A comparison of the hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger volumes of crystalline rock was conducted in the Piedmont physiographic region near Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Fluid-injection tests were conducted on intervals of boreholes isolating closely spaced fractures. Single-hole tests were conducted by pumping in open boreholes for approximately 30 min, and an interference test was conducted by pumping a single borehole over 3 days while monitoring nearby boreholes. An estimate of the hydraulic conductivity of the rock over hundreds of meters was inferred from simulating groundwater inflow into a kilometer-long section of a Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority tunnel in the study area, and a groundwater modeling investigation over the Rock Creek watershed provided an estimate of the hydraulic conductivity over kilometers. The majority of groundwater flow is confined to relatively few fractures at a given location. Boreholes installed to depths of approximately 50 m have one or two highly transmissive fractures; the transmissivity of the remaining fractures ranges over five orders of magnitude. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger rock volumes varied by less than half an order of magnitude. While many investigations point to increasing hydraulic conductivity as a function of the measurement scale, a comparison with selected investigations shows that the effective hydraulic conductivity estimated over larger volumes of rock can either increase, decrease, or remain stable as a function of the measurement scale. Caution needs to be exhibited in characterizing effective hydraulic properties in fractured rock for the purposes of groundwater management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-015-1285-7","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., Ladderud, J., and Yager, R.M., 2015, Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 23, no. 7, p. 1319-1339, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1285-7.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1319","endPage":"1339","ipdsId":"IP-065461","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ef3dace4b0eed1ab8e3be4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ladderud, Jeffery","contributorId":190799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ladderud","given":"Jeffery","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186704,"text":"70186704 - 2015 - Mineral resource of the month: Pumice and pumicite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T12:54:39","indexId":"70186704","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: Pumice and pumicite","docAbstract":"Pumice is an extrusive igneous volcanic rock formed through the rapid cooling of air-pocketed lava, which results in a low-density, high-porosity rock. Fine-grained pumice, or pumicite, is defined as minute grains, flakes, threads or shards of volcanic glass, with a size finer than 4 millimeters.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Crangle, R., 2015, Mineral resource of the month: Pumice and pumicite: Earth, v. November 2015, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-012741","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339418,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.earthmagazine.org/mineral-resource-of-the-month-archive"}],"volume":"November 2015","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a543e4b09da6799d63a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crangle, Robert Jr. 0000-0002-8120-3760 rcrangle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-3760","contributorId":141008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rcrangle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159858,"text":"70159858 - 2015 - Laboratory investigations of African Pouched Rats (Cricetomys gambianus) as a potential reservoir host species for Monkeypox Virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T11:15:03","indexId":"70159858","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-30T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5023,"text":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory investigations of African Pouched Rats (Cricetomys gambianus) as a potential reservoir host species for Monkeypox Virus","docAbstract":"Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease endemic to central and western Africa, where it is a major public health concern. Although Monkeypox virus (MPXV) and monkeypox disease in humans have been well characterized, little is known about its natural history, or its maintenance in animal populations of sylvatic reservoir(s). In 2003, several species of rodents imported from Ghana were involved in a monkeypox outbreak in the United States with individuals of three African rodent genera (Cricetomys, Graphiurus, Funisciurus) shown to be infected with MPXV. Here, we examine the course of MPXV infection in Cricetomys gambianus (pouched Gambian rats) and this rodent species’ competence as a host for the virus. We obtained ten Gambian rats from an introduced colony in Grassy Key, Florida and infected eight of these via scarification with a challenge dose of 4X104 plaque forming units (pfu) from either of the two primary clades of MPXV: Congo Basin (C-MPXV: n = 4) or West African (W-MPXV: n = 4); an additional 2 animals served as PBS controls. Viral shedding and the effect of infection on activity and physiological aspects of the animals were measured. MPXV challenged animals had significantly higher core body temperatures, reduced activity and increased weight loss than PBS controls. Viable virus was found in samples taken from animals in both experimental groups (C-MPXV and W-MPXV) between 3 and 27 days post infection (p.i.) (up to 1X108pfu/ml), with viral DNA found until day 56 p.i. The results from this work show that Cricetomys gambianus (and by inference, probably the closely related species, Cricetomys emini) can be infected with MPXV and shed viable virus particles; thus suggesting that these animals may be involved in the maintenance of MPXV in wildlife mammalian populations. More research is needed to elucidate the epidemiology of MPXV and the role of Gambian rats and other species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0004013","usgsCitation":"Hutson, C.L., Nakazawa, Y.J., Self, J., Olson, V.A., Regnery, R.L., Braden, Z., Weiss, S., Malekani, J., Jackson, E., Tate, M., Karem, K.L., Rocke, T.E., Osorio, J., Damon, I.K., and Carroll, D., 2015, Laboratory investigations of African Pouched Rats (Cricetomys gambianus) as a potential reservoir host species for Monkeypox Virus: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004013.","productDescription":"20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066058","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5666bbdfe4b06a3ea36c8b2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutson, Christina L.","contributorId":150102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutson","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nakazawa, Yoshinori J.","contributorId":150106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakazawa","given":"Yoshinori","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Self, 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Zachary","contributorId":150109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braden","given":"Zachary","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weiss, Sonja","contributorId":150118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiss","given":"Sonja","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Malekani, Jean","contributorId":150110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malekani","given":"Jean","affiliations":[{"id":17915,"text":"Univ. of Kinshasa, DRC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jackson, Eddie","contributorId":150119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Eddie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tate, Mallory","contributorId":150120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tate","given":"Mallory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Karem, Kevin L.","contributorId":150111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karem","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Osorio, Jorge E.","contributorId":50392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osorio","given":"Jorge E.","affiliations":[{"id":13052,"text":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Damon, Inger K.","contributorId":150112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Damon","given":"Inger","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Carroll, Darin S.","contributorId":150113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carroll","given":"Darin S.","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70159857,"text":"70159857 - 2015 - Further assessment of Monkeypox Virus infection in Gambian pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) using in vivo bioluminescent imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T11:15:52","indexId":"70159857","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-30T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5023,"text":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Further assessment of Monkeypox Virus infection in Gambian pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) using in vivo bioluminescent imaging","docAbstract":"Monkeypox is a zoonosis clinically similar to smallpox in humans. Recent evidence has shown a potential risk of increased incidence in central Africa. Despite attempts to isolate the virus from wild rodents and other small mammals, no reservoir host has been identified. In 2003,Monkeypox virus (MPXV) was accidentally introduced into the U.S. via the pet trade and was associated with the Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus). Therefore, we investigated the potential reservoir competence of the Gambian pouched rat for MPXV by utilizing a combination of in vivo and in vitro methods. We inoculated three animals by the intradermal route and three animals by the intranasal route, with one mock-infected control for each route. Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) was used to track replicating virus in infected animals and virological assays (e.g. real time PCR, cell culture) were used to determine viral load in blood, urine, ocular, nasal, oral, and rectal swabs. Intradermal inoculation resulted in clinical signs of monkeypox infection in two of three animals. One severely ill animal was euthanized and the other affected animal recovered. In contrast, intranasal inoculation resulted in subclinical infection in all three animals. All animals, regardless of apparent or inapparent infection, shed virus in oral and nasal secretions. Additionally, BLI identified viral replication in the skin without grossly visible lesions. These results suggest that Gambian pouched rats may play an important role in transmission of the virus to humans, as they are hunted for consumption and it is possible for MPXV-infected pouched rats to shed infectious virus without displaying overt clinical signs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0004130","usgsCitation":"Falendysz, E., Lopera, J.G., Faye Lorenzsonn, Salzer, J.S., Hutson, C.L., Doty, J., Gallardo-Romero, N., Carroll, D., Osorio, J., and Rocke, T.E., 2015, Further assessment of Monkeypox Virus infection in Gambian pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) using in vivo bioluminescent imaging: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004130.","productDescription":"19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066100","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004130","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5666bbd7e4b06a3ea36c8b21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falendysz, Elizabeth 0000-0003-2895-8918 efalendysz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2895-8918","contributorId":127751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falendysz","given":"Elizabeth","email":"efalendysz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopera, Juan G.","contributorId":7574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopera","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faye Lorenzsonn","contributorId":150100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faye Lorenzsonn","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salzer, Johanna S.","contributorId":150382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salzer","given":"Johanna","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16974,"text":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hutson, Christina L.","contributorId":150102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutson","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doty, Jeffrey","contributorId":150103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doty","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gallardo-Romero, Nadia","contributorId":150104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallardo-Romero","given":"Nadia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carroll, Darin S.","contributorId":150113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carroll","given":"Darin S.","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Osorio, Jorge E.","contributorId":50392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osorio","given":"Jorge E.","affiliations":[{"id":13052,"text":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70174542,"text":"70174542 - 2015 - Isolation of a complete circular virus genome sequence from an Alaskan black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) gastrointestinal tract sample.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-13T09:01:44","indexId":"70174542","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T22:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5099,"text":"Genome Announcements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation of a complete circular virus genome sequence from an Alaskan black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) gastrointestinal tract sample.","docAbstract":"We report here the genome sequence of a circular virus isolated from samples of an Alaskan black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) gastrointestinal tract. The genome is 2,152 bp in length and is most similar (30 to 44.5% amino acid identity) to the genome sequences of other single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) circular viruses belonging to the gemycircularvirus group.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/genomeA.01081-15","usgsCitation":"Hanna, Z.R., Runckel, C., Fuchs, J., DeRisi, J.L., Mindell, D.P., Van Hemert, C.R., Handel, C.M., and Dumbacher, J.P., 2015, Isolation of a complete circular virus genome sequence from an Alaskan black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) gastrointestinal tract sample.: Genome Announcements, v. 3, no. 5, p. e01081-15-e01081-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.01081-15.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"e01081-15","endPage":"e01081-16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067219","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/genomea.01081-15","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5787662fe4b0d27deb36e18b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanna, Zachary R.","contributorId":172860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanna","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12937,"text":"California Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runckel, Charles","contributorId":172861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Runckel","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27104,"text":"University of California San Francisco; Howard Hughes Medical Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuchs, Jerome","contributorId":172862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuchs","given":"Jerome","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12937,"text":"California Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeRisi, Joseph L.","contributorId":172863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeRisi","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27105,"text":"University of California San Francisco; Howard Hughes Medical Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mindell, David P.","contributorId":16762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mindell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dumbacher, John P.","contributorId":172864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dumbacher","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12937,"text":"California Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70159422,"text":"70159422 - 2015 - Marsh canopy leaf area and orientation calculated for improved marsh structure mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-17T23:30:47","indexId":"70159422","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marsh canopy leaf area and orientation calculated for improved marsh structure mapping","docAbstract":"An approach is presented for producing the spatiotemporal estimation of leaf area index (LAI) of a highly heterogeneous coastal marsh without reliance on user estimates of marsh leaf-stem orientation. The canopy LAI profile derivation used three years of field measured photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) vertical profiles at seven S. alterniflora marsh sites and iterative transform of those PAR attenuation profiles to best-fit light extinction coefficients (KM). KM sun zenith dependency was removed obtaining the leaf angle distribution (LAD) representing the average marsh orientation and the LAD used to calculate the LAI canopy profile. LAI and LAD reproduced measured PAR profiles with 99% accuracy and corresponded to field documented structures. LAI and LAD better reflect marsh structure and results substantiate the need to account for marsh orientation. The structure indexes are directly amenable to remote sensing spatiotemporal mapping and offer a more meaningful representation of wetland systems promoting biophysical function understanding.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.81.10.807","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E.W., Rangoonwala, A., Jones, C.E., and Bannister, T., 2015, Marsh canopy leaf area and orientation calculated for improved marsh structure mapping: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 81, no. 10, p. 807-816, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.81.10.807.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"816","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061319","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.81.10.807","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56333585e4b048076347ee9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796 ramseye@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":2883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah","suffix":"III","email":"ramseye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rangoonwala, Amina 0000-0002-0556-0598 rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-0598","contributorId":3455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangoonwala","given":"Amina","email":"rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Cathleen E.","contributorId":11890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Cathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bannister, Terri","contributorId":82836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bannister","given":"Terri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159427,"text":"70159427 - 2015 - Developing a workflow to identify inconsistencies in volunteered geographic information: a phenological case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-09T09:07:29","indexId":"70159427","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing a workflow to identify inconsistencies in volunteered geographic information: a phenological case study","docAbstract":"Recent improvements in online information communication and mobile location-aware technologies have led to the production of large volumes of volunteered geographic information. Widespread, large-scale efforts by volunteers to collect data can inform and drive scientific advances in diverse fields, including ecology and climatology. Traditional workflows to check the quality of such volunteered information can be costly and time consuming as they heavily rely on human interventions. However, identifying factors that can influence data quality, such as inconsistency, is crucial when these data are used in modeling and decision-making frameworks. Recently developed workflows use simple statistical approaches that assume that the majority of the information is consistent. However, this assumption is not generalizable, and ignores underlying geographic and environmental contextual variability that may explain apparent inconsistencies. Here we describe an automated workflow to check inconsistency based on the availability of contextual environmental information for sampling locations. The workflow consists of three steps: (1) dimensionality reduction to facilitate further analysis and interpretation of results, (2) model-based clustering to group observations according to their contextual conditions, and (3) identification of inconsistent observations within each cluster. The workflow was applied to volunteered observations of flowering in common and cloned lilac plants (Syringa vulgaris and Syringa x chinensis) in the United States for the period 1980 to 2013. About 97% of the observations for both common and cloned lilacs were flagged as consistent, indicating that volunteers provided reliable information for this case study. Relative to the original dataset, the exclusion of inconsistent observations changed the apparent rate of change in lilac bloom dates by two days per decade, indicating the importance of inconsistency checking as a key step in data quality assessment for volunteered geographic information. Initiatives that leverage volunteered geographic information can adapt this workflow to improve the quality of their datasets and the robustness of their scientific analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0140811","usgsCitation":"Mehdipoor, H., Zurita-Milla, R., Rosemartin, A., Gerst, K., and Weltzin, J., 2015, Developing a workflow to identify inconsistencies in volunteered geographic information: a phenological case study: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 10, e0140811: 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140811.","productDescription":"e0140811: 14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065123","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140811","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56333584e4b048076347ee9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehdipoor, Hamed","contributorId":146212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mehdipoor","given":"Hamed","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16630,"text":"Department of Geo-Information Processing, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zurita-Milla, Raul","contributorId":146213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zurita-Milla","given":"Raul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16630,"text":"Department of Geo-Information Processing, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosemartin, Alyssa","contributorId":29766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosemartin","given":"Alyssa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerst, Katharine L.","contributorId":29739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerst","given":"Katharine L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F. jweltzin@usgs.gov","contributorId":149476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake F.","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70158668,"text":"sir20155144 - 2015 - Concentration comparison of selected constituents between groundwater samples collected within the Missouri River alluvial aquifer using purge and pump and grab-sampling methods, near the city of Independence, Missouri, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T14:37:53","indexId":"sir20155144","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5144","title":"Concentration comparison of selected constituents between groundwater samples collected within the Missouri River alluvial aquifer using purge and pump and grab-sampling methods, near the city of Independence, Missouri, 2013","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Independence, Missouri, Water Department, has historically collected water-quality samples using the purge and pump method (hereafter referred to as pump method) to identify potential contamination in groundwater supply wells within the Independence well field. If grab sample results are comparable to the pump method, grab samplers may reduce time, labor, and overall cost. This study was designed to compare constituent concentrations between samples collected within the Independence well field using the pump method and the grab method.
\nRelative percent differences between environmental grab and duplicate grab samples were greater than 10 percent for 80 percent of the constituents. Duplicate grab samples were collected by tethering two grab samplers together, because the amount of water collected by each grab sampler is close to the amount necessary for analysis. The screened interval lengths of monitoring wells within the Independence well field is not conducive to collecting multiple grab samples by tethering samplers. The inability to collect required duplicate quality assurance samples may limit the use of grab samplers.
\nConcentrations between pump and grab samples were similar for analyzed nutrient species, the variability between methods was less than the variability between historical duplicate samples, and there were no significant differences determined. Major ion relative percent differences were less than 10 percent and root mean square error differences between methods and between historical duplicate samples were less than 1 milligram per liter with the exception of sulfate. Statistically significant differences were determined between pump and grab samples for sodium and fluoride. There is a strong association between major ion pump and grab samples based on bivariate plots and simple linear regressions. Variability between pump and grab samples of analyzed nutrients and major ions may have minimal effect on the ability to monitor temporal changes and potential groundwater contamination threats.
\nRelative percent differences between methods were greater than 10 percent for most analyzed trace elements. Barium, cobalt, manganese, and boron had concentrations that were significantly different between sampling methods. Barium, molybdenum, boron, and uranium method concentrations indicate a close association between pump and grab samples based on bivariate plots and simple linear regressions. Grab sample concentrations were generally larger than pump concentrations for these elements and may be because of using a larger pore sized filter for grab samples. Analysis of zinc blank samples suggests zinc contamination in filtered grab samples. Variations of analyzed trace elements between pump and grab samples could reduce the ability to monitor temporal changes and potential groundwater contamination threats. The degree of precision necessary for monitoring potential groundwater threats and application objectives need to be considered when determining acceptable variation amounts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Independence, Missouri, Water Department","usgsCitation":"Krempa, H.M., 2015, Concentration comparison of selected constituents between groundwater samples collected within the Missouri River alluvial aquifer using purge and pump and grab-sampling methods, near the City of\nIndependence, Missouri, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations report 2015–5144, 19 p.,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155144.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066496","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science 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Missouri Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
http://mo.water.usgs.gov/
Adaptation to different thermal environments has the potential to cause evolutionary changes that are sufficient to drive ecological speciation. Here, we examine whether climate-based niche divergence in lizards of the Plestiodon skiltonianus species complex is consistent with the outcomes of such a process. Previous work on this group shows that a mechanical sexual barrier has evolved between species that differ mainly in body size and that the barrier may be a by-product of selection for increased body size in lineages that have invaded xeric environments; however, baseline information on niche divergence among members of the group is lacking. We quantified the climatic niche using mechanistic physiological and correlative niche models and then estimated niche differences among species using ordination techniques and tests of niche overlap and equivalency. Our results show that the thermal niches of size-divergent, reproductively isolated morphospecies are significantly differentiated and that precipitation may have been as important as temperature in causing increased shifts in body size in xeric habitats. While these findings alone do not demonstrate thermal adaptation or identify the cause of speciation, their integration with earlier genetic and behavioral studies provides a useful test of phenotype–environment associations that further support the case for ecological speciation in these lizards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1610","usgsCitation":"Wogan, G.O., and Richmond, J.Q., 2015, Niche divergence builds the case for ecological speciation in skinks of the Plestiodon skiltonianus species complex: Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 20, p. 4683-4695, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1610.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4683","endPage":"4695","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066537","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1610","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56333585e4b048076347eea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wogan, Guinevere O.U.","contributorId":149463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wogan","given":"Guinevere","email":"","middleInitial":"O.U.","affiliations":[{"id":17743,"text":"Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159437,"text":"70159437 - 2015 - Component-specific dynamics of riverine mangrove CO2 efflux in the Florida coastal Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-17T23:42:12","indexId":"70159437","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Component-specific dynamics of riverine mangrove CO2 efflux in the Florida coastal Everglades","docAbstract":"Carbon cycling in mangrove forests represents a significant portion of the coastal wetland carbon (C) budget across the latitudes of the tropics and subtropics. Previous research suggests fluctuations in tidal inundation, temperature and salinity can influence forest metabolism and C cycling. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from respiration that occurs from below the canopy is contributed from different components. In this study, we investigated variation in CO2 flux among different below-canopy components (soil, leaf litter, course woody debris, soil including pneumatophores, prop roots, and surface water) in a riverine mangrove forest of Shark River Slough estuary, Everglades National Park (Florida, USA). The range in CO2 flux from different components exceeded that measured among sites along the oligohaline-saline gradient. Black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) pneumatophores contributed the largest average CO2 flux. Over a narrow range of estuarine salinity (25–35 practical salinity units (PSU)), increased salinity resulted in lower CO2 flux to the atmosphere. Tidal inundation reduced soil CO2 flux overall but increased the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) observed in the overlying surface water upon flooding. Higher pCO2 in surface water is then subject to tidally driven export, largely as HCO3. Integration and scaling of CO2 flux rates to forest scale allowed for improved understanding of the relative contribution of different below-canopy components to mangrove forest ecosystem respiration (ER). Summing component CO2fluxes suggests a more significant contribution of below-canopy respiration to ER than previously considered. An understanding of below-canopy CO2 component fluxes and their contributions to ER can help to elucidate how C cycling will change with discrete disturbance events (e.g., hurricanes) and long-term change, including sea-level rise, and potential impact mangrove forests. As such, key controls on below-canopy ER must be taken into consideration when developing and modeling mangrove forest C budgets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.012","usgsCitation":"Troxler, T.G., Barr, J.G., Fuentes, J.D., Engel, V.C., Anderson, G.H., Sanchez, C., Lagomosino, D., Price, R., and Davis, S., 2015, Component-specific dynamics of riverine mangrove CO2 efflux in the Florida coastal Everglades: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 213, p. 273-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.012.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"282","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059705","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471698,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Shark River Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 24.886436490787688\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 26.165298896316042\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 26.165298896316042\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 24.886436490787688\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 24.886436490787688\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"213","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56333581e4b048076347ee97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troxler, Tiffany G.","contributorId":140212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troxler","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barr, Jordan G.","contributorId":85809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barr","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13531,"text":"South Florida Natural Resource Center, Everglades National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuentes, Jose D.","contributorId":97231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuentes","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engel, Victor C. 0000-0002-3858-7308 vengel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7308","contributorId":2329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"Victor","email":"vengel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Gordon H. 0000-0003-1675-8329 gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-8329","contributorId":2771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gordon","email":"gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sanchez, Christopher","contributorId":149511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanchez","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17759,"text":"Univ. of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lagomosino, David","contributorId":149512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lagomosino","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Price, Rene","contributorId":149513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Rene","affiliations":[{"id":17760,"text":"Florida International Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Davis, Stephen E.","contributorId":73494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Stephen E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70178331,"text":"70178331 - 2015 - Influence of hyporheic exchange, substrate distribution, and other physically-linked hydrogeomorphic characteristics on abundance of freshwater mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-11T14:00:24","indexId":"70178331","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of hyporheic exchange, substrate distribution, and other physically-linked hydrogeomorphic characteristics on abundance of freshwater mussels","docAbstract":"Both endangered and non-endangered unionid mussels are heterogeneously distributed within the Allegheny River,\nPennsylvania. Mussel populations vary from high to low density downstream of Kinzua Dam, and the direction, amount, and\nrange of hyporheic exchange (seepage) at the sediment–water interface were suspected to influence their distribution and\nabundance. Nineteen hydrogeomorphic variables, including the quantification of seepage metrics, substrate size, river stage, river\ndischarge, and shear stress, were measured at five reaches on the Allegheny River within 80 km downstream of Kinzua Dam.\nAnalysis revealed significant (α = 0·05) non-linear correlations between mussel population density and directional mean seepage\n(positive relationship), river width (positive relationship), and median substrate size (negative relationship). Specifically, seepage\nfindings showed that increases in upward seepage and decreases in the overall range of seepage related to increases in mussel\npopulation density. River width, directional mean seepage, and median substrate size were also found to co-vary with marginal\nsignificance (α = 0·1), making their individual influences on mussel population density uncertain. Absolute mean seepage, water\ndepth, hydraulic head, temperature differences between the surface water and substrate, and other substrate metrics besides\nmedian grain size were not found to significantly correlate to mussel population density. Considering the physical processes often\nlinking seepage to other explanatory variables, future research in seepage–mussel relationships should work to isolate the\nmechanistic influence of hyporheic exchange independently from its common covariation with substrate size and\ngeomorphology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","doi":"10.1002/eco.1581","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., Klos, P.Z., and Bumgardner, R.V., 2015, Influence of hyporheic exchange, substrate distribution, and other physically-linked hydrogeomorphic characteristics on abundance of freshwater mussels: Ecohydrology, v. 8, no. 7, p. 1284-1291, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1581.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"1284","endPage":"1291","ipdsId":"IP-030163","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.6011962890625,\n 40.94256444133327\n ],\n [\n -80.6011962890625,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -77.0196533203125,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -77.0196533203125,\n 40.94256444133327\n ],\n [\n -80.6011962890625,\n 40.94256444133327\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5826b62de4b01fad86eb904f","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/eco.1581","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.1581","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Klos P. Zion, Rosenberry Donald O., Nelson Glenn R.","journalName":"Ecohydrology","publicationDate":"11/27/2014","auditedOn":"12/15/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klos, P. Zion","contributorId":176826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klos","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Zion","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bumgardner, Rita Villella","contributorId":168441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bumgardner","given":"Rita","email":"","middleInitial":"Villella","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70159657,"text":"70159657 - 2015 - Recent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-17T16:31:36","indexId":"70159657","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst development","docAbstract":"Fire-induced permafrost degradation is well documented in boreal forests, but the role of fires in initiating thermokarst development in Arctic tundra is less well understood. Here we show that Arctic tundra fires may induce widespread thaw subsidence of permafrost terrain in the first seven years following the disturbance. Quantitative analysis of airborne LiDAR data acquired two and seven years post-fire, detected permafrost thaw subsidence across 34% of the burned tundra area studied, compared to less than 1% in similar undisturbed, ice-rich tundra terrain units. The variability in thermokarst development appears to be influenced by the interaction of tundra fire burn severity and near-surface, ground-ice content. Subsidence was greatest in severely burned, ice-rich upland terrain (yedoma), accounting for ~50% of the detected subsidence, despite representing only 30% of the fire disturbed study area. Microtopography increased by 340% in this terrain unit as a result of ice wedge degradation. Increases in the frequency, magnitude, and severity of tundra fires will contribute to future thermokarst development and associated landscape change in Arctic tundra regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/srep15865","collaboration":"Guido Grosse, Christopher D. Arp, Eric Miller, Lin Liu, Daniel J. Hayes & Christopher F. Larsen","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Grosse, G., Arp, C.D., Miller, E.K., Liu, L., Hayes, D.J., and Larsen, C., 2015, Recent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst development: Scientific Reports, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15865.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065470","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471699,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15865","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311446,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep15865"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Anaktuvuk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.6552734375,\n 69.58056349224898\n ],\n [\n -150.1611328125,\n 69.63415831720732\n ],\n [\n -149.6337890625,\n 68.71246485443845\n ],\n [\n -149.600830078125,\n 68.6245436634471\n ],\n [\n -151.336669921875,\n 68.48395536734631\n ],\n [\n -151.776123046875,\n 69.5690613327378\n ],\n [\n -151.6552734375,\n 69.58056349224898\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564c5de6e4b0ebfbef0d348d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Eric K.","contributorId":55244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Lingli","contributorId":9926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Lingli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayes, Daniel J.","contributorId":100237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Larsen, Christopher F.","contributorId":107178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Christopher F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70156960,"text":"ofr20151172 - 2015 - Performance evaluation of five turbidity sensors in three primary standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T13:25:26.52461","indexId":"ofr20151172","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-28T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1172","displayTitle":"Performance Evaluation of Five Turbidity Sensors in Three Primary Standards","title":"Performance evaluation of five turbidity sensors in three primary standards","docAbstract":"The Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) consists of a combination of natural and manmade channels that form an interconnected navigable waterway of approximately 90-plus miles in the metropolitan Chicago area of northeastern Illinois. The CAWS serves the area as the primary drainage feature, a waterway transportation corridor, and recreational waterbody. The CAWS was constructed by the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC). Completion of the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (initial portion of the CAWS) in 1900 breached a low drainage divide and resulted in a diversion of water from the Lake Michigan Basin. A U.S. Supreme Court decree (Consent Decree 388 U.S. 426 [1967] Modified 449 U.S. 48 [1980]) limits the annual diversion from Lake Michigan. While the State of Illinois is responsible for the diversion, the MWRDGC regulates and maintains water level and water quality within the CAWS by using several waterway control structures. The operation and control of water levels in the CAWS results in a very complex hydraulic setting characterized by highly unsteady flows. The complexity leads to unique gaging requirements and monitoring issues. This report provides a general discussion of the complex hydraulic setting within the CAWS and quantifies this information with examples of data collected at a range of flow conditions from U.S. Geological Survey streamflow gaging stations and other locations within the CAWS. Monitoring to address longstanding issues of waterway operation, as well as current (2014) emerging issues such as wastewater disinfection and the threat from aquatic invasive species, is included in the discussion.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency– Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Duncker, J.J. and Johnson, K.K., 2015, Hydrology of and current monitoring issues for the Chicago Area Waterway\nSystem, northeastern Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5115, 48 p., https://dx.doi.\norg/10.3133/sir20155115.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038442","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310678,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5115/sir20155115.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5115"},{"id":310677,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5115/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.099365234375,\n 41.57847058443442\n ],\n [\n -88.099365234375,\n 42.18579390537848\n ],\n [\n -87.47039794921874,\n 42.18579390537848\n ],\n [\n -87.47039794921874,\n 41.57847058443442\n ],\n [\n -88.099365234375,\n 41.57847058443442\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 N. Goodwin Avenue
Urbana, IL 61801
http://il.water.usgs.gov/
About 35 million years ago, a 2-mile-wide meteorite smashed into Earth in what is now the lower Chesapeake Bay in Virginia. The oceanic impact vaporized, melted, fractured, and displaced rocks and sediments and sent billions of tons of water, sediments, and rocks into the air. Glassy particles of solidified melt rock rained down as far away as Texas and the Caribbean. Large tsunamis affected most of the North Atlantic basin. The resulting impact structure is more than 53 miles wide and has a 23-mile-wide, filled central crater surrounded by collapsed sediments. Now buried by hundreds of feet of younger sediments, the Chesapeake Bay impact structure is among the 20 largest known impact structures on Earth.
\nSince its discovery in the early 1990s, scientists have conducted deep drilling and geophysical surveys of the impact structure to find out more about its size, composition, structure, age, and biological effects and to understand its lingering influences on the regional groundwater system. These efforts culminated in the drilling of a 1-mile-deep, continuously sampled corehole in 2005 by an international group of scientists and agencies.
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About 35 million years ago, during late Eocene time, a 2-mile-wide asteroid or comet smashed into Earth in what is now the lower Chesapeake Bay in Virginia. The oceanic impact vaporized, melted, fractured, and (or) displaced the target rocks and sediments and sent billions of tons of water, sediments, and rocks into the air. Glassy particles of solidified melt rock rained down as far away as Texas and the Caribbean. Models suggest that even up to 50 miles away the velocity of the intensely hot air blast was greater than 1,500 miles per hour, and ground shaking was equivalent to an earthquake greater than magnitude 8.0 on the Richter scale. Large tsunamis affected most of the North Atlantic basin. The Chesapeake Bay impact structure is among the 20 largest known impact structures on Earth.
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From October 26-28, 2015, nearly 100 members of the coastal management and research communities met in Kitty Hawk, NC, USA to bridge the apparent gap between the coastal dune research of scientists and engineers and the needs of coastal management practitioners. The workshop aimed to identify the challenges involved in building and managing dunes on developed coasts, assess the extent to which scientific knowledge can be applied to the management community, and identify approaches to provide means to bridge the gap between needs and potential solutions.
","conferenceTitle":"Dune management challenges on developed coasts: An American shore and beach preservation association (ASBPA) workshop ","conferenceDate":"October 26 -October 28, 2015 ","conferenceLocation":"Kitty Hawk, NC","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Elko, N.A., Brodie, K., Stockdon, H.F., Nordstrom, K.F., Houser, C., McKenna, K., Moore, L., Rosati, J., Ruggiero, P., Thuman, R., and Walker, I.J., 2015, Dune management challenges on developed coasts, Dune management challenges on developed coasts: An American shore and beach preservation association (ASBPA) workshop , Kitty Hawk, NC, October 26 -October 28, 2015 , HTML.","productDescription":"HTML","ipdsId":"IP-072355","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asbpa.org/dunes/dune_workshop.htm"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585a51bfe4b01224f329b5f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elko, Nicole A.","contributorId":50960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elko","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brodie, Kate","contributorId":152625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brodie","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18947,"text":"USACE ERDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary F. 0000-0003-0791-4676 hstockdon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":2153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","email":"hstockdon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordstrom, Karl F.","contributorId":113281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Houser, Chris","contributorId":78248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McKenna, Kim","contributorId":152626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKenna","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18948,"text":"Delaware DNREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, Laura","contributorId":19090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":24532,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rosati, Julie D.","contributorId":112486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosati","given":"Julie D.","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ruggiero, Peter","contributorId":15709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thuman, Roberta","contributorId":152627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thuman","given":"Roberta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18949,"text":"Town of Nags Head","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Walker, Ian J.","contributorId":147367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16829,"text":"University of Victoria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70156710,"text":"70156710 - 2015 - Applications of optical sensors for high-frequency water-quality monitoring and research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-10T16:43:51","indexId":"70156710","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Applications of optical sensors for high-frequency water-quality monitoring and research","docAbstract":"The recent commercial availability of in-situ optical sensors, together with new techniques for data collection and analysis, provides the opportunity to monitor a wide range of water-quality constituents over time scales during which environmental conditions actually change. Traditional approaches for data collection (daily to monthly discrete samples) are often limited by high sample collection, processing, and analytical costs, difficult site access, and logistical challenges, particularly for long-term sampling at a large number of sites. Optical sensors that continuously measure constituents in the environment by absorbance or fluorescence properties (Figure 1) have had a long history of use in oceanography for measuring highly resolved concentrations and fluxes of organic matter, nutrients, and algal material. However, much of the work using commercially-available optical sensors in rivers and streams has taken place in only the last few years. Figure 1. [NOT SHOWN] Optical sensor technology is now sufficiently developed to warrant broader application for research and monitoring in coastal and freshwater systems, and the United States Geological Survey (a U.S. science agency) is now using these sensors in a variety of research and monitoring programs to better understand water quality in-situ and in real-time. Examples are numerous and range from the applications of nitrate sensors for calculating loads to estuaries susceptible to hypoxia (Pellerin et al., 2014) to the use of fluorometers to estimate methymercury fluxes (Bergamaschi et al., 2011) and disinfection byproduct formation (Carpenter et al., 2013). Transmitting these data in real-time provides information that can be used for early trend detection, help identify monitoring gaps critical for water management, and provide science-based decision support across a range of issues related to water quality, freshwater ecosystems, and human health. Despite the value of these sensors, collecting data that meet high-quality standards requires investment in and adherence to tested and established methods and protocols for sensor operation and data management (Pellerin et al., 2013). For example, optical sensor measurements can be strongly influenced by a variety of matrix effects, including water temperature, inner filtering from highly colored water, and scattering of light by suspended particles (Downing et al., 2012). Characterizing and correcting sensors for these effects – as well as the continued development of common methodologies and protocols for sensor use – will be critical to ensuring comparable measurements across sites and over time. In addition, collaborative efforts such as the Nutrient Sensor Challenge (www.nutrients-challenge.org) will continue to accelerate the development, production and use of affordable, reliable and accurate sensors for a range of environments. REFERENCES Bergamaschi .B.A., Fleck J.A., Downing B.D., Boss E., Pellerin B.A., Ganju N.K., Schoellhamer D.H., Byington A.A., Heim W.A., Stephenson M., Fujii R. (2011), Methyl mercury dynamics in a tidal wetland quantified using in situ optical measurements. Limnology and Oceanography, 56(4): 1355-1371. Carpenter K.D., Kraus T.E.C., Goldman J.H., Saraceno J., Downing B.D., Bergamaschi B.A., McGhee G., Triplett T. (2013), Sources and Characteristics of Organic Matter in the Clackamas River, Oregon, Related to the Formation of Disinfection By-products in Treated Drinking Water: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5001, 78 p. Downing .B.D., Pellerin B.A., Bergamaschi B.A., Saraceno J., Kraus T.E.K. (2012), Seeing the light: The effects of particles, temperature and inner filtering on in situ CDOM fluorescence in rivers and streams. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 10: 767-775. Pellerin B.A., Bergamaschi B.A., Downing B.D., Saraceno J., Garrett J.D., Olsen L.D. (2013), Optical Techniques for the Determination of Nitrate in En
","conferenceTitle":"The SMART water grid International conference","conferenceDate":"October 27-28, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Incheon, South Korea","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B., 2015, Applications of optical sensors for high-frequency water-quality monitoring and research, The SMART water grid International conference, Incheon, South Korea, October 27-28, 2015, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068720","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307561,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.swgic.org/sub/information/schedule.htm"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5643233ce4b0aafbcd017fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. 0000-0003-3712-7884 bpeller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3712-7884","contributorId":147077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159974,"text":"70159974 - 2015 - Large-scale range collapse of Hawaiian forest birds under climate change and the need 21st century conservation options","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:44:27","indexId":"70159974","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale range collapse of Hawaiian forest birds under climate change and the need 21st century conservation options","docAbstract":"Hawaiian forest birds serve as an ideal group to explore the extent of climate change impacts on at-risk species. Avian malaria constrains many remaining Hawaiian forest bird species to high elevations where temperatures are too cool for malaria's life cycle and its principal mosquito vector. The impact of climate change on Hawaiian forest birds has been a recent focus of Hawaiian conservation biology, and has centered on the links between climate and avian malaria. To elucidate the differential impacts of projected climate shifts on species with known varying niches, disease resistance and tolerance, we use a comprehensive database of species sightings, regional climate projections and ensemble distribution models to project distribution shifts for all Hawaiian forest bird species. We illustrate that, under a likely scenario of continued disease-driven distribution limitation, all 10 species with highly reliable models (mostly narrow-ranged, single-island endemics) are expected to lose >50% of their range by 2100. Of those, three are expected to lose all range and three others are expected to lose >90% of their range. Projected range loss was smaller for several of the more widespread species; however improved data and models are necessary to refine future projections. Like other at-risk species, Hawaiian forest birds have specific habitat requirements that limit the possibility of range expansion for most species, as projected expansion is frequently in areas where forest habitat is presently not available (such as recent lava flows). Given the large projected range losses for all species, protecting high elevation forest alone is not an adequate long-term strategy for many species under climate change. We describe the types of additional conservation actions practitioners will likely need to consider, while providing results to help with such considerations.
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bomass with spatial variability of soil field capacity","docAbstract":"Spatial variability in field soil properties is a challenge for system modelers who use single representative values, such as means, for model inputs, rather than their distributions. In this study, the root zone water quality model (RZWQM2) was first calibrated for 4 yr of maize (Zea mays L.) data at six irrigation levels in northern Colorado and then used to study spatial variability of soil field capacity (FC) estimated in 96 plots on maize yield and biomass. The best results were obtained when the crop parameters were fitted along with FCs, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 354 kg ha–1 for yield and 1202 kg ha–1 for biomass. When running the model using each of the 96 sets of field-estimated FC values, instead of calibrating FCs, the average simulated yield and biomass from the 96 runs were close to measured values with a RMSE of 376 kg ha–1 for yield and 1504 kg ha–1 for biomass. When an average of the 96 FC values for each soil layer was used, simulated yield and biomass were also acceptable with a RMSE of 438 kg ha–1 for yield and 1627 kg ha–1 for biomass. Therefore, when there are large numbers of FC measurements, an average value might be sufficient for model inputs. However, when the ranges of FC measurements were known for each soil layer, a sampled distribution of FCs using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) might be used for model inputs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/agronj2015.0206","usgsCitation":"Ma, L., Ahuja, L., Trout, T., Nolan, B.T., and Malone, R.W., 2015, Simulating maize yield and bomass with spatial variability of soil field capacity: Agronomy Journal, v. 108, no. 1, p. 171-184, https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2015.0206.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060069","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568e492ae4b0e7a44bc41a6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":6751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahuja, Lajpat","contributorId":100275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahuja","given":"Lajpat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trout, Thomas","contributorId":95785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trout","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malone, Robert W.","contributorId":10347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70158608,"text":"ds964 - 2015 - Public-supply water use in Kansas, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-24T10:29:28","indexId":"ds964","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-27T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"964","title":"Public-supply water use in Kansas, 2013","docAbstract":"This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Agriculture’s Division of Water Resources, presents derivative statistics of water used by Kansas public-supply systems in 2013. The published statistics from the previous 4 years (2009–12) are also shown with the 2013 statistics and are used to calculate a 5-year average. An overall Kansas average and regional averages also are calculated and presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds964","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Agriculture’s Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Lanning-Rush, J.L., and Eslick, P.J., 2015, Public-supply water use in Kansas, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data\nSeries 964, 46 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds964.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 46 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-067633","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310291,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0964/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310299,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0964/downloads/appendix2-non_primary_mun.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"33.8 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U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
http://ks.water.usgs.gov
The Mariana Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus guami) is a highly endangered taxon, with fewer than 300 individuals estimated to occur in the wild. The subspecies is believed to have undergone population declines attributable to loss of wetland habitats on its native islands in the Mariana Islands. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (control region and ND2 genes) and nuclear microsatellite loci in Mariana Common Moorhens from Guam and Saipan, the two most distal islands inhabited by the subspecies. Our analyses revealed similar nuclear genetic diversity and effective population size estimates on Saipan and Guam. Birds from Guam and Saipan were genetically differentiated (microsatellites: FST = 0.152; control region: FST = 0.736; ND2: FST= 0.390); however, assignment tests revealed the presence of first-generation dispersers from Guam onto Saipan (1 of 27 sampled birds) and from Saipan onto Guam (2 of 28 sampled birds), suggesting the capability for long-distance interpopulation movements within the subspecies. The observed dispersal rate was consistent with long-term estimates of effective numbers of migrants per generation between islands, indicating that movement between islands has been an ongoing process in this system. Despite known population declines, bottleneck tests revealed no signature of historical bottleneck events, suggesting that the magnitude of past population declines may have been comparatively small relative to the severity of declines that can be detected using genetic data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-15-42.1","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Mullins, T.D., Haig, S.M., Takano, L.L., and Garcia, K., 2015, Genetic structure, diversity, and interisland dispersal in the endangered Mariana Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus guami): The Condor, v. 117, no. 4, p. 660-669, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-15-42.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"660","endPage":"669","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064457","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471701,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-15-42.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F6FFRD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mariana common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus guami) blood and tissue sample collection data, 2000-2001"},{"id":310672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Guam, Saipan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 145.80711364746094,\n 15.294782590260944\n ],\n [\n 145.70823669433594,\n 15.221914134418109\n ],\n [\n 145.67733764648438,\n 15.117204423332618\n ],\n [\n 145.74600219726562,\n 15.084720636278325\n ],\n [\n 145.80299377441406,\n 15.166252139299058\n ],\n [\n 145.83938598632812,\n 15.275574270229807\n ],\n [\n 145.80711364746094,\n 15.294782590260944\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.84855651855466,\n 13.664002223865454\n ],\n [\n 144.788818359375,\n 13.523178603049868\n ],\n [\n 144.6954345703125,\n 13.481115555981754\n ],\n [\n 144.60548400878906,\n 13.452401604399896\n ],\n [\n 144.64393615722656,\n 13.400975000901058\n ],\n [\n 144.6233367919922,\n 13.341520159660119\n ],\n [\n 144.65904235839844,\n 13.257991471072014\n ],\n [\n 144.72564697265625,\n 13.239945499286312\n ],\n [\n 144.78057861328125,\n 13.294079395677374\n ],\n [\n 144.7949981689453,\n 13.40631853735722\n ],\n [\n 144.93301391601562,\n 13.518505297457194\n ],\n [\n 144.9721527099609,\n 13.610619236277133\n ],\n [\n 144.84855651855466,\n 13.664002223865454\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563092bae4b093cee78203ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark P. 0000-0003-1045-1772 mpmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-1772","contributorId":1967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - 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2015 - Photosynthetic and growth response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) mature trees and seedlings to calcium, magnesium, and nitrogen additions in the Catskill Mountains, NY, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T11:52:47","indexId":"70159385","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-27T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photosynthetic and growth response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) mature trees and seedlings to calcium, magnesium, and nitrogen additions in the Catskill Mountains, NY, USA","docAbstract":"Decline of sugar maple in North American forests has been attributed to changes in soil calcium (Ca) and nitrogen (N) by acidic precipitation. Although N is an essential and usually a limiting factor in forests, atmospheric N deposition may cause N-saturation leading to loss of soil Ca. Such changes can affect carbon gain and growth of sugar maple trees and seedlings. We applied a 22 factorial arrangement of N and dolomitic limestone containing Ca and Magnesium (Mg) to 12 forest plots in the Catskill Mountain region of NY, USA. To quantify the short-term effects, we measured photosynthetic-light responses of sugar maple mature trees and seedlings two or three times during two summers. We estimated maximum net photosynthesis (An-max) and its related light intensity (PAR at An-max), apparent quantum efficiency (Aqe), and light compensation point (LCP). To quantify the long-term effects, we measured basal area of living mature trees before and 4 and 8 years after treatment applications. Soil and foliar chemistry variables were also measured. Dolomitic limestone increased Ca, Mg, and pH in the soil Oe horizon. Mg was increased in the B horizon when comparing the plots receiving N with those receiving CaMg. In mature trees, foliar Ca and Mg concentrations were higher in the CaMg and N+CaMg plots than in the reference or N plots; foliar Ca concentration was higher in the N+CaMg plots compared with the CaMg plots, foliar Mg was higher in the CaMg plots than the N+CaMg plots; An-max was maximized due to N+CaMg treatment; Aqe decreased by N addition; and PAR at An-max increased by N or CaMg treatments alone, but the increase was maximized by their combination. No treatment effect was detected on basal areas of living mature trees four or eight years after treatment applications. In seedlings, An-max was increased by N+CaMg addition. The reference plots had an open herbaceous layer, but the plots receiving N had a dense monoculture of common woodfern in the forest floor, which can impede seedling survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0136148","usgsCitation":"Momen, B., Behling, S.J., Lawrence, G.B., and Sullivan, J., 2015, Photosynthetic and growth response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) mature trees and seedlings to calcium, magnesium, and nitrogen additions in the Catskill Mountains, NY, USA: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 8, e0136148: 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136148.","productDescription":"e0136148: 14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063530","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136148","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Catskill Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n \n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.28190112113953,\n 41.588349439776536\n ],\n [\n -74.28190112113953,\n 41.59220106153868\n ],\n [\n -74.276043176651,\n 41.59220106153868\n ],\n [\n -74.276043176651,\n 41.588349439776536\n ],\n [\n -74.28190112113953,\n 41.588349439776536\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563092bce4b093cee78203ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Momen, Bahram","contributorId":149419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Momen","given":"Bahram","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17728,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology Dept, University of MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behling, Shawna J","contributorId":149420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behling","given":"Shawna","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":17729,"text":"Plant Science & Landscape Architecture Dept, University of MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sullivan, Joseph H","contributorId":149421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Joseph H","affiliations":[{"id":17730,"text":"Plant Science & Landscape Architesture Dept, University of MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159386,"text":"70159386 - 2015 - Regional growth decline of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and its potential causes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T11:40:41","indexId":"70159386","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-27T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional growth decline of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and its potential causes","docAbstract":"Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) has experienced poor vigor, regeneration failure, and elevated mortality across much of its range, but there has been relatively little attention to its growth rates. Based on a well-replicated dendrochronological network of range-centered populations in the Adirondack Mountains (USA), which encompassed a wide gradient of soil fertility, we observed that the majority of sugar maple trees exhibited negative growth trends in the last several decades, regardless of age, diameter, or soil fertility. Such growth patterns were unexpected, given recent warming and increased moisture availability, as well as reduced acidic deposition, which should have favored growth. Mean basal area increment was greater on base-rich soils, but these stands also experienced sharp reductions in growth. Growth sensitivity of sugar maple to temperature and precipitation was non-stationary during the last century, with overall weaker relationships than expected. Given the favorable competitive status and age structure of the Adirondack sugar maple populations sampled, evidence of widespread growth reductions raises concern over this ecologically and economically important tree. Further study will be needed to establish whether growth declines of sugar maple are occurring more widely across its range.
A series of 10 digital flood-inundation maps were developed for a 3.3-mile reach of the North River in Colrain, Charlemont, and Shelburne, Massachusetts, by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The coverage of the maps extends from the confluence of the East and West Branch North Rivers to the Deerfield River. Peak-flow estimates at the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities were computed for the reach from updated flood-frequency analyses. These peak flows were routed through a one-dimensional step-backwater hydraulic model to obtain the corresponding peak water-surface elevations and to place the tropical storm Irene flood of August 28, 2011, into historical context. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the current [2015] stage-discharge relation at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgage North River at Shattuckville, MA (station number 01169000), and from documented high-water marks from the tropical storm Irene flood, which had a peak flow with approximately a 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability.
\nA hydraulic model was used to compute water-surface profiles for 10 flood stages referenced to the streamgage and ranging from 6.6 feet (ft; 464.5 ft North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [which is approximately bankfull]) to 18.3 ft (476.2 ft North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [which is the stage of the 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability peak flow and exceeds the maximum recorded water level at the streamgage and the National Weather Service major flood stage of 13.0 ft]. The mapped stages of 6.6 to 18.3 ft were selected to match the stages of flows for bankfull; the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities; and an incremental stage of 17.0 ft. The simulated water-surface profiles were combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data with a 0.5-ft vertical accuracy to create a set of flood-inundation maps.
\nThe availability of the flood-inundation maps, combined with information regarding near-real-time stage from the U.S. Geological Survey North River at Shattuckville, MA streamgage can provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, and postflood recovery efforts. The flood-inundation maps are nonregulatory, but provide Federal, State, and local agencies and the public with estimates of the potential extent of flooding during selected peak-flow events. Introduction
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., Lombard, P.J., and Dudley, R.W., 2015, Flood-inundation maps for the North River in Colrain, Charlemont, and Shelburne, Massachusetts, from the confluence of the East and West Branch North Rivers to the Deerfield River: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5108, 16 p., appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155108.","productDescription":"Report: v, 15 p.; Appendixes: 1-2; Application site; Metadata; Spacial data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-061968","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310349,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/sir20155108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310384,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_flood-inundation-gis.zip","text":"Flood Inundation - GIS","size":"4.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310385,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_flood-inundation-gis-metadata.xml","text":"Flood Inundation - GIS Metadata (xml)","size":"12.5 KB","description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310386,"rank":8,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://wimcloud.usgs.gov/apps/FIM/FloodInundationMapper.html","text":"Flood Inundation Mapper","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":310383,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_appendix2-shapefiles.zip","text":"Appendix 2 - Shapefiles","size":"31 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310382,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_appendix2-metadata.xml","text":"Appendix 2 - Metadata (xml)","size":"11.8 KB","description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310350,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/attachments/sir20155108_app1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"13.4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5108"},{"id":310629,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5108/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Colrain, Charlemont, Shelburne, Shattuckville","otherGeospatial":"North River, Deerfield River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.0810546875,\n 42.285437007491545\n ],\n [\n -72.421875,\n 42.285437007491545\n ],\n [\n -72.421875,\n 42.70665956351041\n ],\n [\n -73.0810546875,\n 42.70665956351041\n ],\n [\n -73.0810546875,\n 42.285437007491545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov/