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Analysis of remotely sensed imagery indicates that nine lakes (&gt;10 ha) have drained in the 1,750 km<sup>2</sup> study area between 1955 and 2014. The most recent lake drainage was observed using <i>in situ</i> data loggers providing information on the duration and magnitude of the event, and a nearby weather station provided information on the environmental conditions preceding the lake drainage. Lake 195 (L195), an 80 ha thermokarst lake with an estimated water volume of ~872,000 m<sup>3</sup>, catastrophically drained on 05 July 2014. Abundant winter snowfall and heavy early summer precipitation resulted in elevated lake water levels that likely promoted bank overtopping, thermo-erosion along an ice-wedge network, and formation of a 9 m wide, 2 m deep, and 70 m long drainage gully. The lake emptied in 36 hours, with 75% of the water volume loss occurring in the first ten hours. The observed peak discharge of the resultant flood was 25 m<sup>3</sup>/s, which is similar to that in northern Alaska river basins whose areas are more than two orders of magnitude larger. Our findings support the catastrophic nature of sudden lake drainage events and the mechanistic hypotheses developed by J. Ross Mackay.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, Sussex, England","doi":"10.1002/ppp.1842","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., and Arp, C.D., 2015, Observing a catastrophic thermokarst lake drainage in northern Alaska: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, v. 26, no. 2, p. 119-128, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1842.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058922","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5523ae40e4b027f0aee3d141","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ppp.1842","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1842","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Jones Benjamin M., Arp Christopher D.","journalName":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","publicationDate":"3/23/2015","auditedOn":"9/9/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70141851,"text":"sir20155030 - 2015 - Hydrologic characteristics of low-impact stormwater control measures at two sites in northeastern Ohio, 2008-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-20T12:40:05","indexId":"sir20155030","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-20T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5030","title":"Hydrologic characteristics of low-impact stormwater control measures at two sites in northeastern Ohio, 2008-13","docAbstract":"<p><span>This report updates and examines hydrologic data gathered to characterize the performance of two stormwater-control measure (SCM) sites in the Chagrin River watershed, Ohio. At the Sterncrest Drive site, roadside bioswales and rain gardens were used to alleviate drainage problems in this residential neighborhood area. At the Washington Street site, a treatment train (including a pervious-paver system, rain garden, and bioswales) was used to reduce and delay stormwater runoff at a small business development. Selected metrics were used to demonstrate SCM system performance with regard to stormwater-management objectives at each site. Rain-garden overflow-frequency data collected at the Sterncrest Drive site during 2008&ndash;13 were used to characterize system sensitivity to rainfall characteristics. Approximately 70 percent of storms exceeding 0.75 inches during 3 hours or more resulted in overflows. Drainage-design features that may restrict flow through the system were identified. Overall, the data and local observations confirmed the continued success of the SCM at the Sterncrest Drive site in preventing roadway closure due to flooding. The additional years of data collected at the Washington Street site indicated that a previous analysis of increased runoff removal, based on only the first 2 years (2009&ndash;10) of data, provided premature conclusions. With 5 years of data (2009&ndash;13) and adjusting for changes in rainfall characteristics, it appears that the percentage of runoff removed by the system is decreasing; however, the lag time (time from onset of rainfall to runoff) has remained nearly constant. The annual mean percent removal for 2010&ndash;13 ranged from 55 to 37 percent with an overall mean of 45 percent, and this does meet the project objective of reducing runoff from the business complex. One possible explanation for the combination of increased volume of runoff and no change in the timing of runoff is the preferential flow paths developed in the SCM, increasing the capacity for internal drainage. Data indicated that the SCM system at the Washington Street site had reduced functionality over time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155030","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development","usgsCitation":"Darner, R.A., Shuster, W.D., and Dumouchelle, D.H., 2015, Hydrologic characteristics of low-impact stormwater control measures at two sites in northeastern Ohio, 2008-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5030, v, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155030.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056876","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155030.jpg"},{"id":298839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5030/"},{"id":298840,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5030/pdf/sir2015-5030.pdf","size":"3.69 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.47838592529297,\n              41.381703200976666\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.47838592529297,\n              41.45301999377133\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.34620666503906,\n              41.45301999377133\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.34620666503906,\n              41.381703200976666\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.47838592529297,\n              41.381703200976666\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550d369ce4b02e76d759d869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darner, Robert A. 0000-0003-1333-8265 radarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-8265","contributorId":1972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darner","given":"Robert","email":"radarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shuster, William D.","contributorId":139413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shuster","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dumouchelle, Denise H. ddumouch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumouchelle","given":"Denise","email":"ddumouch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70139410,"text":"sir20155013 - 2015 - Seismic-sequence stratigraphy and geologic structure of the Floridan aquifer system near \"Boulder Zone\" deep wells in Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-20T11:46:21","indexId":"sir20155013","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-20T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5013","title":"Seismic-sequence stratigraphy and geologic structure of the Floridan aquifer system near \"Boulder Zone\" deep wells in Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department, acquired, processed, and interpreted seismic-reflection data near the North and South District &ldquo;Boulder Zone&rdquo; Well Fields to determine if geologic factors may contribute to the upward migration of injected effluent into that upper part of the Floridan aquifer system designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as an underground source of drinking water. The depth of the Boulder Zone at the North and South District &ldquo;Boulder Zone&rdquo; Well Fields ranges from about 2,750 to 3,300 feet below land surface (ft bls), whereas overlying permeable zones used as alternative drinking water supply range in depth from about 825 to 1,580 ft bls at the North and South District &ldquo;Boulder Zone&rdquo; Well Fields. Seismic-sequence stratigraphy and geologic structures imaged on seismic-reflection profiles created for the study describe the part of the Floridan aquifer system overlying and within the Boulder Zone. Features of the Floridan aquifer system underlying the Boulder Zone were not studied because seismic-reflection profiles acquired near the North and South District &ldquo;Boulder Zone&rdquo; Well Fields lacked adequate resolution at such depths.</p>\n<p>Stratigraphic analysis of seismic-reflection data collected from the study area was mainly applied to the Floridan aquifer system and used to identify four provisional seismic sequences, which extend vertically from near the base of the Floridan aquifer system upward to the lower part of the intermediate confining unit. These four seismic sequences compose a framework in which each sequence includes a major permeable unit of the Floridan aquifer system; from shallowest to deepest, these units are the Upper Floridan aquifer, Avon Park permeable zone, uppermost major permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer, and Boulder Zone. The relations between seismic-sequence stratigraphy and hydrostratigraphy allow for detailed mapping of permeable zones and semiconfining units of the Floridan aquifer system at a level of resolution never before accomplished using well data alone.</p>\n<p>In addition to the preceding seismic-reflection analysis, interpretation of geophysical well log data from four effluent injection wells at the North District &ldquo;Boulder Zone&rdquo; Well Field delineated a narrow karst collapse structure beneath the injection facility that extends upward about 900 ft from the top of the Boulder Zone to about 125 ft above the top of the uppermost major permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer. No karst collapse structures were identified in the seismic-reflection profiles acquired near the North District &ldquo;Boulder Zone&rdquo; Well Field. However, karst collapse structures at the level of the lowermost major permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer at the South District &ldquo;Boulder Zone&rdquo; Well Field are present at three locations, as indicated by seismic-reflection data acquired in the C&ndash;1 Canal bordering the south side of the injection facility. Results from the North District &ldquo;Boulder Zone&rdquo; Well Field well data indicate that a plausible hydraulic connection between faults and stratiform permeability zones may contribute to the upward transport of effluent, terminating above the base of the deepest U.S. Environmental Protection Agency designated underground source of drinking water at the North District &ldquo;Boulder Zone&rdquo; Well Field.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, K.J., 2015, Seismic-sequence stratigraphy and geologic structure of the Floridan aquifer system near \"Boulder Zone\" deep wells in Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5013, Report: vii, 28 p.; 2 Plates: 48.00 x 36.00 inches and 35.86 x 31.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155013.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 28 p.; 2 Plates: 48.00 x 36.00 inches and 35.86 x 31.74 inches","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051033","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155013.jpg"},{"id":298833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5013/"},{"id":298834,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5013/pdf/sir2015-5013.pdf","size":"26.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298835,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5013/plates/sir2015-5013_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1 - Seismic-Reflection Sections","size":"46.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298836,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5013/plates/sir2015-5013_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2 - Hydrologic, Lithostratigraphic, Seismic Sequence","size":"6.48 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.37374496459961,\n              25.51161554418656\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37374496459961,\n              25.577595037553998\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.27812957763672,\n              25.577595037553998\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.27812957763672,\n              25.51161554418656\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37374496459961,\n              25.51161554418656\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.20877838134766,\n              25.89412921721991\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.20877838134766,\n              25.992921085153892\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.07282257080078,\n              25.992921085153892\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.07282257080078,\n              25.89412921721991\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.20877838134766,\n              25.89412921721991\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550d369de4b02e76d759d86b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. 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,{"id":70138970,"text":"ofr20151005 - 2015 - Community for Data Integration 2013 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-20T10:36:08","indexId":"ofr20151005","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-20T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1005","title":"Community for Data Integration 2013 Annual Report","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts earth science to help address complex issues affecting society and the environment. In 2006, the USGS held the first Scientific Information Management Workshop to bring together staff from across the organization to discuss the data and information management issues affecting the integration and delivery of earth science research and investigate the use of &ldquo;communities of practice&rdquo; as mechanisms to share expertise about these issues. Out of this effort emerged the Council for Data Integration, which was conceived as an official organizational function that would help guide data integration activities and formalize communities of practice into working groups. However by 2009, it became apparent that many members of the council had an interest in developing data integration solutions and sharing expertise in a less formal grassroots perspective, thus transforming the &ldquo;Council&rdquo; into a &ldquo;Community&rdquo; for Data Integration (CDI). Today, the CDI represents a dynamic community of practice focused on advancing science data and information management and integration capabilities across the USGS and the CDI community.</p>\n<p>The CDI fosters an environment for collaboration and sharing by bringing together expertise from external partners and representatives across USGS who are involved in research, data management, and information technology. Membership is voluntary and open to USGS employees and other individuals and organizations willing to contribute to the community (if interested, contact cdi@usgs.gov). The purpose of the CDI is to</p>\n<ul>\n<li>advance understanding of Earth systems through enhanced use of data and information including associated tools and techniques</li>\n<li>provide a forum for people doing work with data integration to come together to share ideas as well as learn new skills and techniques, and</li>\n<li>grow overall USGS capabilities with data and information by increasing visibility of the work of many people throughout the USGS and the CDI community.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>To achieve these goals, the CDI operates within four applied areas: monthly forums, annual workshop/webinar series, working groups, and projects. The monthly forums, also known as the Opportunity/Challenge of the Month, provide an open dialogue to share and learn about data integration efforts or to present problems that invite the Community to offer solutions, advice, and support. Since 2010, the CDI has also sponsored annual workshops/webinar series to encourage the exchange of ideas, sharing of activities, presentations of current projects, and networking among members. Stemming from common interests, the working groups are focused on efforts to address data management and technical 2 challenges, including the development of standards and tools, improving interoperability and information infrastructure, and data preservation within USGS and its partners. The growing support for the activities of the working groups led to the CDI&rsquo;s first formal request for proposals (RFP) process in 2013 to fund projects that produced tangible products. Today the CDI continues to hold an annual RFP that create data management tools and practices, collaboration tools, and training in support of data integration and delivery.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151005","usgsCitation":"Chang, M.Y., Carlino, J., Barnes, C., Blodgett, D.L., Bock, A.R., Everette, A.L., Fernette, G., Flint, L.E., Gordon, J.M., Govoni, D.L., Hay, L.E., Henkel, H., Hines, M., Holl, S.L., Homer, C.G., Hutchison, V., Ignizio, D., Kern, T., Lightsom, F.L., Markstrom, S., O’Donnell, M.S., Schei, J.L., Schmid, L.A., Schoephoester, K.M., Schweitzer, P.N., Skagen, S.K., Sullivan, D.J., Talbert, C., and Warren, M.P., 2015, Community for Data Integration 2013 Annual Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1005, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151005.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057786","costCenters":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151005.jpg"},{"id":298829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1005/"},{"id":298830,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1005/pdf/ofr2015-1005.pdf","size":"2.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550d3698e4b02e76d759d864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Michelle Y. mchang@usgs.gov","contributorId":5880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Michelle","email":"mchang@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlino, Jennifer jcarlino@usgs.gov","contributorId":5881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlino","given":"Jennifer","email":"jcarlino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5076,"text":"Federal Geographic Data Committee","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, Christopher 0000-0002-4608-4364 barnes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-4364","contributorId":3617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Christopher","email":"barnes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blodgett, David L. 0000-0001-9489-1710 dblodgett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-1710","contributorId":3868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"David","email":"dblodgett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bock, Andrew R. 0000-0001-7222-6613 abock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7222-6613","contributorId":4580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bock","given":"Andrew","email":"abock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Everette, Anthony L. 0000-0003-2539-9129 everettel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2539-9129","contributorId":4905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everette","given":"Anthony","email":"everettel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fernette, Gregory L. gfernette@usgs.gov","contributorId":4224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernette","given":"Gregory L.","email":"gfernette@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gordon, Janice M. janicegordon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Janice","email":"janicegordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Govoni, David L. dgovoni@usgs.gov","contributorId":5192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Govoni","given":"David","email":"dgovoni@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5071,"text":"Office of Administration","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Henkel, Heather S. hhenkel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henkel","given":"Heather S.","email":"hhenkel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hines, Megan 0000-0002-9845-4849 mhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9845-4849","contributorId":4783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Megan","email":"mhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Holl, Sally L. sholl@usgs.gov","contributorId":4464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holl","given":"Sally","email":"sholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Hutchison, Vivian B. 0000-0001-5301-3698 vhutchison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5301-3698","contributorId":5100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchison","given":"Vivian B.","email":"vhutchison@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Ignizio, Drew A. 0000-0001-8054-5139 dignizio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-5139","contributorId":4822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignizio","given":"Drew A.","email":"dignizio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Kern, Tim J. kernt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Tim J.","email":"kernt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Lightsom, Frances L. 0000-0003-4043-3639 flightsom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-3639","contributorId":1535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsom","given":"Frances","email":"flightsom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"O’Donnell, Michael S. 0000-0002-3488-003X odonnellm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-003X","contributorId":3351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Michael","email":"odonnellm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Schei, Jacquelyn L. jschei@usgs.gov","contributorId":3394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schei","given":"Jacquelyn","email":"jschei@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":542987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Schmid, Lorna A. lorna@usgs.gov","contributorId":184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmid","given":"Lorna","email":"lorna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5076,"text":"Federal Geographic Data Committee","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Schoephoester, Kathryn M. kmschoep@usgs.gov","contributorId":5725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoephoester","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmschoep@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Schweitzer, Peter N. pschweitzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":5905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweitzer","given":"Peter","email":"pschweitzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Sullivan, Daniel J. 0000-0003-2705-3738 djsulliv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-3738","contributorId":1703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Daniel","email":"djsulliv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Talbert, Colin talbertc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Colin","email":"talbertc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Warren, Meredith Pavlick mwarren@usgs.gov","contributorId":5384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Meredith","email":"mwarren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Pavlick","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29}]}}
,{"id":70135764,"text":"sir20145228 - 2015 - Geophysical log analysis of selected test and residential wells at the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site, East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-20T09:35:52","indexId":"sir20145228","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-20T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5228","title":"Geophysical log analysis of selected test and residential wells at the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site, East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed geophysical logs from 20 test wells and 23 residential wells at the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site in East Fishkill, New York, from 2006 through 2010 as part of an Interagency Agreement to provide hydrogeologic technical support to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2. The geophysical logs collected include caliper, gamma, acoustic and optical televiewer, deviation, electromagnetic-induction, magnetic-susceptibility, fluid-property, and flow under ambient and pumped conditions. The geophysical logs were analyzed along with single-well aquifer test data and drilling logs to characterize the lithology, fabric, fractures, and flow zones penetrated by the wells. The results of the geophysical log analysis were used as part of the hydrogeologic characterization of the site and in the design of discrete-zone monitoring installations in the test wells and selected residential wells.</p>\n<p>Most of the logged test and residential wells penetrated gneiss of the Hudson Highlands Complex or dolostones in the Wappinger Group, and some wells penetrated both the dolostone and gneiss. The bedrock fabric reflects the regional northeast-southwest structural trend, as well as localized folding, and includes foliation in the gneiss and bedding in the dolostone. Many fractures were oriented along the bedrock fabric, whereas others were orthogonal to the fabric.</p>\n<p>Total wellbore transmissivity of the wells was estimated from short-term, single-well aquifer test data through the use of the Cooper-Jacob analytical solution. An empirical relation was established to estimate total wellbore transmissivity from specific-capacity data for wells with insufficient transient drawdown measurements. Wellbore transmissivity estimates ranged from 0.36 to 370 feet squared per day (ft<sup>2</sup>/d), whereas specific capacities ranged from 0.03 to 2.1 gallons per minute per foot ((gal/min)/ft).</p>\n<p>Transmissivity and hydraulic heads of individual fracture zones were estimated from the total wellbore transmissivity and flow logs through use of an analytical model based on the Thiem equation. The model-estimated transmissivity of 95 fracture zones delineated in the 43 wells ranged from 0.25 to 340 ft<sup>2</sup>/d, with a median value of 6.7 ft<sup>2</sup>/d. The difference between model-estimated fracture-zone heads and the composite heads in each well ranged from less 0.01 to more than 10 feet (ft). Flow-log analysis generally provided an order of magnitude estimate for the fracture-zone hydraulic-head difference on the basis of a comparison of estimated and measured values.</p>\n<p>The geophysical logs and their analyses are available for display and download from the U.S. Geological Survey, New York Water Science Center, online geophysical log archive (<a href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/maps/geologs/\">http://ny.water.usgs.gov/maps/geologs/</a>) in LAS (Log ASCII Standard), PDF, and WellCad formats.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.J., Anderson, J.A., and Williams, J., 2015, Geophysical log analysis of selected test and residential wells at the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site, East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5228, Report: viii, 30 p.; Geophysical Log Archive; WellCad reader download, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145228.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 30 p.; Geophysical Log Archive; WellCad reader download","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042201","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145228.jpg"},{"id":298824,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5228/pdf/sir2014-5228.pdf","size":"2.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298825,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://ny.water.usgs.gov/maps/geologs/","text":"Geophysical Log Archive","linkHelpText":"The USGS New York Water Science Center has developed an online geophysical log archive where the logs and log analysis of the Shenandoah Road Superfund site wells, as well as many others throughout the State, can be viewed or downloaded."},{"id":298823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5228/"},{"id":298826,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://www.alt.lu/downloads.htm","text":"WellCad reader download","linkHelpText":"The locations of the Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site wells are shown on the index map. The user can zoom-in to the well cluster located just east of Fishkill, N.Y., to expand the view of the wells logged.  Clicking on an individual well will bring up a menu of the available log formats, which are LAS, PDF, and WellCad Reader. WellCad Reader is available online free of charge."}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Dutchess County","city":"East Fishkill","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah Road National Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.80074501037598,\n              41.5186034007529\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.80074501037598,\n              41.545075129729334\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.7743091583252,\n              41.545075129729334\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.7743091583252,\n              41.5186034007529\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.80074501037598,\n              41.5186034007529\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550d369be4b02e76d759d867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, J. Alton aanders@usgs.gov","contributorId":1602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"aanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alton","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, John 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70142770,"text":"fs20153023 - 2015 - Contaminant removal by wastewater treatment plants in the Stillaguamish River Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-20T08:39:58","indexId":"fs20153023","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-20T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3023","title":"Contaminant removal by wastewater treatment plants in the Stillaguamish River Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>Human activities in most areas of the developed world typically release nutrients, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, and other contaminants into the environment, many of which reach freshwater ecosystems. In urbanized areas, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are critical facilities for collecting and reducing the amounts of wastewater contaminants (WWCs) that ultimately discharge to rivers, coastal areas, and groundwater. Most WWTPs use multiple methods to remove contaminants from wastewater. These include physical methods to remove solid materials (primary treatment), biological and chemical methods to remove most organic matter (secondary treatment), advanced methods to reduce the concentrations of various contaminants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and (or) synthetic organic compounds (tertiary treatment), and disinfection prior to discharge (Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., 1979). This study examined the extent to which 114 organic WWCs were removed by each of three WWTPs, prior to discharge to freshwater and marine ecosystems, in a rapidly developing area in northwestern Washington State. Removal percentages for each WWC were estimated by comparing the concentrations measured in the WWTP influents with those measured in the effluents. The investigation was carried out in the 700-mi</span><sup>2</sup><span>Stillaguamish River Basin, the fifth largest watershed that discharges to Puget Sound (fig. 1).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153023","usgsCitation":"Barbash, J.E., Moran, P.W., Wagner, R.J., and Wolanek, M., 2015, Contaminant removal by wastewater treatment plants in the Stillaguamish River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3023, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153023.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057746","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science 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,{"id":70144305,"text":"70144305 - 2015 - A review of infectious agents in polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) and their long-term ecological relevance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-09T10:27:07","indexId":"70144305","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1443,"text":"EcoHealth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of infectious agents in polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) and their long-term ecological relevance","docAbstract":"<p><span>Disease was a listing criterion for the polar bear (</span><i class=\"a-plus-plus\">Ursus maritimus</i><span>) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 2008; it is therefore important to evaluate the current state of knowledge and identify any information gaps pertaining to diseases in polar bears. We conducted a systematic literature review focused on infectious agents and associated health impacts identified in polar bears. Overall, the majority of reports in free-ranging bears concerned serosurveys or fecal examinations with little to no information on associated health effects. In contrast, most reports documenting illness or pathology referenced captive animals and diseases caused by etiologic agents not representative of exposure opportunities in wild bears. As such, most of the available infectious disease literature has limited utility as a basis for development of future health assessment and management plans. Given that ecological change is a considerable risk facing polar bear populations, future work should focus on cumulative effects of multiple stressors that could impact polar bear population dynamics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10393-015-1023-6","usgsCitation":"Fagre, A., Patyk, K.A., Nol, P., Atwood, T.C., Hueffer, K., and Duncan, C.G., 2015, A review of infectious agents in polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) and their long-term ecological relevance: EcoHealth, v. 12, no. 3, p. 528-539, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-015-1023-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"528","endPage":"539","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056756","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55167f29e4b0323842781aed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fagre, Anna C.","contributorId":139937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fagre","given":"Anna C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patyk, Kelly A.","contributorId":139696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patyk","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nol, Pauline","contributorId":34053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nol","given":"Pauline","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hueffer, Karsten","contributorId":139938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hueffer","given":"Karsten","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duncan, Colleen G.","contributorId":15512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duncan","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70135798,"text":"sir20145234 - 2015 - Assessment of the use of sorbent amendments for reduction of mercury methylation in wetland sediments at Acadia National Park, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-17T10:54:03","indexId":"sir20145234","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-19T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5234","title":"Assessment of the use of sorbent amendments for reduction of mercury methylation in wetland sediments at Acadia National Park, Maine","docAbstract":"<p>Mercury is a contaminant of ecological concern because of its ubiquity and toxicity to fish and wildlife, and is considered a severe and ongoing threat to biota at Acadia National Park in Maine. The formation and biomagnification of methylmercury is the primary concern of resource managers at Acadia, and information is needed to develop strategies for remediation or mitigation of this contaminant. The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with Acadia National Park, National Park Service carried out a series of laboratory and field experiments to evaluate the potential of zero-valent iron and granular activated carbon to reduce the rate of the bacterially mediated process of mercury methylation and subsequent biological uptake by the great pond snail <i>Lymnaea stagnalis</i>. The addition of zero-valent iron resulted in an increase in ferrous iron that was then further oxidized to poorly crystalline amorphous ferric iron, as was anticipated. Our original hypothesis was that these reactions would reduce methylation by decreasing the concentrations of substrates for bacterial methylation (sulfide and divalent mercury) through sorption to ferric iron surfaces, formation of iron sulfide compounds, or conversion of mercury to gaseous forms and subsequent evasion. The results of our experiments did not consistently support this hypothesis. In one experiment the application of zero-valent iron increased the amount of methylmercury associated with surficial sediment. In another experiment zero-valent iron decreased the amount of methylmercury associated with surficial sediment. The addition of zero-valent iron may have stimulated mercury methylation by iron reducing bacteria and if that effect outweighed the processes that could have decreased methylation then methylation would not be decreased.</p>\n<p>The results of field mesocosm experiments indicated that there was a decreasing trend in pore-water methylmercury concentration after application of granular activated carbon but methylation was not affected because there was no corresponding decrease in sediment methylmercury concentration. The application of granular activated carbon resulted in the sorption of methylmercury. The application of granular activated carbon resulted in an increase in the distribution coefficient for methylmercury indicating that this amendment caused a higher proportion of methylmercury to be associated with the sediment than the pore water in comparison to the reference (untreated) condition. Experiments to test whether zero-valent iron or granular activated carbon would reduce the biouptake of methylmercury in snails were inconsistent; zero-valent iron had no effect on uptake in one experiment but resulted in a significant decrease in uptake in a second experiment. Granular activated carbon did not affect biouptake in either experiment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., Lewis, A., Amirbahman, A., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., and Culbertson, C.W., 2015, Assessment of the use of sorbent amendments for reduction of mercury methylation in wetland sediments at Acadia National Park, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5234, ix, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145234.","productDescription":"ix, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056940","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298773,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145234.jpg"},{"id":298772,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5234/pdf/sir2014-5234.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5234/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Acadia National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -68.40319633483885,\n              44.334347121728534\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.39469909667969,\n              44.33446990650702\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.38886260986328,\n              44.330479269611885\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.38148117065428,\n              44.32397087926596\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.37787628173827,\n              44.31604931683517\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.37770462036133,\n              44.313408558353835\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.3847427368164,\n              44.31132043263459\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.39298248291014,\n              44.31389987125513\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.39521408081055,\n              44.31426835323179\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.39718818664551,\n              44.31561943401762\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.39838981628418,\n              44.31571155202936\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.40173721313477,\n              44.31353138696479\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.40680122375487,\n              44.3123645047812\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.40688705444336,\n              44.318137274295545\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.40465545654297,\n              44.31936544986048\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.40499877929688,\n              44.32691816435907\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.40319633483885,\n              44.334347121728534\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550be518e4b02e76d759cdc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, Ariel","contributorId":131004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Ariel","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amirbahman, Aria","contributorId":44031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amirbahman","given":"Aria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70143356,"text":"70143356 - 2015 - Direct detection of fungal siderophores on bats with white-nose syndrome via fluorescence microscopy-guided ambient ionization mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T13:55:55","indexId":"70143356","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-19T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct detection of fungal siderophores on bats with white-nose syndrome via fluorescence microscopy-guided ambient ionization mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p><span>White-nose syndrome (WNS) caused by the pathogenic fungus&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudogymnoascus destructans</i><span>&nbsp;is decimating the populations of several hibernating North American bat species. Little is known about the molecular interplay between pathogen and host in this disease. Fluorescence microscopy ambient ionization mass spectrometry was used to generate metabolic profiles from the wings of both healthy and diseased bats of the genus&nbsp;</span><i>Myotis</i><span>. Fungal siderophores, molecules that scavenge iron from the environment, were detected on the wings of bats with WNS, but not on healthy bats. This work is among the first examples in which microbial molecules are directly detected from an infected host and highlights the ability of atmospheric ionization methodologies to provide direct molecular insight into infection.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0119668","usgsCitation":"Mascuch, S.J., Moree, W.J., Cheng-Chih Hsu, C., Turner, G.G., Cheng, T.L., Blehert, D., Kilpatrick, A.M., Frick, W., Meehan, M.J., Dorrestein, P.C., and Gerwick, L., 2015, Direct detection of fungal siderophores on bats with white-nose syndrome via fluorescence microscopy-guided ambient ionization mass spectrometry: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 3, e0119668: 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119668.","productDescription":"e0119668: 12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057083","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119668","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.6171875,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6171875,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.81689453125,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.81689453125,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6171875,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550be51be4b02e76d759cdca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mascuch, Samantha J.","contributorId":139716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mascuch","given":"Samantha","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12888,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moree, Wilna J.","contributorId":139717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moree","given":"Wilna","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12889,"text":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng-Chih Hsu, Cheng-Chih","contributorId":139718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng-Chih Hsu","given":"Cheng-Chih","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12890,"text":"Dept of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Univ of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Gregory G.","contributorId":139719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12891,"text":"Pennsylvania Game Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cheng, Tina L.","contributorId":139720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"Tina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12892,"text":"Dept of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Univ of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":127747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David S.","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kilpatrick, A. 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,{"id":70142754,"text":"ofr20151043 - 2015 - Surface and subsurface microgravity data in the vicinity of Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-19T11:57:37","indexId":"ofr20151043","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-19T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1043","title":"Surface and subsurface microgravity data in the vicinity of Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Absolute gravity data were collected at 32 stations in the vicinity of the Sanford Underground Research Facility from 2007 through 2014 for the purpose of monitoring groundwater storage change during dewatering of the former Homestake gold mine in the Black Hills of South Dakota, the largest and deepest underground mine in North America. Eight underground stations are at depths from 300 feet below land surface to 4,850 feet below land surface. Surface stations were located using Global Positioning System observations, and subsurface stations were located on the basis of maps constructed from survey measurements made while the mine was in operation. Gravity varies widely at many stations; however, no consistent temporal trends are present across all stations during the 7-year period of data collection.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151043","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, J.R., Koth, K.R., and Carruth, R., 2015, Surface and subsurface microgravity data in the vicinity of Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1043, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151043.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062938","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298757,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151043.jpg"},{"id":298755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1043/"},{"id":298756,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1043/downloads/OFR2015-1043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Lead","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.90869140625,\n              44.286502899553156\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.90869140625,\n              44.42397290075389\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.63128662109375,\n              44.42397290075389\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.63128662109375,\n              44.286502899553156\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.90869140625,\n              44.286502899553156\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550be51be4b02e76d759cdce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koth, Karl R. kkoth@usgs.gov","contributorId":4817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koth","given":"Karl","email":"kkoth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carruth, Rob 0000-0001-7008-2927 rlcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-2927","contributorId":1162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carruth","given":"Rob","email":"rlcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70135264,"text":"sir20145230 - 2015 - Barite: a case study of import reliance on an essential material for oil and gas exploration and development drilling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-19T16:19:54","indexId":"sir20145230","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-19T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5230","title":"Barite: a case study of import reliance on an essential material for oil and gas exploration and development drilling","docAbstract":"<p>Global dependence on a limited number of countries for specific mineral commodities could lead to sudden supply disruptions for the United States, and barite is one such commodity. Analyses of barite supply amounts and sources for the United States are demonstrative of mineral commodities on which the country is import reliant. Mineral commodity trade flows can be analyzed more easily than import reliances for commodities in which U.S. domestic demand is primarily met by materials contained within manufactured products, as with the rare-earth elements in cellular phones and computers. Barite plays an essential role as a weighting material in drilling muds used in oil and gas drilling, primarily to prevent the explosive release of gas and oil during drilling. The Nation&rsquo;s efforts to become more energy independent are based largely on the domestic oil and gas industry&rsquo;s ability to explore and develop onshore and offshore fuel deposits. These activities include increased efforts by the United States to locate and recover oil and gas within unconventional deposits, such as those in the Bakken, Eagle Ford, and Marcellus Formations, using advanced drilling technologies.</p>\n<p>Domestic barite production was about 670,000 metric tons (t) in 2012, equivalent to about 20 percent of the domestic drilling industry&rsquo;s barite demand. Mine production for the United States in 2012 was about one-third of what was produced in 1980. In 2012, barite imported from China was approximately 2.2 million t and comprised about 77 percent of total barite imports and about 70 percent of the barite used in domestic drilling. Barite from India (14 percent), Morocco (6 percent) and Mexico (2 percent) comprised the bulk of the remaining total import balance; drilling applications consumed nearly all barite imported from these three countries.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145230","usgsCitation":"Bleiwas, D.I., and Miller, M.M., 2015, Barite: a case study of import reliance on an essential material for oil and gas exploration and development drilling: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5230, iii, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145230.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057767","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5230/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":298752,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5230/"},{"id":298753,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5230/pdf/sir2014-5230.pdf","text":"Report","size":"551 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550be51ae4b02e76d759cdc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bleiwas, Donald I. bleiwas@usgs.gov","contributorId":1434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleiwas","given":"Donald","email":"bleiwas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. Michael mmiller1@usgs.gov","contributorId":2018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"mmiller1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70146538,"text":"70146538 - 2015 - Chemical variations in Yellowknife Bay formation sedimentary rocks analyzed by ChemCam on board the Curiosity rover on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-22T15:29:41","indexId":"70146538","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-19T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical variations in Yellowknife Bay formation sedimentary rocks analyzed by ChemCam on board the Curiosity rover on Mars","docAbstract":"<p>The Yellowknife Bay formation represents a ~5 m thick stratigraphic section of lithified fluvial and lacustrine sediments analyzed by the Curiosity rover in Gale crater, Mars. Previous works have mainly focused on the mudstones that were drilled by the rover at two locations. The present study focuses on the sedimentary rocks stratigraphically above the mudstones by studying their chemical variations in parallel with rock textures. Results show that differences in composition correlate with textures and both manifest subtle but significant variations through the stratigraphic column. Though the chemistry of the sediments does not vary much in the lower part of the stratigraphy, the variations in alkali elements indicate variations in the source material and/or physical sorting, as shown by the identification of alkali feldspars. The sandstones contain similar relative proportions of hydrogen to the mudstones below, suggesting the presence of hydrous minerals that may have contributed to their cementation. Slight variations in magnesium correlate with changes in textures suggesting that diagenesis through cementation and dissolution modified the initial rock composition and texture simultaneously. The upper part of the stratigraphy (~1 m thick) displays rocks with different compositions suggesting a strong change in the depositional system. The presence of float rocks with similar compositions found along the rover traverse suggests that some of these outcrops extend further away in the nearby hummocky plains.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1002/2014JE004681","usgsCitation":"Mangold, N., Forni, O., Dromart, G., Stack, K., Wiens, R.C., Gasnault, O., Sumner, D.Y., Nachon, M., Meslin, P., Anderson, R., Barraclough, B., Bell, J., Berger, G., Blaney, D., Bridges, J., Calef, F., Clark, B.R., Clegg, S.M., Cousin, A., Edgar, L., Edgett, K., Ehlmann, B., Fabre, C., Fisk, M., Grotzinger, J., Gupta, S., Herkenhoff, K.E., Hurowitz, J., Johnson, J.R., Kah, L., Lanza, N.L., Lasue, J., Le Mouélic, S., Lewin, E., Malin, M., McLennan, S.M., Maurice, S., Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., Milliken, R.E., Newsome, H., Ollila, A., Rowland, S.K., Sautter, V., Schmidt, M., Schroder, S., D'Uston, C., Vaniman, D., and Williams, R.A., 2015, Chemical variations in Yellowknife Bay formation sedimentary rocks analyzed by ChemCam on board the Curiosity rover on Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 120, no. 3, p. 452-482, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JE004681.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"452","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053373","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01281801","text":"External Repository"},{"id":299775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299730,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JE004681/abstract"}],"volume":"120","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55362333e4b0b22a15807a85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangold, Nicolas","contributorId":52903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mangold","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forni, Olivier","contributorId":72690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forni","given":"Olivier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dromart, G.","contributorId":7153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dromart","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stack, K.M.","contributorId":20628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stack","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wiens, Roger C.","contributorId":140330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiens","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gasnault, Olivier","contributorId":53709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasnault","given":"Olivier","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sumner, Dawn Y.","contributorId":88997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nachon, Marion","contributorId":48485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nachon","given":"Marion","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meslin, Pierre-Yves","contributorId":66186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meslin","given":"Pierre-Yves","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Anderson, Ryan B.","contributorId":25438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Ryan B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Barraclough, Bruce","contributorId":72724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barraclough","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bell, J.F. 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A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":49}]}}
,{"id":70143515,"text":"70143515 - 2015 - Structural degradation of Thar lignite using MW1 fungal isolate: optimization studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-19T09:46:33","indexId":"70143515","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-19T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2018,"text":"International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural degradation of Thar lignite using MW1 fungal isolate: optimization studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Biological degradation of low-rank coals, particularly degradation mediated by fungi, can play an important role in helping us to utilize neglected lignite resources for both fuel and non-fuel applications. Fungal degradation of low-rank coals has already been investigated for the extraction of soil-conditioning agents and the substrates, which could be subjected to subsequent processing for the generation of alternative fuel options, like methane. However, to achieve an efficient degradation process, the fungal isolates must originate from an appropriate coal environment and the degradation process must be optimized. With this in mind, a representative sample from the Thar coalfield (the largest lignite resource of Pakistan) was treated with a fungal strain, MW1, which was previously isolated from a drilled core coal sample. The treatment caused the liberation of organic fractions from the structural matrix of coal. Fungal degradation was optimized, and it showed significant release of organics, with 0.1% glucose concentration and 1% coal loading ratio after an incubation time of 7 days. Analytical investigations revealed the release of complex organic moieties, pertaining to polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and it also helped in predicting structural units present within structure of coal. Such isolates, with enhanced degradation capabilities, can definitely help in exploiting the chemical-feedstock-status of coal.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.02.029","usgsCitation":"Haider, R., Ghauri, M.A., Jones, E., Orem, W.H., and SanFilipo, J., 2015, Structural degradation of Thar lignite using MW1 fungal isolate: optimization studies: International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, v. 100, p. 149-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.02.029.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064021","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Pakistan","otherGeospatial":"Thar coalfield","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              60.8203125,\n              24.046463999666567\n            ],\n            [\n              60.8203125,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              77.080078125,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              77.080078125,\n              24.046463999666567\n            ],\n            [\n              60.8203125,\n              24.046463999666567\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"100","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550be51be4b02e76d759cdcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haider, Rizwan","contributorId":139757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haider","given":"Rizwan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12904,"text":"Industrial Biotechnology Division, Nat'l Inst. for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghauri, Muhammad A.","contributorId":139758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghauri","given":"Muhammad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12904,"text":"Industrial Biotechnology Division, Nat'l Inst. for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Elizabeth J.","contributorId":139759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Elizabeth J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"SanFilipo, John R. 0000-0002-8739-5628 jsan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":2385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"John R.","email":"jsan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70160090,"text":"70160090 - 2015 - A review of the global relationship among freshwater fish, autotrophic activity, and regional climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T11:44:15","indexId":"70160090","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of the global relationship among freshwater fish, autotrophic activity, and regional climate","docAbstract":"<p><span>The relationship between autotrophic activity and freshwater fish populations is an important consideration for ecologists describing trophic structure in aquatic communities, fisheries managers tasked with increasing sustainable fisheries development, and fish farmers seeking to maximize production. Previous studies of the empirical relationships of autotrophic activity and freshwater fish yield have found positive relationships but were limited by small sample sizes, small geographic scopes, and the inability to compare patterns among many types of measurement techniques. Individual studies and reviews have also lacked consistent consideration of regional climate factors which may inform relationships between fisheries and autotrophic activity. We compiled data from over 700 freshwater systems worldwide and used meta-analysis and linear models to develop a comprehensive global synthesis between multiple metrics of autotrophic activity, fisheries, and climate indicators. Our results demonstrate that multiple metrics of fish (i.e., catch per unit effort, yield, and production) increase with autotrophic activity across a variety of fisheries. At the global scale additional variation in this positive relationship can be ascribed to regional climate differences (i.e., temperature and precipitation) across systems. Our results provide a method and proof-of-concept for assessing inland fisheries production at the global scale, where current estimates are highly uncertain, and may therefore inform the continued sustainable use of global inland fishery resources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11160-015-9384-z","usgsCitation":"Deines, A., Bunnell, D., Rogers, M.W., Beard, T., and Taylor, W., 2015, A review of the global relationship among freshwater fish, autotrophic activity, and regional climate: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 25, no. 2, p. 323-336, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-015-9384-z.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"336","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055723","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff63ae4b09cfe53ca7963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deines, Andrew M.","contributorId":94601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deines","given":"Andrew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunnell, David B. dbunnell@usgs.gov","contributorId":141167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, Mark W. 0000-0001-7205-5623 mwrogers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7205-5623","contributorId":4590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Mark","email":"mwrogers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beard, T. Douglas Jr. dbeard@usgs.gov","contributorId":150495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"T. Douglas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"dbeard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, William W.","contributorId":49735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"William W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70143006,"text":"70143006 - 2015 - Bahamas connection: residence areas selected by breeding female loggerheads tagged in Dry Tortugas National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-18T15:08:00","indexId":"70143006","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-18T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":773,"text":"Animal Biotelemetry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bahamas connection: residence areas selected by breeding female loggerheads tagged in Dry Tortugas National Park, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Background</p>\n<p>Delineation of home ranges, residence and foraging areas, and migration corridors is important for understanding the habitat needs for a given species. Recently, many population segments of Northwest Atlantic loggerhead sea turtles (<i>Caretta caretta</i>) were designated as endangered or threatened; the smallest subpopulation is in the Dry Tortugas. Foraging and residence areas for this subpopulation have not been defined outside the Gulf of Mexico. Here, for Dry Tortugas loggerheads that traveled to the Bahamas, we use a combination of switching state-space modeling (SSM) and home-range estimators to determine migration period, spatially delineate and describe residence areas, and examine inter-annual home-range repeatability.</p>\n<p>Results</p>\n<p>In 5,973 tracking days, migration dates for Dry Tortugas loggerheads traveling to the Bahamas occurred during July&ndash;September, with turtles tracked twice showing remarkably similar migration paths and timing of departure from nesting sites. Core-use residence areas for 19 loggerheads ranged from 3.7 to 179.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>(mean&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;1 SD&thinsp;=&thinsp;56.2&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;49.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>). For three turtles, we found inter-annual home-range repeatability, with centroids of core areas only 0.7&ndash;2.9&nbsp;km apart and significant overlap of inter-annual 50% kernel contours.</p>\n<p>Conclusions</p>\n<p>We demonstrate a previously unknown link between Dry Tortugas nesting beaches and Bahamas residence areas; 17/39 (43.6%) of nesting loggerheads tagged in and tracked from the Dry Tortugas take up residence at sites in the Bahamas. Residence area estimates for these turtles were similar in size to previous foraging area estimates for two turtles tracked to the Bahamas in other studies. We show inter-annual residence area repeatability, and that residence areas of different individuals generally did not overlap. We suggest that these loggerheads possibly establish territories.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1186/s40317-014-0019-2","usgsCitation":"Hart, K.M., Sartain-Iverson, A.R., and Fujisaki, I., 2015, Bahamas connection: residence areas selected by breeding female loggerheads tagged in Dry Tortugas National Park, USA: Animal Biotelemetry, v. 3, no. 3, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-014-0019-2.","productDescription":"17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056898","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-014-0019-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.80052185058592,\n              24.726251180537773\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.76653289794922,\n              24.701301018708502\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.76653289794922,\n              24.66854634616668\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.80086517333983,\n              24.617369459303212\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.89802551269531,\n              24.56773283789708\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.96531677246094,\n              24.566796108748612\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.96669006347656,\n              24.64920145194691\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.90077209472656,\n              24.717831059976803\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86712646484375,\n              24.726251180537773\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.80052185058592,\n              24.726251180537773\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550a939ae4b02e76d7590bb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sartain-Iverson, Autumn R. 0000-0002-8353-6745 asartain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-6745","contributorId":5477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartain-Iverson","given":"Autumn","email":"asartain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":38359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70143292,"text":"70143292 - 2015 - Paleoceanographic, and paleoclimatic constraints on the global Eocene diatom and silicoflagellate record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T12:49:31","indexId":"70143292","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-18T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoceanographic, and paleoclimatic constraints on the global Eocene diatom and silicoflagellate record","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">Eocene diatom and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy are summarized and correlated with the most recent geologic time scale as well as with the global oxygen isotope and eustatic sea level curves. The global distribution of Eocene diatom/silicoflagellate-bearing sediments varies considerably, reflecting changing oceanic gateways and paleoceanography with changing patterns that are punctuated by four major depositional events.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0010\">Event 1 (~&nbsp;49 million years ago, Ma), at the end of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), saw the cessation of diatom/silicoflagellate deposition in epicontinental regions of the North Sea region and in the northern Russia and the onset of biosilica deposition in the Arctic. Event 2 (~&nbsp;46&nbsp;Ma), which coincided with intensification of the Middle Eocene cooling trend, marked the widespread expansion of diatom/silicoflagellate deposition in both the North and South Atlantic. A shift of diatom/silicoflagellate deposition from the Atlantic to the Pacific began at Event 3, at the end of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) (~&nbsp;40&nbsp;Ma), that was likely tied to the initial opening of the Drake Passage between Antarctica and South America. Event 4 (~&nbsp;39&nbsp;Ma) coincided with a major sea level fall and a widespread deep-sea hiatus in the latest Middle Eocene. Late Eocene diatom/silicoflagellate deposition became more concentrated in middle-to-high latitude regions and coastal upwelling regions, particularly in the Pacific Ocean.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0015\">Tabulation of the first and last occurrences of 132 biostratigraphically-important diatoms suggests increased species turnover during the latest Paleocene to earliest Eocene that may be in part due to a monographic effect. An increasing rate of evolution of new diatom species between ~&nbsp;46 and 43&nbsp;Ma and after ~&nbsp;40&nbsp;Ma coincides respectively with the widespread expansion of diatom deposition in the Atlantic and with an increased pole-to-equator thermal gradient that witnessed the expansion of diatoms in high latitude oceans and coastal upwelling settings.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.01.015","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., Stickley, C.E., and Bukry, D., 2015, Paleoceanographic, and paleoclimatic constraints on the global Eocene diatom and silicoflagellate record: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 422, p. 85-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.01.015.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057813","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"422","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550a939ee4b02e76d7590bbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickley, Catherine E.","contributorId":40715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickley","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70141362,"text":"ofr20151015 - 2015 - A survey of Bureau of Land Management employees on collaboration and alternative dispute resolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-18T11:45:55","indexId":"ofr20151015","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-18T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1015","title":"A survey of Bureau of Land Management employees on collaboration and alternative dispute resolution","docAbstract":"<p>The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has been actively expanding its capacity to work cooperatively with other agencies, Tribes, the public, and other stakeholders using collaborative and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) approaches. In 1997, the BLM created the BLM&rsquo;s Collaboration and Alternative Dispute Resolution Program (Collaboration/ADR Program) to centralize, strengthen, and coordinate these efforts. Specifically, the Collaboration/ADR Program is charged with developing ADR policies; ensuring that statutory and regulatory requirements are met; and providing training, resources, and direct support for collaboration and ADR in the BLM. At the request of the Collaboration/ADR Program, the Policy Analysis and Science Assistance Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey, located in the Fort Collins Science Center, conducted an online survey of BLM employees in early 2013 to address four overarching questions:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>What information sources and assistance resources are BLM employees currently accessing to fill their conflict/dispute resolution and collaboration needs?<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></li>\n<li>What are the perceived information and resource needs of BLM employees associated with conflict/dispute resolution and collaboration? What information and resources can the BLM Collaboration/ADR Program provide to fill BLM employee needs?<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></li>\n<li>What is the BLM employee level of knowledge associated with conflict/dispute resolution and collaboration?<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></li>\n<li>What are the attitudes and perceptions of BLM employees toward conflict/dispute resolution and collaboration?</li>\n</ol>\n<p>This report describes the findings of this online survey and will assist the BLM&rsquo;s Collaboration and ADR Oversight Committee in developing the Strategic Plan for the Collaboration/ADR Program. The purpose of the Strategic Plan is to advance collaboration in the BLM and to increase the capacity of the Collaboration/ADR Program to support collaborative efforts on the ground.</p>\n<p>In March 2013, a user-specific link to the online survey was sent via email to all current BLM employees (<i>n</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>= 6,734) that could potentially have had experience in collaboration and conflict resolution based on their job series. The links took the respondents to a webpage where the survey was administered. Email reminders were sent at weekly intervals thereafter. When the survey closed in May 2013, the response rate was 45 percent (3,161 employees). Of these, only 14 percent (427 respondents) indicated that they did not have direct experience with collaboration or ADR, and were unlikely to gain experience in the future. Because these respondents were not the target population of this survey, they were branched to the demographic questions at the end of the survey and were not included in any further analyses. The remaining 86 percent (2,734 respondents) indicated that either they did have direct experience with collaboration and (or) ADR, or that they might gain experience with one or both in the future. Below we highlight some of the key findings from their survey responses (refer to the Results section for a comprehensive report of the survey findings).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151015","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Ruell, E.W., Burkardt, N., and Donovan, R.M., 2015, A survey of Bureau of Land Management employees on collaboration and alternative dispute resolution: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1015, xvii, 146 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151015.","productDescription":"xvii, 146 p.","numberOfPages":"163","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059371","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151015.jpg"},{"id":298716,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1015/"},{"id":298717,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1015/pdf/ofr2015-1015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550a9399e4b02e76d7590baf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruell, Emily W.","contributorId":28465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruell","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donovan, Ryan M.","contributorId":139309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donovan","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12728,"text":"Cherokee Services Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70142048,"text":"sir20155037 - 2015 - Estimated freshwater withdrawals in Washington, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-18T10:05:48","indexId":"sir20155037","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-18T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5037","title":"Estimated freshwater withdrawals in Washington, 2010","docAbstract":"<p>Every 5 years since 1950, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has compiled data on the amount of water used in homes, businesses, industries, and farms throughout the State. This water-use data, combined with other related USGS information, has facilitated a unique understanding of the effects of human activity on the State&rsquo;s water resources. As water availability continues to emerge as an important issue in the 21st century, the need for consistent, long-term water-use data will increase to support wise use of this essential natural resource.</p>\n<p>The amount of public- and self-supplied water used for domestic, irrigation, livestock, aquaculture, industrial, mining, and thermoelectric power was estimated for state, county, and eastern and western regions of Washington during calendar year 2010. Withdrawals of freshwater for offstream uses were estimated to be about 4,885 million gallons per day. The total estimated freshwater withdrawals for 2010 was approximately 15 percent less than the 2005 estimate because of decreases in irrigation and thermoelectric power withdrawals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155037","usgsCitation":"Lane, R.C., and Welch, W.B., 2015, Estimated freshwater withdrawals in Washington, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5037, 48 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155037.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-061245","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155037.jpg"},{"id":298678,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5037/"},{"id":298663,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5037/pdf/sir2015-5037.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.78271484375,\n              45.55252525134013\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.78271484375,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              45.55252525134013\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.78271484375,\n              45.55252525134013\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_wa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Washington Water Science Center<br />U.S. Geological Survey<br />934 Broadway, Suite 300<br />Tacoma, Washington 98402<br /><a href=\"http://wa.water.usgs.gov/\">http://wa.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Freshwater Withdrawals</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Appendix A. Methods And Data Sources</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-03-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550a939ee4b02e76d7590bb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, Ron C. rclane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"Ron","email":"rclane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, Wendy B. wwelch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Wendy","email":"wwelch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70142860,"text":"ds928 - 2015 - Back-island and open-ocean shorelines, and sand areas of Assateague Island, Maryland and Virginia, April 12, 1989, to September 5, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-18T10:59:23","indexId":"ds928","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-18T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"928","title":"Back-island and open-ocean shorelines, and sand areas of Assateague Island, Maryland and Virginia, April 12, 1989, to September 5, 2013","docAbstract":"<p>Assessing the physical change to shorelines and wetlands is critical in determining the resiliency of wetland systems that protect adjacent habitat and communities. The wetland and back-barrier shorelines of Assateague Island, located in Maryland and Virginia, changed as a result of wave action and storm surge that occurred during Hurricane Sandy in 2012. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program, the impact of Hurricane Sandy will be assessed and placed in its historical context to understand the future vulnerability of wetland systems. Making these assessments will rely on data extracted from current and historical resources such as maps, aerial photographs, satellite imagery, and lidar elevation data, which document physical changes over time.</p>\n<p>This Data Series Report includes several open-ocean shorelines, back-island shorelines, back-island shoreline points, sand area polygons, and sand lines for Assateague Island that were extracted from natural-color orthoimagery (aerial photography) dated from April 12, 1989, to September 5, 2013. The images used were 0.3&ndash;2-meter (m)-resolution U.S. Geological Survey Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quads (DOQQ), U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) images, and Virginia Geographic Information Network Virginia Base Map Program (VBMP) images courtesy of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The back-island shorelines were hand-digitized at the intersect of the apparent back-island shoreline and transects spaced at 20-m intervals. The open-ocean shorelines were hand-digitized at the approximate still water level, such as tide level, which was fit through the average position of waves and swash apparent on the beach. Hand-digitizing was done at a scale of approximately 1:2,000. The sand polygons were derived by using an image-processing unsupervised classification technique that separates images into classes. The classes were then visually categorized as either sand or not sand. Also included in this report are 20-m-spaced transect lines and the transect base lines.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds928","usgsCitation":"Guy, K.K., 2015, Back-island and open-ocean shorelines, and sand areas of Assateague Island, Maryland and Virginia, April 12, 1989, to September 5, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 928, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds928.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1989-04-12","temporalEnd":"2013-09-05","ipdsId":"IP-062423","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds928.PNG"},{"id":298681,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0928/"},{"id":298697,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0928/ds928_abstract.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Assateague Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.0970458984375,\n              38.32711378564577\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.08811950683594,\n              38.32334305552793\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.18356323242186,\n              38.09728086978861\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.36483764648438,\n              37.85208561975298\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.38887023925781,\n              37.84612146910074\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4046630859375,\n              37.87431138542283\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.37513732910156,\n              37.91495092582022\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.35247802734375,\n              37.92145117009527\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.31539916992188,\n              37.99508044703298\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.11489868164062,\n              38.312568460056966\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0970458984375,\n              38.32711378564577\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550a9399e4b02e76d7590bb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guy, Kristy K. kguy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Kristy","email":"kguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70140270,"text":"sim3319 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series: Offshore of Refugio Beach, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:02:15.825778","indexId":"sim3319","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-18T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3319","title":"California State Waters Map Series: Offshore of Refugio Beach, California","docAbstract":"<p>In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within California&rsquo;s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.</p>\n<p>The Offshore of Refugio Beach map lies within the western Santa Barbara Channel region of the Southern California Bight. This geologically complex region forms a major biogeographic transition zone, separating the cold-temperate Oregonian province north of Point Conception from the warm-temperate California province to the south. The map area is in the southern part of the Western Transverse Ranges geologic province, which is north of the California Continental Borderland. Significant clockwise rotation&mdash;at least 90&deg;&mdash;since the early Miocene has been proposed for the Western Transverse Ranges province, and geodetic studies indicate that the region is presently undergoing north-south shortening. Uplift rates (as much as 0.5 mm/yr) that are based on studies of onland marine terraces provide further evidence of significant shortening.</p>\n<p>The coastal zone of this map area lies at the steep flank of the Santa Ynez Mountains. The crest of the range, which lies about 8 km from the shoreline (north of the map area), has a maximum elevation of about 780 m. This area is largely open space, partly used for livestock grazing, with no significant towns or population centers. Highway 101 crosses the map area, adjacent to and within a few hundred meters of the shoreline. The most significant developments are the recreational state beaches at El Capitan Beach and Refugio Beach. The beaches are subject to erosion each winter during storm-wave attack, and then they undergo gradual recovery or accretion during the more gentle wave climate of the late spring, summer, and fall months.</p>\n<p>The Offshore of Refugio Beach map area lies in the west-central part of the Santa Barbara littoral cell, which is characterized by west-to-east transport of sediment from Point Arguello on the northwest to Hueneme and Mugu Canyons on the southeast. Longshore drift rates have been reported to range from about 160,000 to 800,000 tons/yr, averaging 400,000 tons/yr. Sediment supply to the western and central part of the littoral cell, including the map area, is mainly from relatively small coastal watersheds. Within the map area, these coastal watersheds include (from east to west) Ca&ntilde;ada del Capitan, Tajiquas Creek, Arroyo Hondo, Ca&ntilde;ada del Molino, and several unnamed canyons and creeks. The Santa Ynez and Santa Maria Rivers, the mouths of which are 80 to 120 km northwest of the map area, are not considered significant sediment sources because Point Conception and Point Arguello provide obstacles to downcoast sediment transport and also because much of their sediment load is trapped in dams. The Ventura and Santa Clara Rivers, the mouths of which are about 70 km to the southeast of the map area, are not sediment sources for the map area.</p>\n<p>The offshore part of the map area consists of relatively flat and shallow continental shelf, which dips gently seaward (about 0.8&deg; to 1.0&deg;) so that water depths at the shelf break, roughly coincident with the California&rsquo;s State Waters limit, are about 80 to 100 m. This part of the Santa Barbara Channel is relatively well protected from large Pacific swells from the north and northwest by Point Conception and from the south and southwest by offshore islands and banks. The shelf is underlain by variable amounts of upper Quaternary marine and fluvial sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated in the late Pleistocene.</p>\n<p>In the map area, the shelf break is at depths of about 90 m and lies about 5.6 to 6.4 km offshore. Beyond the shelf break, the slope is steep (as much as about 7&deg;) and unstable. Several submarine landslides, including the large (130 km<sup>2</sup>) Goleta landslide complex, have been documented offshore of Goleta, a few kilometers east of the map area. This compound slump complex may have been initiated more than 200,000 year ago, but it also includes three recent failures that may have been generated 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. A local, 10-m-high tsunami may have been generated from these failure events.</p>\n<p>Small folds related to local faulting are superimposed on the homocline that makes up the south flank of the Santa Ynez Mountains. One of these superimposed anticlines hosts the Molino gas field, which was discovered in 1962 and subsequently developed through directional drilling from onshore wells. The Oligocene Sespe and Vaqueros Formations are the reservoirs in the Molino gas field, and the map area includes numerous seafloor hydrocarbon seeps.</p>\n<p>Seafloor habitats in the broad Santa Barbara Channel region consist of significant amounts of soft, unconsolidated sediment interspersed with isolated areas of rocky habitat that support kelp-forest communities nearshore and rocky-reef communities in deep water. The potential marine benthic habitat types mapped in the Offshore of Refugio Beach map area are directly related to its Quaternary geologic history, geomorphology, and active sedimentary processes. These potential habitats, which lie primarily within the Shelf (continental shelf) but also partly within the Flank (basin flank or continental slope) megahabitats, primarily are composed of soft sediment interrupted by a few carbonate mounds. This homogeneous seafloor of sediment and low-relief bedrock provides promising habitat for groundfish, crabs, shrimp, and other marine benthic organisms.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3319","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Phillips, E.L., Ritchie, A., Krigsman, L.M., Dieter, B.E., Conrad, J.E., Greene, H.G., Seitz, G.G., Endris, C.A., Sliter, R.W., Wong, F.L., Erdey, M.D., Gutierrez, C.I., Yoklavich, M.M., East, A., and Hart, P.E., 2015, California State Waters Map Series: Offshore of Refugio Beach, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3319, Pamphlet: iv, 42 p.; 11 Plates: 53.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Metadata: Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3319.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 42 p.; 11 Plates: 53.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Metadata: Data 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Map Area, California"},{"id":298690,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Refugio Beach Map Area, California"},{"id":298689,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Refugio Beach Map Area, California"},{"id":298688,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3319/downloads/sim3319_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Refugio Beach Map Area, 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gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E. 0000-0001-6007-6486 ngolden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6007-6486","contributorId":138974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine","email":"ngolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, Eleyne L.","contributorId":44485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Eleyne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C.","contributorId":139060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew C.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krigsman, Lisa M.","contributorId":139064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krigsman","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dieter, Bryan 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Gary","contributorId":139063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greene","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[{"id":12639,"text":"Moss Landing Marine Labs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Seitz, Gordon G.","contributorId":139062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Endris, Charles A.","contributorId":87875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Erdey, Mercedes D. merdey@usgs.gov","contributorId":5411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdey","given":"Mercedes","email":"merdey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Gutierrez, Carlos I.","contributorId":32799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Yoklavich, Mary M.","contributorId":96167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoklavich","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"East, Amy E. aeast@usgs.gov","contributorId":2472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy E.","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70136499,"text":"sir20145240 - 2015 - Effect of land-applied biosolids on surface-water nutrient yields and groundwater quality in Orange County, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:17:22","indexId":"sir20145240","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-18T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5240","title":"Effect of land-applied biosolids on surface-water nutrient yields and groundwater quality in Orange County, North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>Land application of municipal wastewater biosolids is the most common method of biosolids management used in North Carolina and the United States. Biosolids have characteristics that may be beneficial to soil and plants. Land application can take advantage of these beneficial qualities, whereas disposal in landfills or incineration poses no beneficial use of the waste. Some independent studies and laboratory analysis, however, have shown that land-applied biosolids can pose a threat to human health and surface-water and groundwater quality. The effect of municipal biosolids applied to agriculture fields is largely unknown in relation to the delivery of nutrients, bacteria, metals, and contaminants of emerging concern to surface-water and groundwater resources. Therefore, the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) collaborated with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) through the 319 Nonpoint Source Program to better understand the transport of nutrients and bacteria from biosolids application fields to groundwater and surface water and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the current regulations.</p>\n<p>The USGS conducted a paired agricultural watershed study in the Collins Creek and Cane Creek Reservoir watersheds in Orange County, North Carolina. Field activities were conducted from March 2011 through May 2013 at two field study sites, including biosolids field application sites owned by Orange County Water and Sewer Authority (OWASA) in the Collins Creek watershed and a background study site in the Cane Creek watershed that has no fields receiving biosolids applications. Samples of biosolids source material and soil were collected from the land-application fields for laboratory analyses. Soil samples were also collected from a background agricultural field in the Cane Creek watershed that has never received land-applied municipal biosolids. Shallow groundwater samples were collected quarterly from new monitoring wells installed by NCDENR along the edge of the biosolids land-application fields and a background agricultural field for laboratory analyses. Two surface-water monitoring sites were established on Collins Creek to compute continuous streamflow and collect discrete baseflow and stormwater runoff water-quality data upstream and downstream from the biosolids land-application fields. Surface water-quality samples were also collected for baseflow and stormwater runoff conditions at an existing USGS streamgage on Cane Creek to monitor water-quality conditions in the background study watershed. The study primarily focused on nutrients and bacteria; however, data for field properties and water-quality constituents, including metals, major ions, and contaminants of emerging concern (household-, industrial-, and agricultural-use compounds, pharmaceutical compounds, hormones, and antibiotics) also were collected and used in the analyses.</p>\n<p>There were no exceedances of the 10 elements with designated U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ceiling concentrations for land-applied biosolids in any of the biosolids samples. Treatment processes and storage techniques used by OWASA are effective in eliminating <i>Escherichia coli</i> and fecal coliform bacteria from biosolids. Copper, molybdenum, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total phosphorus were elevated in the soil from biosolids land-application fields relative to the background field. The relative richness of these constituents in the biosolids land-application fields is consistent with biosolids being the source of the elevated concentrations given the relatively high concentrations of these constituents in the biosolids samples that were collected.</p>\n<p>Shallow groundwater in the transitional zone wells, which were located adjacent to and topographically downgradient from all the biosolids land-application fields, were found to be statistically different and had higher nitrate concentrations (medians greater than 12 milligrams per liter) than all the other wells sampled as part of the study. Surface-water nutrient concentrations and yields, primarily nitrate, were higher at the monitoring site on Collins Creek downstream from the biosolids land-application fields than the other study sites that drained watersheds without biosolids land application. The largest differences in concentrations between sites were measured at baseflow conditions, which indicate that the main cause of these differences, particularly between Cane Creek and the Collins Creek site downstream from the OWASA application fields, is related to nitrate contribution from the shallow groundwater.</p>\n<p>Contaminants of emerging concern were detected in approximately 40 percent of the laboratory analyses of the biosolids samples and more frequently in soil samples from the biosolids land-application fields (approximately 40 percent of laboratory analyses) relative to the soil samples from the background field (approximately 12 percent of laboratory analyses). However, contaminants of emerging concern detected in the laboratory analysis for this study do not appear to be good indicators of human-waste contaminants derived from land-applied biosolids in groundwater or surface-water because the number of detections and concentrations at the background wells and surface-water monitoring sites are similar to or higher than those at wells and monitoring sites adjacent to or downstream from the biosolids land-application fields.</p>\n<p>The data, analysis, and conclusions associated with this study can be used by regulatory agencies, resource managers, and wastewater-treatment operators to (1) better understand the quantity and characteristics of nutrients, bacteria, metals, and contaminants of emerging concern that are transported away from biosolids land-application fields to surface water and groundwater under current regulations for the purposes of establishing effective total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) and restoring impaired water resources, (2) assess how well existing regulations protect waters of the State and potentially recommend effective changes to regulations or land-application procedures, and (3) establish a framework for developing guidance on effective techniques for monitoring and regulatory enforcement of permitted biosolids land-application fields.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145240","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources 319 Nonpoint Source Program","usgsCitation":"Wagner, C., Fitzgerald, S.A., McSwain, K.B., Harden, S.L., Gurley, L., and Rogers, S.W., 2015, Effect of land-applied biosolids on surface-water nutrient yields and groundwater quality in Orange County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5240, Report: x, 106 p.; Appendixes 1-4, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145240.","productDescription":"Report: x, 106 p.; Appendixes 1-4","numberOfPages":"120","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058328","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145240.jpg"},{"id":298579,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5240/appendix","text":"Appendixes 1-4","description":"Appendixes 1-5"},{"id":298577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5240/"},{"id":298578,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5240/pdf/sir2014-5240.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"U.S. Census Bureau Projection: North Carolina State Plane","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Orange County","otherGeospatial":"Cane Creek Reservoir watershed, Collins Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.18087005615234,\n              35.94632704841525\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.18953895568846,\n              35.93089971399348\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.19992446899414,\n              35.92728566887712\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.21073913574219,\n              35.93173370094518\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.21932220458984,\n              35.94855056001542\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.20730590820312,\n              35.98092335649322\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.20867919921875,\n              36.00467348670187\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.20421600341797,\n              36.02744467075585\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.189453125,\n              36.03841136862611\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.16061401367188,\n              36.03855017779992\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.16009902954102,\n              35.97481105524676\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.18087005615234,\n              35.94632704841525\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550a939de4b02e76d7590bb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Chad R. 0000-0002-9602-7413 cwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7413","contributorId":1530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Chad R.","email":"cwagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzgerald, Sharon A. safitzge@usgs.gov","contributorId":131155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Sharon","email":"safitzge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McSwain, Kristen Bukowski kmcswain@usgs.gov","contributorId":1606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSwain","given":"Kristen","email":"kmcswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bukowski","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harden, Stephen L. 0000-0001-6886-0099 slharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-0099","contributorId":2212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Stephen","email":"slharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gurley, Laura N. 0000-0002-2881-1038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2881-1038","contributorId":93834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurley","given":"Laura N.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rogers, Shane W.","contributorId":21017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70141850,"text":"sir20155026 - 2015 - Nutrient, suspended sediment, and trace element loads in the Blackstone River Basin in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 2007 to 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:33:56","indexId":"sir20155026","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-18T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5026","title":"Nutrient, suspended sediment, and trace element loads in the Blackstone River Basin in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 2007 to 2009","docAbstract":"<p>Nutrients, suspended sediment, and trace element loads in the Blackstone River and selected tributaries were estimated from composite water-quality samples in order to better understand the distribution and sources of these constituents in the river basin. The flow-proportional composite water-quality samples were collected during sequential 2-week periods at six stations along the river&rsquo;s main stem, at three stations on tributaries, and at four wastewater treatment plants in the Massachusetts segment of the basin from June 2007 to September 2009. Samples were collected at an additional station on the Blackstone River near the mouth in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, from September 2008 to September 2009. The flow-proportional composite samples were used to estimate average daily loads during the sampling periods; annual loads for water years 2008 and 2009 also were estimated for the monitoring station on the Blackstone River near the Massachusetts-Rhode Island border. The effects of hydrologic conditions and net attenuation of nitrogen were investigated for loads in the Massachusetts segment of the basin. Sediment resuspension and contaminant loading dynamics were evaluated in two Blackstone River impoundments, the former Rockdale Pond (a breached impoundment) and Rice City Pond.</p>\n<p>Total nitrogen and phosphorus loads along the Blackstone River in Massachusetts showed similar general patterns during the sampling periods monitored in this study. Total nitrogen loads were relatively low at the farthest upstream monitoring station in Millbury, Massachusetts (typically less than 430 kilograms per day (kg/d) for total nitrogen and 37 kg/d for total phosphorus). Loads typically increased (5- to 10-fold for nitrogen and 6- to 15-fold for phosphorus) downstream from the first, large wastewater treatment plant along the river, the Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Control Abatement District in Millbury. Further downstream, total nitrogen and phosphorus loads remained elevated but variable (typically about 1,000 to 3,000 kg/d for nitrogen and about 100 to 370 kg/d for phosphorus) from Millbury to the Massachusetts-Rhode Island border near Millville, Mass. Monitored tributaries of the Blackstone River and wastewater treatment plants other than the Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Control Abatement District rarely contributed more than a small fraction of the total nitrogen and phosphorus loads observed at the main stem monitoring stations. Loads of suspended sediment also were substantially larger along the river&rsquo;s main stem than in tributaries during most sampling periods. Very large loads of suspended sediment from the West River tributary during several sampling periods may have been associated with flood-control operations.</p>\n<p>The estimated annual load of total nitrogen in the Blackstone River at Millville, about 1.3 miles upstream from the Massachusetts-Rhode Island border, was 936,000 kilograms (kg) (2,600 kg/d) in water year 2008 and 878,000 kg (2,400 kg/d) in water year 2009. The estimated annual load of total phosphorus at Millville was 81,400 kg in water year 2008 (223 kg/d) and 80,900 kg (222 kg/d) in water year 2009. The estimated annual load of suspended sediment in was 4,940,000 kg (13,600 kg/d) in water year 2008 and 7,040,000 kg (19,300 kg/d) in water year 2009. The higher load in water year 2009 likely reflects several large storms in summer 2009, which resulted in streamflows in the Blackstone River that were 10 times the typical July flows. Loads of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and trace elements were almost always lower in the Blackstone River at Millville than in the river near its mouth at the Pawtucket monitoring station, when loads were monitored at both stations in the latter part of water year 2008 and in water year 2009. Loads of suspended sediment at Millville and Pawtucket varied by about the same range, but were usually lower at Pawtucket than at Millville.</p>\n<p>Total nitrogen loads were higher during sampling periods when the base-flow contribution to streamflow was substantially less than the runoff contribution than in sampling periods when the base-flow dominated. During these sampling periods when the runoff component of streamflow was relatively large, loads of total nitrogen in wastewater discharge from Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Control Abatement District also were high but also constituted smaller fractions of the total nitrogen loads in the river. Nitrogen attenuation may have occurred during some sampling periods, based on net changes in total nitrogen load between consecutive monitoring stations, especially in the Blackstone River reach between the South Grafton and Uxbridge monitoring stations.</p>\n<p>Analysis of the representative constituents (total phosphorus, total chromium, and suspended sediment) upstream and downstream of impoundments indicated that the existing impoundments, such as Rice City Pond, can be sources of particulate contaminant loads in the Blackstone River. Loads of particulate phosphorus, particulate chromium, and suspended sediment were consistently higher downstream from Rice City Pond than upstream during high-flow events, and there was a positive, linear relation between streamflow and changes in these constituents from upstream to downstream of the impoundment. Thus, particulate contaminants were mobilized from Rice City Pond during high-flow events and transported downstream. In contrast, downstream loads of particulate phosphorus, particulate chromium, and suspended sediment were generally lower than or equal to upstream loads for the former Rockdale Pond impoundment. Sediments associated with the former impoundment at Rockdale Pond, breached in the late 1960s, did not appear to be mobilized during the high-flow events monitored during this study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, M.J., Waldron, M.C., and DeSimone, L., 2015, Nutrient, suspended sediment, and trace element loads in the Blackstone River Basin in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 2007 to 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5026, Report x, 112 p.; Appendix 1-5; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155026.","productDescription":"Report x, 112 p.; Appendix 1-5; Readme","numberOfPages":"126","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-06-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-013241","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155026.jpg"},{"id":298656,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5026/"},{"id":298657,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5026/pdf/sir2015-5026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298658,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5026/attachments/sir2015-5026_app1-5.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1-5","size":"163 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1-5","linkHelpText":"This is an electronic copy of Appendix 1-5. See Readme.txt file for more information."},{"id":298659,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5026/attachments/readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"projection":"Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, mainland zone","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Blackstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.75033569335938,\n              41.83785101947692\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.34796142578124,\n              41.864447405239375\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.3507080078125,\n              42.09312731992276\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.52168273925781,\n              42.2341099541558\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.69128417968749,\n              42.39202286040118\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.96044921875,\n              42.36564700281194\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.75033569335938,\n              41.83785101947692\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550a939ee4b02e76d7590bbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Marc J. mzimmerm@usgs.gov","contributorId":3245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Marc","email":"mzimmerm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70137532,"text":"ofr20141217 - 2015 - Laboratory and field tests of the Sutron RLR-0003-1 water level sensor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-18T08:39:56","indexId":"ofr20141217","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1217","title":"Laboratory and field tests of the Sutron RLR-0003-1 water level sensor","docAbstract":"<p>Three Sutron RLR-0003-1 water level sensors were tested in laboratory conditions to evaluate the accuracy of the sensor over the manufacturer&rsquo;s specified operating temperature and distance-to-water ranges. The sensor was also tested for compliance to SDI-12 communication protocol and in field conditions at a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgaging site. Laboratory results were compared to the manufacturer&rsquo;s accuracy specification for water level and to the USGS Office of Surface Water (OSW) policy requirement that water level sensors have a measurement uncertainty of no more than 0.01 foot or 0.20 percent of the indicated reading. Except for one sensor, the differences for the temperature testing were within 0.05 foot and the average measurements for the sensors were within the manufacturer&rsquo;s accuracy specification. Two of the three sensors were within the manufacturer&rsquo;s specified accuracy and met the USGS accuracy requirements for the laboratory distance to water testing. Three units passed a basic SDI-12 communication compliance test. Water level measurements made by the Sutron RLR-0003-1 during field testing agreed well with those made by the bubbler system and a Design Analysis Associates (DAA) H3613 radar, and they met the USGS accuracy requirements when compared to the wire-weight gage readings.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141217","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., and Bryars, R.S., 2015, Laboratory and field tests of the Sutron RLR-0003-1 water level sensor: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1217, v, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141217.","productDescription":"v, 7 p.","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056889","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298649,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1217/"},{"id":298650,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1217/pdf/ofr2014-1217.pdf","text":"Report","size":"689 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2014-1217 Report"},{"id":298651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141217.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5509421fe4b02e76d757d913","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryars, R. Scott","contributorId":139697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryars","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70142880,"text":"ofr20151046 - 2015 - Data categories for marine planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-17T14:23:20","indexId":"ofr20151046","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1046","title":"Data categories for marine planning","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. National Ocean Policy calls for a science- and ecosystem-based approach to comprehensive planning and management of human activities and their impacts on America&rsquo;s oceans. The Ocean Community in Data.gov is an outcome of 2010&ndash;2011 work by an interagency working group charged with designing a national information management system to support ocean planning. Within the working group, a smaller team developed a list of the data categories specifically relevant to marine planning. This set of categories is an important consensus statement of the breadth of information types required for ocean planning from a national, multidisciplinary perspective. Although the categories were described in a working document in 2011, they have not yet been fully implemented explicitly in online services or geospatial metadata, in part because authoritative definitions were not created formally. This document describes the purpose of the data categories, provides definitions, and identifies relations among the categories and between the categories and external standards. It is intended to be used by ocean data providers, managers, and users in order to provide a transparent and consistent framework for organizing and describing complex information about marine ecosystems and their connections to humans.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Lightsom, F.L., Cicchetti, G., and Wahle, C.M., 2015, Data categories for marine planning: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1046, iii, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151046.","productDescription":"iii, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053310","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298639,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151046.jpg"},{"id":298638,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1046/pdf/ofr2015-1046.pdf","size":"2.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298637,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1046/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5509421de4b02e76d757d90f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lightsom, Frances L. 0000-0003-4043-3639 flightsom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-3639","contributorId":1535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsom","given":"Frances","email":"flightsom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cicchetti, Giancarlo","contributorId":139652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cicchetti","given":"Giancarlo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wahle, Charles M.","contributorId":139653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wahle","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6637,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70139748,"text":"ds918 - 2015 - Sample descriptions and geophysical logs for cored well BP-3-USGS, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Alamosa County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-17T14:13:31","indexId":"ds918","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"918","title":"Sample descriptions and geophysical logs for cored well BP-3-USGS, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Alamosa County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The BP-3-USGS well was drilled at the southwestern corner of Great Sand Dunes National Park in the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado, 68 feet (ft, 20.7 meters [m]) southwest of the National Park Service&rsquo;s boundary-piezometer (BP) well 3. BP-3-USGS is located at latitude 37&deg;43ʹ18.06ʺN. and longitude 105&deg;43ʹ39.30ʺW., at an elevation of 7,549 ft (2,301 m). The well was drilled through poorly consolidated sediments to a depth of 326 ft (99.4 m) in September 2009. Water began flowing from the well after penetrating a clay-rich layer that was first intercepted at a depth of 119 ft (36.3 m). The base of this layer, at an elevation of 7,415 ft (2,260 m) above sea level, likely marks the top of a regional confined aquifer recognized throughout much of the San Luis Valley. Approximately 69 ft (21 m) of core was recovered (about 21 percent), almost exclusively from clay-rich zones. Coarser grained fractions were collected from mud extruded from the core barrel or captured from upwelling drilling fluids. Natural gamma-ray, full waveform sonic, density, neutron, resistivity, spontaneous potential, and induction logs were acquired. The well is now plugged and abandoned.</p>\n<p>This report presents lithologic descriptions from the well samples and core, along with a compilation and basic data processing of the geophysical logs. The succession of sediments in the well can be generalized into three lithologic packages: (1) mostly sand from the surface to about 77 ft (23.5 m) depth; (2) interbedded sand, silt, and clay, decreasing in overall grain size downward, from 77 to 232 ft (23.5 to 70.7 m) depth; and (3) layers of massive clay alternating with layers of fine sand to silt from 232 to 326 ft (70.7 to 99.4 m), the total depth of the well. The topmost clay layers of the deepest package have a blue tint, prompting a correlation with the &ldquo;blue clay&rdquo; of the San Luis Valley that is commonly considered as the top of the confined aquifer. However, a confining clay was intercepted 113 ft (34.4 m) higher than the blue clay in BP-3-USGS.</p>\n<p>Most of the geophysical logs have good correspondence to the lithologic variations in the well. Exceptions are the gamma-ray log, which is likely affected by naturally occurring radiation from abundant volcanic detritus, and one interval within the deepest lithologic package, which appears to be abnormally electrically conductive. Resistivity logs and variations in sand versus clay content within the well are consistent with electrical resistivity models derived from time-domain electromagnetic geophysical surveys for the area. In particular, the topmost blue clay corresponds to a strong electrical conductor that is prominent in the electromagnetic geophysical data throughout the park and vicinity.</p>\n<p>BP-3-USGS was sited to test hypotheses developed from geophysical studies and to answer questions about the history and evolution of Pliocene and Pleistocene Lake Alamosa, which is represented by lacustrine deposits sampled by the well. The findings reported here represent a basis from which future studies can answer these questions and address other important scientific questions in the San Luis Valley regarding geologic history and climate change, groundwater hydrology, and geophysical interpretation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds918","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., Skipp, G.L., Thomas, J.V., Davis, J.K., and Benson, M.E., 2015, Sample descriptions and geophysical logs for cored well BP-3-USGS, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Alamosa County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 918, Report: vi, 53 p.; Log files; Photographs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds918.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 53 p.; Log files; Photographs","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059656","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds918.jpg"},{"id":298632,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0918/pdf/ds918.pdf","size":"3.10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298633,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0918/downloads/LogFiles/","text":"Log files--data for borehole geophysical logs"},{"id":298634,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0918/downloads/PhotoFiles/","text":"Photographs of samples taken onsite"},{"id":298630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0918/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Great Sand Dune National Park, Great Sand Dune National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.754150390625,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.754150390625,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.117431640625,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.117431640625,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.754150390625,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55094222e4b02e76d757d919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489 tien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"tien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skipp, Gary L. 0000-0002-9404-0980 gskipp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9404-0980","contributorId":2102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Gary","email":"gskipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Jonathan V. 0000-0003-0903-9713 jvthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9713","contributorId":2194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Joshua K.","contributorId":138996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benson, Mary Ellen 0000-0002-4424-0730 mbenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4424-0730","contributorId":4724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Mary","email":"mbenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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