisms in miarolitic cavities in the Lake George ring complex and vicinity, Colorado: American Mineralogist, v. 84, no. 5-6, p. 718-724.","startPage":"718","endPage":"724","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcfbe4b0c8380cd4e562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kile, D. E.","contributorId":22758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021624,"text":"70021624 - 1999 - Measurements of Reynolds stress profiles in unstratified tidal flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T16:19:06.375583","indexId":"70021624","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurements of Reynolds stress profiles in unstratified tidal flow","docAbstract":"

In this paper we present a method for measuring profiles of turbulence quantities using a broadband acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP). The method follows previous work on the continental shelf and extends the analysis to develop estimates of the errors associated with the estimation methods. ADCP data was collected in an unstratified channel and the results of the analysis are compared to theory. This comparison shows that the method provides an estimate of the Reynolds stresses, which is unbiased by Doppler noise, and an estimate of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) which is biased by an amount proportional to the Doppler noise. The noise in each of these quantities as well as the bias in the TKE match well with the theoretical values produced by the error analysis. The quantification of profiles of Reynolds stresses simultaneous with the measurement of mean velocity profiles allows for extensive analysis of the turbulence of the flow. In this paper, we examine the relation between the turbulence and the mean flow through the calculation of u*, the friction velocity, and Cd the coefficient of drag. Finally, we calculate quantities of particular interest in turbulence modeling and analysis, the characteristic lengthscales, including a lengthscale which represents the stream-wise scale of the eddies which dominate the Reynolds stresses.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998JC900095","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stacey, M., Monismith, S., and Burau, J., 1999, Measurements of Reynolds stress profiles in unstratified tidal flow: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 104, no. C5, p. 10933-10949, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JC900095.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"10933","endPage":"10949","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229475,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"C5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5326e4b0c8380cd6c8e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stacey, M.T.","contributorId":82874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021645,"text":"70021645 - 1999 - Style and origin of mid-Carboniferous deformation in the Illinois Basin, USA - Ancestral rockies deformation?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021645","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Style and origin of mid-Carboniferous deformation in the Illinois Basin, USA - Ancestral rockies deformation?","docAbstract":"The integration of outcrop, borehole, and seismic reflection data from the Illinois Basin and adjacent eastern Ozark Dome in Illinois and Missouri sheds new light on the style and origin of intra-cratonic deformation. Typical structures of this region are high-angle reverse faults in Precambrian basement that propagated upward to monoclines and asymmetrical anticlines in Paleozoic sedimentary cover. These are compressive-block structures directly analogous to (although smaller than) 'Laramide-style' structures of the Colorado Plateau and Rocky Mountain foreland. Central Illinois Basin structures were active chiefly during late Chesterian through Atokan (i.e., late Mississippian to middle Pennsylvanian; mid-Carboniferous) time, with continued intermittent movement through the late Pennsylvanian. Both the style and timing of deformation match those of the 'Ancestral Rocky Mountains' orogeny of the southern Midcontinent and Rocky Mountain region of the USA. Deformation in the central Illinois Basin has generally been attributed to the nearby late Paleozoic Appalachian-Ouachita orogeny, even though the Illinois Basin's compressive block structural style is foreign to the Appalachian foreland. We suggest that the Ancestral Rockies event may have played a significant role in the development of Pennsylvanian-age compressive-block structures in Illinois and Missouri.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00015-3","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"McBride, J., and Nelson, W., 1999, Style and origin of mid-Carboniferous deformation in the Illinois Basin, USA - Ancestral rockies deformation?: Tectonophysics, v. 305, no. 1-3, p. 249-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00015-3.","startPage":"249","endPage":"273","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206250,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00015-3"},{"id":229215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"305","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9cf1e4b08c986b31d544","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":99712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, W.J.","contributorId":17762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020930,"text":"70020930 - 1999 - Extirpation and recolonization in a metapopulation of an endangered fish, the tidewater goby","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70020930","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extirpation and recolonization in a metapopulation of an endangered fish, the tidewater goby","docAbstract":"The tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi), an endangered species in the United States, occurs in a series of isolated coastal wetlands in California. Using historical presence-absence data and our own surveys, we estimated annual rates of extirpation and recolonization for several populations of the goby in southern California. As predicted, large wetlands had lower rates of extirpation than small wetlands. There was a negative but statistically nonsignificant correlation between recolonization rate and distance to the nearest northerly source population. Populations at small sites were sensitive to drought, presumably because droughts can eliminate suitable habitat at small wetlands. Populations in small wetlands have declined over time, even after accounting for variation in stream flow, supporting the species' endangered status. Our study emphasizes the need to understand metapopulation dynamics for conserving species where the unit of conservation is a local population. It is also emphasizes the importance of not treating metapopulations as identical units. Finally, our results provide a means for describing the decline of a species that is complex in time and space and provide insight into how to target protection measures among metapopulations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98016.x","issn":"08888892","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., Swift, C.C., and Ambrose, R., 1999, Extirpation and recolonization in a metapopulation of an endangered fish, the tidewater goby: Conservation Biology, v. 13, no. 6, p. 1447-1453, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98016.x.","startPage":"1447","endPage":"1453","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206469,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98016.x"},{"id":229883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e57e4b0c8380cd533db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, K. D.","contributorId":58213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lafferty","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swift, C. C.","contributorId":107639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ambrose, R.F.","contributorId":63348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambrose","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":93880,"text":"93880 - 1999 - Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Dickcissel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-05T10:42:22","indexId":"93880","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Dickcissel","docAbstract":"

Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography on the home page of this resource.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/93880","usgsCitation":"Dechant, J., Sondreal, M.L., Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Goldade, C., Zimmerman, A., and Euliss, B., 1999, Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Dickcissel (Originally posted 1999; Revised 2002), 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/93880.","productDescription":"29 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/93880.PNG"},{"id":312407,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/93880/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"edition":"Originally posted 1999; Revised 2002","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dechant, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":103984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechant","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":298225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sondreal, Marriah L.","contributorId":73532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sondreal","given":"Marriah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zimmerman, Amy L.","contributorId":69087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Amy L.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70021685,"text":"70021685 - 1999 - Subdivision of Holocene Baltic sea sediments by their physical properties [Gliederung holozaner ostseesedimente nach physikalischen Eigenschaften]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021685","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3041,"text":"Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subdivision of Holocene Baltic sea sediments by their physical properties [Gliederung holozaner ostseesedimente nach physikalischen Eigenschaften]","docAbstract":"The Holocene sediment sequence of a core taken within the centre of the Eastern Gotland Basin was subdivided into 12 lithostratigraphic units based on MSCL-data (sound velocity, wet bulk density, magnetic susceptibility) using a multivariate classification method. The lower 6 units embrace the sediments until the Litorina transgression, and the upper 6 units subdivide the brackish-marine Litorina- and post-Litorina sediments. The upper lithostratigraphic units reflect a change of anoxic (laminated) and oxic (non-laminated) sediments. By application of a numerical stratigraphic correlation method the zonation was extended laterally onto contiguous sediment cores within the central basin. Consequently the change of anoxic and oxic sediments can be used for a general lithostratigraphic subdivision of sediments of the Gotland Basin. A quantitative criterion based on the sediment-physical lithofacies is added to existing subdivisions of the Holocene in the Baltic Sea.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"German","issn":"00316229","usgsCitation":"Harff, J., Bohling, G.C., Endler, R., Davis, J., and Olea, R., 1999, Subdivision of Holocene Baltic sea sediments by their physical properties [Gliederung holozaner ostseesedimente nach physikalischen Eigenschaften]: Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, v. 143, no. PILOTHEFT 2000, p. 50-55.","startPage":"50","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"PILOTHEFT 2000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d0be4b08c986b31d5e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harff, Jan","contributorId":63957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harff","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohling, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":43109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohling","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Endler, R.","contributorId":24232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endler","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":390713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021243,"text":"70021243 - 1999 - Integrated foraminiferal biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the querecual formation (Cretaceous), Eastern Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T11:58:20","indexId":"70021243","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated foraminiferal biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the querecual formation (Cretaceous), Eastern Venezuela","docAbstract":"An integrated foraminiferal biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy is presented for the Lower to Upper Cretaceous Querecual Formation exposed on Chimana Grande Island, Eastern Venezuela. The formation consists of >450 m alternating foraminiferal and organic-rich carbonates and laminated mudrocks, and is considered the main hydrocarbon source rock for the eastern Venezuela Basin. Biostratigraphic resolution within the Querecual Formation is poor, due to a paucity of keeled planktonic foraminifera and impoverished benthic faunas. Deposition occurred in a bathyal environment, with dysaerobic or anoxic bottom waters resulting from high rates of surface productivity associated with an upwelling environment. Biostratigraphic evidence indicates that the Querecual Formation ranges from the upper Albian Rotalipora ticinensis Zone to the Santonian Dicarinella asymetrica Zone. Iron and Al contents fall through the Albian-Cenomanian indicating a progressive decrease in the detrital supply, driven by rising eustatic sea level. A Ca profile demonstrates variations in carbonate production and dissolution. High total organic carbon (TOC) intervals occur in the upper Albian to mid-Cenomanian and Turonian, and high Ba/Al and Si/Al ratios characterize mid-Cenomanian and younger sediments. Variations in these elements primarily reflect changes in marine productivity, but are also affected by diagenetic processes. A stable carbon isotope curve established from analysis of organic matter (??13Corg) correlates well with published ??13C curves for carbonates from England and Italy. The Cenomanian/Turonian boundary cannot be identified using planktonic foraminifera, because key taxa are absent, but the base of the Turonian is clearly indicated by a sharp fall in ??13C immediately above a major positive excursion. The bottom of the Coniacian is placed below a ??13C minimum, towards the base of the Dicarinella concavata Zone. Combined with the foraminiferal data, the isotopic data enable much improved stratigraphic resolution compared to previous investigations of the formation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"Crespo De Cabrera, S., Sliter, W., and Jarvis, I., 1999, Integrated foraminiferal biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the querecual formation (Cretaceous), Eastern Venezuela: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 29, no. 4, p. 487-499.","startPage":"487","endPage":"499","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269886,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/29/4/487.abstract"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c60e4b0c8380cd62cb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crespo De Cabrera, S.","contributorId":51939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crespo De Cabrera","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sliter, W.V.","contributorId":38997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"W.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarvis, I.","contributorId":95643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvis","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000940,"text":"1000940 - 1999 - Structure and function of fish communities in the southern Lake Michigan basin with emphasis on restoration of native fish communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T16:31:35.633678","indexId":"1000940","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure and function of fish communities in the southern Lake Michigan basin with emphasis on restoration of native fish communities","docAbstract":"The southern Lake Michigan basin in northwest Indiana possesses a variety of aquatic habitats including riverine, palustrine, and lacustrine systems. The watershed draining this area is a remnant of glacial Lake Chicago and supports fish communities that are typically low in species richness. Composition of the presettlement Lake Michigan fish community near the Indiana Dunes has been difficult to reconstruct. Existing data indicate that the number of native species in the Lake Michigan watershed, including nearshore Lake Michigan, has declined by 22% since the onset of European settlement. Few remnants of natural fish communities exist, and those occur principally in the ponds of Miller Woods, the Grand Calumet Lagoons, and the Little Calumet River. These communities have maintained a relatively diverse assemblage of fishes despite large-scale anthropogenic disturbances in the area, including channelization, massive river redirection, fragmentation, habitat alteration, exotic species invasions, and the introduction of toxic chemicals. Data that we collected from 1985 to 1996 suggested that the Grand Calumet River has the highest proportion of exotic fish species of any inland wetland in northwest Indiana. Along the Lake Michigan shoreline, another group of exotics (e.g., round goby, alewife, and sea lamprey) have affected the structure of native fish communities, thereby altering lake ecosystem function. Stocking programs contribute to the impairment of native communities. Nonindigenous species have restructured the function of Lake Michigan tributaries, causing disruptions in trophic dynamics, guild structure, and species diversity. Several fish communities have been reduced or eliminated by the alteration and destruction of spawning and nursery areas. Degradation of habitats has caused an increase in numbers and populations of species able to tolerate and flourish when confronted with hydrologic alteration. Fish communities found on public lands in northwest Indiana generally are of lower biological integrity, in terms of structure and function, than those on private lands and are not acting as refugia for native fish populations. Stocking of nonindigenous species should be evaluated to enable the restoration of native fish communities on public lands. Habitat quality will need to be improved and land-use modifications decreased or reversed in order to restore or slow the decline in native fish communities.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","usgsCitation":"Simon, T.P., and Stewart, P.M., 1999, Structure and function of fish communities in the southern Lake Michigan basin with emphasis on restoration of native fish communities: Natural Areas Journal, v. 19, no. 2, p. 142-154.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"154","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403921,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43911823"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.52670288085938,\n 41.36238012945531\n ],\n [\n -86.68075561523438,\n 41.36238012945531\n ],\n [\n -86.68075561523438,\n 41.88592102814744\n ],\n [\n -87.52670288085938,\n 41.88592102814744\n ],\n [\n -87.52670288085938,\n 41.36238012945531\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a37ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, Thomas P.","contributorId":77081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Paul M.","contributorId":63336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021227,"text":"70021227 - 1999 - Dipping San Andreas and Hayward faults revealed beneath San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T14:27:14.760345","indexId":"70021227","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dipping San Andreas and Hayward faults revealed beneath San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"

The San Francisco Bay area is crossed by several right-lateral strike-slip faults of the San Andreas fault zone. Fault-plane reflections reveal that two of these faults, the San Andreas and Hayward, dip toward each other below seismogenic depths at 60° and 70°, respectively, and persist to the base of the crust. Previously, a horizontal detachment linking the two faults in the lower crust beneath San Francisco Bay was proposed. The only near-vertical-incidence reflection data available prior to the most recent experiment in 1997 were recorded parallel to the major fault structures. When the new reflection data recorded orthogonal to the faults are compared with the older data, the highest amplitude reflections show clear variations in moveout with recording azimuth. In addition, reflection times consistently increase with distance from the faults. If the reflectors were horizontal, reflection moveout would be independent of azimuth, and reflection times would be independent of distance from the faults. The best-fit solution from three-dimensional traveltime modeling is a pair of high-angle dipping surfaces. The close correspondence of these dipping structures with the San Andreas and Hayward faults leads us to conclude that they are the faults beneath seismogenic depths. If the faults retain their observed dips, they would converge into a single zone in the upper mantle ∼45 km beneath the surface, although we can only observe them in the crust.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0839:DSAAHF>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., and Hart, P., 1999, Dipping San Andreas and Hayward faults revealed beneath San Francisco Bay, California: Geology, v. 27, no. 9, p. 839-842, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0839:DSAAHF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"839","endPage":"842","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230179,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01a8e4b0c8380cd4fcc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, P. E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}