The pumping of large amounts of ground water in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas, has resulted in water-level declines of as much as 200 feet (61 metres) in wells completed in the Chicot aquifer and as much as 325 feet (99 metres) in wells completed in the Evangeline aquifer during 1943-73. The maximum annual rates of decline for 1943-73 were 6.7 feet (2.0 metres) in the Chicot aquifer and 10.8 feet (3.3 metres) in the Evangeline aquifer. During 1964-73, the maximum rates were 10 feet (3.0 metres) in the Chicot and 17.8 feet (5.4 metres) in the Evangeline. The declines in artesian pressures have resulted in pronounced regional subsidence of the land surface.
The center of subsidence is at Pasadena, where as much as 7.5 feet (2.3 metres) of subsidence occurred between 1943 and 1973. More than 1.0 foot (0.3 metre) of subsidence occurred at Pasadena between 1906 and 1943. The maximum amount of subsidence during 1964-73 was about 3.5 feet (1.1 metres).
In the southern part of Harris County, about 55 percent of the subsidence is a result of compaction in the Chicot aquifer. The area in which subsidence is 1 foot (0.3 metre) or more has increased from about 350 square miles (906 square kilometres) in 1954 to about 2,500 square miles (6,475 square kilometres) in 1973.
Estimates of subsidence are based on the amount of water-level decline, the thickness of the clay, and the compressibility of the clay. At Seabrook, it is estimated that for each 1 foot (0.3 metre) of average water-level decline, 1 foot (0.3 metre) of clay would compact 0.000031 foot (0.00094 centimetre). At Seabrook, for 1 foot (0.3 metre) of water-level decline, 0.0248 foot (0.756 centimetre) of subsidence would occur.
Planned use of surface water instead of ground water will probably result in some recovery of artesian pressures. If pressure recovery occurs the rate of subsidence should decrease substantially in the more critical areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board and the cities of Houston and Galveston","usgsCitation":"Gabrysch, R., and Bonnet, C., 1974, Land-surface subsidence in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-123, iii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74123.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":146822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0123/report-thmb.jpg"},{"id":420739,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0123/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Galveston, Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.75589219460284,\n 30.32996230202275\n ],\n [\n -95.75589219460284,\n 29.23869471186177\n ],\n [\n -94.67969378429146,\n 29.23869471186177\n ],\n [\n -94.67969378429146,\n 30.32996230202275\n ],\n [\n -95.75589219460284,\n 30.32996230202275\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gabrysch, R.K.","contributorId":105691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabrysch","given":"R.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonnet, C.W.","contributorId":44535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonnet","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15326,"text":"ofr74344 - 1974 - Storage of low-level radioactive wastes in the ground; hydrogeologic and hydrochemical factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:48","indexId":"ofr74344","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-344","title":"Storage of low-level radioactive wastes in the ground; hydrogeologic and hydrochemical factors","docAbstract":"The status of mathematical simulation techniques, as they apply to radioactive waste burial sites, is briefly reviewed, and hydrogeologic and hydrochemical data needs are listed in order of increasing difficulty and cost of acquisition. Predictive modeling, monitoring, and management of radionuclides dissolved and transported by ground water can best be done for sites in relatively simple hydrogeologic settings; namely, in unfaulted relatively flat-lying strata of intermediate permeability such as silt, siltstone and silty sandstone. In contrast, dense fractured or soluble media, and poorly permeable porous media (aquitards) are not suitable for use as burial sites, first because of media heterogeneity and difficulties of sampling, and consequently of predictive modeling, and second, because in humid zones burial trenches in aquitards may overflow. A buffer zone several thousands of feet to perhaps several miles around existing or proposed sites is a mandatory consequence of the site selection criteria. As a specific example, the Maxey Flats, Kentucky low-level waste disposal site is examined. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr74344","usgsCitation":"Papadopulos, S.S., and Winograd, I.J., 1974, Storage of low-level radioactive wastes in the ground; hydrogeologic and hydrochemical factors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-344, iv, 49 leaves :maps ;27 cm.; (51 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74344.","productDescription":"iv, 49 leaves :maps ;27 cm.; (51 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0344/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44256,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0344/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b30e4b07f02db6b40b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papadopulos, Stavros Stefanu","contributorId":31399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papadopulos","given":"Stavros","email":"","middleInitial":"Stefanu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winograd, Isaac Judah","contributorId":9233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"Isaac","email":"","middleInitial":"Judah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15108,"text":"ofr74239 - 1974 - Volcanic hazards on the Island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T17:29:19.888457","indexId":"ofr74239","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-239","title":"Volcanic hazards on the Island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"Volcanic hazards on the Island of Hawaii have been determined to be chiefly products of eruptions: lava flows, falling fragments, gases, and particle-and-gas clouds. Falling fragments and particle-and-gas clouds can be substantial hazards to life, but they are relatively rare. Lava flows are the chief hazard to property; they are frequent and cover broad areas. Rupture, subsidence, earthquakes, and sea waves (tsunamis) caused by eruptions are minor hazards; those same events caused by large-scale crustal movements, however, are major hazards to both life and property. \r\n\r\nVolcanic hazards are greatest on Mauna Loa and Kilauea, and the risk is highest along the rift zones of those volcanoes. The hazards are progressively less severe on Hualalai, Mauna Kea, and Kohala volcanoes. Some risk from earthquakes extends across the entire island, and the risk from tsunamis is high all along the coast. \r\n\r\nThe island has been divided into geographic zones of different relative risk for each volcanic hazard, and for all those hazards combined. Each zone is assigned a relative risk for that area as a whole; the degree of risk varies within the zones, however, and in some of them the risk decreases gradationally across the entire zone. Moreover, the risk in one zone may be locally as great or greater than that at some points in the zone of next higher overall risk. Nevertheless, the zones can be highly useful for land-use planning. \r\n\r\nPlanning decisions to which the report is particularly applicable include the selection of kinds of structures and kinds of land use that are appropriate for the severity and types of hazards present. For example, construction of buildings that can resist a lava flow is generally not feasible, but it is both feasible and desirable to build structures that can resist falling rock fragments, earthquakes, and tsunamis in areas where risk from those hazards is relatively high. The report can also be used to select sites where overall risk is relatively low, to identify sites where either overall risk or risk from some specific hazard is relatively high, and to identify areas in which there is a threat to lives as well as to property. The report further can serve as a basis for warning persons about hazards in areas most likely to be affected by volcanic eruptions. Perhaps most important, however, the report provides basic information needed for zoning to control future land use.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74239","usgsCitation":"Mullineaux, D.R., and Peterson, D.W., 1974, Volcanic hazards on the Island of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-239, Report: ii, 61 p.; 2 Plates: 45.44 x 27.41 inches and 45.52 x 36.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74239.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 61 p.; 2 Plates: 45.44 x 27.41 inches and 45.52 x 36.01 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":44034,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0239/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44033,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0239/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44032,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0239/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0239/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.4453125,\n 18.8335153964335\n ],\n [\n -154.66552734375,\n 18.8335153964335\n ],\n [\n -154.66552734375,\n 20.46818922264095\n ],\n [\n -156.4453125,\n 20.46818922264095\n ],\n [\n -156.4453125,\n 18.8335153964335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e482ae4b07f02db4e762b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullineaux, Donal Ray","contributorId":31759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullineaux","given":"Donal","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Donald W.","contributorId":11209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16663,"text":"ofr743 - 1974 - Procedure for processing analog strip-chart records from creepmeters and strainmeters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T18:46:04.375424","indexId":"ofr743","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-3","title":"Procedure for processing analog strip-chart records from creepmeters and strainmeters","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr743","usgsCitation":"Yamashita, P., Goodreau, D., and Jones, A., 1974, Procedure for processing analog strip-chart records from creepmeters and strainmeters: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-3, iii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr743.","productDescription":"iii, 78 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":493365,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6609e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yamashita, P.A.","contributorId":50536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamashita","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodreau, D.D.","contributorId":46547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodreau","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, A.C.","contributorId":26302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":13203,"text":"ofr74136 - 1974 - Water supply at Painted Canyon Overlook, Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park (South Unit), southwestern North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T14:12:21","indexId":"ofr74136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-136","title":"Water supply at Painted Canyon Overlook, Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park (South Unit), southwestern North Dakota","docAbstract":"A 1,930-foot (588-metre) water-supply well was constructed at the Painted Canyon Overlook, Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park (South Unit), southwestern North Dakota. Aquifers underlying the site are in rocks of Late Cretaceous and Tertiary age. These rocks have an aggreqate thickness of about 2,000 feet (610 metres). The well screen is set in the Fox Hills Sandstone of Late Cretaceous age. The formation consists of about 200 feet (61 metres) of interbedded marine sandstone, siltstone, and claystone. The sandstone is very fine to fine grained.
The well was pumped for 24 hours w·ith a submersible pump at rates from 72 to 77 gallons per minu t e (4.5 to 4.9 litres per second) and had a specific capacity of about 0.4 gallon per minute per foot (0.08 litre per second per metre). The water was a sodium bicarbonate type and contained 1,050 milligrams per litre dissolved solids.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74136","usgsCitation":"Croft, M., 1974, Water supply at Painted Canyon Overlook, Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park (South Unit), southwestern North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-136, Report: iv, 35 p.; 3 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74136.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 35 p.; 3 Plates","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95111,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0136/report.pdf","size":"11870","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95112,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0136/plate-1.pdf","size":"15644","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95113,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0136/plate-2.pdf","size":"14420","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95114,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0136/plate-3.pdf","size":"1085","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0136/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f014c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croft, M.G.","contributorId":55413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croft","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16671,"text":"ofr7453 - 1974 - Reconnaissance engineering geology of Sitka and vicinity, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:17","indexId":"ofr7453","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-53","title":"Reconnaissance engineering geology of Sitka and vicinity, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards","docAbstract":"A program to study the engineering geology of most of the larger Alaska coastal communities and to evaluate their earthquake and other geologic hazards was started following the 1964 Alaska earthquake; this report about Sitka and vicinity is a product of that program. Field-study methods were of a reconnaissance nature, and thus the interpretations in the report are subject to revision as further information becomes available. This report can provide broad geologic guidelines for planners and engineers during preparation of land-use plans. The use of this information should lead to minimizing future loss of life and property due to geologic hazards, especially during very large earthquakes. \r\n\r\nLandscape of Sitka and surrounding area is characterized by numerous islands and a narrow strip of gently rolling ground adjacent to rugged mountains; steep valleys and some fiords cut sharply into the mountains. A few valley floors are wide and flat and grade into moderate-sized deltas. \r\n\r\nGlaciers throughout southeastern Alaska and elsewhere became vastly enlarged during the Pleistocene Epoch. The Sitka area presumably was covered by ice several times; glaciers deeply eroded some valleys and removed fractured bedrock along some faults. The last major deglaciation occurred sometime before 10,000 years ago. Crustal rebound believed to be related to glacial melting caused land emergence at Sitka of at least 35 feet (10.7 m) relative to present sea level. \r\n\r\nBedrock at Sitka and vicinity is composed mostly of bedded, hard, dense graywacke and some argillite. Beds strike predominantly northwest and are vertical or steeply dipping. Locally, bedded rocks are cut by dikes of fine-grained igneous rock. Host bedrock is of Jurassic and Cretaceous age. \r\n\r\nEight types of surficial deposits of Quaternary age were recognized. Below altitudes of 3S feet (10.7 m), the dominant deposits are those of modern and elevated shores and deltas; at higher altitudes, widespread muskeg overlies a mantle of volcanic ash which commonly overlies glacial drift. Alluvial deposits are minor. Man-emplaced embankment fill, chiefly sandy gravel, covers many muskeg and former offshore areas; quarried blocks of graywacke are placed to form breakwaters and to edge large areas of embankment fill and modified ground.\r\n\r\nThe geologic structure of the area is known only in general outlines. Most bedded Mesozoic rocks probably are part of broad northwest-trending complexes of anticlines and synclines. Intrusion of large bodies of plutonic igneous rocks occurred in Tertiary and Cretaceous time. Extensive faulting is suggested by the numerous linear to gently curving patterns of some fiords, lakes, and valleys, and by a group of Holocene volcanoes and cinder cones. Two major northwest-striking fault zones are most prominent: (1) the apparently inactive Chichagof-Sitka fault, about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northeast of Sitka, and {2) part of the active 800-mile- (1,200-km) long Fairweather-Queen Charlotte Islands fault system, lying about 30 miles (48 km) southwest of the city. \r\n\r\nMany earthquakes have been reported as felt at Sitka since 1832, when good records were first maintained; several shocks were very strong, but none of them caused severe damage. The closest major earthquake (magnitude about 7.3) causing some damage to the city occurred July 30, 1972, and had an epicenter about 30 miles (48 km) to the southwest. Movement along the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte Islands fault system apparently caused most of the earthquakes felt at Sitka. \r\n\r\nThe probability of destructive earthquakes at Sitka is unknown. The tectonics of the region and the seismic record suggest that sometime in the future an earthquake of a magnitude of about 8 and related to the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte Islands fault system probably will occur in or near the area. \r\n\r\nEffects from some nearby major earthquakes could cause substantial damage at Sitka. Eight possible effects are as follows: \r\n\r\n1. Sudden dis","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr7453","usgsCitation":"Yehle, L.A., 1974, Reconnaissance engineering geology of Sitka and vicinity, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-53, iii, 104 leaves :ill., maps ;29 cm.; (3 sheets, 8 tables, scale 1:9,600 - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7453.","productDescription":"iii, 104 leaves :ill., maps ;29 cm.; (3 sheets, 8 tables, scale 1:9,600 - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108607,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15070.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"15070"},{"id":150378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45718,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0053/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45719,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0053/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45720,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0053/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45721,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"9600","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db64440b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yehle, Lynn A. yehle@usgs.gov","contributorId":3794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yehle","given":"Lynn","email":"yehle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":173259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15270,"text":"ofr7464 - 1974 - Review of waterpower classifications and withdrawals, Pit River basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T19:57:04.719502","indexId":"ofr7464","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-64","title":"Review of waterpower classifications and withdrawals, Pit River basin, California","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to evaluate the existing waterpower classifications of the Geological Survey in the Pit River basin relative to the most recent water resources information and planning. A detailed description of Geological Survey classifications is given on pages 40 and 41. In a following section each classification is identified, subsequent actions are summarized, and conclusions are given pertaining to the disposition of the lands involved.
The report advocates the revocation of Geological Survey classifications affecting 13,985 acres and the retention of 1,883 acres in existing classifications. No new classifications are recommended at this time. The proposed revocations will in no way affect the withdrawals resulting from filings for preliminary permits or licenses under the Federal Power Act.
The review of Geological Survey classifications necessarily involves a companion study of waterpower withdrawals in connection with Federal Power Commission projects which are under the jurisdiction of the Federal Power Commission. A detailed description of these actions is given on pages 75 and 76 followed by a general description of all Federal Power Commission projects in the study area. The affected lands are identified and recommendations are made pertaining to the disposition of the lands. In the Pit River basin there are about 8,553 acres in Federal Power Commission project withdrawal of which 1,963 acres have negligible power value.
The appraisal of land classifications and withdrawals is based upon the current status of planning for future water resources development and an investigation of existing constructed projects, water supply, water rights, land topography, and other land uses. Conclusions concerning Geological Survey classifications are based on a tract-by-tract evaluation as some actions cover widely scattered potentialities; however, recommendations relating to Federal Power Commission project withdrawals are based on an evaluation of the purpose of each filing.
This report has been reviewed by the following agencies: The Resources Agency of California; Sacramento, CA., Soil Conservation Service, North Cal-Neva RC&D Project; Cedarville, CA., Soil Conservation Service, Red Bluff, CA., Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, CA., and U.S. Forest Service, San Francisco, CA. Revisions have been made as a result of the comments received.
This tabulation of ages has been made as a convenience to anyone desiring a quick reference to ages published in the United States from 1956 through 1964. This tabulation does not include all published K-Ar, Rb-Sr, or Pb-a ages, but is probably 98 percent complete. Many of the radiometric ages published in abstracts, footnotes, or personal communications are not included as sample localities are lacking or are not sufficiently detailed to be of value. Such ages are often published in a subsequent article with detailed sample locations and geologic interpretation. There may be some duplication of ages in this tabulation. The references listed are either the original source for an age or the best source in regard to sample location, decay constants, interpretation, etc. For a tabulation of Pb-a ages published prior to 1957, see U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1097-B, Lead-alpha age determinations of accessory minerals of igneous rocks (1953-1957) by H. W. Jaffe, David Gottfried, C. L. Waring, and H. W. Worthing (1959). A minor number of unpublished radiometric ages from Ph.D. or M.S. theses are also listed in this tabulation.
The tabulated ages are systematized according to year and state. All ages published during a specific year (i.e. 1956) are grouped together, with the ages listed under the name of the state in which the sample was collected. The states are alphabetized. The dated sample is described as to rock type, location, material analyzed, age(s) determined, radiometric method used, and published reference (by first author only). The complete reference is listed at the end of the tabulation for each specific year. To answer questions about geologic interpretation, decay constants, or location, one must review the source reference.
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Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-31","title":"Catalog of creepmeter measurements in central California from 1968 to 1972","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7431","usgsCitation":"Nason, R.D., Philippsborn, F., and Yamashita, P., 1974, Catalog of creepmeter measurements in central California from 1968 to 1972: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-31, 287 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7431.","productDescription":"287 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efbc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nason, Robert D.","contributorId":57073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nason","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Philippsborn, F.R.","contributorId":22786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philippsborn","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yamashita, P.A.","contributorId":50536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamashita","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":16523,"text":"ofr74333 - 1974 - Tin resources of Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:17","indexId":"ofr74333","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-333","title":"Tin resources of Brazil","docAbstract":"Annual tin production in Brazil, most of it from cassiterite placer deposits in Rondonia Territory, amounts to about 4,000 metric tons (4,400 short tons) of concentrate containing 66 percent tin, much of which is consumed by Brazilian industry.\r\n\r\nReserves of cassiterite concentrate in the placers of Rondonia district are estimated at about 160,000 (176,000 short tons) containing 66 percent tin. Extensive undiscovered resources of cassiterite possibly exist in southern Rondonia Territory and to the east of the Territory in northern Mato Grosso, southern Amazonas, and southern Para. Numerous occurrences have been reported in these regions and as far to the east as the headwaters of the Tapajos and the Xingo Rivers.\r\n\r\nMinor deposits or occurrences of cassiterite (or lode deposits about which there is only minimal information available) are located in Para, Amapa, Paraiba, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceara, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Goias, Sao Paulo, and Rio Grande do Sul.\r\n\r\nAll the lode tin deposits are dated or enclosed in rocks that date as Precambrian B (900 to 1,300 m.y.).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr74333","usgsCitation":"White, M.G., 1974, Tin resources of Brazil: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-333, ii, 32 p. :maps ;27 cm.; (44 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74333.","productDescription":"ii, 32 p. :maps ;27 cm.; (44 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0333/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45508,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0333/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8e2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Max Gregg","contributorId":91841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Max","email":"","middleInitial":"Gregg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13707,"text":"ofr74227 - 1974 - Hard iron ore at the Cliffs Shaft Mines, Ishpeming, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T23:54:11.088806","indexId":"ofr74227","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-227","title":"Hard iron ore at the Cliffs Shaft Mines, Ishpeming, Michigan","docAbstract":"At the Cliffs Shaft Mines, for many years the premiere hard iron ore mine of Michigan, bodies of ore typically are localized in the upper part of the Negaunee iron-formation, close beneath Goodrich Quartzite in the axial part of the Marquette synclinorium. Individual ore bodies may be as much as 100 feet thick and extend laterally for many hundreds of feet. The cluster of ore bodies making up the Cliffs Shaft deposit has an overall length of about 4,500 feet from east to west parallel to the axis of the syncliorium and a width of 1,500 feet from north to south. The deposit extends beneath much of the City of Ishpeming, from a short distance west of the city limits to almost the east edge of the city.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74227","usgsCitation":"Gair, J.E., 1974, Hard iron ore at the Cliffs Shaft Mines, Ishpeming, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-227, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74227.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422766,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0227/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0227/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Ishpeming","otherGeospatial":"Cliffs Shaft Mines","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.72071958635472,\n 46.49679965272563\n ],\n [\n -87.72071958635472,\n 46.46933892121058\n ],\n [\n -87.637519822388,\n 46.46933892121058\n ],\n [\n -87.637519822388,\n 46.49679965272563\n ],\n [\n -87.72071958635472,\n 46.49679965272563\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644b9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gair, Jacob Eugene","contributorId":14387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gair","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16414,"text":"ofr74241 - 1974 - Hydrology and water resources of the Charles River basin, Massachusetts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16414,"text":"ofr74241 - 1974 - Hydrology and water resources of the Charles River basin, Massachusetts","indexId":"ofr74241","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and water resources of the Charles River basin, Massachusetts"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67951,"text":"ha554 - 1975 - Hydrology and water resources of the Charles River basin, Massachusetts","indexId":"ha554","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and water resources of the Charles River basin, Massachusetts"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":67951,"text":"ha554 - 1975 - Hydrology and water resources of the Charles River basin, Massachusetts","indexId":"ha554","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and water resources of the Charles River basin, Massachusetts"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:13","indexId":"ofr74241","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-241","title":"Hydrology and water resources of the Charles River basin, Massachusetts","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr74241","usgsCitation":"Walker, E.H., Wandle, S.W., and Caswell, W., 1974, Hydrology and water resources of the Charles River basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-241, 36 leaves :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74241.","productDescription":"36 leaves :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, Eugene H.","contributorId":24761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wandle, S. W.","contributorId":86789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caswell, W.W.","contributorId":66708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caswell","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":43658,"text":"ofr741021 - 1974 - Geologic maps of the Monterey, Salinas, Gonzales, Point Sur, Jamesburg, Soledad, and Junipero Serra 15' quadrangles, Monterey County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T20:11:13.227143","indexId":"ofr741021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-1021","title":"Geologic maps of the Monterey, Salinas, Gonzales, Point Sur, Jamesburg, Soledad, and Junipero Serra 15' quadrangles, Monterey County, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr741021","usgsCitation":"Dibblee, T.W., 1974, Geologic maps of the Monterey, Salinas, Gonzales, Point Sur, Jamesburg, Soledad, and Junipero Serra 15' quadrangles, Monterey County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-1021, 7 Plates: 21.96 x 30.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr741021.","productDescription":"7 Plates: 21.96 x 30.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":81268,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1021/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81267,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1021/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81266,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1021/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81265,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1021/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":101870,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_125.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"125"},{"id":81264,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1021/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81263,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1021/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81262,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1021/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":172738,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Monterey County","otherGeospatial":"Monterey, Salinas, Gonzales, Point Sur, Jamesburg, Soledad, and Junipero Serra 15' quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -121.25,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -121.25,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 36.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68856c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dibblee, T. W. Jr.","contributorId":95445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dibblee","given":"T.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16435,"text":"ofr74258 - 1974 - Geology of quadrangles H-12, H-13, and parts of I-12 and I-13, (zone III) in northeastern Santander Department, Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:09","indexId":"ofr74258","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-258","title":"Geology of quadrangles H-12, H-13, and parts of I-12 and I-13, (zone III) in northeastern Santander Department, Colombia","docAbstract":"A program of geologic mapping and mineral investigation in Colombia was undertaken cooperatively by the Colombian Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geologico-Mineras (formerly known as the Inventario Minero Nacional), and the U. S. Geological Survey; by the Government of Colombia and the Agency for International Development, U. S. Department of State. The purpose was to study, and evaluate mineral resources (excluding of petroleum, coal, emeralds, and alluvial gold) of four selected areas, designated Zones I to IV, that total about 70,000 km2. The work in Zone III, in the Cordillera Oriental, was done from 1965 to 1968. \r\n\r\nThe northeast trend of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia swings abruptly to north-northwest in the area of this report, and divides around the southern end of the Maracaibo Basin. This section of the Cordillera Oriental is referred to as the Santander Massif.\r\n\r\nRadiometric age determinations indicate that the oldest rocks of the Santander massif are Precambrian and include high-grade gneiss, schist, and migmatite of the Bucaramanga Formation. These rocks were probably part of the Precambrian Guayana Shield. Low- to medium-grade metamorphic rocks of late Precambrian to Ordovician age .include phyllite, schist, metasiltstone, metasandstone, and marble of the Silgara Formation, a geosynclinal series of considerable extent in the Cordillera Oriental and possibly the Cordillera de Merida of Venezuela. Orthogneiss ranging from granite to tonalite is widely distributed in the high- and medium-grade metamorphic rocks of the central core of the massif and probably represents rocks of two ages, Precambrian and Ordovician to Early Devonian. Younger orthogneiss and the Silgara are overlain by Middle Devonian beds of the Floresta Formation which show a generally low but varying degree of metamorphism. Phyllite and argillite are common, and infrequent marble and other calcareous beds are fossiliferous. Except for recrystallization in limestones of !the Permian-Carboniferous Diamante Formation, sedimentary rocks younger than Devonian are unmetamorphosed.\r\n\r\nThe effects of Precambrian regional dynamothermal metamorphism and plutonism on Precambrian geosynclinal deposits reached the upper amphibolite facies in the Bucaramanga Gneiss. The geosynclinal Silgara Formation was subjected to similar conditions in Late Ordovician and Early Silurian time but reached only the greenschist or lower amphibolite facies. Orthogneisses generally show a concordance of foliation and lineation with the neighboring Silgara Formation and the Bucaramanga Gneiss as well as similarities in grade of metamorphism. Regional dynamothermal metamorphism in Late Permian and Triassic time reached, low grade in the Floresta Formation and caused recrystallization of limestone of the Diamante Formation. \r\n\r\nThe Bucaramanga and Silgara metamorphic rocks show evidence of metrogressive metamorphism accompanied by high activity or potassium and water, but whether this occurred at the time the Floresta was metamorphosed or later is not clear. \r\n\r\nBatholiths, plutons, and stocks of igneous rocks in the Santander massif range from diorite to granite. Radioactive age data indicate that most belong to a single plutonic interval. These are referred to as the Santander Plutoniq Group and are Jurassic and Jurassic-Triassic- Two suites of this group are pink granite and quartz monzonite, and gray quartz monzonite and granodiorite. Contact relations indicate that the pink and more granitic rocks are younger than the gray and more mafic rocks, but radioactive age data are in conflict with this. Undated plutonic rocks that are not clearly related to the group are assigned to relatively older or younger age positions.\r\n\r\nWest of the Bucanamanga fault rhyolite makes up a small body at one locality and forms an intrusive sheet with granophyre and intrusive breccias in Triassic sedimentary rocks at another locality. Its age is unknown, but it probably is younger than the","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr74258","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.E., Goldsmith, R., Cruz, J.B., and Restrepo, H.A., 1974, Geology of quadrangles H-12, H-13, and parts of I-12 and I-13, (zone III) in northeastern Santander Department, Colombia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-258, x, 467 leaves :folded col. maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74258.","productDescription":"x, 467 leaves :folded col. maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45403,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45404,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45405,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45406,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45407,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45408,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45409,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45410,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45411,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45412,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45413,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45414,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6835a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Dwight Edward","contributorId":50499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldsmith, Richard","contributorId":33283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cruz, Jaime B.","contributorId":29444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruz","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Restrepo, Hernan A.","contributorId":8865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Restrepo","given":"Hernan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":42418,"text":"ofr741126 - 1974 - Preliminary geologic map of the southern Raft River area, Cassia County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:09","indexId":"ofr741126","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-1126","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the southern Raft River area, Cassia County, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr741126","usgsCitation":"Williams, P.L., Pierce, K.L., McIntyre, D.H., and Schmidt, P.W., 1974, Preliminary geologic map of the southern Raft River area, Cassia County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-1126, 1 map; 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L.","contributorId":79109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIntyre, D. H.","contributorId":45726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, P. W.","contributorId":28303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":13684,"text":"ofr7469 - 1974 - Ground-water management, Buzzards Bay coastal streams, Massachusetts and Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-25T13:57:22","indexId":"ofr7469","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-69","title":"Ground-water management, Buzzards Bay coastal streams, Massachusetts and Rhode Island","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7469","usgsCitation":"Frimpter, M.H., 1974, Ground-water management, Buzzards Bay coastal streams, Massachusetts and Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-69, Report: 38 p.; 1 Plate: 40.70 x 28.45 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7469.","productDescription":"Report: 38 p.; 1 Plate: 40.70 x 28.45 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0069/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":369558,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0069/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369557,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.17355346679688,\n 41.445814633981904\n ],\n [\n -70.47866821289062,\n 41.445814633981904\n ],\n [\n -70.47866821289062,\n 42.01869237684385\n ],\n [\n -71.17355346679688,\n 42.01869237684385\n ],\n [\n -71.17355346679688,\n 41.445814633981904\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66748a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frimpter, Michael H.","contributorId":8074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frimpter","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16189,"text":"ofr74197 - 1974 - Recommendations for the study and appraisal of oil-shale deposits in Jordan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-22T21:09:05.152213","indexId":"ofr74197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-197","title":"Recommendations for the study and appraisal of oil-shale deposits in Jordan","docAbstract":"A geologic-geochemical evaluation conducted October 5-24, 1968, both in the field area and in the laboratories has shown the Upper Cretaceous oil shale in the El Lajjun area of central Jordan to be one of Jordan's major natural mineral resources. Continued but slightly modified investigations are strongly recommended to determine the exact volume and quality of this oil shale. Further, a study to determine the most efficient processes of extraction of the oil and possible co-products should be initiated.
The economic potential of the oil shale is excellent, but the actual exploitation of this rock will depend on national economic and political factors that cannot be interpreted at this time. From a realistic point of view, regardless of these factors which inevitably change with time, systematic investigations and planning for construction of extraction plants for domestic production of fuel and/or other products from the oil shale should be completed at the earliest possible date, to assure rapid utilization of this mineral resource when necessary.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74197","usgsCitation":"Swanson, V.E., 1974, Recommendations for the study and appraisal of oil-shale deposits in Jordan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-197, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74197.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420050,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148588,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0197/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Jordan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.126444377981585,\n 32.814823121790724\n ],\n [\n 35.126444377981585,\n 29.2136087003626\n ],\n [\n 38.88766558353194,\n 29.2136087003626\n ],\n [\n 38.88766558353194,\n 32.814823121790724\n ],\n [\n 35.126444377981585,\n 32.814823121790724\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db64455d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Vernon Emanuel","contributorId":59014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"Emanuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42632,"text":"ofr746 - 1974 - Residual magnetic anomaly and free-air gravity anomaly profiles, 1973, on continental shelf and slope between Bering Strait and Barrow, Alaska, and MacKenzie Bay, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:29","indexId":"ofr746","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-6","title":"Residual magnetic anomaly and free-air gravity anomaly profiles, 1973, on continental shelf and slope between Bering Strait and Barrow, Alaska, and MacKenzie Bay, Canada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr746","usgsCitation":"Hanna, W.F., Ruppel, B.D., McHendrie, A., and Sikora, R.F., 1974, Residual magnetic anomaly and free-air gravity anomaly profiles, 1973, on continental shelf and slope between Bering Strait and Barrow, Alaska, and MacKenzie Bay, Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-6, 6 sheets; 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr746.","productDescription":"6 sheets; 1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":98915,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0006/plate-1.pdf","size":"2589","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98917,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0006/plate-3.pdf","size":"2461","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98918,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0006/plate-4.pdf","size":"2937","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98919,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0006/plate-5.pdf","size":"3333","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98920,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0006/plate-6.pdf","size":"3848","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98916,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0006/plate-2.pdf","size":"2149","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62ba0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanna, W. F.","contributorId":6835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppel, B. D.","contributorId":15631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHendrie, A. G.","contributorId":56246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHendrie","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sikora, R. F.","contributorId":21923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sikora","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":13860,"text":"ofr7467 - 1974 - Posssible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13860,"text":"ofr7467 - 1974 - Posssible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","indexId":"ofr7467","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Posssible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042935,"text":"70042935 - 1975 - Possible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","indexId":"70042935","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Possible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70042935,"text":"70042935 - 1975 - Possible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","indexId":"70042935","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Possible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-05T20:06:45.537317","indexId":"ofr7467","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-67","title":"Posssible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","docAbstract":"The ore deposits in the northern part of the Coeur d'Alene district are located within rocks of the Belt Supergroup that have been intruded by Cretaceous quartz monzonites. Lead-zinc-silver replacement veins constitute most of the deposits. The geometry of the district has been modified by post-ore faulting along the Osburn, Dobson Pass, and other faults. The original position of the Gem stocks, before their separation from the Dago Peak stocks by the Dobson Pass fault, can be approximately reconstructed by moving the truncated stocks and associated geochemical dispersion patterns back into matching positions. The known mineral belts are defined by dispersion patterns of both lead and the lead:zinc ratio. Similar dispersion patterns of lead and the lead:zinc ratio northwest of the original position of the Gem stocks suggest that the mineral belts extend into that area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7467","usgsCitation":"Gott, G.B., and Botbol, J.M., 1974, Posssible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-67, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7467.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420518,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144390,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0067/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Coeur d'Alene","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.98736290401153,\n 47.875430904266295\n ],\n [\n -116.98736290401153,\n 47.63548915233548\n ],\n [\n -116.60850011844465,\n 47.63548915233548\n ],\n [\n -116.60850011844465,\n 47.875430904266295\n ],\n [\n -116.98736290401153,\n 47.875430904266295\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683ba3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gott, Garland Bayard","contributorId":6420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gott","given":"Garland","email":"","middleInitial":"Bayard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Botbol, Joseph Moses","contributorId":10034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botbol","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"Moses","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15441,"text":"ofr7486 - 1974 - Response of ground-water levels of flood control operations in three basins, south-eastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-04T17:44:08.754532","indexId":"ofr7486","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-86","title":"Response of ground-water levels of flood control operations in three basins, south-eastern Florida","docAbstract":"Three basins in southeastern Florida were investigated to determine the changes in ground-water levels and canal flows that occurred in response to operation of coastal water-control structures in each canal. All three basins are underlain by the Biscayne aquifer. They are, Snapper Creek Canal basin, where the Biscayne aquifer is of high permeability; the Snake Creek Canal basin, where the aquifer is of moderate permeability; and the Pompano-Cypress Canal basin, where the aquifer is of low permeability. In each basin, drainage is a function of permeability; thus, where the permeability of the aquifer is high, drainage is excellent. The coastal water-conrol structures are intended to afford flood protection in the three basins. In general the control operation criteria for flood control in newly developing areas in southeastern Florida do not provide adequate protection from flooding because of the time required for the aquifer to respond to changes in the controls. Adequate protection would require increasing the density of secondary drainage canals, but this could achieved only by reducing the quantity of water available for recharging those segments of the Biscayne aquifer adjacent to the canals. 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