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,{"id":4680,"text":"twri03C2 - 1999 - Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":4684,"text":"twri03C2_1970 - 1970 - Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment","indexId":"twri03C2_1970","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4680,"text":"twri03C2 - 1999 - Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment","indexId":"twri03C2","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":11965,"text":"ofr86351 - 1986 - A borehole geophone leveling device","indexId":"ofr86351","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"A borehole geophone leveling device"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4680,"text":"twri03C2 - 1999 - Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment","indexId":"twri03C2","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":18800,"text":"ofr86531 - 1988 - Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment","indexId":"ofr86531","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4680,"text":"twri03C2 - 1999 - Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment","indexId":"twri03C2","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":38352,"text":"twri03C2_1998 - 1998 - Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment","indexId":"twri03C2_1998","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4680,"text":"twri03C2 - 1999 - Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment","indexId":"twri03C2","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment"},"id":4}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri03C2","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-C2","title":"Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment","docAbstract":"This chapter describes equipment and procedures for collection and measurement of fluvial sediment. The complexity of the hydrologic and physical environments and man's ever-increasing data needs make it essential for those responsible for the collection of sediment data to be aware of basic concepts involved in processes of erosion, transport, deposition of sediment, and equipment and procedures necessary to representatively collect sediment data.\r\nIn addition to an introduction, the chapter has two major sections. The 'Sediment-Sampling Equipment' section encompasses discussions of characteristics and limitations of various models of depth- and point-integrating samplers, single-stage samplers, bed-material samplers, bedload samplers, automatic pumping samplers, and support equipment. The 'Sediment-Sampling Techniques'` section includes discussions of representative sampling criteria, characteristics of sampling sites, equipment selection relative to the sampling conditions and needs, depth and point-integration techniques, surface and dip sampling, determination of transit rates, sampling programs and related data, cold-weather sampling, bed-material and bedload sampling, measuring total sediment discharge, and measuring reservoir sedimentation rates.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/twri03C2","issn":"0565-596X","isbn":"0607897384","usgsCitation":"Edwards, T.K., and Glysson, G.D., 1999, Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment (Revision - 1999): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-C2, viii, 89 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03C2.","productDescription":"viii, 89 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":241,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-c2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Revision - 1999","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f55f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Thomas K. 0000-0002-0773-0909 tce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":104477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thomas","email":"tce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glysson, G. Douglas","contributorId":13607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198487,"text":"70198487 - 1999 - Oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate as a tool to distinguish natural and mining-related dissolved constituents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-12T13:26:24.883674","indexId":"70198487","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T07:31:04","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5273,"text":"Open File Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate as a tool to distinguish natural and mining-related dissolved constituents","docAbstract":"<p>Natural and mining-related dissolved-constituent concentrations need to be distinguished in a watershed affected by abandoned mines to prioritize subbasins for remediation and to assist with the establishment of water-quality standards. The oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate can be used to distinguish between natural and mining-related sources of dissolved constituents. Several methods employing the oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate can be used to determine the relative amounts of natural and mining related dissolved constituents in water: (1) the isotope-dilution equation for simple mixing zones (two sources and one receiving stream); (2) the isotope mass-balance equation for streams receiving dissolved sulfate from multiple geologic sources; and (3) graphical relations and the mathematical solution of simultaneous equations in a watershed approach. Using the different methods for data collected during low flow, about 71 to 75 percent of the dissolved-constituent concentrations are from natural sources in selected subbasins of the upper Animas watershed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"United States Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Wright, W.G., and Nordstrom, D.K., 1999, Oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate as a tool to distinguish natural and mining-related dissolved constituents: Open File Report, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"671","endPage":"678","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356243,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98dce8e4b0702d0e84824d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Winfield G.","contributorId":27044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Winfield","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70224914,"text":"70224914 - 1999 - Nesting populations of double-crested cormorants in the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-04T13:10:10.194029","indexId":"70224914","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-09T07:35:01","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nesting populations of double-crested cormorants in the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"<p>Double-crested cormorants (<i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i>) are receiving increasing attention in North America because of depredations at aquaculture facilities and alleged impacts on sport and commercial fisheries. We obtained recent (most since 1994) estimates for the number of nesting double-crested cormorants in the United States and Canada from published references and by conducting telephone interviews with State and Provincial biologists. Using published data, we also determined annual rates of change in the number of cormorants since about 1990. The estimated minimum number of nesting pairs (colonies) of double-crested cormorants was 372,000 (852). Most cormorants nested in the Interior region (68 percent). Overall, double-crested cormorants increased about 2.6 percent annually during the early 1990’s. The greatest decline (−7.9-percent annual change) was in the West Coast–Alaska region. The greatest increase (6.0-percent annual change) was for the Interior region. The increase there was primarily a consequence of a 22-percent annual increase in Ontario and U.S. States bordering the Great Lakes. These baseline population data are essential for monitoring trends in nesting populations and for developing informed management decisions. However, the completeness, quality, and timing of surveys varied substantially among jurisdictions. Population estimates and rates of change should, therefore, be used with caution. Methods and timing of future surveys should be coordinated among political jurisdictions (at least within regions) to improve accuracy of estimates and allow more meaningful comparisons of population status.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on double-crested cormorants: Population status and management issues in the Midwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on double-crested cormorants: Population status and management issues in the Midwest","conferenceDate":"December 9, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Milwaukee, WI","language":"English","publisher":"United States Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Tyson, L.A., Belant, J.L., Cuthbert, F.J., and Weseloh, D.C., 1999, Nesting populations of double-crested cormorants in the United States and Canada, <i>in</i> Symposium on double-crested cormorants: Population status and management issues in the Midwest, Milwaukee, WI, December 9, 1997, p. 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,{"id":4878,"text":"ds31 - 1999 - Profiles of gamma-ray and magnetic data from aerial surveys over the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-14T22:14:58.153343","indexId":"ds31","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"31","title":"Profiles of gamma-ray and magnetic data from aerial surveys over the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"This publication contains images for the conterminous U.S. generated from geophysical data, software for displaying and analyzing the images, and software for displaying and examining the profile data from the aerial surveys flown as part of the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy. The images included are of gamma-ray data (uranium, thorium, and potassium channels), Bouguer gravity data, isostatic residual gravity data, aeromagnetic anomalies, topography, and topography with bathymetry.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds31","issn":"1088-1018","isbn":"0607624418","usgsCitation":"Duval, J.S., and Riggle, F.E., 1999, Profiles of gamma-ray and magnetic data from aerial surveys over the conterminous United States (Release 2): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 31, Supercedes DDS-31 [Release 1], https://doi.org/10.3133/ds31.","productDescription":"Supercedes DDS-31 [Release 1]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":464076,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10543.htm","text":"western United States (Release 1, 1995)","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464077,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18905.htm","text":"Release 2, 1999","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.55138888888888,24.533611111111114 ], [ -124.55138888888888,49.36805555555556 ], [ -66.93333333333334,49.36805555555556 ], [ -66.93333333333334,24.533611111111114 ], [ -124.55138888888888,24.533611111111114 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Release 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e18d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duval, Joseph S.","contributorId":22314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riggle, Frederic E.","contributorId":50877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggle","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5132,"text":"fs12299 - 1999 - Estimation of minimum 7-day, 2-year discharge for selected stream sites, and associated low-flow water-quality data, southeast Texas, 1997-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T14:11:27","indexId":"fs12299","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"122-99","title":"Estimation of minimum 7-day, 2-year discharge for selected stream sites, and associated low-flow water-quality data, southeast Texas, 1997-98","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operates a network of streamflow-gaging stations in Texas that provides discharge data used for water-management decisions and various other purposes. Operating stations at all locations where discharge data are needed is not feasible, but the statistical characteristics of the network station data can be used to estimate discharge characteristics at ungaged sites. Regionalization techniques such as regression analyses relate discharge-frequency characteristics to selected physical and climatic characteristics of drainage basins. A particular discharge-frequency characteristic that can be regionalized is the minimum 7-day, 2-year discharge1 (7Q2). In Texas, the 7Q2 is used at stream sites to analyze permit applications for water allocation, water-supply planning, aquatic maintenance (instream flow) requirements, and waste-load allocation for point and nonpoint source discharges.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs12299","usgsCitation":"East, J., 1999, Estimation of minimum 7-day, 2-year discharge for selected stream sites, and associated low-flow water-quality data, southeast Texas, 1997-98: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 122-99, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs12299.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_122_99.bmp"},{"id":543,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-122-99/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327089,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-122-99/pdf/fs-122-99.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"East, Jeffery W. jweast@usgs.gov","contributorId":1683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Jeffery W.","email":"jweast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5454,"text":"fs07699 - 1999 - Revision and Product Generation Software","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5453,"text":"fs04597 - 1997 - Revision and product generation software","indexId":"fs04597","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Revision and product generation software"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5454,"text":"fs07699 - 1999 - Revision and Product Generation Software","indexId":"fs07699","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Revision and Product Generation Software"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-16T17:16:06","indexId":"fs07699","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"076-99","title":"Revision and Product Generation Software","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed revision and product generation (RevPG) software for updating digital line graph (DLG) data and producing maps from such data. This software is based on ARC/INFO, a geographic information system from Environmental Systems Resource Institute (ESRI). RevPG consists of ARC/INFO Arc Macro Language (AML) programs, C routines, and interface menus that permit operators to collect vector data using aerial images, to symbolize the data onscreen, and to produce plots and color-separated files for use in printing maps.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs07699","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Revision and Product Generation Software: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 076-99, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07699.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0076/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32065,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602bc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5460,"text":"fs10399 - 1999 - The Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5071,"text":"fs12395 - 1996 - The scientific assessment and strategy team","indexId":"fs12395","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"The scientific assessment and strategy team"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5460,"text":"fs10399 - 1999 - The Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team","indexId":"fs10399","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"The Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"fs10399","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"103-99","title":"The Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team","docAbstract":"The flood of 1993 in the Upper Mississippi River Basin caused widespread devastation. The human and economic costs were high. The total flood and other related damage estimates were in the $10 billion to $16 billion range, with total Federal expenditures in excess of $5.4 billion. In response to the effects of the flood of 1993, the White House established the Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team (SAST) on November 24, 1993. The SAST?s goals are to provide scientific advice and assistance to policymakers and officials responsible for flood recovery and river basin management in the Upper Mississippi River Basin and to prepare a data base to support those goals.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs10399","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, The Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 103-99, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10399.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0103/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32066,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0103/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67abc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5147,"text":"fs05599 - 1999 - Monitoring the Water Quality of the Nation's Large Rivers: Mississippi River Basin NASQAN Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:49","indexId":"fs05599","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"055-99","title":"Monitoring the Water Quality of the Nation's Large Rivers: Mississippi River Basin NASQAN Program","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has monitored water quality in the Mississippi River Basin as part of the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) since 1995, applying a basinwide perspective to understanding water quality on a regional scale (Hooper and others, 1997). The objectives of the Mississippi River Basin NASQAN Program are to provide an ongoing characterization of the concentrations and mass fluxes of sediment and chemicals at key locations in the basin, to determine regional source areas for these materials, and to assess the effect of human influences on observed concentrations and fluxes. NASQAN complements the ongoing USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, which is performing a detailed assessment in 23 subbasins within the Mississippi River Basin (Hirsch and others, 1988). NASQAN monitors the large rivers in the Mississippi River Basin, downstream of NAWQA study units. NASQAN, in conjunction with NAWQA, can provide the data and information needed by other USGS programs, Federal and State agencies, other segments of the scientific community, and by the public to address the present and future status of water quality in the Mississippi River Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs05599","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R.H., and Goolsby, D.A., 1999, Monitoring the Water Quality of the Nation's Large Rivers: Mississippi River Basin NASQAN Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 055-99, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05599.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0055/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":13266,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nasqan/docs/missfact/missfactsheet.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":31910,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0055/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5508,"text":"fs10699 - 1999 - The National Hydrography Dataset","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"fs10699","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"106-99","title":"The National Hydrography Dataset","docAbstract":"The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) is a newly combined dataset that provides hydrographic data for the United States. The NHD is the culmination of recent cooperative efforts of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). It combines elements of USGS digital line graph (DLG) hydrography files and the USEPA Reach File (RF3). The NHD supersedes RF3 and DLG files by incorporating them, not by replacing them. Users of RF3 or DLG files will find the same data in a new, more flexible format. They will find that the NHD is familiar but greatly expanded and refined.\r\n\r\nThe DLG files contribute a national coverage of millions of features, including water bodies such as lakes and ponds, linear water features such as streams and rivers, and also point features such as springs and wells. These files provide standardized feature types, delineation, and spatial accuracy. From RF3, the NHD acquires hydrographic sequencing, upstream and downstream navigation for modeling applications, and reach codes. The reach codes provide a way to integrate data from organizations at all levels by linking the data to this nationally consistent hydrographic network. The feature names are from the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS).\r\n\r\nThe NHD provides comprehensive coverage of hydrographic data for the United States. Some of the anticipated end-user applications of the NHD are multiuse hydrographic modeling and water-quality studies of fish habitats. Although based on 1:100,000-scale data, the NHD is planned so that it can incorporate and encourage the development of the higher resolution data that many users require. The NHD can be used to promote the exchange of data between users at the national, State, and local levels. Many users will benefit from the NHD and will want to contribute to the dataset as well.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs10699","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, The National Hydrography Dataset: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 106-99, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10699.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32080,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b0ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5509,"text":"fs13699 - 1999 - National land cover dataset","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5509,"text":"fs13699 - 1999 - National land cover dataset","indexId":"fs13699","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"National land cover dataset"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5510,"text":"fs10800 - 2000 - National land cover dataset","indexId":"fs10800","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"National land cover dataset"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":6917,"text":"fs04897 - 1997 - Land Cover Characterization Program","indexId":"fs04897","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Land Cover Characterization Program"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5509,"text":"fs13699 - 1999 - National land cover dataset","indexId":"fs13699","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"National land cover dataset"},"id":2}],"supersededBy":{"id":5510,"text":"fs10800 - 2000 - National land cover dataset","indexId":"fs10800","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"National land cover dataset"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"fs13699","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"136-99","title":"National land cover dataset","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs13699","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, National land cover dataset (Supersedes FS-048-97; Superseded by FS-108-00): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 136-99, 1 p.; Supersedes FS-048-97 and is Superseded by FS-108-00, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13699.","productDescription":"1 p.; Supersedes FS-048-97 and is Superseded by FS-108-00","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Supersedes FS-048-97; Superseded by FS-108-00","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6983bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5156,"text":"fs10199 - 1999 - Quality of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) data for ground-water samples collected during 1993-95 as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:46","indexId":"fs10199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"101-99","title":"Quality of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) data for ground-water samples collected during 1993-95 as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs10199","usgsCitation":"Delzer, G.C., and Setmire, J.G., 1999, Quality of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) data for ground-water samples collected during 1993-95 as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 101-99, 1 sheet [4] P. : ill., map ; 28 x 43 cm. ill., map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10199.","productDescription":"1 sheet [4] P. : ill., map ; 28 x 43 cm. ill., map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0101/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31916,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655172","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delzer, Gregory C. 0000-0002-7077-4963 gcdelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-4963","contributorId":986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delzer","given":"Gregory","email":"gcdelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Setmire, J. G.","contributorId":16818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Setmire","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5567,"text":"fs08199 - 1999 - How To Obtain Aerial Photographs","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5566,"text":"fs14097 - 1997 - How to obtain aerial photographs","indexId":"fs14097","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"How to obtain aerial photographs"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5567,"text":"fs08199 - 1999 - How To Obtain Aerial Photographs","indexId":"fs08199","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"How To Obtain Aerial Photographs"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-29T17:02:31","indexId":"fs08199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"081-99","title":"How To Obtain Aerial Photographs","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) maintains an informational data base of aerial photographic coverage of the United States and its territories that dates back to the 1940?s.\n\nThis information describes photographic projects from the USGS, other Federal, State, and local government agencies, and commercial firms.\n\nThe pictures on this page show a part of a standard 9- by 9-inch photograph and the results obtained by enlarging the original photograph two and four times. Compare the size of the Qualcomm Stadium, Jack Murphy Field, in San Diego, Calif, and the adjacent parking lot and freeways shown at the different scales.\n\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center (ESIC) representatives will assist you in locating and ordering photographs. Please submit the completed checklist and a marked map showing your area of interest to any ESIC.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs08199","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, How To Obtain Aerial Photographs: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 081-99, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs08199.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0081/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32100,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688053","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5625,"text":"fs07799 - 1999 - Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5624,"text":"fs20595 - 1995 - Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)","indexId":"fs20595","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5625,"text":"fs07799 - 1999 - Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)","indexId":"fs07799","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":25102,"text":"fs04394 - 1994 - Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)","indexId":"fs04394","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5625,"text":"fs07799 - 1999 - Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)","indexId":"fs07799","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-16T17:16:05","indexId":"fs07799","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"077-99","title":"Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)","docAbstract":"The American National Standards Institute?s (ANSI) Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) is a mechanism for archiving and transferring of spatial data (including metadata) between dissimilar computer systems. The SDTS specifies exchange constructs, such as format, structure, and content, for spatially referenced vector and raster (including gridded) data.\r\n\r\nThe SDTS includes a flexible conceptual model, specifications for a quality report, transfer module specifications, data dictionary specifications, and definitions of spatial features and attributes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs07799","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 077-99, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07799.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0077/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32124,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e7082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6901,"text":"fs10600 - 1999 - Quality of shallow ground water in areas of recent residential and commercial development in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T09:51:07","indexId":"fs10600","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"106-00","title":"Quality of shallow ground water in areas of recent residential and commercial development in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1999","docAbstract":"<p>R<span>esidential and commercial development of about 80 square miles that primarily replaced undeveloped and agricultural areas occurred in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, from 1963 to 1994. The effects of human activities on the quality of shallow ground water in the recently developed areas were studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The land-use study consisted of 30 monitoring wells installed and sampled in 1999 in residential/commercial areas where shallow ground water has the potential to move to a deeper public- supply aquifer. The water samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), trace elements, and radon. The occurrence of nitrate, pesticides, and VOCs in water sampled from these wells can serve as an indicator of water affected by human activities at land surface. This report describes the nitrate, pesticide, and VOC data collected during the study.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/fs10600","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., 1999, Quality of shallow ground water in areas of recent residential and commercial development in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 106-00, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10600.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":140110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34202,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Salt Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.98089599609375,\n              40.516409213865586\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.98089599609375,\n              40.68063802521456\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.77078247070312,\n              40.68063802521456\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.77078247070312,\n              40.516409213865586\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.98089599609375,\n              40.516409213865586\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8ee4b07f02db654a00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6578,"text":"fs13299 - 1999 - National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Great Salt Lake basins study unit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T18:36:10","indexId":"fs13299","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"132-99","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Great Salt Lake basins study unit","docAbstract":"The Great Salt Lake Basins NAWQA study will increase the scientific understanding\r\nof the factors that influence surface- and ground-water quality. This information\r\nwill benefit water-resources managers that need, but often lack, the data required to implement effective water-quality management actions and evaluate long-term changes in water quality.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs13299","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K.M., 1999, National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Great Salt Lake basins study unit (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 132-99, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13299.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_132_99.bmp"},{"id":8344,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/fs132-99/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334644,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/fs132-99/PDF/FS99-132.pdf","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.236328125,\n              39.86758762451019\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.87377929687499,\n              39.64799732373418\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.324462890625,\n              40.019201307686785\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.302490234375,\n              40.3130432088809\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.753173828125,\n              40.98819156349393\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.50048828124999,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.55541992187499,\n              42.601619944327965\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.77490234375,\n              42.771211138625894\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.412109375,\n              42.431565872579185\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.510986328125,\n              41.566141964768384\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.43408203124999,\n              41.15384235711447\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              40.763901280945866\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.236328125,\n              39.86758762451019\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa750","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, Kidd M.","contributorId":20720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"Kidd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5329,"text":"fs07199 - 1999 - U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5329,"text":"fs07199 - 1999 - U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information","indexId":"fs07199","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":53167,"text":"fs05503 - 2003 - U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information","indexId":"fs05503","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":53167,"text":"fs05503 - 2003 - U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information","indexId":"fs05503","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information"},"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T09:06:22","indexId":"fs07199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"071-99","title":"U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) invites you to explore an earth science virtual library of digital information, publications, and data. The USGS Internet World Wide Web sites offer an array of information that reflects scientific research and monitoring programs conducted in the areas of natural hazards, environmental resources, and cartography. This list provides gateways to access a cross section of the digital information on the USGS World Wide Web sites.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S.Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs07199","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 071-99, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07199.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0071/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32025,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd79efe4b0b2908510d2b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27371,"text":"wri994072 - 1999 - External quality-assurance results for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network, 1995-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri994072","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4072","title":"External quality-assurance results for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network, 1995-96","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey operated four external quality-assurance programs for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) in 1995 and 1996: the intersite-comparison program, the blind-audit program, the interlaboratory- comparison program, and the collocated-sampler program. The intersite-comparison program assessed the precision and bias of pH and specific-conductance determinations made by NADP/NTN site operators. The analytical bias introduced during routine handling, processing, and shipping of wet-deposition samples and precision of analyte values was estimated using a blind-audit program. An interlaboratory-comparison program was used to evaluate differences between analytical results and to estimate the analytical precision of five North American laboratories that routinely analyzed wet deposition. A collocated-sampler program estimated the precision of the overall precipitation collection and analysis system from initial sample collection through final storage of the data.              Results of two intersite-comparison studies completed in 1995 indicated 94.6 and 94.4 percent of the onsite pH determinations met the NADP/NTN accuracy goals, whereas 97.2 and 98.3 percent of the specific-conductance determinations were within the established limits. The percentages of onsite determinations that met the accuracy goals in 1996 were slightly less for both pH and specific-conductance than in 1995. In 1996, 93.2 and 87.5 percent of onsite pH determinations met the accuracy goals, whereas the percentage of onsite specific-conductance measurements that met the goals was 93.9 and 94.9 percent.The blind audit program utilizes a paired sample design to evaluate the effects of routine sample handling, processing and shipping on the chemistry of weekly precipitation samples. The portion of the blind audit sample subject to all of the normal onsite handling and processing steps of a regular weekly precipitation sample is referred to as the bucket portion, whereas the portion receiving only minimal handling is referred to as the bottle portion. Throughout the report, the term positive bias in regard to blind-audit results indicates that the bucket portion had a higher concentration than the bottle portion. The paired t-test of 1995 blind-audit data indicated that routine sample handling, processing, and shipping introduced a very small positive bias (a=0.05) for hydrogen ion and specific conductance and a slight negative bias (a =0.05) for ammonium and sodium. In 1995, the median paired differences between the bucket and bottle portions ranged from -0.02 milligram per liter for both ammonium and nitrate to +0.002 milligram per liter for calcium. Although the paired t-test indicated a very small positive bias for hydrogen ion, the median paired difference between the bucket and bottle portions was 0.00 microequivalents per liter, whereas for specific conductance, the median paired difference between the bucket and bottle portions was 0.200 microsiemens per centimeter in 1995. The paired t-test of blind-audit results in 1996 indicated statistically significant bias for 6 of the 10 analytes. Only chloride, nitrate, hydrogen ion, and specific conductance were not biased in 1996. However, the magnitude of the bias in 1996 was very small and only of limited importance from the viewpoint of an analytical chemist or data user. The median paired differences between the bucket and bottle portions ranged from -0.02 milligram per liter for both ammonium and chloride to +0.006 milligram per liter for calcium. For hydrogen ion, the median paired difference between the bucket and bottle portions was -0.357 microequivalent per liter; for specific conductance, the median paired difference between the bucket and bottle portions was 0.00 microsiemens per centimeter in 1996.              Surface-chemistry effects due to different amounts of precipitation contacting the sample collection and shipping container surfac","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994072","usgsCitation":"Gordon, J.D., 1999, External quality-assurance results for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network, 1995-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4072, vi, 69 p. :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994072.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p. :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2207,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994072","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0c9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, John D. 0000-0001-8396-8524 jgordon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-8524","contributorId":347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"John","email":"jgordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28396,"text":"wri994112 - 1999 - Health of native riparian vegetation and its relation to hydrologic conditions along the Mojave River, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T21:08:48.568744","indexId":"wri994112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4112","title":"Health of native riparian vegetation and its relation to hydrologic conditions along the Mojave River, southern California","docAbstract":"<p>The health of native riparian vegetation and its relation to hydrologic conditions were studied along the Mojave River mainly during the growing seasons of 1997 and 1998. The study concentrated on cottonwood-willow woodlands (predominantly <i>Populus fremontii</i> and <i>Salix gooddingii</i>) and mesquite bosques (predominantly <i>Prosopis glandulosa</i>). Tree-growth characteristics were measured at 16 cottonwood-willow woodland sites and at 3 mesquite bosque sites. Density of live and dead trees, tree diameter and height, canopy density, live-crown volume, leaf-water potential, leaf-area index, mortality, and reproduction were measured or noted at each site. The sites included healthy and reproducing woodlands and bosques, stressed woodlands and bosques with no reproduction, and woodlands and bosques with high mortality. </p><p>Tree roots were studied at seven sites to determine the vertical distribution of the root system and their relation to the water table at healthy, stressed, and high-mortality cottonwood-willow woodlands. In the six trenches that were dug for this study in May 1997, no cottonwood roots were observed that reached the water table. The root systems of healthy trees typically ended 1 to 2 feet above the water table. At sites with high mortality, the main root mass was commonly 7 to 8 feet above the water table. </p><p>Water-table depth was monitored at each of the study sites. In addition, volumetric soil moisture and soil-water potential were monitored at varying depths at three cottonwood-willow woodland study sites and at two mesquite bosque sites. Ground, soil, river, lake, and plant (xylem sap) water were analyzed for concentrations of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes to determine the source of water used by the trees. </p><p>On the basis of the root-distribution, soil- and leaf-water potential, and isotope data, it was concluded that cottonwood, willow, and mesquite trees mainly rely on ground water for their perennial sustained supply of water. The trees mainly utilize ground water that has moved upward from the water table into the capillary fringe and into unsaturated soil nearer to land surface. Most precipitation (average is 4 to 6 inches per year) is lost by evaporation and by transpiration of shallow-rooted xeric plants, and very little reaches the root zone of trees along the Mojave River. </p><p>Water-table depth had no strong correlation to many individual tree-growth characteristics, such as density, diameter, height, and live-crown volume. However, leaf-area index (corrected for stem area) of both healthy and stressed cottonwood-willow woodlands had a highly significant statistical relation to water-table depth, and a curvilinear regression model was defined. As in cottonwood-willow woodlands, leaf-area index of mesquite bosques also decreased with increased water-table depth. However, because of the small number of sites, no significant statistical relation could be defined for mesquite bosques. Because it can be accurately measured repeatedly at the same locations, leaf-area index (corrected for stem area) is recommended as the primary growth characteristic that should be monitored. Future vegetation changes along the Mojave River can be quantified using the sites established for this study. </p><p>Mortality was as high as 39 percent in healthy cottonwood-willow woodlands, but mortality of 50 to 100 percent was common where water-table depth was greater than about 7 feet or in areas where permanent water-table declines greater than about 5 feet had occurred. At a healthy mesquite bosque where the water-table depth ranged from about 8 to 11 feet, mortality was about 20 percent. Where the water table had been lowered an additional 10 to 25 feet by pumping, mortality of the mesquite was extremely high (80 to 99 percent). </p><p>On the basis of observations of plant reproduction, it was concluded that established cottonwood-willow woodlands probably will reproduce, mainly by root sprouting of mature trees, if the water-table depth during spring and early summer is less than about 5 feet and if there is sufficient sunlight. Likewise, reproduction in established mesquite bosques will probably occur by root sprouting if the water-table depth during spring and early summer is less than about 8 feet. Germination of cottonwood and willow seeds is common during spring in dry channels following winter stormflows in the Mojave River. However, most of the seedlings die before their roots reach a perennial water supply near the water table, and established stands of trees resulting from seed germination are rare.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994112","usgsCitation":"Lines, G.C., 1999, Health of native riparian vegetation and its relation to hydrologic conditions along the Mojave River, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4112, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994112.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411743,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22565.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4112/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95711,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4112/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.441,\n              35.062\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.441,\n              34.321\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.312,\n              34.321\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.312,\n              35.062\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.441,\n              35.062\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63c880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lines, Gregory C.","contributorId":50502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lines","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29692,"text":"wri994146 - 1999 - Background hydrogeologic data, water quality, and aquifer characteristics, western Allen County, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri994146","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4146","title":"Background hydrogeologic data, water quality, and aquifer characteristics, western Allen County, Ohio","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994146","usgsCitation":"Sheets, R., 1999, Background hydrogeologic data, water quality, and aquifer characteristics, western Allen County, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4146, v, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994146.","productDescription":"v, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4146/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58515,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4146/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64adc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheets, Rodney A. rasheets@usgs.gov","contributorId":1848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheets","given":"Rodney A.","email":"rasheets@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27253,"text":"wri994039 - 1999 - Hydrodynamic measurements in Suisun Bay, California, 1992-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:39:37","indexId":"wri994039","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4039","title":"Hydrodynamic measurements in Suisun Bay, California, 1992-93","docAbstract":"<p>Sea level, velocity, temperature, and salinity (conductivity and temperature) data collected in Suisun Bay, California, from December 11, 1992, through May 31, 1993, by the U.S. Geological Survey are documented in this report. Sea-level data were collected at four locations and temperature and salinity data were collected at seven locations. Velocity data were collected at three locations using acoustic Doppler current profilers and at four other locations using point velocity meters. Sea-level and velocity data are presented in three forms (1) harmonic analysis results, (2) time-series plots (sea level, current speed, and current direction versus time), and (3) time-series plots of the low-pass filtered data. Temperature and salinity data are presented as plots of raw and low-pass filtered time series. The velocity and salinity data collected during this study document a period when the residual current patterns and salt field were significantly altered by large Delta outflow (three peaks in excess of 2,000 cubic meters per second). Residual current profiles were consistently seaward with magnitudes that fluctuated primarily in concert with Delta outflow and secondarily with the spring-neap tide cycle. The freshwater inputs advected salinity seaward of Suisun Bay for most of this study. Except for a 10-day period at the beginning of the study, dynamically significant salinities (&gt;2) were seaward of Suisun Bay, which resulted in little or no gravitational circulation transport.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994039","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.W., and Burau, J.R., 1999, Hydrodynamic measurements in Suisun Bay, California, 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4039, x, 109 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994039.","productDescription":"x, 109 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56119,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47dae4b07f02db4b62cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gartner, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":77524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27296,"text":"wri994132 - 1999 - Selected aquatic biological investigations in the Great Salt Lake basins, 1875-1998, National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-28T21:41:45.39363","indexId":"wri994132","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4132","title":"Selected aquatic biological investigations in the Great Salt Lake basins, 1875-1998, National Water-Quality Assessment Program","docAbstract":"<p>This report summarizes previous investigations of aquatic biological communities, habitat, and contaminants in streams and selected large lakes within the Great Salt Lake Basins study unit as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA). The Great Salt Lake Basins study unit is one of 59 such units designed to characterize water quality through the examination of chemical, physical, and biological factors in surface and ground waters across the country. The data will be used to aid in the planning, collection, and analysis of biological information for the NAWQA study unit and to aid other researchers concerned with water quality of the study unit. A total of 234 investigations conducted during 1875-1998 are summarized in this report. The studies are grouped into three major subjects: (1) aquatic communities and habitat, (2) contamination of streambed sediments and biological tissues, and (3) lakes. The location and a general description of each study is listed. The majority of the studies focus on fish and macroinvertebrate communities. Studies of algal communities, aquatic habitat, riparian wetlands, and contamination of streambed sediment or biological tissues are less common. Areas close to the major population centers of Salt Lake City, Provo, and Logan, Utah, are generally well studied, but more rural areas and much of the Bear River Basin are lacking in detailed information, except for fish populations..</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/wri994132","usgsCitation":"Giddings, E.M., and Stephens, D.W., 1999, Selected aquatic biological investigations in the Great Salt Lake basins, 1875-1998, National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4132, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994132.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"47","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158665,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334640,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri994132/pdf/WRI994132.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2184,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":411147,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22684.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.236328125,\n              39.86758762451019\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.87377929687499,\n              39.64799732373418\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.324462890625,\n              40.019201307686785\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.302490234375,\n              40.3130432088809\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.753173828125,\n              40.98819156349393\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.50048828124999,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.55541992187499,\n              42.601619944327965\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.77490234375,\n              42.771211138625894\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.412109375,\n              42.431565872579185\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.510986328125,\n              41.566141964768384\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.43408203124999,\n              41.15384235711447\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              40.763901280945866\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.236328125,\n              39.86758762451019\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4cbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giddings, Elise M. P.","contributorId":55819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giddings","given":"Elise","email":"","middleInitial":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, Doyle W.","contributorId":40195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Doyle","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29547,"text":"wri994106 - 1999 - Concentrations and possible sources of nitrate in water from the Silurian-Devonian aquifer, Cedar Falls, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-25T20:19:37.315049","indexId":"wri994106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4106","title":"Concentrations and possible sources of nitrate in water from the Silurian-Devonian aquifer, Cedar Falls, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>Carbonate rocks of the Silurian-Devonian aquifer are the primary source of water for Cedar Falls, Iowa. A trend of increasing nitrate concentrations has been detected in samples from Cedar Falls water-supply wells 9 and 10, and 1998 nitrate concentrations were close to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen in drinking water. These wells are located in an area where the Silurian-Devonian aquifer is covered by 90 feet of alluvial and glacial deposits. A study to evaluate the concentrations and sources of nitrate in Cedar Falls water-supply wells 9 and 10 was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with Cedar Falls Utilities.</p>\n<p>Water-level measurements from a network of Silurian-Devonian observation wells in the Cedar Falls area were used to determine that ground-water flow in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer is generally from northwest to southeast and down the Cedar River Valley.</p>\n<p>Water samples were collected from Cedar Falls water-supply wells 5, 9, and 10 and a domestic well in 1998. Chlorofluorocarbon analytical results indicate that time of recharge was the mid-1970&rsquo;s for water from Cedar Falls water-supply well 9. Tritium analytical results indicate that the time of recharge was after 1953 for water from all four sampled wells. Nitrogen isotope rations in water from all four wells indicate that the primary source of nitrate in these wells is probably inorganic nitrogen fertilizer.</p>\n<p>High nitrate concentrations in samples from Cedar Falls water-supply wells 9 and 10 are probably the result of nitrogen fertilizer applications in the area contributing recharge to the wells. Locally, the nitrate concentrations increase with depth, and the estimated time of recharge for the shallower well is later than the estimated time of recharge for the deeper wells. This suggests that the nitrate and water sampled in the Cedar Falls water-supply wells 9 and 10 are moving along predominantly horizontal ground-water flow paths through the Silurian-Devonian aquifer. Land-use data from 1941 through 1994 indicate that increased nitrate concentrations observed in water from wells 9 and 10 are not the results of increased agricultural land use near the wells. Within 1 mile of the water tower between wells 9 and 10, the proportion of agricultural land has remained fairly stable since 1941.</p>\n<p>Nitrogen fertilizer sales in Iowa have been higher in recent years than during the mid- 1970&rsquo;s. This suggests that nitrate concentrations in water from well 9 may persist at present levels or could increase in future years if fertilizer use increases and if higher nitrate concentrations are directly related to higher nitrogen fertilizer use.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/wri994106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with City of Cedar Falls, Iowa","usgsCitation":"Schaap, B.D., 1999, Concentrations and possible sources of nitrate in water from the Silurian-Devonian aquifer, Cedar Falls, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4106, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994106.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14543,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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D.","contributorId":63438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaap","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26746,"text":"wri994221 - 1999 - Comparison of two approaches for determining ground-water discharge and pumpage in the lower Arkansas River Basin, Colorado, 1997-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri994221","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4221","title":"Comparison of two approaches for determining ground-water discharge and pumpage in the lower Arkansas River Basin, Colorado, 1997-98","docAbstract":"In March 1994, the Colorado Division of Water Resources (CDWR) adopted ?Rules Governing the Measurement of Tributary Ground Water Diversions Located in the Arkansas River Basin? (Office of the State Engineer, 1994); these initial rules were amended in February 1996 (Office of the State Engineer, 1996). The amended rules require users of wells that divert tributary ground water to annually report the water pumped monthly by each well. The rules allow a well owner to report the pumpage measured by a totalizing flowmeter (TFM) or pumpage determined from electrical power data and a power conversion coefficient (PCC) (Hurr and Litke, 1989).Opinions by representatives of the State of Kansas, presented before the Special Master hearing a court case [State of Kansas v. State of Colorado, No. 105 Original (1996)] concerning post-Compact well pumping, stated that the PCC approach does not provide the same level of accuracy and reliability as a TFM when used to determine pumpage. In 1997, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the CDWR, began a 2-year study to compare ground-water pumpage estimates made using the TFM and the PCC approaches. The study area was along the Arkansas River between Pueblo, Colorado, and the Colorado-Kansas State line (fig. 1).The two approaches for estimating ground-water discharge and pumpage were compared for more than 100 wells completed in the alluvial aquifer of the Arkansas River Basin. The TFM approach uses an inline flowmeter to directly measure instantaneous discharge and the total volume of water pumped at a well. The PCC approach uses electrical power consumption records and a power conversion coefficient to estimate the pumpage at ground-water wells.This executive summary describes the results of the comparison of the two approaches. Specifically, (1) the differences in instantaneous discharge measured with three portable flowmeters and measured with an inline TFM are evaluated, and the statistical differences in paired instantaneous discharge between the two approaches are determined; (2) short- and long-term variations in the PCC?s are presented; (3) differences in pumpage between the two approaches are evaluated, and the statistical differences in pumpage between the two approaches are determined; (4) potential sources of discrepancy between pumpage estimates are discussed; and (5) differences in total network pumpage using the two approaches are presented.During the irrigation seasons of 1997 and 1998, instantaneous discharge and electrical power demand were measured at randomly selected wells to determine PCC?s. At more than 100 wells, the PCC?s determined during the 1998 season were applied to total electrical power consumption data that was recorded between the initial and final readings at each network well site in 1998 to estimate total ground-water pumpage.At each site, an inline TFM was installed in a full-flowing, acceptable test section of pipe on the discharge side of the pump where the measurement of discharge was made. Measurements of instantaneous ground-water discharge also were made using three different types of portable flowmeters. The average velocity multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the discharge pipe was used to compute the discharge in gallons per minute. Whenever possible, discharge measurements were made at each network site using all three types of portable flowmeters. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994221","usgsCitation":"Dash, R.G., Troutman, B., and Edelmann, P., 1999, Comparison of two approaches for determining ground-water discharge and pumpage in the lower Arkansas River Basin, Colorado, 1997-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4221, iv, 39 p. :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994221.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2061,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri99-4221","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab5ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dash, Russell G.","contributorId":64695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dash","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":41040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edelmann, Patrick","contributorId":86305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edelmann","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":68689,"text":"ha730A - 1999 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Introduction and national summary","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":68689,"text":"ha730A - 1999 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Introduction and national summary","indexId":"ha730A","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Introduction and national summary"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T15:57:23","indexId":"ha730A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"730","chapter":"A","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Introduction and national summary","docAbstract":"<p>The Ground Water Atlas of the United States provides a summary of the most important information available for each principal aquifer, or rock unit that will yield usable quantities of water to wells, throughout the 50 States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The Atlas is an outgrowth of the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a program that investigated 24 of the most important aquifers and aquifer systems of the Nation and one in the Caribbean Islands (fig. 1). The objectives of the RASA program were to define the geologic and hydrologic frameworks of each aquifer system, to assess the geochemistry of the water in the system, to characterize the ground-water flow system, and to describe the effects of development on the flow system. Although the RASA studies did not cover the entire Nation, they compiled much of the data needed to make the National assessments of ground-water resources presented in the Ground Water Atlas of the United States. The Atlas, however, describes the location, extent, and geologic and hydrologic characteristics of all the important aquifers in the United States, including those not studied by the RASA program. </p><p>The Atlas is written so that it can be understood by readers who are not hydrologists. Simple language is used to explain technical terms. The principles that control the presence, movement, and chemical quality of ground water in different climatic, topographic, and geologic settings are clearly illustrated. The Atlas is, therefore, useful as a teaching tool for introductory courses in hydrology or hydrogeology at the college level and as an overview of ground-water conditions for consultants who need information about an individual aquifer. It also serves as an introduction to regional and National ground-water resources for lawmakers, personnel of local, State, or Federal agencies, or anyone who needs to understand ground-water occurrence, movement, and quality. </p><p>The purpose of the Ground Water Atlas of the United States is to summarize, in one publication with a common format, the most important ground-water information that has been collected over many years by the USGS, other Federal agencies, and State and local water management agencies. The purpose of this introductory chapter is to describe the content of the Atlas; to discuss the characteristics, use, and limitations of the maps and other types of illustrations used in the different chapters of the book; to summarize the locations of the principal aquifers on a Nationwide map; and to give an example of an aquifer in each principal hydrogeologic setting.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha730A","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.A., 1999, Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Introduction and national summary: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 730, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha730A.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"A1","endPage":"A15","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11478,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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