{"pageNumber":"1207","pageRowStart":"30150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70186185,"text":"70186185 - 2015 - Trends and natural variability of North American spring onset as evaluated by a new gridded dataset of spring indices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T10:20:53","indexId":"70186185","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends and natural variability of North American spring onset as evaluated by a new gridded dataset of spring indices","docAbstract":"Climate change is expected to modify the timing of seasonal transitions this century, impacting wildlife migrations, ecosystem function, and agricultural activity. Tracking seasonal transitions in a consistent manner across space and through time requires indices that can be used for monitoring and managing biophysical and ecological systems during the coming decades. Here a new gridded dataset of spring indices is described and used to understand interannual, decadal, and secular trends across the coterminous United States. This dataset is derived from daily interpolated meteorological data, and the results are compared with historical station data to ensure the trends and variations are robust. Regional trends in the first leaf index range from 20.8 to 21.6 days decade21, while first bloom index trends are between20.4 and 21.2 for most regions. However, these trends are modulated by interannual to multidecadal variations, which are substantial throughout the regions considered here. These findings emphasize the important role large-scale climate modes of variability play in modulating spring onset on interannual to multidecadal time scales. Finally, there is some potential for successful subseasonal forecasts of spring onset, as indices from most regions are significantly correlated with antecedent large-scale modes of variability.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00736.1","usgsCitation":"Ault, T.R., Schwartz, M.D., Zurita-Milla, R., Weltzin, J.F., and Betancourt, J.L., 2015, Trends and natural variability of North American spring onset as evaluated by a new gridded dataset of spring indices: Journal of Climate, v. 28, no. 21, p. 8363-8378, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00736.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"8363","endPage":"8378","ipdsId":"IP-064784","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/0858f753-4773-4800-b11e-86d3513ced55","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"21","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac2e4b02ff32c6aea43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ault, Toby R.","contributorId":146164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ault","given":"Toby","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Mark D.","contributorId":175228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18038,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zurita-Milla, Raul","contributorId":146213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zurita-Milla","given":"Raul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16630,"text":"Department of Geo-Information Processing, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F. 0000-0001-8641-6645 jweltzin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-6645","contributorId":189061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":687790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70186870,"text":"70186870 - 2015 - Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:34:17","indexId":"70186870","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions","docAbstract":"<p><span>A comparison of the hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger volumes of crystalline rock was conducted in the Piedmont physiographic region near Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Fluid-injection tests were conducted on intervals of boreholes isolating closely spaced fractures. Single-hole tests were conducted by pumping in open boreholes for approximately 30&nbsp;min, and an interference test was conducted by pumping a single borehole over 3&nbsp;days while monitoring nearby boreholes. An estimate of the hydraulic conductivity of the rock over hundreds of meters was inferred from simulating groundwater inflow into a kilometer-long section of a Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority tunnel in the study area, and a groundwater modeling investigation over the Rock Creek watershed provided an estimate of the hydraulic conductivity over kilometers. The majority of groundwater flow is confined to relatively few fractures at a given location. Boreholes installed to depths of approximately 50&nbsp;m have one or two highly transmissive fractures; the transmissivity of the remaining fractures ranges over five orders of magnitude. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger rock volumes varied by less than half an order of magnitude. While many investigations point to increasing hydraulic conductivity as a function of the measurement scale, a comparison with selected investigations shows that the effective hydraulic conductivity estimated over larger volumes of rock can either increase, decrease, or remain stable as a function of the measurement scale. Caution needs to be exhibited in characterizing effective hydraulic properties in fractured rock for the purposes of groundwater management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-015-1285-7","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., Ladderud, J., and Yager, R.M., 2015, Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 23, no. 7, p. 1319-1339, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1285-7.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1319","endPage":"1339","ipdsId":"IP-065461","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ef3dace4b0eed1ab8e3be4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ladderud, Jeffery","contributorId":190799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ladderud","given":"Jeffery","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186704,"text":"70186704 - 2015 - Mineral resource of the month: Pumice and pumicite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T12:54:39","indexId":"70186704","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: Pumice and pumicite","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pumice is an extrusive igneous volcanic rock formed through the rapid cooling of air-pocketed lava, which results in a low-density, high-porosity rock. Fine-grained pumice, or pumicite, is defined as minute grains, flakes, threads or shards of volcanic glass, with a size finer than 4 millimeters.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Crangle, R., 2015, Mineral resource of the month: Pumice and pumicite: Earth, v. November 2015, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-012741","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339418,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.earthmagazine.org/mineral-resource-of-the-month-archive"}],"volume":"November 2015","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a543e4b09da6799d63a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crangle, Robert Jr. 0000-0002-8120-3760 rcrangle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-3760","contributorId":141008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rcrangle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70160074,"text":"70160074 - 2015 - Limited role for thermal erosion by turbulent lava in proximal Athabasca Valles, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T16:21:56","indexId":"70160074","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limited role for thermal erosion by turbulent lava in proximal Athabasca Valles, Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Athabasca Valles flood lava is among the most recent (&lt;50&thinsp;Ma) and best preserved effusive lava flows on Mars and was probably emplaced turbulently. The Williams et al. (2005) model of thermal erosion by lava has been applied to what we term &ldquo;proximal Athabasca,&rdquo; the 75&thinsp;km long upstream portion of Athabasca Valles. For emplacement volumes of 5000 and 7500&thinsp;km</span><span>3</span><span>and average flow thicknesses of 20 and 30&thinsp;m, the duration of the eruption varies between ~11 and ~37&thinsp;days. The erosion of the lava flow substrate is investigated for three eruption temperatures (1270&deg;C, 1260&deg;C, and 1250&deg;C), and volatile contents equivalent to 0&ndash;65&thinsp;vol&thinsp;% bubbles. The largest erosion depths of ~3.8&ndash;7.5&thinsp;m are at the lava source, for 20&thinsp;m thick and bubble-free flows that erupted at their liquidus temperature (1270&deg;C). A substrate containing 25&thinsp;vol&thinsp;% ice leads to maximum erosion. A lava temperature 20&deg;C below liquidus reduces erosion depths by a factor of ~2.2. If flow viscosity increases with increasing bubble content in the lava, the presence of 30&ndash;50&thinsp;vol&thinsp;% bubbles leads to erosion depths lower than those relative to bubble-free lava by a factor of ~2.4. The presence of 25&thinsp;vol&thinsp;% ice in the substrate increases erosion depths by a factor of 1.3. Nevertheless, modeled erosion depths, consistent with the emplacement volume and flow duration constraints, are far less than the depth of the channel (~35&ndash;100&thinsp;m). We conclude that thermal erosion does not appear to have had a major role in excavating Athabasca Valles.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JE004761","usgsCitation":"Cataldo, V., Williams, D., Dundas, C.M., and Keszthelyi, L.P., 2015, Limited role for thermal erosion by turbulent lava in proximal Athabasca Valles, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 120, no. 11, p. 1800-1819, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JE004761.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1800","endPage":"1819","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059899","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1002/2014JE004761","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"120","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5698d4cfe4b0fbd3f7fa4c4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cataldo, Vincenzo","contributorId":150474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cataldo","given":"Vincenzo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, David A.","contributorId":84604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo","email":"laz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70159855,"text":"70159855 - 2015 - USGS National Wildlife Health Center quarterly wildlife mortality report April 2015 to June 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T17:03:09.069253","indexId":"70159855","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3769,"text":"Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS National Wildlife Health Center quarterly wildlife mortality report April 2015 to June 2015","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","usgsCitation":"Ballmann, A., Bodenstein, B., Dusek, R., Grear, D.A., and Chipault, J.G., 2015, USGS National Wildlife Health Center quarterly wildlife mortality report April 2015 to June 2015: Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter, no. October 2015, p. 6-8.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068955","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311763,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wildlifedisease.org/wda/PUBLICATIONS/WDANewsletter/Archive/201510.aspx"},{"id":311764,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"October 2015","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565ed2bae4b071e7ea544436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballmann, Anne 0000-0002-0380-056X aballmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-056X","contributorId":140319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballmann","given":"Anne","email":"aballmann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodenstein, Barbara L. 0000-0001-7946-0103 bbodenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0103","contributorId":139354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodenstein","given":"Barbara L.","email":"bbodenstein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":140396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grear, Daniel A. 0000-0002-5478-1549 dgrear@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-1549","contributorId":149047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grear","given":"Daniel","email":"dgrear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chipault, Jennifer G. 0000-0002-1368-622X jchipault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-622X","contributorId":4765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipault","given":"Jennifer","email":"jchipault@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70159630,"text":"70159630 - 2015 - Remote sensing to monitor cover crop adoption in southeastern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T16:07:41","indexId":"70159630","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing to monitor cover crop adoption in southeastern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>In the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, winter cereal cover crops are often planted in rotation with summer crops to reduce the loss of nutrients and sediment from agricultural systems. Cover crops can also improve soil health, control weeds and pests, supplement forage needs, and support resilient cropping systems. In southeastern Pennsylvania, cover crops can be successfully established following corn (Zea mays L.) silage harvest and are strongly promoted for use in this niche. They are also planted following corn grain, soybean (Glycine max L.), and vegetable harvest. In Pennsylvania, the use of winter cover crops for agricultural conservation has been supported through a combination of outreach, regulation, and incentives. On-farm implementation is thought to be increasing, but the actual extent of cover crops is not well quantified. Satellite imagery can be used to map green winter cover crop vegetation on agricultural fields and, when integrated with additional remote sensing data products, can be used to evaluate wintertime vegetative groundcover following specific summer crops. This study used Landsat and SPOT (System Probatoire d&rsquo; Observation de la Terre) satellite imagery, in combination with the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service Cropland Data Layer, to evaluate the extent and amount of green wintertime vegetation on agricultural fields in four Pennsylvania counties (Berks, Lebanon, Lancaster, and York) from 2010 to 2013. In December of 2010, a windshield survey was conducted to collect baseline data on winter cover crop implementation, with particular focus on identifying corn harvested for silage (expected earlier harvest date and lower levels of crop residue), versus for grain (expected later harvest date and higher levels of crop residue). Satellite spectral indices were successfully used to detect both the amount of green vegetative groundcover and the amount of crop residue on the surveyed fields. Analysis of wintertime satellite imagery showed consistent increases in vegetative groundcover over the four-year study period and determined that trends did not result from annual weather variability, indicating that farmers are increasing adoption of practices such as cover cropping that promote wintertime vegetation. Between 2010 and 2013, the occurrence of wintertime vegetation on agricultural fields increased from 36% to 67% of corn fields in Berks County, from 53% to 75% in Lancaster County, from 42% to 65% in Lebanon County, and from 26% to 52% in York County. Apparently, efforts to promote cover crop use in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed have coincided with a rapid increase in the occurrence of wintertime vegetation following corn harvest in southeastern Pennsylvania. However, despite these increases, between 25% and 48% of corn fields remained without substantial green vegetation over the wintertime, indicating further opportunity for cover crop adoption.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","doi":"10.2489/jswc.70.6.340","usgsCitation":"Hively, W., Duiker, S., Greg McCarty, and Prabhakara, K., 2015, Remote sensing to monitor cover crop adoption in southeastern Pennsylvania: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 70, no. 6, p. 340-352, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.70.6.340.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"340","endPage":"352","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061440","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.70.6.340","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311303,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jswconline.org/content/70/6/340.full.pdf"},{"id":311321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern and Central Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.2176513671875,\n              39.73253798438173\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.48681640625,\n              40.0360265298117\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.22314453125,\n              40.12429084831405\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.3275146484375,\n              40.32141999593439\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.08032226562499,\n              40.35073056591789\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.08032226562499,\n              40.32560799973207\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.78369140625,\n              40.41767833585551\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5474853515625,\n              40.27533480732468\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.860595703125,\n              39.757879992021756\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.8660888671875,\n              39.72831341029745\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2176513671875,\n              39.73253798438173\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.9754638671875,\n              41.31907562295136\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.9425048828125,\n              40.61812224225511\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0306396484375,\n              40.6723059714534\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0965576171875,\n              41.36031866306708\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.9754638671875,\n              41.31907562295136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717d7e4b0e2669b313129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hively, Wells whively@usgs.gov","contributorId":149843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"Wells","email":"whively@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duiker, Sjoerd","contributorId":149844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duiker","given":"Sjoerd","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17838,"text":"Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 116 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802-3504","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greg McCarty","contributorId":149845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greg McCarty","affiliations":[{"id":17839,"text":"USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Building 007 Room 104 BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prabhakara, Kusuma","contributorId":6313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prabhakara","given":"Kusuma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70159553,"text":"70159553 - 2015 - Wintering ecology of sympatric subspecies of Sandhill Crane: Correlations between body size, site fidelity, and movement patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-10T16:50:35","indexId":"70159553","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wintering ecology of sympatric subspecies of Sandhill Crane: Correlations between body size, site fidelity, and movement patterns","docAbstract":"<p>Body size is known to correlate with many aspects of life history in birds, and this knowledge can be used to manage and conserve bird species. However, few studies have compared the wintering ecology of sympatric subspecies that vary significantly in body size. We used radiotelemetry to examine the relationship between body size and site fidelity, movements, and home range in 2 subspecies of Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) wintering in the Sacramento&ndash;San Joaquin Delta of California, USA. Both subspecies showed high interannual return rates to the Delta study area, but Greater Sandhill Cranes (G. c. tabida) showed stronger within-winter fidelity to landscapes in our study region and to roost complexes within landscapes than did Lesser Sandhill Cranes (G. c. canadensis). Foraging flights from roost sites were shorter for G. c. tabida than for G. c. canadensis (1.9 &plusmn; 0.01 km vs. 4.5 &plusmn; 0.01 km, respectively) and, consequently, the mean size of 95% fixed-kernel winter home ranges was an order of magnitude smaller for G. c. tabida than for G. c. canadensis (1.9 &plusmn; 0.4 km2 vs. 21.9 &plusmn; 1.9 km2, respectively). Strong site fidelity indicates that conservation planning to manage for adequate food resources around traditional roost sites can be effective for meeting the habitat needs of these cranes, but the scale of conservation efforts should differ by subspecies. Analysis of movement patterns suggests that conservation planners and managers should consider all habitats within 5 km of a known G. c. tabida roost and within 10 km of a G. c. canadensis roost when planning for habitat management, mitigation, acquisition, and easements.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-14-159.1","collaboration":"USFWS","usgsCitation":"Ivey, G.L., Dugger, B., Herziger, C.P., Casazza, M.L., and Fleskes, J., 2015, Wintering ecology of sympatric subspecies of Sandhill Crane: Correlations between body size, site fidelity, and movement patterns: The Condor, v. 117, no. 4, p. 518-529, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-14-159.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"518","endPage":"529","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056217","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-14-159.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56432355e4b0aafbcd01803d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivey, Gary L.","contributorId":79802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivey","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugger, Bruce D.","contributorId":81236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Bruce D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herziger, Caroline P.","contributorId":23441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herziger","given":"Caroline","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","contributorId":139006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph P.","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70159500,"text":"70159500 - 2015 - Mercury in stream water at five Czech catchments across a Hg and S deposition gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-09T14:02:46","indexId":"70159500","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in stream water at five Czech catchments across a Hg and S deposition gradient","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Czech Republic was heavily industrialized in the second half of the 20th century but the associated emissions of Hg and S from coal burning were significantly reduced since the 1990s. We studied dissolved (filtered) stream water mercury (Hg) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations at five catchments with contrasting Hg and S deposition histories in the Bohemian part of the Czech Republic. The median filtered Hg concentrations of stream water samples collected in hydrological years 2012 and 2013 from the five sites varied by an order of magnitude from 1.3 to 18.0&nbsp;ng&nbsp;L</span><sup>&minus;&nbsp;1</sup><span>. The Hg concentrations at individual catchments were strongly correlated with DOC concentrations r from 0.64 to 0.93 and with discharge r from 0.48 to 0.75. Annual export fluxes of filtered Hg from individual catchments ranged from 0.11 to 13.3&nbsp;&mu;g&nbsp;m</span><sup>&minus;&nbsp;2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>&minus;&nbsp;1</sup><span>&nbsp;and were highest at sites with the highest DOC export fluxes. However, the amount of Hg exported per unit DOC varied widely; the mean Hg/DOC ratio in stream water at the individual sites ranged from 0.28 to 0.90&nbsp;ng&nbsp;mg</span><sup>&minus;&nbsp;1</sup><span>. The highest stream Hg/DOC ratios occurred at sites Pluhův Bor and Jezeř&iacute; which both are in the heavily polluted Black Triangle area. Stream Hg/DOC was inversely related to mineral and total soil pool Hg/C across the five sites. We explain this pattern by greater soil Hg retention due to inhibition of soil organic matter decomposition at the sites with low stream Hg/DOC and/or by precipitation of a metacinnabar (HgS) phase. Thus mobilization of Hg into streams from forest soils likely depends on combined effects of organic matter decomposition dynamics and HgS-like phase precipitation, which were both affected by Hg and S deposition histories.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.07.016","usgsCitation":"Navrátil, T., Shanley, J.B., Rohovec, J., Oulehle, F., Kram, P., Matouskova, S., Tesar, M., and Hojdová, M., 2015, Mercury in stream water at five Czech catchments across a Hg and S deposition gradient: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 158, p. 201-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.07.016.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"211","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066709","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science 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0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rohovec, Jan","contributorId":149721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rohovec","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17790,"text":"Czech Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oulehle, Filip","contributorId":149722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oulehle","given":"Filip","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17791,"text":"Czech Geological 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Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hojdová, Maria","contributorId":149726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hojdová","given":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":17792,"text":"Czech Acedemy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70160106,"text":"70160106 - 2015 - LiDAR based prediction of forest biomass using hierarchical models with spatially varying coefficients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T11:10:26","indexId":"70160106","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"LiDAR based prediction of forest biomass using hierarchical models with spatially varying coefficients","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many studies and production inventory systems have shown the utility of coupling covariates derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data with forest variables measured on georeferenced inventory plots through regression models. The objective of this study was to propose and assess the use of a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework that accommodates both residual spatial dependence and non-stationarity of model covariates through the introduction of spatial random effects. We explored this objective using four forest inventory datasets that are part of the North American Carbon Program, each comprising point-referenced measures of above-ground forest biomass and discrete LiDAR. For each dataset, we considered at least five regression model specifications of varying complexity. Models were assessed based on goodness of fit criteria and predictive performance using a 10-fold cross-validation procedure. Results showed that the addition of spatial random effects to the regression model intercept improved fit and predictive performance in the presence of substantial residual spatial dependence. Additionally, in some cases, allowing either some or all regression slope parameters to vary spatially, via the addition of spatial random effects, further improved model fit and predictive performance. In other instances, models showed improved fit but decreased predictive performance&mdash;indicating over-fitting and underscoring the need for cross-validation to assess predictive ability. The proposed Bayesian modeling framework provided access to pixel-level posterior predictive distributions that were useful for uncertainty mapping, diagnosing spatial extrapolation issues, revealing missing model covariates, and discovering locally significant parameters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.028","usgsCitation":"Babcock, C., Finley, A., Bradford, J.B., Kolka, R.K., Birdsey, R.A., and Ryan, M., 2015, LiDAR based prediction of forest biomass using hierarchical models with spatially varying coefficients: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 169, p. 113-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.028.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"127","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034289","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.028","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Fraser Experimental Forest, Marcell Experimental Forest, Niwot Long Term Ecological Research Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.9,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.9,\n              39.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8,\n              39.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.9,\n              39\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94,\n              47\n            ],\n            [\n              -94,\n              48\n            ],\n            [\n              -93,\n              48\n            ],\n            [\n              -93,\n              47\n            ],\n            [\n              -94,\n              47\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.6,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.6,\n              40.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.5,\n             40.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.5,\n           40\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.6,\n              40\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"169","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff652e4b09cfe53ca79a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Babcock, Chad","contributorId":150502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babcock","given":"Chad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18039,"text":"Department of Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finley, Andrew O.","contributorId":70666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"Andrew O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolka, Randall K.","contributorId":16150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolka","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":13259,"text":"USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birdsey, Richard A.","contributorId":17751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdsey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryan, Michael G.","contributorId":101580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Michael G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70193040,"text":"70193040 - 2015 - Now hiring! Empirically testing a three-step intervention to increase faculty gender diversity in STEM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T16:49:46","indexId":"70193040","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Now hiring! Empirically testing a three-step intervention to increase faculty gender diversity in STEM","docAbstract":"<p><span>Workforce homogeneity limits creativity, discovery, and job satisfaction; nonetheless, the vast majority of university faculty in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are men. We conducted a randomized and controlled three-step faculty search intervention based in self-determination theory aimed at increasing the number of women faculty in STEM at one US university where increasing diversity had historically proved elusive. Results show that the numbers of women candidates considered for and offered tenure-track positions were significantly higher in the intervention groups compared with those in controls. Searches in the intervention were 6.3 times more likely to make an offer to a woman candidate, and women who were made an offer were 5.8 times more likely to accept the offer from an intervention search. Although the focus was on increasing women faculty within STEM, the intervention can be adapted to other scientific and academic communities to advance diversity along any dimension.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biv138","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.L., Handley, I.M., Zale, A.V., Rushing, S., and Potvin, M.A., 2015, Now hiring! Empirically testing a three-step intervention to increase faculty gender diversity in STEM: BioScience, v. 65, no. 11, p. 1084-1087, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv138.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1084","endPage":"1087","ipdsId":"IP-059205","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv138","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb2ae4b09af898c8ccc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Jessi L.","contributorId":200044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Jessi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handley, Ian M.","contributorId":200045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Handley","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zale, Alexander V. 0000-0003-1703-885X zale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-885X","contributorId":3010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"Alexander","email":"zale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rushing, Sara","contributorId":200046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rushing","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Potvin, Martha A.","contributorId":200047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potvin","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70161997,"text":"70161997 - 2015 - Imaging the magmatic system of Mono Basin, California with magnetotellurics in three--dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-13T09:58:17","indexId":"70161997","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging the magmatic system of Mono Basin, California with magnetotellurics in three--dimensions","docAbstract":"<p>A three&ndash;dimensional (3D) electrical resistivity model of Mono Basin in eastern California unveils a complex subsurface filled with zones of partial melt, fluid&ndash;filled fracture networks, cold plutons, and regional faults. In 2013, 62 broadband magnetotelluric (MT) stations were collected in an array around southeastern Mono Basin from which a 3D electrical resistivity model was created with a resolvable depth of 35 km. Multiple robust electrical resistivity features were found that correlate with existing geophysical observations. The most robust features are two 300 &plusmn; 50 km3 near-vertical conductive bodies (3&ndash;10 Ω&middot;m) that underlie the southeast and north-eastern margin of Mono Craters below 10 km depth. These features are interpreted as magmatic crystal&ndash;melt mush zones of 15 &plusmn; 5% interstitial melt surrounded by hydrothermal fluids and are likely sources for Holocene eruptions. Two conductive east&ndash;dipping structures appear to connect each magma source region to the surface. A conductive arc&ndash;like structure (&lt; 0.9 Ω&middot;m) links the northernmost mush column at 10 km depth to just below vents near Panum Crater, where the high conductivity suggests the presence of hydrothermal fluids. The connection from the southernmost mush column at 10 km depth to below South Coul&eacute;e is less obvious with higher resistivity (200 Ω&middot;m) suggestive of a cooled connection. A third, less constrained conductive feature (4&ndash;10 Ω&middot;m) 15 km deep extending to 35 km is located west of Mono Craters near the eastern front of the Sierra Nevada escarpment, and is coincident with a zone of sporadic, long&ndash;period earthquakes that are characteristic of a fluid-filled (magmatic or metamorphic) fracture network. A resistive feature (103&ndash;105 Ω&middot;m) located under Aeolian Buttes contains a deep root down to 25 km. The eastern edge of this resistor appears to structurally control the arcuate shape of Mono Craters. These observations have been combined to form a new conceptual model of the magmatic system beneath Mono Craters to a depth of 30 km.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012071","usgsCitation":"Peacock, J.R., Mangan, M.T., McPhee, D., and Ponce, D.A., 2015, Imaging the magmatic system of Mono Basin, California with magnetotellurics in three--dimensions: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 120, no. 11, p. 7273-7289, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012071.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"7273","endPage":"7289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064799","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012071","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.6136474609375,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.6136474609375,\n              38.39764411353181\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.60290527343749,\n              38.39764411353181\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.60290527343749,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.6136474609375,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5697833ce4b039675d00a6e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peacock, Jared R. 0000-0002-0439-0224 jpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-0224","contributorId":4996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Jared","email":"jpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangan, Margaret T. 0000-0002-5273-8053 mmangan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-8053","contributorId":3343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"Margaret","email":"mmangan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPhee, Darcy 0000-0002-5177-3068 dmcphee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-3068","contributorId":2621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"Darcy","email":"dmcphee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70170064,"text":"70170064 - 2015 - Earthquake rupture process recreated from a natural fault surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T09:52:02","indexId":"70170064","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake rupture process recreated from a natural fault surface","docAbstract":"<p>What exactly happens on the rupture surface as an earthquake nucleates, spreads, and stops? We cannot observe this directly, and models depend on assumptions about physical conditions and geometry at depth. We thus measure a natural fault surface and use its 3D coordinates to construct a replica at 0.1 m resolution to obviate geometry uncertainty. We can recreate stick-slip behavior on the resulting finite element model that depends solely on observed fault geometry. We clamp the fault together and apply steady state tectonic stress until seismic slip initiates and terminates. Our recreated M~1 earthquake initiates at contact points where there are steep surface gradients because infinitesimal lateral displacements reduce clamping stress most efficiently there. Unclamping enables accelerating slip to spread across the surface, but the fault soon jams up because its uneven, anisotropic shape begins to juxtapose new high-relief sticking points. These contacts would ultimately need to be sheared off or strongly deformed before another similar earthquake could occur. Our model shows that an important role is played by fault-wall geometry, though we do not include effects of varying fluid pressure or exotic rheologies on the fault surfaces. We extrapolate our results to large fault systems using observed self-similarity properties, and suggest that larger ruptures might begin and end in a similar way, though the scale of geometrical variation in fault shape that can arrest a rupture necessarily scales with magnitude. In other words, fault segmentation may be a magnitude dependent phenomenon and could vary with each subsequent rupture.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012448","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T.E., and Minasian, D.L., 2015, Earthquake rupture process recreated from a natural fault surface: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 120, no. 11, p. 7852-7862, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012448.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"7852","endPage":"7862","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070265","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012448","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572485f6e4b0b13d39159416","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minasian, Diane L. dminasian@usgs.gov","contributorId":3232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minasian","given":"Diane","email":"dminasian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187292,"text":"70187292 - 2015 - Decomposition of sea lamprey <i>Petromyzon marinus</i> carcasses: temperature effects, nutrient dynamics, and implications for stream food webs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T16:15:20","indexId":"70187292","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decomposition of sea lamprey <i>Petromyzon marinus</i> carcasses: temperature effects, nutrient dynamics, and implications for stream food webs","docAbstract":"<p><span>Anadromous fishes serve as vectors of marine-derived nutrients into freshwaters that are incorporated into aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Pacific salmonines </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Oncorhynchus</i><span> spp. exemplify the importance of migratory fish as links between marine and freshwater systems; however, little attention has been given to sea lamprey (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Petromyzon marinus</i><span> Linnaeus, 1758) in Atlantic coastal systems. A first step to understanding the role of sea lamprey in freshwater food webs is to characterize the composition and rate of nutrient inputs. We conducted laboratory and field studies characterizing the elemental composition and the decay rates and subsequent water enriching effects of sea lamprey carcasses. Proximate tissue analysis demonstrated lamprey carcass nitrogen:phosphorus ratios of 20.2:1 (±1.18 SE). In the laboratory, carcass decay resulted in liberation of phosphorus within 1&nbsp;week and nitrogen within 3&nbsp;weeks. Nutrient liberation was accelerated at higher temperatures. In a natural stream, carcass decomposition resulted in an exponential decline in biomass, and after 24&nbsp;days, the proportion of initial biomass remaining was 27% (±3.0% SE). We provide quantitative results as to the temporal dynamics of sea lamprey carcass decomposition and subsequent nutrient liberation. These nutrient subsidies may arrive at a critical time to maximize enrichment of stream food webs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-015-2302-5","usgsCitation":"Weaver, D.M., Coghlan, S.M., Zydlewski, J.D., Hogg, R.S., and Canton, M., 2015, Decomposition of sea lamprey <i>Petromyzon marinus</i> carcasses: temperature effects, nutrient dynamics, and implications for stream food webs: Hydrobiologia, v. 760, no. 1, p. 57-67, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2302-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"67","ipdsId":"IP-061314","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"760","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030326e4b0e862d230f733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, Daniel M.","contributorId":145786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weaver","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coghlan, Stephen M. Jr.","contributorId":169678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coghlan","given":"Stephen","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hogg, Robert S.","contributorId":169677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hogg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Canton, Michael","contributorId":191499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canton","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70187167,"text":"70187167 - 2015 - Bringing GRACE down to Earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T15:14:36","indexId":"70187167","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bringing GRACE down to Earth","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12379","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., and Konikow, L.F., 2015, Bringing GRACE down to Earth: Groundwater, v. 53, no. 6, p. 826-829, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12379.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"826","endPage":"829","ipdsId":"IP-068817","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12379","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006064e4b0e85db3a5dddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":191395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187118,"text":"70187118 - 2015 - Widespread occurrence of (per)chlorate in the Solar System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:27:42","indexId":"70187118","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread occurrence of (per)chlorate in the Solar System","docAbstract":"<p>Perchlorate (ClO− 4 ) and chlorate (ClO− 3 ) are ubiquitous on Earth and ClO− 4 has also been found on Mars. These species can play important roles in geochemical processes such as oxidation of organic matter and as biological electron acceptors, and are also indicators of important photochemical reactions involving oxyanions; on Mars they could be relevant for human habitability both in terms of in situ resource utilization and potential human health effects. For the first time, we extracted, detected and quantified ClO− 4 and ClO− 3 in extraterrestrial, non-planetary samples: regolith and rock samples from the Moon, and two chondrite meteorites (Murchison and Fayetteville). Lunar samples were collected by astronauts during the Apollo program, and meteorite samples were recovered immediately after their fall. This fact, together with the heterogeneous distribution of ClO− 4 and ClO− 3 within some of the samples, and their relative abundance with respect to other soluble species (e.g., NO− 3 ) are consistent with an extraterrestrial origin of the oxychlorine species. Our results, combined with the previously reported widespread occurrence on Earth and Mars, indicate that ClO− 4 and ClO− 3 could be present throughout the Solar System.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.003","usgsCitation":"Jackson, W.A., Davila, A., Sears, D.W., Coates, J.D., McKay, C.P., Brundrett, M., Estrada, N., and Bohlke, J., 2015, Widespread occurrence of (per)chlorate in the Solar System: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 430, p. 470-476, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.003.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"470","endPage":"476","ipdsId":"IP-066388","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"430","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea1e4b006455f2d61d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, W. Andrew","contributorId":191113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davila, Alfonso F","contributorId":191267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davila","given":"Alfonso F","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sears, Derek W. G.","contributorId":191273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sears","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"W. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coates, John D.","contributorId":191274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coates","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKay, Christopher P.","contributorId":58156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brundrett, Meaghan","contributorId":191275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brundrett","given":"Meaghan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Estrada, Nubia","contributorId":176622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Estrada","given":"Nubia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70169071,"text":"70169071 - 2015 - In Response: Biological arguments for selecting effect sizes in ecotoxicological testing—A governmental perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-17T11:44:33","indexId":"70169071","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In Response: Biological arguments for selecting effect sizes in ecotoxicological testing—A governmental perspective","docAbstract":"<p><span>Criticisms of the uses of the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) and more generally the entire null hypothesis statistical testing scheme are hardly new or unique to the field of ecotoxicology [</span><a class=\"link__reference js-link__reference\" title=\"Link to bibliographic citations\" rel=\"references:#etc3108-bib-0001 #etc3108-bib-0002 #etc3108-bib-0003 #etc3108-bib-0004\" href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.3108/full#etc3108-bib-0001\">1-4</a><span>]. Among the criticisms of NOECs and LOECs is that statistically similar LOECs (in terms of&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;value) can represent drastically different levels of effect. For instance, my colleagues and I found that a battery of chronic toxicity tests with different species and endpoints yielded LOECs with minimum detectable differences ranging from 3% to 48% reductions from controls [</span><a class=\"link__reference js-link__reference\" title=\"Link to bibliographic citation\" rel=\"references:#etc3108-bib-0005\" href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.3108/full#etc3108-bib-0005\">5</a><span>].</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley and Sonc, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/etc.3108","usgsCitation":"Mebane, C.A., 2015, In Response: Biological arguments for selecting effect sizes in ecotoxicological testing—A governmental perspective: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 11, p. 2440-2442, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3108.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2440","endPage":"2442","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066392","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ebd531e4b0f59b85da0672","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70168392,"text":"70168392 - 2015 - Predictions of future ephemeral springtime waterbird stopover habitat availability under global change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-11T09:52:01","indexId":"70168392","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictions of future ephemeral springtime waterbird stopover habitat availability under global change","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the present period of rapid, worldwide change in climate and landuse (i.e., global change), successful biodiversity conservation warrants proactive management responses, especially for long-distance migratory species. However, the development and implementation of management strategies can be impeded by high levels of uncertainty and low levels of control over potentially impactful future events and their effects. Scenario planning and modeling are useful tools for expanding perspectives and informing decisions under these conditions. We coupled scenario planning and statistical modeling to explain and predict playa wetland inundation (i.e., presence/absence of water) and ponded area (i.e., extent of water) in the Rainwater Basin, an anthropogenically altered landscape that provides critical stopover habitat for migratory waterbirds. Inundation and ponded area models for total wetlands, those embedded in rowcrop fields, and those not embedded in rowcrop fields were trained and tested with wetland ponding data from 2004 and 2006&ndash;2009, and then used to make additional predictions under two alternative climate change scenarios for the year 2050, yielding a total of six predictive models and 18 prediction sets. Model performance ranged from moderate to good, with inundation models outperforming ponded area models, and models for non-rowcrop-embedded wetlands outperforming models for total wetlands and rowcrop-embedded wetlands. Model predictions indicate that if the temperature and precipitation changes assumed under our climate change scenarios occur, wetland stopover habitat availability in the Rainwater Basin could decrease in the future. The results of this and similar studies could be aggregated to increase knowledge about the potential spatial and temporal distributions of future stopover habitat along migration corridors, and to develop and prioritize multi-scale management actions aimed at mitigating the detrimental effects of global change on migratory waterbird populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/ES15-00256.1","usgsCitation":"Uden, D.R., Allen, C.R., Bishop, A.A., Grosse, R., Jorgensen, C.F., LaGrange, T.G., Stutheit, R.G., and Vrtiska, M.P., 2015, Predictions of future ephemeral springtime waterbird stopover habitat availability under global change: Ecosphere, v. 6, no. 11, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES15-00256.1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067091","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es15-00256.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317932,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Rainwater Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.77783203125,\n              40.22921818870117\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.77783203125,\n              41.541477666790286\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.591796875,\n              41.541477666790286\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.591796875,\n              40.22921818870117\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.77783203125,\n              40.22921818870117\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bdbec8e4b06458514aeed9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Uden, Daniel R.","contributorId":74258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uden","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, Andrew A.","contributorId":93323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosse, Roger","contributorId":166720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"Roger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jorgensen, Christopher F.","contributorId":87444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LaGrange, Theodore G.","contributorId":166721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaGrange","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stutheit, Randy G.","contributorId":166722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stutheit","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vrtiska, Mark P.","contributorId":54008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrtiska","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70147802,"text":"70147802 - 2015 - Landsat Science Team meeting: Winter 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-21T15:47:52","indexId":"70147802","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3555,"text":"The Earth Observer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat Science Team meeting: Winter 2015","docAbstract":"<p>The summer meeting of the joint U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)–NASA Landsat Science Team (LST) was held at the USGS’s Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center July 7-9, 2015, in Sioux Falls, SD. The LST co-chairs, Tom Loveland [EROS—Senior Scientist] and Jim Irons [NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)—Landsat 8 Project Scientist], opened the three-day meeting on an upbeat note following the recent successful launch of the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-2 mission on June 23, 2015 (see image on page 14), and the news that work on Landsat 9 has begun, with a projected launch date of 2023.</p><p>With over 60 participants in attendance, this was the largest LST meeting ever held. Meeting topics on the first day included Sustainable Land Imaging and Landsat 9 development, Landsat 7 and 8 operations and data archiving, the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) stray-light issue, and the successful Sentinel-2 launch. In addition, on days two and three the LST members presented updates on their Landsat science and applications research. All presentations are available at landsat.usgs.gov/science_LST_Team_ Meetings.php. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, T.A., Loveland, T., Wulder, M.A., and Irons, J.R., 2015, Landsat Science Team meeting: Winter 2015: The Earth Observer, v. 27, no. 6, p. 12-17.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-065489","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://eospso.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/eo_pdfs/Nov%20Dec%202015_508_col.pdf"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fb1a4ee4b0c3010a8087d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Todd A. taschroeder@fs.fed.us","contributorId":190802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Todd","email":"taschroeder@fs.fed.us","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wulder, Michael A.","contributorId":103584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irons, James R.","contributorId":59284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irons","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70164389,"text":"70164389 - 2015 - Dreissenid mussel research priorities workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T12:02:03","indexId":"70164389","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Dreissenid mussel research priorities workshop","docAbstract":"<p>Currently, dreissenid mussels have yet to be detected in the northwestern part of the United States and western Canada. Infestation of one of the jurisdictions within the mussel-free Pacific Northwest would likely have significant economic, soci­etal and environmental implications for the entire region. Understanding the biology and environmental tolerances of dreissenid mussels, and effectiveness of various man­agement strategies, is key to prevention.</p><p>On November 4-5, 2015, the Aquatic Bioinvasion Research and Policy Institute and the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University, the US Geological Survey, and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, convened a Dreissenid Mussel Research Priorities Workshop funded by the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative. The purpose of the workshop was to review dreissenid research priorities in the 2010 Quagga-Zebra Mussel Action Plan for Western U.S. Waters, reassess those priorities, incorporate new information and emerging trends, and develop priorities to strategically focus research efforts on zebra and quagga mussels in the Pacific Northwest and ensure that future research is focused on the highest priorities. It is important to note that there is some repetition among dreissenid research priority categories (e.g., prevention, detection, control, monitoring, and biology).</p><p>Workshop participants with research experience in dreissenid mussel biology and management were identified by a literature review. State and federal agency managers were also invited to the workshop to ensure relevancy and practicality of the work­shop outcomes. A total of 28 experts (see sidebar) in mussel biology, ecology, and management attended the workshop.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations","conferenceTitle":"Dreissenid mussel research priorities workshop","conferenceDate":"November 4-5, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Portland State University","language":"English","publisher":"PDXScholar","usgsCitation":"Sytsma, M., Phillips, S., and Counihan, T.D., 2015, Dreissenid mussel research priorities workshop, <i>in</i> Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations, Portland State University, November 4-5, 2015.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071185","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316463,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57209130e4b071321fe65617","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sytsma, Mark","contributorId":116871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sytsma","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Stephen","contributorId":156280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":20304,"text":"Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Counihan, Timothy D. 0000-0003-4967-6514 tcounihan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-6514","contributorId":4211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"Timothy","email":"tcounihan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70193647,"text":"70193647 - 2015 - North Pacific deglacial hypoxic events linked to abrupt ocean warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T16:54:03","indexId":"70193647","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North Pacific deglacial hypoxic events linked to abrupt ocean warming","docAbstract":"<p><span>Marine sediments from the North Pacific document two episodes of expansion and strengthening of the subsurface oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) accompanied by seafloor hypoxia during the last deglacial transition</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-34\" title=\"Mix, A. C. et al. Rapid climate oscillations in the Northeast Pacific during the last deglaciation reflect Northern and Southern Hemisphere sources, in Mechanisms of global climate change at millennial time scales, American Geophysical Union, edited by P.U. Clark et al., Geophysical Monograph 112, 127–148 (1999)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref1\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref1\">1</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a id=\"ref-link-35\" title=\"Davies, M. H. et al. The deglacial transition on the southeastern Alaska Margin: Meltwater input, sea level rise, marine productivity, and sedimentary anoxia. Paleoceanography 26, PA2223 (2011)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref2\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref2\">2</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a id=\"ref-link-36\" title=\"Behl, R. J. &amp; Kennett, J. P. Brief interstadial events in the Santa Barbara basin, NE Pacific, during the past 60 kyr. Nature 379, 243–246 (1996)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref3\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref3\">3</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a id=\"ref-link-37\" title=\"Jaccard, S. L. &amp; Galbraith, E. D. Large climate-driven changes in oceanic oxygen concentrations during the last deglaciation. Nature Geosci. 5, 151–156 (2012)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref4\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref4\">4</a></sup><span>. The mechanisms driving this hypoxia remain under debate</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-38\" title=\"Mix, A. C. et al. Rapid climate oscillations in the Northeast Pacific during the last deglaciation reflect Northern and Southern Hemisphere sources, in Mechanisms of global climate change at millennial time scales, American Geophysical Union, edited by P.U. Clark et al., Geophysical Monograph 112, 127–148 (1999)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref1\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref1\">1</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a id=\"ref-link-39\" title=\"Davies, M. H. et al. The deglacial transition on the southeastern Alaska Margin: Meltwater input, sea level rise, marine productivity, and sedimentary anoxia. Paleoceanography 26, PA2223 (2011)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref2\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref2\">2</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a id=\"ref-link-40\" title=\"Behl, R. J. &amp; Kennett, J. P. Brief interstadial events in the Santa Barbara basin, NE Pacific, during the past 60 kyr. Nature 379, 243–246 (1996)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref3\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref3\">3</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a id=\"ref-link-41\" title=\"Jaccard, S. L. &amp; Galbraith, E. D. Large climate-driven changes in oceanic oxygen concentrations during the last deglaciation. Nature Geosci. 5, 151–156 (2012)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref4\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref4\">4</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a id=\"ref-link-42\" title=\"Okazaki, Y. et al. Deepwater formation in the North Pacific during the Last Glacial Termination. Science 329, 200–204 (2010)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref5\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref5\">5</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a id=\"ref-link-43\" title=\"Crusius, J., Pedersen, T. F., Kienast, S., Keigwin, L. &amp; Labeyrie, L. Influence of northwest Pacific productivity on North Pacific Intermediate Water oxygen concentrations during the Bølling-Allerød interval (14.7–12.9 ka). Geology 32, 633–636 (2004)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref6\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref6\">6</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a id=\"ref-link-44\" title=\"Hendy, I. L., Pedersen, T. F., Kennett, J. P. &amp; Tada, R. Intermittent existence of a southern Californian upwelling cell during submillennial climate change of the last 60 kyr. Paleoceanography 19, PA3007 (2004)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref7\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref7\">7</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a id=\"ref-link-45\" title=\"Schmittner, A., Galbraith, E. D., Hostetler, S. W., Pedersen, T. F. &amp; Zang, R. Large fluctuations of dissolved oxygen in the Indian and Pacific oceans during Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations caused by variations of North Atlantic Deep Water subduction. Paleoceanography 22, PA3207 (2007)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref8\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref8\">8</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a id=\"ref-link-46\" title=\"Kohfeld, K. E. &amp; Chase, Z. Controls on deglacial changes in biogenic fluxes in the North Pacific ocean. Quat. Sci. Rev. 30, 3350–3363 (2011)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref9\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref9\">9</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a id=\"ref-link-47\" title=\"Lam, P. J. et al. Transient stratification as the cause of the North Pacific productivity spike during deglaciation. Nat. Geosci. 6, 622–626 (2013)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref10\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref10\">10</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a id=\"ref-link-48\" title=\"Kuehn, H. et al. Laminated sediments in the Bering Sea reveal atmospheric teleconnections to Greenland climate on millennial to decadal timescales during the last deglaciation. Clim. Past 10, 2215–2236 (2014)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref11\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref11\">11</a></sup><span>. We present a new high-resolution alkenone palaeotemperature reconstruction from the Gulf of Alaska that reveals two abrupt warming events of 4–5 degrees Celsius at the onset of the Bølling and Holocene intervals that coincide with sudden shifts to hypoxia at intermediate depths. The presence of diatomaceous laminations and hypoxia-tolerant benthic foraminiferal species, peaks in redox-sensitive trace metals</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-49\" title=\"Barron, J. A., Bukry, D., Dean, W. E., Addison, J. A. &amp; Finney, B. Paleoceanography of the Gulf of Alaska during the past 15,000 years: results from diatoms, silicoflagellates, and geochemistry. Mar. Micropaleontol. 72, 176–195 (2009)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref12\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref12\">12</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a id=\"ref-link-50\" title=\"Addison, J. A. et al. Productivity and sedimentary δ15N variability for the last 17,000 years along the northern Gulf of Alaska slope. Paleoceanography 27, PA1206 (2012)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref13\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref13\">13</a></sup><span>, and enhanced&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N/</span><sup>14</sup><span>N ratio of organic matter</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-51\" title=\"Addison, J. A. et al. Productivity and sedimentary δ15N variability for the last 17,000 years along the northern Gulf of Alaska slope. Paleoceanography 27, PA1206 (2012)\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref13\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v527/n7578/full/nature15753.html#ref13\">13</a></sup><span>, collectively suggest association with high export production. A decrease in&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O/</span><sup>16</sup><span>O values of benthic foraminifera accompanying the most severe deoxygenation event indicates subsurface warming of up to about 2 degrees Celsius. We infer that abrupt warming triggered expansion of the North Pacific OMZ through reduced oxygen solubility and increased marine productivity via physiological effects; following initiation of hypoxia, remobilization of iron from hypoxic sediments could have provided a positive feedback on ocean deoxygenation through increased nutrient utilization and carbon export. Such a biogeochemical amplification process implies high sensitivity of OMZ expansion to warming.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature15753","usgsCitation":"Praetorius, S.K., Mix, A.C., Davies, M.H., Wolhowe, M.D., Addison, J.A., and Prahl, F.G., 2015, North Pacific deglacial hypoxic events linked to abrupt ocean warming: Nature, v. 527, no. 7578, p. 362-366, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15753.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"366","ipdsId":"IP-065883","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"527","issue":"7578","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2ea7e4b0531197b27f91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Praetorius, Summer K","contributorId":199679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Praetorius","given":"Summer","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mix, Alan C.","contributorId":199680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mix","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davies, Maureen H.","contributorId":199681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davies","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolhowe, Matthew D","contributorId":199682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolhowe","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Addison, Jason A. 0000-0003-2416-9743 jaddison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-9743","contributorId":4192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Jason","email":"jaddison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prahl, Frederick G","contributorId":199683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prahl","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70179124,"text":"70179124 - 2015 - Geochemistry and origin of metamorphosed mafic rocks from the Lower Paleozoic Moretown and Cram Hill Formations of North-Central Vermont: Delamination magmatism in the western New England appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-13T14:39:51","indexId":"70179124","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and origin of metamorphosed mafic rocks from the Lower Paleozoic Moretown and Cram Hill Formations of North-Central Vermont: Delamination magmatism in the western New England appalachians","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Moretown Formation, exposed as a north-trending unit that extends from northern Vermont to Connecticut, is located along a critical Appalachian litho-tectonic zone between the paleomargin of Laurentia and accreted oceanic terranes. Remnants of magmatic activity, in part preserved as metamorphosed mafic rocks in the Moretown Formation and the overlying Cram Hill Formation, are a key to further understanding the tectonic history of the northern Appalachians. Field relationships suggest that the metamorphosed mafic rocks might have formed during and after Taconian deformation, which occurred at </span><i>ca</i><span>. 470 to 460 Ma. Geochemistry indicates that the sampled metamorphosed mafic rocks were mostly basalts or basaltic andesites. The rocks have moderate TiO</span><sub>2</sub><span> contents (1–2.5 wt %), are slightly enriched in the light-rare earth elements relative to the heavy rare earths, and have negative Nb-Ta anomalies in MORB-normalized extended rare earth element diagrams. Their chemistry is similar to compositions of basalts from western Pacific extensional basins near volcanic arcs. The metamorphosed mafic rocks of this study are similar in chemistry to both the pre-Silurian Mount Norris Intrusive Suite of northern Vermont, and also to some of Late Silurian rocks within the Lake Memphremagog Intrusive Suite, particularly the Comerford Intrusive Complex of Vermont and New Hampshire. Both suites may be represented among the samples of this study. The geochemistry of all samples indicates that parental magmas were generated in supra-subduction extensional environments during lithospheric delamination.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/09.2015.02","usgsCitation":"Coish, R., Kim, J., Twelker, E., Zolkos, S., and Walsh, G.J., 2015, Geochemistry and origin of metamorphosed mafic rocks from the Lower Paleozoic Moretown and Cram Hill Formations of North-Central Vermont: Delamination magmatism in the western New England appalachians: American Journal of Science, v. 315, no. 9, p. 809-845, https://doi.org/10.2475/09.2015.02.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"845","ipdsId":"IP-068938","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"315","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5879f5abe4b0847d353f44c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coish, Raymond","contributorId":177531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coish","given":"Raymond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Jonathan","contributorId":10900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twelker, Evan","contributorId":178306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twelker","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zolkos, Scott P.","contributorId":103946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zolkos","given":"Scott P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70127985,"text":"70127985 - 2015 - Vegetation response to southern California drought during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and early Little Ice Age (AD 800–1600)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T14:48:02","indexId":"70127985","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation response to southern California drought during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and early Little Ice Age (AD 800–1600)","docAbstract":"<p id=\"abspara0010\">High-resolution studies of pollen in laminated sediments deposited in Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) core SPR0901-02KC reflect decadal-scale fluctuations in precipitation spanning the interval from AD 800&ndash;1600. From AD 800&ndash;1090 during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) SBB sediments were dominated by xeric vegetation types (drought-resistant coastal sagebrush and chaparral) implying reduced precipitation in the southern California region. Drought-adapted vegetation abruptly decreased at AD 1090 and was rapidly replaced by mesic oak (<i>Quercus</i>) woodlands associated with an increased pollen flux into the basin. After a mesic interval lasting &sim;100 years, pollen flux and the relative abundance of&nbsp;<i>Quercus</i>&nbsp;pollen dropped abruptly at AD 1200 when the rapid rise of chaparral suggests a significant drought similar to that of the MCA (&sim;AD 800&ndash;1090). This brief resurgence of drought-adapted vegetation between AD 1200&ndash;1270 marked the end of the MCA droughts. A gradual increase in mesic vegetation followed, characterizing cool hydroclimates of the Little Ice Age (LIA) in coastal southern California.</p>\n<p id=\"abspara0015\">The presence of xeric vegetation in SBB coincides with major drought events recorded in tree rings and low lake levels elsewhere in California except for the brief drought between AD 1130&ndash;1160. Correlative diatom and terrigenous sediment input proxy records from SBB are largely supportive of the pollen record predominantly linking the MCA with drought and La Ni&ntilde;a-like conditions and the LIA with wetter (more El Ni&ntilde;o-like) conditions. Differences between paleoclimate proxies (pollen, diatoms, and terrigenous sediment) in SBB exist, however, possibly reflecting the temporal and spatial differences in the generation of each proxy record, as well as their individual sensitivity to climate change.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.032","usgsCitation":"Heusser, L., Hendy, I.L., and Barron, J.A., 2015, Vegetation response to southern California drought during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and early Little Ice Age (AD 800–1600): Quaternary International, v. 387, p. 23-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.032.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054049","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.032","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"387","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cec3e4b0811616822406","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heusser, Linda E.","contributorId":54203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heusser","given":"Linda E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendy, Ingrid L.","contributorId":67416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendy","given":"Ingrid","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160055,"text":"70160055 - 2015 - Fire activity as a function of fire–weather seasonal severity and antecedent climate across spatial scales in southern Europe and Pacific western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-10T09:12:15","indexId":"70160055","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire activity as a function of fire–weather seasonal severity and antecedent climate across spatial scales in southern Europe and Pacific western USA","docAbstract":"<p>Climate has a strong influence on fire activity, varying across time and space. We analyzed the relationships between fire&ndash;weather conditions during the main fire season and antecedent water-balance conditions and fires in two Mediterranean-type regions with contrasted management histories: five southern countries of the European Union (EUMED)(all fires); the Pacific western coast of the USA (California and Oregon, PWUSA)(national forest fires). Total number of fires (&ge;1 ha), number of large fires (&ge;100 ha) and area burned were related to mean seasonal fire weather index (FWI), number of days over the 90th percentile of the FWI, and to the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) from the preceding 3 (spring) or 8 (autumn through spring) months. Calculations were made at three spatial aggregations in each area, and models related first-difference (year-to-year change) of fires and FWI/climate variables to minimize autocorrelation. An increase in mean seasonal FWI resulted in increases in the three fire variables across spatial scales in both regions. SPEI contributed little to explain fires, with few exceptions. Negative water-balance (dry) conditions from autumn through spring (SPEI8) were generally more important than positive conditions (moist) in spring (SPEI3), both of which contributed positively to fires. The R2 of the models generally improved with increasing area of aggregation. For total number of fires and area burned, the R2 of the models tended to decrease with increasing mean seasonal FWI. Thus, fires were more susceptible to change with climate variability in areas with less amenable conditions for fires (lower FWI) than in areas with higher mean FWI values. The relationships were similar in both regions, albeit weaker in PWUSA, probably due to the wider latitudinal gradient covered in PWUSA than in EUMED. The large variance explained by some of the models indicates that large-scale seasonal forecast could help anticipating fire activity in the investigated areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Publishing","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114013","usgsCitation":"Urbieta, I.R., Zavala, G., Bedia, J., Gutierrez, J.M., San Miguel-Ayanz, J., Camia, A., Keeley, J.E., and Moreno, J.M., 2015, Fire activity as a function of fire–weather seasonal severity and antecedent climate across spatial scales in southern Europe and Pacific western USA: Environmental Research Letters, v. 10, no. 11, art11431: 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114013.","productDescription":"art11431: 11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059299","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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,{"id":70159661,"text":"70159661 - 2015 - Global climate simulations at 3000-year intervals for the last 21 000 years with the GENMOM coupled atmosphere–ocean model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-17T14:03:23","indexId":"70159661","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1250,"text":"Climate of the Past","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global climate simulations at 3000-year intervals for the last 21 000 years with the GENMOM coupled atmosphere–ocean model","docAbstract":"<p>We apply GENMOM, a coupled atmosphere&ndash;ocean climate model, to simulate eight equilibrium time slices at 3000-year intervals for the past 21 000 years forced by changes in Earth&ndash;Sun geometry, atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), continental ice sheets, and sea level. Simulated global cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is 3.8 ◦C and the rate of post-glacial warming is in overall agreement with recently published temperature reconstructions. The greatest rate of warming occurs between 15 and 12 ka (2.4 ◦C over land, 0.7 ◦C over oceans, and 1.4 ◦C globally) in response to changes in radiative forcing from the diminished extent of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice sheets and increases in GHGs and NH summer insolation. The modeled LGM and 6 ka temperature and precipitation climatologies are generally consistent with proxy reconstructions, the PMIP2 and PMIP3 simulations, and other paleoclimate data&ndash;model analyses. The model does not capture the mid-Holocene &ldquo;thermal maximum&rdquo; and gradual cooling to preindustrial (PI) global temperature found in the data. Simulated monsoonal precipitation in North Africa peaks between 12 and 9 ka at values &sim; 50 % greater than those of the PI, and Indian monsoonal precipitation peaks at 12 and 9 ka at values &sim; 45 % greater than the PI. GENMOM captures the reconstructed LGM extent of NH and Southern Hemisphere (SH) sea ice. The simulated present-day Antarctica Circumpolar Current (ACC) is &sim; 48 % weaker than the observed (62 versus 119 Sv). The simulated present-day Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) of 19.3 &plusmn; 1.4 Sv on the Bermuda Rise (33◦ N) is comparable with observed value of 18.7 &plusmn; 4.8 Sv. AMOC at 33◦ N is reduced by &sim; 15 % during the LGM, and the largest post-glacial increase (&sim; 11 %) occurs during the 15 ka time slice.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/cp-11-449-2015","usgsCitation":"Alder, J.R., and Hostetler, S.W., 2015, Global climate simulations at 3000-year intervals for the last 21 000 years with the GENMOM coupled atmosphere–ocean model: Climate of the Past, v. 11, p. 449-471, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-449-2015.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"471","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049480","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-449-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311436,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564c5dd0e4b0ebfbef0d347b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alder, Jay R. 0000-0003-2378-2853 jalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-2853","contributorId":5118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alder","given":"Jay","email":"jalder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189370,"text":"70189370 - 2015 - Effects and quantification of acid runoff from sulfide-bearing rock deposited during construction of Highway E18, Norway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:30:16","indexId":"70189370","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects and quantification of acid runoff from sulfide-bearing rock deposited during construction of Highway E18, Norway","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Highway E18 between the cities of Grimstad and Kristiansand, southern Norway, constructed in the period 2006–2009, cuts through sulfide-bearing rock. The geology of this area is dominated by slowly-weathering gneiss and granites, and oxidation of fresh rock surfaces can result in acidification of surface water. Sulfide-containing rock waste from excavations during construction work was therefore deposited in three waste rock deposits off-site. The deposits consist of 630,000–2,360,000</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>metric tons of waste rock material. Shell sand and limestone gravel were added in layers in adequate amounts to mitigate initial acid runoff in one of the deposits. The shell sand addition was not adequate in the two others. The pH in the effluents from these two was reduced from 4.9–6.5 to 4.0–4.6, and Al concentrations increased from below 0.4</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mg/L to 10–20</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mg/L. Stream concentrations of trace metals increased by a factor of 25–400, highest for Ni, and then in decreasing order for Co, Mn, Cd, Zn and Cu. Concentrations of As, Cr and Fe remained unchanged. Ratios of Co/Ni and Cd/Zn indicate that the metal sources for these pair of metals are sphalerite and pyrite, respectively. Based on surveys and established critical limits for Al, surface waters downstream became toxic to fish and invertebrates. The sulfur release rates were remarkably stable in the monitoring period at all three sites. Annual sulfur release was 0.1–0.4% of the total amount of sulfur in the deposit, indicating release periods of 250–800</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>years. Precipitates of Al-hydroxysulfates, well-known from mining sites, were found at the base of the deposits, in streams and also along the ocean shore-line. The effects of added neutralization agents in the deposits and in treatment areas downstream gradually decreased, as indicated by reduced stream pH over time. Active measures are needed to avoid harmful ecological effects in the future.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.016","usgsCitation":"Hindar, A., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2015, Effects and quantification of acid runoff from sulfide-bearing rock deposited during construction of Highway E18, Norway: Applied Geochemistry, v. 62, p. 150-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.016.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-057362","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2564292","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Norway","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59673543e4b0d1f9f05dd7df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hindar, Atle","contributorId":194512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hindar","given":"Atle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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