Body mass in overwintering waterfowl is an important fitness attribute as it affects winter survival, timing of spring migration, and subsequent reproductive success. Recent research in Europe and the western United States indicates body mass of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) has increased from the late 1960s to early 2000s. The underlying mechanism is currently unknown; however, researchers hypothesize that increases are due to a more benign winter climate, increased food availability through natural and artificial flooding, introgression of wild mallard populations by game-farm mallards, or shifting of wintering distributions northward. Further investigation of factors related to winter mallard body mass increases and whether this phenomenon is occurring in other major flyways could increase understanding of intrinsic and extrinsic variables influencing waterfowl fitness. Here, we analyzed mallard body mass in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley from 1979 to 2021 to determine sources of temporal variation. We measured hunter-harvested mallards from private hunting clubs, public hunting areas, and duck-plucking businesses. Mallard body mass increased by approximately 6% among all age-sex classes from 1979 to 2021. Average mallard mass increased by about 1.5% per decade but varied substantially among years. Within years, body mass was related to rainfall and river gage height; mallards had greater mass after periods of increased rainfall or river flooding, likely due to increased food availability. Mallard body mass had a marginal negative relationship with severe cold weather (derived using a weather severity index [WSI]). While body mass increased after wet periods within years, there was no relationship of mallard body mass with wet vs dry years, low vs high flood years, or hot vs cold years. Additionally, there was no detectable change in rainfall, river discharge, or temperature from 1979 to 2021. This indicates that rainfall and river height may influence mallard body mass within years, but may not be the primary factor responsible for mass increases over time. Our research confirms changes in mallard body mass are widespread and within-season precipitation and flooding account for much of the observed annual variation. Future research investigating specific mechanisms, such as introgression of game-farm mallard DNA and climate change, may clarify their contribution to mallard body mass change over time.
Barrier islands are especially vulnerable to hurricanes and other large storms, owing to their mobile composition, low elevations, and detachment from the mainland. Conceptual models of barrier-island evolution emphasize ocean-side processes that drive landward migration through overwash, inlet migration, and aeolian transport. In contrast, we found that the impact of Hurricane Dorian (2019) on North Core Banks, a 36-km barrier island on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, was primarily driven by inundation of the island from Pamlico Sound, as evidenced by storm-surge model results and observations of high-water marks and wrack lines. Analysis of photogrammetry products from aerial imagery collected before and after the storm indicate the loss of about 18% of the subaerial volume of the island through the formation of over 80 erosional washout channels extending from the marsh and washover platform, through gaps in the foredunes, to the shoreline. The washout channels were largely co-located with washover fans deposited by earlier events. Net seaward export of sediment resulted in the formation of deltaic bars offshore of the channels, which became part of the post-storm berm recovery by onshore bar migration and partial filling of the washouts with washover deposits within 2 months. This event represents a volumetric setback in the overwash/rollover behavior required for barrier transgression, but the new ponds and lowland habitats may provide beneficial habit for endangered species and will likely persist for years.
In environments with shallow water tables, vegetation may use groundwater to support transpiration (TG). This process has been carefully studied in some arid climates but rarely in humid climates—even those with severe droughts and seasonal water deficits. As such, the role of TG in humid-catchment hydrology is poorly constrained. We analysed water table fluctuations from nine monitoring wells along three transects in a second-order forested catchment to estimate TG at plot and whole-riparian zone scales. Average TG estimated around all well locations ranged from 1.06 to 4.95 mm d−1 and did not change systematically as a function of distance from stream channel or with plot-scale tree basal area. Counter to some previous studies, we found that TG was greater when the water table depth was deeper. Furthermore, the pattern of TG with water table depth was not monotonic at all locations. The ratio of TG to potential evapotranspiration tended to increase over the growing season, reflecting the progressive decrease in soil moisture storage and a greater reliance by vegetation on groundwater. Due to the lack of consistent spatial patterns in TG, we explored the number of monitoring wells needed to consistently estimate average TG within the 95% confidence bounds of the true mean. Based on this analysis, six or more wells were needed to consistently fall within the 95% confidence interval of the true mean. While this is based on the observed variability at a single site, it provides information for others considering this approach in similar upland forested catchments in humid regions.
A major challenge in ecology is disentangling interactions of non-native, potentially invasive species on native species. Conditional two-species occupancy models examine the effects of dominant species (e.g., non-native) on subordinate species (e.g., native) while considering the possibility that occupancy of one species may affect occupancy and/ or detection of the other. Although conditional two-species models are useful for evaluating the influence of one species on presence of another, it is possible that species interactions are density dependent. Therefore, we developed a novel two-species occupancy model that incorporates multiple abundance states (i.e., absent, present, abundant) of the native species. We showcase the utility of this model with a case study that incorporates random effects and covariates on both occupancy and detection to help disentangle species interactions given varying occupancy and detection in different abundance states. We use snorkel survey data from the Umpqua basin, Oregon, where it is hypothesized that smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, a non-native piscivore, exclude Umpqua chub Oregonichthys kalawatseti, a small endemic minnow. From our two-species multi-state (2SMS) model, we concluded that average occupancy was low for both fishes, and that when non-native bass were present, overall native chub occupancy in the present (0.18 ± 0.05 SD) and abundant (0.19 ± 0.03) states was higher than when non-natives were absent (0.14 ± 0.02/ 0.08 ± 0.02), indicating the non-native was not excluding the native species. By incorporating a species interaction factor, we found a positive association (6.75 ± 5.54 SD) between native chub and non-native bass. The covariates strongly related to occupancy were elevation, algae, and land cover type (urban and shrub). Detection probability for both species (0.21–0.82) was most strongly related to the covariates day of year, water temperature, gravel substrate, and stream order/ magnitude. Incorporation of detection probability and covariates enabled interpretation of interactions between the two species that may have been missed without their inclusion in the modeling process. Our new 2SMS occupancy model can be used by scientists and managers with a broad range of survey and covariate data to disentangle species interactions problems to help them inform management decisions.
Rising temperatures in the Arctic and subarctic are driving the rapid thaw of permafrost by reducing permafrost cooling, increasing active layer thickness, and promoting talik formation. In this study, the cyrohydrogeology of a permafrost mound located within the discontinuous permafrost zone near Umiujaq (Nunavik, Québec, Canada) is characterized through the analysis of a dataset covering more than two decades of monitoring. This dataset captures a high degree of interannual variability in air temperature and ground thermal conditions, as well as the formation and closure of a supra-permafrost talik. Data indicate that variable saturation and advective heat transport directly contribute to the expansion and contraction of the talik. Data further indicate the presence of two distinct thermo-hydrologic settings resulting from differences in surface conditions, as well as subsurface thermal and flow regimes. The first, found at the top of the mound feature, is characterized by very low moisture contents (< 0.05 m3/m3), while the second, found at the side of the mound feature, shows higher annual moisture contents that strongly influence the dynamics of heat and groundwater flow. The data were synthesized into a detailed conceptual model of the cyrohydrogeological dynamics that highlights the important role of hydrogeological characterization and long-term datasets in understanding the effects of groundwater flow on seasonal frost and permafrost dynamics. Specifically, the results presented here show that in the absence of long-term datasets, longer-period transient phenomena such as talik opening and closure may be misrepresented as uni-directional feedback loops, as opposed to highly-dynamic temporary phenomena.
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has been considering the approval to breach four dams on lower Klamath River in southern Oregon and northern California. Approval of this application would allow for Strikeouts indicate text deletion hereafter. decommissioning and dam removal, beginning as early as 2023. This action would affect Klamath River salmon (Oncorhynchus ssp.) populations, a critical food source for federally endangered Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca). In the long run, reintroduction of salmon populations to the upper Klamath River Basin may increase salmon abundance available to Southern Resident Killer Whales, but in the near term, it is uncertain how changes in hatchery management and disease-caused mortality by the myxosporean parasite Ceratonova shasta will influence abundance of salmon populations entering the ocean. To assess this uncertainty, we used the Stream Salmonid Simulator (S3) to simulate population dynamics of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) for nine different population sources that rear and migrate through the Klamath River.
S3 is a spatially explicit population model that runs on a daily time-step and simulates daily growth, survival, and movement of juvenile Chinook salmon from the time of spawning through ocean entry. The key features of this model relevant to this report include (1) a C. shasta disease submodel; (2) a temperature-dependent bioenergetics model that calculates daily growth rates; (3) size-dependent movement; (4) density-dependent dynamics that are influenced by the effect of flow on suitable habitat area; and (5) habitat, river flow, and water temperature specific to each scenario.
We constructed and ran four scenarios: two scenarios for dams in place (Dams In) and dams removed (Dams Out), and given these dam-removal conditions, a low- and high-spore scenario for C. shasta. Each scenario was run for nine water years representing a range of conditions from dry to wet. Previously published daily river flows and water temperatures for Dams In and Dams Out provided physical inputs for each scenario. Daily spore concentrations were simulated using a three-part mechanistic model that used river discharge, water temperature, and the prevalence of infection (POI) of hatchery-origin Chinook salmon juveniles with C. shasta in the previous year3. We constructed two spore scenarios for each Dams In and Dams Out scenario, a “Low Spore” scenario and a “High Spore” scenario resulting in four scenarios for comparison. Spore scenarios were established by setting the prior-year POI of hatchery fish to 0.15 and 0.75 in the estimation of spore concentrations. Hatchery releases under Dams Out differed from those under the current Dams In scenario. Hatchery releases under the Dams Out scenario were modified to emulate changes in hatchery production that would occur under Dams Out conditions. This included moving hatchery production and releases from Iron Gate Dam to a proposed hatchery at Fall Creek, which would be located about 11 kilometers (km) upstream of Iron Gate Dam. It is anticipated that the Fall Creek hatchery would produce fewer fish at smaller and larger sizes at different release timings. For salmon inputs, we used observed historical abundance of main-stem spawners from brood year 2009 and juvenile salmon entering from tributaries in water year 2010, which represented an average return year for the 2005–18 period. Main-stem spawning was allowed to shift upstream from Iron Gate Dam under the Dams Out scenario. We also included hatchery-origin fish as natural spawners that would have otherwise returned to Iron Gate Hatchery in the first 3 years following dam removal.
The S3 model simulated considerably higher total abundance for Dams Out relative to the respective Dams In scenarios, and higher abundance for the Low Spore scenario relative to the High Spore scenario. The difference in abundance between the four combinations of the dam-removal and spore scenarios varied among population groups. For main-stem natural production, juvenile abundance at ocean entry was 2–3 times higher for Dams Out scenarios than for Dams In scenarios, and juvenile abundance for High Spore scenarios was lower than that for the Dams Out Low Spores scenario. For hatchery releases, abundance at ocean entry was similar between Dams In and Dams Out scenarios for most water years, despite lower release sizes from Fall Creek Hatchery under Dams Out. For tributary populations, abundance for the High Spore scenarios was consistently lower than for the Low Spore scenarios, but differences between dam-removal scenarios varied among water years, with Dams Out scenarios having similar or higher abundance than Dams In scenarios, and dry water years having the largest difference between Dams In and Dams Out scenarios.
We determined that different factors affected the response of each population group. For main-stem natural production, survival from fry emergence to ocean entry was higher under Dams Out scenarios compared to Dams In scenarios because juveniles emerged later and tended to arrive at the ocean sooner and at larger sizes, causing the population to have less time-dependent in-river mortality. Owing to their late release timing, hatchery populations had high disease-caused mortality in Dams In and Dams Out High Spore scenarios. Furthermore, a high proportion of infected fish (those that would be expected to die at some future point) survived to the ocean. Iron Gate Hatchery fish had lower survival rates than releases from Fall Creek Hatchery because the last mid-June release group from the 2010 Iron Gate Hatchery release incurred nearly total mortality in most water years owing to water temperatures exceeding 24 degrees Celsius. Our analysis shows how the S3 model was able to track different populations and provide insights on how the differential response of each population combined to influence the simulated number of juvenile Chinook salmon arriving at the Pacific Ocean where they become available as a food source for Southern Resident Killer Whales.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Marine Fisheries Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Plumb, J.M., Dodrill, M.J., Som, N.A., Robinson, H.E., and Hetrick, N.J., 2023, Simulating post-dam removal effects of hatchery operations and disease on juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) production in the Lower Klamath River, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1106, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221106.","productDescription":"vii, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-137471","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1106/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":410983,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1106/images"},{"id":410981,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1106/ofr20221106.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1106"},{"id":499722,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114179.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410984,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1106/ofr20221106.XML"},{"id":410982,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221106/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2022-1106"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lower Klamath River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.36610471757332,\n 40.58470369882767\n ],\n [\n -120.32485220783963,\n 40.58470369882767\n ],\n [\n -120.32485220783963,\n 42.21557817118634\n ],\n [\n -124.36610471757332,\n 42.21557817118634\n ],\n [\n -124.36610471757332,\n 40.58470369882767\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
More than 2 million Californians rely on groundwater from privately owned domestic wells for drinking-water supply. This report summarizes a water-quality survey of domestic and small-system drinking-water supply wells in the Modesto, Turlock, and Merced subbasins of the San Joaquin Valley where more than 78,000 residents are estimated to use privately owned domestic wells. Results indicate that inorganic and organic constituents in groundwater were respectively present above regulatory (maximum contaminant level, MCL) benchmarks for public drinking-water quality in 37 percent and 9 percent of the aquifer area used for domestic drinking-water supplies (herein, “domestic groundwater resources”).
The most prevalent inorganic constituents exceeding regulatory benchmarks were nitrate, uranium, and arsenic. The only organic constituents exceeding regulatory benchmarks were the fumigant constituents 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP) and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), but the herbicides atrazine and simazine were detected at low concentrations below one-tenth of regulatory benchmarks in 30 percent of domestic groundwater resources. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and manganese exceeded aesthetic-based (secondary maximum contaminant level [SMCL]) benchmarks for drinking water in 3 percent and 13 percent of domestic groundwater resources, respectively. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were detected in 23 percent of domestic groundwater resources, with 4 percent exceeding California state notification or response levels for specific compounds. Total coliform bacteria were detected in 20 percent of domestic groundwater resources.
Elevated concentrations of nitrate, uranium, TDS, and pesticides (fumigant constituents and herbicides) are related to agricultural land use and were typically present at shallow depths up to 75 meters below land surface. Agriculturally derived constituents were detected in wells screened below the Corcoran Clay Member of the Tulare Formation (herein, “Corcoran Clay”) in the southeastern part of the study area, where the Corcoran Clay tends to be shallower and thinner than in areas to the northwest. Nitrate, uranium, and TDS were most prevalent in the northwest part of the study area proximal to the valley trough where soils are poorly drained and agricultural land uses are predominantly grain, alfalfa, and dairy farms. Pesticides tended to occur in groundwater below coarse-grained surficial deposits and within a northwest to southeast trending band along the eastern extent of the Corcoran Clay that typically demarcates the western extent of well-drained soils associated with perennial orchard crops. Elevated concentrations of arsenic tended to occur west of this band in reducing groundwater but also sometimes co-occurred with elevated nitrate in oxic groundwater, most likely because of geochemical conditions in agriculturally affected groundwater that can enhance the mobility of arsenic from aquifer sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","programNote":"GAMA Program","usgsCitation":"Levy, Z.F., Balkan, M., and Shelton, J.L., 2023, Quality of groundwater used for domestic supply in the Modesto, Turlock, and Merced Subbasins of the San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022-1116, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221116.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-139668","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411493,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96R55KQ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater-quality data in the Modesto-Turlock-Merced Domestic-Supply Aquifer Study Unit, 2020-2021: Results from the California GAMA Priority Basin Project"},{"id":411490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1116/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":411494,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1116/images"},{"id":411491,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1116/ofr20221116.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1116"},{"id":411492,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221116/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2022-1116"},{"id":411495,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1116/ofr20221116.XML"},{"id":499725,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114178.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.79107113798727,\n 38.18457756338151\n ],\n [\n -121.79107113798727,\n 37.036293717738104\n ],\n [\n -119.63866490997714,\n 37.036293717738104\n ],\n [\n -119.63866490997714,\n 38.18457756338151\n ],\n [\n -121.79107113798727,\n 38.18457756338151\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"GAMA Project Chief
U.S. Geological Survey
California Water Science Center
6000 J Street
Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819
Telephone number: (916) 278-3000
GAMA Program Unit Chief State Water Resources Control Board Division of Water Quality
PO Box 2231
Sacramento, CA 95812
Telephone number: (916) 341-5855
Models that assess the vulnerability of freshwater species to shifting environmental conditions do not always account for short-duration extremes, which are increasingly common. Life cycle models for Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) generally focus on average conditions that fish experience during each life stage, yet many floods, low flows, and elevated water temperatures only last days to weeks. We developed a process-based life cycle model that links coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) abundance to daily streamflow and thermal regimes to assess: (1) “How does salmon abundance respond to short-duration floods, low flows, and high temperatures in glacier-, snow-, and rain-fed streams?” and (2) “How does the temporal resolution of flow and temperature data influence these responses?”. Our simulations indicate that short-duration extremes can reduce salmon abundance in some contexts. However, after daily flow and temperature data were aggregated into weekly and monthly averages, the impact of extreme events on populations declined. Our analysis demonstrates that novel modeling frameworks that capture daily variability in flow and temperature are needed to examine impacts of extreme events on Pacific salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2022-0129","usgsCitation":"Bellmore, J.R., Sergeant, C.J., Bellmore, R.A., Falke, J.A., and Fellman, J.B., 2023, Modeling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) population response to streamflow and water temperature extremes, v. 80, no. 2, p. 243-260, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2022-0129.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"260","ipdsId":"IP-141126","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11122/14923","text":"External Repository"},{"id":485214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bellmore, J. Ryan","contributorId":104790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellmore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":934959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sergeant, Christopher J.","contributorId":140496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sergeant","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":934960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bellmore, Rebecca A.","contributorId":275276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellmore","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39693,"text":"Southeast Alaska Watershed Coalition","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falke, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-6670-8250 jfalke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8250","contributorId":5195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jfalke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":934962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fellman, Jason B.","contributorId":198741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fellman","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":934963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70239371,"text":"70239371 - 2023 - Round goby detection in Lakes Huron and Michigan— An evaluation of eDNA and fish catches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T14:23:29.350828","indexId":"70239371","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-06T08:18:07","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6476,"text":"Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Round goby detection in Lakes Huron and Michigan— An evaluation of eDNA and fish catches","docAbstract":"Aquatic surveys for fish in large water bodies (e.g., Laurentian Great Lakes of North America) often require a flexible approach using multiple methods, surveying different depths, and sampling across seasons, especially when the target species is elusive in its natural habitat. The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is an invasive, bottom-dwelling fish inhabiting rocky areas of all five Great Lakes. While trawl surveys are typically used for abundance assessments, angling has been demonstrated as a means of supplementing surveys with additional data. Yet, round goby abundance and distribution is still not well described. Recently, with considerable success, scientists have explored sampling environmental DNA (eDNA) to complement traditional monitoring techniques for population abundance estimates, early detection of invasive species, and spawning or migration events. Therefore, we collected eDNA from water samples alongside bottom trawls and hook and line angling in Lakes Huron and Michigan to detect round goby. eDNA samples were analyzed by both droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to maximize the likelihood of detection. Overall, round goby was captured in 23% of the trawls, but the eDNA based methods detected round goby in 74% and 66% of samples by ddPCR and qPCR, respectively, mostly in samples collected at <30 m depths, and mostly in the fall. More studies comparing eDNA based methods to traditional monitoring, especially trawls in large open waters, may contribute to a better understanding of using eDNA in population assessments.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/fishes8010041","usgsCitation":"Przybyla-Kelly, K., Spoljaric, A.M., and Nevers, M., 2023, Round goby detection in Lakes Huron and Michigan— An evaluation of eDNA and fish catches: Fishes, v. 8, no. 1, 41, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8010041.","productDescription":"41, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147137","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8010041","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":411716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron, Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.83334142586688,\n 42.461977087961486\n ],\n [\n -87.79692963480616,\n 42.18940972341355\n ],\n [\n -87.60576773173754,\n 41.86144883018565\n ],\n [\n -87.34633372043031,\n 41.61351777698067\n ],\n [\n -86.75919358957722,\n 41.763070266614335\n ],\n [\n -86.49975957826999,\n 41.98336369242372\n ],\n [\n -87.83334142586688,\n 42.461977087961486\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.45110073926374,\n 45.07039012752037\n ],\n [\n -83.45110073926374,\n 44.89009904808148\n ],\n [\n -83.2280785190172,\n 44.89009904808148\n ],\n [\n -83.2280785190172,\n 45.07039012752037\n ],\n [\n -83.45110073926374,\n 45.07039012752037\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.68172940065685,\n 43.986678752339145\n ],\n [\n -82.68172940065685,\n 43.76357527976802\n ],\n [\n -82.42684686323243,\n 43.76357527976802\n ],\n [\n -82.42684686323243,\n 43.986678752339145\n ],\n [\n -82.68172940065685,\n 43.986678752339145\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Przybyla-Kelly, Katarzyna 0000-0001-9168-3545 kprzybyla-kelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9168-3545","contributorId":201534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Przybyla-Kelly","given":"Katarzyna","email":"kprzybyla-kelly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spoljaric, Ashley M. 0000-0001-6262-030X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-030X","contributorId":300565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spoljaric","given":"Ashley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36244,"text":"MSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nevers, Meredith B. 0000-0001-6963-6734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-6734","contributorId":201531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70248940,"text":"70248940 - 2023 - Gross alpha-particle activity and high 226Ra concentrations do not correspond with high 210Po in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T11:50:18.248034","indexId":"70248940","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-06T06:46:32","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":16870,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gross alpha-particle activity and high 226Ra concentrations do not correspond with high 210Po in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers of the United States","docAbstract":"210Po, which is of human-health concern based on lifetime ingestion cancer risk, is indirectly regulated in drinking water through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s gross alpha-particle activity (GAPA) maximum contaminant level of 15 pCi/L (picocuries per liter). This regulation requires independent measurement of 226Ra for samples exceeding the GAPA screening level of 5 pCi/L. There is no such requirement for 210Po. Co-occurrence of 226Ra and 210Po, alpha-emitting 238U-decay-series progeny, might be helpful in locating high-210Po waters but is unverified. Relations among 210Po, 226Ra, and GAPA evaluated for samples from 257 public-supply wells from Coastal Plain aquifers showed that concentrations of 226Ra correlated with GAPA but neither correlated with 210Po concentrations. The highest concentrations of 226Ra and 210Po were found under differing geochemical conditions. The highest 226Ra occurred in low-pH oxidizing waters and in neutral-pH reducing waters, where geochemical conditions render Fe–Mn-hydroxide sorbents inefficient. 210Po was highest (10.1 pCi/L) in reducing waters with high pH (>7.5, which results from progressive cation exchange), where 226Ra was lowest─exchanged to clay minerals. Because 226Ra and 210Po did not co-occur, the GAPA screening might not be protective for 210Po. Independent 210Po analysis is prudent, especially where groundwater is reducing with high pH and low 226Ra concentrations.
Terminal lakes in the Great Basin (GB) of the western US host critical wildlife habitat and food for migrating birds and can be associated with serious human health and economic consequences when they desiccate. Water levels have declined dramatically in the last 100+ years due to diversion of inflows, drought and climate change. Satellite-derived environmental science data records (ESDRs) from the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (snow cover, evapotranspiration (ET) and land surface temperature (LST)), enable a unique approach to evaluate the effects of aridification on terminal lakes and to study their individual vulnerabilities. Surface and air temperatures in the GB are rising dramatically, with a sharp rise in the rate of increase observed beginning around 2011, while the number of days of snow cover is declining especially in the western mountainous part of the GB as exemplified in Mono Basin, California. Rising temperatures coincide with fewer days of snow cover, a decrease of inflow to the lakes and greater evaporation of water from the lakes. MODIS ESDRs show strong and statistically significant increasing surface temperature (LST) in the GB, a reduction in the number of days of snow cover, and mixed results in ET. ET declined slightly in the more arid parts of the GB due to greater moisture restrictions to evaporation from extended drought, while ET increased in the more-vegetated, wetter, mountainous northeastern parts as temperatures have risen. Severe and costly ecological, human health and economic consequences are expected if the lakes continue to decline as predicted.
Xanthe Terra is a high-standing cratered plain located southeast of Lunae Planum and south of Chryse Planitia in the western equatorial region of Mars. It contains landforms shaped by diverse geologic processes, including various scales of channels and valleys, chaotic terrains, delta fan deposits, and landslides. An extensive outflow channel system is located within Xanthe Terra and the surrounding circum-Chryse region, including Shalbatana and Ravi Valles, thought to have formed by catastrophic flooding during the Hesperian to Amazonian Periods. The study region within Xanthe Terra is defined by Mars Transverse Mercator (MTM) quadrangles 00042 and 00047 (2.5° to −2.5° N, 310° to 320° E) and includes Orson Welles crater (124.5 km diameter, the source region for Shalbatana Vallis), the southernmost portion of Shalbatana Vallis, Aromatum Chaos (the source region for Ravi Vallis), the westernmost portion of Ravi Vallis, and the source area of Nanedi Valles. The Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Image System (THEMIS) IR daytime mosaic (100 m/pixel) was used as the primary base map. We constructed the geologic map of the source region of Shalbatana Vallis at 1:750,000 scale. We defined 16 geologic units in the map area, which we divided into the following groups: plains units, channel units, crater units, chaos units, flow units, and surficial units. Mapped linear features include ridge crests, scarp crests, channels, crests of crater rims, crests of buried or degraded crater rims, graben traces, grooves, troughs, and faults. Surface features include secondary crater chains and dark ejecta material. The geologic history of the map region can be summarized as follows. During the Noachian Period, ancient highland materials in the Xanthe Terra region, including lava and any ancient sedimentary units present, were reworked by impacts during the heavy bombardment. In particular, the impact that formed a basin that later underwent widespread resurfacing, likely as a combination of lava flows, reworked crater materials, and sedimentary deposits resulting in the flat-lying, smooth plains of Chryse Planitia. The Hesperian Period was characterized by the impact that formed Orson Welles crater and the subsequent formation of Shalbatana Vallis, as well as Aromatum Chaos and Ravi Vallis. During this period, depressions were filled with smooth material that was subsequently modified by collapse, subsidence, and flooding. Water filled and overflowed the tops of Orson Welles crater and other depressions. The Amazonian Period was characterized by ongoing collapse, as well as the formation of flow and surficial materials, including a lava flow that extends from Aromatum Chaos.
Astrogeology Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Dr.
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
We conducted population surveys for desert tortoises Gopherus agassizii at 2 nearby sites in the western Sonoran Desert of California, USA, from 2015-2018, during the driest ongoing 22 yr period (2000-2021) in the southwestern USA in over 1200 yr. We hypothesized that drought-induced mortality would be female-biased due to water and energy losses attributable to egg production during protracted periods of resource limitation. At the higher-elevation, cooler, wetter Cottonwood site from 2015-2016, the sex ratio of live adult tortoises was biased toward males and the sex ratio of tortoises estimated to have died during the intensified drought conditions from 2012-2016 was essentially even. At the lower-elevation, warmer, drier Orocopia site from 2017-2018, the sex ratio of live adult tortoises was biased toward males and the sex ratio of tortoises with estimated times of death from 2012-2016 was biased toward females. High female mortality at the Orocopia site may have resulted from the interaction of drought effects and the bet-hedging reproductive strategy of tortoises wherein they continue to produce clutches of eggs in drought years. Annual reproductive output results in an estimated loss of up to 13.5% of female tortoise body mass including over 0.20 l of water. Combined with dehydration during severe droughts, these losses may compromise their ability to survive droughts lasting more than 2 yr. The low tortoise density and high mortality of females observed may reflect reduced survival of tortoises near the southern edge of their range due to climate change, including protracted and intensified droughts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science","doi":"10.3354/esr01215","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., Puffer, M.R., Cummings, K.L., Arundel, T.R., Vamstad, M.S., and Brundige, K., 2023, High female desert tortoise mortality in the western Sonoran Desert during California’s epic 2012–2016 drought: Endangered Species Research, v. 50, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01215.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-136987","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01215","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":411779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western Sonoran Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.74633935253173,\n 33.546673773796684\n ],\n [\n -116.74633935253173,\n 32.83462051593962\n ],\n [\n -114.97247163027862,\n 32.83462051593962\n ],\n [\n -114.97247163027862,\n 33.546673773796684\n ],\n [\n -116.74633935253173,\n 33.546673773796684\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Puffer, Michele R. 0000-0003-4957-0963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-0963","contributorId":225575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puffer","given":"Michele","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cummings, Kristy L. 0000-0002-8316-5059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-5059","contributorId":202061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"Kristy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arundel, Terence R. 0000-0003-0324-4249 tarundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0324-4249","contributorId":139242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Terence","email":"tarundel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vamstad, Michael S.","contributorId":193100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vamstad","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":33709,"text":"National Park Service, Joshua Tree National Park, 74485 National Park Drive, Twentynine Palms, CA 92277-3597, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brundige, Kathleen D.","contributorId":225577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brundige","given":"Kathleen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":861458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70239235,"text":"ofr20221110 - 2023 - Guide for benthic invertebrate studies in support of Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-21T15:58:51.32835","indexId":"ofr20221110","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-04T14:12:19","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-1110","displayTitle":"Guide for Benthic Invertebrate Studies in Support of Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration","title":"Guide for benthic invertebrate studies in support of Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration","docAbstract":"This guide is intended to assist with characterizing injury to freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates (BMIs) in Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration (NRDAR) cases. The contents are narrowly focused on insects, crustaceans, snails, and other invertebrate fauna that are typically considered part of BMI communities and are not intended to address studies of injury to larger benthic taxa such as freshwater mussels, crayfish, or benthic fishes or amphibians. Although some percentage of the community functions as predators, BMIs are predominantly primary consumers (for example, scrapers, shredders, and filterer/gatherer feeding groups) that play an essential role in converting carbon and nitrogen from plant tissues into animal biomass for higher-order consumers, especially in flowing waters. Aquatic contaminants can disrupt the quantity and quality of energy transferred (ecosystem function) by reducing invertebrate biomass and diversity. Additionally, the accumulation of toxic residues in invertebrate tissues may be a source of exposure leading to adverse effects in higher trophic levels. The goal of NRDAR BMI assessments is to establish direct linkages of contaminant exposure to injuries reflected by changes in community structure (for example, reduced density and taxa richness) or by effects at the individual population level (for example, survival, growth, and reproduction). BMIs are infrequently the U.S. Department of Interior (DOI)-managed resource in a NRDAR case, with managed resources more frequently including migratory birds, fish, or other insectivorous vertebrates. Therefore, it is critical to have clearly defined objectives for evaluating BMIs and an understanding of how invertebrate data relate to the quantification of injuries to the DOI-managed resource. This guide is intended to assist decisions on whether or not to proceed with BMI studies, use of existing information and data for screening purposes, and what types of studies can support a BMI-injury determination. This document is intended to provide general considerations and best practices for assessing BMIs. Relevant guidance and references are listed throughout the report as sources for specific methods and analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221110","usgsCitation":"Soucek, D.J., Farag, A.M., Besser, J.M., and Steevens, J.A., 2023, Guide for benthic invertebrate studies in support of Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1110, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221110.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-139162","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411372,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221110/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":411347,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1110/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":411348,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1110/ofr20221110.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022–1110"},{"id":411349,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1110/ofr20221110.XML"},{"id":411350,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1110/images"}],"contact":"Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
The protistan genus Epistylis contains freshwater colonial species that attach to aquatic organisms in an epibiotic or parasitic relationship. They are known to attach to the epidermis and shells of aquatic turtles, but have not been reported to cause heavy infestations or morbidity in turtles. We documented heavy infestations of Epistylis spp. in several populations of Sonoran mud turtles (Kinosternon sonoriense) inhabiting livestock ponds in Arizona, USA, and rough-footed mud turtles (Kinosternon hirtipes) from livestock ponds in Texas, USA, over the course of several years. Severe Epistylis spp. infestations on mud turtles appeared to alter diving and swimming behavior when compared to uninfested conspecifics. Infestations were cleared in captivity using tap water or a 10% salt solution, and the turtles had no permanent damage to their shell or epidermis upon clearing. While several of the mud turtles we observed had poor body condition, it is possible that the severe infestations we observed were caused by a comorbidity associated with a pathogen, parasite, or poor habitat quality that made the turtles more susceptible to the Epistylis spp. infestation. Further research on causes for these severe infestations are warranted because they contribute to changes in behavior of the heavily infested turtles and may contribute to morbidity in Kinosternon spp. when mud turtles inhabit extremely warm, shallow, eutrophic aquatic habitats, such as livestock ponds.
Cover crops are planted to reduce soil erosion, increase soil fertility, and improve watershed management. In the Delmarva Peninsula of the eastern United States, winter cover crops are essential for reducing nutrient and sediment losses from farmland. Cost-share programs have been created to incentivize cover crops to achieve conservation objectives. This program required that cover crops be planted and terminated within a specified time window. Usually, farmers report cover crop termination dates for each enrolled field (∼28,000 per year), and conservation district staff confirm the report with field visits within two weeks of termination. This verification process is labor-intensive and time-consuming and became restricted in 2020–2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS, version 2.0) time-series data and the within-season termination (WIST) algorithm to detect cover crop termination dates over Maryland and the Delmarva Peninsula. The estimated remote sensing termination dates were compared to roadside surveys and to farmer-reported termination dates from the Maryland Department of Agriculture database for the 2020–2021 cover crop season. The results show that the WIST algorithm using HLS detected 94% of terminations (statuses) for the enrolled fields (n = 28,190). Among the detected terminations, about 49%, 72%, 84%, and 90% of remote sensing detected termination dates were within one, two, three, and four weeks of agreement to farmer-reported dates, respectively. A real-time simulation showed that the termination dates could be detected one week after termination operation using routinely available HLS data, and termination dates detected after mid-May are more reliable than those from early spring when the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was low. We conclude that HLS imagery and the WIST algorithm provide a fast and consistent approach for generating near-real-time cover crop termination maps over large areas, which can be used to support cost-share program verification.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.srs.2022.100073","usgsCitation":"Gao, F., Jennewein, J., Hively, W.D., Soroka, A.M., Thieme, A., Bradley, D., Keppler, J., Mirsky, S., and Akumaga, U., 2023, Near real-time detection of winter cover crop termination using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) to support ecosystem assessment: Science of Remote Sensing, v. 7, 100073, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srs.2022.100073.","productDescription":"100073, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144149","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srs.2022.100073","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":411274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay, Delmarva Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.069544467364,\n 37.94756618819288\n ],\n [\n -75.94812876408099,\n 37.94131461385136\n ],\n [\n -75.95701283993044,\n 37.899264516752396\n ],\n [\n -75.79709947463141,\n 37.901601263962206\n ],\n [\n -75.75564045399823,\n 37.94131461385136\n ],\n [\n -75.6993746402825,\n 37.950655814583385\n ],\n [\n -75.64014746794955,\n 37.94131461385136\n ],\n [\n -75.61053388178237,\n 37.99734400246169\n ],\n [\n -75.22555726161829,\n 38.02534265907727\n ],\n [\n -75.08341204801894,\n 38.27684897319932\n ],\n [\n -75.0389916687707,\n 38.447926991945224\n ],\n [\n -75.69049056443372,\n 38.45952234969701\n ],\n [\n -75.78229268154962,\n 39.723597608598226\n ],\n [\n -75.88594023313227,\n 39.71676420384449\n ],\n [\n -76.03993088119832,\n 39.44058615652014\n ],\n [\n -76.16430794309719,\n 39.36507397284154\n ],\n [\n -76.30053043946273,\n 39.1839704250678\n ],\n [\n -76.3390281014787,\n 39.046110820719235\n ],\n [\n -76.4219461427451,\n 38.850348316275074\n ],\n [\n -76.36568032902868,\n 38.47343431903974\n ],\n [\n -76.069544467364,\n 37.94756618819288\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gao, Feng 0000-0002-1865-2846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-2846","contributorId":70671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gao","given":"Feng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennewein, Jyoti","contributorId":243442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jennewein","given":"Jyoti","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hively, W. 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The Red River alluvial and the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifers are two of the most important and heavily pumped aquifers in northwestern Louisiana; however, little documentation of the regional hydrogeologic framework is available. The U.S. Geological Survey and the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development have consolidated information from, and built upon, previous studies of the Red River alluvial and the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifers to characterize and document the regional hydrogeologic framework of northwestern Louisiana.
The study area has been tectonically modified and includes abundant structural features such as salt domes and areally extensive faulting in addition to minor folding related to these features, all of which impact the sedimentological and hydraulic characteristics of the freshwater-bearing strata. The hydrogeologic framework of northwestern Louisiana comprises a sequence of structurally modifi ed, complexly interbedded, varyingly interconnected, clayey, sandy, and gravelly alluvial sediments. The important freshwater hydrogeologic units include the Quaternary Red River alluvial and upland terrace aquifers, and the underlying Tertiary Sparta, Cane River, and Carrizo-Wilcox aquifers. The Midway confining unit underlies the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer throughout the study area. No freshwater is present in or below the Midway Group.
Tertiary-age formations exposed at land surface in the study area have been incised by the Red River and are hydraulically connected to the Quaternary Red River alluvium in the Red River valley. In 2010, 7.73 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water were withdrawn from the Red River alluvial aquifer in the study area, representing an increase of 2.00 Mgal/d, or about 35 percent, over 2005 withdrawal rates.
The Tertiary Carrizo Sand and Wilcox Group crop out across much of the study area. The two units are hydraulically connected and function as a single hydrologic unit referred to as the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer. In 2010, 19.33 Mgal/d of water were withdrawn from the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in the study area, representing an increase of nearly 1.8 Mgal/d, or about 10 percent, over 2005 withdrawal rates. Any expansion in energy development, as well as water needs of an increasing population, could result in an increased demand on groundwater in northwestern Louisiana.
","language":"English","publisher":"Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Hays, P.D., Nottmeier, A.M., Fendick, R.B., Daugherty, W.J., and Carter, K., 2023, Hydrogeologic framework of the Red River alluvial aquifer and Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in northwestern Louisiana: Water Resources Technical Report of the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Office of Public Works 82, 35 p.","productDescription":"35 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122443","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":427146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":427145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wise.er.usgs.gov/dp/pdfs/USGSDOTD_WRTR82.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.04836792990136,\n 33.02200760162475\n ],\n [\n -94.04836792990136,\n 31.205735114403552\n ],\n [\n -91.87339632735423,\n 31.205735114403552\n ],\n [\n -91.87339632735423,\n 33.02200760162475\n ],\n [\n -94.04836792990136,\n 33.02200760162475\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hays, Phillip D. 0000-0001-5491-9272 pdhays@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-9272","contributorId":4145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Phillip","email":"pdhays@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nottmeier, Anna M. 0000-0002-0205-0955 anottmeier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-0955","contributorId":5283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nottmeier","given":"Anna","email":"anottmeier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fendick, Robert B.","contributorId":287472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fendick","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37374,"text":"Retired USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daugherty, William J.","contributorId":287473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daugherty","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37814,"text":"Former USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carter, Kayla kcarter@usgs.gov","contributorId":5681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Kayla","email":"kcarter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":897435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70240147,"text":"70240147 - 2023 - Maximizing the water quality benefits of wetlands in croplands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-31T16:09:46.160963","indexId":"70240147","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-01T10:06:18","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13286,"text":"Conservation Insight","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Maximizing the water quality benefits of wetlands in croplands","docAbstract":"Key Takeaways
Nutrient loads from croplands continue to negatively affect surface water quality, despite considerable investments in and adoption of agricultural conservation practices aimed at reducing nutrient losses.
Numerous studies indicate that effective restoration and management of wetlands in and adjacent to cultivated croplands could reduce surface and subsurface nutrient loads to downstream waters.
Current drainage basin-scale models do not effectively account for the local-scale processes that are important in understanding the functional variability of wetlands and their potential as conservation practices across different spatial and temporal scales.
Findings presented here from a literature review and simulation modeling study help inform bottom-up field-scale modeling of nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics and improve our understanding of the capacity for wetlands to provide nutrient retention services in agricultural drainage basins to inform strategic agricultural wetland restoration
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"McKenna, O.P., Ross, C.D., and Prenger, J., 2023, Maximizing the water quality benefits of wetlands in croplands: Conservation Insight, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123979","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":412472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2023-01/CEAP-Wetlands-2023-ConservationInsight-WetlandsWaterQuality.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, Owen P. 0000-0002-5937-9436 omckenna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5937-9436","contributorId":198598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"Owen","email":"omckenna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":862766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Caryn D 0000-0002-9125-1424","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9125-1424","contributorId":300667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Caryn","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prenger, Joseph","contributorId":301843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prenger","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65354,"text":"USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":862768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70241524,"text":"70241524 - 2023 - Comprehensive inventory of habitat assessment and evaluation datasets to support Deepwater Horizon mesophotic and deep benthic communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T13:52:48.219679","indexId":"70241524","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-01T08:44:46","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13626,"text":"DWH MDBC Data Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"DR-23-01","title":"Comprehensive inventory of habitat assessment and evaluation datasets to support Deepwater Horizon mesophotic and deep benthic communities","docAbstract":"This report is part of the NOAA Mesophotic and Deep Benthic Communities (MDBC) Series of \npublications that share the results of work conducted by the Deepwater Horizon MDBC restoration projects. \n \nThe 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill was an unprecedented event. Approximately 3.2 million barrels of oil were released into the deep ocean over nearly three months. The plume of oil moved throughout the water column, formed surface slicks that cumulatively covered an area the size of Virginia, and washed oil onto at least 1,300 miles of shoreline habitats. More than 770 square miles (2,000 square kilometers) of deep benthic habitat surrounding the Deepwater Horizon wellhead and 4-square miles of the Pinnacles mesophotic reef complex, located at the edge of the continental shelf, were injured by the oil spill. \n \nUnder the Oil Pollution Act, state and federal natural resource trustees conducted a Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA). The Trustees assessed damages, quantifying the unprecedented injuries to natural resources and lost services. They also developed a programmatic restoration plan to restore injured resources and compensate the public for lost services. \n \nIn April 2016, a settlement was finalized that included up to $8.8 billion in funding for the Deepwater Horizon Trustees to restore the natural resource injuries caused by the oil spill as described in their programmatic restoration plan, Final Programmatic Damage Assessment and Restoration Plan and Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement. The Deepwater Horizon Open Ocean Trustee Implementation Group is responsible for restoring natural resources and their services within the Open Ocean Restoration Area that were injured by the oil spill. The Open Ocean Trustees include NOAA, Department of the Interior, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Department of Agriculture. \n \nIn 2019, the Open Ocean Trustee Implementation Group committed more than $126 million to \nimplement four restoration projects to address the injury to MDBC. The MDBC projects are: mapping, Ground-truthing, and Predictive Habitat Modeling; Habitat Assessment and Evaluation; Coral Propagation Technique Development; and Active Management and Protection. NOAA and the Department of the Interior are implementing the projects, in cooperation with a range of partners, over eight years. \n \nTogether, the projects take a phased approach to meet the challenges involved in restoring deep-sea habitats. Challenges to restoration include a limited scientific understanding of these communities, limited experience with restoration at the depths at which these communities occur, and remote locations that limit accessibility. \n \nMore information about Deepwater Horizon restoration and the MDBC restoration projects is available at: www.gulfspillrestoration.noaa.gov.","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA","doi":"10.25923/kz7t-4674","usgsCitation":"Bassett, R., Herting, J., Frometa, J., Sharuga, S.M., Howell, J., Siceloff, L., Bourque, J.R., Cromwell, M., Francis, K., Clark, R., Demopoulos, A., David, A., Benson, K., and Harter, S.L., 2023, Comprehensive inventory of habitat assessment and evaluation datasets to support Deepwater Horizon mesophotic and deep benthic communities: DWH MDBC Data Report DR-23-01, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.25923/kz7t-4674.","productDescription":"68 p.","ipdsId":"IP-143985","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research 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under contract to NOAA/NOS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bourque, Jill R. 0000-0003-3809-2601","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3809-2601","contributorId":215719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourque","given":"Jill","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cromwell, Megan","contributorId":303303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cromwell","given":"Megan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65754,"text":"NOAA/NCEI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Francis, 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Andy","contributorId":302199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"David","given":"Andy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62397,"text":"NOAA/NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Benson, Kristopher","contributorId":302200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benson","given":"Kristopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62397,"text":"NOAA/NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Harter, Stacey L.","contributorId":302195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harter","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":62397,"text":"NOAA/NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70234154,"text":"70234154 - 2023 - The not-so-dead of winter: Underwater light climate and primary productivity under snow and ice cover in inland lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-20T13:42:57.274286","indexId":"70234154","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-01T08:43:09","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The not-so-dead of winter: Underwater light climate and primary productivity under snow and ice cover in inland lakes","docAbstract":"As global surface temperatures continue to rise as a result of anthropogenic climate change, effects in temperate lakes are likely to be more pronounced than in other ecosystems. Decreases in snow and ice cover extent and duration, as well as extended periods of summer stratification have been observed in temperate lake systems throughout the Anthropocene. However, the effects of changing snow and ice cover upon lacustrine communities remain largely uninvestigated. Here, we examined underwater light climate and associated primary productivity patterns under snow-covered and clear lake ice in 6 inland lakes in Minnesota, USA, spanning gradients of water column optical properties (blue, green, brown) associated with trophic status and organic material content. In all lakes, snow cover influenced not only the intensity, but also the spectral signature of light penetrating into the water column. Specifically, the wavelength of maximum penetration was shifted towards longer wavelengths under snow cover in green (eutrophic) lakes, while it was shifted towards shorter wavelengths in blue and brown lakes. Volumetric primary productivity was often higher than anticipated (e.g. ∼1200 mg · m-3 · d-1; L. Minnetonka, snow-covered ice). Carbon assimilation rates were lower under snow-covered ice throughout the water column in all lake types, except immediately under cleared ice in eutrophic lakes, where it is likely that phytoplankton were photo-inhibited due to penetration of intense, short-wavelength light. These findings suggest that changing patterns of snow and ice cover under ongoing climate change scenarios can affect patterns of phytoplankton primary productivity in sensitive aquatic ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/20442041.2022.2102870","usgsCitation":"Bramburger, A.J., Ozersky, T., Silsbe, G.M., Crawford, C., Olmanson, L., and Shchapov, K., 2023, The not-so-dead of winter: Underwater light climate and primary productivity under snow and ice cover in inland lakes: Inland Waters, v. 13, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2022.2102870.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-117588","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404654,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Barr's Lake, Lake Minnetonka, Parker's Lake, Pike Lake, Side Lake, South Sturgeon Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.71612548828124,\n 44.88214739188459\n ],\n [\n -93.4771728515625,\n 44.88214739188459\n ],\n [\n -93.4771728515625,\n 45.002680147135955\n ],\n [\n -93.71612548828124,\n 45.002680147135955\n ],\n [\n -93.71612548828124,\n 44.88214739188459\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.4764003753662,\n 44.988780766840776\n ],\n [\n -93.46558570861816,\n 44.988780766840776\n ],\n [\n -93.46558570861816,\n 44.998917328960005\n ],\n [\n -93.4764003753662,\n 44.998917328960005\n ],\n [\n -93.4764003753662,\n 44.988780766840776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.06982040405273,\n 47.628264338446485\n ],\n [\n -93.05643081665038,\n 47.628264338446485\n ],\n [\n 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\"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.97397708892822,\n 47.05272727896235\n ],\n [\n -91.95891380310059,\n 47.05272727896235\n ],\n [\n -91.95891380310059,\n 47.06334008807144\n ],\n [\n -91.97397708892822,\n 47.06334008807144\n ],\n [\n -91.97397708892822,\n 47.05272727896235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bramburger, Andrew J.","contributorId":294393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bramburger","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ozersky, Ted","contributorId":294394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ozersky","given":"Ted","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34699,"text":"University of Minnesota-Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silsbe, Greg M.","contributorId":294395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silsbe","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37215,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, Christopher J. 0000-0002-7145-0709 cjcrawford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7145-0709","contributorId":213607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Christopher J.","email":"cjcrawford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olmanson, Leif","contributorId":294396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olmanson","given":"Leif","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37643,"text":"University of Minnesota-Twin Cities","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shchapov, Krill","contributorId":294398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shchapov","given":"Krill","affiliations":[{"id":34699,"text":"University of Minnesota-Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70241938,"text":"70241938 - 2023 - What controls suspended-sediment concentration and export in flooded agricultural tracts in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-31T13:49:09.714507","indexId":"70241938","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-01T08:42:06","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What controls suspended-sediment concentration and export in flooded agricultural tracts in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta?","docAbstract":"We investigated wind-wave and suspended-sediment dynamics in Little Holland Tract and Liberty Island, two subsided former agricultural tracts in the Cache Slough complex in the northern Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta which were restored to tidal shallows to improve habitat. Turbidity, and thus suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), is important to habitat quality because some species of native fishes, including the Delta Smelt, are found preferentially in more turbid waters. Data from October 2015 to August 2016 show that average SSC was greater within Little Holland Tract than in the primary breach that connects the basin to surrounding channels: approximately twice as great at a shallower station farther from the breach and 15% greater at a deeper station closer to the breach. Suspended-sediment concentration within Little Holland Tract was directly related to wave shear stress and inversely related to water depth, based on linear regression. We used measurements of suspended-sediment flux (SSF) through the largest levee breaches to assess whether the enhanced SSC within Little Holland Tract is exported to surrounding waters, thus potentially increasing turbidity over a wider region. Cumulatively, sediment is exported through the Little Holland Tract breaches in winter and imported in summer, consistent with regional patterns in sediment flux, indicating that wind-wave re-suspension within the basin does not control sediment flux from Little Holland Tract on seasonal time-scales. Some sediment was exported during wind-wave events, and results show that sediment export is greater when primary breaches are located downwind of the basin rather than upwind.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Davis","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2023v21iss1art4","usgsCitation":"Lacy, J.R., Dailey, E.T., and Morgan-King, T.L., 2023, What controls suspended-sediment concentration and export in flooded agricultural tracts in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta?: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 21, no. 1, 4, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2023v21iss1art4.","productDescription":"4, 28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-142229","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2023v21iss1art4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.63062609782116,\n 38.35052041849974\n ],\n [\n -121.72889259399042,\n 38.35052041849974\n ],\n [\n -121.72889259399042,\n 38.22757247707426\n ],\n [\n -121.63062609782116,\n 38.22757247707426\n ],\n [\n -121.63062609782116,\n 38.35052041849974\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":201703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dailey, Evan T. 0000-0002-4382-3870 edailey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4382-3870","contributorId":195607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dailey","given":"Evan","email":"edailey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan-King, Tara L. 0000-0001-5632-5232 tamorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5232","contributorId":554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan-King","given":"Tara","email":"tamorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":868286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70239356,"text":"70239356 - 2023 - Improving the operational simplified surface energy balance evapotranspiration model using the forcing and normalizing operation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T13:18:25.464452","indexId":"70239356","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-01T07:17:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving the operational simplified surface energy balance evapotranspiration model using the forcing and normalizing operation","docAbstract":"Watershed resilience is the ability of a watershed to maintain its characteristic system state while concurrently resisting, adapting to, and reorganizing after hydrological (for example, drought, flooding) or biogeochemical (for example, excessive nutrient) disturbances. Vulnerable waters include non-floodplain wetlands and headwater streams, abundant watershed components representing the most distal extent of the freshwater aquatic network. Vulnerable waters are hydrologically dynamic and biogeochemically reactive aquatic systems, storing, processing, and releasing water and entrained (that is, dissolved and particulate) materials along expanding and contracting aquatic networks. The hydrological and biogeochemical functions emerging from these processes affect the magnitude, frequency, timing, duration, storage, and rate of change of material and energy fluxes among watershed components and to downstream waters, thereby maintaining watershed states and imparting watershed resilience. We present here a conceptual framework for understanding how vulnerable waters confer watershed resilience. We demonstrate how individual and cumulative vulnerable-water modifications (for example, reduced extent, altered connectivity) affect watershed-scale hydrological and biogeochemical disturbance response and recovery, which decreases watershed resilience and can trigger transitions across thresholds to alternative watershed states (for example, states conducive to increased flood frequency or nutrient concentrations). We subsequently describe how resilient watersheds require spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability in hydrological and biogeochemical interactions between terrestrial systems and down-gradient waters, which necessitates attention to the conservation and restoration of vulnerable waters and their downstream connectivity gradients. To conclude, we provide actionable principles for resilient watersheds and articulate research needs to further watershed resilience science and vulnerable-water management.
Body condition indices are commonly used in the management of fish populations and are a surrogate to physiological attributes such as tissue-energy reserves. Relative condition factor (Kn) describes the condition of species relative to populations in a geographic area. We developed models to allow for the calculation of Kn in Montana, USA by using the weight–length data collected by Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. We generated log10weight–log10length relationships to obtain Montana specific parameter estimates for relative condition equations (W′) for 51 species and three subspecies. We developed separate models by water type (e.g., lotic and lentic) and sex for five species due to varying growth based on sexual dimorphism and varying ecosystem types. Relative condition offers the advantage of describing body condition relative to species in Montana, provides a condition index for species that do not have standard-weight models developed for relative weight (Wr), and affords more information for the global database on weight–length relationships of fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/fishes8010028","usgsCitation":"Eckelbecker, R.W., Heili, N.M., Guy, C.S., and Schmetterling, D.A., 2023, Relative-condition parameters for fishes of Montana, USA: Fishes, v. 8, no. 1, 28, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8010028.","productDescription":"28, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-139822","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8010028","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":429875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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