Sublimation-thermokarst landforms result from collapse of the surface when ice is lost from the subsurface. On Mars, scalloped landforms with scales of decameters to kilometers are observed in the mid-latitudes and considered likely thermokarst features. We describe a landscape evolution model that couples diffusive mass movement and subsurface ice loss due to sublimation. Over periods of tens of thousands of Mars years under conditions similar to the present, the model produces scallop-like features similar to those on the Martian surface, starting from much smaller initial disturbances. The model also indicates crater expansion when impacts occur in surfaces underlain by excess ice to some depth, with morphologies similar to observed landforms on the Martian northern plains. In order to produce these landforms by sublimation, substantial quantities of excess ice are required, at least comparable to the vertical extent of the landform, and such ice must remain in adjacent terrain to support the non-deflated surface. We suggest that Martian thermokarst features are consistent with formation by sublimation, without melting, and that significant thicknesses of very clean excess ice (up to many tens of meters, the depth of some scalloped depressions) are locally present in the Martian mid-latitudes. Climate conditions leading to melting at significant depth are not required.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2015.07.033","usgsCitation":"Dundas, C.M., Byrne, S., and McEwen, A.S., 2015, Modeling the development of martian sublimation thermokarst landforms: Icarus, v. 262, p. 154-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.07.033.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059092","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"262","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5629faa6e4b011227bf1fd1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159972,"text":"70159972 - 2015 - Woodland salamander responses to a shelterwood harvest-prescribed burn silvicultural treatment within Appalachian mixed-oak forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-07T11:34:11","indexId":"70159972","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Woodland salamander responses to a shelterwood harvest-prescribed burn silvicultural treatment within Appalachian mixed-oak forests","docAbstract":"Forest management practices that mimic natural canopy disturbances, including prescribed fire and timber harvests, may reduce competition and facilitate establishment of favorable vegetative species within various ecosystems. Fire suppression in the central Appalachian region for almost a century has contributed to a transition from oak-dominated to more mesophytic, fire-intolerant forest communities. Prescribed fire coupled with timber removal is currently implemented to aid in oak regeneration and establishment but responses of woodland salamanders to this complex silvicultural system is poorly documented. The purpose of our research was to determine how woodland salamanders respond to shelterwood harvests following successive burns in a central Appalachian mixed-oak forest. Woodland salamanders were surveyed using coverboard arrays in May, July, and August–September 2011 and 2012. Surveys were conducted within fenced shelterwood-burn (prescribed fires, shelterwood harvest, and fencing to prevent white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus] herbivory), shelterwood-burn (prescribed fires and shelterwood harvest), and control plots. Relative abundance was modeled in relation to habitat variables measured within treatments for mountain dusky salamanders (Desmognathus ochrophaeus), slimy salamanders (Plethodon glutinosus), and eastern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus). Mountain dusky salamander relative abundance was positively associated with canopy cover and there were significantly more individuals within controls than either shelterwood-burn or fenced shelterwood-burn treatments. Conversely, habitat variables associated with slimy salamanders and eastern red-backed salamanders did not differ among treatments. Salamander age-class structure within controls did not differ from shelterwood-burn or fenced shelterwood-burn treatments for any species. Overall, the woodland salamander assemblage remained relatively intact throughout the shelterwoodburn silvicultural treatment compared to previous research within the same study area that examined pre-harvest fire effects. However, because of the multi-faceted complexities of this specific silvicultural system, continued research is warranted that evaluates long-term, additive impacts on woodland salamanders within managed central Appalachian deciduous forests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.042","usgsCitation":"Ford, W.M., Mahoney, K.R., Russell, K.R., Rodrigue, J.L., Riddle, J.D., Schuler, T.M., and Adams, M.B., 2015, Woodland salamander responses to a shelterwood harvest-prescribed burn silvicultural treatment within Appalachian mixed-oak forests: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 359, p. 277-285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.042.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"285","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064028","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.042","text":"External Repository"},{"id":311940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Fernow Experimental Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.66529846191406,\n 39.08850195155844\n ],\n [\n -79.67679977416992,\n 39.07331107941456\n ],\n [\n -79.64693069458006,\n 39.06038293728521\n ],\n [\n -79.63800430297852,\n 39.07704247384315\n ],\n [\n -79.64967727661133,\n 39.079974145329246\n ],\n [\n -79.65087890624999,\n 39.08557063444842\n ],\n [\n -79.66323852539062,\n 39.08836871251442\n ],\n [\n -79.66529846191406,\n 39.08850195155844\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"359","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5662c75be4b06a3ea36c67cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahoney, Kathleen R.","contributorId":150350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahoney","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russell, Kevin R.","contributorId":150351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodrigue, Jane L.","contributorId":150352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodrigue","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riddle, Jason D.","contributorId":146462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riddle","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schuler, Thomas M.","contributorId":150353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuler","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Mary Beth","contributorId":150354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Beth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70176592,"text":"70176592 - 2015 - Suspended-sediment dynamics in the tidal reach of a San Francisco Bay tributary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-22T09:52:22","indexId":"70176592","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2923,"text":"Ocean Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended-sediment dynamics in the tidal reach of a San Francisco Bay tributary","docAbstract":"To better understand suspended-sediment transport in a tidal slough adjacent to a large wetland restoration project, we deployed continuously measuring temperature, salinity, depth, turbidity, and velocity sensors in 2010 at a near-bottom location in Alviso Slough (Alviso, California, USA). Alviso Slough is the downstream reach of the Guadalupe River and flows into the far southern end of San Francisco Bay. River flow is influenced by the Mediterranean climate, with high flows (∼90 m3 s−1) correlated to episodic winter storms and low base flow (∼0.85 m3 s−1) during the summer. Storms and associated runoff have a large influence on sediment flux for brief periods, but the annual peak sediment concentrations in the slough, which occur in April and May, are similar to the rest of this part of the bay and are not directly related to peak discharge events. Strong spring tides promote a large upstream sediment flux as a front associated with the passage of a salt wedge during flood tide. Neap tides do not have flood-directed fronts, but a front seen sometimes during ebb tide appears to be associated with the breakdown of stratification in the slough. During neap tides, stratification likely suppresses sediment transport during weaker flood and ebb tides. The slough is flood dominant during spring tides, and ebb dominant during neap tides. Extreme events in landward (salt wedge) and bayward (rainfall events) suspended-sediment flux account for 5.0 % of the total sediment flux in the slough and only 0.55 % of the samples. The remaining 95 % of the total sediment flux is due to tidal transport, with an imbalance in the daily tidal transport producing net landward flux. Overall, net sediment transport during this study was landward indicating that sediment in the sloughs may not be flushed to the bay and are available for sedimentation in the adjacent marshes and ponds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s10236-015-0876-0","collaboration":"California State Coastal Conservancy; US Army Corps of Engineers; the Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in San Francisco Bay; USGS Priority Ecosystems Science Program; Santa Clara Valley Water District","usgsCitation":"Shellenbarger, G., Downing-Kunz, M.A., and Schoellhamer, D., 2015, Suspended-sediment dynamics in the tidal reach of a San Francisco Bay tributary: Ocean Dynamics, v. 65, no. 11, p. 1477-1488, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-015-0876-0.","startPage":"1477","endPage":"1488","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-062309","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Alviso","otherGeospatial":"Alviso Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.05741882324219,\n 37.397846264696724\n ],\n [\n -122.05741882324219,\n 37.47036222875846\n ],\n [\n -121.94412231445314,\n 37.47036222875846\n ],\n [\n -121.94412231445314,\n 37.397846264696724\n ],\n [\n -122.05741882324219,\n 37.397846264696724\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ee36e4b0bc0bec09e90d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shellenbarger, Gregory gshellen@usgs.gov","contributorId":174805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellenbarger","given":"Gregory","email":"gshellen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downing-Kunz, Maureen A. 0000-0002-4879-0318 mdowning-kunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4879-0318","contributorId":3690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing-Kunz","given":"Maureen","email":"mdowning-kunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157499,"text":"ds965 - 2015 - Topographic and hydrographic survey data for the São Francisco River near Torrinha, Bahia, Brazil, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T08:25:52","indexId":"ds965","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-21T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"965","title":"Topographic and hydrographic survey data for the São Francisco River near Torrinha, Bahia, Brazil, 2014","docAbstract":"Navigable inland waterways, including lakes, rivers, and reservoirs, are important transportation routes for people and goods in Brazil. Natural and anthropogenic effects coupled with recent severe droughts have led to decreased inland waterway navigation. The Company for Development of the São Francisco and Parnaíba River Valleys (CODEVASF) has recognized the decrease in waterway navigation and is investing resources to help restore selected reaches of the São Francisco River for navigation. In 2011, CODEVASF signed an agreement with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) seeking technical assistance and engineering expertise in waterway navigation and bank stabilization. The Torrinha-Itacoatiara study reach near Torrinha, Bahia was 1 of 12 conceptual waterway navigation improvement feasibility studies and was the focus of this study. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the USACE and CODEVASF, collected topographic and hydrographic data from May 22 to June 12, 2014, to provide baseline data for supporting computational streamflow models.
\nThis report presents the surveying techniques and data-processing methods used to collect, process, and disseminate topographic and hydrographic data. All standard and non‑standard data-collection methods, techniques, and data process methods were documented. Additional discussion describes the quality-assurance and quality-control elements used in this study, along with the limitations for the Torrinha-Itacoatiara study reach data. The topographic and hydrographic geospatial data are published along with associated metadata.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds965","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Company for Development of the São Francisco and Parnaiba River Valleys","usgsCitation":"Fosness, R.L., and Dietsch, B.J., 2015, Topographic and hydrographic survey data for the São Francisco River near Torrinha, Bahia, Brazil, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 965, 28 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds965.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; GIS Datasets","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2014-05-22","temporalEnd":"2014-06-12","ipdsId":"IP-063788","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0965/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310183,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0965/ds0965.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 965 PDF"},{"id":310308,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0965/ds0965_table3.html","text":"GIS Datasets","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"GIS Datasets","linkHelpText":"Metadata, preview illustrations, and compressed geospatial data sets for the Torrinha-Itacoatiara feasibility study, São Francisco River near Torrinha, Bahia, Brazil, 2014."}],"country":"Brazil","state":"Bahia","city":"Torrinha","otherGeospatial":"São Francisco River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -43.385009765625,\n -11.549998444541838\n ],\n [\n -43.385009765625,\n -10.992423823549997\n ],\n [\n -42.9290771484375,\n -10.992423823549997\n ],\n [\n -42.9290771484375,\n -11.549998444541838\n ],\n [\n -43.385009765625,\n -11.549998444541838\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702
http://id.water.usgs.gov
The Yakima River Basin in south-central Washington has a long history of irrigated agriculture and a more recent history of large-scale livestock operations, both of which may contribute nutrients to the groundwater system. Nitrate concentrations in water samples from shallow groundwater wells in the lower Yakima River Basin exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard, generating concerns that current applications of fertilizer and animal waste may be exceeding the rate at which plants can uptake nutrients, and thus contributing to groundwater contamination.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently completed a regional scale transient three-dimensional groundwater-flow model of the Yakima River Basin using MODFLOW-2000. The model was used with the USGS particle-tracking code MODPATH to generate advective flowpaths and associated travel times. Analyses used particle backtracking in time from September 2001 through 504 monthly stress periods to October 1959 or until pathlines terminated at a model boundary. The particle starting locations were assigned to 1,000 foot square computational model cells containing one or more of the 121 sampling locations with measured nitrate concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard for nitrate (10 milligrams per liter [mg/L]). Of the 2,403 particles, the simulated pathlines for 2,080 reached the water table within the 42-year simulation period, thus identifying the predicted recharge areas for those particles. The median horizontal straight-line distance was 13,194 feet between starting and ending locations for these particles and the median time-of-travel for particles that intersected the water table was 984 days. Well to water-table travel times for 75.4 percent of the particles were less than the average travel time of 3,749 days. Predicted recharge locations for all particles, including those that did not reach the water table in 42 years, were between 50 feet and 34 miles horizontal distance from their starting locations, with a median distance of less than 3 miles away.
\nGeneralized groundwater-flow directions in unconsolidated basin-fill deposits were towards the Yakima River, which acts as a local sink for shallow groundwater, and roughly parallel to topographic gradients. Particles backtracked from more shallow aquifer locations traveled shorter distances before reaching the water table than particles from deeper locations. Flowpaths for particles starting at wells completed in the basalt units underlying the basin-fill deposits sometimes were different than for wells with similar lateral locations but more shallow depths. In cases where backtracking particles reached geologic structures simulated as flow barriers, abrupt changes in direction in some particle pathlines suggest significant changes in simulated hydraulic gradients that may not accurately reflect actual conditions. Most groundwater wells sampled had associated zones of contribution within the Toppenish/Benton subbasin between the well and the nearest subbasin margin, but interpretation of these results for any specific well is likely to be complicated by the assumptions and simplifications inherent in the model construction process. Delineated zones of contribution for individual wells are sensitive to the depths assigned to the screened interval of the well, resulting in simulated areal extents of the zones of contribution to a discharging well that are elongated in the direction of groundwater flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155149","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Bachmann, M.P., 2015, Particle tracking for selected groundwater wells in the lower Yakima River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5149, 33 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155149.","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066526","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5149/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310288,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5149/sir20155149.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.5MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5149 Report PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.95947265624999,\n 45.935870621190546\n ],\n [\n -120.95947265624999,\n 46.58529390583601\n ],\n [\n -119.53125,\n 46.58529390583601\n ],\n [\n -119.53125,\n 45.935870621190546\n ],\n [\n -120.95947265624999,\n 45.935870621190546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov
The Albuquerque Basin, located in central New Mexico, is about 100 miles long and 25–40 miles wide. The basin is hydrologically defined as the extent of consolidated and unconsolidated deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age that encompasses the structural Rio Grande Rift. Drinking-water supplies throughout the basin were obtained solely from groundwater resources until December 2008, when treatment and distribution of surface water from the Rio Grande through the San Juan-Chama Drinking Water Project began. A 20-percent population increase in the basin from 1990 to 2000 and a 22-percent population increase from 2000 to 2010 resulted in an increased demand for water.
An initial network of wells was established by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque from April 1982 through September 1983 to monitor changes in groundwater levels throughout the basin. This network consisted of 6 wells with analog-to-digital recorders and 27 wells where water levels were measured monthly in 1983. The network currently (2014) consists of 125 wells and piezometers. (A piezometer is a specialized well open to a specific depth in the aquifer, often of small diameter and nested with other piezometers open to different depths.) The USGS, in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority, currently (2014) measures and reports water levels from the 125 wells and piezometers in the network; this report presents water-level data collected by USGS personnel at those 125 sites through water year 2014 (October 1, 2013, to September 30, 2014).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds963","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Beman, J.E., 2015, Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2014 (ver. 1.1, August 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 963, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds963.","productDescription":"iii, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063333","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0963/ds963.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 963"},{"id":388363,"rank":2,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0963/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"535 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 963 Version History"},{"id":388485,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0963/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.03955078125,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -108.03955078125,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -106.23779296875,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -106.23779296875,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -108.03955078125,\n 34.252676117101515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1: August 2021","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
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In January 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey National Geospatial Technical Operations Center began producing the 1-Meter Digital Elevation Model data product. This new product was developed to provide high resolution bare-earth digital elevation models from light detection and ranging (lidar) elevation data and other elevation data collected over the conterminous United States (lower 48 States), Hawaii, and potentially Alaska and the U.S. territories. The 1-Meter Digital Elevation Model consists of hydroflattened, topographic bare-earth raster digital elevation models, with a 1-meter x 1-meter cell size, and is available in 10,000-meter x 10,000-meter square blocks with a 6-meter overlap. This report details the specifications required for the production of the 1-Meter Digital Elevation Model.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section B: U.S. Geological Survey Standards in Book 11: Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm11B7","usgsCitation":"Arundel, S.T., Archuleta, C.M., Phillips, L.A., Roche, B.L., and Constance, E.W., 2015, 1-meter digital elevation model specification: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 11, chap. B7, 25 p. with appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm11B7.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066922","costCenters":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/b07/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310106,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/b07/tm11-b7.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T&M 11–B7"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 7 of Section B: U.S. Geological Survey Standards in Book 11: Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Technical Operations Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401–2602
http://ngtoc.usgs.gov/
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-10-21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5628a91ce4b0d158f5926bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arundel, Samantha T. sarundel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Samantha","email":"sarundel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archuleta, Christy-Ann M. 0000-0002-4522-8573 carchule@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4522-8573","contributorId":2128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"Christy-Ann","email":"carchule@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Lori A. 0000-0002-9299-5134 lphillips@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9299-5134","contributorId":5185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Lori","email":"lphillips@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roche, Brittany L. broche@usgs.gov","contributorId":148003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roche","given":"Brittany L.","email":"broche@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Constance, Eric W. 0000-0001-9687-7066 econstance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-7066","contributorId":2056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constance","given":"Eric","email":"econstance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168439,"text":"70168439 - 2015 - Projected future vegetation changes for the northwest United States and southwest Canada at a fine spatial resolution using a dynamic global vegetation model.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-17T08:47:53","indexId":"70168439","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected future vegetation changes for the northwest United States and southwest Canada at a fine spatial resolution using a dynamic global vegetation model.","docAbstract":"
Future climate change may significantly alter the distributions of many plant taxa. The effects of climate change may be particularly large in mountainous regions where climate can vary significantly with elevation. Understanding potential future vegetation changes in these regions requires methods that can resolve vegetation responses to climate change at fine spatial resolutions. We used LPJ, a dynamic global vegetation model, to assess potential future vegetation changes for a large topographically complex area of the northwest United States and southwest Canada (38.0–58.0°N latitude by 136.6–103.0°W longitude). LPJ is a process-based vegetation model that mechanistically simulates the effect of changing climate and atmospheric CO2 concentrations on vegetation. It was developed and has been mostly applied at spatial resolutions of 10-minutes or coarser. In this study, we used LPJ at a 30-second (~1-km) spatial resolution to simulate potential vegetation changes for 2070–2099. LPJ was run using downscaled future climate simulations from five coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (CCSM3, CGCM3.1(T47), GISS-ER, MIROC3.2(medres), UKMO-HadCM3) produced using the A2 greenhouse gases emissions scenario. Under projected future climate and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the simulated vegetation changes result in the contraction of alpine, shrub-steppe, and xeric shrub vegetation across the study area and the expansion of woodland and forest vegetation. Large areas of maritime cool forest and cold forest are simulated to persist under projected future conditions. The fine spatial-scale vegetation simulations resolve patterns of vegetation change that are not visible at coarser resolutions and these fine-scale patterns are particularly important for understanding potential future vegetation changes in topographically complex areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0138759","usgsCitation":"Shafer, S., Bartlein, P.J., Gray, E.M., and Pelltier, R.T., 2015, Projected future vegetation changes for the northwest United States and southwest Canada at a fine spatial resolution using a dynamic global vegetation model.: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 10, e0138759, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138759.","productDescription":"e0138759, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051960","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471711,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138759","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F73X84PH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"LPJ biomes (30-year mean) simulated using monthly historical (1901-2000) CRU TS 2.1 climate data and projected future (2001-2099) CMIP3 A2 and A1B simulated climate data on a 30-second grid of the northwest United States and southwest Canada, version 1.0"},{"id":438676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7CF9N51","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Bioclimatic variables calculated from statistically-downscaled historical (1901-2000) CRU TS 2.1 climate data and projected future (2001-2099) CMIP3 A2 and A1B simulated climate data on a 30-second grid of the northwest United States and southwest Canada, version 1.0"},{"id":438675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H70CWW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Statistically-downscaled monthly historical (1901-2000) CRU TS 2.1 and projected future (2001-2099) CMIP3 A2 and A1B simulated temperature, precipitation, and sunshine data on a 30-second grid of the northwest United States and southwest Canada, version 1.0"},{"id":318024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.6,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -136.6,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -136.6,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c304cce4b0946c652087b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafer, Sarah 0000-0003-3739-2637 sshafer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3739-2637","contributorId":149866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah","email":"sshafer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartlein, Patrick J.","contributorId":106879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlein","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":166817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24533,"text":"The Nature Conservancy of Maryland/DC, Bethesda, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pelltier, Richard T. 0000-0001-8322-7961 rtpelltier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8322-7961","contributorId":4683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pelltier","given":"Richard","email":"rtpelltier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175556,"text":"70175556 - 2015 - Linking microbial community structure and microbial processes: An empirical and conceptual overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T11:23:29","indexId":"70175556","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-20T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking microbial community structure and microbial processes: An empirical and conceptual overview","docAbstract":"A major goal of microbial ecology is to identify links between microbial community structure and microbial processes. Although this objective seems straightforward, there are conceptual and methodological challenges to designing studies that explicitly evaluate this link. Here, we analyzed literature documenting structure and process responses to manipulations to determine the frequency of structure-process links and whether experimental approaches and techniques influence link detection. We examined nine journals (published 2009–13) and retained 148 experimental studies measuring microbial community structure and processes. Many qualifying papers (112 of 148) documented structure and process responses, but few (38 of 112 papers) reported statistically testing for a link. Of these tested links, 75% were significant and typically used Spearman or Pearson's correlation analysis (68%). No particular approach for characterizing structure or processes was more likely to produce significant links. Process responses were detected earlier on average than responses in structure or both structure and process. Together, our findings suggest that few publications report statistically testing structure-process links. However, when links are tested for they often occur but share few commonalities in the processes or structures that were linked and the techniques used for measuring them.
","language":"English","publisher":"Federation of European Microbiological Societies","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1093/femsec/fiv113","usgsCitation":"Bier, R., Bernhardt, E.S., Boot, C.M., Graham, E.B., Hall, E.K., Lennon, J.T., Nemergut, D.R., Osborne, B.B., Ruiz-Gonzalez, C., Schimel, J.P., Waldrop, M.P., and Wallenstein, M.D., 2015, Linking microbial community structure and microbial processes: An empirical and conceptual overview: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 91, no. 10, Article fiv113; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiv113.","productDescription":"Article fiv113; 11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066451","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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Univerisity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boot, Claudia M.","contributorId":167200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boot","given":"Claudia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Emily B.","contributorId":202683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graham","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hall, Edward K. ehall@usgs.gov","contributorId":4837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Edward","email":"ehall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":645676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lennon, Jay 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The storm caused major flooding from the central to the coastal areas of South Carolina. Almost 27 inches of rain fell near Mount Pleasant in Charleston County during this period. U.S. Geological Survey streamgages recorded peaks of record at 17 locations, and 15 other locations had peaks that ranked in the top 5 for the period of record. During the October 2015 flood event, U.S. Geological Survey personnel made about 140 streamflow measurements at 86 locations to verify, update, or extend existing rating curves, which are used to compute streamflow from monitored river stage.
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U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
http://sc.water.usgs.gov
From 2000 to 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted 139 quantitative assessments of continuous (unconventional) oil and gas accumulations within the United States. This report documents those assessments more fully than previously done by providing detailed documentation of both the assessment input and output. This report also compiles the data into spreadsheet tables that can be more readily used to provide analogs for future assessments, especially for hypothetical continuous accumulations.
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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://energy.usgs.gov/
Wyoming has led the nation as the producer of uranium ore since 1995 and contains the largest reserves of any state. Approximately one third of Wyoming’s total production came from deposits in, or immediately adjacent to, the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) study area in the southwestern corner of the state including all of Carbon, Lincoln, Sublette, Sweetwater, Uinta, and parts of southern Fremont Counties. Conventional open-pit and underground mining methods were employed in the study area until the early 1990s. Since the early 1990s, all uranium mining has been by in-situ recovery (also called in-situ leach). It is estimated that statewide remaining resources of 141,000 tonnes of uranium are about twice the 84,000 tonnes of uranium that the state has already produced.
\nAn evaluation of the mineral commodities present in the WLCI study area that may have a role in the development of southwest Wyoming includes uranium. The WLCI study area contains five uranium mineralized areas: Ketchum Buttes, Poison Basin, Shirley Basin, the southern part of Crooks Gap–Green Mountain, and most of Great Divide Basin. Mineralized areas described in the report and outlined on an accompanying map are based on the presence of either contiguous claim blocks, continuous mineralization adjacent to prospective uranium properties, suggestions of mineralization based on site entries in the U.S. Geological Survey’s Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), or extension of geologic host units or structures. Mineralized areas are not the same as mining districts: the latter have defined administrative boundaries.
\nIn the WLCI study area, all uranium areas except Poison Basin and Ketchum Buttes contain roll-front deposits in Eocene (56–34 Ma) sedimentary rocks. Tabular sandstone-hosted uranium deposits are also recognized within the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141123","usgsCitation":"Wilson, A.B., 2015, Uranium in the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative Study Area, southwestern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014–1123, 33 p., 1 plate, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141123.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 33 p.; Plate: 35 x 28 inches; Appendixes A-B","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040674","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1123/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":309986,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1123/pdf/AppendixB_MRDS_Database_User_Manual_Explanation.pdf","text":"Appendix B","size":"367 kB","description":"OFR 2014-1123 Appendix B","linkHelpText":"Director, Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS–973
Denver, CO 80225
http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/
Watershed-scale monitoring, field aeration experiments, and geochemical equilibrium and kinetic modeling were conducted to evaluate interdependent changes in pH, dissolved CO2, O2, and Fe(II) concentrations that typically take place downstream of net-alkaline, circumneutral coal-mine drainage (CMD) outfalls and during aerobic treatment of such CMD. The kinetic modeling approach, using PHREEQC, accurately simulates observed variations in pH, Fe(II) oxidation, alkalinity consumption, and associated dissolved gas concentrations during transport downstream of the CMD outfalls (natural attenuation) and during 6-h batch aeration tests on the CMD using bubble diffusers (enhanced attenuation). The batch aeration experiments demonstrated that aeration promoted CO2 outgassing, thereby increasing pH and the rate of Fe(II) oxidation. The rate of Fe(II) oxidation was accurately estimated by the abiotic homogeneous oxidation rate law −d[Fe(II)]/dt = k1·[O2]·[H+]−2·[Fe(II)] that indicates an increase in pH by 1 unit at pH 5–8 and at constant dissolved O2 (DO) concentration results in a 100-fold increase in the rate of Fe(II) oxidation. Adjusting for sample temperature, a narrow range of values for the apparent homogeneous Fe(II) oxidation rate constant (k1′) of 0.5–1.7 times the reference value of k1 = 3 × 10−12 mol/L/min (for pH 5–8 and 20 °C), reported by Stumm and Morgan (1996), was indicated by the calibrated models for the 5-km stream reach below the CMD outfalls and the aerated CMD. The rates of CO2 outgassing and O2ingassing in the model were estimated with first-order asymptotic functions, whereby the driving force is the gradient of the dissolved gas concentration relative to equilibrium with the ambient atmosphere. Although the progressive increase in DO concentration to saturation could be accurately modeled as a kinetic function for the conditions evaluated, the simulation of DO as an instantaneous equilibrium process did not affect the model results for Fe(II) or pH. In contrast, the model results for pH and Fe(II) were sensitive to the CO2 mass transfer rate constant (kL,CO2a). The value of kL,CO2a estimated for the stream (0.010 min−1) was within the range for the batch aeration experiments (0–0.033 min−1). These results indicate that the abiotic homogeneous Fe(II) oxidation rate law, with adjustments for variations in temperature and CO2 outgassing rate, may be applied to predict changes in aqueous iron and pH for net-alkaline, ferruginous waters within a stream (natural conditions) or a CMD treatment system (engineered conditions).
","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.009","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C.A., 2015, Monitoring, field experiments, and geochemical modeling of Fe(II) oxidation kinetics in a stream dominated by net-alkaline coal-mine drainage, Pennsylvania, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 62, p. 96-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"107","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056783","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310196,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Schuylkill River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.05422973632812,\n 40.84446321237158\n ],\n [\n -76.11465454101562,\n 40.84342432639293\n ],\n [\n -76.18125915527344,\n 40.82991732677595\n ],\n [\n -76.27120971679688,\n 40.80809251416925\n ],\n [\n -76.3165283203125,\n 40.78626052122175\n ],\n [\n -76.33987426757812,\n 40.7519385984599\n ],\n [\n -76.35017395019531,\n 40.71343536379427\n ],\n [\n -76.35223388671875,\n 40.66918118282895\n ],\n [\n -76.33026123046874,\n 40.617079816381285\n ],\n [\n -76.30691528320311,\n 40.594663726004995\n ],\n [\n -76.27052307128906,\n 40.57849862511043\n ],\n [\n -76.21147155761719,\n 40.560764667193595\n ],\n [\n -76.14761352539062,\n 40.565981025008355\n ],\n [\n -76.09130859375,\n 40.58162765924269\n ],\n [\n -76.04667663574219,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -75.97457885742188,\n 40.66657708045136\n ],\n [\n -75.95878601074219,\n 40.71499673906409\n ],\n [\n -75.95466613769531,\n 40.75453936473234\n ],\n [\n -75.94917297363281,\n 40.809391811146064\n ],\n [\n -75.96256256103516,\n 40.824201998489876\n ],\n [\n -75.97766876220703,\n 40.83745041598948\n ],\n [\n -76.01303100585938,\n 40.844982649254064\n ],\n [\n -76.05422973632812,\n 40.84446321237158\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562757a6e4b0d158f5926501","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159199,"text":"70159199 - 2015 - Taking a systems approach to ecological systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T15:39:13","indexId":"70159199","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-20T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taking a systems approach to ecological systems","docAbstract":"Increasingly, there is interest in a systems-level understanding of ecological problems, which requires the evaluation of more complex, causal hypotheses. In this issue of the Journal of Vegetation Science, Soliveres et al. use structural equation modeling to test a causal network hypothesis about how tree canopies affect understorey communities. Historical analysis suggests structural equation modeling has been under-utilized in ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jvs.12340","usgsCitation":"Grace, J.B., 2015, Taking a systems approach to ecological systems: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 26, no. 6, p. 1025-1027, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12340.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1027","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067715","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12340","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562757a9e4b0d158f5926509","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70155234,"text":"ofr20101274 - 2015 - Geologic and geophysical maps of the El Casco 7.5′ quadrangle, Riverside County, southern California, with accompanying geologic-map database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T21:08:50.251635","indexId":"ofr20101274","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-20T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1274","title":"Geologic and geophysical maps of the El Casco 7.5′ quadrangle, Riverside County, southern California, with accompanying geologic-map database","docAbstract":"Earth materials and structures in the El Casco quadrangle provide considerable information about the late Cenozoic geologic evolution of southern California’s Inland Empire region (fig. 2). Important structural and stratigraphic elements include (1) modern traces of the right-lateral San Jacinto Fault zone, (2) older traces of the San Jacinto Fault zone, and (3) sedimentary materials and geologic structures that formed during the last eight million years or so and that record interactions within the San Andreas Fault system. These materials, and the structures that deform them, provide a geologic context 3 for investigations of groundwater recharge and subsurface flow (Waring, 1919; Burnham and Dutcher, 1960; Bloyd, 1971; Rewis and others, 2006).
\nThis geologic database of the El Casco 7.5′ quadrangle was prepared by the Basins and Landscape Co-Evolution Project (BALANCE), a regional geologic-mapping project sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the California Geological Survey. The database was developed as a contribution to the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program’s National Geologic Map Database, and provides a general geologic setting of the El Casco quadrangle. The database and map provide information about earth materials and geologic structures, including faults and folds that have developed in the quadrangle due to complexities in the San Andreas Fault system.
\nGeologic information contained in the El Casco database is general-purpose data applicable to land-related investigations in the earth and biological sciences. The term “general-purpose” means that all geologic-feature classes have minimal information content adequate to characterize their general geologic characteristics and to interpret their general geologic history. However, no single feature class has enough information to definitively characterize its properties and origin. For this reason the database cannot be used for site-specific geologic evaluations, although it can be used to plan and guide investigations at the site-specific level.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101274","usgsCitation":"Matti, J.C., Morton, D.M., and Langenheim, V., 2015, Geologic and geophysical maps of the El Casco 7.5′ quadrangle, Riverside County, southern California, with accompanying geologic-map database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1274, Report: vi, 141; 3 Sheets: 46.77 x 36.00 inches or smaller; Dataset; Metadata; Read Me, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101274.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 141; 3 Sheets: 46.77 x 36.00 inches or smaller; Dataset; Metadata; Read Me","numberOfPages":"147","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021187","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308467,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Pamphlet"},{"id":308466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":308468,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Plot file of the geologic map of the El Casco 7.5' quadrangle"},{"id":308472,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_metadata.txt","text":"Metadata","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Metadata"},{"id":308471,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_readme.txt","text":"Read Me","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Read Me"},{"id":399006,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_103546.htm"},{"id":308470,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Plot file of the gravity map"},{"id":308469,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Plot file of observation data for the El Casco 7.5' quadrangle"},{"id":308473,"rank":8,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1274/ofr20101274_data.zip","text":"Data","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2010-1274 Data"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"El Casco 7.5' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.125,\n 33.875\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 33.875\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -117.125,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -117.125,\n 33.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"GMEG staff, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Tucson
U.S.G.S., c/o University of Arizona
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Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer (km) south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay, Calif. This report includes the data collected by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists for the period January 2014 to December 2014. These append to long-term datasets extending back to 1974, and serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
\nFollowing significant reductions in the late 1980s, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations in sediment and M. petalum appear to have stabilized. Data for other metals, including chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements have remained relatively constant, aside from seasonal variation that is common to all elements. In 2014, concentrations of Ag and Cu in M. petalum varied seasonally in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and annual growth and reproduction, as reported previously. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg, and Se, were generally similar in timing and magnitude as those for Ag and Cu. In M. petalum, all observed elements showed annual maxima in January–February and minima in April, except for Zn, which was lowest in December. In sediments, annual maxima also occurred in January–February, and minima were measured in June and September. In 2014, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest on record. This record suggests that regional-scale factors now largely control sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Ag and Cu, as well as other elements of regulatory interest, at the Palo Alto site.
\nAnalyses of the benthic community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 40-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of M. petalum shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable (2014), with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. The entire infaunal community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals; both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly in 2011–2012 and returned to pre-2011 numbers in 2014. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for deep-dwelling animals like Macoma petalum. However, within two months of this event animals returned to the mudflat. The resilience of the community suggested that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or to anoxia. The reproductive mode of most species present in 2014 is reflective of species that were available either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2014 benthic community data, which showed that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of species that consume the sediment, or filter feed, have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and those that brood their young. USGS scientists view the 2008 disturbance event as a response by the infaunal community to an episodic natural stressor (possibly sediment accretion or a pulse of freshwater), in contrast to the long-term recovery from metal contamination. We will compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed after the 1970’s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151199","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Thompson, J.K., Crauder, J., Parcheso, F., Stewart, A.R., Kleckner, A.E., Dyke, J., Hornberger, M.I., and Luoma, S.N., 2015, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California: 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1199, viii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151199.","productDescription":"viii, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"89","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-068498","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310004,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1199/ofr20151199.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1199"},{"id":310003,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1199/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.11578369140626,\n 37.43493087364719\n ],\n [\n -122.11578369140626,\n 37.46123344639866\n ],\n [\n -122.09020614624023,\n 37.46123344639866\n ],\n [\n -122.09020614624023,\n 37.43493087364719\n ],\n [\n -122.11578369140626,\n 37.43493087364719\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"NRP staff
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Water quality data collected in 2012 for 10 above- and 14 below-drainage coal mine discharges (CMDs), classified by mining or excavation method, in the anthracite region of Pennsylvania, USA, are compared with data for 1975, 1991, and 1999 to evaluate long-term (37 year) changes in pH, SO42−, and Fe concentrations related to geochemistry, hydrology, and natural attenuation processes. We hypothesized that CMD quality will improve over time because of diminishing quantities of unweathered pyrite, decreased access of O2 to the subsurface after mine closure, decreased rates of acid production, and relatively constant influx of alkalinity from groundwater. Discharges from shafts, slopes, and boreholes, which are vertical or steeply sloping excavations, are classified as below-drainage; these receive groundwater inputs with low dissolved O2, resulting in limited pyrite oxidation, dilution, and gradual improvement of CMD water quality. In contrast, discharges from drifts and tunnels, which are nearly horizontal excavations into hillsides, are classified as above-drainage; these would exhibit less improvement in water quality over time because the rock surfaces continue to be exposed to air, which facilitates sustained pyrite oxidation, acid production, and alkalinity consumption. Nonparametric Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank tests between 1975 and 2012 samples indicate decreases in Fe and SO42− concentrations were highly significant (p < 0.05) and increases in pH were marginally significant (p < 0.1) for below-drainage discharges. For above-drainage discharges, changes in Fe and SO42−concentrations were not significant, and increases in pH were highly significant between 1975 and 2012. Although a greater proportion of above-drainage discharges were net acidic in 2012 compared to below-drainage discharges, the increase in pH between 1975 and 2012 was greater for above- (median pH increase from 4.4 to 6.0) compared to below- (median pH increase from 5.6 to 6.1) drainage discharges. For cases where O2 is limited, transformation of aqueous FeII species to FeIII may be kinetically limited. In contrast, where O2 is abundant, aqueous Fe concentrations may be limited by FeIIImineral precipitation; thus, trends in Fe may not follow those for SO42−. In either case, when the supply of alkalinity is sufficient to buffer decreased acidity, the pH could increase by a step trend from strongly acidic (3–3.5) to near neutral (6–6.5) values. Modeled equilibrium with respect to FeIII precipitates varies with pH and Fe and SO42−reconcentrations: increasing pH promotes the formation of ferrihydrite, while decreasing concentrations of Fe limit the formation of ferrihydrite, and decreasing Fe and SO42−concentrations limit the precipitation of schwertmannite and favor formation of FeIIIhydroxyl complexes and uncomplexed Fe2+ and Fe3+. The analysis of the long-term geochemical changes in CMDs in the anthracite field and the effect of the hydrologic setting on water quality presented in this paper can help prioritize CMD remediation and facilitate selection and design of the most appropriate treatment systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.010","usgsCitation":"Burrows, J.E., Peters, S.C., and Cravotta, C.A., 2015, Temporal geochemical variations in above- and below-drainage coal mine discharge: Applied Geochemistry, v. 62, p. 84-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.010.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056784","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.04437255859375,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -77.04437255859375,\n 41.605174521299304\n ],\n [\n -75.4595947265625,\n 41.605174521299304\n ],\n [\n -75.4595947265625,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -77.04437255859375,\n 40.36328834091583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562757aae4b0d158f592650b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burrows, Jill E.","contributorId":149323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burrows","given":"Jill","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16160,"text":"Lehigh University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, Stephen C.","contributorId":149324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16160,"text":"Lehigh University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159409,"text":"70159409 - 2015 - Short-term response of Holcus lanatus L. (Common Velvetgrass) to chemical and manual control at Yosemite National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T10:53:56","indexId":"70159409","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-20T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2100,"text":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term response of Holcus lanatus L. (Common Velvetgrass) to chemical and manual control at Yosemite National Park, USA","docAbstract":"One of the highest priority invasive species at both Yosemite and Sequoia and Kings Canyon national parks is Holcus lanatus L. (common velvetgrass), a perennial bunchgrass that invades mid-elevation montane meadows. Despite velvetgrass being a high priority species, there is little information available on control techniques. The goal of this project was to evaluate the short-term response of a single application of common chemical and manual velvetgrass control techniques. The study was conducted at three montane sites in Yosemite National Park. Glyphosate spot-spray treatments were applied at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% concentrations, and compared with hand pulling to evaluate effects on cover of common velvetgrass, cover of other plant species, and community species richness. Posttreatment year 1 cover of common velvetgrass was 12.1% ± 1.6 in control plots, 6.3% ± 1.5 averaged over the four chemical treatments (all chemical treatments performed similarly), and 13.6% ± 1.7 for handpulled plots. This represents an approximately 50% reduction in common velvetgrass cover in chemically- treated plots recoded posttreatment year 1 and no statistically significant reduction in hand pulled plots compared with controls. However, there was no treatment effect in posttreatment year 2, and all herbicide application rates performed similarly. In addition, there were no significant treatment effects on nontarget species or species richness. These results suggest that for this level of infestation and habitat type, (1) one year of hand pulling is not an effective control method and (2) glyphosate provides some level of control in the short-term without impact to nontarget plant species, but the effect is temporary as a single year of glyphosate treatment is ineffective over a two-year period.
","language":"English","publisher":"Weed Science Society of America","doi":"10.1614/IPSM-D-14-00060.1","usgsCitation":"Jones, L.J., Ostoja, S.M., Brooks, M.L., and Hutten, M., 2015, Short-term response of Holcus lanatus L. (Common Velvetgrass) to chemical and manual control at Yosemite National Park, USA: Invasive Plant Science and Management, v. 8, no. 3, p. 262-268, https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-14-00060.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"268","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-06-22","temporalEnd":"2012-06-30","ipdsId":"IP-056166","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 37.5249753680482\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 38.112949789189614\n ],\n [\n -119.24972534179688,\n 38.112949789189614\n ],\n [\n -119.24972534179688,\n 37.5249753680482\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 37.5249753680482\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5630a042e4b093cee7820422","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Laura J.","contributorId":149447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17736,"text":"Ecologist, National Park Service, El Portal, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostoja, Steven M. sostoja@usgs.gov","contributorId":3039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostoja","given":"Steven","email":"sostoja@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":33665,"text":"USDA California Climate Hub, UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutten, Martin","contributorId":28651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutten","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159233,"text":"70159233 - 2015 - Using a modified time-reverse imaging technique to locate low-frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault near Cholame, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T10:42:55","indexId":"70159233","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-20T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a modified time-reverse imaging technique to locate low-frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault near Cholame, California","docAbstract":"We present a new method to locate low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) within tectonic tremor episodes based on time-reverse imaging techniques. The modified time-reverse imaging technique presented here is the first method that locates individual LFEs within tremor episodes within 5 km uncertainty without relying on high-amplitude P-wave arrivals and that produces similar hypocentral locations to methods that locate events by stacking hundreds of LFEs without having to assume event co-location. In contrast to classic time-reverse imaging algorithms, we implement a modification to the method that searches for phase coherence over a short time period rather than identifying the maximum amplitude of a superpositioned wavefield. The method is independent of amplitude and can help constrain event origin time. The method uses individual LFE origin times, but does not rely on a priori information on LFE templates and families.We apply the method to locate 34 individual LFEs within tremor episodes that occur between 2010 and 2011 on the San Andreas Fault, near Cholame, California. Individual LFE location accuracies range from 2.6 to 5 km horizontally and 4.8 km vertically. Other methods that have been able to locate individual LFEs with accuracy of less than 5 km have mainly used large-amplitude events where a P-phase arrival can be identified. The method described here has the potential to locate a larger number of individual low-amplitude events with only the S-phase arrival. Location accuracy is controlled by the velocity model resolution and the wavelength of the dominant energy of the signal. Location results are also dependent on the number of stations used and are negligibly correlated with other factors such as the maximum gap in azimuthal coverage, source–station distance and signal-to-noise ratio.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggv337","usgsCitation":"Horstmann, T., Harrington, R., and Cochran, E.S., 2015, Using a modified time-reverse imaging technique to locate low-frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault near Cholame, California: Geophysical Journal International, v. 203, p. 1207-1226, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv337.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1207","endPage":"1226","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060666","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv337","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Cholame","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.43350219726562,\n 35.453398952505275\n ],\n [\n -120.43350219726562,\n 35.655622494585785\n ],\n [\n -120.15541076660156,\n 35.655622494585785\n ],\n [\n -120.15541076660156,\n 35.453398952505275\n ],\n [\n -120.43350219726562,\n 35.453398952505275\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"203","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562757ace4b0d158f5926511","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horstmann, Tobias","contributorId":53683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horstmann","given":"Tobias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrington, Rebecca M.","contributorId":71089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"Rebecca M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160395,"text":"70160395 - 2015 - Responses of macroinvertebrate community metrics to a wastewater discharge in the Upper Blue River of Kansas and Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T16:20:37","indexId":"70160395","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5025,"text":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of macroinvertebrate community metrics to a wastewater discharge in the Upper Blue River of Kansas and Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"The Blue River Main wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) discharges into the upper Blue River (725 km2), and is recently upgraded to implement biological nutrient removal. We measured biotic condition upstream and downstream of the discharge utilizing the macroinvertebrate protocol developed for Kansas streams. We examined responses of 34 metrics to determine the best indicators for discriminating site differences and for predicting biological condition. Significant differences between sites upstream and downstream of the discharge were identified for 15 metrics in April and 12 metrics in August. Upstream biotic condition scores were significantly greater than scores at both downstream sites in April (p = 0.02), and in August the most downstream site was classified as non-biologically supporting. Thirteen EPT taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) considered intolerant of degraded stream quality were absent at one or both downstream sites. Increases in tolerance metrics and filtering macroinvertebrates, and a decline in ratio of scrapers to filterers all indicated effects of increased nutrient enrichment. Stepwise regressions identified several significant models containing a suite of metrics with low redundancy (R2 = 0.90 - 0.99). Based on the rapid decline in biological condition downstream of the discharge, the level of nutrient removal resulting from the facility upgrade (10% - 20%) was not enough to mitigate negative effects on macroinvertebrate communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Research","doi":"10.4236/jwarp.2015.715098","usgsCitation":"Poulton, B.C., Graham, J., Rasmussen, T.J., and Stone, M.L., 2015, Responses of macroinvertebrate community metrics to a wastewater discharge in the Upper Blue River of Kansas and Missouri, USA: Journal of Water Resource and Protection, v. 7, p. 1195-1220, https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2015.715098.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1195","endPage":"1220","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058489","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2015.715098","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas and Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.5783805847168,\n 38.899316235331575\n ],\n [\n -94.58473205566406,\n 38.89677787400279\n ],\n [\n -94.58610534667969,\n 38.89330417988778\n ],\n [\n -94.58215713500977,\n 38.88689075977245\n ],\n [\n -94.5897102355957,\n 38.8771359067301\n ],\n [\n -94.60533142089844,\n 38.86898356409656\n ],\n [\n -94.61219787597655,\n 38.85976093475425\n ],\n [\n -94.61357116699219,\n 38.84986866947367\n ],\n [\n -94.61580276489256,\n 38.8422480135733\n ],\n [\n -94.6113395690918,\n 38.84131208727261\n ],\n [\n -94.59846496582031,\n 38.85722116008798\n ],\n [\n -94.58232879638672,\n 38.876868631634224\n ],\n [\n -94.57700729370116,\n 38.88648990178886\n ],\n [\n -94.57923889160156,\n 38.894773840440934\n ],\n [\n -94.57769393920897,\n 38.89624347058238\n ],\n [\n -94.5783805847168,\n 38.899316235331575\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","edition":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567a8246e4b0a04ef490fd18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poulton, Barry C. 0000-0002-7219-4911 bpoulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-4911","contributorId":2421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","email":"bpoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":150737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer L.","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":582826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rasmussen, Teresa J. 0000-0002-7023-3868 rasmuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-3868","contributorId":3336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Teresa","email":"rasmuss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stone, Mandy L. 0000-0002-6711-1536 mstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-1536","contributorId":4409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Mandy","email":"mstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159225,"text":"sir20155128 - 2015 - Storage capacity of the Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam, Mariana Islands, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T09:22:29","indexId":"sir20155128","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-19T20:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5128","title":"Storage capacity of the Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam, Mariana Islands, 2014","docAbstract":"The Fena Valley Reservoir is in southern Guam and is the primary source of water for the U.S. Naval Base Guam and nearby village residents. Since the construction of the Fena Dam in 1951, sediment has accumulated in the reservoir and reduced its storage capacity. The reservoir was surveyed previously in 1973, 1979, and 1990 to estimate the loss in storage capacity. To determine the current storage capacity, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, surveyed the bathymetry of the reservoir in February 2014.
\nThe bathymetric survey was accomplished by making depth soundings using a boat-mounted, acoustic Doppler current profiler. Location during bathymetric data collection was determined using a single-base Global Navigation Satellite System-Real Time Kinematic survey. Vertical profiles of conductivity, temperature, and depth were collected periodically. The conductivity, temperature, and depth profiles were used to spatially and temporally adjust the sound-speed calculations used to determine depth from the soundings. Approximately 108 kilometers of transects with a total of about 380,000 depth soundings were surveyed. In addition, approximately 2,100 topographic survey points in shallow, wadable areas near the Imong River Delta were defined by using a Global Navigation Satellite System receiver attached to a fixed-length survey rod. Depth soundings and topographic survey points were compiled and interpolated to generate a digital-elevation model of the reservoir. Data extracted from the digital-elevation model were then tabulated to determine total reservoir capacity and create reservoir stage–surface area and stage–storage capacity tables.
\nAnalyses of the bathymetric data indicate that the reservoir currently has 6,915 acre-feet of storage capacity. The engineering drawings of record show that the total reservoir capacity in 1951 was estimated to be 8,365 acre-feet. Thus, between 1951 and 2014, the total storage capacity decreased by 1,450 acre-feet (a loss of 17 percent of the original total storage capacity). The remaining live-storage capacity, or the volume of storage above the lowest-level reservoir outlet elevation, was calculated to be 5,511 acre-feet in 2014, indicating a decrease of 372 acre-feet (or 6 percent) of the original 5,883 acre-feet of live-storage capacity. The remaining dead-storage capacity, or volume of storage below the lowest-level outlet, was 1,404 acre-feet in 2014, indicating a decrease of 1,078 acre-feet (or 43 percent) of the original 2,482 acre-feet of dead-storage capacity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","usgsCitation":"Marineau, M.D., and Wright, S., 2015, Storage capacity of the Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam, Mariana Islands, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5128, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155128.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056696","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5128/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":310070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5128/sir20155128.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5128"}],"otherGeospatial":"Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam, Mariana Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.6954345703125,\n 13.338847687855717\n ],\n [\n 144.6954345703125,\n 13.365738086822018\n ],\n [\n 144.70796585083008,\n 13.365738086822018\n ],\n [\n 144.70796585083008,\n 13.338847687855717\n ],\n [\n 144.6954345703125,\n 13.338847687855717\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, CA 95829
http://ca.water.usgs.gov
During recent decades, natural resources agency personnel and others involved with the management and stewardship of wildlife have experienced an increasing need to access information and obtain technical assistance for addressing a diverse array of wildlife disease issues. This Chapter provides a broad overview of selected sources for obtaining supplemental information and technical assistance for addressing wildlife disease issues in North America. Specifically, examples of existing major wildlife disease programs focusing on free-ranging wildlife populations are highlighted; training opportunities for enhancing within-agency wildlife disease response are identified; a selected reading list of wildlife disease references is provided; and selected Web sites providing timely information on wildlife disease are highlighted. No attempt is made to detail all the North American programs and capabilities that address disease in free-ranging wildlife populations. Instead, this Chapter is focused on enhancing awareness of the types of capabilities that exist as potential sources for assistance and collaboration between wildlife conservation agency personnel and others in addressing wildlife disease issues.
\nA wide variety of entities across North America are involved in wildlife disease investigations; however, the formal assembly of multidimensional programs that primarily address disease for the benefit of free-ranging wildlife is rather limited. The Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (SCWDS), the National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC), and the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (CWHC) are selected examples. These programs are highlighted because of the scope of their capabilities and long-term involvement in assisting State and Federal natural resource agencies combat wildlife disease. A variety of other sources for possible assistance in addressing wildlife disease issues exists throughout North America and globally. It is prudent for wildlife conservation field biologists, managers, and administrators to be aware of such local resources. Ideally, awareness and knowledge of the types of assistance those programs can provide should be obtained prior to disease crisis events since appropriate, timely intervention often is required to minimize wildlife losses from disease and prevent the establishment of new infectious diseases within wildlife populations and geographic areas. Increasing recognition of the substantial number of infectious diseases being transferred between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans has led to increased collaborative investigations between wildlife, domestic, and human health programs. That collaboration has led to a heightened focus on wildlife disease within some public health and agriculture agencies. For purposes of this Chapter, wildlife disease is narrowly defined as those diseases (infectious and noninfectious) causing morbidity and mortality in free-ranging wildlife populations. Therefore, there is no focus on the numerous fish disease or environmental contaminant programs that exist on behalf of North American fauna.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section C: Techniques in disease surveillance and investigation in Book 15: Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm15C9","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 2015, Information resources, in Franson, J.C., Friend, M., Gibbs, S.E.J., and Wild, M.A., eds. Field manual of wildlife diseases: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, 15–C9, 23 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm15c9.","productDescription":"v, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066331","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310107,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/c09/tm15-c9.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":310108,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/c09/coverthb1.jpg"},{"id":310109,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/","text":"Techniques and Methods 15"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 9 of Section C: Techniques in disease surveillance and investigation in Book 15: Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Rd.
Madison, WI 53711–6223
http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/
Habitat fragmentation is a fundamental cause of population decline and increased risk of extinction for many wildlife species; animals with large home ranges and small population sizes are particularly sensitive. The Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) exists only in small, isolated subpopulations as a result of land clearing for agriculture, but the relative potential for inter-subpopulation movement by Louisiana black bears has not been quantified, nor have characteristics of effective travel routes between habitat fragments been identified. We placed and monitored global positioning system (GPS) radio collars on 8 female and 23 male bears located in 4 subpopulations in Louisiana, which included a reintroduced subpopulation located between 2 of the remnant subpopulations. We compared characteristics of sequential radiolocations of bears (i.e., steps) with steps that were possible but not chosen by the bears to develop step selection function models based on conditional logistic regression. The probability of a step being selected by a bear increased as the distance to natural land cover and agriculture at the end of the step decreased and as distance from roads at the end of a step increased. To characterize connectivity among subpopulations, we used the step selection models to create 4,000 hypothetical correlated random walks for each subpopulation representing potential dispersal events to estimate the proportion that intersected adjacent subpopulations (hereafter referred to as successful dispersals). Based on the models, movement paths for males intersected all adjacent subpopulations but paths for females intersected only the most proximate subpopulations. Cross-validation and genetic and independent observation data supported our findings. Our models also revealed that successful dispersals were facilitated by a reintroduced population located between 2 distant subpopulations. Successful dispersals for males were dependent on natural land cover in private ownership. The addition of hypothetical 1,000-m- or 3,000-m-wide corridors between the 4 study areas had minimal effects on connectivity among subpopulations. For females, our model suggested that habitat between subpopulations would probably have to be permanently occupied for demographic rescue to occur. Thus, the establishment of stepping-stone populations, such as the reintroduced population that we studied, may be a more effective conservation measure than long corridors without a population presence in between.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.955","collaboration":"Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; University of Tennessee; University of Maryland; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.D., Jared S. Laufenberg, Davidson, M., and Jennifer L. 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The myScience application contains data for 20 projects available for public participation representing all USGS mission areas. A visitor to the USGS education Web site (http://education.usgs.gov/) can click on the Citizen Science link to search for citizen science projects by topic or location, select a project of interest, and click “Get Involved.” Within the USGS, an internal version of myScience serves to build a community of practice and knowledge sharing among scientists who lead or would like to lead a crowdsourcing project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153070","usgsCitation":"Holl, Sally, 2015, myScience—Engaging the public in U.S. Geological Survey Science: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015–3070, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153070.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068920","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310002,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3070/fs20153070.pdf","text":"Report","size":"251 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3070"},{"id":310001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3070/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Texas Water Science Center
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Discharge, suspended sediment, and salinity data collected between 1997 and 2008 indicate that the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW) is an important distributary of river water and suspended sediments to coastal wetlands in south-central coastal Louisiana. Following natural hydraulic gradients, the GIWW passively distributes freshwater and suspended sediments from the Atchafalaya River to areas at least 30 to 50 miles west and east, respectively, of Morgan City. The magnitude and reach of the discharge in the GIWW increase as stage of the Wax Lake Outlet at Calumet and Lower Atchafalaya River (LAR) at Morgan City increase. The magnitude and duration of discharge vary from year to year depending on the flow regime of the Atchafalaya River. Annual discharge of water in the GIWW was greater during years when stage of the LAR remained anomalously high throughout the year, compared with average and peak flood years. During years when Atchafalaya River flow is low, Bayou Boeuf, a waterway draining the Verret subbasin, becomes a major source of water maintaining the eastward flow in the GIWW. The GIWW is the only means of getting river water to some parts of coastal Louisiana.
\nThe length of time stage of the LAR at Morgan City exceeds a given height has increased from the 1940s to 2008. This shift has increased the length of time the GIWW functions as a predictable distributary of river water each year. Similar shifts in the future could be expected to increase the duration and amounts of river water reaching coastal Louisiana wetlands through the GIWW.
\nMedian suspended-sediment concentrations in the GIWW to the west of Morgan City were around 160 milligrams per liter (mg/L). In the GIWW east of Morgan City, median concentrations were 120–160 mg/L, except in Bayou Boeuf at Railroad Bridge in Amelia and the parts of the GIWW between Bayou Boeuf and the Houma Navigation Canal; median concentrations here were around 100 mg/L.
\nRiver water penetrates much of the Louisiana coast, as demonstrated by the large year-to-year fluctuations in salinity regimes of intradistributary basins in response to differences in flow regimes of the Mississippi and the Atchafalaya Rivers. This occurs directly through inflow along the GIWW and through controlled diversions and indirectly by transport into basin interiors after mixing with the Gulf of Mexico. The GIWW plays an important role in moderating salinity in intradistributary basins; for example, salinity in surface waters just south of the GIWW between Bayou Boeuf and the Houma Navigation Canal remained low even during a year with prolonged low water (2000).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155132","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, C.M., and Perrien, S.M., 2015, Discharge, suspended sediment, and salinity in the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway and adjacent surface waters in south-central Louisiana, 1997–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5132, 21 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155132.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309802,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5132/sir20155132.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5132"},{"id":309801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5132/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Houma City, Morgan City","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River, Cypremort Point, Bayou Lafourche, Verret subbasin, Barataria Basin, Terrebonne Basin, Vermilion-Teche Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 30.65681556429287\n ],\n [\n -89.80224609374999,\n 30.65681556429287\n ],\n [\n -89.80224609374999,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 28.998531814051795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
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