This review of selected segments of the stream-gaging network of Brazil was undertaken by the writer in March and April, 1973, pursuant to an agreement between Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais (CPRM) and Centrais Eletricas Brasileiras S.A. (ELETROBRAS) as a part of the cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and CPRM under the auspices of the Ministerio das Minas e Energia (MME) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Its primary purpose is to provide an evaluation of the adequacy of streamflow data on streams which are being considered for or are already being utilized for hydroelectric power sources. Some comments are included pertaining to the general coverage hydrologic network. These comments were generated by the examination of the streamflow data useful for power purposes because all gaging stations form a part of the total network for hydrologic investigations. Present plans are that the entire network will eventually be operated by or under the jurisdiction of the MME through the Departamento National de Aguas e Energia Eletrica (DNAEE).
Brazil is a large country, larger than the conterminous United States, and it has been engaged in hydrologic investigations for more than 50 years. The network has been maintained by Federal agencies, State agencies, power companies, and consulting firms and until recently no organizational mechanism existed to coordinate the various activities or to establish uniform standards of data collection, computation, and publication.
It is estimated that stage and/or discharge data have been collected at 2,500 or more sites in Brazil. Because there has been no centralized publication system, it has not been possible to locate with assurance all measurement sites or to ascertain precisely the types and quality of the data collected or available.
For these reasons the suggestions outlined in this report are expected to be modified on the basis of local need and site information, which may not have been evident at the time of the review. For example, specific suggestions have been made to discontinue some stations which appear superfluous or which essentially duplicate other stations. In other instances additions to the network have been proposed. There may be reasons for the continued operation of a given station which cannot be discerned from the available literature. Also coverage may have been established in an area but the evidence has not yet appeared in print. DEAEE is currently (1973) working diligently to overcome a backlog of data computation and publication. Brazil is currently developing at a rapid rate with electric power demands increasing at a 12% annually, a reflection of the tremendous growth of the economy. With this rate of increase likely to continue for the foreseable future, it goes without saying that hydrologic information needed tomorrow must be collected today.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74357","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy National Department of Water and Electrical Energy under the auspices of the United States Agency for International Development","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, F.T., 1974, Streamflow measurement network review for hydroelectric power applications in Brazil: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-357, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74357.","productDescription":"63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0357/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":419982,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0357/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Brazil","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.5719146888472,\n 3.7969492210477824\n ],\n [\n -74.5719146888472,\n -33.611048620406706\n ],\n [\n -27.13000244975086,\n -33.611048620406706\n ],\n [\n -27.13000244975086,\n 3.7969492210477824\n ],\n [\n -74.5719146888472,\n 3.7969492210477824\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaefer, Francis T.","contributorId":48184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15868,"text":"ofr7485 - 1974 - Project evaluation of \"investigation and analysis of floods from small drainage areas New Mexico\"; a progress report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:12","indexId":"ofr7485","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-85","title":"Project evaluation of \"investigation and analysis of floods from small drainage areas New Mexico\"; a progress report","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[s.n.],","doi":"10.3133/ofr7485","usgsCitation":"Scott, A.G., 1974, Project evaluation of \"investigation and analysis of floods from small drainage areas New Mexico\"; a progress report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-85, 57 leaves :maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7485.","productDescription":"57 leaves :maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95340,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0085/report.pdf","size":"17874","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0085/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dbb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Arthur G.","contributorId":81885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15906,"text":"ofr74301 - 1974 - Geology of the Voinjama quadrangle, Liberia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15906,"text":"ofr74301 - 1974 - Geology of the Voinjama quadrangle, Liberia","indexId":"ofr74301","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Voinjama quadrangle, Liberia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67096,"text":"i771D - 1977 - Geologic map of the Voinjama Quadrangle, Liberia","indexId":"i771D","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geologic map of the Voinjama Quadrangle, Liberia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":67096,"text":"i771D - 1977 - Geologic map of the Voinjama Quadrangle, Liberia","indexId":"i771D","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Voinjama Quadrangle, Liberia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-05T20:07:15.409605","indexId":"ofr74301","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-301","title":"Geology of the Voinjama quadrangle, Liberia","docAbstract":"As part of a program undertaken cooperatively by the Liberian Geological Survey (LGS) and the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), under the sponsorship of the Government of Liberia and the Agency for International Development, U. S. Department of State, Liberia was mapped by geologic and geophysical methods during the period 1965 to 1972. The resulting geologic and geophysical maps are published in ten folios, each covering one quadrangle (see index map). The Voinjama quadrangle was mapped by eleven geologists who worked in different areas at various tines (see inset map). Compilation of field data, interpretation of geophysical data, interpretation of aerial photographs, and field checks by helicopter and motor vehicle traverse were the responsibility of J. F. Seitz.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74109","usgsCitation":"McGrew, L.W., 1974, Geologic map of the Sixteen NE Quadrangle, Gallatin, Meagher, and Park counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-109, 1 Plate: 33.15 x 27.34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74109.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 33.15 x 27.34 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407316,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0109/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0109/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Gallatin County, Meagher County, Park County","otherGeospatial":"Sixteen NE Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.86749999999999,46.1175 ], [ -110.86749999999999,46.25 ], [ -110.75,46.25 ], [ -110.75,46.1175 ], [ -110.86749999999999,46.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b4b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGrew, Laura W.","contributorId":102893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrew","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14543,"text":"ofr74311 - 1974 - Geology of the Karalar-Yesiler area, northwest Anatolia, Turkey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:47","indexId":"ofr74311","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-311","title":"Geology of the Karalar-Yesiler area, northwest Anatolia, Turkey","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr74311","usgsCitation":"Krushensky, R., Akcay, Y., and Karaege, E., 1974, Geology of the Karalar-Yesiler area, northwest Anatolia, Turkey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-311, v, 126 leaves, 2 sheets :27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74311.","productDescription":"v, 126 leaves, 2 sheets :27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0311/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43221,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0311/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67fc54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krushensky, R.D.","contributorId":94648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krushensky","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akcay, Yavuz","contributorId":79487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akcay","given":"Yavuz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karaege, Erdogan","contributorId":17246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karaege","given":"Erdogan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":16683,"text":"ofr74221 - 1974 - Geothermal investigations in Idaho, Part 2, An evaluation of thermal water in the Bruneau-Grand View area, southwest Idaho, with a section on a reconnaissance audio-magnetotelluric survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-18T22:35:13.316971","indexId":"ofr74221","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-221","title":"Geothermal investigations in Idaho, Part 2, An evaluation of thermal water in the Bruneau-Grand View area, southwest Idaho, with a section on a reconnaissance audio-magnetotelluric survey","docAbstract":"The Bruneau-Grand View area occupies about 1,100 square miles in southwest Idaho and is on the southern flank of the large depression (possibly a graben) in which lies the western Snake River Plain. The igneous and sedimentary rocks in the area range in age from Late Cretaceous to Holocene. They are transected by a prominent system of northwest-trending faults. For discussion purposes, the aquifers in the area have been separated into two broad units: (1) the volcanic-rock aquifers, and (2) the overlying sedimentary-rock aquifers. The Idavada Volcanics or underlying rock units probably constitute the reservoir that contains thermal water.\r\n\r\nAn audio-magnetotelluric survey indicates that a large conductive zone having apparent resistivities approaching 2 ohm-metres underlies a part of the area at a relatively shallow depth.\r\n\r\nChemical analysis of 94 water samples collected in 1973 show that the thermal waters in the area are of a sodium bicarbonate type. Although dissolved-solids concentrations of water ranged from 181 to 1,100 milligrams per litre (mg/l) in the volcanic-rock aquifers, they were generally less than 500 mg/l. Measured chloride concentrations of water in the volcanic-rock aquifers were less than 20 mg/l.\r\n\r\nTemperatures of water from wells and springs ranged from 9.5 to 83.0 degrees C. Temperatures of water from the volcanic-rock aquifers ranged from 40.0 to 83.0 degrees C, whereas temperatures of water from the sedimentary-rock aquifers seldom exceeded 35 degrees C. Aquifer temperatures at depth, as estimated by silica and sodium-potassium-calcium geochemical thermometers, probably do not exceed 150 degrees C. However, a mixed-water geochemical thermometer indicates that temperatures at depth may exceed 180 degrees C.\r\n\r\nThe gas in water from the volcanic-rock aquifers is composed chiefly of atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen. Methane gas (probably derived from organic material) was also found in some water from the sedimentary-rock aquifers.\r\n\r\nThe thermal waters in the area are believed to be heated by deep circulation in a zone of high geothermal gradient resulting from thinning of the earth?s crust.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74221","usgsCitation":"Young, H., Whitehead, R., Hoover, D.B., and Tippens, C.L., 1974, Geothermal investigations in Idaho, Part 2, An evaluation of thermal water in the Bruneau-Grand View area, southwest Idaho, with a section on a reconnaissance audio-magnetotelluric survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-221, Report: 147 p.; 5 Plates: 34.74 × 23.89 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74221.","productDescription":"Report: 147 p.; 5 Plates: 34.74 × 23.89 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":45760,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45759,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0221/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45758,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0221/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45757,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0221/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45756,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0221/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45755,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0221/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":391899,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15032.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Bruneau - Grand View area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.505,\n 42.568\n ],\n [\n -115.541,\n 42.568\n ],\n [\n -115.541,\n 43.176\n ],\n [\n -116.505,\n 43.176\n ],\n [\n -116.505,\n 42.568\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b01b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, H.W.","contributorId":68278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitehead, R.L.","contributorId":34891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoover, Donald B.","contributorId":89877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tippens, C. L.","contributorId":8471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tippens","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":16606,"text":"ofr74312 - 1974 - A possible concealed pluton in Beaverhead and Madison Counties, Montana, and Clark County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:17","indexId":"ofr74312","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-312","title":"A possible concealed pluton in Beaverhead and Madison Counties, Montana, and Clark County, Idaho","docAbstract":"A northeast-trending magnetic anomaly in parts of Beaverhead and Madison Counties, Mont., and Clark County, Idaho, may reflect the trend, shape, and size of a concealed pluton. The type of rock that forms the pluton(?) is unknown. A small volcanic pipe, possibly a diatreme, is at the southeast end of the high. The pipe, about 92 m (300 ft) in diameter, consists of a rubbly basalt-like matrix through which are scattered xenoliths of Precambrian crystalline rocks and of various Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata. It is uncertain whether the juxtaposition of the pipe and the magnetic high is meaningful or is merely fortuitous. Although no mineralized rock was found in the area underlain by the anomaly, placer gold has been found nearby. Some 113 km (70 mi) to the west, in Custer and Lemhi Counties, Idaho, a similar northeast-trending magnetic high marks the site of the Gilmore mining district. The similarities in trend, shape, and magnitude between the two anomalies suggest that the high in Beaverhead and Madison Counties should be investigated for undetected mineral deposits, possibly by a geochemical survey.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr74312","usgsCitation":"Witkind, I.J., 1974, A possible concealed pluton in Beaverhead and Madison Counties, Montana, and Clark County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-312, 1, 7 [i.e. 8] leaves :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74312.","productDescription":"1, 7 [i.e. 8] leaves :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0312/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45615,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0312/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab681","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witkind, Irving Jerome","contributorId":87517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkind","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerome","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13306,"text":"ofr7477 - 1974 - Concentration and mineralogical residence of elements in rich oil shales of the Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, and the Uinta Basin, Utah; a preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-05T20:09:10.97216","indexId":"ofr7477","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-77","title":"Concentration and mineralogical residence of elements in rich oil shales of the Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, and the Uinta Basin, Utah; a preliminary report","docAbstract":"Ten core samples of two rich oil-shale beds from the Parachute Creek Member of the Eocene Green River Formation, Piceance Creek basin, Colorado, and Uinta Basin, Utah, were analyzed for 34 major, minor, and trace elements. For 23 of these elements, principal mineralogical residence is established or suggested. Such studies of distribution and mineralogical residence provide important data for predicting the kinds and amounts of elements and compounds--some possibly harmful-that might he released into the environment by oil-shale mining operations. However, because of the many variables involved, no attempt is made to discuss these results in terms of any of the various retorting methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7477","usgsCitation":"Desborough, G.A., Pitman, J.K., and Huffman, C., 1974, Concentration and mineralogical residence of elements in rich oil shales of the Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, and the Uinta Basin, Utah; a preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-77, i, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7477.","productDescription":"i, 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420519,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0077/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Creek Basin, Uinta Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.59517625809924,\n 40.39406626180252\n ],\n [\n -110.59517625809924,\n 39.3022657616996\n ],\n [\n -107.91562545296414,\n 39.3022657616996\n ],\n [\n -107.91562545296414,\n 40.39406626180252\n ],\n [\n -110.59517625809924,\n 40.39406626180252\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a61ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Desborough, George A.","contributorId":101661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":167575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huffman, Claude Jr.","contributorId":14877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Claude","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":14429,"text":"ofr7450 - 1974 - Regional topography, physiography, and geology of the Northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:58","indexId":"ofr7450","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-50","title":"Regional topography, physiography, and geology of the Northern Great Plains","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr7450","usgsCitation":"Keefer, W.R., 1974, Regional topography, physiography, and geology of the Northern Great Plains: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-50, 18 leaves :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7450.","productDescription":"18 leaves :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95268,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0050/plate-1.pdf","size":"9495","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95269,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0050/plate-2.pdf","size":"6861","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95270,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0050/plate-3.pdf","size":"6930","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95271,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0050/plate-4.pdf","size":"7267","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0050/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43105,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0050/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db613192","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, William Richard","contributorId":12024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13329,"text":"ofr74193 - 1974 - East African seminar/workshop trip report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-16T22:13:02.647315","indexId":"ofr74193","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-193","title":"East African seminar/workshop trip report","docAbstract":"Reports activities of U.S.G.S project leader and officer of AID sponsor, in Kenya, on trip made for preparation of plans for conduct of a East Africa Seminar/Workshop on applications of remote sensing and especially ERTS-1 data to resources analysis and management. Activities included orientation of officials of Kenyan agencies responsible for natural resources development and management, foreign affairs, finance and planning, of the University of Nairobi, of US AID and USGS resident in Kenya, the planning for use of facilities and other support by the Government of Kenya, the development of a schedule for the Seminar/Workshop and an agenda.
The ERTS Data Collection System makes it feasible for the first time to monitor the level of activity at widely separated volcanoes and to relay these data rapidly to one central office for analysis. This capability opens a new era in volcanology where the hundreds of normally quiescent but potentially dangerous volcanoes near populated regions around the world can be economically and reliably monitored daily to warn when any one volcano is becoming active again. Before ERTS was launched only a few volcanoes in the world were monitored continuously because of the high cost of building and staffing volcano observatories. Yet it is known from data collected in this century, that while visible signs of pending eruptions may occur only minutes to days in advance, invisible but measurable signs may be detected days, weeks, months and even years before a major eruption. While prediction of specific eruptions is still an elusive goal, early warning of a reawakening of activity at quiescent volcanoes is now a distinct possibility.
A prototype volcano surveillance system was established during the latter part of 1972 and early 1973 on 15 volcanoes in Alaska, Hawaii, Washington, California, Iceland, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. Nineteen seismic detectors that count four different sizes of earthquakes and six biaxial borehole tiltmeters that measure ground tilt with a resolution of 1 microradian have been installed. Data from these instruments are relayed through the ERTS satellite and through a teletype link to the U.S. Geological Survey Office in Menlo Park for rapid analysis. Only seismic and tilt data are collected because these have been shown in the past to indicate most reliably the level of volcanic activity and also because they can be measured relatively easily with available instrumentation. Experience during this project demonstrates the feasibility of building inexpensive, low power, reliable instruments that can be installed in remote locations and can be expected to run unattended for a few years.
Comparison of the data from these new earthquake counters with data from nearby standard seismometers shows that the counters do normally indicate the level of seismic activity. During periods of high seismic background noise there may be a significant number of spurious counts but the existence and duration of such noisy periods are reliably indicated by other data collected by the earthquake counters. An eruption of Volcan Fuego in Guatemala was preceded by an order of magnitude increase in the number of seismic-event counts several days before.
The tiltmeters operated stably in several different environments. A twenty-microradian collapse of the summit of Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii was observed on three tiltmeters.
This initial experiment shows that now with the advent of inexpensive satellite telemetry it is both technologically and economically feasible to build a global volcano surveillance system. Several details in the design and deployment of appropriate low-power, inexpensive, and reliable instruments still need to be worked out. Work continues to evaluate the scientific feasibility of this system by collecting and analyzing data that clearly demonstrate the ability of this system to detect changes in volcanic activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74124","usgsCitation":"Ward, P.L., Endo, E.T., Harlow, D.H., Allen, R., Marquez, D., and Eaton, J.P., 1974, Development and evaluation of a prototype global volcanic surveillance system utilizing the ERTS-1 satellite data collection system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-124, ii, 154 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74124.","productDescription":"ii, 154 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0124/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":425768,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66727f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Peter L.","contributorId":86324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Endo, Elliot T.","contributorId":10439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endo","given":"Elliot","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harlow, David H.","contributorId":15198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Rex","contributorId":42227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Rex","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marquez, Dan","contributorId":99158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marquez","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eaton, Jerry P.","contributorId":22341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":16424,"text":"ofr74302 - 1974 - Geology of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16424,"text":"ofr74302 - 1974 - Geology of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia","indexId":"ofr74302","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67349,"text":"i772D - 1977 - Geologic map of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia","indexId":"i772D","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geologic map of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":67349,"text":"i772D - 1977 - Geologic map of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia","indexId":"i772D","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T16:53:14","indexId":"ofr74302","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-302","title":"Geology of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia","docAbstract":"As part of a program undertaken cooperatively by the Liberian Geological Survey (LGS) and the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), under the sponsorship of the Government of Liberia and the Agency for International Development, U. S. Department of State, Liberia was mapped by geologic and geophysical methods during the period 1965 to 1972. The resulting:geologic and geophysical maps are published in ten folios, each covering one quadrangle (see index map). The Bopolu quadrangle was systematically mapped by the author in late 1970. Field data provided by private companies and other members of the LGS-USGS project were used in map compilation, and are hereby acknowledged. Limited gravity data (Behrendt and Wotorson, in press ), and total-intensity aeromagnetic and total-count gamma radiation surveys (Behrendt and Wotorson, 1974, a and b) were also used in compilation, as were other unpublished geophysical data (near-surface, regional magnetic component, and geologic correlations based on aeromagnetic and radiometric characteristics) furnished by Behrendt and Wotorson.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74302","usgsCitation":"Wallace, R.M., 1974, Geology of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-302, Report: 13 p.; 1 Plate: 38.65 x 24.04 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74302.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 1 Plate: 38.65 x 24.04 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0302/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":350591,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0302/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350592,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0302/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"Liberia","otherGeospatial":"Bopolu Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -11.4,\n 7\n ],\n [\n -10,\n 7\n ],\n [\n -10,\n 8\n ],\n [\n -11.4,\n 8\n ],\n [\n -11.4,\n 7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6833d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, Roberts Manning","contributorId":22372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Roberts","email":"","middleInitial":"Manning","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16417,"text":"ofr741121 - 1974 - Some implications of late Cenozoic volcanism to geothermal potential in the High Lava Plains of south-central Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:13","indexId":"ofr741121","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-1121","title":"Some implications of late Cenozoic volcanism to geothermal potential in the High Lava Plains of south-central Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr741121","usgsCitation":"Walker, G.W., 1974, Some implications of late Cenozoic volcanism to geothermal potential in the High Lava Plains of south-central Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-1121, 14 p. :2 maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr741121.","productDescription":"14 p. :2 maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4de2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, George Walton","contributorId":14801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Walton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16390,"text":"ofr741118 - 1974 - Surficial geologic map of the Holliston quadrangle, Middlesex, Norfolk, and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16390,"text":"ofr741118 - 1974 - Surficial geologic map of the Holliston quadrangle, Middlesex, Norfolk, and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts","indexId":"ofr741118","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Surficial geologic map of the Holliston quadrangle, Middlesex, Norfolk, and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":61904,"text":"gq1217 - 1975 - Surficial geologic map of the Holliston quadrangle, Middlesex, Norfolk, and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts","indexId":"gq1217","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Surficial geologic map of the Holliston quadrangle, Middlesex, Norfolk, and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":61904,"text":"gq1217 - 1975 - Surficial geologic map of the Holliston quadrangle, Middlesex, Norfolk, and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts","indexId":"gq1217","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Surficial geologic map of the Holliston quadrangle, Middlesex, Norfolk, and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:02","indexId":"ofr741118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-1118","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Holliston quadrangle, Middlesex, Norfolk, and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr741118","usgsCitation":"Volckmann, R.P., 1974, Surficial geologic map of the Holliston quadrangle, Middlesex, Norfolk, and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-1118, i, 18 leaves :folded ill., folded col. map ;28 cm.; (20 p. - 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1977 - Geologic map of the Juazohn Quadrangle, Liberia","indexId":"i779D","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geologic map of the Juazohn Quadrangle, Liberia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":67279,"text":"i779D - 1977 - Geologic map of the Juazohn Quadrangle, Liberia","indexId":"i779D","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Juazohn Quadrangle, Liberia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T19:17:01.659937","indexId":"ofr74309","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-309","title":"Geology of the Juazohn Quadrangle, Liberia","docAbstract":"As part of a program undertaken cooperatively by the Liberian Geological Survey (LGS) and the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), under the sponsorship of the Government of Liberia and the Agency for International Development, U. S. Department of State, Liberia was mapped by geologic and geophysical methods during the period 1965 to 1972. The resulting geologic and geophysical maps are published in ten folios, each covering one quadrangle (see index map). The Juazohn quadrangle was systematically mapped by the author from December 1970 to June 1972. Field data provided by private companies and other members of the LGS-USGS project were used in map compilation, and are hereby acknowledged.
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