Estuaries are dynamic environments at the land–sea interface that are strongly affected by interannual climate variability. Ocean–atmosphere processes propagate into estuaries from the sea, and atmospheric processes over land propagate into estuaries from watersheds. We examined the effects of these two separate climate-driven processes on pelagic and demersal fish community structure along the salinity gradient in the San Francisco Estuary, California, USA. A 33-year data set (1980–2012) on pelagic and demersal fishes spanning the freshwater to marine regions of the estuary suggested the existence of five estuarine salinity fish guilds: limnetic (salinity = 0–1), oligohaline (salinity = 1–12), mesohaline (salinity = 6–19), polyhaline (salinity = 19–28), and euhaline (salinity = 29–32). Climatic effects propagating from the adjacent Pacific Ocean, indexed by the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), affected demersal and pelagic fish community structure in the euhaline and polyhaline guilds. Climatic effects propagating over land, indexed as freshwater outflow from the watershed (OUT), affected demersal and pelagic fish community structure in the oligohaline, mesohaline, polyhaline, and euhaline guilds. The effects of OUT propagated further down the estuary salinity gradient than the effects of NPGO that propagated up the estuary salinity gradient, exemplifying the role of variable freshwater outflow as an important driver of biotic communities in river-dominated estuaries. These results illustrate how unique sources of climate variability interact to drive biotic communities and, therefore, that climate change is likely to be an important driver in shaping the future trajectory of biotic communities in estuaries and other transitional habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12969","usgsCitation":"Feyrer, F.V., Cloern, J.E., Brown, L.R., Fish, M., Hieb, K., and Baxter, R., 2015, Estuarine fish communities respond to climate variability over both river and ocean basins: Global Change Biology, v. 21, no. 10, p. 3608-3619, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12969.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3608","endPage":"3619","ipdsId":"IP-064895","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12969","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.54837036132811,\n 37.413800350662875\n ],\n [\n -122.54837036132811,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 37.413800350662875\n ],\n [\n -122.54837036132811,\n 37.413800350662875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d92338e4b090824ffa1a71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feyrer, Frederick V. 0000-0003-1253-2349 ffeyrer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-2349","contributorId":5901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feyrer","given":"Frederick","email":"ffeyrer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fish, Maxfield","contributorId":174608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fish","given":"Maxfield","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hieb, Kathryn","contributorId":174609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hieb","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baxter, Randall","contributorId":43284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baxter","given":"Randall","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70180992,"text":"70180992 - 2015 - Impact of wastewater infrastructure upgrades on the urban water cycle: Reduction in halogenated reaction byproducts following conversion from chlorine gas to ultraviolet light disinfection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T16:57:07","indexId":"70180992","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of wastewater infrastructure upgrades on the urban water cycle: Reduction in halogenated reaction byproducts following conversion from chlorine gas to ultraviolet light disinfection","docAbstract":"The municipal wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) infrastructure of the United States is being upgraded to expand capacity and improve treatment, which provides opportunities to assess the impact of full-scale operational changes on water quality. Many WWTFs disinfect their effluent prior to discharge using chlorine gas, which reacts with natural and synthetic organic matter to form halogenated disinfection byproducts (HDBPs). Because HDBPs are ubiquitous in chlorine-disinfected drinking water and have adverse human health implications, their concentrations are regulated in potable water supplies. Less is known about the formation and occurrence of HDBPs in disinfected WWTF effluents that are discharged to surface waters and become part of the de facto wastewater reuse cycle. This study investigated HDBPs in the urban water cycle from the stream source of the chlorinated municipal tap water that comprises the WWTF inflow, to the final WWTF effluent disinfection process before discharge back to the stream. The impact of conversion from chlorine-gas to low-pressure ultraviolet light (UV) disinfection at a full-scale (68,000 m3 d−1 design flow) WWTF on HDBP concentrations in the final effluent was assessed, as was transport and attenuation in the receiving stream. Nutrients and trace elements (boron, copper, and uranium) were used to characterize the different urban source waters, and indicated that the pre-upgrade and post-upgrade water chemistry was similar and insensitive to the disinfection process. Chlorinated tap water during the pre-upgrade and post-upgrade samplings contained 11 (mean total concentration = 2.7 μg L−1; n=5) and 10 HDBPs (mean total concentration = 4.5 μg L−1), respectively. Under chlorine-gas disinfection conditions 13 HDBPs (mean total concentration = 1.4 μg L−1) were detected in the WWTF effluent, whereas under UV disinfection conditions, only one HDBP was detected. The chlorinated WWTF effluent had greater relative proportions of nitrogenous, brominated, and iodinated HDBPs than the chlorinated tap water. Conversion of the WWTF to UV disinfection reduced the loading of HDBPs to the receiving stream by >90%.
Reconstructing the growth and decay of palaeo-ice sheets is critical to understanding mechanisms of global climate change and associated sea-level fluctuations in the past, present and future. The significance of palaeo-ice sheets is further underlined by the broad range of disciplines concerned with reconstructing their behaviour, many of which have undergone a rapid expansion since the 1980s. In particular, there has been a major increase in the size and qualitative diversity of empirical data used to reconstruct and date ice sheets, and major improvements in our ability to simulate their dynamics in numerical ice sheet models. These developments have made it increasingly necessary to forge interdisciplinary links between sub-disciplines and to link numerical modelling with observations and dating of proxy records. The aim of this paper is to evaluate recent developments in the methods used to reconstruct ice sheets and outline some key challenges that remain, with an emphasis on how future work might integrate terrestrial and marine evidence together with numerical modelling. Our focus is on pan-ice sheet reconstructions of the last deglaciation, but regional case studies are used to illustrate methodological achievements, challenges and opportunities. Whilst various disciplines have made important progress in our understanding of ice-sheet dynamics, it is clear that data-model integration remains under-used, and that uncertainties remain poorly quantified in both empirically-based and numerical ice-sheet reconstructions. The representation of past climate will continue to be the largest source of uncertainty for numerical modelling. As such, palaeo-observations are critical to constrain and validate modelling. State-of-the-art numerical models will continue to improve both in model resolution and in the breadth of inclusion of relevant processes, thereby enabling more accurate and more direct comparison with the increasing range of palaeo-observations. Thus, the capability is developing to use all relevant palaeo-records to more strongly constrain deglacial (and to a lesser extent pre-LGM) ice sheet evolution. In working towards that goal, the accurate representation of uncertainties is required for both constraint data and model outputs. Close cooperation between modelling and data-gathering communities is essential to ensure this capability is realised and continues to progress.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.07.016","usgsCitation":"Stokes, C.R., Tarasov, L., Blomdin, R., Cronin, T.M., Fisher, T.G., Gyllencreutz, R., Hattestrand, C., Heyman, J., Hindmarsh, R.C., Hughes, A.L., Jakobsson, M., Kirchner, N., Livingstone, S.J., Margold, M., Murton, J.B., Noormets, R., Peltier, W.R., Peteet, D.M., Piper, D.J., Preusser, F., Renssen, H., Roberts, D.H., Roche, D.M., Saint-Ange, F., Stroeven, A.P., and Teller, J.T., 2015, On the reconstruction of palaeo-ice sheets: Recent advances and future challenges: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 125, p. 15-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.07.016.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-066534","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/a75d46e2-1f29-499f-b305-fec5b88ae18b","text":"External Repository"},{"id":335192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a00057e4b099f50d3e0469","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stokes, Chris R.","contributorId":179153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stokes","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tarasov, Lev","contributorId":179154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tarasov","given":"Lev","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blomdin, Robin","contributorId":179155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blomdin","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Timothy G.","contributorId":179156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisher","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gyllencreutz, Richard","contributorId":179157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gyllencreutz","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hattestrand, Clas","contributorId":179158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hattestrand","given":"Clas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Heyman, Jakob","contributorId":179159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heyman","given":"Jakob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hindmarsh, Richard C. 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Projections of climate, urbanization, vegetation, and surface-depression storage capacity were used as inputs to the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System to simulate projected impacts on hydrologic response. Surface runoff substantially increased when land cover change was applied. However, once the surface depression storage was added to mitigate the land cover change and increases of surface runoff (due to urbanization), the groundwater flow component then increased. For hydrologic studies that include projections of land cover change (urbanization in particular), any analysis of runoff beyond the change in total runoff should include effects of stormwater management practices as these features affect flow timing and magnitude and may be useful in mitigating land cover change impacts on streamflow. Potential changes in water availability and how biota may respond to changes in flow regime in response to climate and land cover change may prove challenging for managers attempting to balance the needs of future development and the environment. However, these models are still useful for assessing the relative impacts of climate and land cover change and for evaluating tradeoffs when managing to mitigate different stressors.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12304","usgsCitation":"LaFontaine, J.H., Hay, L.E., Viger, R.J., Regan, R.S., and Markstrom, S.L., 2015, Effects of climate and land cover on hydrology in the southeastern U.S.: Potential impacts on watershed planning: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 51, no. 5, p. 1235-1261, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12304.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1235","endPage":"1261","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037448","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.869384765625,\n 29.878755346037977\n ],\n [\n -84.9847412109375,\n 29.673735421779128\n ],\n [\n -85.2044677734375,\n 29.73099249532227\n ],\n [\n -85.4241943359375,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -85.49011230468749,\n 30.552800413453546\n ],\n [\n -85.49560546875,\n 32.16166284018013\n ],\n [\n -85.27587890625,\n 33.5963189611327\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 34.17090836352573\n ],\n [\n -83.924560546875,\n 34.6241677899049\n ],\n [\n -83.64990234375,\n 34.89494244739732\n ],\n [\n -83.34228515625,\n 34.56990638085636\n ],\n [\n -83.583984375,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -84.375,\n 33.22030778968541\n ],\n [\n -83.73779296875,\n 31.96148355726853\n ],\n [\n -84.05639648437499,\n 30.911651004518244\n ],\n [\n -84.5068359375,\n 30.64736425824319\n ],\n [\n -84.869384765625,\n 29.878755346037977\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bc225fe4b03fd6b7de1790","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaFontaine, Jacob H. 0000-0003-4923-2630 jlafonta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-2630","contributorId":2258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaFontaine","given":"Jacob","email":"jlafonta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Viger, Roland J. 0000-0003-2520-714X rviger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-714X","contributorId":168799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland","email":"rviger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regan, R. Steve 0000-0003-4803-8596 rsregan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-8596","contributorId":2633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regan","given":"R.","email":"rsregan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Steve","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":146553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159006,"text":"70159006 - 2015 - Suburban watershed nitrogen retention: Estimating the effectiveness of stormwater management structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-13T12:26:01","indexId":"70159006","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3888,"text":"Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suburban watershed nitrogen retention: Estimating the effectiveness of stormwater management structures","docAbstract":"Excess nitrogen (N) is a primary driver of freshwater and coastal eutrophication globally, and urban stormwater is a rapidly growing source of N pollution. Stormwater best management practices (BMPs) are used widely to remove excess N from runoff in urban and suburban areas, and are expected to perform under a wide variety of environmental conditions. Yet the capacity of BMPs to retain excess N varies; and both the variation and the drivers thereof are largely unknown, hindering the ability of water resource managers to meet water quality targets in a cost-effective way. Here, we use structured expert judgment (SEJ), a performance-weighted method of expert elicitation, to quantify the uncertainty in BMP performance under a range of site-specific environmental conditions and to estimate the extent to which key environmental factors influence variation in BMP performance. We hypothesized that rain event frequency and magnitude, BMP type and size, and physiographic province would significantly influence the experts’ estimates of N retention by BMPs common to suburban Piedmont and Coastal Plain watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay region.
\nExpert knowledge indicated wide uncertainty in BMP performance, with N removal efficiencies ranging from <0% (BMP acting as a source of N during a rain event) to >40%. Experts believed that the amount of rain was the primary identifiable source of variability in BMP efficiency, which is relevant given climate projections of more frequent heavy rain events in the mid-Atlantic. To assess the extent to which those projected changes might alter N export from suburban BMPs and watersheds, we combined downscaled estimates of rainfall with distributions of N loads for different-sized rain events derived from our elicitation. The model predicted higher and more variable N loads under a projected future climate regime, suggesting that current BMP regulations for reducing nutrients may be inadequate in the future.
","language":"English","doi":"10.12952/journal.elementa.000063","usgsCitation":"Koch, B.J., Febria, C.M., Cooke, R.M., Hosen, J.D., Baker, M.E., Colson, A.R., Filoso, S., Hayhoe, K., Loperfido, J., Stoner, A.M., and Palmer, M.A., 2015, Suburban watershed nitrogen retention: Estimating the effectiveness of stormwater management structures: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 18 P., https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000063.","productDescription":"18 P.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064020","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000063","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":309839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.46734619140625,\n 38.86323626888358\n ],\n [\n -77.46734619140625,\n 39.342794408952386\n ],\n [\n -76.409912109375,\n 39.342794408952386\n ],\n [\n -76.409912109375,\n 38.86323626888358\n ],\n [\n -77.46734619140625,\n 38.86323626888358\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561e2b3ae4b0cdb063e59cf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, Benjamin J.","contributorId":149185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koch","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17663,"text":"Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Febria, Catherine M.","contributorId":149186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Febria","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17663,"text":"Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooke, Roger M.","contributorId":149187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17664,"text":"Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C., U.S.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hosen, Jacob D.","contributorId":149188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hosen","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17663,"text":"Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, Matthew E.","contributorId":149189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17665,"text":"Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, US","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Colson, Abigail R.","contributorId":149190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colson","given":"Abigail","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17666,"text":"Department of Management Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Filoso, Solange","contributorId":149191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filoso","given":"Solange","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17663,"text":"Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hayhoe, Katharine","contributorId":149192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayhoe","given":"Katharine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17667,"text":"Climate Science Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Loperfido, J. V. jloperfido@usgs.gov","contributorId":131139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loperfido","given":"J. V.","email":"jloperfido@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stoner, Anne M.K.","contributorId":149193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoner","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.K.","affiliations":[{"id":17668,"text":"Climate Science Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, US","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Palmer, Margaret A.","contributorId":149194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17669,"text":"Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, US","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70159392,"text":"70159392 - 2015 - Differentiating induced and natural seismicity using space-time-magnitude statistics applied to the Coso Geothermal field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T12:22:02","indexId":"70159392","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiating induced and natural seismicity using space-time-magnitude statistics applied to the Coso Geothermal field","docAbstract":"A remarkable characteristic of earthquakes is their clustering in time and space, displaying their self-similarity. It remains to be tested if natural and induced earthquakes share the same behavior. We study natural and induced earthquakes comparatively in the same tectonic setting at the Coso Geothermal Field. Covering the preproduction and coproduction periods from 1981 to 2013, we analyze interevent times, spatial dimension, and frequency-size distributions for natural and induced earthquakes. Individually, these distributions are statistically indistinguishable. Determining the distribution of nearest neighbor distances in a combined space-time-magnitude metric, lets us identify clear differences between both kinds of seismicity. Compared to natural earthquakes, induced earthquakes feature a larger population of background seismicity and nearest neighbors at large magnitude rescaled times and small magnitude rescaled distances. Local stress perturbations induced by field operations appear to be strong enough to drive local faults through several seismic cycles and reactivate them after time periods on the order of a year.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015GL064772","usgsCitation":"Schoenball, M., Davatzes, N.C., and Glen, J.M., 2015, Differentiating induced and natural seismicity using space-time-magnitude statistics applied to the Coso Geothermal field: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 15, p. 6221-6228, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064772.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6221","endPage":"6228","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065771","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064772","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coso Geothermal Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.938232421875,\n 35.90518079922711\n ],\n [\n -117.938232421875,\n 36.09627356744957\n ],\n [\n -117.76863098144531,\n 36.09627356744957\n ],\n [\n -117.76863098144531,\n 35.90518079922711\n ],\n [\n -117.938232421875,\n 35.90518079922711\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5630a031e4b093cee78203ed","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015gl064772","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064772","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Schoenball Martin, Davatzes Nicholas C., Glen Jonathan M. G.","journalName":"Geophysical Research Letters","publicationDate":"8/3/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenball, Martin mschoenball@usgs.gov","contributorId":5760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenball","given":"Martin","email":"mschoenball@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davatzes, Nicholas C.","contributorId":138855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davatzes","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12547,"text":"Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M. G. jglen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M. G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70158982,"text":"70158982 - 2015 - Geochemical legacies and the future health of cities: A tale of two neurotoxins in urban soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-13T12:33:30","indexId":"70158982","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3888,"text":"Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical legacies and the future health of cities: A tale of two neurotoxins in urban soils","docAbstract":"The past and future of cities are inextricably linked, a linkage that can be seen clearly in the long-term impacts of urban geochemical legacies. As loci of population as well as the means of employment and industry to support these populations, cities have a long history of co-locating contaminating practices and people, sometimes with negative implications for human health. Working at the intersection between environmental processes, communities, and human health is critical to grapple with environmental legacies and to support healthy, sustainable, and growing urban populations. An emerging area of environmental health research is to understand the impacts of chronic exposures and exposure mixtures—these impacts are poorly studied, yet may pose a significant threat to population health.
\nAcute exposure to lead (Pb), a powerful neurotoxin to which children are particularly susceptible, has largely been eliminated in the U.S. and other countries through policy-based restrictions on leaded gasoline and lead-based paints. But the legacy of these sources remains in the form of surface soil Pb contamination, a common problem in cities and one that has only recently emerged as a widespread chronic exposure mechanism in cities. Some urban soils are also contaminated with another neurotoxin, mercury (Hg). The greatest human exposure to Hg is through fish consumption, so eating fish caught in urban areas presents risks for toxic Hg exposure. The potential double impact of chronic exposure to these two neurotoxins is pronounced in cities. Overall, there is a paradigmatic shift from reaction to and remediation of acute exposures towards a more nuanced understanding of the dynamic cycling of persistent environmental contaminants with resultant widespread and chronic exposure of inner-city dwellers, leading to chronic toxic illness and disability at substantial human and social cost.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elementa","doi":"10.12952/journal.elementa.000059","usgsCitation":"Fillipelli, G.M., Risch, M.R., Laidlaw, M.A., Nichols, D.E., and Crewe, J., 2015, Geochemical legacies and the future health of cities: A tale of two neurotoxins in urban soils: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000059.","productDescription":"19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066161","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000059","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":309840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Indianapolis","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.38137817382812,\n 39.590873865955906\n ],\n [\n -86.38137817382812,\n 40.00026797264677\n ],\n [\n -85.89248657226562,\n 40.00026797264677\n ],\n [\n -85.89248657226562,\n 39.590873865955906\n ],\n [\n -86.38137817382812,\n 39.590873865955906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561e2b34e4b0cdb063e59ccc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fillipelli, Gabriel M.","contributorId":149162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fillipelli","given":"Gabriel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17660,"text":"IUPUI (Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risch, Martin R. 0000-0002-7908-7887 mrrisch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-7887","contributorId":2118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risch","given":"Martin","email":"mrrisch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laidlaw, Mark A. S.","contributorId":149163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laidlaw","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A. S.","affiliations":[{"id":17661,"text":"Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, Deborah E.","contributorId":149164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17660,"text":"IUPUI (Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crewe, Julie","contributorId":149165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crewe","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17660,"text":"IUPUI (Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159412,"text":"70159412 - 2015 - Riders on the storm: selective tidal movements facilitate the spawning migration of threatened delta smelt in the San Francisco Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T14:06:34","indexId":"70159412","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riders on the storm: selective tidal movements facilitate the spawning migration of threatened delta smelt in the San Francisco Estuary","docAbstract":"Migration strategies in estuarine fishes typically include behavioral adaptations for reducing energetic costs and mortality during travel to optimize reproductive success. The influence of tidal currents and water turbidity on individual movement behavior were investigated during the spawning migration of the threatened delta smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus, in the northern San Francisco Estuary, California, USA. Water current velocities and turbidity levels were measured concurrently with delta smelt occurrence at sites in the lower Sacramento River and San Joaquin River as turbidity increased due to first-flush winter rainstorms in January and December 2010. The presence/absence of fish at the shoal-channel interface and near the shoreline was quantified hourly over complete tidal cycles. Delta smelt were caught consistently at the shoal-channel interface during flood tides and near the shoreline during ebb tides in the turbid Sacramento River, but were rare in the clearer San Joaquin River. The apparent selective tidal movements by delta smelt would facilitate either maintaining position or moving upriver on flood tides, and minimizing advection down-estuary on ebb tides. These movements also may reflect responses to lateral gradients in water turbidity created by temporal lags in tidal velocities between the near-shore and mid-channel habitats. This migration strategy can minimize the energy spent swimming against strong river and tidal currents, as well as predation risks by remaining in turbid water. Selection pressure on individuals to remain in turbid water may underlie population-level observations suggesting that turbidity is a key habitat feature and cue initiating the delta smelt spawning migration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-014-9877-3","usgsCitation":"Bennett, W., and Burau, J.R., 2015, Riders on the storm: selective tidal movements facilitate the spawning migration of threatened delta smelt in the San Francisco Estuary: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 38, no. 3, p. 826-835, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-014-9877-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"826","endPage":"835","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-27","temporalEnd":"2011-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-036419","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-014-9877-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.76216125488281,\n 38.02808135979607\n ],\n [\n -121.76216125488281,\n 38.1399572748485\n ],\n [\n -121.64474487304686,\n 38.1399572748485\n ],\n [\n -121.64474487304686,\n 38.02808135979607\n ],\n [\n -121.76216125488281,\n 38.02808135979607\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5630a042e4b093cee7820420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, W.A.","contributorId":100572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159384,"text":"70159384 - 2015 - Localization and seasonal variation of blue pigment (sandercyanin) in walleye (Sander vitreus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T15:38:10.951368","indexId":"70159384","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Localization and seasonal variation of blue pigment (sandercyanin) in walleye (Sander vitreus)","title":"Localization and seasonal variation of blue pigment (sandercyanin) in walleye (Sander vitreus)","docAbstract":"Several fish species, including the walleye (Sander vitreus), have “yellow” and “blue” color morphs. In S. vitreus, one source of the blue color has been identified as a bili-binding protein pigment (sandercyanin), found in surface mucus of the fish. Little is known about the production of the pigment or about its functions. We examined the anatomical localization and seasonal variation of sandercyanin in S. vitreus from a population in McKim Lake, northwestern Ontario, Canada. Skin sections were collected from 20 fish and examined histologically. Mucus was collected from 306 fish over 6 years, and the amount of sandercyanin was quantified spectrophotometrically. Sandercyanin was found solely on dorsal surfaces of the fish and was localized to novel cells in the epidermis, similar in appearance to secretory sacciform cells. Sandercyanin concentrations were significantly higher in fish collected in summer versus other seasons. Yellow and blue morphs did not differ in amounts of sandercyanin, suggesting that the observed blue color, in fact, arises from lack of yellow pigmentation in blue morphs. The function of the sandercyanin remains unclear, but roles in photoprotection and countershading are consistent with available data.
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We analyzed long-term records of climate, land use and land cover, and re-constructed the water budget based on precipitation, groundwater levels, and water use from 1950 through 2010 in the Cimarron–Skeleton watershed and a portion of the Cimarron–Eagle Chief watershed in Oklahoma, an irrigation-intensive agricultural watershed in the Southern Great Plains, USA. Our results show that intensive irrigation through alluvial aquifer withdrawal modifies climatic feedback and alters streamflow response to precipitation. Increase in consumptive water use was associated with decreases in annual streamflow, while returning croplands to non-irrigated grasslands was associated with increases in streamflow. Along with groundwater withdrawal, anthropogenic-induced factors and activities contributed nearly half to the observed variability of annual streamflow. Streamflow was more responsive to precipitation during the period of intensive irrigation between 1965 and 1984 than the period of relatively lower water use between 1985 and 2010. The Cimarron River is transitioning from a historically flashy river to one that is more stable with a lower frequency of both high and low flow pulses, a higher baseflow, and an increased median flow due in part to the return of cropland to grassland. These results demonstrated the interrelationship among climate, land use, groundwater withdrawal and streamflow regime and the potential to design agricultural production systems and adjust irrigation to mitigate impact of increasing climate variability on streamflow in irrigation intensive agricultural watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2015.07.007","usgsCitation":"Dale, J., Zou, C., Andrews, W.J., Long, J.M., Liang, Y., and Qiao, L., 2015, Climate, water use, and land surface transformation in an irrigation intensive watershed - streamflow responses from 1950 through 2010: Agricultural Water Management, v. 160, p. 144-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.07.007.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"152","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062619","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.5311279296875,\n 35.98689628443789\n ],\n [\n -97.701416015625,\n 35.58138418324621\n ],\n [\n -97.811279296875,\n 35.49198366469642\n ],\n [\n -98.7506103515625,\n 35.88459964717596\n ],\n [\n -99.4647216796875,\n 36.213255233061844\n ],\n [\n -99.5526123046875,\n 36.461054075054314\n ],\n [\n -99.11865234374999,\n 36.59347887826919\n ],\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 36.4477991295848\n ],\n [\n -97.525634765625,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -97.52014160156249,\n 36.02244668175846\n ],\n [\n -97.5311279296875,\n 35.98689628443789\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"160","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f031e4b04f417c24da38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dale, Joseph","contributorId":171495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dale","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zou, Chris B.","contributorId":31657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zou","given":"Chris B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liang, Ye","contributorId":171496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liang","given":"Ye","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Qiao, Lei","contributorId":171497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qiao","given":"Lei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70186172,"text":"70186172 - 2015 - Mineral Resource of the Month: Iodine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T10:33:16","indexId":"70186172","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral Resource of the Month: Iodine","docAbstract":"Iodine is a bluish-black lustrous solid (violet-colored in its gaseous state) found primarily in seaweed, underground brines associated with petroleum deposits and caliche ore deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Schnebele, E., 2015, Mineral Resource of the Month: Iodine: Earth, v. October 2015, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-067116","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338936,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338836,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/mineral-resource-month-iodine"}],"volume":"October 2015","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac2e4b02ff32c6aea45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schnebele, Emily eschnebele@usgs.gov","contributorId":190190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnebele","given":"Emily","email":"eschnebele@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184225,"text":"70184225 - 2015 - Landsat-8: Status and on-orbit performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:19:11","indexId":"70184225","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landsat-8: Status and on-orbit performance","docAbstract":"Landsat 8 and its two Earth imaging sensors, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) have been operating on-orbit for 2 ½ years. Landsat 8 has been acquiring substantially more images than initially planned, typically around 700 scenes per day versus a 400 scenes per day requirement, acquiring nearly all land scenes. Both the TIRS and OLI instruments are exceeding their SNR requirements by at least a factor of 2 and are very stable, degrading by at most 1% in responsivity over the mission to date. Both instruments have 100% operable detectors covering their cross track field of view using the redundant detectors as necessary. The geometric performance is excellent, meeting or exceeding all performance requirements. One anomaly occurred with the TIRS Scene Select Mirror (SSM) encoder that affected its operation, though by switching to the side B electronics, this was fully recovered. The one challenge is with the TIRS stray light, which affects the flat fielding and absolute calibration of the TIRS data. The error introduced is smaller in TIRS band 10. Band 11 should not currently be used in science applications.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proc. SPIE 9639, Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIX","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIX","conferenceDate":"September 21, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Toulouse, France","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.2194905","usgsCitation":"Markham, B.L., Barsi, J.A., Morfitt, R., Choate, M., Montanaro, M., Arvidson, T., and Irons, J.R., 2015, Landsat-8: Status and on-orbit performance, in Proc. SPIE 9639, Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIX, v. 9639, Toulouse, France, September 21, 2015, 963908, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2194905.","productDescription":"963908","ipdsId":"IP-068625","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9639","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41ce4b0849ce97dc754","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markham, Brian L. 0000-0002-9612-8169","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9612-8169","contributorId":121488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barsi, Julia A.","contributorId":71822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barsi","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12721,"text":"NASA GSFC SSAI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morfitt, Ron 0000-0002-4777-4877 rmorfitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-4877","contributorId":4097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morfitt","given":"Ron","email":"rmorfitt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choate, Mike 0000-0002-8101-4994 choate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-4994","contributorId":4618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"Mike","email":"choate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Montanaro, Matthew","contributorId":147004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montanaro","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arvidson, Terry","contributorId":97801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Irons, James R.","contributorId":59284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irons","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70187281,"text":"70187281 - 2015 - Environmental predictors of shrubby cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruticosa) habitat and quality as host for Maine’s endangered Clayton’s copper butterfly (Lycaena dorcas claytoni)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-28T10:41:45","indexId":"70187281","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental predictors of shrubby cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruticosa) habitat and quality as host for Maine’s endangered Clayton’s copper butterfly (Lycaena dorcas claytoni)","docAbstract":"Population size of habitat-specialized butterflies is limited in part by host plant distribution and abundance. Effective conservation for host-specialist species requires knowledge of host-plant habitat conditions and relationships with the specialist species. Clayton’s copper butterfly (Lycaena dorcas claytoni) is a Maine state-endangered species that relies exclusively on shrubby cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruticosa) as its host. Dasiphora fruticosa occurs in 28 wetlands in Maine, ten of which are occupied by L. d. claytoni. Little is known about environmental conditions that support large, persistent stands of D. fruticosa in Maine. We evaluated the environment (hydrology, pore water and peat nutrients) associated with D. fruticosa distribution, age, and condition in Maine wetlands supporting robust stands of D. fruticosa to compare with L. d. claytoni occurrence. Although dominant water source in D. fruticosa—containing wetlands included both groundwater discharge and surface-flow, D. fruticosa coverage was greater in wetlands with consistent growing season water levels that dropped into or below the root zone by late season, and its distributions within wetlands reflected pore water hydrogen ion and conductivity gradients. Flooding magnitude and duration were greatest during the L.d. claytoni larval feeding period, whereas, mean depth to water table and upwelling increased and were most variable following the L. d. claytoni egg-laying period that precedes D. fruticosa senescence. Oldest sampled shrubs were 37 years, and older shrubs were larger and slower-growing. Encounter rates of L. d. claytoni were greater in wetlands with larger D. fruticosa plants of intermediate age and greater bloom density. Wetland management that combines conditions associated with D. fruticosa abundance (e.g., non-forested, seasonally consistent water levels with high conductivity) and L. d. claytoni occurrence (e.g., drawdown below the root zone following egg-laying, abundant blooms on intermediate-aged D. fruticosa, nearby D. fruticosa-containing wetlands) will aid L. d. claytoni conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11273-015-9427-1","usgsCitation":"Drahovzal, S.A., Loftin, C., and Rhymer, J., 2015, Environmental predictors of shrubby cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruticosa) habitat and quality as host for Maine’s endangered Clayton’s copper butterfly (Lycaena dorcas claytoni): Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 23, no. 5, p. 891-908, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-015-9427-1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"891","endPage":"908","ipdsId":"IP-055556","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590454a6e4b022cee40dc24a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drahovzal, Sarah A.","contributorId":191555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drahovzal","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Cynthia S. 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":2167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cynthia S.","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":693212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhymer, Judith","contributorId":63507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhymer","given":"Judith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182767,"text":"70182767 - 2015 - Determination of 1-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene and related compounds in marine pore water by automated thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using disposable optical fiber","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-01T14:30:16","indexId":"70182767","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2214,"text":"Journal of Chromatography A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of 1-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene and related compounds in marine pore water by automated thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using disposable optical fiber","docAbstract":"A method is described for determination of ten DDT-related compounds in marine pore water based on equilibrium solid-phase microextraction (SPME) using commercial polydimethylsiloxane-coated optical fiber with analysis by automated thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). Thermally cleaned fiber was directly exposed to sediments and allowed to reach equilibrium under static conditions at the in situ field temperature. Following removal, fibers were rinsed, dried and cut into appropriate lengths for storage in leak-tight containers at -20°C. Analysis by TD-GC/MS under full scan (FS) and selected ion monitoring (SIM) modes was then performed. Pore-water method detection limits in FS and SIM modes were estimated at 0.05-2.4ng/L and 0.7-16pg/L, respectively. Precision of the method, including contributions from fiber handling, was less than 10%. Analysis of independently prepared solutions containing eight DDT compounds yielded concentrations that were within 6.9±5.5% and 0.1±14% of the actual concentrations in FS and SIM modes, respectively. The use of optical fiber with automated analysis allows for studies at high temporal and/or spatial resolution as well as for monitoring programs over large spatial and/or long temporal scales with adequate sample replication. This greatly enhances the flexibility of the technique and improves the ability to meet quality control objectives at significantly lower cost.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.060","usgsCitation":"Eganhouse, R., and DiFilippo, E., 2015, Determination of 1-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene and related compounds in marine pore water by automated thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using disposable optical fiber: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1415, p. 38-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.060.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"38","endPage":"47","ipdsId":"IP-068336","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.060","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336335,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967315012418"}],"volume":"1415","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba9e4b01ccd5500bb25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. eganhous@usgs.gov","contributorId":2031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert P.","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DiFilippo, Erica L","contributorId":184156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DiFilippo","given":"Erica L","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171526,"text":"70171526 - 2015 - Understanding natural capital","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-09T16:10:54.414424","indexId":"70171526","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Understanding natural capital","docAbstract":"This chapter serves to introduce the geophysics of Neotropical steeplands. Topics are covered in a general manner with hyperlinks to active research and monitoring sites (such as the National Hurricane Center and US Geological Survey publication). Topics covered include ‘tropical climate and weather,’ ‘climate variations and trends,’ Neotropical ‘geology, and soils,’ ‘hillslopes and erosion,’ ‘lakes and reservoirs,’ and ‘effects of land cover on water quality and quantity.’ Obviously, this is a lot of information to cover in a short chapter, hence the use of hyperlinks. The last theme ‘effects of land cover on water quality and quantity’ is covered by case studies, in all of which I have been centrally involved. These studies were chosen because they are among the few studies with sufficient data of high enough quality to reach definitive conclusions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Managing watersheds for ecosystem services in the steepland neotropics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-American Development Bank","usgsCitation":"Stallard, R.F., 2015, Understanding natural capital, chap. of Managing watersheds for ecosystem services in the steepland neotropics, p. 17-47.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065661","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cfe8c0e4b04836416a0e58","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hall, Jefferson S.","contributorId":169939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Jefferson","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25632,"text":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640029,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirn, Vanessa","contributorId":169940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirn","given":"Vanessa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25632,"text":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640030,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yanguas-Fernandez, Estrella","contributorId":172253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yanguas-Fernandez","given":"Estrella","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640031,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187288,"text":"70187288 - 2015 - Dynamics of a recovering Arctic bird population: the importance of climate, density dependence, and site quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T17:03:56","indexId":"70187288","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of a recovering Arctic bird population: the importance of climate, density dependence, and site quality","docAbstract":"Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect vital rates and population-level processes, and understanding these factors is paramount to devising successful management plans for wildlife species. For example, birds time migration in response, in part, to local and broadscale climate fluctuations to initiate breeding upon arrival to nesting territories, and prolonged inclement weather early in the breeding season can inhibit egg-laying and reduce productivity. Also, density-dependent regulation occurs in raptor populations, as territory size is related to resource availability. Arctic Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus tundrius; hereafter Arctic peregrine) have a limited and northern breeding distribution, including the Colville River Special Area (CRSA) in the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska, USA. We quantified influences of climate, topography, nest productivity, prey habitat, density dependence, and interspecific competition affecting Arctic peregrines in the CRSA by applying the Dail-Madsen model to estimate abundance and vital rates of adults on nesting cliffs from 1981 through 2002. Arctic peregrine abundance increased throughout the 1980s, which spanned the population's recovery from DDT-induced reproductive failure, until exhibiting a stationary trend in the 1990s. Apparent survival rate (i.e., emigration; death) was negatively correlated with the number of adult Arctic peregrines on the cliff the previous year, suggesting effects of density-dependent population regulation. Apparent survival and arrival rates (i.e., immigration; recruitment) were higher during years with earlier snowmelt and milder winters, and apparent survival was positively correlated with nesting season maximum daily temperature. Arrival rate was positively correlated with average Arctic peregrine productivity along a cliff segment from the previous year and initial abundance was positively correlated with cliff height. Higher cliffs with documented higher productivity (presumably indicative of higher-quality habitat), are a priority for continued protection from potential nearby development and disturbance to minimize population-level impacts. Climate change may affect Arctic peregrines in multiple ways, including through access to more snow-free nest sites and a lengthened breeding season that may increase likelihood of nest success. Our work provides insight into factors affecting a population during and after recovery, and demonstrates how the Dail-Madsen model can be used for any unmarked population with multiple years of abundance data collected through repeated surveys.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/14-1591.1","usgsCitation":"Bruggeman, J.E., Swem, T., Andersen, D., Kennedy, P.L., and Nigro, D.A., 2015, Dynamics of a recovering Arctic bird population: the importance of climate, density dependence, and site quality: Ecological Applications, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1932-1943, https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1591.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1932","endPage":"1943","ipdsId":"IP-055304","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.5107421875,\n 68.73638345287264\n ],\n [\n -149.94140625,\n 68.73638345287264\n ],\n [\n -149.94140625,\n 70.56149224990756\n ],\n [\n -158.5107421875,\n 70.56149224990756\n ],\n [\n -158.5107421875,\n 68.73638345287264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030327e4b0e862d230f735","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruggeman, Jason E.","contributorId":18983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruggeman","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swem, Ted","contributorId":64463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swem","given":"Ted","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, Patricia L.","contributorId":172826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nigro, Debora A.","contributorId":10628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nigro","given":"Debora","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12934,"text":"Bureau of Land Management, Arctic Field Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194287,"text":"70194287 - 2015 - Reconstructing turbidity in a glacially influenced lake using the Landsat TM and ETM+ surface reflectance climate data record archive, Lake Clark, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:37:41","indexId":"70194287","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing turbidity in a glacially influenced lake using the Landsat TM and ETM+ surface reflectance climate data record archive, Lake Clark, Alaska","docAbstract":"Lake Clark is an important nursery lake for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the headwaters of Bristol Bay, Alaska, the most productive wild salmon fishery in the world. Reductions in water clarity within Alaska lake systems as a result of increased glacial runoff have been shown to reduce salmon production via reduced abundance of zooplankton and macroinvertebrates. In this study, we reconstruct long-term, lake-wide water clarity for Lake Clark using the Landsat TM and ETM+ surface reflectance products (1985–2014) and in situwater clarity data collected between 2009 and 2013. Analysis of a Landsat scene acquired in 2009, coincident with in situ measurements in the lake, and uncertainty analysis with four scenes acquired within two weeks of field data collection showed that Band 3 surface reflectance was the best indicator of turbidity (r2 = 0.55,RMSE << 0.01). We then processed 151 (98 partial- and 53 whole-lake) Landsat scenes using this relation and detected no significant long-term trend in mean turbidity for Lake Clark between 1991 and 2014. We did, however, detect interannual variation that exhibited a non-significant (r2 = 0.20) but positive correlation (r = 0.20) with regional mean summer air temperature and found the month of May exhibited a significant positive trend (r2 = 0.68, p = 0.02) in turbidity between 2000 and 2014. This study demonstrates the utility of hindcasting turbidity in a glacially influenced lake using the Landsat surface reflectance products. It may also help land and resource managers reconstruct turbidity records for lakes that lack in situ monitoring, and may be useful in predicting future water clarity conditions based on projected climate scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs71013692","usgsCitation":"Baughman, C., Jones, B.M., Bartz, K.K., Young, D.B., and Zimmerman, C.E., 2015, Reconstructing turbidity in a glacially influenced lake using the Landsat TM and ETM+ surface reflectance climate data record archive, Lake Clark, Alaska: Remote Sensing, v. 7, no. 10, p. 13692-13710, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71013692.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"13692","endPage":"13710","ipdsId":"IP-066580","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71013692","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lake Clark","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.84954833984375,\n 60.0113438097352\n ],\n [\n -153.57513427734375,\n 60.0113438097352\n ],\n [\n -153.57513427734375,\n 60.45992621736877\n ],\n [\n -154.84954833984375,\n 60.45992621736877\n ],\n [\n -154.84954833984375,\n 60.0113438097352\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe67e4b06e28e9c252f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baughman, Carson 0000-0002-9423-9324 cbaughman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9423-9324","contributorId":169657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baughman","given":"Carson","email":"cbaughman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartz, Krista K.","contributorId":200705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartz","given":"Krista","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, Daniel","contributorId":58468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":35763,"text":"National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70169289,"text":"70169289 - 2015 - Estimating demographic parameters using a combination of known-fate and open N-mixture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-24T09:05:51","indexId":"70169289","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating demographic parameters using a combination of known-fate and open N-mixture models","docAbstract":"Accurate estimates of demographic parameters are required to infer appropriate ecological relationships and inform management actions. Known-fate data from marked individuals are commonly used to estimate survival rates, whereas N-mixture models use count data from unmarked individuals to estimate multiple demographic parameters. However, a joint approach combining the strengths of both analytical tools has not been developed. Here we develop an integrated model combining known-fate and open N-mixture models, allowing the estimation of detection probability, recruitment, and the joint estimation of survival. We demonstrate our approach through both simulations and an applied example using four years of known-fate and pack count data for wolves (Canis lupus). Simulation results indicated that the integrated model reliably recovered parameters with no evidence of bias, and survival estimates were more precise under the joint model. Results from the applied example indicated that the marked sample of wolves was biased toward individuals with higher apparent survival rates than the unmarked pack mates, suggesting that joint estimates may be more representative of the overall population. Our integrated model is a practical approach for reducing bias while increasing precision and the amount of information gained from mark–resight data sets. We provide implementations in both the BUGS language and an R package.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/15-0385.1","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, J., Johnson, D.S., Lindberg, M.S., and Adams, L., 2015, Estimating demographic parameters using a combination of known-fate and open N-mixture models: Ecology, v. 96, no. 10, p. 2583-2589, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0385.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2583","endPage":"2589","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063639","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0385.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":319338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.0283203125,\n 67.23806155909902\n ],\n [\n -154.0283203125,\n 68.2042121888185\n ],\n [\n -152.0068359375,\n 68.2042121888185\n ],\n [\n -152.0068359375,\n 67.23806155909902\n ],\n [\n -154.0283203125,\n 67.23806155909902\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fc6e4b0f59b85e1eb47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Joshua H.","contributorId":167772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Joshua H.","affiliations":[{"id":24828,"text":"Central Alaska Network, National Park Service, Fairbanks, Alaska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Devin S.","contributorId":167773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Devin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":24829,"text":"National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":167774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":24830,"text":"Department of Wildlife and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188043,"text":"70188043 - 2015 - Characterization of shrubland ecosystem components as continuous fields in the northwest United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T13:04:23","indexId":"70188043","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of shrubland ecosystem components as continuous fields in the northwest United States","docAbstract":"Accurate and consistent estimates of shrubland ecosystem components are crucial to a better understanding of ecosystem conditions in arid and semiarid lands. An innovative approach was developed by integrating multiple sources of information to quantify shrubland components as continuous field products within the National Land Cover Database (NLCD). The approach consists of several procedures including field sample collections, high-resolution mapping of shrubland components using WorldView-2 imagery and regression tree models, Landsat 8 radiometric balancing and phenological mosaicking, medium resolution estimates of shrubland components following different climate zones using Landsat 8 phenological mosaics and regression tree models, and product validation. Fractional covers of nine shrubland components were estimated: annual herbaceous, bare ground, big sagebrush, herbaceous, litter, sagebrush, shrub, sagebrush height, and shrub height. Our study area included the footprint of six Landsat 8 scenes in the northwestern United States. Results show that most components have relatively significant correlations with validation data, have small normalized root mean square errors, and correspond well with expected ecological gradients. While some uncertainties remain with height estimates, the model formulated in this study provides a cross-validated, unbiased, and cost effective approach to quantify shrubland components at a regional scale and advances knowledge of horizontal and vertical variability of these components.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.014","usgsCitation":"Xian, G.Z., Homer, C.G., Rigge, M.B., Shi, H., and Meyer, D., 2015, Characterization of shrubland ecosystem components as continuous fields in the northwest United States: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 168, p. 286-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.014.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"286","endPage":"300","ipdsId":"IP-061128","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"168","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84bbe4b092b266f10d3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, George Z. 0000-0001-5674-2204 xian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":2263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","email":"xian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rigge, Matthew B. 0000-0003-4471-8009 mrigge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-8009","contributorId":751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigge","given":"Matthew","email":"mrigge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shi, Hua 0000-0001-7013-1565 hshi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-1565","contributorId":646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"Hua","email":"hshi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Debbie 0000-0002-8841-697X debbie.meyer.ctr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8841-697X","contributorId":192028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Debbie","email":"debbie.meyer.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70191258,"text":"70191258 - 2015 - Soil geochemical survey of abandoned mining sites in the Eastern-Central Peloritani Mountains, Sicily, Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-02T13:39:20","indexId":"70191258","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil geochemical survey of abandoned mining sites in the Eastern-Central Peloritani Mountains, Sicily, Italy","docAbstract":"This investigation focused on topsoils (n = 122) and vertical profiles (n = 6) distributed over an area of 250 km2 in the eastern-central Peloritani Mountains, northeastern Sicily. Georeferenced concentration of 53 elements (including potentially harmful ones), determined by ICP-MS after an aqua regia leach, were used to produce geochemical maps by means of a GIS-aided spatial interpolation process. Results show that there are two distinct areas: the larger, located between the Fiumendinisi, Budali and Ali villages, and the other between C. Postlioni and Femmina Morta, which contain anomalous As (up to 727 mg/kg), Sb (up to 60 mg/kg), Ag (up to 1 mg/kg) and Au (up to 0.1 mg/kg) concentrations. Most of the investigated areas have high contamination levels for As, Zn, Sb, and Pb that exceed the threshold values (As = 20 mg/kg, Zn = 150 mg/kg, Sb = 10 mg/kg and Pb = 100 mg/kg) established for soils by the Italian Environmental Law (Decreto Legislativo 2006, number 152).
The isotopic ratios of 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb have been measured in selected soils on both leaches [using 1M HNO3–1.75M HCl (50:50)] and residues thereof. Soil leach reflects possible anthropogenic contamination, whereas soil residues indicate geogenic contributions. Results suggest that most of contamination in the soils is related to the presence of sulphide and sulphosalt rock-forming minerals in the surveyed area. The soil fraction contains a Pb value >1600 mg/kg and has ratios of 1.1695 for 206Pb/207Pb and 2.4606 for 208Pb/207Pb. Only one soil leach isotopic composition could reflect possible anthropogenic contamination. The correlation among As, Zn, Pb contents v. Pb isotopic signatures of 206Pb/207Pb indicates that surface and deep soils collected from profiles are dominated by geogenic compositions.
","language":"English","publisher":" Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/geochem2014-307","usgsCitation":"Consenza, A., Lima, A., Ayuso, R.A., Foley, N.K., Albanese, S., Messina, A., and De Vivo, B., 2015, Soil geochemical survey of abandoned mining sites in the Eastern-Central Peloritani Mountains, Sicily, Italy: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 15, no. 4, p. 361-372, https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2014-307.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"372","ipdsId":"IP-066364","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Peloritani Mountains, Sicily","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 15.200958251953125,\n 38.001303066958606\n ],\n [\n 15.481109619140625,\n 38.001303066958606\n ],\n [\n 15.481109619140625,\n 38.11132902233447\n ],\n [\n 15.200958251953125,\n 38.11132902233447\n ],\n [\n 15.200958251953125,\n 38.001303066958606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d35029e4b05fe04cc34d68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Consenza, A.","contributorId":196819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Consenza","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lima, A.","contributorId":196820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lima","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Albanese, S.","contributorId":196821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albanese","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Messina, A.","contributorId":196822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Messina","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"De Vivo, B.","contributorId":196823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70173778,"text":"70173778 - 2015 - Effects of climate change on long-term population growth of pronghorn in an arid environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T14:37:09","indexId":"70173778","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climate change on long-term population growth of pronghorn in an arid environment","docAbstract":"Climate often drives ungulate population dynamics, and as climates change, some areas may become unsuitable for species persistence. Unraveling the relationships between climate and population dynamics, and projecting them across time, advances ecological understanding that informs and steers sustainable conservation for species. Using pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) as an ecological model, we used a Bayesian approach to analyze long-term population, precipitation, and temperature data from 18 populations in the southwestern United States. We determined which long-term (12 and 24 months) or short-term (gestation trimester and lactation period) climatic conditions best predicted annual rate of population growth (λ). We used these predictions to project population trends through 2090. Projections incorporated downscaled climatic data matched to pronghorn range for each population, given a high and a lower atmospheric CO2 concentration scenario. Since the 1990s, 15 of the pronghorn populations declined in abundance. Sixteen populations demonstrated a significant relationship between precipitation and λ, and in 13 of these, temperature was also significant. Precipitation predictors of λ were highly seasonal, with lactation being the most important period, followed by early and late gestation. The influence of temperature on λ was less seasonal than precipitation, and lacked a clear temporal pattern. The climatic projections indicated that all of these pronghorn populations would experience increased temperatures, while the direction and magnitude of precipitation had high population-specific variation. Models predicted that nine populations would be extirpated or approaching extirpation by 2090. Results were consistent across both atmospheric CO2 concentration scenarios, indicating robustness of trends irrespective of climatic severity. In the southwestern United States, the climate underpinning pronghorn populations is shifting, making conditions increasingly inhospitable to pronghorn persistence. This realization informs and steers conservation and management decisions for pronghorn in North America, while exemplifying how similar research can aid ungulates inhabiting arid regions and confronting similar circumstances elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/ES15-00266.1","usgsCitation":"Gedir, J.V., Cain, J.W., Harris, G., and Turnbull, T.T., 2015, Effects of climate change on long-term population growth of pronghorn in an arid environment: Ecosphere, v. 6, no. 10, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES15-00266.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065177","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es15-00266.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76972HS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Impact of Drought on Southwestern Pronghorn Population Trends and Predicted Trajectories in the Southwest in the Face of Climate Change"},{"id":324241,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6b2e4b07657d1a22898","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gedir, Jay V.","contributorId":171735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gedir","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, Grant","contributorId":172342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Grant","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turnbull, Trey T.","contributorId":15909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnbull","given":"Trey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159363,"text":"70159363 - 2015 - Comparative analysis of riverscape genetic structure in rare, threatened and common freshwater mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T10:56:34","indexId":"70159363","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative analysis of riverscape genetic structure in rare, threatened and common freshwater mussels","docAbstract":"Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoida) are highly imperiled with many species on the verge of local extirpation or global extinction. This study investigates patterns of genetic structure and diversity in six species of freshwater mussels in the central Great Lakes region of Ontario, Canada. These species vary in their conservation status (endangered to not considered at risk), life history strategy, and dispersal capabilities. Evidence of historical genetic connectivity within rivers was ubiquitous across species and may reflect dispersal abilities of host fish. There was little to no signature of recent disturbance events or bottlenecks, even in endangered species, likely as a function of mussel longevity and historical population sizes (i.e., insufficient time for genetic drift to be detectable). Genetic structure was largely at the watershed scale suggesting that population augmentation via translocation within rivers may be a useful conservation tool if needed, while minimizing genetic risks to recipient sites. Recent interest in population augmentation via translocation and propagation may rely on these results to inform management of unionids in the Great Lakes region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-015-0705-5","usgsCitation":"Galbraith, H.S., Zanatta, D.T., and Wilson, C.C., 2015, Comparative analysis of riverscape genetic structure in rare, threatened and common freshwater mussels: Conservation Genetics, v. 16, no. 4, p. 845-857, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-015-0705-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"857","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063117","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310674,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 42.39912215986002\n ],\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 42.99661231842139\n ],\n [\n -81.6943359375,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -80.13427734374999,\n 43.715534726205114\n ],\n [\n -79.29931640625,\n 42.85985981506279\n ],\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 42.39912215986002\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5630a02fe4b093cee78203e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galbraith, Heather S. 0000-0003-3704-3517 hgalbraith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":4519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Heather","email":"hgalbraith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zanatta, David T.","contributorId":149384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zanatta","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":17722,"text":"2Institute for Great Lakes Research, Biology Department, Central Michigan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Chris C.","contributorId":149385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17723,"text":"3Aquatic Research Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Trent University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192137,"text":"70192137 - 2015 - The rise of fire: Fossil charcoal in late Devonian marine shales as an indicator of expanding terrestrial ecosystems, fire, and atmospheric change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T14:37:12","indexId":"70192137","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rise of fire: Fossil charcoal in late Devonian marine shales as an indicator of expanding terrestrial ecosystems, fire, and atmospheric change","docAbstract":"Fossil charcoal provides direct evidence for fire events that, in turn, have implications for the evolution of both terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. Most of the ancient charcoal record is known from terrestrial or nearshore environments and indicates the earliest occurrences of fire in the Late Silurian. However, despite the rise in available fuel through the Devonian as vascular land plants became larger and trees and forests evolved, charcoal occurrences are very sparse until the Early Mississippian where extensive charcoal suggests well-established fire systems. We present data from the latest Devonian and Early Mississippian of North America from terrestrial and marine rocks indicating that fire became more widespread and significant at this time. This increase may be a function of rising O2 levels and the occurrence of fire itself may have contributed to this rise through positive feedback. Recent atmospheric modeling suggests an O2 low during the Middle Devonian (around 17.5%), with O2 rising steadily through the Late Devonian and Early Mississippian (to 21–22%) that allowed for widespread burning for the first time. In Devonian-Mississippian marine black shales, fossil charcoal (inertinite) steadily increases up-section suggesting the rise of widespread fire systems. There is a concomitant increase in the amount of vitrinite (preserved woody and other plant tissues) that also suggests increased sources of terrestrial organic matter. Even as end Devonian glaciation was experienced, fossil charcoal continued to be a source of organic matter being introduced into the Devonian oceans. Scanning electron and reflectance microscopy of charcoal from Late Devonian terrestrial sites indicate that the fires were moderately hot (typically 500–600 °C) and burnt mainly surface vegetation dominated by herbaceous zygopterid ferns and lycopsids, rather than being produced by forest crown fires. The occurrence and relative abundance of fossil charcoal in marine black shales are significant in that these shales may provide a more continuous record of fire than is preserved in terrestrial environments. Our data support the idea that major fires are not seen in the fossil record until there is both sufficient and connected fuel and a high enough atmospheric O2 content for it to burn.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/08.2015.01","usgsCitation":"Rimmer, S.M., Hawkins, S.J., Scott, A.C., and Cressler, W.L., 2015, The rise of fire: Fossil charcoal in late Devonian marine shales as an indicator of expanding terrestrial ecosystems, fire, and atmospheric change: American Journal of Science, v. 315, no. 8, p. 713-733, https://doi.org/10.2475/08.2015.01.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"733","ipdsId":"IP-066498","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/08.2015.01","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"315","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59eeffabe4b0220bbd988fc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rimmer, Susan M.","contributorId":197806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rimmer","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawkins, Sarah J. 0000-0002-1878-9121 shawkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1878-9121","contributorId":4818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkins","given":"Sarah","email":"shawkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, Andrew C.","contributorId":43487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cressler, Walter L. III","contributorId":197808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cressler","given":"Walter","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192770,"text":"70192770 - 2015 - Using time series structural characteristics to analyze grain prices in food insecure countries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T15:10:22","indexId":"70192770","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1683,"text":"Food Security","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using time series structural characteristics to analyze grain prices in food insecure countries","docAbstract":"Two components of food security monitoring are accurate forecasts of local grain prices and the ability to identify unusual price behavior. We evaluated a method that can both facilitate forecasts of cross-country grain price data and identify dissimilarities in price behavior across multiple markets. This method, characteristic based clustering (CBC), identifies similarities in multiple time series based on structural characteristics in the data. Here, we conducted a simulation experiment to determine if CBC can be used to improve the accuracy of maize price forecasts. We then compared forecast accuracies among clustered and non-clustered price series over a rolling time horizon. We found that the accuracy of forecasts on clusters of time series were equal to or worse than forecasts based on individual time series. However, in the following experiment we found that CBC was still useful for price analysis. We used the clusters to explore the similarity of price behavior among Kenyan maize markets. We found that price behavior in the isolated markets of Mandera and Marsabit has become increasingly dissimilar from markets in other Kenyan cities, and that these dissimilarities could not be explained solely by geographic distance. The structural isolation of Mandera and Marsabit that we find in this paper is supported by field studies on food security and market integration in Kenya. Our results suggest that a market with a unique price series (as measured by structural characteristics that differ from neighboring markets) may lack market integration and food security.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12571-015-0490-5","usgsCitation":"Davenport, F., and Funk, C., 2015, Using time series structural characteristics to analyze grain prices in food insecure countries: Food Security, v. 7, no. 5, p. 1055-1070, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-015-0490-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1070","ipdsId":"IP-056081","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s12571-015-0490-5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":347732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f83a3ee4b063d5d3098116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davenport, Frank","contributorId":145816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davenport","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7168,"text":"UCSB","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}