{"pageNumber":"1214","pageRowStart":"30325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40904,"records":[{"id":5223780,"text":"5223780 - 1999 - Identification of in vitro cytochrome P450 modulators to detect induction by prototype inducers in the mallard duckling (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-06T16:04:57","indexId":"5223780","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:49","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3820,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of in vitro cytochrome P450 modulators to detect induction by prototype inducers in the mallard duckling (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>","docAbstract":"<p>Seven modulators of mammalian monooxygenase activity were screened for their ability to selectively stimulate or inhibit in vitro monooxygenase activities of hepatic microsomes from mallard ducklings treated with phenobarbital, <i>β</i>-naphthoflavone, 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl or vehicle. Microsomes were assayed fluorometrically for four monooxygenases: benzyloxy-, ethoxy-, methoxy-, and pentoxyresorufin-<i>O</i>-dealkylase, in combination with each of the seven modulators. Four combinations: <i>α</i>-naphthoflavone and 2-methylbenzimidazole with benzyloxyresorufin, and Proadifen with methoxy- and ethoxyresorufin, respectively, were evaluated further. <i>β</i>-Naphthoflavone-treated groups were clearly distinguished from the corn oil vehicle control group by all of the assays and by the effects of the modulators in three of the four assay/modulator combinations. Enzyme activities of the phenobarbital and saline groups were statistically similar (<i>P</i>≥0.05) when assayed without modulator added, but each assay/modulator combination distinguished between these groups. The PCB-treated group was distinguished from the corn oil vehicle control group only for BROD activity, with or without the presence of modulator. Graphing of per cent modulation of BROD activity versus initial BROD activity provided the clearest distinction between all of the study groups. Identification of these selective in vitro modulators may improve detection and measurement of low level cytochrome P450 induction in avian species. Also, both the monooxygenase activities induced and the impacts of the modulators indicated differences between mammalian and avian cytochromes P450.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0742-8413(98)10119-6","usgsCitation":"Renauld, A., Melancon, M.J., and Sordillo, L., 1999, Identification of in vitro cytochrome P450 modulators to detect induction by prototype inducers in the mallard duckling (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, v. 122, no. 2, p. 273-281, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-8413(98)10119-6.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"281","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb3ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renauld, A.E.","contributorId":76854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renauld","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sordillo, L.M.","contributorId":55118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sordillo","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223263,"text":"5223263 - 1999 - Factors influencing counts in an annual survey of Snail Kites in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T16:29:07","indexId":"5223263","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:49","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing counts in an annual survey of Snail Kites in Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>Snail Kites (<i>Rostrhamus sociabilis</i>) in Florida were monitored between 1969 and 1994 using a quasi-systematic annual survey. We analyzed data from the annual Snail Kite survey using a generalized linear model where counts were regarded as overdispersed Poisson random variables. This approach allowed us to investigate covariates that might have obscured temporal patterns of population change or induced spurious patterns in count data by influencing detection rates. We selected a model that distinguished effects related to these covariates from other temporal effects, allowing us to identify patterns of population change in count data. Snail Kite counts were influenced by observer differences, site effects, effort, and water levels. Because there was no temporal overlap of the primary observers who collected count data, patterns of change could be estimated within time intervals covered by an observer, but not for the intervals among observers. Modeled population change was quite different from the change in counts, suggesting that analyses based on unadjusted counts do not accurately model Snail Kite population change. Results from this analysis were consistent with previous reports of an association between water levels and counts, although further work is needed to determine whether water levels affect actual population size as well as detection rates of Snail Kites. Although the effects of variation in detection rates can sometimes be mitigated by including controls for factors related to detection rates, it is often difficult to distinguish factors wholly related to detection rates from factors related to population size. For factors related to both, count survey data cannot be adequately analyzed without explicit estimation of detection rates, using procedures such as capture-recapture.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089366","usgsCitation":"Bennetts, R., Link, W., Sauer, J., and Sykes, P., 1999, Factors influencing counts in an annual survey of Snail Kites in Florida: The Auk, v. 116, no. 2, p. 316-323, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089366.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"316","endPage":"323","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487022,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089366","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":195854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f872d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennetts, R.E.","contributorId":103214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennetts","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223262,"text":"5223262 - 1999 - Annual survival of Snail Kites in Florida: Radio telemetry versus capture-resighting data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T16:31:44","indexId":"5223262","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:49","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual survival of Snail Kites in Florida: Radio telemetry versus capture-resighting data","docAbstract":"<p><span>We estimated annual survival of Snail Kites (<i>Rostrhamus sociabilis</i>) in Florida using the Kaplan-Meier estimator with data from 271 radio-tagged birds over a three-year period and capture-recapture (resighting) models with data from 1,319 banded birds over a six-year period. We tested the hypothesis that survival differed among three age classes using both data sources. We tested additional hypotheses about spatial and temporal variation using a combination of data from radio telemetry and single- and multistrata capture-recapture models. Results from these data sets were similar in their indications of the sources of variation in survival, but they differed in some parameter estimates. Both data sources indicated that survival was higher for adults than for juveniles, but they did not support delineation of a subadult age class. Our data also indicated that survival differed among years and regions for juveniles but not for adults. Estimates of juvenile survival using radio telemetry data were higher than estimates using capture-recapture models for two of three years (1992 and 1993). Ancillary evidence based on censored birds indicated that some mortality of radio-tagged juveniles went undetected during those years, resulting in biased estimates. Thus, we have greater confidence in our estimates of juvenile survival using capture-recapture models. Precision of estimates reflected the number of parameters estimated and was surprisingly similar between radio telemetry and single-stratum capture-recapture models, given the substantial differences in sample sizes. Not having to estimate resighting probability likely offsets, to some degree, the smaller sample sizes from our radio telemetry data. Precision of capture-recapture models was lower using multistrata models where region-specific parameters were estimated than using single-stratum models, where spatial variation in parameters was not taken into account.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089377","usgsCitation":"Bennetts, R., Dreitz, V., Kitchens, W., Hines, J., and Nichols, J., 1999, Annual survival of Snail Kites in Florida: Radio telemetry versus capture-resighting data: The Auk, v. 116, no. 2, p. 435-447, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089377.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"447","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479404,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089377","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":195853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667ef2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennetts, R.E.","contributorId":103214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennetts","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dreitz, V.J.","contributorId":65432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreitz","given":"V.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitchens, W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223393,"text":"5223393 - 1999 - Controlling for varying effort in count surveys: An analysis of Christmas Bird Count data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T15:30:02.367825","indexId":"5223393","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controlling for varying effort in count surveys: An analysis of Christmas Bird Count data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Christmas Bird Count (CBC) is a valuable source of information about midwinter populations of birds in the continental U.S. and Canada. Analysis of CBC data is complicated by substantial variation among sites and years in effort expended in counting; this feature of the CBC is common to many other wildlife surveys. Specification of a method for adjusting counts for effort is a matter of some controversy. Here, we present models for longitudinal count surveys with varying effort; these describe the effect of effort as proportional to exp(B effortp), where B and p are parameters. For any fixed p, our models are loglinear in the transformed explanatory variable (effort)p and other covariables. Hence, we fit a collection of loglinear models corresponding to a range of values of p and select the best effort adjustment from among these on the basis of fit statistics. We apply this procedure to data for six bird species in five regions, for the period 1959-1988.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1400592","usgsCitation":"Link, W., and Sauer, J., 1999, Controlling for varying effort in count surveys: An analysis of Christmas Bird Count data: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 4, no. 2, p. 116-125, https://doi.org/10.2307/1400592.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198686,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021561,"text":"70021561 - 1999 - Foraminiferal faunal estimates of paleotemperature: Circumventing the no-analog problem yields cool ice age tropics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-17T15:11:56.513201","indexId":"70021561","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5790,"text":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraminiferal faunal estimates of paleotemperature: Circumventing the no-analog problem yields cool ice age tropics","docAbstract":"<p><span>The sensitivity of the tropics to climate change, particularly the amplitude of glacial-to-interglacial changes in sea surface temperature (SST), is one of the great controversies in paleoclimatology. Here we reassess faunal estimates of ice age SSTs, focusing on the problem of no-analog planktonic foraminiferal assemblages in the equatorial oceans that confounds both classical transfer function and modern analog methods. A new calibration strategy developed here, which uses past variability of species to define robust faunal assemblages, solves the no-analog problem and reveals ice age cooling of 5° to 6°C in the equatorial current systems of the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. Classical transfer functions underestimated temperature changes in some areas of the tropical oceans because core-top assemblages misrepresented the ice age faunal assemblages. Our finding is consistent with some geochemical estimates and model predictions of greater ice age cooling in the tropics than was inferred by Climate: Long-Range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction (</span><i>CLIMAP</i><span>) [1981] and thus may help to resolve a long-standing controversy. Our new foraminiferal transfer function suggests that such cooling was limited to the equatorial current systems, however, and supports CLIMAP's inference of stability of the subtropical gyre centers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999PA900012","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Mix, A., Morey, A., Pisias, N.G., and Hostetler, S.W., 1999, Foraminiferal faunal estimates of paleotemperature: Circumventing the no-analog problem yields cool ice age tropics: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 14, no. 3, p. 350-359, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA900012.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"350","endPage":"359","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502556,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":229070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a130ae4b0c8380cd544c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mix, A.C.","contributorId":31139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mix","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morey, A.E.","contributorId":57227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morey","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pisias, N. G.","contributorId":93640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pisias","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5211377,"text":"5211377 - 1999 - Vocalization behavior and response of black rails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5211377","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Vocalization behavior and response of black rails","docAbstract":"We measured the vocal responses and movements of radio-tagged black rails (Laterallus jamaicensis) (n = 43, 26 males, 17 females) to playback of vocalizations at 2 sites in Florida during the breeding seasons of 1992-95.  We used regression coefficients from logistic regression equations to model the probability of a response conditional to the birds' sex, nesting status, distance to playback source, and the time of survey.  With a probability of 0.811, non-nesting male black rails were most likely to respond to playback, while nesting females were the least likely to respond (probability = 0.189).  Linear regression was used to determine daily, monthly, and annual variation in response from weekly playback surveys along a fixed route during the breeding seasons of 1993-95.  Significant sources of variation in the linear regression model were month (F = 3.89, df = 3, p = 0.0140), year (F = 9.37, df = 2, p = 0.0003), temperature (F = 5.44, df=1, p = 0.0236), and month*year (F = 2.69, df = 5, p = 0.0311).  The model was highly significant (p < 0.0001) and explained 53% of the variation of mean response per survey period (R2 = 0.5353).  Response probability data obtained from the radio-tagged black rails and data from the weekly playback survey route were combined to provide a density estimate of 0.25 birds/ha for the St. Johns National Wildlife Refuge.     Density estimates for black rails may be obtained from playback surveys, and fixed radius circular plots.  Circular plots should be considered as having a radius of 80 m and be located so the plot centers are 150 m apart.  Playback tapes should contain one series of Kic-kic-kerr and Growl vocalizations recorded within the same geographic region as the study area.  Surveys should be conducted from 0-2 hours after sunrise or 0-2 hours before sunset, during the pre-nesting season, and when wind velocity is < 20 kph.  Observers should listen for 3-4 minutes after playing the survey tape and record responses heard during that time.  Observers should be trained to identify black rail vocalizations and should have acceptable hearing ability.     Given the number of variables that may have large effects on the response behavior of black rails to tape playback, we recommend that future studies using playback surveys should be cautious when presenting estimates of 'absolute' density.  Though results did account for variation in response behavior, we believe that additional variation in vocal response between sites, with breeding status, and bird density remains in question.  Playback surveys along fixed routes providing a simple index of abundance would be useful to monitor populations over large geographic areas, and over time.  Considering the limitations of most agency resources for webless waterbirds, index surveys may be more appropriate.  Future telemetry studies of this type on other species and at other sites would be useful to calibrate information obtained from playback surveys whether reporting an index of abundance or density estimate.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the marsh bird monitoring workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Laurel, Md","collaboration":"Workshop held April 26-28, 1998 at Patuxent Research Refuge, National Wildlife Visitor Center, Laurel, Maryland.  Visit related website at URL. ","usgsCitation":"Legare, M., Eddleman, W., Buckley, P.A., and Kelly, C., 1999, Vocalization behavior and response of black rails, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the marsh bird monitoring workshop.","productDescription":"iv, 52","startPage":"39 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db546093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legare, M.L.","contributorId":15317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legare","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eddleman, W.R.","contributorId":49487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddleman","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckley, P. A.","contributorId":69264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, C.","contributorId":34625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5211376,"text":"5211376 - 1999 - Sora rail studies on the Patuxent River, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T16:52:29","indexId":"5211376","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sora rail studies on the Patuxent River, Maryland","docAbstract":"<p>The freshwater marshes of the tidal Patuxent River are well known for their annual fall concentration of migrant soras (<i>Porzana carolina</i>) and were formerly the most famous rail hunting grounds in the Chesapeake Bay region. Because of concern over the apparent long-term decline in number of soras and the decline in the quality of the Patuxent marshes, especially the loss of wild rice (<i>Zizania aquatica</i>), the Maryland National-Capital Park and Planning Commission (MNCPPC), co-steward of the Jug Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, sponsored rail-related research beginning in 1987. </p><p>Past efforts focused on developing efficient trapping techniques, age and sex criteria, and monitoring body mass dynamics. Noted progress was made in developing digital playback systems and trap improvements to enhance sora captures. These improvements increased capture success by over an order of magnitude and resulted in capture of 2,315 soras and 276 Virginia rails (<i>Rallus limicola</i>) in the 5 year period, 1993-97. Although these methods demonstrate the efficacy of banding large numbers of soras on migration and possibly winter concentration areas, captures at the Patuxent River site have been 70-90% hatching-year birds and recoveries and recaptures have been virtually nonexistent. </p><p>With the present effort, this outcome precludes population parameter estimation using traditional capture-recapture or recovery model methodologies. In 1996, studies were initiated to employ radio telemetry methods to investigate length of stay, habitat use, survival, and migration characteristics of fall migrant soras. These studies are ongoing and will be continued through 1998 with a grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Program and support from the U.S. Geological Survey's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Supplemental funding has also been provided by MNCPPC, FWS Region 5, the Maryland Ornithological Society, Quail Unlimited, and Prince Georges Community College. </p><p>During 1996-97 we developed a successful radio transmitter attachment technique to secure 1.8g radio transmitters over the synsacrum of migrant soras. We modified Rappole and Tipton's (1991) leg-loop attachment method by addition of a waist loop to prevent soras from slipping transmitters over their short tails. Thin gauge (0.6 mm) elastic thread proved ideal for attachment and allowed for girth expansion associated with fattening during stopover. </p><p>Sixty instrumented soras have been monitored in two years of study from early September until early November. Only a single mortality was recorded and 41 (68%) were confIrmed and another 13 (total 90%) were believed to have migrated from the study area. Only a single bird slipped a radio transmitter. Most birds demonstrated a sedentary nature in the marsh throughout stopover. Average length of stay was 44 days in 1997 (n=29) with peak departure occurring 20-24 October. Departing migrants were detected using a receiver/data-logger monitoring system placed 4 miles down river from the study site. Thirty-six of 37 (97%) soras departed in a 2-hour window of time, beginning 1 hour after sunset. Departure was synchronized with cold fronts on clear, starlit nights. Twenty-five soras were monitored on migration from 8 km to as far away as 770 km. </p><p>Findings indicate migration flight speeds of 40 to 50 mph and a direct southward orientation from the study site at least until contact with the Atlantic Ocean west of Cape Lookout, North Carolina. We also attempted to monitor passage of migrant soras radio tagged at Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge in western New York by biologist Soch Lor. None were recorded passing a monitoring unit at Haldeman Island in the middle of the Susquehanna River 10 miles north of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. This further corroborates our findings that when migrating overland, soras move in a direct southward orientation and are not following land features such as major rivers</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Marsh Bird Monitoring Workshop","conferenceTitle":"Marsh Bird Monitoring Workshop","conferenceDate":"April 26-28, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Patuxent Research Refuge, National Wildlife Visitor Center, Laurel, Maryland","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Laurel, Md","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., and Kearns, G.D., 1999, Sora rail studies on the Patuxent River, Maryland, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the Marsh Bird Monitoring Workshop.","productDescription":"iv, 52","startPage":"37 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e77bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G. Michael mharamis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G. Michael","email":"mharamis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kearns, Gregory D.","contributorId":28331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kearns","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210886,"text":"5210886 - 1999 - Regional analysis of population trajectories from the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5210886","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Regional analysis of population trajectories from the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"The North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) was started in 1966, and provides information on population change and distribution for most of the birds in North America.  The geographic extent of the survey, and the logistical compromises needed to survey such a large area, present many challenges for estimation from BBS data. In this paper, we describe the survey and discuss some of the limitations of the survey design and implementation.  Analysis of the survey has evolved over time as new statistical methods and insights into the analysis of count data are developed.  Survey results and analysis tools for the BBS are now available over intemet; we present new methods that use generalized linear models for estimation of population change and empirical Bayes procedures for regional summaries.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird numbers 1998: where monitoring and ecological research meet: proceedings of the 14th International Conference of the European Bird Census Council (EBCC) in Cottbus (Brandenburg), Germany, 23-31 March 1998.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"AULU-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Wiebelsheim, Germany","collaboration":"OCLC:  44821381.  A summary of present methods used to estimate population change from the BBS.","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., and Link, W., 1999, Regional analysis of population trajectories from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, chap. <i>of</i> Bird numbers 1998: where monitoring and ecological research meet: proceedings of the 14th International Conference of the European Bird Census Council (EBCC) in Cottbus (Brandenburg), Germany, 23-31 March 1998., p. 31-38.","productDescription":"402","startPage":"31","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"402","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613b55","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Helbig, Andreas J.","contributorId":111381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helbig","given":"Andreas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507269,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flade, Martin","contributorId":111819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flade","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507270,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210889,"text":"5210889 - 1999 - Linking stressors and ecological responses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5210889","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Linking stressors and ecological responses","docAbstract":"To characterize risk, it is necessary to quantify the linkages and  interactions between chemical, physical and biological stressors and  endpoints in the conceptual framework for ecological risk assessment  (ERA).  This can present challenges in a multiple stressor analysis, and it will not always be possible to develop a quantitative stressor-response profile.  This review commences with a conceptual representation of the problem of developing a linkage analysis for multiple stressors and responses.  The remainder of the review surveys a variety of mathematical and statistical methods (e.g., ranking methods, matrix models, multivariate dose-response for mixtures, indices, visualization, simulation modeling and decision-oriented methods) for accomplishing the linkage analysis for multiple stressors.  Describing the relationships between multiple stressors  and ecological effects are critical components of  'effects assessment' in the ecological risk assessment framework. ","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Multiple Stressors in Ecological Risk and Impact Assessment: Proceedings from the Pellston Workshop on Multiple Stressors in Ecological Risk and Impact Assessment, 13-18 September 1997, Pellston, Michigan ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, Fla.","collaboration":"OCLC:  40698614  PDF on file: 5292_Gentile.pdf  OCR","usgsCitation":"Gentile, J., Solomon, K., Butcher, J., Harrass, M., Landis, W., Power, M., Rattner, B., Warren-Hicks, W., and Wenger, R., 1999, Linking stressors and ecological responses, chap. <i>of</i> Multiple Stressors in Ecological Risk and Impact Assessment: Proceedings from the Pellston Workshop on Multiple Stressors in Ecological Risk and Impact Assessment, 13-18 September 1997, Pellston, Michigan , p. 27-50.","productDescription":"xv, 100","startPage":"27","endPage":"50","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a502c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Foran, Jeffery A.","contributorId":111515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foran","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507275,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferenc, Susan A.","contributorId":113499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferenc","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507276,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Gentile, J.H.","contributorId":49491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gentile","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, K.R.","contributorId":45432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butcher, J.B.","contributorId":97223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butcher","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrass, M.","contributorId":81611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrass","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landis, W.G.","contributorId":67618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Power, M.","contributorId":20050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":329482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Warren-Hicks, W.J.","contributorId":40707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren-Hicks","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wenger, R.","contributorId":95179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenger","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":5211019,"text":"5211019 - 1999 - Demography of forest birds in Panama: How do transients affect estimates of survival rates?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5211019","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Demography of forest birds in Panama: How do transients affect estimates of survival rates?","docAbstract":"Estimates of annual survival rates of neotropical birds have proven controversial. Traditionally, tropical birds were thought to have high survival rates for their size, but analyses of a multispecies assemblage from Panama by Karr et al. (1990) provided a counterexample to that view.  One criticism of that study has been that the estimates were biased by transient birds captured only once as they passed through the area being sampled.  New models that formally adjust for transient individuals have been developed since 1990.  Preliminary analyses indicate that these models are indeed useful in modelling the data from Panama.  Nonetheless, there is considerable interspecific variation and overall estimates of annual survival rates for understorey birds in Panama remain lower than those from other studies in the Neotropics and well below the rates long assumed for tropical birds (i.e. > 0.80).  Therefore, tropical birds may not have systematically higher survival rates than temperate-zone species.  Variation in survival rates among tropical species suggests that theory based on a simple tradeoff between clutch size and longevity is inadequate.  The demographic traits of birds in the tropics (and elsewhere) vary within and among species according to some combination of historical and ongoing ecological factors.  Understanding these processes is the challenge for future work.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings 22nd International Ornithological Congress, 16-22 August 1998, Durban.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bird Life South Africa","publisherLocation":"Johannesburg, South Africa","collaboration":"Title on liner notes:   Making rain for African ornithology.  Within contents, click on S06. Demography of tropical forest birds. Convenors:   Francis, C.M. &  Piper, S.  Other sections of this IOC are published in Ostrich v. 69 #3-4 and v. 70 #1.","usgsCitation":"Brawn, J.D., Karr, J., Nichols, J., and Robinson, W., 1999, Demography of forest birds in Panama: How do transients affect estimates of survival rates?, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings 22nd International Ornithological Congress, 16-22 August 1998, Durban., p. 297-305.","productDescription":"on CD-ROM:  lxxxi, 3229","startPage":"297","endPage":"305","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ed1a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Adams, N.J.","contributorId":112031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507493,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slotow, R.H.","contributorId":113203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slotow","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507494,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Brawn, J. D.","contributorId":31850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brawn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karr, J.R.","contributorId":74091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karr","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, W.D.","contributorId":29928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5210884,"text":"5210884 - 1999 - On the importance of controlling for effort in analysis of count survey data: Modeling population change from Christmas Bird Count data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5210884","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"On the importance of controlling for effort in analysis of count survey data: Modeling population change from Christmas Bird Count data","docAbstract":"Count survey data are commonly used for estimating temporal and spatial patterns of population change.  Since count surveys are not censuses, counts can be influenced by 'nuisance factors' related to the probability of detecting animals but unrelated to the actual population size.  The effects of systematic changes in these factors can be confounded with patterns of population change.  Thus, valid analysis of count survey data requires the identification of nuisance factors and flexible models for their effects.  We illustrate using data from the Christmas Bird Count (CBC), a midwinter survey of bird populations in North America.  CBC survey effort has substantially increased in recent years, suggesting that unadjusted counts may overstate population growth (or understate declines).  We describe a flexible family of models for the effect of effort, that includes models in which increasing effort leads to diminishing returns in terms of the number of birds counted.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird numbers 1998: where monitoring and ecological research meet: proceedings of the 14th International Conference of the European Bird Census Council (EBCC) in Cottbus (Brandenburg), Germany, 23-31 March 1998.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"AULU-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Wiebelsheim, Germany","collaboration":"OCLC:  44821381","usgsCitation":"Link, W., and Sauer, J., 1999, On the importance of controlling for effort in analysis of count survey data: Modeling population change from Christmas Bird Count data, chap. <i>of</i> Bird numbers 1998: where monitoring and ecological research meet: proceedings of the 14th International Conference of the European Bird Census Council (EBCC) in Cottbus (Brandenburg), Germany, 23-31 March 1998., p. 119-124.","productDescription":"402","startPage":"119","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"402","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691b30","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Helbig, Andreas J.","contributorId":111381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helbig","given":"Andreas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507267,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flade, Martin","contributorId":111819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flade","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507268,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30184,"text":"wri994232 - 1999 - Depth-Duration Frequency of Precipitation for Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri994232","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4232","title":"Depth-Duration Frequency of Precipitation for Oklahoma","docAbstract":"A regional frequency analysis was conducted to estimate the depth-duration frequency of precipitation for 12 durations in Oklahoma (15, 30, and 60 minutes; 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours; and 1, 3, and 7 days). Seven selected frequencies, expressed as recurrence intervals, were investigated (2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 years). L-moment statistics were used to summarize depth-duration data and to determine the appropriate statistical distributions. Three different rain-gage networks provided the data (15minute, 1-hour, and 1-day). The 60-minute, and 1-hour; and the 24-hour, and 1-day durations were analyzed separately. \r\n\r\nData were used from rain-gage stations with at least 10-years of record and within Oklahoma or about 50 kilometers into bordering states. Precipitation annual maxima (depths) were determined from the data for 110 15-minute, 141 hourly, and 413 daily stations. \r\n\r\nThe L-moment statistics for depths for all durations were calculated for each station using unbiased L-mo-ment estimators for the mean, L-scale, L-coefficient of variation, L-skew, and L-kur-tosis. The relation between L-skew and L-kurtosis (L-moment ratio diagram) and goodness-of-fit measures were used to select the frequency distributions. The three-parameter generalized logistic distribution was selected to model the frequencies of 15-, 30-, and 60-minute annual maxima; and the three-parameter generalized extreme-value distribution was selected to model the frequencies of 1-hour to 7-day annual maxima. \r\n\r\nThe mean for each station and duration was corrected for the bias associated with fixed interval recording of precipitation amounts. The L-scale and spatially averaged L-skew statistics were used to compute the location, scale, and shape parameters of the selected distribution for each station and duration. The three parameters were used to calculate the depth-duration-frequency relations for each station. The precipitation depths for selected frequencies were contoured from weighted depth surfaces to produce maps from which the precipitation depth-duration-frequency curve for selected storm durations can be determined for any site in Oklahoma.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Tortorelli, R.L., Rea, A., and Asquith, W.H., 1999, Depth-Duration Frequency of Precipitation for Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4232, iii, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994232.","productDescription":"iii, 113 p.","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12612,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri994232/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,32 ], [ -104,38 ], [ -93,38 ], [ -93,32 ], [ -104,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rea, Alan","contributorId":41018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25479,"text":"wri974260 - 1999 - Environmental setting and natural factors and human influences affecting water quality in the White River Basin, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T16:02:03","indexId":"wri974260","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4260","title":"Environmental setting and natural factors and human influences affecting water quality in the White River Basin, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The White River Basin drains 11,349 square miles of central and southern Indiana and is one of 59 Study Units selected for water-quality assessment as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National WaterQuality Assessment Program. Defining the environmental setting of the basin and identifying the natural factors and human influences that affect water quality are important parts of the assessment.</p>\n<p>Interrelated natural factors help determine the quality of surface and ground water in a river basin. The White River Basin has a humid continental climate, characterized by well-defined winter and summer seasons. Geologic features in the basin include glaciated and nonglaciated areas; a region of karst geomorphology that is characterized by caves and sinkholes; and a thick, sedimentary bedrock sequence underlying the entire basin. Unconsolidated glacial deposits of clay, silt, sand and gravel cover more than 60 percent of the basin. Soils developed in unconsolidated glacial deposits are typically fertile, naturally or artificially well drained, and farmed. Soils in the unglaciated south-central part of the basin are thin, have low fertility, and are best suited for forest or pasture.</p>\n<p>Agriculture is the principal land use in the White River Basin. Approximately 70 percent of the basin is used for agriculture, and about 50 percent of the basin is cropland. Corn and soybeans are the major crops. Other significant land uses are forest (22 percent) and urban and residential (7 percent). The population of the basin was 2.1 million in 1990. Water use in the White River Basin totaled 1,284 million gallons per day in 1995, of which 84.5 percent was surface water and 15.5 percent was ground water. Despite the predominant use of surface water, ground water was the primary source of drinking water for approximately 56 percent of the population.</p>\n<p>The general water chemistry in the White River Basin is determined by natural factors such as soils and geologic materials that water contacts as it moves through the hydrologic system. In the southern part of the basin, bedrock upland areas are dominated by non-carbonate bedrock, thin soils, and high runoff-rainfall ratios. These areas have small chemical concentrations in streamwater. Conversely, in the northern part of the basin where glacial deposits are thick and in the southwestern part of the basin where loess deposits are thick, water has longer periods of time to react with soils and aquifers and to acquire substantial quantities of dissolved constituents. As a result, streams in the till plain and glacial lowland have higher concentrations of most constituents than streams in the unglaciated parts of the basin. Water quality is significantly modified by human influences. Water quality is affected locally by point sources of contamination that include combined-sewer overflows, power-generation-plant cooling stations, and wastewater-treatment-plant effluents that are&nbsp;generally associated with densely populated areas. Water quality is additionally affected by non-point sources of contamination related to agriculture, urban runoff, and mining.</p>\n<p>Six hydrogeomorphic regions of the White River Basin are delineated on the basis of distinct and relatively homogeneous natural characteristics. These six regions are used in the White River Basin study as a framework for examining the effects of natural factors on water quality in the basin. Bedrock is exposed or near the surface in three hydrogeomorphic regions the bedrock uplands, bedrock lowland and plain, and karst plain; streams and shallow aquifers in these regions are susceptible to contamination, especially in the karst plain, and show rapid response to rainfall. The other three hydrogeomorphic regions the fluvial deposits, till plain, and glacial lowland are in the glaciated part of the basin. Where thick fine-grained unconsolidated sediments are present, primarily in the till plain, ground-water supplies are protected from contamination, and extreme high and low streamflows are moderated.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, Indiana","doi":"10.3133/wri974260","usgsCitation":"Schnoebelen, D.J., Fenelon, J.M., Baker, N.T., Martin, J.D., Bayless, E.R., Jacques, D.V., and Crawford, C.G., 1999, Environmental setting and natural factors and human influences affecting water quality in the White River Basin, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4260, viii, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974260.","productDescription":"viii, 66 p.","numberOfPages":"75","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bayless, E. Randall 0000-0002-0357-3635","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-3635","contributorId":42586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jacques, David V.","contributorId":29000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacques","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":27186,"text":"wri974036 - 1999 - Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone and simulated time of arrival of landfill leachate at the water table, Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Facility, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T21:39:37.607464","indexId":"wri974036","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4036","title":"Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone and simulated time of arrival of landfill leachate at the water table, Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Facility, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso County, Texas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss Municipal \r\nSolid Waste Landfill Facility (MSWLF) is located about 10 miles \r\nnortheast of downtown El Paso, Texas. The landfill is built on \r\nthe Hueco Bolson, a deposit that yields water to five public-supply \r\nwells within 1.1 miles of the landfill boundary on all sides. \r\nThe bolson deposits consist of lenses and mixtures of sand, clay, \r\nsilt, gravel, and caliche. The unsaturated zone at the landfill \r\nis about 300 feet thick. The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill \r\nPerformance (HELP) and the Multimedia Exposure Assessment \r\nModel for Evaluating the Land Disposal of Wastes (MULTIMED) \r\ncomputer models were used to simulate the time of first arrival \r\nof landfill leachate at the water table. \r\n\r\nSite-specific data were collected for model input. At five \r\nsites on the landfill cover, hydraulic conductivity was \r\nmeasured by an in situ method; in addition, laboratory values were \r\nobtained for porosity, moisture content at field capacity, and \r\nmoisture content at wilting point. Twenty-seven sediment samples were \r\ncollected from two adjacent boreholes drilled near the \r\nsouthwest corner of the landfill. Of these, 23 samples were assumed \r\nto represent the unsaturated zone beneath the landfill. The core \r\nsamples were analyzed in the laboratory for various \r\ncharacteristics required for the HELP and MULTIMED models: initial \r\nmoisture content, dry bulk density, porosity, saturated \r\nhydraulic conductivity, moisture retention percentages at various \r\nsuction values, total organic carbon, and pH. Parameters were \r\ncalculated for the van Genuchten and Brooks-Corey equations that \r\nrelate hydraulic conductivity to saturation. A reported recharge \r\nvalue of 0.008 inch per year was estimated on the basis of soil-\r\nwater chloride concentration.\r\n\r\nThe HELP model was implemented using input values that were based \r\nmostly on site-specific data or assumed in a conservative manner. \r\nExceptions were the default values used for waste characteristics. \r\nFlow through the landfill was assumed to be at steady state. The \r\nHELP-estimated landfill leakage rate was 101.6 millimeters per \r\nyear, approximately 500 times the estimated recharge rate for the \r\narea near the landfill. \r\n\r\nThe MULTIMED model was implemented using input values \r\nthat were based mainly on site-specific data and some \r\nconservatively assumed values. Landfill leakage was assumed to \r\nbegin when the landfill was established and to continue at a \r\nsteady-state rate of 101.6 millimeters per year as estimated \r\nby the HELP model. By using an assumed solute concentration in \r\nthe leachate of 1 milligram per liter and assuming no delay or \r\ndecay of solute, the solute serves as a tracer to indicate the first \r\narrival of landfill leachate. The simulated first arrival of \r\nleachate at the water table was 204 to 210 years after the \r\nestablishment of the landfill.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974036","usgsCitation":"Frenzel, P.F., and Abeyta, C.G., 1999, Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone and simulated time of arrival of landfill leachate at the water table, Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Facility, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4036, Report: iv, 26 p.; 1 Plate: 7.94 × 19.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974036.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 26 p.; 1 Plate: 7.94 × 19.99 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394223,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22935.htm"},{"id":56061,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4036/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56060,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4036/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4036/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"El Paso County","otherGeospatial":"U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.388,\n              31.8760\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.397,\n              31.8760\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.397,\n              31.885\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.388,\n              31.885\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.388,\n              31.8760\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a87ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frenzel, Peter F.","contributorId":59442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frenzel","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abeyta, Cynthia G.","contributorId":52187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abeyta","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22883,"text":"ofr99386 - 1999 - Digital mapping techniques '99 -- workshop proceedings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-01T09:15:37","indexId":"ofr99386","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-386","title":"Digital mapping techniques '99 -- workshop proceedings","docAbstract":"<p>The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Digital Mapping Techniques '99</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(DMT'99) workshop was attended by 91 technical experts from 42 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 30 state geological surveys (see<span>&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-386/app-a.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-386/app-a.html\">Appendix A</a>). This workshop was similar in nature to the first two meetings, held in June, 1997, in Lawrence, Kansas (Soller, 1997), and in May, 1998, in Champaign, Illinois (Soller, 1998a). This year's meeting was hosted by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, from May 19 to 22, 1999, on the University of Wisconsin campus in Madison. As in the previous meetings, the objective was to foster informal discussion and exchange of technical information. When, based on discussions at the workshop, an attendee adopts or modifies a newly learned technique, the workshop clearly has met that objective. Evidence of learning and cooperation among participating agencies continued to be a highlight of the DMT workshops (see example in Soller, 1998b, and various papers in this volume).</p><p>The meeting's general goal was to help move the state geological surveys and the USGS toward development of more cost-effective, flexible, and useful systems for digital mapping and geographic information systems (GIS) analysis. Through oral and poster presentations and special discussion sessions, emphasis was given to: 1) methods for creating and publishing map products (here, ìpublishingî includes Web-based release); 2) continued development of the National Geologic Map Database; and 3) progress toward building a standard geologic map data model. Especially to support the interest in map preparation and publication, five representatives of the GIS hardware and software vendor community were invited to participate.</p><p>The three annual DMT workshops were coordinated by the AASG/USGS Data Capture Working Group, which was formed in August, 1996, to support the Association of American State Geologists and the USGS in their effort to build a National Geologic Map Database (see Soller and Berg, this volume, and<span>&nbsp;</span><a href=\"http://ncgmp.usgs.gov/ngmdbproject/standards/datacapt/datacaptureWG.html\" data-mce-href=\"http://ncgmp.usgs.gov/ngmdbproject/standards/datacapt/datacaptureWG.html\">http://ncgmp.usgs.gov/ngmdbproject/standards/datacapt/datacaptureWG.html</a>). The Working Group was formed because increased production efficiencies, standardization, and quality of digital map products were needed to help the Database, and the State and Federal geological surveys, provide more high-quality digital maps to the public.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Digital mapping techniques '99 -- workshop proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Digital mapping techniques '99 workshop","conferenceDate":"May 19-22, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Madison, Wisconsin","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Branch of Information Services","doi":"10.3133/ofr99386","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 1999, Digital mapping techniques '99 -- workshop proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-386, 216 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99386.","productDescription":"216 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1341,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of99-386/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":362515,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-386/of99-386.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65ac19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24468,"text":"ofr99355 - 1999 - Magnetotelluric study of the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley regions, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T14:04:39","indexId":"ofr99355","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-355","title":"Magnetotelluric study of the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley regions, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Magnetotelluric data delineate distinct layers and lateral variations above the pre-Tertiary basement. On Pahute Mesa, three resistivity layers associated with the volcanic rocks are defined: a moderately resistive surface layer, an underlying conductive layer, and a deep resistive layer. Considerable geologic information can be derived from the conductive layer which extents from near the water table down to a depth of approximately 2 km. The increase in conductivity is probably related to zeolite zonation observed in the volcanic rock on Pahute Mesa, which is relatively impermeable to groundwater flow unless fractured. Inferred faults within this conductive layer are modeled on several profiles crossing the Thirsty Canyon fault zone. This fault zone extends from Pahute Mesa into Oasis Valley basin. Near Colson Pond where the basement is shallow, the Thirsty Canyon fault zone is several (~2.5) kilometers wide. Due to the indicated vertical offsets associated with the Thirsty Canyon fault zone, the fault zone may act as a barrier to transverse (E-W) groundwater flow by juxtaposing rocks of different permeabilities.\n\nWe propose that the Thirsty Canyon fault zone diverts water southward from Pahute Mesa to Oasis Valley. The electrically conductive nature of this fault zone indicates the presence of abundant alteration minerals or a dense network of open and interconnected fractures filled with electrically conductive groundwater. The formation of alteration minerals require the presence of water suggesting that an extensive interconnected fracture system exists or existed at one time. Thus, the fractures within the fault zone may be either a barrier or a conduit for groundwater flow, depending on the degree of alteration and the volume of open pore space.\n\nIn Oasis Valley basin, a conductive surface layer, composed of alluvium and possibly altered volcanic rocks, extends to a depth of 300 to 500 m. The underlying volcanic layer, composed mostly of tuffs, fills the basin with about 3-3.5 km of relief on basement. A fault zone, related to the southern margin of the basin, appears to extend up to a depth of about 500 m. The path of groundwater encountering this fault zone is uncertain but may be either to the southwest towards Beatty or to the south towards Crater Flat.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99355","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy Nevada Operations Office (Interagency Agreement DE-AI08-96NV11967)","usgsCitation":"Schenkel, C.J., Hildenbrand, T.G., and Dixon, G.L., 1999, Magnetotelluric study of the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley regions, Nye County, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-355, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99355.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99355.GIF"},{"id":1566,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0355/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284887,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0355/pdf/of99-355.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Oasis Valley;Pahute Mesa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,36.75 ], [ -116.75,37.5 ], [ -116.25,37.5 ], [ -116.25,36.75 ], [ -116.75,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6552e4b0b29085100047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schenkel, Clifford J.","contributorId":37370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenkel","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, Gary L.","contributorId":23571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31109,"text":"ofr97639 - 1999 - Hydrogeology of the Schodack-Kinderhook Area, Rensselaer and Columbia Counties, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T19:57:53.578464","indexId":"ofr97639","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-639","title":"Hydrogeology of the Schodack-Kinderhook Area, Rensselaer and Columbia Counties, New York","docAbstract":"<p>Two glaciodeltaic outwash terraces in southern Rensselaer and northern Columbia Counties, known locally as the Schodack and Kinderhook terraces, consist of ice-contact and outwash sand and gravel and together form a regional, unconfined, stratified-drift aquifer with a combined area of 18.75 square miles. The hydrogeology of these aquifers is summarized on four maps at 1:24,000 scale, that depict (1) locations of wells and test holes, (2) surficial geology, (3) altitude of the water table, and (4) altitude of the bedrock surface.</p><p>Both terraces are associated with a thin and probably discontinuous confined aquifer consisting of beds of glaciofluvial sand and gravel derived from the outwash deltas that form the two terraces. The confined aquifer is overlain by thick deposits of lacustrine silt and clay. Consultants? estimates of average hydraulic conductivity, based on aquifer tests conducted at four test wells screened in thicker sections of the confined aquifer, range from 430 to 2,360 ft/d (feet per day), with a mean of 1,150 ft/d. The mean estimate of hydraulic conductivity derived from specific-capacity data from 16 test wells screened in confined and unconfined sections of the aquifer is 640 ft/d.</p><p>Reported yields for domestic wells completed in unconfined sections of the Schodack and Kinderhook terrace aquifers average 16.1 and 18.3 gal/min (gallons per minute), respectively, and reported yields of domestic wells completed in hydraulically confined sections of these terraces average 15.3 and 12.8 gal/ min, respectively. Yields from public-supply wells screened in the confined sections of the Schodack Terrace aquifer range from 50 to 1,050 gal/min and average 305 gal/min. Average annual recharge to the Schodack Terrace aquifer and adjacent upland till deposits, as estimated in a 1960 U.S. Geological Survey study, were 16.3 and 7.1 inches per square mile, respectively. Bedrock that underlies the study area has been highly modified by tectonic activity, differential weathering, and preglacial erosion which produced about 900 ft of relief on the bedrock surface. A major thrust fault that runs north-south through the area separates autocthonous Ordovician rock units to the west from allocthonous Cambrian (Taconic) rocks to the east.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97639","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.J., 1999, Hydrogeology of the Schodack-Kinderhook Area, Rensselaer and Columbia Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-639, Report: iv, 73 p.; 8 Plates: 32.17 × 52.15 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97639.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 73 p.; 8 Plates: 32.17 × 52.15 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258660,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0639/ofr19970639_plate4.pdf","text":"Plate 4 - Bedrock-surface altitude","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 197-0639"},{"id":326250,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0639/ofr19970639_plate3big.pdf","text":"Plate 3 - Water-table altitude (larger size)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 197-0639"},{"id":258659,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0639/ofr19970639_plate3.pdf","text":"Plate 3 - Water-table altitude","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 197-0639"},{"id":326249,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0639/ofr19970639_plate2big.pdf","text":"Plate 2 - Surficial geology (larger size)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 197-0639"},{"id":258658,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0639/ofr19970639_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2 - Surficial geology","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 197-0639"},{"id":326229,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0639/ofr19970639_plate1big.pdf","text":"Plate 1 -  Locations of wells and test holes (larger size)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 197-0639"},{"id":258657,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0639/ofr19970639_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1 - Locations of wells and test holes","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 197-0639"},{"id":2582,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0639/ofr19970639.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 197-0639"},{"id":326251,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0639/ofr19970639_plate4big.pdf","text":"Plate 4 - Bedrock-surface altitude (larger size)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 197-0639"},{"id":397738,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26592.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0639/coverthb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Columbia County, Rensselaer County","otherGeospatial":"Schodack - Kinderhook area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.8,\n              42.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.625,\n              42.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.625,\n              42.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.8,\n              42.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.8,\n              42.375\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, New York Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br>425 Jordan Rd<br> Troy, NY 12180<br> (518) 285-5695&nbsp;<br> <a href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\">http://ny.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Hydrogeology</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>Selected References</li><li>Appendix - Records of wells in the Schodack-Kinderhook area, Rensselaer and Columbia Counties, N.Y</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614d05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":42437,"text":"ofr99563 - 1999 - Sedimentation and bathymetry changes in Suisun Bay: 1867-1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:18:36","indexId":"ofr99563","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-563","title":"Sedimentation and bathymetry changes in Suisun Bay: 1867-1990","docAbstract":"<p>Understanding patterns of historical erosion and deposition in San Francisco Bay is crucial in managing such issues as locating deposits of sediment-associated contaminants, and the restoration of wetland areas. These problems were addressed by quantitatively examining historical hydrographic surveys. The data from five hydrographic surveys, made from 1867 to 1990, were analyzed using surface modeling software to determine long-term changes in the sediment system of Suisun Bay and surrounding areas. A surface grid displaying the bathymetry was created for each survey period, and the bathymetric change between survey periods was computed by differencing these grids. Patterns and volumes of erosion and deposition, sedimentation rates, and shoreline changes were derived from the resulting change grids. Approximately 115 million cubic meters of sediment were deposited in the Suisun Bay area from 1867 to 1887, the majority of which was debris from hydraulic gold mining in the Sierra Nevada. Just under two-thirds of the area of the study site was depositional during this time period, while less than one-third of it was erosional. However, over the entire study period, the Suisun Bay area lost sediment, indicating that a large amount of erosion occurred from1887 to 1990. In fact, this area lost sediment during each of the change periods between 1887 and 1990. Because erosion and deposition are processes that may vary over space and time, further analyses of more specific areas were done to examine spatial and temporal patterns. The change in the Suisun Bay area from being a largely depositional environment to an erosional one is the result of a combination of several factors. These factors include the regulation and subsequent cessation of hydraulic mining practices, and the increase in flood control and water distribution projects that have decreased sediment supply to the bay by reducing the frequency and duration of peak flow conditions. Another pattern shown by the changing bathymetry is the substantial decrease in the area of tidal flat (defined in this study as the area between mean lower low water and the shoreline), particularly in Grizzly Bay and Honker Bay. These tidal flats are important to the bay ecosystem, providing stability and biologic diversity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99563","usgsCitation":"Cappiella, K., Malzone, C., Smith, R., and Jaffe, B., 1999, Sedimentation and bathymetry changes in Suisun Bay: 1867-1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-563, Report: 48.76 x 30.10 inches; Report: PostScript file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99563.","productDescription":"Report: 48.76 x 30.10 inches; Report: PostScript file","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99563.jpg"},{"id":285072,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0563/of99-563.eps"},{"id":285071,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0563/pdf/of99-563.pdf"},{"id":3687,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0563/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grizzly Bay;Honker Bay;San Francisco Bay;Sierra Nevada;Suisun Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.249487,37.976683 ], [ -122.249487,38.207722 ], [ -121.74452,38.207722 ], [ -121.74452,37.976683 ], [ -122.249487,37.976683 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0a42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cappiella, Karen","contributorId":83595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cappiella","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malzone, Chris","contributorId":70839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malzone","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Richard","contributorId":34172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce","contributorId":9219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25580,"text":"wri984050 - 1999 - Hydrogeology of the unsaturated zone, North Ramp area of the Exploratory Studies Facility, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T17:32:03","indexId":"wri984050","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4050","title":"Hydrogeology of the unsaturated zone, North Ramp area of the Exploratory Studies Facility, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Yucca Mountain, in southern Nevada, is being investigated by the U.S. Department of Energy as a potential site for a repository for high-level radioactive waste. This report documents the results of surface-based geologic, pneumatic, hydrologic, and geochemical studies conducted during 1992 to 1996 by the U.S. Geological Survey in the vicinity of the North Ramp of the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) that are pertinent to understanding multiphase fluid flow within the deep unsaturated zone. Detailed stratigraphic and structural characteristics of the study area provided the hydrogeologic framework for these investigations.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Multiple lines of evidence indicate that gas flow and liquid flow within the welded tuffs of the unsaturated zone occur primarily through fractures. Fracture densities are highest in the Tiva Canyon welded (TCw) and Topopah Spring welded (TSw) hydrogeologic units. Although fracture density is much lower in the intervening nonwelded and bedded tuffs of the Paintbrush nonwelded hydrogeologic unit (PTn), pneumatic and aqueous-phase isotopic evidence indicates that substantial secondary permeability is present locally in the PTn, especially in the vicinity of faults. Borehole air-injection tests indicate that bulk air-permeability ranges from 3.5x10<sup>-14</sup> to 5.4x10<sup>-11</sup> square meters for the welded tuffs and from 1.2x10<sup>-13</sup> to 3.0x10<sup>-12</sup> square meters for the non welded and bedded tuffs of the PTn. Analyses of in-situ pneumatic-pressure data from monitored boreholes produced estimates of bulk permeability that were comparable to those determined from the air-injection tests. In many cases, both sets of estimates are two to three orders of magnitude larger than estimates based on laboratory analyses of unfractured core samples. The in-situ pneumatic-pressure records also indicate that the unsaturated-zone pneumatic system consists of four subsystems that coincide with the four major hydrogeologic units of the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain. In descending order, these hydrogeologic units are the Tiva Canyon welded (TCw), Paintbrush nonwelded (PTn), Topopah Spring welded (TSw ), and Calico Hills nonwelded (CHn).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Deep percolation takes place as episodic pulses of inflow that propagate rapidly to depth and apparently bypass most of the rock matrix. Field-scale and core-scale water potentials throughout much of the PTn and TSw are very high, generally greater than -0.3 megapascals, and are nearly depth invariant. Thus, the imbibition capacity of the densely welded tuffs, at least near fractures, is very small because of low matrix permeabilities and low water-potential gradients across the fracture-matrix interface. The combination of high fracture permeability, high water potentials, high matrix saturations, and low matrix permeabilities results in a percolation environment that favors deep fracture flow. The episodic pulses of inflow are evidenced in the sporadic but nevertheless commonplace occurrence of water with concentrations of radioactive isotopes indicative of origins postdating the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. High concentrations of tritium have been detected at many horizons within the PTn and in the top of the TSw. Much lower concentrations of tritium, indicating the mixing of a bomb-pulse component with older water, have been detected in the deeper sections of the TSw and in the CHn.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Evidence for fracture flow also is apparent in the widespread occurrence of perched water with chemical and isotopic signatures that indicate a fracture-flow origin for at least some of this water. In the North Ramp area, perched water has been detected at the base of the Topopah Spring Tuff or in the top of the underlying non welded to partially welded tuffs of the Calico Hills Formation in every dry-drilled borehole of sufficient depth to penetrate the Topopah Spring Tuff-Calico Hills Formation contact. The concentrations of the major ions of the perched water are similar to that of TSw pore water at borehole UZ-14, CHn pore water, and saturated-zone water at boreholes NRG-7 a and SD-9. The absolute chloride concentration of the perched water, however, is much lower than the chloride concentration of pore water from either the PTn or the TSw. The chemical and isotopic compositions of perched water indicate that this water was derived primarily from fracture flow, with little or no contribution from water in the matrix of the overlying rock. Carbon-14 ages of perched water range from 3,000 to 7,000 years. Strontium-87 isotope ratios indicate dissolution of surficial pedogenic calcite and calcite fracture fillings, which supports a fracture-flow origin for perched water. Moreover, carbon-13 and deuterium isotope values indicate rapid infiltration into fractures with little or no prior evaporation.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Evidence for deep fracture flow into the Calico Hills Formation at UZ-14 is indicated by carbon-14 values that are from 65 and 95 percent modem carbon, equivalent to apparent ages of about 3,500 to 500 years. Some of these ages are younger than age estimates for perched water in the overlying Topopah Spring Tuff and are much younger than any that could be derived from a matrix-flow model.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Evidence is lacking for extensive lateral flow within the PTn or for interception and diversion of this flow downward along structural pathways (faults), two key features of the original conceptual model for unsaturated flow at Yucca Mountain. Where data are available to infer lateral flow in the PTn, it is not certain that fracture flow could not have produced the same results. Pneumatic data, derived primarily from analysis of the interference effects from excavation of the North Ramp tunnel, indicate that faults within the Topopah Spring Tuff are open over substantial distances and are very permeable. Tunnel-boring-induced pneumatic disturbances have been propagated along these faults over distances that exceed 500 meters. These disturbances also have been detected in the pneumatic-pressure record of the overlying PTn in the vicinity of these faults. In spite of the apparent high permeability of faults, the existing data have neither confirmed nor refuted the hypothetical role of these faults in intercepting lateral flow from within or from above the PTn and diverting this flow downward into the deeper subsurface.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>On the basis of measured temperature gradients within the TSw, deep percolation appears to be greatest beneath active channels of major drainages, diminishing toward the margins and hillslopes bordering these channels. Numerical simulations indicate that this downward percolation is accompanied by lateral spreading as the percolation front moves downward through the PTn and across the contact between the PTn and underlying TSw. Temperature data from a well-documented site in Pagany Wash indicate the presence of a significant heat-flow deficit between the PTn and underlying TSw that most likely is due to nonconductive heat-flow processes with substantial capacity to extract heat. Percolation fluxes on the order of 10 to 20 millimeters per year beneath the Pagany Wash channel and on the order of 5 millimeters per year or less beneath the hillslopes bordering this drainage accounted for the apparent heat-flow deficit. Analyses of borehole temperature gradients in Drill Hole Wash indicate similar percolation fluxes and flux distributions within that drainage. An analysis of residence times estimated from uncorrected carbon-14 activities of perched-water samples and estimates for the volume of the structurally controlled reservoir, however, showed that the perched-water reservoir intersected by borehole UZ-14 under Drill Hole Wash could be sustained by percolation fluxes through the TSw of as little as 0.001 to 0.29 millimeter per year.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The significance and implications of these findings with respect to waste isolation are discussed in the appendix of this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survery","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/wri984050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy, under Interagency Agreement DE-AI08-97NV12033, Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000","usgsCitation":"Kwicklis, E.M., and Gillies, D.C., 1999, Hydrogeology of the unsaturated zone, North Ramp area of the Exploratory Studies Facility, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4050, xiii, 244 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984050.","productDescription":"xiii, 244 p.","numberOfPages":"260","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":687,"text":"Yucca Mountain Project Branch","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290197,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4050/report.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 11","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.31,33.19 ], [ -119.31,40.0 ], [ -113.0,40.0 ], [ -113.0,33.19 ], [ -119.31,33.19 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6842d7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rousseau, Joseph P.","contributorId":22030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rousseau","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504031,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwicklis, Edward M.","contributorId":25970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwicklis","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504032,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gillies, Daniel C.","contributorId":39824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillies","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504033,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kwicklis, Edward M.","contributorId":25970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwicklis","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillies, Daniel C.","contributorId":39824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillies","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":42962,"text":"ofr99559 - 1999 - Stratigraphic framework maps of the nearshore area of southern Long Island from Fire Island to Montauk Point, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:04","indexId":"ofr99559","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-559","title":"Stratigraphic framework maps of the nearshore area of southern Long Island from Fire Island to Montauk Point, New York","docAbstract":"The maps presented in this report (depth to Coastal Plain unconformity, Quaternary sediment thickness, paleochannel thickness, and modern sand thickness) are helpful for determining sand-resource availability for beach nourishment programs and understanding the influence that the inner-shelf framework of southern Long Island has on coastal processes and evolution. The maps showing structure of the Coastal Plain unconformity and thickness of overlying Quaternary sediment delineate the framework of the coastal region. The map showing the distribution and thickness of paleochannel fill indicates areas not suitable as sources for beach nourishment, assuming the channels contain muddy estuarine deposits. The areas between channels are Pleistocene glacial deposits and probably consist of coarse sediment that may be suitable for beach nourishment. These coarser-grained glacial deposits are the source for modern sand deposits. The modern sands have been reworked primarily from glacial deposits and a Cretaceous outcrop off Watch Hill. These reworked deposits provide well-sorted clean sand that have and will provide nourishment for southern Long Island beaches.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr99559","usgsCitation":"Foster, D.S., Swift, B.A., and Schwab, W.C., 1999, Stratigraphic framework maps of the nearshore area of southern Long Island from Fire Island to Montauk Point, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-559, 6 maps on 2 sheets :col. ;35 x 64 cm. or smaller, sheets 102 x 139 cm., folded to 26 x 22 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99559.","productDescription":"6 maps on 2 sheets :col. ;35 x 64 cm. or smaller, sheets 102 x 139 cm., folded to 26 x 22 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110065,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25678.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25678"},{"id":168935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3689,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of99-559","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, David S. 0000-0003-1205-0884 dfoster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0884","contributorId":1320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"David","email":"dfoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":227490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swift, B. Ann","contributorId":92685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":227491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":227489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30261,"text":"wri984215 - 1999 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Carrollton, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri984215","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4215","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Carrollton, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The alluvial aquifer near Carrollton, Kentucky, lies in a valley eroded by glacial meltwater that was later part filled with outwash sand and gravel deposits. The aquifer is unconfined, and ground water flows from the adjacent bedrock-valley wall toward the Ohio River and ground-water withdrawal wells. Ground-water-level and Ohio River stage data indicate the alluvial aquifer was at or near steady-state condition in November 1995.\r\nA two-dimensional, steady-state ground-water-flow model was developed to estimate the hydraulic properties, the rate of recharge, and the contributing areas to discharge boundaries for the Ohio River alluvial aquifer at Carrollton and the surrounding area. Results from previous investigations, available hydrogeologic data, and observations of water levels from area ground-water wells were compiled to conceptualize the ground-water-flow system and construct the numerical model. Ground water enters the modeled area by induced infiltration from the Ohio River and smaller streams, flow from the bedrock-valley wall, and infiltration of precipitation. Ground water exits the modeled area primarily through withdrawal wells and flow to the Ohio River. A sensitivity analysis of the model indicates that it is most sensitive to changes in the stage of the Ohio River and conductance values for the riverbed material. A particle-tracking simulation was used to delineate recharge and discharge boundaries of the flow system and contributing areas for withdrawal wells, and to estimate time of travel through the flow system. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ; Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Carroll County Water-Supply Board","usgsCitation":"Unthank, M.D., 1999, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Carrollton, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4215, iv, 48 p. (some folded) :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984215.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p. (some folded) :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_98_4215.gif"},{"id":14591,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4215/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685528","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unthank, Michael D. 0000-0003-2483-0431 munthank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-0431","contributorId":3902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unthank","given":"Michael","email":"munthank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29183,"text":"wri984216 - 1999 - Simulation of ground-water flow and movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface in the New Jersey coastal plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"wri984216","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4216","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow and movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface in the New Jersey coastal plain","docAbstract":"The confined aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain are sands that range in thickness from 50 to 600 feet and are separated by confining units. The confining units are composed of silts and clays that range in thickness from 500 to 1,000 feet. The aquifers are recharged by precipitation on their outcrop areas. This water then flows laterally downdip and vertically to the deeper confined aquifers. The confined aquifers ultimately discharge to the Raritan and Delaware Bays and to the Atlantic Ocean. \r\n\r\nIn 1988, ground-water withdrawals from confined and unconfined New Jersey Coastal Plain aquifers were approximately 345 million gallons per day, more than 75 percent of which was pumped from the confined aquifers. These withdrawals have created large cones of depression in several Coastal Plain aquifers near populated areas, particularly in Camden and Monmouth Counties. The continued decline of water levels in confined aquifers can cause saltwater intrusion, reduce stream discharge near the outcrop areas, and threaten the quality of the ground-water supply. \r\n\r\nSHARP, a quasi-three-dimensional finite-difference computer model that can simulate freshwater and saltwater flow, was used to simulate the ground-water flow system in the New Jersey Coastal Plain, including the location and movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface in nine aquifers and eight intervening confining units. The freshwater-saltwater interface is defined as the hypothetical line seaward of which the chloride concentration is equal to or greater than 10,000 milligrams per liter. Model simulations were used to estimate the location and movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface resulting from (1) eustatic sea-level changes over the past 84,000 years, (2) ground-water withdrawals from 1896 through 1988, (3) and future ground-water withdrawals from 1988 to 2040 from Coastal Plain aquifers. Simultion results showed that the location and movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface are more dependent on the historical sea level than on the stresses imposed on the flow system by ground-water withdrawals from the Coastal Plain aquifers from 1896 to 1988. \r\n\r\nResults of a predictive simulation in which pumpage from existing wells was increased by 30 percent indicate that additional withdrawals from each of the eight confined aquifers in the Coastal Plain would broaden and deepen the existing cones of depression and result in significant drawdowns from the 1988 potentiometric surfaces. Drawdowns of 30 feet were simulated at the center of the cone of depression in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers in Camden and Ocean Counties. Simulated drawdowns exceeded 80 feet at the center of the cone of depression in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel and Englishtown aquifers in Monmouth County. Drawdowns of 30 feet were simulated in the lower Kirkwood-Cohansey and confined Kirkwood aquifers in Cape May County. Simulation results showed that the increase in ground-water withdrawals would result in only minimal movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface by 2040, despite large drawdowns.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Branch of Information Services [distributor],","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984216","usgsCitation":"Pope, D.A., and Gordon, A.D., 1999, Simulation of ground-water flow and movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface in the New Jersey coastal plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4216, ix, 159 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984216.","productDescription":"ix, 159 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_98_4216.gif"},{"id":24407,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri98-4216/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"New Jersey Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.75,38.583333333333336 ], [ -75.75,40.916666666666664 ], [ -72,40.916666666666664 ], [ -72,38.583333333333336 ], [ -75.75,38.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49aee4b07f02db5c7f94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Daryll A. dpope@usgs.gov","contributorId":3796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Daryll","email":"dpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, Alison D. 0000-0002-9502-8633 agordon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-8633","contributorId":890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Alison","email":"agordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26071,"text":"wri994225 - 1999 - WTAQ: A Computer Program for Calculating Drawdowns and Estimating Hydraulic Properties for Confined and Water-Table Aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri994225","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4225","title":"WTAQ: A Computer Program for Calculating Drawdowns and Estimating Hydraulic Properties for Confined and Water-Table Aquifers","docAbstract":"The computer program WTAQ calculates hydraulic-head drawdowns in a confined or water-table aquifer that result from pumping at a well of finite or infinitesimal diameter. The program is based on an analytical model of axial-symmetric ground-water flow in a homogeneous and anisotropic aquifer. The program allows for well-bore storage and well-bore skin at the pumped well and for delayed drawdown response at an observation well; by including these factors, it is possible to accurately evaluate the specific storage of a water-table aquifer from early-time drawdown data in observation wells and piezometers. For water-table aquifers, the program allows for either delayed or instantaneous drainage from the unsaturated zone. WTAQ calculates dimensionless or dimensional theoretical drawdowns that can be used with measured drawdowns at observation points to estimate the hydraulic properties of confined and water-table aquifers. Three sample problems illustrate use of WTAQ for estimating horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity, specific storage, and specific yield of a water-table aquifer by type-curve methods and by an automatic parameter-estimation method.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994225","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., and Moench, A.F., 1999, WTAQ: A Computer Program for Calculating Drawdowns and Estimating Hydraulic Properties for Confined and Water-Table Aquifers: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4225, viii, 74 p. :ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994225.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p. :ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":327,"text":"Groundwater Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4225.jpg"},{"id":9420,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri99-4225/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bdd2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moench, Allen F. afmoench@usgs.gov","contributorId":3903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"Allen","email":"afmoench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29016,"text":"wri994259 - 1999 - User's guide to PHREEQC (Version 2): A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T19:45:14","indexId":"wri994259","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4259","title":"User's guide to PHREEQC (Version 2): A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations","docAbstract":"PHREEQC version 2 is a computer program written in the C programming language that is designed to perform a wide variety of low-temperature aqueous geochemical calculations. PHREEQC is based on an ion-association aqueous model and has capabilities for (1) speciation and saturation-index calculations; (2) batch-reaction and one-dimensional (1D) transport calculations involving reversible reactions, which include aqueous, mineral, gas, solid-solution, surface-complexation, and ion-exchange equilibria, and irreversible reactions, which include specified mole transfers of reactants, kinetically controlled reactions, mixing of solutions, and temperature changes; and (3) inverse modeling, which finds sets of mineral and gas mole transfers that account for differences in composition between waters, within specified compositional uncertainty limits.New features in PHREEQC version 2 relative to version 1 include capabilities to simulate dispersion (or diffusion) and stagnant zones in 1D-transport calculations, to model kinetic reactions with user-defined rate expressions, to model the formation or dissolution of ideal, multicomponent or nonideal, binary solid solutions, to model fixed-volume gas phases in addition to fixed-pressure gas phases, to allow the number of surface or exchange sites to vary with the dissolution or precipitation of minerals or kinetic reactants, to include isotope mole balances in inverse modeling calculations, to automatically use multiple sets of convergence parameters, to print user-defined quantities to the primary output file and (or) to a file suitable for importation into a spreadsheet, and to define solution compositions in a format more compatible with spreadsheet programs. This report presents the equations that are the basis for chemical equilibrium, kinetic, transport, and inverse-modeling calculations in PHREEQC; describes the input for the program; and presents examples that demonstrate most of the program's capabilities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994259","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., and Appelo, C., 1999, User's guide to PHREEQC (Version 2): A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4259, xiv, 312 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994259.","productDescription":"xiv, 312 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4259/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57881,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4259/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603e69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Appelo, C.A.J.","contributorId":106539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appelo","given":"C.A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28796,"text":"wri994178 - 1999 - Biological assessment of the lower Boise River, October 1995 through January 1998, Ada and Canyon Counties, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-09T20:49:40","indexId":"wri994178","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4178","title":"Biological assessment of the lower Boise River, October 1995 through January 1998, Ada and Canyon Counties, Idaho","docAbstract":"The lower Boise River, between Lucky Peak Dam and the mouth of the river near Parma, Idaho, is adversely affected by various land- and water-use activities. To assess the biotic integrity of the river and the effects of environmental perturbations on aquatic community structure, and to provide a baseline from which to identify future changes in habitat conditions, biological data were collected from October 1995 through January 1998 and evaluated using protocols developed for the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Aquatic biological communities were sampled according to the following schedule: epilithic periphyton were collected in October 1995, October 1996, and August 1997; benthic macroinvertebrates were collected in October 1995, 1996, and 1997; and fish were collected in December 1996 and August 1997. Qualitative measurements of instream and riparian habitat indicated an overall decrease in instream habitat quality in a downstream direction. Embeddedness was high at all sites but was lower at the Eckert Road site than at the downstream sites near Middleton and Parma. Silt/sand substrate increased from 17 percent at the Eckert Road site to 49 percent near the mouth of the river. The Eckert Road site had a mix of geomorphic channel units (pool/riffle/run), whereas the Middleton and Parma sites were dominated by runs with very little pool or riffle habitat. Epilithic periphyton chlorophyll-<i>a</i> and ashfree dry weight values tended to increase downstream to the Middleton site and decrease from Middleton to the downstream sites near Caldwell and near Parma. Benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) scores for macroinvertebrates collected in 1995, 1996, and 1997 were highest at the Eckert Road site and decreased at sites downstream. IBI scores for fish collected in 1996 were similar at the Glenwood Bridge and Middleton sites (17 and 16, respectively) and were indicative of a low to moderate level of disturbance. In contrast, the IBI score of 6 at the site near Parma was markedly lower and was indicative of more degraded conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994178","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Division of Environmental Quality and Lower Boise River Water Quality Plan, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Mullins, W.H., 1999, Biological assessment of the lower Boise River, October 1995 through January 1998, Ada and Canyon Counties, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4178, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994178.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"43","temporalStart":"1995-10-01","temporalEnd":"1998-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262335,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4178/report.pdf"},{"id":262336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4178/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Canyon;Ada","city":"Parma;Cladwell;Boise;Middleton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0416,43.1951 ], [ -117.0416,43.999 ], [ -115.7999,43.999 ], [ -115.7999,43.1951 ], [ -117.0416,43.1951 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db62352b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullins, William H.","contributorId":9303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}