Surface water quality was monitored at 19 stations (2-4 week intervals) in six drainage basins of Big Thicket National Preserve of east Texas between 1996 and 1999. The parameters monitored were temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, current speed, light attenuation, chlorophyll a and concentrations of ammonium, ortho-phosphate, nitrate and nitrite. The best water quality (low nutrients and chlorophyll a; no hypoxia) was found in the Big Sandy Creek, Turkey Creek and Village Creek systems. Water quality in the Neches River was also generally good except for instances of moderate algal blooms. The Pine Island Bayou system, however, typically showed poor water quality. Very low current velocities and high concentrations of nutrients promoted massive spring plankton blooms (chlorophyll a in excess of 100 μg L-1) and subsequent hypoxia/anoxia (dissolved oxygen less than 5 mg L-1). In this system, hypoxia occurred as early as April and as late as December.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rizzo, W., Rafferty, P., and Segura, M., 2000, Surface water quality of the major drainage basins of Big Thicket National Preserve: Texas Journal of Science, v. 52, no. 4, p. 79-92.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rizzo, W.M.","contributorId":104849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzo","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rafferty, P.","contributorId":98672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Segura, M.R.","contributorId":51244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segura","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022908,"text":"70022908 - 2000 - Geophysical evidence for the evolution of the California Inner Continental Borderland as a metamorphic core complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:04:46","indexId":"70022908","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical evidence for the evolution of the California Inner Continental Borderland as a metamorphic core complex","docAbstract":"We use new seismic and gravity data collected during the 1994 Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE) to discuss the origin of the California Inner Continental Borderland (ICB) as an extended terrain possibly in a metamorphic core complex mode. The data provide detailed crustal structure of the Borderland and its transition to mainland southern California. Using tomographic inversion as well as traditional forward ray tracing to model the wide-angle seismic data, we find little or no sediments, low (≤6.6 km/s) P wave velocity extending down to the crust-mantle boundary, and a thin crust (19 to 23 km thick). Coincident multichannel seismic reflection data show a reflective lower crust under Catalina Ridge. Contrary to other parts of coastal California, we do not find evidence for an underplated fossil oceanic layer at the base of the crust. Coincident gravity data suggest an abrupt increase in crustal thickness under the shelf edge, which represents the transition to the western Transverse Ranges. On the shelf the Palos Verdes Fault merges downward into a landward dipping surface which separates \"basement\" from low-velocity sediments, but interpretation of this surface as a detachment fault is inconclusive. The seismic velocity structure is interpreted to represent Catalina Schist rocks extending from top to bottom of the crust. This interpretation is compatible with a model for the origin of the ICB as an autochthonous formerly hot highly extended region that was filled with the exhumed metamorphic rocks. The basin and ridge topography and the protracted volcanism probably represent continued extension as a wide rift until ∼13 m.y. ago. Subduction of the young and hot Monterey and Arguello microplates under the Continental Borderland, followed by rotation and translation of the western Transverse Ranges, may have provided the necessary thermomechanical conditions for this extension and crustal inflow.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JB900318","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Zhang, J., Brocher, T.M., Okaya, D., Klitgord, K.D., and Fuis, G.S., 2000, Geophysical evidence for the evolution of the California Inner Continental Borderland as a metamorphic core complex: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B3, p. 5835-5857, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900318.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"5835","endPage":"5857","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jb900318","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"California Inner Continental Borderland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.26708984374999,\n 29.19053283229458\n ],\n [\n -112.21435546875,\n 29.19053283229458\n ],\n [\n -112.21435546875,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -121.26708984374999,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -121.26708984374999,\n 29.19053283229458\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2820e4b0c8380cd59e69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Jie","contributorId":44563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okaya, David A.","contributorId":76724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70022912,"text":"70022912 - 2000 - Sizes of prey consumed by two pelagic predators in US reservoirs: Implications for quantifying biomass of available prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022912","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sizes of prey consumed by two pelagic predators in US reservoirs: Implications for quantifying biomass of available prey","docAbstract":"Striped bass Morone saxatilis and hybrid bass M. saxatilis x M. chrysops have been stocked to establish fisheries in many US reservoirs, but success has been limited by a poor understanding of relations between prey biomass and predator growth and survival. To define sizes of prey that are morphologically available, we developed predictive relationships between predator length, mouth dimensions, and expected maximum prey size; predictions were then validated using published data on sizes of clupeid prey (Dorosoma spp.) in five US reservoirs. Further, we compared the biomass of prey considered available to predators using two forms of a length-based consumption model - a previously published AP/P ratio and a revised model based on our results. Predictions of maximum prey size using predator GW were consistent with observed prey sizes in US reservoirs. Length of consumed Dorosoma was significantly, but weakly, correlated with predator length in four of the five reservoirs (r2 = 0.006-0.336, P < 0.05). Model predictions of available prey biomass differed by as much as 800% between the original AP/P model and a revision based on our estimates of maximum available prey size. The revised model predicted less available prey biomass in cases where large Dorosoma (>150 mm TL) were abundant. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00108-3","issn":"01657836","usgsCitation":"Dennerline, D., and Van Den Avyle, M., 2000, Sizes of prey consumed by two pelagic predators in US reservoirs: Implications for quantifying biomass of available prey: Fisheries Research, v. 45, no. 2, p. 147-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00108-3.","startPage":"147","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208085,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00108-3"},{"id":233502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9124e4b08c986b319783","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennerline, D.E.","contributorId":30005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennerline","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Den Avyle, M.J.","contributorId":32117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Avyle","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022274,"text":"70022274 - 2000 - Simulated influences of Lake Agassiz on the climate of central North America 11,000 years ago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70022274","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated influences of Lake Agassiz on the climate of central North America 11,000 years ago","docAbstract":"Eleven thousand years ago, large lakes existed in central and eastern North America along the margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The large-scale North American climate at this time has been simulated with atmospheric general circulation models, but these relatively coarse global models do not resolve potentially important features of the mesoscale circulation that arise from interactions among the atmosphere, ice sheet, and proglacial lakes. Here we present simulations of the climate of central and eastern North America 11,000 years ago with a high-resolution, regional climate model nested within a general circulation model. The simulated climate is in general agreement with that inferred from palaeoecological evidence. Our experiments indicate that through mesoscale atmospheric feedbacks, the annual delivery of moisture to the Laurentide Ice Sheet was diminished at times of a large, cold Lake Agassiz relative to periods of lower lake stands. The resulting changes in the mass balance of the ice sheet may have contributed to fluctuations of the ice margin, thus affecting the routing of fresh water to the North Atlantic Ocean. A retreating ice margin during periods of high lake level may have opened an outlet for discharge of Lake Agassiz into the North Atlantic. A subsequent advance of the ice margin due to greater moisture delivery associated with a low lake level could have dammed the outlet, thereby reducing discharge to the North Atlantic. These variations may have been decisive in causing the Younger Dryas cold even.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/35012581","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., Bartlein, P., Clark, P., Small, E., and Solomon, A., 2000, Simulated influences of Lake Agassiz on the climate of central North America 11,000 years ago: Nature, v. 405, no. 6784, p. 334-337, https://doi.org/10.1038/35012581.","startPage":"334","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206592,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35012581"},{"id":230336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"405","issue":"6784","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fb2e4b08c986b3190b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, P.U.","contributorId":78449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"P.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Small, E.E.","contributorId":56403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Small","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Solomon, A.M.","contributorId":71721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022829,"text":"70022829 - 2000 - Multiple large earthquakes in the past 1500 years on a fault in metropolitan Manila, the Philippines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T18:53:19.35454","indexId":"70022829","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple large earthquakes in the past 1500 years on a fault in metropolitan Manila, the Philippines","docAbstract":"The first 14C-based paleoseismic study of an active fault in the Philippines shows that a right-lateral fault on the northeast edge of metropolitan Manila poses a greater seismic hazard than previously thought. Faulted hillslope colluvium, stream-channel alluvium, and debris-flow deposits exposed in trenches across the northern part of the west Marikina Valley fault record two or three surface-faulting events. Three eroded, clay-rich soil B horizons suggest thousands of years between surface faulting events, whereas 14C ages on detrital charcoal constrain the entire stratigraphic sequence to the past 1300–1700 years. We rely on the 14C ages to infer faulting recurrence of hundreds rather than thousands of years. Minimal soil development and modern 14C ages from colluvium overlying a faulted debris-flow deposit in a nearby stream exposure point to a historic age for a probable third or fourth (most recent) faulting event.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0119990002","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A., Personius, S., Rimando, R., Punongbayan, R., Tungol, N., Mirabueno, H., and Rasdas, A., 2000, Multiple large earthquakes in the past 1500 years on a fault in metropolitan Manila, the Philippines: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 1, p. 73-85, https://doi.org/10.1785/0119990002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"85","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1235772","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Philippines","city":"Manila","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 120.498046875,\n 14.187174718895449\n ],\n [\n 121.2286376953125,\n 14.187174718895449\n ],\n [\n 121.2286376953125,\n 14.897013355599636\n ],\n [\n 120.498046875,\n 14.897013355599636\n ],\n [\n 120.498046875,\n 14.187174718895449\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a606ee4b0c8380cd71457","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, A.R. 0000-0001-7117-7098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":55078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Personius, S. F. 0000-0001-8347-7370","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-7370","contributorId":31408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rimando, R.E.","contributorId":67695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rimando","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Punongbayan, R.S.","contributorId":89698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Punongbayan","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tungol, N.","contributorId":33494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tungol","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mirabueno, H.","contributorId":67258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirabueno","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rasdas, A.","contributorId":9038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasdas","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70022826,"text":"70022826 - 2000 - Quantitative model of the growth of floodplains by vertical accretion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T17:57:21.382456","indexId":"70022826","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative model of the growth of floodplains by vertical accretion","docAbstract":"A simple one-dimensional model is developed to quantitatively predict the change in elevation, over a period of decades, for vertically accreting floodplains. This unsteady model approximates the monotonic growth of a floodplain as an incremental but constant increase of net sediment deposition per flood for those floods of a partial duration series that exceed a threshold discharge corresponding to the elevation of the floodplain. Sediment deposition from each flood increases the elevation of the floodplain and consequently the magnitude of the threshold discharge resulting in a decrease in the number of floods and growth rate of the floodplain.
Floodplain growth curves predicted by this model are compared to empirical growth curves based on dendrochronology and to direct field measurements at five floodplain sites. The model was used to predict the value of net sediment deposition per flood which best fits (in a least squares sense) the empirical and field measurements; these values fall within the range of independent estimates of the net sediment deposition per flood based on empirical equations. These empirical equations permit the application of the model to estimate of floodplain growth for other floodplains throughout the world which do not have detailed data of sediment deposition during individual floods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(200002)25:2<115::AID-ESP46>3.0.CO;2-Z","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Troutman, B., 2000, Quantitative model of the growth of floodplains by vertical accretion: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 25, no. 2, p. 115-133, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(200002)25:2<115::AID-ESP46>3.0.CO;2-Z.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"133","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9226e4b0c8380cd806ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008191,"text":"1008191 - 2000 - Variability of bed mobility in natural, gravel‐bed channels and adjustments to sediment load at local and reach scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:46:57","indexId":"1008191","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of bed mobility in natural, gravel‐bed channels and adjustments to sediment load at local and reach scales","docAbstract":"Local variations in boundary shear stress acting on bed‐surface particles control patterns of bed load transport and channel evolution during varying stream discharges. At the reach scale a channel adjusts to imposed water and sediment supply through mutual interactions among channel form, local grain size, and local flow dynamics that govern bed mobility. In order to explore these adjustments, we used a numerical flow model to examine relations between model‐predicted local boundary shear stress (тj( and measured surface particle size (D50) at bank‐full discharge in six gravel‐bed, alternate‐bar channels with widely differing annual sediment yields. Values of тj and D50 were poorly correlated such that small areas conveyed large proportions of the total bed load, especially in sediment‐poor channels with low mobility. Sediment‐rich channels had greater areas of full mobility; sediment‐poor channels had greater areas of partial mobility; and both types had significant areas that were essentially immobile. Two reach‐mean mobility parameters (Shields stress and Q*) correlated reasonably well with sediment supply. Values which can be practicably obtained from carefully measured mean hydraulic variables and particle size would provide first‐order assessments of bed mobility that would broadly distinguish the channels in this study according to their sediment yield and bed mobility.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900238","usgsCitation":"Lisle, T.E., Nelson, J.M., Pitlick, J., Madej, M.A., and Barkett, B.L., 2000, Variability of bed mobility in natural, gravel‐bed channels and adjustments to sediment load at local and reach scales: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 12, p. 3743-3755, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900238.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3743","endPage":"3755","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900238","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688dc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisle, Thomas E.","contributorId":124570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lisle","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitlick, John","contributorId":168765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitlick","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25358,"text":"University of Colorado, Geography Dept., Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":316974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barkett, Brent L.","contributorId":124576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barkett","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022667,"text":"70022667 - 2000 - Detection of crystalline hematite mineralization on Mars by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer: evidence for near-surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T15:28:12","indexId":"70022667","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of crystalline hematite mineralization on Mars by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer: evidence for near-surface water","docAbstract":"The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument on the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) mission has discovered a remarkable accumulation of crystalline hematite (α-Fe2O3) that covers an area with very sharp boundaries approximately 350 by 350–750 km in size centered near 2°S latitude between 0° and 5°W longitude (Sinus Meridiani). Crystalline hematite is uniquely identified by the presence of fundamental vibrational absorption features centered near 300, 450, and >525 cm−1 and by the absence of silicate fundamentals in the 1000 cm−1 region. Spectral features resulting from atmospheric CO2, dust, and water ice were removed using a radiative transfer model. The spectral properties unique to Sinus Meridiani were emphasized by removing the average spectrum of the surrounding region. The depth and shape of the hematite fundamental bands show that the hematite is crystalline and relatively coarse grained (>5–10 μm). Diameters up to and greater than hundreds of micrometers are permitted within the instrumental noise and natural variability of hematite spectra. Hematite particles <5–10 μm in diameter (as either unpacked or hard-packed powders) fail to match the TES spectra. The spectrally derived areal abundance of hematite varies with particle size from ∼10% (>30 μm diameter) to 40–60% (10 μm diameter). The hematite in Sinus Meridiani is thus distinct from the fine-grained (diameter <5–10 μm), red, crystalline hematite considered, on the basis of visible, near-IR data, to be a minor spectral component in Martian bright regions like Olympus-Amazonis. Sinus Meridiani hematite is closely associated with a smooth, layered, friable surface that is interpreted to be sedimentary in origin. This material may be the uppermost surface in the region, indicating that it might be a late stage sedimentary unit or a layered portion of the heavily cratered plains units. We consider five possible mechanisms for the formation of coarse-grained, crystalline hematite. These processes fall into two classes depending on whether they require a significant amount of near-surface water: the first is chemical precipitation that includes origin by (1) precipitation from standing, oxygenated, Fe-rich water (oxide iron formations), (2) precipitation from Fe-rich hydrothermal fluids, (3) low-temperature dissolution and precipitation through mobile ground water leaching, and (4) formation of surface coatings, and the second is thermal oxidation of magnetite-rich lavas. Weathering and alteration processes, which produce nanophase and red hematite, are not consistent with the coarse, crystalline hematite observed in Sinus Meridiani. We prefer chemical precipitation models and favor precipitation from Fe-rich water on the basis of the probable association with sedimentary materials, large geographic size, distance from a regional heat source, and lack of evidence for extensive groundwater processes elsewhere on Mars. The TES results thus provide mineralogic evidence for probable large-scale water interactions. The Sinus Meridiani region may be an ideal candidate for future landed missions searching for biotic and prebiotic environments, and the physical characteristics of this site satisfy all of the engineering requirements for the missions currently planned.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JE001093","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Christensen, P.R., Bandfield, J., Clark, R.N., Edgett, K., Hamilton, V., Hoefen, T., Kieffer, H.H., Kuzmin, R., Lane, M.D., Malin, M.C., Morris, R., Pearl, J., Pearson, R., Roush, T.L., Ruff, S.W., and Smith, M.D., 2000, Detection of crystalline hematite mineralization on Mars by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer: evidence for near-surface water: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 105, no. E4, p. 9623-9642, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001093.","startPage":"9623","endPage":"9642","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999je001093","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278567,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001093"},{"id":233671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff72e4b0c8380cd4f1c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bandfield, J. L.","contributorId":59990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bandfield","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edgett, K.S.","contributorId":66028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgett","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, V.E.","contributorId":92024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoefen, T. 0000-0002-3083-5987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":49252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kuzmin, R.O.","contributorId":14932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lane, M. D.","contributorId":94826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Malin, M. C.","contributorId":68830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pearl, J.C.","contributorId":45074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Pearson, R.","contributorId":28494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Roush, T. L.","contributorId":77661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roush","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ruff, S. W.","contributorId":63136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70023099,"text":"70023099 - 2000 - Environmental history and tephrostratigraphy at Carp Lake, southwestern Columbia Basin, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023099","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Environmental history and tephrostratigraphy at Carp Lake, southwestern Columbia Basin, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Sediment cores from Carp Lake provide a pollen record of the last ca. 125,000 years that helps disclose vegetational and climatic conditions from the present day to the previous interglaciation (120-133 ka). The core also contained 15 tephra layers, which were characterised by electron-microprobe analysis of volcanic glass shards. Identified tephra include Mount St. Helens Ye, 3.69 ka; Mazama ash bed, 7.54 ka; Mount St. Helens layer C, 35-50 ka; an unnamed Mount St. Helens tephra, 75-150 ka; the tephra equivalent of layer E at Pringle Falls, Oregon, <218 ka; and an andesitic tephra layer similar to that at Tulelake, California, 174 ka. Ten calibrated radiocarbon ages and the ages of Mount St. Helens Ye, Mazama ash, and the unnamed Mount St. Helens tephra were used to develop an age-depth model. This model was refined by also incorporating the age of marine oxygen isotope stage (IS) boundary 4/5 (73.9 ka) and the age of IS-5e (125 ka). The justification for this age-model is based on an analysis of the pollen record and lithologic data. The pollen record is divided into 11 assemblage zones that describe alternations between periods of montane conifer forest, pine forest, and steppe. The previous interglacial period (IS-5e) supported temperate xerothermic forests of pine and oak and a northward and westward expansion of steppe and juniper woodland, compared to their present occurrence. The period from 83 to 117 ka contains intervals of pine forest and parkland alternating with pine-spruce forest, suggesting shifts from cold humid to cool temperate conditions. Between 73 and 83 ka, a forest of oak, hemlock, Douglas-fir, and fir was present that has no modem analogue. It suggests warm wet summers and cool wet winters. Cool humid conditions during the mid-Wisconsin interval supported mixed conifer forest with Douglas-fir and spruce. The glacial interval featured cold dry steppe, with an expansion of spruce in the late-glacial. Xerothermic communities prevailed in the early Holocene, when temperate steppe was widespread and the lake dried intermittently. The middle Holocene was characterised by ponderosa pine forest, and the modem vegetation was established in the last 3900 yr, when ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, fir, and oak were part of the local vegetation.","largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00092-9","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Whitlock, C., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., Bartlein, P., and Nickmann, R., 2000, Environmental history and tephrostratigraphy at Carp Lake, southwestern Columbia Basin, Washington, USA, in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 155, no. 1-2, p. 7-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00092-9.","startPage":"7","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208107,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00092-9"},{"id":233553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09cde4b0c8380cd5208a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitlock, C.","contributorId":105836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlock","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nickmann, R.J.","contributorId":12339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nickmann","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022943,"text":"70022943 - 2000 - Timing of the Acadian Orogeny in northern New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70022943","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing of the Acadian Orogeny in northern New Hampshire","docAbstract":"New U-Pb geochronology constrains the timing of the Acadian orogeny in the Central Maine Terrane of northern New Hampshire. Sixteen fractions of one to six grains each of zircon or monazite have been analyzed from six samples: (1) an early syntectonic diorite that records the onset of the Acadian, (2) a schist, a migmatite, and two granites that together record the peak of the Acadian; and (3) a postkinematic pluton that records the end of the Acadian. Zircon from the syntectonic Wamsutta Diorite gives a 207Pb/206Pb age of circa 408 Ma, the time at which the boundary between the deforming orogenic wedge and the foreland basin was in the vicinity of the Presidential Range. This age agrees well with the Emsian position of the northwest migrating Acadian orogenic front and records the beginning of the Acadian in this part of the Central Maine Terrane. We propose a possible Acadian tectonic model that incorporates the geochronologic, structural, and stratigraphic data. Monazite from the schist, migmatite, Bigelow Lawn Granite, and Slide Peak Granite gives 207Pb/206U ages, suggesting the peak of Acadian metamorphism and intrusion of two-mica granites occurred at circa 402-405 Ma, the main pulse of Acadian orogenesis. Previously reported monazite ages from schists that likely record the peak metamorphism in the Central Maine Terrane of New Hampshire and western Maine range from circa 406-384 Ma, with younger ages in southeastern New Hampshire and progressively older ages to the west, north, and northeast. Acadian orogenesis in the Presidential Range had ended by circa 355 Ma, the 207Pb/235U age of monazite from the Peabody River Granite. From 408 to perhaps at least 394 Ma, Acadian orogenesis in the Presidential Range was typical of the tectonic style, dominated by synkinematic metamorphism, seen in central and southern New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. From no earlier than 394 Ma to as late as 355 Ma, the orogenesis was typical of the style in parts of Maine dominated by postkinematic metamorphism.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/314396","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Eusden, J., Guzofski, C., Robinson, A., and Tucker, R.D., 2000, Timing of the Acadian Orogeny in northern New Hampshire: Journal of Geology, v. 108, no. 2, p. 219-232, https://doi.org/10.1086/314396.","startPage":"219","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208066,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/314396"},{"id":233464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3f7e4b08c986b3260d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eusden, J.D. Jr.","contributorId":14152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eusden","given":"J.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guzofski, C.A.","contributorId":29167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzofski","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, A.C.","contributorId":70409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucker, R. D.","contributorId":43409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008394,"text":"1008394 - 2000 - A dynamic landscape model for fish in the Everglades and its application to restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T12:49:12","indexId":"1008394","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A dynamic landscape model for fish in the Everglades and its application to restoration","docAbstract":"A model (ALFISH) for fish functional groups in freshwater marshes of the greater Everglades area of southern Florida has been developed. Its main objective is to assess the spatial pattern of fish densities through time across freshwater marshes. This model has the capability of providing a dynamic measure of the spatially-explicit food resources available to wading birds. ALFISH simulates two functional groups, large and small fish, where the larger ones can prey on the small fish type. Both functional groups are size-structured. The marsh landscape is modeled as 500×500 m spatial cells on a grid across southern Florida. A hydrology model predicts water levels in the spatial cells on 5-day time steps. Fish populations spread across the marsh during flooded conditions and either retreat into refugia (alligator ponds), move to other spatial cells, or die if their cell dries out. ALFISH has been applied to the evaluation of alternative water regulation scenarios under the Central and South Florida Comprehensive Project Review Study. The objective of this Review Study is to compare alternative methods for restoring historical ecological conditions in southern Florida. ALFISH has provided information on which plans are most are likely to increase fish biomass and its availability to wading bird populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00202-1","usgsCitation":"Gaff, H., DeAngelis, D., Gross, L., Salinas, R., and Shorrosh, M., 2000, A dynamic landscape model for fish in the Everglades and its application to restoration: Ecological Modelling, v. 127, no. 1, p. 33-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00202-1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aecc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaff, H.D.","contributorId":12424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaff","given":"H.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, L.J.","contributorId":65030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salinas, R.","contributorId":57804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salinas","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shorrosh, M.","contributorId":101611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shorrosh","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022926,"text":"70022926 - 2000 - Ground penetrating radar imaging of cap rock, caliche and carbonate strata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022926","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground penetrating radar imaging of cap rock, caliche and carbonate strata","docAbstract":"Field experiments show ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be used to image shallow carbonate stratigraphy effectively in a variety of settings. In south Florida, the position and structure of cap rock cover on limestone can be an important control on surface water flow and vegetation, but larger scale outcrops (tens of meters) of cap rock are sparse. GPR mapping through south Florida prairie, cypress swamp and hardwood hammock resolves variations in thickness and structure of cap rock to ~3 m and holds the potential to test theories for cap rock-vegetation relationships. In other settings, carbonate strata are mapped to test models for the formation of local structural anomalies. A test of GPR imaging capabilities on an arid caliche (calcrete) horizon in southeastern Nevada shows depth penetration to ~2 m with resolution of the base of caliche. GPR profiling also succeeds in resolving more deeply buried (~5 m) limestone discontinuity surfaces that record subaerial exposure in south Florida. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Field experiments show ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be used to image shallow carbonate stratigraphy effectively in a variety of settings. In south Florida, the position and structure of cap rock cover on limestone can be an important control on surface water flow and vegetation, but larger scale outcrops (tens of meters) of cap rock are sparse. GPR mapping through south Florida prairie, cypress swamp and hardwood hammock resolves variations in thickness and structure of cap rock to approx. 3 m and holds the potential to test theories for cap rock-vegetation relationships. In other settings, carbonate strata are mapped to test models for the formation of local structural anomalies. A test of GPR imaging capabilities on an arid caliche (calcrete) horizon in southeastern Nevada shows depth penetration to approx. 2 m with resolution of the base of caliche. GPR profiling also succeeds in resolving more deeply buried (approx. 5 m) limestone discontinuity surfaces that record subaerial exposure in south Florida.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","conferenceTitle":"7th International Conference on Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR '98)","conferenceDate":"27 May 1998 through 30 May 1998","conferenceLocation":"Lawrence, KS, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0926-9851(99)00062-2","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Kruse, S., Schneider, J., Campagna, D., Inman, J., and Hickey, T., 2000, Ground penetrating radar imaging of cap rock, caliche and carbonate strata, in Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 43, no. 2-4, Lawrence, KS, USA, 27 May 1998 through 30 May 1998, p. 239-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(99)00062-2.","startPage":"239","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208217,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(99)00062-2"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a9de4b0c8380cd5b2f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kruse, S.E.","contributorId":9029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, J.C.","contributorId":53566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campagna, D.J.","contributorId":22390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campagna","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Inman, J.A.","contributorId":91665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hickey, T.D.","contributorId":17803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022911,"text":"70022911 - 2000 - Nitrogen flux and sources in the Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T05:38:14","indexId":"70022911","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen flux and sources in the Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"Nitrogen from the Mississippi River Basin is believed to be at least partly responsible for the large zone of oxygen-depleted water that develops in the Gulf of Mexico each summer. Historical data show that concentrations of nitrate in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries have increased by factors of 2 to more than 5 since the early 1900s. We have used the historical streamflow and concentration data in regression models to estimate the annual flux of nitrogen (N) to the Gulf of Mexico and to determine where the nitrogen originates within the Mississippi Basin. Results show that for 1980–1996 the mean annual total N flux to the Gulf of Mexico was 1 568 000 t/year. The flux was approximately 61% nitrate as N, 37% organic N, and 2% ammonium as N. The flux of nitrate to the Gulf has approximately tripled in the last 30 years with most of the increase occurring between 1970 and 1983. The mean annual N flux has changed little since the early 1980s, but large year-to-year variations in N flux occur because of variations in precipitation. During wet years the N flux can increase by 50% or more due to flushing of nitrate that has accumulated in the soils and unsaturated zones in the basin. The principal source areas of N are basins in southern Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio that drain agricultural land. Basins in this region yield 800 to more than 3100 kg total N/km2 per year to streams, several times the N yield of basins outside this region. Assuming conservative transport of N in the Mississippi River, streams draining Iowa and Illinois contribute on average approximately 35% of the total N discharged by the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. In years with high precipitation they can contribute a larger percentage.
The rate and mechanism of nitrate removal along and between groundwater flow paths were investigated using a series of well nests screened in an unconfined sand and gravel aquifer. Intensive agricultural activity in this area has resulted in nitrate concentrations in groundwater often exceeding drinking water standards. Both the extent and rate of denitrification varied depending on the groundwater flow path. While little or no denitrification occurred in much of the upland portions of the aquifer, a gradual redox gradient is observed as aerobic upland groundwater moves deeper in the aquifer. In contrast, a sharp shallow redox gradient is observed adjacent to a third‐order stream as aerobic groundwater enters reduced sediments. An essentially complete loss of nitrate concurrent with increases in excess N2 provide evidence that denitrification occurs as groundwater enters this zone. Electron and mass balance calculations suggest that iron sulfide (e.g., pyrite) oxidation is the primary source of electrons for denitrification. Denitrification rate estimates were based on mass balance calculations using nitrate and excess N2 coupled with groundwater travel times. Travel times were determined using a groundwater flow model and were constrained by chlorofluorocarbon‐based age dates. Denitrification rates were found to vary considerably between the two areas where denitrification occurs. Denitrification rates in the deep, upland portions of the aquifer were found to range from <0.01 to 0.14 mM of N per year; rates at the redoxcline along the shallow flow path range from 1.0 to 2.7 mM of N per year. Potential denitrification rates in groundwater adjacent to the stream may be much faster, with rates up to 140 mM per year based on an in situ experiment conducted in this zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900035","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A.J., Liebscher, H., and Cox, S.E., 2000, Mechanism and rate of denitrification in an agricultural watershed: Electron and mass balance along groundwater flow paths: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1545-1559, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900035.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1545","endPage":"1559","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900035","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5360e4b0c8380cd6ca32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J. 0000-0003-4674-7364 tesorier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-7364","contributorId":2693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony","email":"tesorier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liebscher, Hugh","contributorId":25169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liebscher","given":"Hugh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Stephen E. 0000-0001-6614-8225 secox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6614-8225","contributorId":1642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Stephen","email":"secox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022868,"text":"70022868 - 2000 - Surface ages and resurfacing rates of the Polar Layered Deposits on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T16:26:36","indexId":"70022868","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface ages and resurfacing rates of the Polar Layered Deposits on Mars","docAbstract":"Interpretation of the polar stratigraphy of Mars in terms of global climate changes is complicated by the significant difference in surface ages between the north and south polar layered terrains inferred from crater statistics. We have reassessed the cratering record in both polar regions using Viking Orbiter and Mariner 9 images. No craters have been found in the north polar layered terrain, but the surface of most of the south polar layered deposits appears to have been stable for many of the orbital/axial cycles that are thought to have induced global climate changes on Mars. The inferred surface age of the south polar layered deposits (about 10 Ma) is two orders of magnitude greater than the surface age of the north polar layered deposits and residual cap (at most 100 ka). Similarly, modeled resurfacing rates are at least 20 times greater in the north than in the south. These results are consistent with the hypotheses that polar layered deposit resurfacing rates are highest in areas covered by perennial ice and that the differences in polar resurfacing rates result from the 6.4 km difference in elevation between the polar regions. Deposition on the portion of the south polar layered deposits that is not covered by the perennial ice cap may have ceased about 5 million years ago when the obliquity of Mars no longer exceeded 40°.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/icar.1999.6287","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Herkenhoff, K.E., and Plaut, J.J., 2000, Surface ages and resurfacing rates of the Polar Layered Deposits on Mars: Icarus, v. 144, no. 2, p. 243-253, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6287.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"144","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f86e4b08c986b31e64c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plaut, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":63516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plaut","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021946,"text":"70021946 - 2000 - Period doubling and other nonlinear phenomena in volcanic earthquakes and tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T16:04:09","indexId":"70021946","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Period doubling and other nonlinear phenomena in volcanic earthquakes and tremor","docAbstract":"Evidence of subharmonic period-doubling cascades has recently been recognized in seismograms of volcanic tremor from several volcanoes. This phenomenon occurs only in nonlinear systems, and is the commonest route by which such systems change from periodic to chaotic behavior. It is predicted to occur in a model of volcanic tremor excitation by flow-induced vibration, and it might well also occur in other volcano-seismic source process. If the possibility of period doubling is not taken into account in interpreting spectra of tremor and long-period earthquakes, then low-frequency \"sub-harmonic\" oscillations may be mis-identified as normal modes of a linear acoustic resonator, leading to errors of an order of magnitude or more in inferred magma-body dimensions. This example illustrates the importance of nonlinear phenomena in attempts to understand volcano-seismic phenomena physically. Linear systems are fundamentally incapable of causing earthquakes or exciting tremor, so nonlinearity is essential to any theory of volcano-seismic phenomena. Nonlinear processes are in many respects qualitatively different from linear ones. A few of their characteristics that might be relevant in volcanoes include the possibility: (1) that damping might increase, rather than decrease, oscillation frequencies; and (2) that these frequencies might be functions of the amplitude of oscillation, so that temporal variations in spectral peak frequencies might not be manifestations of changes of conditions within the magmatic system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00165-7","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Julian, B., 2000, Period doubling and other nonlinear phenomena in volcanic earthquakes and tremor: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 101, no. 1-2, p. 19-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00165-7.","startPage":"19","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206352,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00165-7"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7696e4b0c8380cd781d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022874,"text":"70022874 - 2000 - An in vivo model fish system to test chemical effects on sexual differentiation and development: exposure to ethinyl estradiol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:09:45","indexId":"70022874","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An in vivo model fish system to test chemical effects on sexual differentiation and development: exposure to ethinyl estradiol","docAbstract":"A model system was characterized which may be used as an in vivo screen for effects of chemicals or environmental mixtures on sexual differentiation and development of reproductive organs and gametes. We evaluated the effects of a model environmental estrogen, ethinyl estradiol (EE2), on the d-rR strain of medaka, Oryzias latipes, using a nano-injection exposure. Gonad histopathology indicated that a single injection of 0.5–2.5 ng EE2/egg can cause phenotypic sex-reversal of genetic males to females. Sex-reversals could be detected as early as 7 days post-hatch. Sex-reversed males had female-typical duct development and the secondary sex characteristics we measured were generally consistent with phenotype, with the exception of a few EE2-exposed XX and XY females which possessed ambiguous anal fins. Using discriminant analysis, we determined that the presence or absence of the secondary sex characteristic, a dorsal fin notch, was a very reliable indicator of gonadal sex. No instances of gonadal intersexes were observed. Ethinyl estradiol also appeared to reduce growth but not condition (weight-at-length) and exposed XX females appeared to have a higher incidence of atretic follicles relative to controls. Our results suggest that estrogenic chemicals may influence sexual differentiation and development and that the medaka model is well suited to assessing these effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0166-445X(99)00026-0","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Papoulias, D.M., Noltie, D.B., and Tillitt, D.E., 2000, An in vivo model fish system to test chemical effects on sexual differentiation and development: exposure to ethinyl estradiol: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 48, no. 1, p. 37-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(99)00026-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208083,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(99)00026-0"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea74e4b0c8380cd48893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noltie, Douglas B.","contributorId":70333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noltie","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016091,"text":"1016091 - 2000 - Holocene climate in the western Great Lakes national parks and lakeshores: Implications for future climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T16:18:21.222356","indexId":"1016091","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene climate in the western Great Lakes national parks and lakeshores: Implications for future climate change","docAbstract":"We reconstruct Holocene climate history (last 10,000 years) for each of the U.S. National Park Service units in the western Great Lakes region in order to evaluate their sensitivity to global warming. Annual precipitation, annual temperature, and July and January temperatures were reconstructed by comparing fossil pollen in lake sediment with pollen in surface samples, assuming that ancient climates were similar to modern climate near analogous surface samples. In the early Holocene, most of the parks experienced colder winters, warmer summers, and lower precipitation than today. An exception is Voyageurs National Park in northern Minnesota where, by 8000 years ago, January temperatures were higher than today. The combination of high mean annual temperature and lower precipitation at Voyageurs resulted in a dry period between 8000 and 5000 years ago, similar to the Prairie Period in regions to the south and west. A mid-Holocene warm-dry period also occurred at other northern and central parks but was much less strongly developed. In southern parks there was no clear evidence of a mid-Holocene warm-dry period. These differences suggest that global model predictions of a warm, dry climate in the northern Great Plains under doubled atmospheric CO2 may be more applicable to Voyageurs than to the other parks. The contrast in reconstructed temperatures at Voyageurs and Isle Royale indicates that the ameliorating effect of the Great Lakes on temperatures has been in effect throughout the Holocene and presumably will continue in the future, thus reducing the potential for species loss caused by future temperature extremes. Increased numbers of mesic trees at all of the parks in the late Holocene reflect increasing annual precipitation. This trend toward more mesic conditions began 6000 years ago in the south and 4000 years ago in the north and increased sharply in recent millennia at parks located today in lake-effect snow belts. This suggests that lake-effect snowfall is sensitive to continental-scale changes in climate and could be affected by future climate change. Plant and animal species sensitive to changes in the moisture regime could thus be endangered within the Great Lakes parks.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99219.x","usgsCitation":"Davis, M., Douglas, C., Cole, K., Winkler, M., and Flaknes, R., 2000, Holocene climate in the western Great Lakes national parks and lakeshores: Implications for future climate change: Conservation Biology, v. 14, no. 4, p. 968-983, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99219.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"968","endPage":"983","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Manitoba, 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policy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T19:09:39","indexId":"70022242","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3550,"text":"The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon","printIssn":"0894-802X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State geological surveys: Their growing national role in policy","docAbstract":"State geological surveys vary in organizational structure, but are political powers in the field of geology by virtue of their intimate knowledge of and involvement in legislative and political processes. Origins of state geological surveys lie in the recognition of society that settlement and prosperity depended on access to a variety of natural resources, resources that are most familiar to geologists. As the surveys adapt to modern societal pressures, making geology serve the public has become the new mission for many state geological surveys. Geologic mapping was the foundation of most early surveys, and the state surveys have brought mapping back into the public realm to meet today's challenges of growing population density, living environment desires, and resource access.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Compass","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0894802X","usgsCitation":"Gerhard, L.C., 2000, State geological surveys: Their growing national role in policy: The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, v. 75, no. 2-3, p. 42-44.","startPage":"42","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96c8e4b08c986b31b6ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerhard, L. 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