The Trouts Lane well field in Stewartstown, Pa., was selected as a case study for delineating a contributing area in a fractured crystalline-bedrock aquifer. The study emphasized the importance of refining the understanding of boundary conditions and major heterogeneities that affect ground-water movement to the supply well by conducting (1) fracture-trace mapping, (2) borehole logging and flow measurements, (3) ground-water level monitoring, (4) aquifer testing, and (5) geochemical sampling. Methods and approach used in this study could be applicable for other wells in crystalline-bedrock terranes in southeastern Pennsylvania.
Methods of primary importance for refining the understanding of hydrology at the Trouts Lane well field were the aquifer tests, water-level measurements, and geophysical logging. Results from the constant-discharge aquifer test helped identify a major north-south trending hydraulic connection between supply well SW6 and a domestic-supply well. Aquifer-test results also indicated fractures that transmit most water to the supply well are hydraulically well-connected to the shallow regolith and highly weathered schist. Results from slug tests provided estimates of transmissivity and the nonuniform distribution of transmissivity throughout the well field, indicating the water-producing fractures are not evenly distributed and ground-water velocities must vary considerably throughout the well field. Water levels, which were easy to measure, provided additional evidence of hydraulic connections among wells. More importantly, they allowed the water-table configuration to be mapped. Borehole geophysics and flow measurements within the well were very useful because results indicated water entered supply well SW6 through bedrock fractures at very shallow depths—less than 60 ft below land surface; therefore, the area providing recharge to the well is probably in the immediate vicinity.
Preliminary delineations of the contributing area and the 90-day time-of-travel area were computed from a steady-state water budget and a time-of-travel equation. This easy approach provides insight into the size (but not the shape) of contributing areas. Three other approaches were used to refine the contributing-area shape: (1) uniform-flow equation, (2) water-table mapping, and (3) numerical modeling. The contributing areas computed from each approach differed depending on the simplification of the hydrogeologic framework that was made in each method of analysis. Although the approaches vary in complexity, regardless of the approach used, an estimate of the water-table configuration in the vicinity of the well field was key for making the best possible delineation of the contributing area.
A major limitation of this investigation was the inability to refine the delineation of the time-of-travel area. A time-of-travel area is based on the distance water travels in a given time. Because a few discrete fractures probably supply a significant amount of water to supply well SW6, the effective porosity (and hence, traveltime) of ground water is best estimated using tracers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Supply Management","usgsCitation":"Barton, G., Risser, D.W., Galeone, D.G., and Conger, R.W., 1999, Case study for delineating a contributing area to a water-supply well in a fractured crystalline-bedrock aquifer, Stewartstown, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4047, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994047.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4047/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":1954,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4047/wri19994047.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI1999-4047"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pennsylvania Water Science Center
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The potential effects of future water-exchange scenarios on streamflow and specific conductance in the Arkansas River were simulated with two accounting models. The major processes in the models simulated the historical exchange potential in the Arkansas River and the operation of a native and a nonnative Arkansas River water exchange. The potential effects of future exchange conditions were simulated using streamflow and specific-conductance data from the 1986-93 water-year study period. Hydrologic conditions during the study period were considered about average, compared to the long-term 1966-96 conditions. Therefore, the simulation results were indicative of the potential effects of future exchange conditions on streamflow and specific conductance during periods of average hydrologic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Springs Utilities; Pueblo Board of Water Works; Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District; Pueblo County Department of Planning and Development; City of Aurora Department of Utilities; St. Charles Mesa Water District; Upper Arkansas Area Council of Governments; Upper Arkansas Water Conservancy District; City of Pueblo, Department of Utilities; Pueblo West Metropolitan District; Fremont Sanitation District; City of Rocky Ford; City of Las Animas; and City of Lamar","usgsCitation":"Lewis, M.E., 1999, Simulated effects of water exchanges on streamflow and specific conductance in the Arkansas River upstream from Avondale, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4140, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984140.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri984140.jpg"},{"id":287523,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4140/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.5069580078125,\n 37.94419750075404\n ],\n [\n -106.5069580078125,\n 39.3130504637139\n ],\n [\n -104.01580810546875,\n 39.3130504637139\n ],\n [\n -104.01580810546875,\n 37.94419750075404\n ],\n [\n -106.5069580078125,\n 37.94419750075404\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f322b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Michael E. mlewis@usgs.gov","contributorId":3849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Michael","email":"mlewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":511064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27315,"text":"wri984142 - 1999 - Ground water and surface water in the Haiku area, East Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T22:25:24.461913","indexId":"wri984142","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4142","displayTitle":"Ground Water and Surface Water in the Haiku Area, East Maui, Hawaii","title":"Ground water and surface water in the Haiku area, East Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The Haiku study area lies on the gently sloping eastern flank of the East Maui Volcano (Haleakala) between the drainage basins of Maliko Gulch to the west and Kakipi Gulch to the east. The study area lies on the northwest rift zone of East Maui Volcano, a geologic feature 3 to 5 miles wide marked by surface expressions such as cinder, spatter, and pumice cones. The study area contains two geologic units, the main shield-building stage Honomanu Basalt and the Kula Volcanics. The hydraulic conductivity of the Honomanu Basalt was estimated to be between 1,000 and 3,600 feet per day on the basis of aquifer tests and 3,300 feet per day on the basis of the regional recharge rate and observed ground-water heads. The hydraulic conductivity of the Kula Volcanics is expected to be several orders of magnitude lower.\r\n\r\nAn estimated 191 million gallons per day of rainfall and 22 million gallons per day of fog drip reach the study area and about 98 million gallons per day enters the ground-water system as recharge. Nearly all of the ground water currently withdrawn in the study area is from well 5520-01 in Maliko Gulch, where historic withdrawal rates have averaged about 2.8 million gallons per day. An additional 18 million gallons per day of ground-water withdrawal is proposed.\r\n\r\nFlow in Waiohiwi Gulch, a tributary to Maliko Gulch, is perennial between about 2,000 ft and 4,000 ft altitude. At lower altitudes in Maliko Gulch, flow is perennial at only a few spots downstream of springs and near the coast. The Kuiaha and Kaupakulua Gulch systems are usually dry from sea level to an altitude of 350 feet and gain water from about 350 feet to about 900 feet altitude. The two main branches of the Kaupakulua Gulch system alternately gain and lose water as high as 2,400 feet altitude. Kakipi Gulch has perennial flow over much of its length but is often dry near the coast below 400 feet altitude.\r\n\r\nFresh ground water occurs in two main forms: (1) as perched high-level water held up by relatively low-permeability geologic layers, and (2) as a freshwater lens floating on denser, underlying saltwater. The rocks beneath the contact between the Kula Volcanics and the underlying Honomanu Basalt and above the freshwater lens appear to be unsaturated on the basis of several observations: (1) streams are dry or losing water where they are incised into the Honomanu Basalt, (2) the hydraulic conductivity of the Honomanu Basalt is too high to support a thick ground-water lens given the estimated recharge to the study area, and (3) wells that penetrate through the contact have encountered conditions of cascading water from above the contact and dry lava tubes in the Honomanu Basalt. More than 90 percent of the recharge to the study area is estimated to flow downward through the perched high-level water body to reach the freshwater lens.\r\n\r\nA cross-sectional, steady-state, variably saturated ground-water flow model using the computer code VS2DT was constructed to evaluate whether a two-layer, variably saturated ground-water flow system could exist given the hydrologic and geologic conditions of the Haiku study area. Using 25 inches per year of recharge and hydraulic characteristics representative of the Kula Volcanics and the Honomanu Basalt, the model demonstrates that a 13-foot thick geologic layer with a saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity less than 6.6Y10-2 feet per day can impede vertical ground-water flow enough to produce two separate saturated zones with an unsaturated zone between them. Subsequent lower vertical hydraulic conductivity values for the impeding layer allow even less water to reach the lower layer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984142","usgsCitation":"Gingerich, S.B., 1999, Ground water and surface water in the Haiku area, East Maui, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4142, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984142.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4142/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95631,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4142/report.pdf","size":"7493","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.43707275390625,\n 20.732997212795915\n ],\n [\n -156.1651611328125,\n 20.732997212795915\n ],\n [\n -156.1651611328125,\n 20.969133867372147\n ],\n [\n -156.43707275390625,\n 20.969133867372147\n ],\n [\n -156.43707275390625,\n 20.732997212795915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66de37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gingerich, Stephen B. 0000-0002-4381-0746 sbginger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0746","contributorId":1426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"Stephen","email":"sbginger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6692,"text":"fs06199 - 1999 - USGS Science for Restoration of South Florida: The South Florida Ecosystem Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-19T10:53:11.395284","indexId":"fs06199","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"061-99","title":"USGS Science for Restoration of South Florida: The South Florida Ecosystem Program","docAbstract":"As land and resource managers see the value of their resources diminish, and the public watches the environments they knew as children become degraded, there are increasing calls to restore what has been lost, or to build productive ecosystems that will be healthy and sustainable under the conditions of human use. The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Placed-Based Studies Program was established to provide sound science for resource managers in critical ecosystems such as South Florida (fig. 1). The program, which began in south Florida in 1995, provides relevant information, high-quality data, and models to support decisions for ecosystem restoration and management. The program applies multi- and interdisciplinary science to address regional and subregional environmental resources issues.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs06199","usgsCitation":"McPherson, B.F., Gerould, S., and Higer, A.L., 1999, USGS Science for Restoration of South Florida: The South Florida Ecosystem Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 061-99, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs06199.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_061_99.jpg"},{"id":10432,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0061/fs06199.pdf","text":"Report","size":"303 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 061-99"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.6611328125,\n 24.926294766395593\n ],\n [\n -79.0576171875,\n 24.926294766395593\n ],\n [\n -79.0576171875,\n 27.371767300523047\n ],\n [\n -82.6611328125,\n 27.371767300523047\n ],\n [\n -82.6611328125,\n 24.926294766395593\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Recent algal blooms and seagrass mortality have raised concerns about the water quality of Florida Bay, particularly its nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorus), hypersalinity, and turbidity. Water quality is closely tied to sediment transport processes because resuspension of sediments increases turbidity, releases stored nutrients, and facilitates sediment export to the reef tract. Over decades to centuries, bathymetric changes due to erosion or sediment deposition affect water circulation and hypersalinity. The effect on circulation depends on the interplay between sediment accumulation and sea-level rise. The goal of this U. S. Geological Survey project is to document and quantify short- and long- term processes associated with sediment transport so that the influence of sediments on water quality can be better defined and later integrated with numerical modeling efforts conducted by cooperating agencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs15696","usgsCitation":"Sedimentation, sea-level rise and circulation in Florida Bay; 1999; FS; 156-96; Geological Survey (U.S.)","productDescription":"HTML Dcoument","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117033,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0156/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":260,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.2893735478387,\n 25.378087761326483\n ],\n [\n -81.60695738630159,\n 25.378087761326483\n ],\n [\n -81.60695738630159,\n 24.522191015352064\n ],\n [\n -80.2893735478387,\n 24.522191015352064\n ],\n [\n -80.2893735478387,\n 25.378087761326483\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Ecosystems are communities of organisms, often including humans, and the associated physical and chemical environments in which they live. Ecosystems are a complex natural resource that need to be understood, carefully managed, and prudently conserved. Human modification of the environment, such as changing water drainage patterns and introducing pollutants (such as mercury) and nutrients (such as nitrates and phosphates), has altered critical ecosystems around the globe, and the south Florida region is now considered to be one of the most threatened ecosystems in the Nation. The south Florida ecosystem has both a land component, the Everglades (including all fresh-water wetlands south of Lake Okeechobee), and an estuarine component, Florida Bay. The two components are closely linked by hydrologic cycles and the plants and animals that live within the ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs17195","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet, 1999, South Florida ecosystems—Changes through time: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 1995–171, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs17195.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122890,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0171/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":282,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0171/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 26.94633387241865\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 26.94633387241865\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 26.94633387241865\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The U.S. Geological Survey is one of several agencies participating in the scientific effort to provide knowledge that can help protect and preserve the ecosystem of south Florida. One project of the intergovernmental South Florida Ecosystem Program (SFEP) is focused on developing a computer model to simulate the flow of water and analyze the transport of waterborne chemical constituents between canals and wetlands. Quantification of dynamic flows within the south Florida ecosystem is vital to understanding the implications of the residence time of water, potentially nutrient-enriched (with nitrates or phosphates) or contaminant-laden (with metals or pesticides), that can alter plant life and affect biological communities. Nutrients carried in the water conveyed by canals draining agricultural areas and dispersed into wetlands by canal discharges, by levee overflows, or by seepage are considered to be a major contributor to changes in the types of vegetation found in the Everglades. Freshwater inflows, typically of varying magnitudes and durations, not only influence the salinity of Florida Bay but also potentially carry toxic substances that can affect and alter the Bay's aquatic biota. The simulation capability being developed within the SFEP can be useful for identifying approaches to alleviate adverse impacts of excessive or deficient flows and transported constituents. Through strategic use of a simulation model, cause-and-effect relations between discharge sources, flow magnitudes, transport processes, and changes in vegetation and biota can be investigated. The effects of driving forces on nutrient cycling and contaminant transport can then be quantified, evaluated, and considered in the development of remedial management plans.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs13996","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., 1999, Canal and wetland flow transport interaction; coupling models for canal and wetland interactions in the South Florida ecosystem: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 139-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13996.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34160,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0139/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.85 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1996-139"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.6561279296875,\n 25.199970890386023\n ],\n [\n -80.18096923828124,\n 25.199970890386023\n ],\n [\n -80.18096923828124,\n 25.70588750345636\n ],\n [\n -80.6561279296875,\n 25.70588750345636\n ],\n [\n -80.6561279296875,\n 25.199970890386023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Restoration and management of the south Florida ecosystem will be guided by hydrologic models that simulate water flowing through the wetlands and shallow subsurface aquifers beneath them. The restoration of the ecosystem is, essentially, the restoration of the natural hydrologic system. As surface water is re-diverted from manmade canals to its more natural state as overland flow, several changes are predicted to occur. First, because water flowing over land moves more slowly than in canals, overland flow should remain in the wetland ecosystem for a longer period each year. Second, as the flowing water spreads out over the wetlands, recharge to the shallow aquifers should increase as more of that water infiltrates into the ground. The U.S. Corps of Engineers and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) will use hydrologic models to anticipate the consequences of these proposed restoration plans. This research program is designed to provide essential subsurface data to improve hydrologic models for land and water managers in southwest Florida where subsurface information is lacking. Obtaining hydrogeological data requires core drilling, corehole testing, and rock and sediment analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs15896","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, Hydrogeology of the surficial aquifer system in Southwest Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 1996–158, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15896.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118406,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0158/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":230,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 26.94633387241865\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 26.94633387241865\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 26.94633387241865\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, initiated studies designed to characterize the ground-water quality and hydrogeology in northern Illinois, and southern and eastern Wisconsin (with a focus on the north-central Illinois cities of Belvidere and Rockford, and the Calumet region of northeastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana). These areas are considered especially susceptible to ground-water contamination because of the high density of industrial and waste-disposal sites and the shallow depth to the unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers and the fractured, carbonate bedrock aquifers that underlie the areas. The data and conceptual models of ground-water flow and contaminant distribution and movement developed as part of the studies have allowed Federal, State, and local agencies to better manage, protect, and restore the water supplies of the areas.
Water-quality, hydrologic, geologic, and geophysical data collected as part of these areal studies indicate that industrial contaminants are present locally in the aquifers underlying the areas. Most of the contaminants, particularly those at concentrations that exceeded regulatory water-quality levels, were detected in the sand and gravel aquifers near industrial or waste-disposal sites. In water from water-supply wells, the contaminants that were present generally were at concentrations below regulatory levels. The organic compounds detected most frequently at concentrations near or above regulatory levels varied by area. Trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (volatile chlorinated compounds) were most prevalent in north-central Illinois; benzene (a petroleum-related compound) was most prevalent in the Calumet region. Differences in the type of organic compounds that were detected in each area likely reflect differences in the types of industrial sites that predominate in the areas. Nickel and aluminum were the trace metals detected most frequently at concentrations above regulatory levels in both areas. Contaminants in the shallow sand and gravel aquifers and carbonate aquifers appear to have moved with ground water discharging to local lakes, streams, and wetlands. Ground-water flow and possibly contaminant movement is concentrated in the weathered surface zones and in deeper fractures of the carbonate aquifers underlying both areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984143","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., Kay, R.T., Brown, T.A., and Yeskis, D.J., 1999, Areal studies aid protection of ground-water quality in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4143, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984143.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1953,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4143/wrir98_4143.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 98–4143"},{"id":157775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4143/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -85.69335937499999,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -86.63818359375,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -87.69287109375,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n -86.7919921875,\n 45.506346901083425\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 45.336701909968134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
What has happened to the salmon resource in the Pacific Northwest? Who is responsible and what can be done to reverse the decline in salmon populations? The responsibly falls on everyone involved - fishermen, resource managers and concerned citizens alike - to take the steps necessary to ensure that salmon populations make a full recovery.
This collection of papers examines the state of the salmon fisheries in the Pacific Northwest. They cover existing methods and supply model approaches for alternative solutions. The editors stress the importance of input from and cooperation with all parties involved to create a viable solution. Grass roots education and participation is the key to public support - and ultimately the success - of whatever management solutions are developed.
A unique and valuable scientific publication, Sustainable Fisheries Management: Pacific Salmon clearly articulates the current state of the Pacific salmon resource, describes the key features of its management, and provides important guidance on how we can make the transition towards sustainable fisheries. The solutions presented in this book provide the basis of a strategy for sustainable fisheries, requiring society and governmental agencies to establish a shared vision, common policies, and a process for collaborative management.
","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/9781439822678","isbn":"978-1-4398-2267-8","usgsCitation":"1999, Sustainable fisheries management: Pacific salmon, 724 p., https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439822678.","productDescription":"724 p.","numberOfPages":"752","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d86ee4b07c5f79a7f358","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Knudsen, E. Eric","contributorId":104818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688628,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steward, Cleveland R.","contributorId":45226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steward","given":"Cleveland","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688629,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacDonald, Donald","contributorId":71893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688630,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Jack E.","contributorId":93774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688631,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reiser, Dudley W.","contributorId":114160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reiser","given":"Dudley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688632,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":38113,"text":"ofr99349 - 1999 - Mapping the glacial geology of the Central Great Lakes region in three dimensions: A model for state-federal cooperation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-31T15:28:38","indexId":"ofr99349","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-349","title":"Mapping the glacial geology of the Central Great Lakes region in three dimensions: A model for state-federal cooperation","docAbstract":"Planners need to evaluate complex and competing public-policy options for managing water, land, and biological resources; they must ensure economic growth, meet the needs of an increasing population, assess hazards, and manage the environment in a sustainable manner. The State Geological Surveys of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) receive many requests from local, State, and Federal planners and officials for geologic information. Thick and complex layers of glacial and related sediments blanket the bedrock of these States: a three-dimensional understanding of these deposits is critical to making informed resource-management and other planning decisions. At two recent forums (in Indianapolis, March 1997, and Columbus, Ohio, February 1999), more than 200 attendees from more than 60 local, State, and Federal agencies provided a clear message. They need three-dimensional geologic information to use in making decisions on the following issues:
• Quality, quantity, distribution, and accessibility of surface and ground water
• Aggregate sources and land-use conflicts
• Energy and mineral resource management
• Environmental management and mitigation of land and water contamination
• Acceleration of the permitting processes of regulatory agencies
• Industrial, commercial, residential, and infrastructure siting and construction
• Agricultural land loss, erosion, sedimentation, and agrichemical use
• Waste-disposal planning and mitigation
• Habitat alteration and biodiversity
• Coastal erosion, landslides, radon, floods, and earthquakes
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99349","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Berg, R.C., Bleuer, N.K., Jones, B.E., Kincare, K.A., Pavey, R., and Stone, B.D., 1999, Mapping the glacial geology of the Central Great Lakes region in three dimensions: A model for state-federal cooperation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-349, v, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99349.","productDescription":"v, 65 p.","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3452,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pdf/of/ofr99349/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":373580,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pdf/of/ofr99349/OF99-349.pdf"},{"id":165453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -83.232421875,\n 45.49094569262732\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -84.90234375,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -87.0556640625,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 47.07012182383309\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -90.2197265625,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -88.11035156249999,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0be4b07f02db69d712","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berg, Richard C.","contributorId":192821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berg","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bleuer, Ned K.","contributorId":14512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleuer","given":"Ned","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Berwyn E.","contributorId":59459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Berwyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kincare, Kevin A. 0000-0002-1050-3627 kkincare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1050-3627","contributorId":2106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kincare","given":"Kevin","email":"kkincare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pavey, Richard R.","contributorId":72084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavey","given":"Richard R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stone, Byron D. 0000-0001-6092-0798 bdstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":1702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Byron","email":"bdstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":30204,"text":"wri984030 - 1999 - Geochemistry and hydrogeologic framework of the saline-freshwater interface and the calculation of net recharge in the Dorado area, north-central Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-07T13:01:14","indexId":"wri984030","displayToPublicDate":"2000-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4030","title":"Geochemistry and hydrogeologic framework of the saline-freshwater interface and the calculation of net recharge in the Dorado area, north-central Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The upper aquifer near Dorado, Puerto Rico, is a major source of water for both public and private supply. The aquifer is composed of portions of the Aguada Limestone, Aymam6n Limestone, and adjacent permeable portions of unconsolidated deposits. As water moves through the aquifer it changes from a calcium-bicarbonate type water in the upgradient portions of the aquifer to a sodium-chloride type water in the downgradient portions of the aquifer near the coast. Pumping from the aquifer for industrial use and public supply has lowered the water table to near sea level in some areas, causing saline intrusion to be a concern. The saline-freshwater interface was located by drilling and borehole geophysics. Drilling and borehole geophysics helped locate the lower limit of the aquifer. The saline-freshwater interface is narrow close to the coast and thickens with distance from the coast. Ground-water hydrographs in the study area were simulated with a deterministic model that allows net recharge to be calculated from precipitation data and ground water level data. Calculated net recharge rates ranged from 160 millimeters per year in 1995 at the Santa Rosa well site to 260 millimeters per year in 1996 at the Maguayo well site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984030","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority","usgsCitation":"Troester, J.W., 1999, Geochemistry and hydrogeologic framework of the saline-freshwater interface and the calculation of net recharge in the Dorado area, north-central Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4030, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984030.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":357115,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4030/report-thumb.jpg"}],"state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.375,\n 18.375\n ],\n [\n -66.125,\n 18.375\n ],\n [\n -66.125,\n 18.5\n ],\n [\n -66.375,\n 18.5\n ],\n [\n -66.375,\n 18.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab755","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troester, Joseph W.","contributorId":46544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troester","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32312,"text":"ofr99369 - 1999 - Digital elevation model (DEM) of Cascadia, latitude 39N-53N, longitude 116W-133W","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T12:56:23.879052","indexId":"ofr99369","displayToPublicDate":"2000-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-369","title":"Digital elevation model (DEM) of Cascadia, latitude 39N-53N, longitude 116W-133W","docAbstract":"This report contains a 250-meter digital elevation model (DEM) for Cascadia (latitude 39N - 53N, longitude 116W - 133W), a region that encompasses the Cascade volcanic arc, the Cascadia subduction zone, and the Juan de Fuca Ridge system. The DEM is distributed as file cascdem.tar.gz (39 MB; 78MB uncompressed).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99369","usgsCitation":"Haugerud, R.A., 1999, Digital elevation model (DEM) of Cascadia, latitude 39N-53N, longitude 116W-133W: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-369, Readme, Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99369.","productDescription":"Readme, Data","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3303,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0369/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284910,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0369/README.txt"},{"id":284911,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0369/cascdem.tar.gz"},{"id":160523,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99369.png"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -133.0,39.0 ], [ -133.0,53.0 ], [ -116.0,53.0 ], [ -116.0,39.0 ], [ -133.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd54f9e4b0b290850f6111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugerud, Ralph A. 0000-0001-7302-4351 rhaugerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":2691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"Ralph","email":"rhaugerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21987,"text":"ofr99565 - 1999 - On the modified Mercalli intensities and magnitudes of the 1811/1812 New Madrid, central United States, earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:54","indexId":"ofr99565","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-565","title":"On the modified Mercalli intensities and magnitudes of the 1811/1812 New Madrid, central United States, earthquakes","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99565","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., Armbruster, J., Seeber, L., and Hough, J., 1999, On the modified Mercalli intensities and magnitudes of the 1811/1812 New Madrid, central United States, earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-565, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99565.","productDescription":"46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0565/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51457,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0565/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691a6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armbruster, J.G.","contributorId":71202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seeber, Leonardo","contributorId":81133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeber","given":"Leonardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hough, J.F.","contributorId":101276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":21642,"text":"ofr99434 - 1999 - Calibration formulae and values for velocity seismometers used in the 1998 Santa Clara Valley, California seismic experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-26T15:24:53","indexId":"ofr99434","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-434","title":"Calibration formulae and values for velocity seismometers used in the 1998 Santa Clara Valley, California seismic experiment","docAbstract":"Eaton (1975), Bakun and Dratler (1976), Eaton (1977), Healy and O’Neil (1977), Asten (1977), Stewart and O'Neill (1980), Liu and Peselnick (1986), Eaton (1991), Rodgers et al. (1995), and many others (see Asten (1977) for a list of earlier references) have presented formulae for calculating the damped generator constant (or motor constant), and the damping constant (or fractional damping ratio) for magnetically damped velocity seismometers. Unfortunately the notation varies between authors, and not all the formulae allow for some of the significant variables -- differences in input impedance of the recording system in particular. This has become particularly relevant because the USGS seismic networks in California have traditionally set up their velocity sensors for the 10K Ohm impedance of the standard USGS analog telemetry systems (Eaton, 1977), but modern digital recording systems are usually set up with high input impedances, often of a megaohm or greater. Thus the nominal calibration values valid for USGS velocity sensors in their “normal” configuration are incorrect when they are recorded on other systems.\n\nIn this short note we have collected the relevant formulae needed, and computed the seismometer responses for the various velocity sensors used in the recent Santa Clara Valley Seismic Experiment (SCVSE, see Lindh et al., 1999).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99434","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Lindh, A.G., Eaton, J.P., O’Neill Allen, M., Healy, J., Stewart, S., and Damerell, L., 1999, Calibration formulae and values for velocity seismometers used in the 1998 Santa Clara Valley, California seismic experiment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-434, Report: PDF, 7 p.; Report: DOC; 3 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99434.","productDescription":"Report: PDF, 7 p.; Report: DOC; 3 Tables","numberOfPages":"7","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"1998-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99434.jpg"},{"id":1270,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0434/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284986,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0434/pdf/of99-434.pdf"},{"id":284987,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0434/of99-434.doc"},{"id":284988,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0434/Table1.xls"},{"id":284989,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0434/Table2.xls"},{"id":284990,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0434/Table3.xls"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.85596,37.23995 ], [ -121.85596,37.257714 ], [ -121.823945,37.257714 ], [ -121.823945,37.23995 ], [ -121.85596,37.23995 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd500ae4b0b290850f318d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindh, Allan Goddard","contributorId":59798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindh","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"Goddard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, Jerry P.","contributorId":22341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neill Allen, Mary","contributorId":99462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill Allen","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Healy, John H.","contributorId":19562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stewart, Samuel W.","contributorId":20250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Samuel W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Damerell, Lu","contributorId":25073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damerell","given":"Lu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":21916,"text":"ofr99432 - 1999 - Lithostratigraphy, geophysics, biostratigraphy, and strontium-isotope stratigraphy of the surficial aquifer system of eastern Collier County and northern Monroe County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-18T19:01:23.607024","indexId":"ofr99432","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-432","title":"Lithostratigraphy, geophysics, biostratigraphy, and strontium-isotope stratigraphy of the surficial aquifer system of eastern Collier County and northern Monroe County, Florida","docAbstract":"In 1997, ten cores were drilled in eastern Collier County and northern Monroe County, within the limits of the Big Cypress National Preserve. These cores represent a continuation of the study of seven cores in western Collier County begun in 1996 and reported in Weedman and others (1997) and Edwards and others (1998). This joint U.S. Geological Survey and Florida Geological Survey project is designed to acquire subsurface geologic and hydrologic data in southwest Florida to extend current ground-water models, thereby expanding the utility of these models for land and water management. In this report we describe the lithostratigraphy, geophysical logging, sedimentological analysis, dinocyst biostratigraphy, and strontium-isotope stratigraphy of these ten cores. \r\n\r\nThe three geophysical logs (natural gamma-ray, induction conductivity, and neutron porosity) assumed to be related to formation lithology and water quality show that a number of clay-rich zones are present in all of the boreholes, and that pore-water conductivity increases with depth. The clay-rich zones are confirmed by visual examination of core material and sedimentological analysis.\r\n\r\nThe relative transmissivity calculated at 10-foot-thick intervals shows that in six of the boreholes, high values are associated with the shallow aquifer in the 0-40 ft interval. Two of the boreholes (the most northerly and the most easterly) showed relatively higher values of transmissivity in permeable zones at or somewhat below 100 ft in depth. Core geology and logs indicate that the deeper aquifers are not more permeable than similar deeper zones in the other boreholes, but rather that the shallow aquifer appears to be less permeable in these two coreholes.\r\n\r\nThe Arcadia (?) Formation was only penetrated in the deepest core where it is late Miocene in age. The Peace River Formation was penetrated in all but the two westernmost cores. It yields a late Miocene age, based on both dinocysts and strontium-isotope stratigraphy. The top is an irregular surface. Age and stratigraphic relations suggest that the upper part of the Peace River and lower part of the unnamed formation are at least partially equivalent laterally.\r\n\r\nThe unnamed formation was recovered in every core. It is thinnest in the northernmost core and thickest to the west. Ages calculated from strontium isotopes range from 6.9 to 4.6 million years ago (late Miocene to early Pliocene). The top of the unnamed formation is deepest to the north and it becomes shallower to the southwest.\r\n\r\nThe Tamiami Formation also was recovered in every core and consistently yields early Pliocene ages; it yields late Pliocene ages near the top in two cores. The age and lateral relations strongly suggest that the lower part of the Tamiami Formation and the upper part of the unnamed formation are lateral facies of each other.\r\n\r\nThe Fort Thompson (?) Formation, Miami Limestone, and undifferentiated siliciclastic sediments and limestone at the very top of the cores were not dated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99432","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Weedman, S., Paillet, F.L., Edwards, L.E., Simmons, K.R., Scott, T., Wardlaw, B.R., Reese, R., and Blair, J., 1999, Lithostratigraphy, geophysics, biostratigraphy, and strontium-isotope stratigraphy of the surficial aquifer system of eastern Collier County and northern Monroe County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-432, 125 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99432.","productDescription":"125 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1275,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-432/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":482192,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-432/of99-432.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Collier County, Monroe County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.9854736328125,\n 25.530050090109015\n ],\n [\n -80.958251953125,\n 25.530050090109015\n ],\n [\n -80.958251953125,\n 26.58607100679426\n ],\n [\n -81.9854736328125,\n 26.58607100679426\n ],\n [\n -81.9854736328125,\n 25.530050090109015\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635f8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weedman, S.D.","contributorId":23961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weedman","given":"S.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, T.M.","contributorId":66694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wardlaw, B. R.","contributorId":9269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reese, R.S.","contributorId":17644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Blair, J. L.","contributorId":55857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"J.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":32306,"text":"ofr99578 - 1999 - Rock-fall potential in the Yosemite Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T07:34:57","indexId":"ofr99578","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-578","title":"Rock-fall potential in the Yosemite Valley, California","docAbstract":"We used two methods of estimating rock-fall potential in the Yosemite Valley, California based on (1) physical evidence of previous rock-fall travel, in which the potential extends to the base of the talus, and (2) theoretical potential energy considerations, in which the potential can extend beyond the base of the talus, herein referred to as the rock-fall shadow. Rock falls in the valley commonly range in size from individual boulders of less than 1 m3 to moderate-sized falls with volumes of about 100,000 m3. Larger rock falls exceeding 100,000 m3, referred to as rock avalanches, are considered to be much less likely to occur based on the relatively few prehistoric rock-fall avalanche deposits in the Yosemite Valley. Because the valley has steep walls and is relatively narrow, there are no areas that are absolutely safe from large rock avalanches. The map shows areas of rock-fall potential, but does not predict when or how frequently a rock fall will occur. Consequently, neither the hazard in terms of probability of a rock fall at any specific location, nor the risk to people or facilities to such events can be assessed from this map.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99578","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, G.F., Morrissey, M.M., Iovine, G., and Godt, J., 1999, Rock-fall potential in the Yosemite Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-578, Report: 7 p.; 1 Plate: 49.38 x 31.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99578.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p.; 1 Plate: 49.38 x 31.82 inches","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3302,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0578/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":371301,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0578/yosemap.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0578/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60332,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0578/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"12000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.68333333,\n 37.7\n ],\n [\n -119.51,\n 37.7\n ],\n [\n -119.51,\n 37.775\n ],\n [\n -119.68333333,\n 37.775\n ],\n [\n -119.68333333,\n 37.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe4ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrissey, Meghan M.","contributorId":98765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"Meghan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iovine, Giulio","contributorId":60690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iovine","given":"Giulio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":207515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":38121,"text":"ofr99555 - 1999 - The Silent Canyon caldera complex — A three-dimensional model based on drill-hole stratigraphy and gravity inversion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T12:49:49.93233","indexId":"ofr99555","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-555","title":"The Silent Canyon caldera complex — A three-dimensional model based on drill-hole stratigraphy and gravity inversion","docAbstract":"The structural framework of Pahute Mesa, Nevada, is dominated by the Silent Canyon caldera complex, a buried, multiple collapse caldera complex. Using the boundary surface between low density Tertiary volcanogenic rocks and denser granitic and weakly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks (basement) as the outer fault surfaces for the modeled collapse caldera complex, it is postulated that the caldera complex collapsed on steeply- dipping arcuate faults two, possibly three, times following eruption of at least two major ash-flow tuffs. The caldera and most of its eruptive products are now deeply buried below the surface of Pahute Mesa. Relatively low-density rocks in the caldera complex produce one of the largest gravity lows in the western conterminous United States. Gravity modeling defines a steep sided, cup-shaped depression as much as 6,000 meters (19,800 feet) deep that is surrounded and floored by denser rocks. The steeply dipping surface located between the low-density basin fill and the higher density external rocks is considered to be the surface of the ring faults of the multiple calderas. Extrapolation of this surface upward to the outer, or topographic rim, of the Silent Canyon caldera complex defines the upper part of the caldera collapse structure. Rock units within and outside the Silent Canyon caldera complex are combined into seven hydrostratigraphic units based on their predominant hydrologic characteristics. The caldera structures and other faults on Pahute Mesa are used with the seven hydrostratigraphic units to make a three-dimensional geologic model of Pahute Mesa using the \"EarthVision\" (Dynamic Graphics, Inc.) modeling computer program. This method allows graphic representation of the geometry of the rocks and produces computer generated cross sections, isopach maps, and three-dimensional oriented diagrams. These products have been created to aid in visualizing and modeling the ground-water flow system beneath Pahute Mesa.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99555","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operation Office U.S. Department of Energy (Interagency Agreement DE-AI08-96NV11967)","usgsCitation":"McKee, E.H., Hildenbrand, T.G., Anderson, M., Rowley, P.D., and Sawyer, D.A., 1999, The Silent Canyon caldera complex — A three-dimensional model based on drill-hole stratigraphy and gravity inversion: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-555, Report: 79 p., 6 Plates: 21.04 x 17.89 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99555.","productDescription":"Report: 79 p., 6 Plates: 21.04 x 17.89 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"83","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":64370,"rank":10,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0555/pdf/of99-555.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":3456,"rank":9,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0555/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392966,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23045.htm"},{"id":285070,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99555.jpg"},{"id":285069,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0555/pdf/Fig11aBIG.pdf"},{"id":285068,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0555/pdf/Fig10aBIG.pdf"},{"id":285064,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0555/pdf/Fig06aBIG.pdf"},{"id":285067,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0555/pdf/Fig09aBIG.pdf"},{"id":285066,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0555/pdf/Fig08aBIG.pdf"},{"id":285065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0555/pdf/Fig07aBIG.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Silent Canyon caldera complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.575,\n 37.158\n ],\n [\n -116.237,\n 37.158\n ],\n [\n -116.237,\n 37.404\n ],\n [\n -116.575,\n 37.404\n ],\n [\n -116.575,\n 37.158\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcb93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":219067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Megan L.","contributorId":69189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Megan L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rowley, Peter D.","contributorId":27435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":219066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":23671,"text":"ofr99587 - 1999 - Preliminary report on deposit models for sand and gravel in the Cache la Poudre River valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T16:02:22","indexId":"ofr99587","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-587","title":"Preliminary report on deposit models for sand and gravel in the Cache la Poudre River valley","docAbstract":"The stratigraphy, sedimentary features, and physical characteristics of gravel deposits in the Cache la Poudre River\r\nvalley were studied to establish geologic models for these deposits. Because most of the gravel mined in the valley is\r\nbeneath the low terraces and floodplain, the quality of these deposits for aggregate was studied in detail at eight sites in a\r\n25.5-mile reach between Fort Collins and Greeley, Colorado. Aggregate quality was determined by field and laboratory\r\nmeasurements on samples collected under a consistent sampling plan.\r\nThe Broadway terrace is underlain by Pleistocene alluvium and, at some places, by fine-grained wind-blown\r\ndeposits. The Piney Creek terrace, low terraces, and floodplain are primarily underlain by Holocene alluvium.\r\nPleistocene alluvium may underlie these terraces at isolated locations along the river. Gravels beneath the Piney Creek\r\nterrace, low terraces, and floodplain are divisible into two units that are poorly distinguishable at the upstream end of the\r\nstudy area, but are readily distinguishable about 7 miles downstream. Where distinguished, the two gravel units are\r\nseparated by a sharp, locally erosional, contact. The upper gravel is probably of Holocene age, but the lower gravel is\r\nconsidered to be Holocene and Pleistocene.\r\nThe primary variation in particle size of the gravels beneath the floodplain and low terraces of the Cache la Poudre\r\nRiver valley is the downstream decrease in the proportion of particles measuring 3/4 inch and larger. Above Fort Collins,\r\nabout 60 pct of the gravel collects on the 3/4 inch sieve, whereas about 50 pct of gravel collects on the same sieve size at\r\nGreeley. For 1.5-inch sieves, the corresponding values are about 50 pct for Fort Collins and only about 30 pct for\r\nGreeley. Local differences in particle size and sorting between the upper and lower gravel units were observed in the\r\nfield, but only the coarsest particle sizes appear to have been concentrated in the lower unit.\r\nField measurements of aggregate quality, pebble lithology, and shape show little significant downstream variation.\r\nPebble lithology is about 25 percent granite; 48 percent pegmatite; 5-7 percent each of gneiss, quartz, and quartzite; and\r\nminor amounts of diabase, schist, volcanic porphyry, and sandstone. Among the rock types, only the volcanic porphyries\r\nmight be reactive with Portland cement.\r\nPebble shape is dominantly equidimensional with a tendency to form thick, disc-shaped particles. Disc-shaped and\r\nspherical particles comprise about 39 percent and 31 percent of the pebble-size fraction, respectively. Rod and blade\r\nshapes comprise about 18 and 12 percent of the pebble-size fraction, respectively. The relatively large proportion of\r\nequidimensional particles in the Cache la Poudre may be due to the small proportion of layered gneiss in gravel. Pebbles\r\nhaving axial ratios less than 0.5, which might be structurally weak, are rare.\r\nThe two gravel units show subtle local differences and evidence for derivation of the younger gravel from the older\r\ngravel. At many sites, the upper gravel unit tends to contain more quartz plus quartzite, has poorer physical quality, and\r\ncontains more angular pebbles than the lower gravel. Weathering, followed by transport in the river, might be expected to\r\nconcentrate quartz and quartzite, degrade physical quality, and break pebbles into angular fragments. This conclusion is\r\nconsistent with local evidence of an erosional contact between the two gravel units.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr99587","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., and Lindsey, D.A., 1999, Preliminary report on deposit models for sand and gravel in the Cache la Poudre River valley: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-587, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99587.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52929,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0587/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1701,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0587/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0587/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696352","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsey, D. A.","contributorId":49814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23684,"text":"ofr99238 - 1999 - Procedures and computer programs for telescopic mesh refinement using MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:15","indexId":"ofr99238","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-238","title":"Procedures and computer programs for telescopic mesh refinement using MODFLOW","docAbstract":"Ground-water models are commonly used to evaluate flow systems in areas that are small\r\nrelative to entire aquifer systems. In many of these analyses, simulation of the entire flow system\r\nis not desirable or will not allow sufficient detail in the area of interest. The procedure of telescopic\r\nmesh refinement allows use of a small, detailed model in the area of interest by taking boundary\r\nconditions from a larger model that encompasses the model in the area of interest. Some previous\r\nstudies have used telescopic mesh refinement; however, better procedures are needed in carrying\r\nout telescopic mesh refinement using the U.S. Geological Survey ground-water flow model,\r\nreferred to as MODFLOW. This report presents general procedures and three computer programs\r\nfor use in telescopic mesh refinement with MODFLOW. The first computer program, MODTMR,\r\nconstructs MODFLOW data sets for a local or embedded model using MODFLOW data sets and\r\nsimulation results from a regional or encompassing model. The second computer program,\r\nTMRDIFF, provides a means of comparing head or drawdown in the local model with head or\r\ndrawdown in the corresponding area of the regional model. The third program, RIVGRID,\r\nprovides a means of constructing data sets for the River Package, Drain Package, General-Head\r\nBoundary Package, and Stream Package for regional and local models using grid-independent data\r\nspecifying locations of these features. RIVGRID may be needed in some applications of telescopic\r\nmesh refinement because regional-model data sets do not contain enough information on locations\r\nof head-dependent flow features to properly locate the features in local models. The program is a\r\ngeneral utility program that can be used in constructing data sets for head-dependent flow packages\r\nfor any MODFLOW model under construction.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr99238","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Claar, D.V., 1999, Procedures and computer programs for telescopic mesh refinement using MODFLOW: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-238, vii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99238.","productDescription":"vii, 53 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0238/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":11530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://az.water.usgs.gov/MODTMR/tmr.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52938,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0238/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1306","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claar, David V.","contributorId":10068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claar","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22542,"text":"ofr99461 - 1999 - Selected hydrologic data from the Cedar Rapids area, Linn County, Iowa, April 1996 through March 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T12:29:09","indexId":"ofr99461","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-461","title":"Selected hydrologic data from the Cedar Rapids area, Linn County, Iowa, April 1996 through March 1999","docAbstract":"The City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa obtains its municipal water supply from four well fields along the Cedar River. The wells are completed at depths of about 60 to 80 feet in a shallow alluvial aquifer adjacent to the Cedar River. The City of Cedar Rapids and the U.S. Geological Survey have conducted a cooperative study of the groundwater flow system and water quality near the well fields since 1992. The purpose of this report is to document selected hydrologic data collected from April 1996 through March 1999. Data include the results of water-quality analyses, ground-waterlevels continuously measured with pressure transducers and data recorders, and physical properties continuously monitored using multiprobe instruments. Water-quality samples were collected from selected wells and the Cedar River to conduct periodic monitoring, to evaluate ground-water geochemistry, to assess the occurrence of pesticides and herbicide degradates in the alluvial aquifer, and to characterize water quality in shallow ground water near a wetland area in the Seminole Well Field. Types of water-quality analyses included common ions (calcium, chloride, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, silica, sodium, and sulfate), trace elements (boron, bromide, and fluoride), nutrients (ammonia as nitrogen, nitrite as nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, and orthophosphate as phosphorus), dissolved organic carbon, and selected pesticides and herbicide degradates. Ground-water levels in selected observation wells were continuously measured to assess temporal trends in groundwater levels in the alluvial aquifer and bedrock aquifer, to help calibrate a ground-water flow model being constructed to simulate local groundwater flow under transient conditions near the well fields, and to assess hydrologic conditions near a wetland area in the Seminole Well Field. Physical properties (specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature) were continuously monitored to assess temporal variation and to help evaluate the interaction between the Cedar River and ground water in the alluvial aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99461","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa","usgsCitation":"Boyd, R., Kuzniar, R., and Schulmeyer, P., 1999, Selected hydrologic data from the Cedar Rapids area, Linn County, Iowa, April 1996 through March 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-461, viii, 241 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99461.","productDescription":"viii, 241 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0461/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52037,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0461/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Cedar 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More than 13 billion barrels of oil equivalent (79 trillion cubic feet of gas) known ultimately recoverable gas reserves in seven fields were sourced from Triassic marine and continental shales and stored in Jurassic (97%) and Triassic (3%) marine and continental sandstone reservoir rocks. The basins contain 18-20 kilometers of pre-Upper Permian carbonate and post-Upper Permian siliciclastic sedimentary fill. Late Permian-Triassic(?) rifting and subsidence resulted in the deposition of as much as 9 kilometers of Triassic strata, locally injected with sills. Rapidly buried Lower Triassic source rocks generated hydrocarbons as early as Late Triassic into stratigraphic traps and structural closures that were modified periodically. Thermal cooling and deformation associated with Cenozoic uplift impacted seal integrity and generation processes, modified traps, and caused gas expansion and remigration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9950N","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lindquist, S.J., 1999, South and North Barents Triassic-Jurassic total petroleum system of the Russian offshore Arctic: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-50, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9950N.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0050n/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52972,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0050n/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1747,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0050/OF99-50N/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 27.421875,\n 71.91088787611527\n ],\n [\n 43.154296875,\n 64.84893726357947\n ],\n [\n 66.005859375,\n 66.89559561140706\n ],\n [\n 83.671875,\n 74.47290269579455\n ],\n [\n 81.298828125,\n 77.91566898632584\n ],\n [\n 59.501953125,\n 77.44694030325893\n ],\n [\n 27.421875,\n 71.91088787611527\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindquist, Sandra J.","contributorId":17646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindquist","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5601,"text":"fs18999 - 1999 - High-Resolution Land Use and Land Cover Mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-29T17:02:31","indexId":"fs18999","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"189-99","title":"High-Resolution Land Use and Land Cover Mapping","docAbstract":"As the Nation?s population grows, quantifying, monitoring, and managing land use becomes increasingly important. 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