Excess nitrogen (N) is a primary driver of freshwater and coastal eutrophication globally, and urban stormwater is a rapidly growing source of N pollution. Stormwater best management practices (BMPs) are used widely to remove excess N from runoff in urban and suburban areas, and are expected to perform under a wide variety of environmental conditions. Yet the capacity of BMPs to retain excess N varies; and both the variation and the drivers thereof are largely unknown, hindering the ability of water resource managers to meet water quality targets in a cost-effective way. Here, we use structured expert judgment (SEJ), a performance-weighted method of expert elicitation, to quantify the uncertainty in BMP performance under a range of site-specific environmental conditions and to estimate the extent to which key environmental factors influence variation in BMP performance. We hypothesized that rain event frequency and magnitude, BMP type and size, and physiographic province would significantly influence the experts’ estimates of N retention by BMPs common to suburban Piedmont and Coastal Plain watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay region.
\nExpert knowledge indicated wide uncertainty in BMP performance, with N removal efficiencies ranging from <0% (BMP acting as a source of N during a rain event) to >40%. Experts believed that the amount of rain was the primary identifiable source of variability in BMP efficiency, which is relevant given climate projections of more frequent heavy rain events in the mid-Atlantic. To assess the extent to which those projected changes might alter N export from suburban BMPs and watersheds, we combined downscaled estimates of rainfall with distributions of N loads for different-sized rain events derived from our elicitation. The model predicted higher and more variable N loads under a projected future climate regime, suggesting that current BMP regulations for reducing nutrients may be inadequate in the future.
","language":"English","doi":"10.12952/journal.elementa.000063","usgsCitation":"Koch, B.J., Febria, C.M., Cooke, R.M., Hosen, J.D., Baker, M.E., Colson, A.R., Filoso, S., Hayhoe, K., Loperfido, J., Stoner, A.M., and Palmer, M.A., 2015, Suburban watershed nitrogen retention: Estimating the effectiveness of stormwater management structures: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 18 P., https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000063.","productDescription":"18 P.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064020","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000063","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":309839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.46734619140625,\n 38.86323626888358\n ],\n [\n -77.46734619140625,\n 39.342794408952386\n ],\n [\n -76.409912109375,\n 39.342794408952386\n ],\n [\n -76.409912109375,\n 38.86323626888358\n ],\n [\n -77.46734619140625,\n 38.86323626888358\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561e2b3ae4b0cdb063e59cf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, Benjamin J.","contributorId":149185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koch","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17663,"text":"Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Febria, Catherine M.","contributorId":149186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Febria","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17663,"text":"Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooke, Roger M.","contributorId":149187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17664,"text":"Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C., U.S.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hosen, Jacob D.","contributorId":149188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hosen","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17663,"text":"Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, Matthew E.","contributorId":149189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17665,"text":"Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, US","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Colson, Abigail R.","contributorId":149190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colson","given":"Abigail","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17666,"text":"Department of Management Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Filoso, Solange","contributorId":149191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filoso","given":"Solange","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17663,"text":"Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hayhoe, Katharine","contributorId":149192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayhoe","given":"Katharine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17667,"text":"Climate Science Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Loperfido, J. V. jloperfido@usgs.gov","contributorId":131139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loperfido","given":"J. V.","email":"jloperfido@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stoner, Anne M.K.","contributorId":149193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoner","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.K.","affiliations":[{"id":17668,"text":"Climate Science Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, US","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Palmer, Margaret A.","contributorId":149194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17669,"text":"Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, US","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70180974,"text":"70180974 - 2015 - On the reconstruction of palaeo-ice sheets: Recent advances and future challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-11T19:28:15","indexId":"70180974","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the reconstruction of palaeo-ice sheets: Recent advances and future challenges","docAbstract":"Reconstructing the growth and decay of palaeo-ice sheets is critical to understanding mechanisms of global climate change and associated sea-level fluctuations in the past, present and future. The significance of palaeo-ice sheets is further underlined by the broad range of disciplines concerned with reconstructing their behaviour, many of which have undergone a rapid expansion since the 1980s. In particular, there has been a major increase in the size and qualitative diversity of empirical data used to reconstruct and date ice sheets, and major improvements in our ability to simulate their dynamics in numerical ice sheet models. These developments have made it increasingly necessary to forge interdisciplinary links between sub-disciplines and to link numerical modelling with observations and dating of proxy records. The aim of this paper is to evaluate recent developments in the methods used to reconstruct ice sheets and outline some key challenges that remain, with an emphasis on how future work might integrate terrestrial and marine evidence together with numerical modelling. Our focus is on pan-ice sheet reconstructions of the last deglaciation, but regional case studies are used to illustrate methodological achievements, challenges and opportunities. Whilst various disciplines have made important progress in our understanding of ice-sheet dynamics, it is clear that data-model integration remains under-used, and that uncertainties remain poorly quantified in both empirically-based and numerical ice-sheet reconstructions. The representation of past climate will continue to be the largest source of uncertainty for numerical modelling. As such, palaeo-observations are critical to constrain and validate modelling. State-of-the-art numerical models will continue to improve both in model resolution and in the breadth of inclusion of relevant processes, thereby enabling more accurate and more direct comparison with the increasing range of palaeo-observations. Thus, the capability is developing to use all relevant palaeo-records to more strongly constrain deglacial (and to a lesser extent pre-LGM) ice sheet evolution. In working towards that goal, the accurate representation of uncertainties is required for both constraint data and model outputs. Close cooperation between modelling and data-gathering communities is essential to ensure this capability is realised and continues to progress.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.07.016","usgsCitation":"Stokes, C.R., Tarasov, L., Blomdin, R., Cronin, T.M., Fisher, T.G., Gyllencreutz, R., Hattestrand, C., Heyman, J., Hindmarsh, R.C., Hughes, A.L., Jakobsson, M., Kirchner, N., Livingstone, S.J., Margold, M., Murton, J.B., Noormets, R., Peltier, W.R., Peteet, D.M., Piper, D.J., Preusser, F., Renssen, H., Roberts, D.H., Roche, D.M., Saint-Ange, F., Stroeven, A.P., and Teller, J.T., 2015, On the reconstruction of palaeo-ice sheets: Recent advances and future challenges: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 125, p. 15-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.07.016.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-066534","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/a75d46e2-1f29-499f-b305-fec5b88ae18b","text":"External Repository"},{"id":335192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a00057e4b099f50d3e0469","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stokes, Chris R.","contributorId":179153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stokes","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tarasov, Lev","contributorId":179154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tarasov","given":"Lev","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blomdin, Robin","contributorId":179155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blomdin","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Timothy G.","contributorId":179156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisher","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gyllencreutz, Richard","contributorId":179157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gyllencreutz","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hattestrand, Clas","contributorId":179158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hattestrand","given":"Clas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Heyman, Jakob","contributorId":179159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heyman","given":"Jakob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hindmarsh, Richard C. 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C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jakobsson, Martin","contributorId":166854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakobsson","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24562,"text":"Stockholm University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":663012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kirchner, Nina","contributorId":166859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirchner","given":"Nina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24562,"text":"Stockholm University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":663013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Livingstone, Stephen J.","contributorId":179162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Livingstone","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Margold, Martin","contributorId":179163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Margold","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Murton, Julian B.","contributorId":179164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murton","given":"Julian","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Noormets, Riko","contributorId":166861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noormets","given":"Riko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24564,"text":"The University Centre in Svalbard","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":663017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Peltier, W. Richard","contributorId":150752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peltier","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":663018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Peteet, Dorothy M. 0000-0003-3029-7506","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3029-7506","contributorId":147523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peteet","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16858,"text":"Goddard Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":663019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Piper, David J. W.","contributorId":179165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Preusser, Frank","contributorId":179166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Preusser","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Renssen, Hans","contributorId":179167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renssen","given":"Hans","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Roberts, David H.","contributorId":168320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":25252,"text":"Durham University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":663023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Roche, Didier M.","contributorId":179168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roche","given":"Didier","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Saint-Ange, Francky","contributorId":179169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saint-Ange","given":"Francky","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Stroeven, Arjen P.","contributorId":179170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stroeven","given":"Arjen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Teller, James T.","contributorId":179171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teller","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":70157061,"text":"sir20155124 - 2015 - Discharge, suspended sediment, bedload, and water quality in Clear Creek, western Nevada, water years 2010-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-01T09:04:14","indexId":"sir20155124","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-30T17:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5124","title":"Discharge, suspended sediment, bedload, and water quality in Clear Creek, western Nevada, water years 2010-12","docAbstract":"Clear Creek is a small stream that drains the eastern Sierra Nevada near Lake Tahoe, flows roughly parallel to the U.S. Highway 50 corridor, and discharges to the Carson River near Carson City, Nevada. Historical and ongoing development in the drainage basin is thought to be affecting Clear Creek and its sediment-transport characteristics. A baseline study from water years 2004–07 collected and evaluated data at three Clear Creek sampling sites. These data included discharge, selected water-quality parameters, and suspended-sediment concentrations, loads, and yields. This study builds on what was learned from the baseline study in water years 2004–07 and serves as a continuation of the data collection and analyses of the Clear Creek discharge regime and associated water-quality and sediment concentrations and loads during water years 2010–12.
\nDuring this study, total annual sediment loads ranged from 355 tons per year in 2010 to 1,768 tons per year in 2011 and were significantly lower than the previous study (water years 2004–07). Bedload represented between 29 and 38 percent of total sediment load in water years 2010–12, and between 72 and 90 percent of the total sediment load in water years 2004–07, which indicates a decrease in bedload between study periods. Annual suspended-sediment loads in water years 2010–12 indicated no significant change from water years 2004–07. Mean daily discharge was significantly lower in water years 2010–12 than in waters years 2004–07 and may be the reason for the decrease in bedload that resulted in a lower total sediment load.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Huntington, J.M., and Savard, C.S., 2015, Discharge, suspended sediment, bedload, and water quality in Clear Creek, western Nevada, water years 2010–12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5124, 39 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155124.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-040257","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5124/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309379,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5124/sir20155124.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5124 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Clear Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.91920471191406,\n 39.02665200282546\n ],\n [\n -119.91920471191406,\n 39.188360332930166\n ],\n [\n -119.72333908081055,\n 39.188360332930166\n ],\n [\n -119.72333908081055,\n 39.02665200282546\n ],\n [\n -119.91920471191406,\n 39.02665200282546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, NV 89701
http://nevada.usgs.gov/water/
An important and sometimes overlooked aspect of contemporary natural gas exploration, development, and delivery activities is the geographic profile and spatial footprint that these activities have on the land surface. The function of many ecosystems and the goods and services they provide, in large part, are the result of their natural spatial arrangement on the landscape. Shale-gas development can create alterations to the pattern of land use and land cover, and represents a specific form of land use and land cover change that can substantially impact critical aspects of the spatial pattern, form, and function of landscape interactions, including many biological responses.
\nThe need for energy resources has created numerous economic opportunities for hydrocarbon extraction in the Appalachian basin. The development of alternative energy natural gas resources from deep-shale drilling techniques, along with conventional natural gas extraction methods, has created a flurry of wells, roads, pipelines, and related infrastructure across many parts of the region. An unintended and sometimes overlooked consequence of these activities is their effect on the structure and function of the landscape and ecosystems. The collective effect of over 100,000 hydrocarbon extraction permits for oil, coal bed methane, Marcellus and Utica Shale natural gas wells, and other types of hydrocarbon gases and their associated infrastructure has saturated much of the landscape and disturbed the natural environment in the Appalachian basin. The disturbance created by the sheer magnitude of the development of these collective wells and infrastructure directly affects how the landscape and ecosystems function and how they provide ecological goods and services.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153064","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E.T., Milheim, L.E., Roig-Silva, C.M., and Kalaly, S.S., 2015, Effects of hydrocarbon extraction on landscapes of the Appalachian basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015–3064, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153064.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065693","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3064/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":308981,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3064/fs20153064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3064"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.388671875,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -76.6845703125,\n 43.40504748787035\n ],\n [\n -82.880859375,\n 41.42625319507272\n ],\n [\n -82.81494140625,\n 38.53097889440026\n ],\n [\n -83.91357421875,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -79.82666015625,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -77.58544921874999,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -73.388671875,\n 42.924251753870685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Eastern Geographic Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
521 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://egsc.usgs.gov
The bedrock geology of the 7.5-minute Worcester South quadrangle, Massachusetts, consists of deformed Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic crystalline metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks in three fault-bounded terranes (zones), including the Avalon, Nashoba, and Merrimack zones (Zen and others, 1983). This quadrangle spans the easternmost occurrence of Ganderian margin arc-related rocks (Nashoba zone) in the southern New England part of the northern Appalachians, and coincides with the trailing edge of Ganderia (Merrimack and Nashoba zones) where it structurally overlies Avalonia (Hibbard and others, 2006; Pollock and others, 2012; van Staal and others, 2009, 2012).
\nNeoproterozoic intrusive rocks and minor metasedimentary rocks crop out in the Avalon zone and structurally underlie the rocks of the Nashoba zone along the Bluddy Bluff fault. Due to poor exposure, the position of the Bloody Bluff fault is not well-constrained and its location is partly extrapolated from mapping in adjacent areas (Barosh, 2005; Walsh and others, 2011a). Cambrian intrusive rocks and Cambrian to Silurian metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks crop out in the Nashoba zone, and are overlain by largely Silurian metasedimentary rocks of the Merrimack zone along the Clinton-Newbury fault. Ordovician to Permian(?) plutonic rocks intrude the Merrimack and Nashoba zone rocks. Paleozoic metamorphism in the Merrimack and Nashoba zones peaked during Salinic, Acadian, and Neoacadian orogenesis from the Silurian to Mississippian (Wintsch and others, 2007; Stroud and others, 2009; Walsh and others, 2011a; Hepburn and others, 2014). Metamorphism in the Avalon zone peaked during Alleghanian orogenesis in the Mississippian to Permian (Wintsch and others, 1992, 1993, 2001; Attenoukon, 2008). Evidence for garnet-grade extensional Alleghanian mylonitization showing normal motion along the Clinton-Newbury fault occurred after presumed original terrane juxtaposition by left-lateral Acadian thrusting (Goldstein, 1994). Subsequent post-peak metamorphic deformation produced outcrop-scale open folds and weak cleavage, local faults, veins, shear bands, and pegmatite dikes. Locally, along re-activated ductile faults such as the Bloody Bluff fault and along the Wekepeke fault, late Paleozoic to Mesozoic mainly brittle normal fault motion led to the current configuration of fault-bounded lithotectonic terranes (Goldstein, 1982, 1994, 1998; Goldstein and Hepburn, 1999; Goldsmith, 1991; Attenoukon, 2008; Wintsch and others, 2012). The youngest deformation includes kink bands, brittle faults, and joints.
\nThe bedrock geology was mapped to study the tectonic history of the area and to provide a framework for ongoing hydrogeologic characterization of the fractured bedrock of Massachusetts. This report presents mapping by Gregory J. Walsh and Arthur J. Merschat from 2008 to 2010. The report consists of a map and GIS database, both of which are available for download at http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3133/sim3345. The database includes contacts of bedrock geologic units, faults, outcrop locations, structural information, and photographs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3345","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., and Merschat, A.J., 2015, Bedrock geologic map of the Worcester South quadrangle, Worcester County, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3345, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3345.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 62.36 x 37.06 inches; Metadata; Readme; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-062629","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399009,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_103402.htm"},{"id":308451,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3345/downloads/readme.txt","text":"SIM 3345 - Read Me File","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 3345"},{"id":308449,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3345/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":308457,"rank":8,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3345/downloads/SIM3345.zip","text":"SIM 3345 - With Photographs","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3345"},{"id":308458,"rank":9,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3345/downloads/SIM3345_withoutphotos.zip","text":"SIM 3345 - Without Photographs","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3345"},{"id":308454,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3345/downloads/metadata.html","text":"SIM 3345 - Metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIM 3345"},{"id":308455,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3345/downloads/metadata.txt","text":"SIM 3345 - Metadata Txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 3345"},{"id":308453,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3345/downloads/metadata.faq.html","text":"SIM 3345 - Metadata FAQ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIM 3345"},{"id":308456,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3345/downloads/metadata.xml","text":"SIM 3345 - Metadata (XML)","description":"SIM 3345"},{"id":308450,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3345/sim3345.pdf","text":"SIM 3345 Map","description":"SIM 3345"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","county":"Worcester County","otherGeospatial":"Worcester South quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.875,\n 42.125\n ],\n [\n -71.875,\n 42.25\n ],\n [\n -71.75,\n 42.25\n ],\n [\n -71.75,\n 42.125\n ],\n [\n -71.875,\n 42.125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
926A National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://geology.er.usgs.gov/egpsc/
Gregory J. Walsh
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 628
87 State Street, Room 228
Montpelier, VT 05602
Email: gwalsh@usgs.gov
The Masters 7.5' quadrangle is located along the South Platte River corridor on the semiarid plains of eastern Colorado and contains surficial deposits that record alluvial, eolian, and hillslope processes that have operated in concert with environmental changes from Pleistocene to present time. The South Platte River, originating high in the Colorado Front Range, has played a major role in shaping the surficial geology of the quadrangle, which is situated downstream of where the last of the major headwater tributaries (St. Vrain, Big Thompson, and Cache la Poudre) join the river. Recurrent glaciation (and deglaciation) of basin headwaters affected river discharge and sediment supply far downstream, influencing deposition of alluvium and terrace formation in the Masters quadrangle. Kiowa and Bijou Creeks, unglaciated tributaries originating in the Colorado Piedmont east of the Front Range and joining the South Platte River just downstream of the Masters quadrangle, also have played a major role by periodically delivering large volumes of sediment to the river during flood events, which may have temporarily dammed the river. Eolian sand deposits of the Greeley (north of river) and Fort Morgan (south of river) dune fields cover much of the quadrangle and record past episodes of sand mobilization during times of prolonged drought. With the onset of irrigation and damming during historical times, the South Platte River has changed from a broad, shallow sandy braided river with highly seasonal discharge to a much narrower, deeper river with braided-meandering transition morphology and more uniform discharge. Along the reach of river in the Masters quadrangle, the river has incised into Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale, which, although buried by alluvial deposits here, is locally exposed downstream along the South Platte River bluff near the Bijou Creek confluence, in some of the larger draws, and along Wildcat Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3344","usgsCitation":"Berry, M.E., Slate, J.L., Paces, J.B., Hanson, P.R., and Brandt, T.R., 2015, Geologic Map of the Masters 7.5' Quadrangle, Weld and Morgan Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3344, 10 p. appendix, 1 sheet, 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3344.","productDescription":"Sheet: 53.82 x 35.65 inches; Appendix; Database Files; Read Me","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-061244","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3344/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":308035,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3344/Database_files/00ReadMe.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"6.04","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"ReadMe"},{"id":363169,"rank":10,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195020","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5020 —","linkHelpText":"Pleistocene and Holocene Landscape Development of the South Platte River Corridor, Northeastern Colorado"},{"id":354898,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3396","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3396 —","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Weldona 7.5' quadrangle, Morgan County, Colorado"},{"id":308041,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3331/","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3331 —","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Orchard 7.5' quadrangle, Morgan County, Colorado"},{"id":354899,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3408","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3408 —","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Fort Morgan 7.5' quadrangle, Morgan County, Colorado"},{"id":308033,"rank":5,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3344/Database_files","text":"Database Files","description":"SIM 3344 Database"},{"id":308032,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3344/sim3344_appendix_1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"9.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3344 Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"The U-series dating method and supporting Th/U data are described separately."},{"id":308030,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3344/sim3344_map.pdf","text":"Map","size":"60.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3344"},{"id":308031,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3344/sim3344_map_geo.pdf","text":"Georeferenced Map","size":"115 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3344"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Morgan County, Weld County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.25132751464844,\n 40.24415712519858\n ],\n [\n -104.25132751464844,\n 40.37584377696013\n ],\n [\n -104.12635803222656,\n 40.37584377696013\n ],\n [\n -104.12635803222656,\n 40.24415712519858\n ],\n [\n -104.25132751464844,\n 40.24415712519858\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
http://gec.cr.usgs.gov/
The M5.8 23 August 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake was felt over nearly the entire eastern United States and was recorded by a wide array of seismic broadband instruments. The earthquake occurred ~200 km southeast of the boundary between two distinct geologic belts, the Piedmont and Blue Ridge terranes to the southeast and the Valley and Ridge Province to the northwest. At a dominant period of 3 s, coherent postcritical P-wave (i.e., direct longitudinal waves trapped in the crustal waveguide) arrivals persist to a much greater distance for propagation paths toward the northwest quadrant than toward other directions; this is probably related to the relatively high crustal thickness beneath and west of the Appalachian Mountains. The seismic surface-wave arrivals comprise two distinct classes: those with weakly dispersed Rayleigh waves and those with strongly dispersed Rayleigh waves. We attribute the character of Rayleigh wave arrivals in the first class to wave propagation through a predominantly crystalline crust (Blue Ridge Mountains and Piedmont terranes) with a relatively thin veneer of sedimentary rock, whereas the temporal extent of the Rayleigh wave arrivals in the second class are well explained as the effect of the thick sedimentary cover of the Valley and Ridge Province and adjacent Appalachian Plateau province to its northwest. Broadband surface-wave ground velocity is amplified along both north-northwest and northeast azimuths from the Mineral, Virginia, source. The former may arise from lateral focusing effects arising from locally thick sedimentary cover in the Appalachian Basin, and the latter may result from directivity effects due to a northeast rupture propagation along the finite fault plane.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.2509(06)","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., and Mooney, W.D., 2015, Regional seismic-wave propagation from the M5.8 23 August 2011, Mineral, Virginia, earthquake: GSA Special Papers, v. 509, p. 95-116, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2509(06).","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"116","ipdsId":"IP-050763","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -69,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -69,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -88,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -88,\n 31\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"509","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910afe4b0764e6c5e887d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157541,"text":"sir20155012 - 2015 - Gold-silver mining districts, alteration zones, and paleolandforms in the Miocene Bodie Hills Volcanic Field, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T13:54:35","indexId":"sir20155012","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-25T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5012","title":"Gold-silver mining districts, alteration zones, and paleolandforms in the Miocene Bodie Hills Volcanic Field, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"GMEG staff, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Tucson, Arizona
U.S. Geological Survey., c/o University of Arizona
ENRB Bldg, 520 N. Park Ave, Rm 355
Tucson, AZ 85719-5035
http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/gmeg/
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-09-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56066223e4b058f706e5192a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vikre, Peter G. pvikre@usgs.gov","contributorId":1800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter G.","email":"pvikre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157440,"text":"70157440 - 2015 - Aleutian basin oceanic crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T06:42:46","indexId":"70157440","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-24T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aleutian basin oceanic crust","docAbstract":"
We present two-dimensional P-wave velocity structure along two wide-angle ocean bottom seismometer profiles from the Aleutian basin in the Bering Sea. The basement here is commonly considered to be trapped oceanic crust, yet there is a change in orientation of magnetic lineations and gravity features within the basin that might reflect later processes. Line 1 extends ∼225 km from southwest to northeast, while Line 2 extends ∼225 km from northwest to southeast and crosses the observed change in magnetic lineation orientation. Velocities of the sediment layer increase from 2.0 km/s at the seafloor to 3.0–3.4 km/s just above basement, crustal velocities increase from 5.1–5.6 km/s at the top of basement to 7.0–7.1 km/s at the base of the crust, and upper mantle velocities are 8.1–8.2 km/s. Average sediment thickness is 3.8–3.9 km for both profiles. Crustal thickness varies from 6.2 to 9.6 km, with average thickness of 7.2 km on Line 1 and 8.8 km on Line 2. There is no clear change in crustal structure associated with a change in orientation of magnetic lineations and gravity features. The velocity structure is consistent with that of normal or thickened oceanic crust. The observed increase in crustal thickness from west to east is interpreted as reflecting an increase in melt supply during crustal formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.040","usgsCitation":"Christeson, G.L., and Barth, G., 2015, Aleutian basin oceanic crust: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 426, p. 167-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.040.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064660","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.040","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian basin, Bering Sea","volume":"426","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560510cae4b058f706e5129b","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.040","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.040","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Christeson G.L., Barth G.A.","journalName":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","publicationDate":"9/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christeson, Gail L.","contributorId":147203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christeson","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13603,"text":"University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barth, Ginger A. gbarth@usgs.gov","contributorId":3595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"Ginger A.","email":"gbarth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159641,"text":"70159641 - 2015 - Early-Holocene warming in Beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:03:29","indexId":"70159641","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-24T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1250,"text":"Climate of the Past","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early-Holocene warming in Beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes","docAbstract":"Arctic land-cover changes induced by recent global climate change (e.g., expansion of woody vegetation into tundra and effects of permafrost degradation) are expected to generate further feedbacks to the climate system. Past changes can be used to assess our understanding of feedback mechanisms through a combination of process modeling and paleo-observations. The subcontinental region of Beringia (northeastern Siberia, Alaska, and northwestern Canada) was largely ice-free at the peak of deglacial warming and experienced both major vegetation change and loss of permafrost when many arctic regions were still ice covered. The evolution of Beringian climate at this time was largely driven by global features, such as the amplified seasonal cycle of Northern Hemisphere insolation and changes in global ice volume and atmospheric composition, but changes in regional land-surface controls, such as the widespread development of thaw lakes, the replacement of tundra by deciduous forest or woodland, and the flooding of the Bering–Chukchi land bridge, were probably also important. We examined the sensitivity of Beringia's early Holocene climate to these regional-scale controls using a regional climate model (RegCM). Lateral and oceanic boundary conditions were provided by global climate simulations conducted using the GENESIS V2.01 atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with a mixed-layer ocean. We carried out two present-day simulations of regional climate – one with modern and one with 11 ka geography – plus another simulation for 6 ka. In addition, we performed five ~ 11 ka climate simulations, each driven by the same global AGCM boundary conditions: (i) 11 ka Control, which represents conditions just prior to the major transitions (exposed land bridge, no thaw lakes or wetlands, widespread tundra vegetation), (ii) sea-level rise, which employed present-day continental outlines, (iii) vegetation change, with deciduous needleleaf and deciduous broadleaf boreal vegetation types distributed as suggested by the paleoecological record, (iv) thaw lakes, which used the present-day distribution of lakes and wetlands, and (v) post-11 ka All, incorporating all boundary conditions changed in experiments (ii)–(iv). We find that regional-scale controls strongly mediate the climate responses to changes in the large-scale controls, amplifying them in some cases, damping them in others, and, overall, generating considerable spatial heterogeneity in the simulated climate changes. The change from tundra to deciduous woodland produces additional widespread warming in spring and early summer over that induced by the 11 ka insolation regime alone, and lakes and wetlands produce modest and localized cooling in summer and warming in winter. The greatest effect is the flooding of the land bridge and shelves, which produces generally cooler conditions in summer but warmer conditions in winter and is most clearly manifest on the flooded shelves and in eastern Beringia. By 6 ka continued amplification of the seasonal cycle of insolation and loss of the Laurentide ice sheet produce temperatures similar to or higher than those at 11 ka, plus a longer growing season.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/cp-11-1197-2015","usgsCitation":"Bartlein, P., Edwards, M.E., Hostetler, S.W., Shafer, S., Anderson, P.M., Brubaker, L.B., and Lozhkin, A., 2015, Early-Holocene warming in Beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes: Climate of the Past, v. 11, no. 9, p. 1197-1222, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1197-2015.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1197","endPage":"1222","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062524","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1197-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beringia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -208.65234374999997,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -208.65234374999997,\n 76.31035754301745\n ],\n [\n -115.31249999999999,\n 76.31035754301745\n ],\n [\n -115.31249999999999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -208.65234374999997,\n 42.032974332441405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564b0c45e4b0ebfbef0d3144","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, M. E.","contributorId":29977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah 0000-0003-3739-2637 sshafer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3739-2637","contributorId":149866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah","email":"sshafer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, P. M.","contributorId":71722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brubaker, L. B","contributorId":149867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brubaker","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":17844,"text":"University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lozhkin, A. V","contributorId":149868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lozhkin","given":"A. V","affiliations":[{"id":17845,"text":"North East Interdisciplinary Research Inst, Far East Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70157262,"text":"ofr20151154 - 2015 - National assessment of nor’easter-induced coastal erosion hazards: mid- and northeast Atlantic coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-22T08:31:38","indexId":"ofr20151154","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-21T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1154","title":"National assessment of nor’easter-induced coastal erosion hazards: mid- and northeast Atlantic coast","docAbstract":"Beaches serve as a natural buffer between the ocean and inland communities, ecosystems, and natural resources. However, these dynamic environments move and change in response to winds, waves, and currents. During extreme storms, changes to beaches can be great, and the results are sometimes catastrophic. Lives may be lost, communities destroyed, and millions of dollars spent on rebuilding.
\nDuring storms, large waves may erode beaches, and high storm surge may shift the erosive force of the waves higher on the beach. In some cases, the combined effects of waves and surge may cause overwash (when waves and surge overtop the dune, transporting sediment inland) or flooding. Buildings and infrastructure on or near a dune can be undermined during wave attack and subsequent erosion. A number of strong northeast storms—storms with winds tending to blow from the northeast direction—referred to as nor’easters, have hit the mid- and northeast Atlantic coast of the United States in recent years (February 2013 and January 2015). Waves from these storms caused severe erosion, flooding, and undermining of roads in many areas along the northeast Atlantic coast.
\nWaves overtopping a dune can transport water and sand inland, covering roads and blocking evacuation routes or impeding emergency relief. If storm surge inundates barrier island dunes, currents flowing across the island can create a breach, or a new inlet, completely severing evacuation routes.
\nExtreme coastal changes caused by hurricanes or nor’easters may increase the vulnerability of communities both during a storm and to future storms. For example, when sand dunes are substantially eroded, inland structures are exposed to storm surge and waves. On barrier islands, absent or low dunes allow water to flow inland across the island.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151154","usgsCitation":"Birchler, J.J., Dalyander, P.S., Stockdon, H.F., and Doran, K.S., 2015, National assessment of nor’easter-induced coastal erosion hazards—Mid- and northeast Atlantic coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1154, 34 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151154.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.; Metadata; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-064838","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308309,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://olga.er.usgs.gov/data/NACCH/Noreasters_erosion_hazards_metadata.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1154","linkHelpText":"Probability Model Outputs: National Assessment of Nor'easter-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Mid- and Northeast Atlantic Coast (Polyline Shapefile)"},{"id":308195,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1154/ofr20151154.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1154"},{"id":308308,"rank":3,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://olga.er.usgs.gov/data/NACCH/Noreasters_erosion_hazards.zip","text":"Nor'easter Erosion Hazards Data Download","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2015-1154"},{"id":308187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1154/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Mid-Atlantic Coast, Northeast Atlantic Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.99169921875,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -78.99169921875,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -68.18115234375,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -68.18115234375,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -78.99169921875,\n 33.65120829920497\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 Fourth Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
http://marine.usgs.gov/coastalchangehazards/
The database in this Open-File Report describes the geology of Joshua Tree National Park and was completed in support of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and in cooperation with the National Park Service (NPS). The geologic observations and interpretations represented in the database are relevant to both the ongoing scientific interests of the USGS in southern California and the management requirements of NPS, specifically of Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR).
Joshua Tree National Park is situated within the eastern part of California’s Transverse Ranges province and straddles the transition between the Mojave and Sonoran deserts. The geologically diverse terrain that underlies JOTR reveals a rich and varied geologic evolution, one that spans nearly two billion years of Earth history. The Park’s landscape is the current expression of this evolution, its varied landforms reflecting the differing origins of underlying rock types and their differing responses to subsequent geologic events. Crystalline basement in the Park consists of Proterozoic plutonic and metamorphic rocks intruded by a composite Mesozoic batholith of Triassic through Late Cretaceous plutons arrayed in northwest-trending lithodemic belts. The basement was exhumed during the Cenozoic and underwent differential deep weathering beneath a low-relief erosion surface, with the deepest weathering profiles forming on quartz-rich, biotite-bearing granitoid rocks. Disruption of the basement terrain by faults of the San Andreas system began ca. 20 Ma and the JOTR sinistral domain, preceded by basalt eruptions, began perhaps as early as ca. 7 Ma, but no later than 5 Ma. Uplift of the mountain blocks during this interval led to erosional stripping of the thick zones of weathered quartz-rich granitoid rocks to form etchplains dotted by bouldery tors—the iconic landscape of the Park. The stripped debris filled basins along the fault zones.
Mountain ranges and basins in the Park exhibit an east-west physiographic grain controlled by left-lateral fault zones that form a sinistral domain within the broad zone of dextral shear along the transform boundary between the North American and Pacific plates. Geologic and geophysical evidence reveal that movement on the sinistral faults zones has resulted in left steps along the zones, resulting in the development of sub-basins beneath Pinto Basin and Shavers and Chuckwalla Valleys. The sinistral fault zones connect the Mojave Desert dextral faults of the Eastern California Shear Zone to the north and east with the Coachella Valley strands of the southern San Andreas Fault Zone to the west.
Quaternary surficial deposits accumulated in alluvial washes and playas and lakes along the valley floors; in alluvial fans, washes, and sheet wash aprons along piedmonts flanking the mountain ranges; and in eolian dunes and sand sheets that span the transition from valley floor to piedmont slope. Sequences of Quaternary pediments are planed into piedmonts flanking valley-floor and upland basins, each pediment in turn overlain by successively younger residual and alluvial surficial deposits.
GMEG staff, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Tucson, Arizona
U.S. Geological Survey, c/o University of Arizona
ENRB Bldg, 520 N. Park Ave, Rm 355
Tucson, Arizona 85719-5035
http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/
We present new marine seismic‐reflection profiles and bathymetric maps to characterize Holocene depositional patterns, submarine landslides, and active faults beneath eastern and central Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, which is the eastern rupture patch of the 1964 Mw 9.2 earthquake. We show evidence that submarine landslides, many of which are likely earthquake triggered, repeatedly released along the southern margin of Orca Bay in eastern PWS. We document motion on reverse faults during the 1964 Great Alaska earthquake and estimate late Holocene slip rates for these growth faults, which splay from the subduction zone megathrust. Regional bathymetric lineations help define the faults that extend 40–70 km in length, some of which show slip rates as great as 3.75 mm/yr. We infer that faults mapped below eastern PWS connect to faults mapped beneath central PWS and possibly onto the Alaska mainland via an en echelon style of faulting. Moderate (Mw>4) upper‐plate earthquakes since 1964 give rise to the possibility that these faults may rupture independently to potentially generate Mw 7–8 earthquakes, and that these earthquakes could damage local infrastructure from ground shaking. Submarine landslides, regardless of the source of initiation, could generate local tsunamis to produce large run‐ups along nearby shorelines. In a more general sense, the PWS area shows that faults that splay from the underlying plate boundary present proximal, perhaps independent seismic sources within the accretionary prism, creating a broad zone of potential surface rupture that can extend inland 150 km or more from subduction zone trenches.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120140273","usgsCitation":"Finn, S., Liberty, L.M., Haeussler, P.J., and Pratt, T.L., 2015, Landslides and megathrust splay faults captured by the late Holocene sediment record of eastern Prince William Sound, Alaska: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 5, p. 2343-2353, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140273.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2343","endPage":"2353","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066872","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.512939453125,\n 59.147769484619786\n ],\n [\n -149.512939453125,\n 61.454521127671924\n ],\n [\n -144.20654296875,\n 61.454521127671924\n ],\n [\n -144.20654296875,\n 59.147769484619786\n ],\n [\n -149.512939453125,\n 59.147769484619786\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562b5a30e4b00162522207d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, S.P.","contributorId":65438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liberty, Lee M.","contributorId":89631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liberty","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156696,"text":"ofr20151167 - 2015 - Fire patterns in the range of the greater sage-grouse, 1984-2013 - Implications for conservation and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T10:51:56","indexId":"ofr20151167","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-10T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1167","title":"Fire patterns in the range of the greater sage-grouse, 1984-2013 - Implications for conservation and management","docAbstract":"Fire ranks among the top three threats to the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) throughout its range, and among the top two threats in the western part of its range. The national research strategy for this species and the recent U.S. Department of the Interior Secretarial Order 3336 call for science-based threats assessment of fire to inform conservation planning and fire management efforts. The cornerstone of such assessments is a clear understanding of where fires are occurring and what aspects of fire regimes may be shifting outside of their historical range of variation. This report fulfills this need by describing patterns of fire area, fire size, fire rotation, and fire season length and timing from 1984 to 2013 across the range of the greater sage-grouse. This information need is further addressed by evaluating the ecological and management implications of these fire patterns. Analyses are stratified by major vegetation types and the seven greater sage-grouse management zones, delineated regionally as four western and three eastern management zones. Soil temperature and moisture indicators of resilience to fire and resistance to cheatgrass invasion, and the potential for establishment of a grass/fire cycle, are used as unifying concepts in developing fire threat assessments for each analysis strata.
\nThe results indicate that fire threats are higher in the four western than in the three eastern management zones. Among the four western management zones, the Snake River Plain and the Columbia Basin ranked somewhat higher than the Southern Great Basin and Northern Great Basin in terms of fire effects on sage-grouse habitat. These results support the previous high ranking of fire as a threat to the greater sage-grouse in the western region. In contrast, considering the low rankings for fire threats in the eastern region, it may be useful to reconsider the relative importance of wildfire as a threat to greater sage-grouse in those three management zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151167","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.L., Matchett, J.R., Shinneman, D.J., and Coates, P.S., 2015, Fire patterns in the range of greater sage-grouse, 1984–2013—Implications for conservation and management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1167, 66 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151167.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 66 p.; Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067763","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438683,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76971N5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fire Patterns in the Range of the Greater Sage-Grouse, 1984-2013-Implications for Conservation and Management"},{"id":307546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1167/ofr20151167.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1167 PDF"},{"id":307547,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1167/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":312278,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F76971N5","text":"Data Release"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau, Columbia Basin, Great Plains, Northern Great Basin, Snake River Plain, Southern Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 35.42486791930558\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://werc.usgs.gov/
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Fire Pattern Results
Discussion of Fire Patterns
Fire Threats Assessment for Greater Sage-Grouse Habitat
Acknowledgments
References Cited
Appendixes 1-13
Three broadband simulation methods are used to generate synthetic ground motions for the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake and compare with observed motions. The methods include a physics‐based model by Hartzell et al. (1999, 2005), a stochastic source‐based model by Boore (2009), and a stochastic site‐based model by Rezaeian and Der Kiureghian (2010, 2012). The ground‐motion dataset consists of 40 stations within 600 km of the epicenter. Several metrics are used to validate the simulations: (1) overall bias of response spectra and Fourier spectra (from 0.1 to 10 Hz); (2) spatial distribution of residuals for GMRotI50 peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity, and pseudospectral acceleration (PSA) at various periods; (3) comparison with ground‐motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for the eastern United States. Our results show that (1) the physics‐based model provides satisfactory overall bias from 0.1 to 10 Hz and produces more realistic synthetic waveforms; (2) the stochastic site‐based model also yields more realistic synthetic waveforms and performs superiorly for frequencies greater than about 1 Hz; (3) the stochastic source‐based model has larger bias at lower frequencies (<0.5 Hz) and cannot reproduce the varying frequency content in the time domain. The spatial distribution of GMRotI50 residuals shows that there is no obvious pattern with distance in the simulation bias, but there is some azimuthal variability. The comparison between synthetics and GMPEs shows similar fall‐off with distance for all three models, comparable PGA and PSA amplitudes for the physics‐based and stochastic site‐based models, and systematic lower amplitudes for the stochastic source‐based model at lower frequencies (<0.5 Hz).
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito","doi":"10.1785/0120140311","usgsCitation":"Sun, X., Hartzell, S.H., and Rezaeian, S., 2015, Ground motion simulation for the 23 August 2011, Mineral, Virginia earthquake using physics-based and stochastic broadband methods: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 5, p. 2641-2661, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140311.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2641","endPage":"2661","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063943","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.5068359375,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -84.5068359375,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -73.5205078125,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -73.5205078125,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -84.5068359375,\n 32.731840896865684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5628b734e4b0d158f5926c22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Xiaodan","contributorId":139583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Xiaodan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rezaeian, Sanaz 0000-0001-7589-7893 srezaeian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-7893","contributorId":4395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rezaeian","given":"Sanaz","email":"srezaeian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156555,"text":"sir20155117 - 2015 - A conceptual framework and monitoring strategy for movement of saltwater in the coastal plain aquifer system of Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-04T11:18:05","indexId":"sir20155117","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-04T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5117","title":"A conceptual framework and monitoring strategy for movement of saltwater in the coastal plain aquifer system of Virginia","docAbstract":"A conceptual framework synthesizes previous studies to provide an understanding of conditions, processes, and relations of saltwater to groundwater withdrawal in the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system. A strategy for monitoring saltwater movement is based on spatial relations between the saltwater-transition zone and 612 groundwater-production wells that were regulated during 2013 by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality. The vertical position and lateral distance and direction of the bottom of each production well’s screened interval was calculated relative to previously published groundwater chloride iso-concentration surfaces. Spatial analysis identified 81 production wells completed in the Yorktown-Eastover and Potomac aquifers that are positioned in closest proximity to the 250-milligrams-per-liter chloride surface, and from which chloride concentrations are most likely to increase above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s 250-milligrams-per-liter secondary maximum-contaminant level. Observation wells are specified to distinguish vertical upconing from lateral intrusion among individual production wells. To monitor upconing, an observation well is to be collocated with each production well and completed at about the altitude of the 250-milligrams-per-liter chloride iso-concentration surface. To monitor lateral intrusion, a potential location of an observation well is projected from the bottom of each production well’s screened interval, in the lateral direction to the underlying chloride surface to a distance of 1 mile.
\nMonitoring potential withdrawal-induced movement of saltwater in the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system is needed to detect increases in chloride concentration before groundwater-production wells become contaminated. An investigation was undertaken during 2014 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, to provide a sound scientific understanding of saltwater movement and guidance to implement a monitoring program. Previous studies have theorized that the saltwater originated primarily from seawater repeatedly emplaced within aquifer sediments during the past about 65 million years. Subsequent flushing by fresh groundwater has been impeded across sediments filling the Chesapeake Bay impact crater. The resulting saltwater-transition zone has been mapped to exhibit a warped and steeply mounded dome shape about centered on the impact crater, and flanked by a nearly level and shallow plateau shape to the southeast. Groundwater chloride concentrations have historically fluctuated during periods of weeks to months, probably as a result of localized vertical upconing beneath individual production wells. Lateral intrusion takes several decades or more to horizontally displace groundwater across distances of about 1 mile toward production wells. Upconing is relatively immediate, but reversible, whereas lateral intrusion under the regionally landward hydraulic gradient may slowly, but permanently reposition the saltwater-transition zone. Upconing coupled with lateral intrusion is theorized to produce composite chloride-concentration trends that vary widely over time in response to changing water demands, and evolve dynamically from hydraulic interactions among multiple neighboring production wells.
\nSome aspects of observation-well construction and sampling are of particular importance to monitoring saltwater movement in the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system. Observation wells should feature screened intervals generally of no more than 10 feet that isolate distinct parts of the aquifer, and be thoroughly developed for removal of drilling fluid and introduced water. Presample purging should fully displace stratified saltwater in the well casing upward to the pump. Stable flow should be maintained as field parameters are measured and sample containers are filled with filtered water isolated from the atmosphere and unaffected by surface temperature. Groundwater samples from both upconing and lateral-intrusion observation wells should initially be collected four times per year when wells are newly established, but can be more optimally timed with withdrawal once responses in chloride concentrations can be reliably predicted. Concentrations of major ions (1) determine the dominant chemical composition of groundwater at each well, (2) establish the relative position of the well within the saltwater-transition zone, and (3) provide data quality control by calculation of sample charge balance. For these reasons, samples initially collected for the first year from newly established observation wells should be analyzed for calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium cations and chloride, bicarbonate, carbonate, sulfate, fluoride, and bromide anions. Inflection-point titration for alkalinity should be completed in the field. Analysis of chloride and field parameters may be adequate on a long-term basis once the dominant chemical composition at each well is established. Specific conductance may also provide a surrogate for chloride concentration depending on regulatory policy.
\nThe saltwater-movement monitoring strategy is limited and constrained. Relative monitoring needs among groundwater-production wells, and construction of observation wells, depend on the accuracy of previously mapped groundwater chloride iso-concentration surfaces. Production wells in similar proximity to saltwater can differ in aquifer hydraulic conductivity, rates of withdrawal, and screened-interval lengths. Only production wells making withdrawals reported to the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality have been accounted for; undocumented production wells can result in spurious changes in groundwater chloride concentration. Upconing observation wells should be as close as possible to corresponding production wells, so long as production wells are not damaged by borehole deviation. Projected locations of some lateral-intrusion observation wells may be precluded and require adjustment. Depths of upconing and lateral-intrusion observation wells may also require adjustment to be within the same aquifer as their corresponding production wells. Existing unused wells can be adapted as observation wells if differences from specified locations and construction are kept to a minimum and are accounted for. Where multiple production wells are in proximity, a modified monitoring approach may be needed to determine their net effect on changes in chloride concentration, and may require more than one lateral-intrusion observation well depending on the vertical positions of production-well screened intervals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"McFarland, E.R., 2015, A conceptual framework and monitoring strategy for movement of saltwater in the Coastal Plain aquifer system of Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5117, 30 p., 1 pl., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155117.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 30 p.; Plate: 24 x 35 inches; Table","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-062904","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5117/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307899,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5117/sir20155117.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.30 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5117"},{"id":307900,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5117/sir20155117_attachment1.xlsx","text":"Attachment 1","size":"114 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5117","linkHelpText":"Groundwater-production Wells, Vertical Positions and Lateral Distances and Directions Relative to Chloride Iso-concentration Surfaces, and Projected Locations of Lateral-intrusion Observation Wells"},{"id":307901,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5117/sir20155117_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"399 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5117","linkHelpText":"Locations of Groundwater-Production Wells, Projected Locations of Lateral Intrusion Observation Wells, and the Configuration of the 250-Milligrams-Per-Liter Chloride Iso-Concentration Surface"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.24462890625,\n 36.51405119943165\n ],\n [\n -78.24462890625,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -75.3387451171875,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -75.3387451171875,\n 36.51405119943165\n ],\n [\n -78.24462890625,\n 36.51405119943165\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia Water Science Center
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1730 East Parham Road
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U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Professional Paper 1794–B is the second in a four-volume series on the status and trends of the Nation’s land use and land cover, providing an assessment of the rates and causes of land-use and land-cover change in the Great Plains of the United States between 1973 and 2000. Volumes A, C, and D provide similar analyses for the Western United States, the Midwest–South Central United States, and the Eastern United States, respectively. The assessments of land-use and land-cover trends are conducted on an ecoregion-by-ecoregion basis, and each ecoregion assessment is guided by a nationally consistent study design that includes mapping, statistical methods, field studies, and analysis. Individual assessments provide a picture of the characteristics of land change occurring in a given ecoregion; in combination, they provide a framework for understanding the complex national mosaic of change and also the causes and consequences of change. Thus, each volume in this series provides a regional assessment of how (and how fast) land use and land cover are changing, and why. The four volumes together form the first comprehensive picture of land change across the Nation.
\n\n
Geographic understanding of land-use and land-cover change is directly relevant to a wide variety of stakeholders, including land and resource managers, policymakers, and scientists. The chapters in this volume present brief summaries of the patterns and rates of land change observed in each ecoregion in the Great Plains of the United States, together with field photographs, statistics, and comparisons with other assessments. In addition, a synthesis chapter summarizes the scope of land change observed across the entire Great Plains of the United States. The studies provide a way of integrating information across the landscape, and they form a critical component in the efforts to understand how land use and land cover affect important issues such as the provision of ecological goods and services and also the determination of risks to, and vulnerabilities of, human communities. Results from this project also are published in peer-reviewed journals, and they are further used to produce maps of change and other tools for land management, as well as to provide inputs for carbon-cycle modeling and other climate change research.
\nThis report is only one of the products produced by USGS on land-use and land-cover change in the United States. Other reports and land-cover statistics are available online at http://landcovertrends.usgs.gov.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000 (Professional Paper 1794)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794B","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J.L., Acevedo, W., Auch, R.F., and Drummond, M.A., eds., 2015, Status and trends of land change in the Great Plains of the United States—1973 to 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794–B, 180 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/pp1794B.","productDescription":"vi, 179 p.","numberOfPages":"190","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051841","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307931,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794","text":"Professional Paper 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47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001
The U.S. Geological Survey developed flood elevations in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency for a 30-mile reach of the Deerfield River from the confluence of the Cold River tributary to the Connecticut River in the towns of Charlemont, Buckland, Shelburne, Conway, Deerfield, and Greenfield in Franklin County, Massachusetts to assist land owners, and emergency management workers prepare for and recover from floods. Peak flows with 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities were computed for the reach from updated flood-frequency analyses. These peak flows were routed through a one-dimensional step-backwater hydraulic model to obtain the corresponding peak water-surface elevations and to place the tropical storm Irene flood of August 28, 2011 into historical context. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using current [2015] stage-discharge relations at two U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in the study reach—Deerfield River at Charlemont, MA (01168500) and Deerfield River near West Deerfield, MA (01170000)—and from documented high-water marks from the tropical storm Irene flood, which had between a 1- and 0.2-percent AEP.
\nThe hydraulic model was used to compute water-surface profiles for flood stages referenced to the two streamgages. Two sets of flood-inundation map libraries were created from the modeled profiles. The library for the upstream, western portion of the modeled reach is 9.1 miles long, extends from just downstream of the confluence of the Deerfield River with the Cold River to just upstream of the confluence with Clesson Brook, and is calibrated to the Deerfield River at Charlemont, MA streamgage. The library for the downstream, eastern portion of the modeled reach is 8.9 miles long, extends from just downstream of the confluence of the Deerfield River with the South River to just upstream of the confluence with the Green River, and is calibrated to the Deerfield River near West Deerfield streamgage. Stages for mapped profiles of the upstream reach range from 8.7 feet (ft) at the local datum (525.6 ft when converted to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [NAVD 88]) to 25.7 ft (542.6 ft at NAVD 88) at the Charlemont streamgage, and stages for mapped profiles of the downstream reach range from 8.5 ft (165.2 ft at NAVD 88) to 29.0 ft (185.7 ft at NAVD 88) at the West Deerfield streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from 0.5-ft vertical accuracy light detection and ranging (lidar) data to create the two sets of flood-inundation maps.
\nThe availability of the flood-inundation maps at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, combined with information regarding current (near real-time) stage from the two U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in the study reach, can provide emergency management personnel and residents with information to aid in flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, and with postflood recovery efforts. The flood-inundation maps are nonregulatory, but provide Federal, State, and local agencies and the public with estimates of the potential extent of flooding during selected peak-flow events.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P.J., and Bent, G.C., 2015, Flood-inundation maps for the Deerfield River, Franklin County, Massachusetts, from the confluence with the Cold River tributary to the Connecticut River: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5104, 22 p., appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155104.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 22 p.; 2 Appendixes; Metadata","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-061958","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310302,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5104/downloads/sir20155104_flood-inundation_gis_charlemont.xml","text":"Charlemont flood inundation mapping GIS metadata (xml)","size":"12.3 KB","description":"SIR 2015-5104 - 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U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
Understanding the efficacy of revised watershed management methods is important to mitigating the impacts of urbanization on streamflow. We evaluated the influence of land use change, primarily as urbanization, and stormwater control measures on the relationship between precipitation and stream discharge over an 8-year period for five catchments near Clarksburg, Montgomery County, Maryland, USA. A unit-hydrograph model based on a temporal transfer function was employed to account for and standardize temporal variation in rainfall pattern, and properly apportion rainfall to streamflow at different time lags. From these lagged relationships, we quantified a correction to the precipitation time series to achieve a hydrograph that showed good agreement between precipitation and discharge records. Positive corrections appeared to include precipitation events that were of limited areal extent and therefore not captured by our rain gages. Negative corrections were analysed for potential causal relationships. We used mixed-model statistical techniques to isolate different sources of variance as drivers that mediate the rainfall–runoff dynamic before and after management. Seasonal periodicity mediated rainfall–runoff relationships, and land uses (i.e. agriculture, natural lands, wetlands and stormwater control measures) were statistically significant predictors of precipitation apportionment to stream discharge. Our approach is one way to evaluate actual effectiveness of management efforts in the face of complicating circumstances and could be paired with cost data to understand economic efficiency or life cycle aspects of watershed management. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10505","usgsCitation":"Rhea, L., Jarnagin, T., Hogan, D.M., Loperfido, J., and Shuster, W., 2015, Effects of urbanization and stormwater control measures on streamflows in the vicinity of Clarksburg, Maryland, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, no. 20, p. 4413-4426, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10505.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4413","endPage":"4426","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-053400","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Montgomery County","otherGeospatial":"Clarksburg","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.32315063476562,\n 39.17771552084858\n ],\n [\n -77.32315063476562,\n 39.32101883236063\n ],\n [\n -77.16865539550781,\n 39.32101883236063\n ],\n [\n -77.16865539550781,\n 39.17771552084858\n ],\n [\n -77.32315063476562,\n 39.17771552084858\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e80f98e4b0dacf699e663a","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/hyp.10505","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10505","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Rhea Lee, Jarnagin Taylor, Hogan Dianna, Loperfido J. V., Shuster William","journalName":"Hydrological Processes","publicationDate":"5/11/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhea, Lee","contributorId":147260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhea","given":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":16813,"text":"Sustainable Environments Branch, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnagin, Taylor","contributorId":131140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarnagin","given":"Taylor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7258,"text":"Landscape Ecology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hogan, Dianna M. 0000-0003-1492-4514 dhogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-4514","contributorId":131137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Dianna","email":"dhogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loperfido, J. V. jloperfido@usgs.gov","contributorId":131139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loperfido","given":"J. V.","email":"jloperfido@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shuster, William","contributorId":147261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shuster","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":16813,"text":"Sustainable Environments Branch, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70158591,"text":"70158591 - 2015 - Estimating the short-term recovery potential of little brown bats in the eastern United States in the face of White-nose syndrome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T15:39:04","indexId":"70158591","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the short-term recovery potential of little brown bats in the eastern United States in the face of White-nose syndrome","docAbstract":"White-nose syndrome (WNS) was first detected in North American bats in New York in 2006. Since that time WNS has spread throughout the northeastern United States, southeastern Canada, and southwest across Pennsylvania and as far west as Missouri. Suspect WNS cases have been identified in Minnesota and Iowa, and the causative agent of WNS (Pseudogymnoascus destructans) has recently been detected in Mississippi. The impact of WNS is devastating for little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), causing up to 100% mortality in some overwintering populations, and previous research has forecast the extirpation of the species due to the disease. Recent evidence indicates that remnant populations may persist in areas where WNS is endemic. We developed a spatially explicit model of little brown bat population dynamics to investigate the potential for populations to recover under alternative scenarios. We used these models to investigate how starting population sizes, potential changes in the number of bats overwintering successfully in hibernacula, and potential changes in demographic rates of the population post WNS may influence the ability of the bats to recover to former levels of abundance. We found that populations of the little brown bat and other species that are highly susceptible to WNS are unlikely to return to pre-WNS levels in the near future under any of the scenarios we examined.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.07.016","usgsCitation":"Russell, R., Thogmartin, W.E., Erickson, R.A., Szymanski, J.A., and Tinsley, K., 2015, Estimating the short-term recovery potential of little brown bats in the eastern United States in the face of White-nose syndrome: Ecological Modelling, v. 314, p. 111-117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.07.016.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"314","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560d07b5e4b058f706e54306","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, Robin E. 0000-0001-8726-7303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7303","contributorId":10269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Robin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szymanski, Jennifer A.","contributorId":51593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szymanski","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tinsley, Karl","contributorId":23457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinsley","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6969,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Endangered Species","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70162104,"text":"70162104 - 2015 - Evaluation of the toxicity of sediments from the Anniston PCB Site to the mussel Lampsilis siliquoidea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T13:58:54","indexId":"70162104","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Evaluation of the toxicity of sediments from the Anniston PCB Site to the mussel Lampsilis siliquoidea","docAbstract":"The Anniston Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Site is located in the vicinity of the municipality of Anniston in Calhoun County, in the north-eastern portion of Alabama. Although there are a variety of land-use activities within the Choccolocco Creek watershed, environmental concerns in the area have focused mainly on releases of PCBs to aquatic and riparian habitats. PCBs were manufactured by Monsanto, Inc. at the Anniston facility from 1935 to 1971. The chemicals of potential concern (COPCs) in sediments at the Anniston PCB Site include: PCBs, mercury, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs).\n\nThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of PCB-contaminated sediments to the juvenile fatmucket mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and to characterize relationships between sediment chemistry and the toxicity of sediment samples collected from the Anniston PCB Site using laboratory sediment testing. Samples were collected in August 2010 from OU-4 of the Anniston PCB Site, as well as from selected reference locations. A total of 32 samples were initially collected from six test sites and one reference site within the watershed. A total of 23 of these 32 samples were evaluated in 28-day whole-sediment toxicity tests conducted with juvenile mussels (L. siliquoidea). Physical and chemical characterization of whole sediment included grain size, total organic carbon (TOC), nutrients, PCBs, parent and \nalkylated PAHs, organochlorine pesticides, PCDD/PCDFs, total metals, \nsimultaneously extracted metals (SEM), and acid volatile sulfide (AVS). \n\nSediment collected from Snow Creek and Choccolocco Creek contained a variety of COPCs. Organic contaminants detected in sediment included PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, PCDDs/PCDFs, and PAHs. In general, the highest concentrations of PCBs were associated with the highest concentrations of PAHs, PCDDs/PCDFs, and organochlorine pesticides. Specifically, sediments 08, 18, and 19 exceeded probable effect concentration quotients (PEC-Qs) of 1.0 for all organic classes of contaminants. These three sediment samples also had high concentrations of mercury and lead, which were the only metals found at elevated concentrations (i.e., above the probable effect concentration [PEC]) in the samples collected. Many sediment samples were \nhighly contaminated with mercury, based on comparisons to samples collected from reference locations.\n\nThe whole-sediment laboratory toxicity tests conducted with L. siliquoidea met the test acceptability criteria (e.g., control survival was greater than or equal to 80%). Survival of mussels was high in most samples, with 4 of 23 samples (17%) classified as toxic based on the survival endpoint. Biomass and weight were more sensitive endpoints for the L. siliquoidea toxicity tests, with both endpoints classifying 52% of the samples as toxic. Samples 19 and 30 were most toxic to L. siliquoidea, as they were classified as toxic according to all four endpoints (survival, biomass, weight, and length).\n\nMussels were less sensitive in toxicity tests conducted with sediments from the Anniston PCB Site than Hyalella azteca and Chironomus dilutus. Biomass of L. siliquoidea was less sensitive compared to biomass of H. azteca or biomass of larval C. dilutus. Based on the most sensitive endpoint for each species, 52% of the samples were toxic to L. siliquoidea, whereas 67% of sediments were toxic to H. azteca (based on reproduction) and 65% were toxic to C. dilutus (based on adult biomass). The low-risk toxicity threshold (TTLR) was higher for L. siliquoidea biomass (e.g., 20,400 µg/kg dry weight [DW]) compared to that for H. azteca reproduction (e.g., 499 µg/kg DW) or C. dilutus adult biomass (e.g., 1,140 µg/kg DW; MacDonald et al. 2014). While mussels such as L. sili","language":"English","publisher":"MacDonald Environmental Sciences Ltd","collaboration":"MacDonald Environmental Science St.","usgsCitation":"Schein, A., Sinclair, J., MacDonald, D., Ingersoll, C.G., Kemble, N.E., and Kunz, J.L., 2015, Evaluation of the toxicity of sediments from the Anniston PCB Site to the mussel Lampsilis siliquoidea, 113 p. .","productDescription":"113 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"112","ipdsId":"IP-063231","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314264,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/daphne/Contaminants/index-AnnistonNRDA.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama ","otherGeospatial":"Choccolocco creek ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.253662109375,\n 33.37182502950726\n ],\n [\n -86.253662109375,\n 33.500178528242294\n ],\n [\n -85.9954833984375,\n 33.500178528242294\n ],\n [\n -85.9954833984375,\n 33.37182502950726\n ],\n [\n -86.253662109375,\n 33.37182502950726\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585268e3e4b0e2663625ec8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schein, Allison","contributorId":152229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schein","given":"Allison","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18887,"text":"MacDonald Environmental Sciences Ltd., #24 - 4800 Island Highway North, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9T 1W6","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinclair, Jesse A.","contributorId":66967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinclair","given":"Jesse A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacDonald, Donald D.","contributorId":49911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Donald D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kemble, Nile E. 0000-0002-3608-0538 nkemble@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-0538","contributorId":2626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"Nile","email":"nkemble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kunz, James L. 0000-0002-1027-158X jkunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-158X","contributorId":3309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"James","email":"jkunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70173529,"text":"70173529 - 2015 - Developing nondestructive techniques for managing conflicts between fisheries and double-crested cormorant colonies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T13:26:55","indexId":"70173529","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing nondestructive techniques for managing conflicts between fisheries and double-crested cormorant colonies","docAbstract":"Double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) have been identified as the source of significant mortality to juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Columbia River Basin. Management plans for reducing the size of a large colony on East Sand Island (OR, USA) in the Columbia River estuary are currently being developed. We evaluated habitat enhancement and social attraction as nondestructive techniques for managing cormorant nesting colonies during 2004–2007. We tested these techniques on unoccupied plots adjacent to the East Sand Island cormorant colony. Cormorants quickly colonized these plots and successfully raised young. Cormorants also were attracted to nest and raised young on similar plots at 2 islands approximately 25 km from East Sand Island; 1 island had a history of successful cormorant nesting whereas the other was a site where cormorants had previously nested unsuccessfully. On a third island with no history of cormorant nesting or nesting attempts, these techniques were unsuccessful at attracting cormorants to nest. Our results suggest that some important factors influencing attraction of nesting cormorants using these techniques include history of cormorant nesting, disturbance, and presence of breeding cormorants nearby. These techniques may be effective in redistributing nesting cormorants away from areas where fish stocks of conservation concern are susceptible to predation, especially if sites with a recent history of cormorant nesting are available within their foraging or dispersal range. Published 2015. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Our objectives were to evaluate the occurrence and fate of ClO4− in groundwater and soils/caliche in arid and semi-arid environments (southwestern United States, southern Africa, United Arab Emirates, China, Antarctica, and Chile) and the relationship of ClO4− to the more well-studied atmospherically deposited anions NO3−and Cl− as a means to understand the prevalent processes that affect the accumulation of these species over various time scales. ClO4− is globally distributed in soil and groundwater in arid and semi-arid regions on Earth at concentrations ranging from 10−1to 106 μg/kg. Generally, the ClO4− concentration in these regions increases with aridity index, but also depends on the duration of arid conditions. In many arid and semi-arid areas, NO3− and ClO4− co-occur at molar ratios (NO3−/ClO4−) that vary between ∼104and 105. We hypothesize that atmospheric deposition ratios are largely preserved in hyper-arid areas that support little or no biological activity (e.g. plants or bacteria), but can be altered in areas with more active biological processes including N2 fixation, N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, and microbial ClO4− reduction, as indicated in part by NO3− isotope data. In contrast, much larger ranges of Cl−/ClO4− and Cl−/NO3−ratios indicate Cl− varies independently from both ClO4− and NO3−. The general lack of correlation between Cl− and ClO4− or NO3− implies that Cl− is not a good indicator of co-deposition and should be used with care when interpreting oxyanion cycling in arid systems. The Atacama Desert appears to be unique compared to all other terrestrial locations having a NO3−/ClO4− molar ratio ∼103. The relative enrichment in ClO4−compared to Cl− or NO3− and unique isotopic composition of Atacama ClO4− may reflect either additional in-situ production mechanism(s) or higher relative atmospheric production rates in that specific region or in the geological past. Elevated concentrations of ClO4− reported on the surface of Mars, and its enrichment with respect to Cl− and NO3−, could reveal important clues regarding the climatic, hydrologic, and potentially biologic evolution of that planet. Given the highly conserved ratio of NO3−/ClO4− in non-biologically active areas on Earth, it may be possible to use alterations of this ratio as a biomarker on Mars and for interpreting major anion cycles and processes on both Mars and Earth, particularly with respect to the less-conserved NO3− pool terrestrially.
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kjaiswal@usgs.gov","contributorId":146444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"Kishor","email":"kjaiswal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bausch, Douglas","contributorId":115258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bausch","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, Rui","contributorId":78250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Rui","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bouabid, Jawhar","contributorId":146445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bouabid","given":"Jawhar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seligson, Hope","contributorId":65564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seligson","given":"Hope","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187759,"text":"70187759 - 2015 - The Centennial Trends Greater Horn of Africa precipitation dataset","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T13:07:34","indexId":"70187759","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3907,"text":"Scientific Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Centennial Trends Greater Horn of Africa precipitation dataset","docAbstract":"East Africa is a drought prone, food and water insecure region with a highly variable climate. This complexity makes rainfall estimation challenging, and this challenge is compounded by low rain gauge densities and inhomogeneous monitoring networks. The dearth of observations is particularly problematic over the past decade, since the number of records in globally accessible archives has fallen precipitously. This lack of data coincides with an increasing scientific and humanitarian need to place recent seasonal and multi-annual East African precipitation extremes in a deep historic context. To serve this need, scientists from the UC Santa Barbara Climate Hazards Group and Florida State University have pooled their station archives and expertise to produce a high quality gridded ‘Centennial Trends’ precipitation dataset. Additional observations have been acquired from the national meteorological agencies and augmented with data provided by other universities. Extensive quality control of the data was carried out and seasonal anomalies interpolated using kriging. This paper documents the CenTrends methodology and data.
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