{"pageNumber":"1206","pageRowStart":"30125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70021996,"text":"70021996 - 1999 - Soil water retention and maximum capillary drive from saturation to oven dryness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T10:19:58","indexId":"70021996","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil water retention and maximum capillary drive from saturation to oven dryness","docAbstract":"This paper provides an alternative method to describe the water retention curve over a range of water contents from saturation to oven dryness. It makes two modifications to the standard Brooks and Corey [1964] (B-C) description, one at each end of the suction range. One expression proposed by Rossi and Nimmo [1994] is used in the high-suction range to a zero residual water content. (This Rossi-Nimmo modification to the Brooks-Corey model provides a more realistic description of the retention curve at low water contents.) Near zero suction the second modification eliminates the region where there is a change in suction with no change in water content. Tests on seven soil data sets, using three distinct analytical expressions for the high-, medium-, and low-suction ranges, show that the experimental water retention curves are well fitted by this composite procedure. The high-suction range of saturation contributes little to the maximum capillary drive, defined with a good approximation for a soil water and air system as HcM = ∫0∞ Krwdhc , where krw is relative permeability (or conductivity) to water and hc is capillary suction, a positive quantity in unsaturated soils. As a result, the modification suggested to describe the high-suction range does not significantly affect the equivalence between Brooks-Corey (B-C) and van Genuchten [1980] parameters presented earlier. However, the shape of the retention curve near “natural saturation” has a significant impact on the value of the capillary drive. The estimate using the Brooks-Corey power law, extended to zero suction, will exceed that obtained with the new procedure by 25 to 30%. It is not possible to tell which procedure is appropriate. Tests on another data set, for which relative conductivity data are available, support the view of the authors that measurements of a retention curve coupled with a speculative curve of relative permeability as from a capillary model are not sufficient to accurately determine the (maximum) capillary drive. The capillary drive is a dynamic scalar, whereas the retention curve is of a static character. Only measurements of infiltration rates with time can determine the capillary drive with precision for a given soil.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900121","usgsCitation":"Morel-Seytoux, H.J., and Nimmo, J.R., 1999, Soil water retention and maximum capillary drive from saturation to oven dryness: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 7, p. 2031-2041, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900121.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2031","endPage":"2041","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9220e4b08c986b319d04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morel-Seytoux, Hubert J.","contributorId":68058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morel-Seytoux","given":"Hubert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021992,"text":"70021992 - 1999 - Geostatistical applications in ground-water modeling in south-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:38","indexId":"70021992","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geostatistical applications in ground-water modeling in south-central Kansas","docAbstract":"This paper emphasizes the supportive role of geostatistics in applying ground-water models. Field data of 1994 ground-water level, bedrock, and saltwater-freshwater interface elevations in south-central Kansas were collected and analyzed using the geostatistical approach. Ordinary kriging was adopted to estimate initial conditions for ground-water levels and topography of the Permian bedrock at the nodes of a finite difference grid used in a three-dimensional numerical model. Cokriging was used to estimate initial conditions for the saltwater-freshwater interface. An assessment of uncertainties in the estimated data is presented. The kriged and cokriged estimation variances were analyzed to evaluate the adequacy of data employed in the modeling. Although water levels and bedrock elevations are well described by spherical semivariogram models, additional data are required for better cokriging estimation of the interface data. The geostatistically analyzed data were employed in a numerical model of the Siefkes site in the project area. Results indicate that the computed chloride concentrations and ground-water drawdowns reproduced the observed data satisfactorily.This paper emphasizes the supportive role of geostatistics in applying ground-water models. Field data of 1994 ground-water level, bedrock, and saltwater-freshwater interface elevations in south-central Kansas were collected and analyzed using the geostatistical approach. Ordinary kriging was adopted to estimate initial conditions for ground-water levels and topography of the Permian bedrock at the nodes of a finite difference grid used in a three-dimensional numerical model. Cokriging was used to estimate initial conditions for the saltwater-freshwater interface. An assessment of uncertainties in the estimated data is presented. The kriged and cokriged estimation variances were analyzed to evaluate the adequacy of data employed in the modeling. Although water levels and bedrock elevations are well described by spherical semivariogram models, additional data are required for better cokriging estimation of the interface data. The geostatistically analyzed data were employed in a numerical model of the Siefkes site in the project area. Results indicate that the computed chloride concentrations and ground-water drawdowns reproduced the observed data satisfactorily.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1999)4:1(57)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Ma, T., Sophocleous, M., and Yu, Y., 1999, Geostatistical applications in ground-water modeling in south-central Kansas: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 4, no. 1, p. 57-64, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1999)4:1(57).","startPage":"57","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206256,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1999)4:1(57)"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28b1e4b0c8380cd5a30e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ma, T.-S.","contributorId":67232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"T.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yu, Y.-S.","contributorId":98892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"Y.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021988,"text":"70021988 - 1999 - Two valuation questions in one survey: Is it a recipe for sequencing and instrument context effects?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:41:41","indexId":"70021988","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":831,"text":"Applied Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two valuation questions in one survey: Is it a recipe for sequencing and instrument context effects?","docAbstract":"Economic theory suggests that willingness to pay for two goods independently offered should remain unchanged when the survey instrument changes slightly. Four survey treatments consisting of comprehensive good and a subset of that good were used. The surveys alternated in the question ordering and in the embedded good which accompanied the comprehensive good. We tested for sequencing and instrument context effects using both a combined and split sample designs. In the combined sample case we found some evidence to sequencing effects in the data containing the first subset good. Likelihood ratio tests indicated that sequencing did not effect scale or location of parameters. In the test for instrument context effects, evidence was found indicating context does effect willingness to pay estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/000368499323670","usgsCitation":"Giraud, K., Loomis, J., and Johnson, R.L., 1999, Two valuation questions in one survey: Is it a recipe for sequencing and instrument context effects?: Applied Economics, v. 31, no. 8, p. 957-964, https://doi.org/10.1080/000368499323670.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"957","endPage":"964","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb98ae4b08c986b327c4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giraud, K.L.","contributorId":14589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giraud","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loomis, J.B.","contributorId":55985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loomis","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":169575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021975,"text":"70021975 - 1999 - Isotopic identification of the source of methane in subsurface sediments of an area surrounded by waste disposal facilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70021975","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic identification of the source of methane in subsurface sediments of an area surrounded by waste disposal facilities","docAbstract":"The major source of methane (CH4) in subsurface sediments on the property of a former hazardous waste treatment facility was determined using isotopic analyses measured on CH4 and associated groundwater. The site, located on an earthen pier built into a shallow wetland lake, has had a history of waste disposal practices and is surrounded by landfills and other waste management facilities. Concentrations of CH4 up to 70% were found in the headspace gases of several piezometers screened at 3 different depths (ranging from 8 to 17 m) in lacustrine and glacial till deposits. Possible sources of the CH4 included a nearby landfill, organic wastes from previous impoundments and microbial gas derived from natural organic matter in the sediments. Isotopic analyses included ??13C, ??D, 14C, and 3H on select CH4 samples and ??D and ??18O on groundwater samples. Methane from the deepest glacial till and intermediate lacustrine deposits had ??13C values from -79 to -82???, typical of natural 'drift gas' generated by microbial CO2-reduction. The CH4 from the shallow lacustrine deposits had ??13C values from -63 to -76???, interpreted as a mixture between CH4 generated by microbial fermentation and the CO2-reduction processes within the subsurface sediments. The ??D values of all the CH4 samples were quite negative ranging from -272 to -299???. Groundwater sampled from the deeper zones also showed quite negative ??D values that explained the light ??D observed for the CH4. Radiocarbon analyses of the CH4 showed decreasing 14C activity with depth, from a high of 58 pMC in the shallow sediments to 2 pMC in the deeper glacial till. The isotopic data indicated the majority of CH4 detected in the fill deposits of this site was microbial CH4 generated from naturally buried organic matter within the subsurface sediments. However, the isotopic data of CH4 from the shallow piezometers was more variable and the possibility of some mixing with oxidized landfill CH4 could not be completely ruled out.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00036-5","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Hackley, K.C., Liu, C., and Trainor, D., 1999, Isotopic identification of the source of methane in subsurface sediments of an area surrounded by waste disposal facilities: Applied Geochemistry, v. 14, no. 1, p. 119-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00036-5.","startPage":"119","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00036-5"},{"id":229094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fb8e4b0c8380cd64767","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Chao-Li","contributorId":42361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Chao-Li","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trainor, D.","contributorId":67776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trainor","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021969,"text":"70021969 - 1999 - Application of geologic map information to water quality issues in the southern part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, Maryland and Virginia, eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70021969","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of geologic map information to water quality issues in the southern part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, Maryland and Virginia, eastern United States","docAbstract":"Geologic map units contain much information about the mineralogy, chemistry, and physical attributes of the rocks mapped. This paper presents information from regional-scale geologic maps in Maryland and Virginia, which are in the southern part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed in the eastern United States. The geologic map information is discussed and analyzed in relation to water chemistry data from shallow wells and stream reaches in the area. Two environmental problems in the Chesapeake Bay watershed are used as test examples. The problems, high acidity and high nitrate concentrations in streams and rivers, tend to be mitigated by some rock and sediment types and not by others. Carbonate rocks (limestone, dolomite, and carbonate-cemented rocks) have the greatest capacity to neutralize acidic ground water and surface water in contact with them. Rocks and sediments having high carbon or sulfur contents (such as peat and black shale) potentially contribute the most toward denitrification of ground water and surface water in contact with them. Rocks and sediments that are composed mostly of quartz, feldspar, and light-colored clay (rocks such as granite and sandstone, sediments such as sand and gravel) tend not to alter the chemistry of waters that are in contact with them. The testing of relationships between regionally mapped geologic units and water chemistry is in a preliminary stage, and initial results are encouraging.Geologic map units contain much information about the mineralogy, chemistry, and physical attributes of the rocks mapped. This paper presents information from regional-scale geologic maps in Maryland and Virginia, which are in the southern part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed in the eastern United States. The geologic map information is discussed and analyzed in relation to water chemistry data from shallow wells and stream reaches in the area. Two environmental problems in the Chesapeake Bay watershed are used as test examples. The problems, high acidity and high nitrate concentrations in streams and rivers, tend to be mitigated by some rock and sediment types and not by others. Carbonate rocks (limestone, dolomite, and carbonate-cemented rocks) have the greatest capacity to neutralize acidic ground water and surface water in contact with them. Rocks and sediments having high carbon or sulfur contents (such as peat and black shale) potentially contribute the most toward denitrification of ground water and surface water in contact with them. Rocks and sediments that are composed mostly of quartz, feldspar, and light-colored clay (rocks such as granite and sandstone, sediments such as sand and gravel) tend not to alter the chemistry of waters that are in contact with them. The testing of relationships between regionally mapped geologic units and water chemistry is in a preliminary stage, and initial results are encouraging.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry ISEG. Pt 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"5 October 1997 through 10 October 1997","conferenceLocation":"Vail, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00043-0","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"McCartan, L., Peper, J., Bachman, L., and Horton, J.W., 1999, Application of geologic map information to water quality issues in the southern part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, Maryland and Virginia, eastern United States: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 64, no. 1-3 -3 pt 1, p. 355-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00043-0.","startPage":"355","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206207,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00043-0"},{"id":229122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1-3 -3 pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec9fe4b0c8380cd493b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCartan, L.","contributorId":55153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCartan","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peper, J. D.","contributorId":29387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peper","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bachman, L. J.","contributorId":47760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachman","given":"L. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":81184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wright","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021904,"text":"70021904 - 1999 - Evaluation of ability of reference toxicity tests to identify stress in laboratory populations of the amphipod Hyalella azteca","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:38","indexId":"70021904","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of ability of reference toxicity tests to identify stress in laboratory populations of the amphipod Hyalella azteca","docAbstract":"Standard methods for conducting toxicity tests imply that the condition of test organisms can be established using reference toxicity tests. However, only a limited number of studies have evaluated whether reference toxicity tests can actually be used to determine if organisms are in good condition at the start of a test. We evaluated the ability of reference toxicants to identify stress associated with starvation in laboratory populations of the amphipod Hyalella azteca using acute toxicity tests and four reference toxicants: KCl, CdCl2, sodium pentachlorophenate (NaPCP), and carbaryl. Stress associated with severe starvation was observed with exposure of amphipods to carbaryl or NaPCP but not with exposure to KCl or CdCl2 (i.e., lower LC50 with severe starvation). Although the LC50s for NaPCP and carbaryl were statistically different between starved and fed amphipods, this difference may not be biologically significant given the variability expected in acute lethality tests. Stress associated with sieving, heat shock, or cold shock of amphipods before the start of a test was not evident with exposure to carbaryl or KCl as reference toxicants. The chemicals evaluated in this study provided minimal information about the condition of the organisms used to start a toxicity test. Laboratories should periodically perform reference toxicity tests to assess the sensitivity of life stages or strains of test organisms. However, use of other test acceptability criteria required in standard methods such as minimum survival, growth, or reproduction of organisms in the control treatment at the end of a test, provides more useful information about the condition of organisms used to start a test compared to data generated from reference toxicity tests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0544:EOAORT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"McNulty, E., Dwyer, F., Ellersieck, M.R., Greer, E., Ingersoll, C., and Rabeni, C., 1999, Evaluation of ability of reference toxicity tests to identify stress in laboratory populations of the amphipod Hyalella azteca: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 3, p. 544-548, https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0544:EOAORT>2.3.CO;2.","startPage":"544","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206287,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0544:EOAORT>2.3.CO;2"},{"id":229309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c39e4b0c8380cd52aad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNulty, E.W.","contributorId":45073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNulty","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellersieck, Mark R.","contributorId":80841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellersieck","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greer, E.I.","contributorId":38728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"E.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rabeni, C.F.","contributorId":67823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70021888,"text":"70021888 - 1999 - Ground-water, large-lake interactions in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron: A geochemical and isotopic approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T13:19:24.559324","indexId":"70021888","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water, large-lake interactions in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron: A geochemical and isotopic approach","docAbstract":"Delineating the nature and extent of ground-water inputs is necessary to understand the hydrochemistry of large lakes. Characterizing the interaction between ground water and large lakes (e.g., the Great Lakes) is facilitated by the use of geochemical and isotopic data. In this study, pore waters were extracted from sediment cores collected from Saginaw Bay and the surrounding Saginaw lowland area; the geochemistry and stable isotope signature of these pore waters were used to identify sources for the water and solutes. Cores from Saginaw Bay and the Saginaw lowland area yielded strong vertical gradients in chloride concentrations, suggesting that a high-chloride source is present at depth. The spatial distribution of cores with elevated chloride concentrations corresponds to the regional distribution of chloride in ground water. Most of the Saginaw lowland area cores contain water with significantly lower δ18O values than modern meteoric water, suggesting that the water had been recharged during a much cooler climate. The δ18O values measured in pore waters (from Saginaw Bay cores) containing high chloride concentrations are similar to modern meteoric water; however, values lighter than modern meteoric water are encountered at depth. Chloride:bromide ratios, used to distinguish between different chloride sources, identify formation brine as the likely source for chloride. Transport models indicate that a combination of advection and diffusion is responsible for the observed Saginaw lowland area pore-water profiles. Pore-water profiles in Saginaw Bay sediments are produced primarily by diffusion and require significantly less time to evolve. An upward flux of solutes derived from formation brine could occur elsewhere within the Great Lakes region and significantly affect the geochemical cycling of chloride and other contaminants (e.g., trace metals).
Simultaneous Scheffé‐type credibility intervals (the Bayesian version of confidence intervals) for variables of a groundwater flow model calibrated using a Bayesian maximum a posteriori procedure were derived by Cooley [1993b]. It was assumed that variances reflecting the expected differences between observed and model‐computed quantities used to calibrate the model are known, whereas they would often be unknown for an actual model. In this study the variances are regarded as unknown, and variance variability from observation to observation is approximated by grouping the data so that each group is characterized by a uniform variance. The credibility intervals are calculated from the posterior distribution, which was developed by considering each group variance to be a random variable about which nothing is known a priori, then eliminating it by integration. Numerical experiments using two test problems illustrate some characteristics of the credibility intervals. Nonlinearity of the statistical model greatly affected some of the credibility intervals, indicating that credibility intervals computed using the standard linear model approximation may often be inadequate to characterize uncertainty for actual field problems. The parameter characterizing the probability level for the credibility intervals was, however, accurately computed using a linear model approximation, as compared with values calculated using second‐order and fully nonlinear formulations. This allows the credibility intervals to be computed very efficiently.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR02819","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., 1999, Practical Scheffe‐type credibility intervals for variables of a groundwater model: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 113-126, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR02819.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"126","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479636,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr02819","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a80a7e4b0c8380cd7b118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022104,"text":"70022104 - 1999 - Photogrammetric analysis of horizon panoramas: The Pathfinder landing site in Viking orbiter images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-31T15:32:08.998976","indexId":"70022104","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photogrammetric analysis of horizon panoramas: The Pathfinder landing site in Viking orbiter images","docAbstract":"Tiepoint measurements, block adjustment techniques, and sunrise/sunset pictures were used to obtain precise pointing data with respect to north for a set of 33 IMP horizon images. Azimuth angles for five prominent topographic features seen at the horizon were measured and correlated with locations of these features in Viking orbiter images. Based on this analysis, the Pathfinder line/sample coordinates in two raw Viking images were determined with approximate errors of 1 pixel, or 40 m. Identification of the Pathfinder location in orbit imagery yields geological context for surface studies of the landing site. Furthermore, the precise determination of coordinates in images together with the known planet-fixed coordinates of the lander make the Pathfinder landing site the most important anchor point in current control point networks of Mars.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JE01429","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Oberst, J., Jaumann, R., Zeitler, W., Hauber, E., Kuschel, M., Parker, T., Golombek, M., Malin, M., and Soderblom, L., 1999, Photogrammetric analysis of horizon panoramas: The Pathfinder landing site in Viking orbiter images: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 104, no. E4, p. 8927-8933, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE01429.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8927","endPage":"8933","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479629,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98je01429","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"104","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a19e4b0c8380cd78d1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberst, J.","contributorId":103427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberst","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeitler, W.","contributorId":6218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeitler","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hauber, E.","contributorId":81659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauber","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuschel, M.","contributorId":26105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuschel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parker, T.","contributorId":90901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Golombek, M.","contributorId":72506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Malin, M.","contributorId":8636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Soderblom, L.","contributorId":106244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70021875,"text":"70021875 - 1999 - The evolutionary history of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) along the US Pacific Coast: Developing a conservation strategy using genetic diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T14:59:15","indexId":"70021875","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1936,"text":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The evolutionary history of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) along the US Pacific Coast: Developing a conservation strategy using genetic diversity","docAbstract":"Changes in genetic variation across a species range may indicate patterns of population structure resulting from past ecological and demographic events that are otherwise difficult to infer and thus provide insight into evolutionary development. Genetic data is used, drawn from 11 microsatellite loci amplified from anadromous steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sampled throughout its range in the eastern Pacific Ocean, to explore population structure at the southern edge in California. Steelhead populations in this region represent less than 10% of their reported historic abundance and survive in very small populations found in fragmented habitats. Genetic data derived from three independent molecular systems (allozymes, mtDNA, and microsatellites) have shown that the southernmost populations are characterized by a relatively high genetic diversity. Two hypothetical models supporting genetic population substructure such as observed were considered: (1) range expansion with founder-flush effects and subsequent population decline; (2) a second Pleistocene radiation from the Gulf of California. Using genetic and climatic data, a second Pleistocene refugium contributing to a southern ecotone seems more feasible. These data support strong conservation measures based on genetic diversity be developed to ensure the survival of this uniquely diverse gene pool.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1006/jmsc.1999.0452","issn":"10543139","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J., 1999, The evolutionary history of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) along the US Pacific Coast: Developing a conservation strategy using genetic diversity: ICES Journal of Marine Science, v. 56, no. 4, p. 449-458, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1999.0452.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"458","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479649,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1999.0452","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babebe4b08c986b323174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021874,"text":"70021874 - 1999 - A digital resource model of the Upper Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh coal bed, Monongahela Group, northern Appalachian basin coal region, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:38","indexId":"70021874","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A digital resource model of the Upper Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh coal bed, Monongahela Group, northern Appalachian basin coal region, USA","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is currently conducting a coal resource assessment of the coal beds and zones that are expected to provide the bulk of the Nation's coal resources for the next few decades. The Pittsburgh coal bed is the first bed in the northern and central Appalachian basin coal region to undergo a fully-digital assessment. The bed-specific assessment is being carried out in partnership with the state geologic surveys of West Virginia (WV), Pennsylvania (PA), Ohio (OH), and Maryland (MD). Comprehensive stratigraphic and geochemical databases have been developed for the Pittsburgh coal bed, and areal extent, mined areas, structure contour, isopach, overburden thickness maps of the bed have been released as United States Geological Survey (USGS) Open-File Reports. The resulting resource model indicates that of the original 34 billion short tons (31 billion tonnes) of Pittsburgh coal, 16 billion short tons (14 billion tonnes) remain. Although most of the remaining coal is thinner, deeper, and higher in ash and sulfur (S) than the original resource, there are blocks of extensive thick (6-8 ft or 1.8-2.4 m) coal in southwestern PA and the northern panhandle of WV.The U.S. Geological Survey is currently conducting a coal resource assessment of the coal beds and zones that are expected to provide the bulk of the Nation's coal resources for the next few decades. The Pittsburgh coal bed is the first bed in the northern and central Appalachian basin coal region to undergo a fully-digital assessment. The bed-specific assessment is being carried out in partnership with the state geologic surveys of West Virginia (WV), Pennsylvania (PA), Ohio (OH), and Maryland (MD). Comprehensive stratigraphic and geochemical databases have been developed for the Pittsburgh coal bed, and areal extent, mined areas, structure contour, isopach, overburden thickness maps of the bed have been released as United States Geological Survey (USGS) Open-File Reports. The resulting resource model indicates that of the original 34 billion short tons (31 billion tonnes) of Pittsburgh coal, 16 billion short tons (14 billion tonnes) remain. Although most of the remaining coal is thinner, deeper, and higher in ash and sulfur (S) than the original resource, there are blocks of extensive thick (6-8 ft or 1.8-2.4 m) coal in southwestern PA and the northern panhandle of WV.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00009-9","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Ruppert, L., Tewalt, S., Bragg, L.J., and Wallack, R., 1999, A digital resource model of the Upper Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh coal bed, Monongahela Group, northern Appalachian basin coal region, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 41, no. 1-2, p. 3-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00009-9.","startPage":"3","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206349,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00009-9"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3bde4b0c8380cd461cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tewalt, S.J.","contributorId":55838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bragg, L. J.","contributorId":104055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallack, R.N.","contributorId":34183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallack","given":"R.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022019,"text":"70022019 - 1999 - Environmental geology: Our professional public responsibility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022019","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental geology: Our professional public responsibility","docAbstract":"Conflicts between different interest groups for use of natural resources is one area where state geological surveys can provide assistance. A state geological survey working within the scientific constraints of specific issues can remain objective in its presentations and maintain the faith of both the conflicting interest groups and the public. One cannot vary from the objective view or you will quickly be criticized. Criticism can still occur from one side of a natural resource issue as your data might counter their views. However, the final decisions are almost always made in some legislators, or regulators, area of responsibility. The responsibility of the state geological survey is to provide the important data that will assist in making correct decisions. Should one party in the conflict become extreme in their demands, a potential compromise that is beneficial to both sides can be lost. In Kansas, the classical natural resource problem of resource/recreation in a populated area is presented as a case study. The state geological survey presented data on sand resources in the Kansas River and its valley in northeast Kansas. That information was important to both recreation and dredging interests where the political problem is a conflict of sand use as a construction material resource versus use of the alluvial river as an important recreation area, especially for canoeing. However, when a reasonable compromise was near completion in the Kansas Legislature one side, in a bold move to develop an advantage, ruined that potential for compromise.Conflicts between different interest groups for use of natural resources is one area where state geological surveys can provide assistance. A state geological survey working within the scientific constraints of specific issues can remain objective in its presentations and maintain the faith of both the conflicting interest groups and the public. In Kansas, the classical natural resource problem of resource/recreation in a populated area is presented as a case study. The state geological survey presented data on sand resources in the Kansas River and its valley in northeast Kansas. That information was important to both recreation and dredging interests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag GmbH & Company KG","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s002540050353","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Gerhard, L.C., and Brady, L.L., 1999, Environmental geology: Our professional public responsibility: Environmental Geology, v. 37, no. 1-2, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050353.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050353"},{"id":230692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09cbe4b0c8380cd52082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerhard, L. C.","contributorId":30767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerhard","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, L. L.","contributorId":33711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022024,"text":"70022024 - 1999 - Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:21:08","indexId":"70022024","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota","docAbstract":"Linear models were developed for predicting mean Secchi disk depth readings as a measure of water clarity for the summer months in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. The 20-yr (1976-1995) data set also included external phosphorus (P) loadings and in-lake April P concentrations as indices of lake nutrient status, and monthly (28 d) water column stabilities and Daphnia biomasses as indices of lake mixing and algal grazing potentials, respectively. June Secchi depths were mostly controlled by food web dynamics, which dictated whether the larger-bodied Daphnia pulicaria or the smaller-bodied D. galeata mendotae dominated during the spring clear-water phase. May Daphnia biomasses were significantly greater in D. pulicaria-dominated years than in D. galeata-dominated years; D. pulicaria-year biomasses were also greater during the summer months. The model for the midsummer (July-August) months indicated that Secchi depths were inversely related to April P concentrations and positively related to midsummer Daphnia biomasses and lake stabilities. Scenarios for midsummer Secchi depths were tested using the observed minimum and maximum values for each predictor variate. While holding two variates constant, April P, Daphnia biomass, and lake stability each resulted in relatively similar Secchi ranges (0.81, 0.81, and 1.17 m, respectively). Our results suggest that summer water clarity in eutrophic Lake Mendota is controlled by interacting ecosystem processes linked to land use activities, lake food web dynamics, and climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Lathrop, R., Carpenter, S., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 44, no. 1, p. 137-146.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f45e4b08c986b31e464","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lathrop, R.C.","contributorId":56827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lathrop","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, S.R.","contributorId":84534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022029,"text":"70022029 - 1999 - Spatial and temporal patterns of nonindigenous fish introductions in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T09:38:30","indexId":"70022029","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of nonindigenous fish introductions in the United States","docAbstract":"In 1978 biologists in Gainesville, Florida, began compiling records on the distribution and status of nonindigenous fishes known in U.S. inland waters. The database, now in electronic format, currently contains approximately 17,000 records representing more than 500 nonindigenous fish taxa (i.e., species, hybrids, and unidentified forms). Of these taxa, 317 (61%) are native to the United States but have been introduced by humans into U.S. drainages outside their natural geographic ranges; 185 (35%) are fishes introduced from foreign countries; and 22 (4%) are hybrids. Of the introduced foreign fish taxa, 71 (38%) are species that have established (i.e., reproducing) or possibly established populations in open U.S. waters. The database is a useful tool for natural resource managers and other decision makers. Although we periodically revise records and constantly enter new ones, our database is fairly updated; thus, we are able to more thoroughly analyze patterns of introduction and the spread of nonindigenous fishes within the United States. Moreover, information gaps exposed by the data set should serve to stimulate and guide future research on nonindigenous fishes. This paper introduces our database and provides an overview of temporal and spatial patterns of nonindigenous fish distributions in U.S. inland waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(1999)024<0016:SATPON>2.0.CO;2","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Nico, L., and Fuller, P., 1999, Spatial and temporal patterns of nonindigenous fish introductions in the United States: Fisheries, v. 24, no. 1, p. 16-27, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1999)024<0016:SATPON>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9441e4b08c986b31a977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, P.L. 0000-0002-9389-9144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-9144","contributorId":68245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022054,"text":"70022054 - 1999 - Seismic subduction of the Nazca Ridge as shown by the 1996-97 Peru earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022054","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic subduction of the Nazca Ridge as shown by the 1996-97 Peru earthquakes","docAbstract":"By rupturing more than half of the shallow subduction interface of the Nazca Ridge, the great November 12, 1996 Peruvian earthquake contradicts the hypothesis that oceanic ridges subduct aseismically. The mainshock's rupture has a length of about 200 km and has an average slip of about 1.4 m. Its moment is 1.5 x 1028 dyne-cm and the corresponding M(w) is 8.0. The mainshock registered three major episodes of moment release as shown by a finite fault inversion of teleseismically recorded broadband body waves. About 55% of the mainshock's total moment release occurred south of the Nazca Ridge, and the remaining moment release occurred at the southern half of the subduction interface of the Nazca Ridge. The rupture south of the Nazca Ridge was elongated parallel to the ridge axis and extended from a shallow depth to about 65 km depth. Because the axis of the Nazca Ridge is at a high angle to the plate convergence direction, the subducting Nazca Ridge has a large southwards component of motion, 5 cm/yr parallel to the coast. The 900-1200 m relief of the southwards sweeping Nazca Ridge is interpreted to act as a 'rigid indenter,' causing the greatest coupling south of the ridge's leading edge and leading to the large observed slip. The mainshock and aftershock hypocenters were relocated using a new procedure that simultaneously inverts local and teleseismic data. Most aftershocks were within the outline of the Nazca Ridge. A three-month delayed aftershock cluster' occurred at the northern part of the subducting Nazca Ridge. Aftershocks were notably lacking at the zone of greatest moment release, to the south of the Nazca Ridge. However, a lone foreshock at the southern end of this zone, some 140 km downstrike of the mainshock's epicenter, implies that conditions existed for rupture into that zone. The 1996 earthquake ruptured much of the inferred source zone of the M(w) 7.9-8.2 earthquake of 1942, although the latter was a slightly larger earthquake. The rupture zone of the 1996 earthquake is immediately north of the seismic gap left by the great earthquakes (M(w) ~8.8-9.1) of 1868 and 1877. The M(w) 8.0 Antofagasta earthquake of 1995 occurred at the southern end of this great seismic gap. The M(w) 8.2 deep-focus Bolivian earthquake of 1994 occurred directly downdip of the 1868 portion of that gap. The recent occurrence of three significant earthquakes on the periphery of the great seismic gap of the 1868 and 1877 events, among other factors, may signal an increased seismic potential for that zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Spence, W., Mendoza, C., Engdahl, E., Choy, G.L., and Norabuena, E., 1999, Seismic subduction of the Nazca Ridge as shown by the 1996-97 Peru earthquakes: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 154, no. 3-4, p. 753-776.","startPage":"753","endPage":"776","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b6be4b08c986b3177fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spence, W.","contributorId":7721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mendoza, C.","contributorId":82059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engdahl, E.R.","contributorId":22906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engdahl","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Norabuena, E.","contributorId":6619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norabuena","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022004,"text":"70022004 - 1999 - Pumping tests in networks of multilevel sampling wells: Motivation and methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T14:49:58","indexId":"70022004","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pumping tests in networks of multilevel sampling wells: Motivation and methodology","docAbstract":"The identification of spatial variations in hydraulic conductivity (K) on a scale of relevance for transport investigations has proven to be a considerable challenge. Recently, a new field method for the estimation of interwell variations in K has been proposed. This method, hydraulic tomography, essentially consists of a series of short‐term pumping tests performed in a tomographic‐like arrangement. In order to fully realize the potential of this approach, information about lateral and vertical variations in pumping‐induced head changes (drawdown) is required with detail that has previously been unobtainable in the field. Pumping tests performed in networks of multilevel sampling (MLS) wells can provide data of the needed density if drawdown can accurately and rapidly be measured in the small‐diameter tubing used in such wells. Field and laboratory experiments show that accurate transient drawdown data can be obtained in the small‐diameter MLS tubing either directly with miniature fiber‐optic pressure sensors or indirectly using air‐pressure transducers. As with data from many types of hydraulic tests, the quality of drawdown measurements from MLS tubing is quite dependent on the effectiveness of well development activities. Since MLS ports of the standard design are prone to clogging and are difficult to develop, alternate designs are necessary to ensure accurate drawdown measurements. Initial field experiments indicate that drawdown measurements obtained from pumping tests performed in MLS networks have considerable potential for providing valuable information about spatial variations in hydraulic conductivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900231","usgsCitation":"Butler, J., McElwee, C., and Bohling, G.C., 1999, Pumping tests in networks of multilevel sampling wells: Motivation and methodology: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 11, p. 3553-3560, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900231.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3553","endPage":"3560","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479598,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900231","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9034e4b0c8380cd7fbc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, J.J. Jr.","contributorId":12194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McElwee, C.D.","contributorId":66408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElwee","given":"C.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohling, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":43109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohling","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022088,"text":"70022088 - 1999 - Prediction of gas production using well logs, Cretaceous of north-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022088","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of gas production using well logs, Cretaceous of north-central Montana","docAbstract":"Cretaceous gas sands underlie much of east-central Alberta and southern Saskatchewan, eastern Montana, western North Dakota, and parts of South Dakota and Wyoming. Estimates of recoverable biogenic methane from these rocks in the United States are as high as 91 TCF. In northern Montana, current production is localized around a few major structural features, while vast areas in between these structures are not being exploited. Although the potential for production exists, the lack of commercial development is due to three major factors: 1) the lack of pipeline infrastructure; 2) the lack of predictable and reliable rates of production; and 3) the difficulty in recognizing and selecting potentially productive gas-charged intervals. Unconventional (tight), continuous-type reservoirs, such as those in the Cretaceous of the northern Great Plains, are not well suited for conventional methods of formation evaluation. Pay zones frequently consist only of thinly laminated intervals of sandstone, silt, shale stringers, and disseminated clay. Potential producing intervals are commonly unrecognizable on well logs, and thus are overlooked. To aid in the identification and selection of potential producing intervals, a calibration system is developed here that empirically links the 'gas effect' to gas production. The calibration system combines the effects of porosity, water saturation, and clay content into a single 'gas-production index' (GPI) that relates the in-situ rock with production potential. The fundamental method for isolating the gas effect for calibration is a crossplot of neutron porosity minus density porosity vs gamma-ray intensity. Well-log and gas-production data used for this study consist of 242 perforated intervals from 53 gas-producing wells. Interval depths range from about 250 to 2400 ft. Gas volumes in the peak calendar year of production range from about 4 to 136 MMCF. Nine producing formations are represented. Producing-interval data show that porosity and gas production are closely linked to clay volume. Highest porosities and maximum gas production occur together at an intermediate clay content of about 12% (60 API). As clay volume exceeds 35% (130 API), minimum porosity required for production increases rapidly, and the number of potential producing intervals declines. Gas production from intervals where clay volume exceeds 50% is rare. Effective porosities of less than about 8% are probably inadequate for commercial gas production in these rocks regardless of clay content.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Hester, T., 1999, Prediction of gas production using well logs, Cretaceous of north-central Montana: Mountain Geologist, v. 36, no. 2, p. 85-98.","startPage":"85","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81eee4b0c8380cd7b7e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hester, T.C.","contributorId":93054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70181854,"text":"70181854 - 1999 - Behaviour and ecology of sea ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:50:15","indexId":"70181854","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2919,"text":"Occasional Paper of the Canadian Wildlife Service","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behaviour and ecology of sea ducks","docAbstract":"In November 1995... a full-day symposium on the biology of sea ducks was held. The papers in this volume were presented at this symposium. It is hoped that by synthesizing this information, more informed management decisions for sea ducks may emerge. The symposium contents help to emphasize the seriousness of some conservation issues facing sea ducks, notably the possible endangerment of the eastern population of Barrow's Goldeneye and the dwindling number of eider ducks in the Nearctic, while also providing new data on the behaviour and habitat use of this beautiful group of ducks.
","conferenceDate":"November 1995","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","issn":"0576-6370","isbn":"0-662-28114-4","usgsCitation":"Goudie, R.I., Petersen, M.R., and Robertson, G.J., 1999, Behaviour and ecology of sea ducks: Occasional Paper of the Canadian Wildlife Service, 88 p.","productDescription":"88 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335405,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://publications.gc.ca/pub?id=9.614924&sl=0"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a4253ae4b0c825128ad477","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goudie, R. Ian","contributorId":181609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goudie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Gregory J.","contributorId":173883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27311,"text":"Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70174590,"text":"70174590 - 1999 - The impact of human activities on sediments of San Francisco Bay, California: an overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T15:20:02","indexId":"70174590","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of human activities on sediments of San Francisco Bay, California: an overview","docAbstract":"This note introduces a set of eight papers devoted to a detailed study of two sediment cores from San Francisco Bay with an overview of the region and a chronology of human activities. Data used in this study to constrain the range of sediment ages at different depths include ![\"Full-size](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304420398000802-si6.gif\" "\\"Full-size")
, and ![\"Full-size](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304420398000802-si7.gif\" "\\"Full-size")
concentrations in the sediment and the ![\"Full-size](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304420398000802-si8.gif\" "\\"Full-size")
age of shell fragments. In order of first detectable appearance in the record, the indicators of contamination that were analyzed include PAHs>Hg>Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn>DDT, PCB>foraminiferal Cd/Ca. This study also documents a large memory effect for estuarine contamination caused by sediment mixing and resuspension. Once an estuary such as San Francisco Bay has been contaminated, decades must pass before contaminant levels in surface sediment will return to background levels, even if external contaminant inputs have been entirely eliminated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00080-2","usgsCitation":"van Geen, A., and Luoma, S.N., 1999, The impact of human activities on sediments of San Francisco Bay, California: an overview: Marine Chemistry, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00080-2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4203(98)00080-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.61291503906249,\n 37.385435182627226\n ],\n [\n -122.61291503906249,\n 38.23170796744926\n ],\n [\n -121.61865234375,\n 38.23170796744926\n ],\n [\n -121.61865234375,\n 37.385435182627226\n ],\n [\n -122.61291503906249,\n 37.385435182627226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57876632e4b0d27deb36e1c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Geen, Alexander","contributorId":36876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Geen","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182199,"text":"70182199 - 1999 - Modeling bird mortality associated with the M/V Citrus oil spill off St. Paul Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T10:55:58","indexId":"70182199","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling bird mortality associated with the M/V Citrus oil spill off St. Paul Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"We developed a model to estimate the number of bird carcasses that were likely deposited on the beaches of St. Paul Island, Alaska following the M/V Citrus oil spill in February 1996. Most of the islands beaches were searched on an irregular schedule, resulting in the recovery of 876 King Eider carcasses. A sub-sample of beaches were intensively studied to estimate daily persistence rate and detection probability [Fowler, A.C., Flint, P.L., 1997. Marine Pollution Bulletin]. Using these data, our model predicted that an additional 733±70 King Eider carcasses were not detected during our searches. Therefore, we estimate that at least 1609±70 King Eider carcasses occurred on beaches as a result of the spill. We lacked sufficient sample size to model losses for other species, thus we applied the estimated recovery rate for King Eiders (54%) to other species and estimate a total combined loss of 1765 birds. In addition, 165 birds were captured alive making the total estimated number of birds impacted by the M/V Citrus spill 1930. Given that oiled birds occurred in places on the island which could not be systematically searched combined with the fact that it was unlikely that oiled birds that died at sea would have been recovered during our searches [Flint, P.L., Fowler, A.C., 1998. Marine Pollution Bulletin], our estimate of total mortality associated with the spill should be considered a minimum.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00006-X","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Fowler, A.C., and Rockwell, R.F., 1999, Modeling bird mortality associated with the M/V Citrus oil spill off St. Paul Island, Alaska: Ecological Modelling, v. 117, no. 2-3, p. 261-267, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00006-X.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"267","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.521.1664","text":"External Repository"},{"id":335855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"St. Paul Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.55999755859372,\n 57.07956023442378\n ],\n [\n -169.99557495117188,\n 57.07956023442378\n ],\n [\n -169.99557495117188,\n 57.29388636800383\n ],\n [\n -170.55999755859372,\n 57.29388636800383\n ],\n [\n -170.55999755859372,\n 57.07956023442378\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e32e4b0ce4410e7d614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fowler, Ada C.","contributorId":48304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Ada","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rockwell, Robert F.","contributorId":172752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6989,"text":"American Museum of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180395,"text":"70180395 - 1999 - Rock, stream sediment, and heavy-mineral concentrate geochemical data from Unga and western Popof Islands, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska: Chapter 6 in A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180395,"text":"70180395 - 1999 - Rock, stream sediment, and heavy-mineral concentrate geochemical data from Unga and western Popof Islands, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska: Chapter 6 in A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska","indexId":"70180395","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"6","title":"Rock, stream sediment, and heavy-mineral concentrate geochemical data from Unga and western Popof Islands, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska: Chapter 6 in A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":21825,"text":"ofr99136 - 1999 - Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska","indexId":"ofr99136","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":21825,"text":"ofr99136 - 1999 - Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska","indexId":"ofr99136","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T08:17:13","indexId":"70180395","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-136","chapter":"6","title":"Rock, stream sediment, and heavy-mineral concentrate geochemical data from Unga and western Popof Islands, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska: Chapter 6 in A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"The data reported here was collected during the 1982-1988 mineral resource assessment of the Port Moller and adjacent quadrangles (see Wilson and others, 1996). Analytical data for virtually all of the samples reported here has been previously published in a series of U.S.G.S. Open-File reports, including Angeloni and others (1985), Arbogast and others (1987), and Wilson and others (1987). Induction-coupled plasma (ICP) data is reported here for the first time on stream sediment samples resulting from analyses conducted by S.E. Church in the early 1990's. We have selected a subset of the Port Moller assessment data for inclusion in this report.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska (Open-File Report 99-136)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.3133/70180395","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., Church, S.E., and Bailey, E., 1999, Rock, stream sediment, and heavy-mineral concentrate geochemical data from Unga and western Popof Islands, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska: Chapter 6 in A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska (Version 1.3): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-136, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180395.","productDescription":"7 p.","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-136/chapters/c6_geochemistry/6_gochem.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula, Popof Island, Unga Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.77392578125,\n 55.407188641599014\n ],\n [\n -160.576171875,\n 55.43057190604551\n ],\n [\n -160.40863037109372,\n 55.380670870827416\n ],\n [\n -160.26855468749997,\n 55.36818576460152\n ],\n [\n -160.29876708984375,\n 55.246249384919125\n ],\n [\n -160.52947998046875,\n 55.11294279005422\n ],\n [\n -160.8673095703125,\n 55.09723033442451\n ],\n [\n -160.927734375,\n 55.229023057406344\n ],\n [\n -160.9002685546875,\n 55.374428810207625\n ],\n [\n -160.77392578125,\n 55.407188641599014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.3","publicComments":"Originally published in a CD-ROM; the file is now available online.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588f0d76e4b072a7ac08c127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, Stan E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stan","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Elizabeth","contributorId":61011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180393,"text":"70180393 - 1999 - Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks: Lithofacies, extent, and reservoir quality: Chapter CC in The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180393,"text":"70180393 - 1999 - Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks: Lithofacies, extent, and reservoir quality: Chapter CC in The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska","indexId":"70180393","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"CC","title":"Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks: Lithofacies, extent, and reservoir quality: Chapter CC in The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":21986,"text":"ofr9834 - 1999 - The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska","indexId":"ofr9834","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":21986,"text":"ofr9834 - 1999 - The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska","indexId":"ofr9834","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:17:25","indexId":"70180393","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-34","chapter":"CC","title":"Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks: Lithofacies, extent, and reservoir quality: Chapter CC in The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska","docAbstract":"Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks are potential hydrocarbon reservoir facies for four plays in the 1002 area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. These rocks include several units in the pre-Carboniferous basement and the Carboniferous Lisburne Group. Data from exploratory wells west of the 1002 area, outcrops south of the 1002 area, seismic lines, and well logs are synthesized herein to infer carbonate lithofacies, extent, and reservoir character beneath the northeastern Arctic coastal plain.
A chiefly shallow-water basement carbonate succession of Late Proterozoic through Early Devonian age (Katakturuk Dolomite, Nanook Limestone, and Mount Copleston Limestone) is interpreted to be present beneath much of the south-central 1002 area; it reaches 3,700 m thick in outcrop and is the primary reservoir for the Deformed Franklinian Play. A more heterogeneous lithologic assemblage of uncertain age forms basement in the northwestern part of the 1002 area; well data define three subunits that contain carbonate intervals 5- 50 m thick. These strata are prospective reservoirs for the Undeformed Franklinian Play and could also be reservoirs for the Niguanak- Aurora Play. Regional lithologic correlations suggest a Cambrian-Late Proterozoic(?) age for subunits one and two, and a slightly younger, later Cambrian-Silurian age for subunit three. Seismic and well data indicate that subunit one overlies subunit two and is overlain by subunit three. The Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Lisburne Group, a predominantly carbonate platform succession as much as 1 km thick, is projected beneath the southernmost part of the 1002 area and is a potential reservoir for the Ellesmerian Thrust-belt and Niguanak-Aurora Plays.
Carbonate rocks in the 1002 area probably retain little primary porosity but may have locally well developed secondary porosity. Measured reservoir parameters in basement carbonate strata are low (porosity generally ≤ 5%; permeability ≤ 0.2 md) but drill-stem tests found locally reasonable flow rates (4,220-4,800 bpd) and, in the Flaxman Island area, recovered gas and condensate from these rocks. The Lisburne Group has produced up to 50,000 bbl of oil/ day from the Lisburne field at Prudhoe Bay. Reservoir parameters of the Lisburne in northeastern Alaska range from low (porosities ≤ 5% in most limestones) to good (porosities average 6.5-10% in some dolostones). Reservoir quality in Carboniferous and older carbonate strata in the 1002 area should be greatest where these rocks are highly fractured and (or) truncated by the Lower Cretaceous Unconformity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 Area, Alaska (Open File Report 98-34)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70180393","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., 1999, Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks: Lithofacies, extent, and reservoir quality: Chapter CC in The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-34, CC-33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180393.","productDescription":"CC-33 p.","startPage":"CC-1","endPage":"CC-33","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334267,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0034/"},{"id":334266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0034/CC.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"ANWR, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.00927734375,\n 69.84246157021256\n ],\n [\n -142.71514892578125,\n 69.69524461137115\n ],\n [\n -142.91015625,\n 69.60259197307883\n ],\n [\n -143.02276611328125,\n 69.57768853364969\n ],\n [\n -143.909912109375,\n 69.5776885336496\n ],\n [\n -143.909912109375,\n 69.64944636884633\n ],\n [\n -144.613037109375,\n 69.64944636884633\n ],\n [\n -144.613037109375,\n 69.69333832362335\n ],\n [\n -146.2554931640625,\n 69.69333832362335\n ],\n [\n -146.2554931640625,\n 69.72001075967263\n ],\n [\n -146.4422607421875,\n 69.8225761110076\n ],\n [\n -146.4312744140625,\n 69.85854556489717\n ],\n [\n -146.1236572265625,\n 70.02434079930296\n ],\n [\n -146.0247802734375,\n 70.04309814378463\n ],\n [\n -145.865478515625,\n 70.16460963678996\n ],\n [\n -145.04150390625,\n 70.01683312770945\n ],\n [\n -144.580078125,\n 70.02434079930296\n ],\n [\n -143.6737060546875,\n 70.15715255172064\n ],\n [\n -142.9705810546875,\n 70.13849806648298\n ],\n [\n -142.5421142578125,\n 70.01307827710367\n ],\n [\n -142.1246337890625,\n 69.8736722051942\n ],\n [\n -142.00927734375,\n 69.84246157021256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Originally published in a 2-CD-ROM set; the file is now available online.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588f0d76e4b072a7ac08c12b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70171420,"text":"70171420 - 1999 - Preserving ground water samples with hydrochloric acid does not result in the formation of chloroform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T09:16:43","indexId":"70171420","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1866,"text":"Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preserving ground water samples with hydrochloric acid does not result in the formation of chloroform","docAbstract":"Water samples collected for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are often preserved with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to inhibit the biotransformation of the analytes of interest until the chemical analyses can he performed. However, it is theoretically possible that residual free chlorine in the HCl can react with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to form chloroform via the haloform reaction. Analyses of 1501 ground water samples preserved with HCl from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program indicate that chloroform was the most commonly detected VOC among 60 VOCs monitored. The DOC concentrations were not significantly larger in samples with detectable chloroform than in those with no delectable chloroform, nor was there any correlation between the concentrations of chloroform and DOC. Furthermore, chloroform was detected more frequently in shallow ground water in urban areas (28.5% of the wells sampled) than in agricultural areas (1.6% of the wells sampled), which indicates that its detection was more related to urban land-use activities than to sample acidification. These data provide strong evidence that acidification with HCl does not lead to the production of significant amounts of chloroform in ground water samples. To verify these results, an acidification study was designed to measure the concentrations of all trihalomethanes (THMs) that can form as a result of HCl preservation in ground water samples and to determine if ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) could inhibit this reaction if it did occur. This study showed that no THMs were formed as a result of HCl acidification, and that ascorbic acid had no discernible effect on the concentrations of THMs measured.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ground Water Pub. Co.","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00187.x","usgsCitation":"Squillace, P.J., Pankow, J.F., Barbash, J.E., Price, C.V., and Zogorski, J.S., 1999, Preserving ground water samples with hydrochloric acid does not result in the formation of chloroform: Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, v. 19, no. 1, p. 67-74, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00187.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5dbe4b0ee97d51a83f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squillace, Paul J.","contributorId":59415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pankow, James F.","contributorId":72253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barbash, Jack E. 0000-0001-9854-8880 jbarbash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-8880","contributorId":1003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"Jack","email":"jbarbash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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