The Tremont Barrel Fill site is immediately north of the Tremont City Landfill near Tremont City, Clark County, Ohio. The site was an unlined pit used as a repository for disposing industrial liquid wastes and sludge from 1976 through 1979. Previous investigations led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to conclude that the site poses a contamination risk to nearby residents relying on private supply wells opened to the underlying deep sand and gravel and limestone aquifers. The USEPA also concluded there is a potential risk to the residents of the nearby Tremont City; the city obtains its municipal water supply from the Mad River Valley aquifer, which is recharged by the adjacent limestone aquifer. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessed the degree of hydraulic interconnection, and thus possible contaminant pathway(s), between the two aquifers (the sand and gravel and the limestone) underlying the Barrel Fill site, with consideration for the impact of an identified interconnection between the limestone and the Mad River Valley aquifer used for municipal supply.
\nAquifer interconnection between the sand and gravel aquifer overlying the limestone aquifer is assessed by analysis of specific capacity data from well-construction logs for derivation of estimates of transmissivity (T) and horizontal hydraulic conductivity (Kh). Data of this nature is limited in the control or knowledge about how well these data were collected and reported; therefore, the T and Kh are estimations. Similar values of T and Kh are used to infer the degree of aquifer interconnection based on the USEPA Hazard Ranking System, which states that aquifers are considered interconnected when the hydraulic conductivities are within two orders of magnitude.
\nThe results of the hydraulic analysis from 127 wells open to either the sand and gravel or the limestone aquifer indicate that the transmissivity of these aquifers is within one order of magnitude and horizontal hydraulic conductivity is within two orders of magnitude. As such, on the basis of the applied ranking system the two aquifers can be considered hydraulically interconnected.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151026","usgsCitation":"Gahala, A.M., 2015, Evaluation of aquifer interconnection from aquifer characteristics computed by using specific capacity data within the vicinity of the Tremont Barrel Fill site, Clark County, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1026, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151026.","productDescription":"27 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061351","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151026.jpg"},{"id":297951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1026/"},{"id":297952,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1026/pdf/ofr2015-1026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Clark County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.96987915039061,\n 39.839122664473194\n ],\n [\n -83.96987915039061,\n 40.00552775916049\n ],\n [\n -83.6334228515625,\n 40.00552775916049\n ],\n [\n -83.6334228515625,\n 39.839122664473194\n ],\n [\n -83.96987915039061,\n 39.839122664473194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ddcea6e4b08de9379b3932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gahala, Amy M. 0000-0003-2380-2973 agahala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-2973","contributorId":4396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gahala","given":"Amy","email":"agahala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70059151,"text":"sir20135232 - 2015 - Water-level conditions in the confined aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-26T08:09:59","indexId":"sir20135232","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-12T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5232","title":"Water-level conditions in the confined aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain, 2008","docAbstract":"Groundwater-level altitudes in 10 confined aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain were measured and evaluated to provide an overview of regional groundwater conditions during fall 2008. Water levels were measured in more than 900 wells in New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania, and northern Delaware and potentiometric surface maps prepared for the confined Cohansey aquifer of Cape May County, the Rio Grande water-bearing zone, the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, the Piney Point, Vincentown, and the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifers, the Englishtown aquifer system, and the Upper, Middle, and Lower aquifers of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system. In 2008, the highest water-level altitudes were observed in the Vincentown aquifer (median, 78 ft) and the lowest in the Atlantic City 800-foot sand (median, -45 ft). Persistent, regionally extensive cones of depression were present within the potentiometric surfaces of the Englishtown aquifer system in east-central New Jersey, the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer in east-central and southern New Jersey, the Upper, Middle, and Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers in southern New Jersey, and the Atlantic City 800-foot sand in the southeastern part of the State. Cones of depression in the potentiometric surfaces of the Upper Potomac-Raritan-Magothy and the Piney Point aquifers in east-central and southwestern New Jersey had broadened and deepened since 2003.
\nDeclining water levels in many of New Jersey’s confined Coastal Plain aquifers intensified during the late 1970s and early 1980s, prompting the designation of two water-supply Critical Areas by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; Critical Areas 1 and 2 continued to be of concern. To address that concern, water-level changes were assessed in nearly 800 wells measured during the fall of 2003 and 2008, and potentiometric-surface difference maps for each aquifer were constructed and evaluated. In addition, water-level trends were calculated for 77 wells for the periods 2003–8 and 1998–2008 and for 73 wells for the period 1978–2008.
\nFrom 2003 to 2008 small to moderate water-level changes were observed in many Coastal Plain aquifers in New Jersey, but in places, groundwater levels continued to decline substantially as a result of pumping. Groundwater levels in the Atlantic City 800-foot sand were lower in 2008 than in 2003; declines were greatest near pumping centers in eastern Atlantic County. Changes were less pronounced in Cape May County where water levels were, on average, 1 to 3 feet (ft) lower than those during the previous study (2003), except near Rio Grande where a localized cone of depression had formed as a result of increased withdrawals. Large and widespread declines occurred in the Piney Point aquifer in Cumberland County where water levels in and around the city of Bridgeton had fallen in excess of 100 ft since 2003, and by 30 ft to more than 60 ft in surrounding areas. Groundwater levels in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer and Englishtown aquifer system continued to recover in east-central New Jersey; however, groundwater levels in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer throughout the southern part of the State continued to decline.
\nIn the Upper Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer, groundwater levels were substantially lower than in 2003 in parts of northern Ocean County but were stable in the area adjacent to Raritan Bay (Critical Area 1), and water levels continued to recover in southern New Jersey. In the Middle Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer, water levels rose near Raritan Bay in Middlesex County; however, modest declines were recorded in interior areas of Monmouth and Ocean Counties. Groundwater levels in both the Middle and Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers were stable or rising within the regional cone of depression in Critical Area 2; beyond the critical area in southern New Jersey, however, water levels were slightly lower than in 2003.
\nAnalyses of long-term water-level changes indicate that from 1978 to 2008 downward trends occurred at 20 wells (27 percent), upward trends at 27 wells (37 percent), and trends at 26 wells (36 percent) were insubstantial. Sustained, long-term declines were observed most often at wells within the Atlantic City 800-foot sand and at wells in the Piney Point aquifer in southern New Jersey, in which rates of decline were as great as 1.4 feet/year. Upward water-level trends were observed frequently at wells screened in the Englishtown aquifer system and the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer in Critical Area 1 in east-central New Jersey, and in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in parts of Critical Area 1 and throughout most of Critical Area 2 in southern New Jersey. Annual rates of upward change were as great as 3.9 and 5.6 ft/yr in the Englishtown aquifer system and Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, respectively. Among the units of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, annual rates of recovery were greatest in the Lower aquifer.
\nFrom 1998 to 2008, downward water-level trends were observed at 22 wells (29 percent), upward trends were observed at 21 wells (27 percent), and insubstantial trends at 34 wells (44 percent). Downward trends were detected most often at wells open to the Piney Point aquifer and the Atlantic City 800-foot sand. Upward water-level trends were most frequent in wells open to the Englishtown aquifer system in Critical Area 1 and in wells within the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in southern New Jersey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"DePaul, V.T., and Rosman, R., 2015, Water-level conditions in the confined aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5232, Report: vii, 107 p.; 9 Plates: 34 inches x 44 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135232.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 107 p.; 9 Plates: 34 inches x 44 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049629","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135232.jpg"},{"id":297934,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5232/pdf/sir2013-5232-plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"4.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2","linkHelpText":"Potentiometric surface of the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, 2008"},{"id":297932,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5232/pdf/sir2013-5232.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5232/"},{"id":297933,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5232/pdf/sir2013-5232-plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1","linkHelpText":"Potentiometric surface of the Cohansey aquifer and the Rio Grande water-bearing zone, 2008"},{"id":297936,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5232/pdf/sir2013-5232-plate4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"3.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 4","linkHelpText":"Potentiometric surface of the Vincentown aquifer, 2008"},{"id":297935,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5232/pdf/sir2013-5232-plate3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"4.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3","linkHelpText":"Potentiometric surface of the Piney Point aquifer, 2008"},{"id":297937,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5232/pdf/sir2013-5232-plate5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","size":"4.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 5","linkHelpText":"Potentiometric surface of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, 2008"},{"id":297938,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5232/pdf/sir2013-5232-plate6.pdf","text":"Plate 6","size":"4.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 6","linkHelpText":"Potentiometric surface of the Englishtown aquifer system, 2008"},{"id":297939,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5232/pdf/sir2013-5232-plate7.pdf","text":"Plate 7","size":"4.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 7","linkHelpText":"Potentiometric surface of the Upper Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer, 2008"},{"id":297940,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5232/pdf/sir2013-5232-plate8.pdf","text":"Plate 8","size":"4.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 8","linkHelpText":"Potentiometric surface of the Middle and undifferentiated Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer, 2008"},{"id":297941,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5232/pdf/sir2013-5232-plate9.pdf","text":"Plate 9","size":"3.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 9","linkHelpText":"Potentiometric surface of the Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer, 2008"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.65185546874999,\n 38.950865400919994\n ],\n [\n -75.65185546874999,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 38.950865400919994\n ],\n [\n -75.65185546874999,\n 38.950865400919994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ddceaae4b08de9379b3934","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DePaul, Vincent T. 0000-0002-7977-5217 vdepaul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-5217","contributorId":2778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePaul","given":"Vincent","email":"vdepaul@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosman, Robert 0000-0001-5042-1872 rrosman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5042-1872","contributorId":2846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosman","given":"Robert","email":"rrosman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188571,"text":"70188571 - 2015 - Predicting locations of post-fire debris-flow erosionin the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-15T14:59:07","indexId":"70188571","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting locations of post-fire debris-flow erosionin the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California","docAbstract":"Timely hazard assessments are needed to assess post-fire debris flows that may\nimpact communities located within and adjacent to recently burned areas. Implementing\nexisting models for debris-flow probability and magnitude can be time-consuming because\nthe geographic extent for applying the models is manually defined. In this study, a model is\npresented for predicting locations of post-fire debris-flow erosion. This model is further\ncalibrated to identify the geographic extent for applying post-fire hazard assessment\nmodels. Aerial photographs were used to map locations of post-fire debris-flow erosion and\ndeposition in the San Gabriel Mountains. Terrain, burn severity, and soil characteristics\nexpected to influence debris-flow erosion and deposition were calculated for each mapped\nlocation using 10-m resolution DEMs, GIS data for burn severity, and soil surveys.\nMultiple logistic regression was used to develop a model that predicts the probability of\nerosion as a function of channel slope, planform curvature, and the length of the longest\nupstream flow path. The model was validated using an independent database of mapped\nlocations of debris-flow erosion and deposition and found to make accurate and precise\npredictions. The model was further calibrated by identifying the average percentage of the\ndrainage network classified as erosion for mapped locations where debris flows transitioned\nfrom eroding to depositing material. The calibrated model provides critical information\nfor consistent and timely application of post-fire debris-flow hazard assessment\nmodels and the ability to identify locations of post-fire debris-flow erosion.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-015-1656-3","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.E., Santi, P., and Cannon, S.H., 2015, Predicting locations of post-fire debris-flow erosionin the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California: Natural Hazards, v. 77, no. 2, p. 1305-1321, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1656-3.","productDescription":"17 p. 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Fifteen genera and 40 species were examined and (re-)illustrated with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy images, covering most of known deep-sea species in the central Arctic Ocean. Seven new species are described: Bythoceratina lomonosovensis n. sp., Cytheropteron parahamatum n. sp., Cytheropteron lanceae n. sp.,Cytheropteron irizukii n. sp., Pedicythere arctica n. sp., Cluthiawhatleyi n. sp., Krithe hunti n. sp. This study provides a robust taxonomic baseline for application to paleoceanographical reconstruction and biodiversity analyses in this climatically sensitive region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Micropaleontology","usgsCitation":"Yasuhara, M., Stepanova, A., Okahashi, H., Cronin, T.M., and Brouwers, E.M., 2015, Taxonomic revision of deep-sea Ostracoda from the Arctic Ocean: Micropaleontology, v. 60, no. 5, p. 399-444.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"444","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057580","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308326,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.micropress.org/microaccess/micropaleontology/issue-311/article-1895"}],"volume":"60","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56012aade4b03bc34f544437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yasuhara, Moriaki","contributorId":37935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasuhara","given":"Moriaki","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stepanova, Anna","contributorId":147368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stepanova","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16831,"text":"Borissiak Paleontological Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okahashi, Hisayo","contributorId":147369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Okahashi","given":"Hisayo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16832,"text":"Hong Kong University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brouwers, Elisabeth M. brouwers@usgs.gov","contributorId":190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brouwers","given":"Elisabeth","email":"brouwers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70143082,"text":"70143082 - 2015 - Establishing a definition of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) health: A guide to research and management activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-01T09:52:58","indexId":"70143082","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-11T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishing a definition of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) health: A guide to research and management activities","docAbstract":"The meaning of health for wildlife and perspectives on how to assess and measure health, are not well characterized. For wildlife at risk, such as some polar bear (Ursus maritimus) subpopulations, establishing comprehensive monitoring programs that include health status is an emerging need. Environmental changes, especially loss of sea ice habitat, have raised concern about polar bear health. Effective and consistent monitoring of polar bear health requires an unambiguous definition of health. We used the Delphi method of soliciting and interpreting expert knowledge to propose a working definition of polar bear health and to identify current concerns regarding health, challenges in measuring health, and important metrics for monitoring health. The expert opinion elicited through the exercise agreed that polar bear health is defined by characteristics and knowledge at the individual, population, and ecosystem level. The most important threats identified were in decreasing order: climate change, increased nutritional stress, chronic physiological stress, harvest management, increased exposure to contaminants, increased frequency of human interaction, diseases and parasites, and increased exposure to competitors. Fifteen metrics were identified to monitor polar bear health. Of these, indicators of body condition, disease and parasite exposure, contaminant exposure, and reproductive success were ranked as most important. We suggest that a cumulative effects approach to research and monitoring will improve the ability to assess the biological, ecological, and social determinants of polar bear health and provide measurable objectives for conservation goals and priorities and to evaluate progress.
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The aquifer systems with the three largest volumes of storage depletion include the High Plains aquifer, the Mississippi Embayment section of the Gulf Coastal Plain aquifer system, and the Central Valley of California. Depletion rates accelerated during 1945–1960, averaging 13.6 km3/year during the last half of the century, and after 2000 increased again to about 24 km3/year. Depletion intensity is a new parameter, introduced here, to provide a more consistent basis for comparing storage depletion problems among various aquifers by factoring in time and areal extent of the aquifer. During 2001–2008, the Central Valley of California had the largest depletion intensity. Groundwater depletion in the United States can explain 1.4% of observed sea-level rise during the 108-year study period and 2.1% during 2001–2008. Groundwater depletion must be confronted on local and regional scales to help reduce demand (primarily in irrigated agriculture) and/or increase supply.
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growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:05:22","indexId":"70140943","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-11T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2035,"text":"International Journal of Digital Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The integration of geophysical and enhanced Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data into a rule-based, piecewise regression-tree model to estimate cheatgrass beginning of spring growth","docAbstract":"Cheatgrass exhibits spatial and temporal phenological variability across the Great Basin as described by ecological models formed using remote sensing and other spatial data-sets. We developed a rule-based, piecewise regression-tree model trained on 99 points that used three data-sets – latitude, elevation, and start of season time based on remote sensing input data – to estimate cheatgrass beginning of spring growth (BOSG) in the northern Great Basin. The model was then applied to map the location and timing of cheatgrass spring growth for the entire area. The model was strong (R2 = 0.85) and predicted an average cheatgrass BOSG across the study area of 29 March–4 April. Of early cheatgrass BOSG areas, 65% occurred at elevations below 1452 m. The highest proportion of cheatgrass BOSG occurred between mid-April and late May. Predicted cheatgrass BOSG in this study matched well with previous Great Basin cheatgrass green-up studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Abingdon, UK","doi":"10.1080/17538947.2013.860196","usgsCitation":"Boyte, S.P., Wylie, B.K., Major, D.J., and Brown, J.F., 2015, The integration of geophysical and enhanced Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data into a rule-based, piecewise regression-tree model to estimate cheatgrass beginning of spring growth: International Journal of Digital Earth, v. 8, no. 2, p. 116-130, https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2013.860196.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037330","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2013.860196","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.84033203125,\n 40.12849105685408\n ],\n [\n -120.66284179687499,\n 39.21523130910491\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -114.686279296875,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -113.84033203125,\n 40.12849105685408\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2abfe4b08de9379b31d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyte, Stephen P. 0000-0002-5462-3225 sboyte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-3225","contributorId":3463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyte","given":"Stephen","email":"sboyte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Major, Donald J.","contributorId":83405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Major","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70140950,"text":"70140950 - 2015 - Mapping and monitoring cheatgrass dieoff in rangelands of the Northern Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:05:49","indexId":"70140950","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-11T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping and monitoring cheatgrass dieoff in rangelands of the Northern Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Understanding cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) dynamics in the Northern Great Basin rangelands, USA, is necessary to effectively manage the region’s lands. This study’s goal was to map and monitor cheatgrass performance to identify where and when cheatgrass dieoff occurred in the Northern Great Basin and to discover how this phenomenon was affected by climatic, topographic, and edaphic variables. We also examined how fire affected cheatgrass performance. Land managers and scientists are concerned by cheatgrass dieoff because it can increase land degradation, and its causes and effects are not fully known. To better understand the scope of cheatgrass dieoff, we developed multiple ecological models that integrated remote sensing data with geophysical and biophysical data. The models’ R2 ranged from 0.71 to 0.88, and their root mean squared errors (RMSEs) ranged from 3.07 to 6.95. Validation of dieoff data showed that 41% of pixels within independently developed dieoff polygons were accurately classified as dieoff, whereas 2% of pixels outside of dieoff polygons were classified as dieoff. Site potential, a long-term spatial average of cheatgrass cover, dominated the development of the cheatgrass performance model. Fire negatively affected cheatgrass performance 1 year postfire, but by the second year postfire performance exceeded prefire levels. The landscape-scale monitoring study presented in this paper helps increase knowledge about recent rangeland dynamics, including where cheatgrass dieoffs occurred and how cheatgrass responded to fire. This knowledge can help direct further investigation and/or guide land management activities that can capitalize on, or mitigate the effects of, cheatgrass dieoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2014.12.005","usgsCitation":"Boyte, S.P., Wylie, B.K., and Major, D.J., 2015, Mapping and monitoring cheatgrass dieoff in rangelands of the Northern Great Basin, USA: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 68, no. 1, p. 18-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2014.12.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053587","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northern Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.22314453124999,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -121.22314453124999,\n 44.85586880735725\n ],\n [\n -110.85205078124999,\n 44.85586880735725\n ],\n [\n -110.85205078124999,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -121.22314453124999,\n 40.1452892956766\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a94e4b08de9379b3112","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyte, Stephen P. 0000-0002-5462-3225 sboyte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-3225","contributorId":3463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyte","given":"Stephen","email":"sboyte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Major, Donald J.","contributorId":83405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Major","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141321,"text":"70141321 - 2015 - Detrital zircon U-Pb reconnaissance of the Franciscan subduction complex in northwestern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-23T11:17:16","indexId":"70141321","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-11T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detrital zircon U-Pb reconnaissance of the Franciscan subduction complex in northwestern California","docAbstract":"In northwestern California, the Franciscan subduction complex has been subdivided into seven major tectonostratigraphic units. We report U-Pb ages of ≈2400 detrital zircon grains from 26 sandstone samples from 5 of these units. Here, we tabulate each unit's interpreted predominant sediment source areas and depositional age range, ordered from the oldest to the youngest unit. (1) Yolla Bolly terrane: nearby Sierra Nevada batholith (SNB); ca. 118 to 98 Ma. Rare fossils had indicated that this unit was mostly 151-137 Ma, but it is mostly much younger. (2) Central Belt: SND; ca. 103 too 53 Ma (but poorly constrained), again mostly younger than previously thought. (3) Yager terrane: distant Idaho batholith (IB); ca. 52 to 50 Ma. Much of the Yager's detritus was shed during major core complex extension and erosion in Idaho that started 53 Ma. An eocene Princeton River-Princeton submarine canyon system transported this detritus to the Great Valley forearc basin and thence to the Franciscan trench. (4) Coastal terrane: mostly IB, ±SNB, ±nearby Cascade arc, ±Nevada Cenozoic ignimbrite belt; 52 to <32 Ma. (5) King Range terrane: dominated by IB and SNB zircons; parts 16-14 Ma based on microfossils. Overall, some Franciscan units are younger than previously thought, making them more compatible with models for the growth of subduction complexes by positive accretion. From ca. 118 to 70 Ma, Franciscan sediments were sourced mainly from the nearby Sierra Nevada region and were isolated from southwestern US and Mexican sources. From 53 to 49 Ma, the Franciscan was sourced from both Idaho and the Sierra Nevada. By 37-32 Ma, input from Idaho had ceased. The influx from Idaho probably reflects major tectonism in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, plus development of a through-going Princeton River to California, rather than radical changes in the subduction system at the Franciscan trench itself.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","publisherLocation":"Silver Spring, MD","doi":"10.1080/00206814.2015.1008060","collaboration":"Stanford University, UC Santa Cruz","usgsCitation":"Dimitru, T., Ernst, W.G., Hourigan, J.K., and McLaughlin, R.J., 2015, Detrital zircon U-Pb reconnaissance of the Franciscan subduction complex in northwestern California: International Geology Review, p. 1-35, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2015.1008060.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060941","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Detrital_zircon_U_8211_Pb_reconnaissance_of_the_Franciscan_subduction_complex_in_northwestern_California/1305626","text":"External Repository"},{"id":298107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 38.25543637637947\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -121.17919921875001,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -121.17919921875001,\n 38.25543637637947\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 38.25543637637947\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ec5d3ee4b02d776a67daa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dimitru, Trevor","contributorId":139288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dimitru","given":"Trevor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6705,"text":"Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ernst, W. Gary","contributorId":139289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ernst","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[{"id":6705,"text":"Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hourigan, Jeremy K.","contributorId":99023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hourigan","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, Robert J. 0000-0002-4390-2288 rjmcl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":1428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Robert","email":"rjmcl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70140798,"text":"70140798 - 2015 - Earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanisms in central Oklahoma reveal a complex system of reactivated subsurface strike-slip faulting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T11:00:42","indexId":"70140798","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-11T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanisms in central Oklahoma reveal a complex system of reactivated subsurface strike-slip faulting","docAbstract":"The sharp increase in seismicity over a broad region of central Oklahoma has raised concern regarding the source of the activity and its potential hazard to local communities and energy industry infrastructure. Since early 2010, numerous organizations have deployed temporary portable seismic stations in central Oklahoma in order to record the evolving seismicity. In this study, we apply a multiple-event relocation method to produce a catalog of 3,639 central Oklahoma earthquakes from late 2009 through 2014. RMT source parameters were determined for 195 of the largest and best-recorded earthquakes. Combining RMT results with relocated seismicity enabled us to determine the length, depth and style-of-faulting occurring on reactivated subsurface fault systems. Results show that the majority of earthquakes occur on near vertical, optimally oriented (NE-SW and NW-SE), strike-slip faults in the shallow crystalline basement. These are necessary first order observations required to assess the potential hazards of individual faults in Oklahoma.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/2014GL062730","usgsCitation":"McNamara, D.E., Benz, H.M., Herrmann, R., Bergman, E.A., Earle, P.S., Holland, A.F., Baldwin, R.W., and Gassner, A., 2015, Earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanisms in central Oklahoma reveal a complex system of reactivated subsurface strike-slip faulting: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 8, p. 2742-2749, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062730.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2742","endPage":"2749","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063056","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.crossref.org/servlet/query?format=unixref&pid=bib@gfz-potsdam.de&id=10.1002/2014GL062730","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.996826171875,\n 33.38558626887102\n ],\n [\n -102.996826171875,\n 37.58811876638322\n ],\n [\n -93.9990234375,\n 37.58811876638322\n ],\n [\n -93.9990234375,\n 33.38558626887102\n ],\n [\n -102.996826171875,\n 33.38558626887102\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6fe4b08de9379b305e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herrmann, Robert B.","contributorId":80255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergman, Eric A. 0000-0002-7069-8286","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-8286","contributorId":84513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Earle, Paul S. pearle@usgs.gov","contributorId":840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"Paul","email":"pearle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holland, Austin F.","contributorId":59243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holland","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baldwin, Randy W. rbaldwin@usgs.gov","contributorId":4510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Randy","email":"rbaldwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gassner, A.","contributorId":139218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gassner","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70138590,"text":"fs20153004 - 2015 - Effects of water-resource development on Yellowstone River streamflow, 1928-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-11T10:42:27","indexId":"fs20153004","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-11T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3004","title":"Effects of water-resource development on Yellowstone River streamflow, 1928-2002","docAbstract":"Major floods in 1996 and 1997 intensified public concern about the effects of human activities on the Yellowstone River in Montana. In 1999, the Yellowstone River Conservation District Council, whose members are primarily representatives from the conservation districts bordering the main stem of the Yellowstone River, was formed to promote wise use and conservation of the Yellowstone River’s natural resources. The Yellowstone River Conservation District Council is working with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to understand the cumulative hydrologic effects of water-resource development in the Yellowstone River Basin. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Yellowstone River Conservation District Council, and U.S. Geological Survey began cooperatively studying the Yellowstone River in 2010, publishing four reports describing streamflow information for selected sites in the Yellowstone River Basin, 1928–2002. Detailed information about the methods used, as well as summary streamflow statistics, are available in the four reports. The purpose of this fact sheet is to highlight findings from the published reports and describe the effects of water use and structures, primarily dams, on the Yellowstone River streamflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Yellowstone River Conservation District Council and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Eddy-Miller, C., and Chase, K.J., 2015, Effects of water-resource development on Yellowstone River streamflow, 1928-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3004, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153004.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1928-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-059463","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153004.jpg"},{"id":297913,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3004/pdf/fs2015-3004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297906,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3004/"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 47.938426929481054\n ],\n [\n -103.216552734375,\n 47.938426929481054\n ],\n [\n -103.216552734375,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 42.374778361114195\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6fe4b08de9379b3061","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chase, Katherine J. 0000-0002-5796-4148 kchase@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5796-4148","contributorId":454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Katherine","email":"kchase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70140818,"text":"ofr20141248 - 2015 - Magnetotelluric data collected to characterize aquifers in the San Luis Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-11T09:38:42","indexId":"ofr20141248","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-11T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1248","title":"Magnetotelluric data collected to characterize aquifers in the San Luis Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a series of multidisciplinary studies of the San Luis Basin as part of the Geologic Framework of Rio Grande Basins project. Detailed geologic mapping, high-resolution airborne magnetic surveys, gravity surveys, magnetotelluric surveys, and hydrologic and lithologic data are being used to better understand the aquifers in the San Luis Basin. This report describes one north-south and two east-west regional magnetotelluric sounding profiles, acquired in June of 2010 and July and August of 2011, across the San Luis Basin in northern New Mexico. No interpretation of the data is included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141248","usgsCitation":"Ailes, C.E., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2015, Magnetotelluric data collected to characterize aquifers in the San Luis Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1248, Report: iv, 9 p.; Table 2; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141248.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; Table 2; Appendix","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038565","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141248.jpg"},{"id":297905,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/"},{"id":297909,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/pdf/ofr2014-1248.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297910,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/downloads/ofr2014-1248_Table2.xls","text":"Table 2","size":"1.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 2"},{"id":297911,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/downloads/ofr2014-1248_Appendix.pdf","size":"79.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.28036499023438,\n 36.147855714690515\n ],\n [\n -106.28036499023438,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -105.10345458984375,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -105.10345458984375,\n 36.147855714690515\n ],\n [\n -106.28036499023438,\n 36.147855714690515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a94e4b08de9379b310e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ailes, Chad E. cailes@usgs.gov","contributorId":3995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ailes","given":"Chad","email":"cailes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70140628,"text":"ofr20151028 - 2015 - Strike-parallel and strike-normal coordinate system around geometrically complicated rupture traces: use by NGA-West2 and further improvements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-11T09:20:44","indexId":"ofr20151028","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-11T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1028","title":"Strike-parallel and strike-normal coordinate system around geometrically complicated rupture traces: use by NGA-West2 and further improvements","docAbstract":"We present a two-dimensional system of generalized coordinates for use with geometrically complex fault ruptures that are neither straight nor continuous. The coordinates are a generalization of the conventional strike-normal and strike-parallel coordinates of a single straight fault. The presented conventions and formulations are applicable to a single curved trace, as well as multiple traces representing the rupture of branching faults or noncontiguous faults. An early application of our generalized system is in the second round of the Next Generation of Ground-Motion Attenuation Model project for the Western United States (NGA-West2), where they were used in the characterization of the hanging-wall effects. We further improve the NGA-West2 strike-parallel formulation for multiple rupture traces with a more intuitive definition of the nominal strike direction. We also derive an analytical expression for the gradient of the generalized strike-normal coordinate. The direction of this gradient may be used as the strike-normal direction in the study of polarization effects on ground motions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151028","usgsCitation":"Spudich, P.A., and Chiou, B., 2015, Strike-parallel and strike-normal coordinate system around geometrically complicated rupture traces: use by NGA-West2 and further improvements: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1028, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151028.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062882","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151028.PNG"},{"id":297903,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1028/"},{"id":297907,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1028/pdf/ofr2015-1028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"938 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab9e4b08de9379b31ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spudich, Paul A. 0000-0002-9484-4997 spudich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-4997","contributorId":2372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"Paul","email":"spudich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chiou, Brian","contributorId":139219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiou","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70225727,"text":"70225727 - 2015 - Simulation of acceleration field of the Lushan earthquake (Ms7.0, April 20, 2013, China)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T11:49:49.750359","indexId":"70225727","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-11T06:45:27","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of acceleration field of the Lushan earthquake (Ms7.0, April 20, 2013, China)","docAbstract":"The acceleration field of the Lushan earthquake (Ms7.0, April 20, 2013, China) is simulated using a new modified version of the stochastic finite-fault method (EXSIM) based on a dynamic corner frequency approach. To incorporate the effect of heterogeneous slip distribution on the variation of source spectrum, we adopt an empirical source spectral model and derive the corresponding dynamic parameters, which vary with the cumulative seismic moment of the ruptured area.
The new modified method is validated by: 1) comparison of the simulation results with those obtained from the EXSIM method using near-fault ground motion data of the 1994 Northridge earthquake; 2) comparison of simulated PGA contour map inferred from synthetic time histories at 315 grid locations with the observed PGA shakemap for the 2013 Lushan earthquake; 3) comparison of simulated PGA with those predicted by ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs); and 4) comparison of simulated time histories with observed acceleration records at six strong motion stations during the mainshock of the Lushan earthquake, in which local site response is considered in the simulation. These comparisons confirm the validity of the new simulation procedure for purposes of regional strong ground motion estimation. Limitations of the procedure in modeling the phasing of different arrivals in the seismic signal and near-surface response of geologic deposits are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.02.003","usgsCitation":"Guoxin, W., Yang, D., and Borcherdt, R.D., 2015, Simulation of acceleration field of the Lushan earthquake (Ms7.0, April 20, 2013, China): Engineering Geology, v. 189, p. 84-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.02.003.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-052934","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Lushan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 113.31298828125,\n 28.478348692223165\n ],\n [\n 118.7841796875,\n 28.478348692223165\n ],\n [\n 118.7841796875,\n 32.2313896627376\n ],\n [\n 113.31298828125,\n 32.2313896627376\n ],\n [\n 113.31298828125,\n 28.478348692223165\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"189","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guoxin, Wang","contributorId":268328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guoxin","given":"Wang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, Ding","contributorId":268329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Ding","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":257482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70140627,"text":"70140627 - 2015 - Repeated landscape-scale treatments following fire suppress a non-native annual grass and promote recovery of native perennial vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T11:07:49","indexId":"70140627","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-10T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Repeated landscape-scale treatments following fire suppress a non-native annual grass and promote recovery of native perennial vegetation","docAbstract":"Invasive non-native species pose a large threat to restoration efforts following large-scale disturbances. Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) is a non-native annual grass in the western U.S. that both spreads quickly following fire and accelerates the fire cycle. Herbicide and seeding applications are common restoration practices to break the positive fire-invasion feedback loop and recover native perennial species, but their interactive effects have infrequently been tested at the landscape-scale and repeated in time to encourage long-lasting effects. We determined the efficacy of repeated post-fire application of the herbicide imazapic and seeding treatments to suppressBromus abundance and promote perennial vegetation recovery. We found that the selective herbicide reduced Bromus cover by ~30 % and density by >50 % across our study sites, but had a strong initial negative effect on seeded species. The most effective treatment to promote perennial seeded species cover was seeding them alone followed by herbicide application 3 years later when the seeded species had established. The efficacy of the treatments was strongly influenced by water availability, as precipitation positively affected the density and cover of Bromus; soil texture and aspect secondarily influenced Bromus abundance and seeded species cover by modifying water retention in this semi-arid region. Warmer temperatures positively affected the non-native annual grass in the cool-season, but negatively affected seeded perennial species in the warm-season, suggesting an important role of seasonality in a region projected to experience large increases in warming in the future. Our results highlight the importance of environmental interactions and repeated treatments in influencing restoration outcomes at the landscape-scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-015-0847-x","usgsCitation":"Munson, S.M., Long, A.L., Decker, C.E., Johnson, K.A., Walsh, K., and Miller, M.E., 2015, Repeated landscape-scale treatments following fire suppress a non-native annual grass and promote recovery of native perennial vegetation: Biological Invasions, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1915-1926, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-0847-x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1915","endPage":"1926","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058692","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Zion National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.26629638671875,\n 37.084762325442966\n ],\n [\n -113.26629638671875,\n 37.54893261064109\n ],\n [\n -112.78976440429688,\n 37.54893261064109\n ],\n [\n -112.78976440429688,\n 37.084762325442966\n ],\n [\n -113.26629638671875,\n 37.084762325442966\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2aa9e4b08de9379b3170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, A. Lexine along@usgs.gov","contributorId":139181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"A.","email":"along@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lexine","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Decker, Cheryl E.","contributorId":86051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Decker","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Katie A.","contributorId":139182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12684,"text":"National Park Service, Lassen Volcanic National Park, Mineral, CA, 96063, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walsh, Kathleen","contributorId":139183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walsh","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12685,"text":"National Park Service, Zion National Park, Springdale, UT, 84767, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Mark E.","contributorId":91580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70142047,"text":"70142047 - 2015 - Model-based interpretation of sediment concentration and vertical flux measurements in a shallow estuarine environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T11:10:42","indexId":"70142047","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Model-based interpretation of sediment concentration and vertical flux measurements in a shallow estuarine environment","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional numerical model describing tidally varying vertical mixing and settling was used to interpret sediment concentrations and vertical fluxes observed in the shoals of South San Francisco Bay by two acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs) at elevations of 0.36 m and 0.72 m above bed. Measured sediment concentrations changed by up to 100 g m−3 over the semidiurnal tidal cycle. These dynamics were dominated by local resuspension and settling. Multiple particle class models suggested the existence of a class with fast settling velocities (ws of 9.0 × 10−4 m s−1 in spring and 5.8 × 10−4 m s−1 in fall) and a slowly settling particle fraction (ws of <1 × 10−7 m s−1 in spring and 1.4 × 10−5 m s−1 in fall). Modeled concentrations of slowly settling particles at 0.36 m were as high as 20 g m−3 during fall and varied with the spring-neap cycle while fine sediment concentrations in spring were constant around 5 g m−3. Analysis of in situ water column floc size distributions suggested that floc properties in the lower part of the water column were most likely governed by particle-size distribution on the bed and not by coagulation, validating our multiple particle size approach. A comparison of different sediment bed models with respect to model performance, sensitivity, and identifiability suggested that the use of a sediment erosion model linear in bottom shear stress τb (E = M (τb − τc)) was the most appropriate choice to describe the field observations when the critical shear stress τc and the proportionality factor M were kept constant.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/lno.10047","usgsCitation":"Brand, A., Lacy, J.R., Gladding, S., Holleman, R., and Stacey, M., 2015, Model-based interpretation of sediment concentration and vertical flux measurements in a shallow estuarine environment: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 60, no. 2, p. 463-481, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10047.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"481","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030148","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag%3A8063","text":"External Repository"},{"id":298178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.40554809570311,\n 37.42307124980106\n ],\n [\n -122.40554809570311,\n 37.69849090879089\n ],\n [\n -121.92008972167969,\n 37.69849090879089\n ],\n [\n -121.92008972167969,\n 37.42307124980106\n ],\n [\n -122.40554809570311,\n 37.42307124980106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f19544e4b02419550ceae8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brand, Andreas","contributorId":32415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12775,"text":"Department of Surface Waters – Research and Management, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172 jlacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":3158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"jlacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gladding, Steve","contributorId":54481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gladding","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12776,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holleman, Rusty","contributorId":139500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holleman","given":"Rusty","affiliations":[{"id":12776,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stacey, Mark T.","contributorId":94531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacey","given":"Mark T.","affiliations":[{"id":12776,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70099102,"text":"sir20145007 - 2015 - Geomorphic, flood, and groundwater-flow characteristics of Bayfield Peninsula streams, Wisconsin, and implications for brook-trout habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T16:17:27","indexId":"sir20145007","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-09T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5007","title":"Geomorphic, flood, and groundwater-flow characteristics of Bayfield Peninsula streams, Wisconsin, and implications for brook-trout habitat","docAbstract":"In 2002–03, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study of the geomorphic, flood, and groundwater-flow characteristics of five Bayfield Peninsula streams, Wisconsin (Cranberry River, Bark River, Raspberry River, Sioux River, and Whittlesey Creek) to determine the physical limitations for brook-trout habitat. The goals of the study were threefold: (1) to describe geomorphic characteristics and processes, (2) to determine how land-cover characteristics affect flood peaks, and (3) to determine how regional groundwater flow patterns affect base flow.
\nThe geomorphic characterization consisted of analyses of historical aerial photographs and General Land Office Survey notes, observations from helicopter video footage, surveys of valley cross sections, and coring. Sources of sediment were identified from the helicopter video and field surveys, and past erosion-control techniques were evaluated. Geomorphic processes, such as runoff sediment erosion, transport, and deposition, are driven by channel location within the drainage network, texture of glacial deposits, and proximity to postglacial lake shorelines; these processes have historically increased because of decreases in upland forest cover and channel roughness. Sources of sediment for all studied streams mainly came from bank, terrace, or bluff erosion along main stem reaches and along feeder tributaries that bisect main-stem entrenched valley sides. Bluff, terrace, and bank erosion were the major sources of sediment to Whittlesey Creek and the Sioux River. No active bluff erosion was observed on the Cranberry River or the Bark River but anecdotal information suggests that landslides occasionally happen on the Cranberry River. For the Bark River, sources of sediment were somewhat evenly divided among road crossings (bridges, culverts, and unimproved forest lanes), terrace erosion, bank erosion, and incision along upper main stems and feeder channels along valley sides. Evaluation of past erosion-control techniques indicated that bluffs were stabilized by a combination of artificial hardening and bioengineering of the bluff base and reducing mass wasting of the tops of the bluffs.
\nFlood hydrographs for the Cranberry River were simulated for four land-cover scenarios—late 20th century (1992–93), presettlement (before 1870), peak agriculture (1928), and developed (25 percent urban). Results were compared to previous simulations of flood peaks for Whittlesey Creek and for North Fish Creek (southern adjacent basin to Whittlesey Creek). Even though most uplands are presently forested, flood peaks simulated for 1992–93 were 1.5 to 2 times larger than presettlement flood peaks. The increased flood peaks caused (1) increased incision along upper main stems and tributaries that bisect entrenched valley sides, (2) bluff and terrace erosion along reaches with entrenched valleys, (3) overbank deposition and bar formation in middle and lower main stems, and (4) aggradation in mouth areas.
\nA base-flow survey was conducted and a groundwater-flow model was developed for the Bayfield Peninsula to delineate groundwater contributing areas. A deep aquifer system, which includes thick deposits of sand and the upper part of the bedrock, is recharged through the permeable sands in the center of the peninsula. Base flow is unevenly distributed among the Bayfield streams and depends on the amount of channel incision and the proximity of the channels to the recharge area and coarse outwash deposits. Groundwater contributing areas for the five streams do not coincide with surface-water-contributing areas. About 89 percent of total recharge to the deep aquifer system discharges to Bayfield streams; the remaining 11 percent directly discharges to Lake Superior. Historical land-cover changes have had negligible effects on groundwater-flow from the deep aquifer system.
\nAvailable brook-trout habitat is dependent on the locations of groundwater upwellings, the sizes of flood peaks, and sediment loads. Management practices that focus on reducing or slowing runoff from upland areas and increasing channel roughness have potential to reduce flood peaks, erosion, and sedimentation and improve brook-trout habitat in all Bayfield Peninsula streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145007","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., Peppler, M.C., Saad, D.A., Pratt, D.M., and Lenz, B.N., 2015, Geomorphic, flood, and groundwater-flow characteristics of Bayfield Peninsula streams, Wisconsin, and implications for brook-trout habitat: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5007, vii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145007.","productDescription":"vii, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051103","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145007.jpg"},{"id":297883,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5007/pdf/sir2014-5007.pdf","text":"Report","size":"23.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297882,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5007/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Bayfield Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.29638671875,\n 46.30140615437332\n ],\n [\n -91.29638671875,\n 47.07012182383309\n ],\n [\n -89.93408203124999,\n 47.07012182383309\n ],\n [\n -89.93408203124999,\n 46.30140615437332\n ],\n [\n -91.29638671875,\n 46.30140615437332\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a82e4b08de9379b30b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peppler, Marie C. 0000-0002-1120-9673 mpeppler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-9673","contributorId":825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peppler","given":"Marie","email":"mpeppler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, Dennis M.","contributorId":7673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lenz, Bernard N.","contributorId":85170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenz","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70140587,"text":"fs20143098 - 2015 - Climate change: evaluating your local and regional water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T14:43:33","indexId":"fs20143098","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-09T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3098","title":"Climate change: evaluating your local and regional water resources","docAbstract":"The BCM is a fine-scale hydrologic model that uses detailed maps of soils, geology, topography, and transient monthly or daily maps of potential evapotranspiration, air temperature, and precipitation to generate maps of recharge, runoff, snow pack, actual evapotranspiration, and climatic water deficit. With these comprehensive environmental inputs and experienced scientific analysis, the BCM provides resource managers with important hydrologic and ecologic understanding of a landscape or basin at hillslope to regional scales. The model is calibrated using historical climate and streamflow data over the range of geologic materials specific to an area. Once calibrated, the model is used to translate climate-change data into hydrologic responses for a defined landscape, to provide managers an understanding of potential ecological risks and threats to water supplies and managed hydrologic systems. Although limited to estimates of unimpaired hydrologic conditions, estimates of impaired conditions, such as agricultural demand, diversions, or reservoir outflows can be incorporated into the calibration of the model to expand its utility. Additionally, the model can be linked to other models, such as groundwater-flow models (that is, MODFLOW) or the integrated hydrologic model (MF-FMP), to provide information about subsurface hydrologic processes. The model can be applied at a relatively small scale, but also can be applied to large-scale national and international river basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143098","usgsCitation":"Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., and Thorne, J.H., 2015, Climate change: evaluating your local and regional water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3098, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143098.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045835","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143098.JPG"},{"id":297877,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3098/pdf/fs2014-3098.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297875,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3098/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5ee4b08de9379b301c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorne, James H.","contributorId":139144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorne","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12659,"text":"U C Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70143183,"text":"ds69JJ - 2015 - Map of assessed continuous (unconventional) oil resources in the United States, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-01T11:05:45","indexId":"ds69JJ","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-09T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"JJ","title":"Map of assessed continuous (unconventional) oil resources in the United States, 2014","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts quantitative assessments of potential oil and gas resources of the onshore United States and associated coastal State waters. Since 2000, the USGS has completed assessments of continuous (unconventional) resources in the United States based on geologic studies and analysis of well-production data and has compiled digital maps of the assessment units classified into four categories: shale gas, tight gas, coalbed gas, and shale oil or tight oil (continuous oil). This is the fourth digital map product in a series of USGS unconventional oil and gas resource maps; its focus being shale-oil or tight-oil (continuous-oil) assessments. The map plate included in this report can be printed in hardcopy form or downloaded in a Geographic Information System (GIS) data package, which includes an ArcGIS ArcMap document (.mxd), geodatabase (.gdb), and a published map file (.pmf). Supporting geologic studies of total petroleum systems and assessment units, as well as studies of the methodology used in the assessment of continuous-oil resources in the United States, are listed with hyperlinks in table 1. Assessment results and geologic reports are available at the USGS websitehttp://energy.usgs.gov/OilGas/AssessmentsData/NationalOilGasAssessment.aspx.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69JJ","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey National Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources Team, 2015, Map of assessed continuous (unconventional) oil resources in the United States, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, Report: iv, 14 p.; Map: 46.00 x 33.00 inches; 1 Table; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69JJ.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; Map: 46.00 x 33.00 inches; 1 Table; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-jj/"},{"id":298626,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-jj/pdf/dds_69_jj.pdf","size":"1.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298627,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-jj/downloads/dds69-jj_plate1.pdf","text":"Map","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298628,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-jj/downloads/table_1.pdf","text":"Table 1","size":"436 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298629,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-jj/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database. 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H. lbiewick@usgs.gov","contributorId":1086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biewick","given":"Laura","email":"lbiewick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R. H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542499,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources Team","contributorId":128233,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey National Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources Team","id":542498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70141187,"text":"70141187 - 2015 - Medea genes, handedness and other traits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-17T16:02:58","indexId":"70141187","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-08T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3870,"text":"Journal of Sleep Disorders & Therapy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Medea genes, handedness and other traits","docAbstract":"Medea factors or genes are maternal-effects mechanisms, found in many species, in which the mother's body selectively kills embryos of a certain genotype.Humans have a similar genetic mechanism, the gene RHD which produces Rh-factor involved in blood type.Recently I proposed that RHD acts as a maternal-effects gene that determines handedness (i.e., right handed or non-right handed) in individuals of our species. Here, I argue that RHD functions as a Medea gene as well.The handedness gene (and also RHD itself in some cases) has been implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), bipolar disorder, cerebral laterality (i.e., right-brained or left-brained speech laterality), hair-whorl rotation, schizophrenia, sexual orientation, and speech dyslexia.Identifying the gene or genes that determine handedness or cerebral laterality may help uncover the mechanisms underlying these behavioral phenotypes in our species.A relatively simple test of the handedness hypothesis has been proposed:In a sample of humans for whom handedness has been evaluated, we would need to genotype for RHD by determining whether Rh+ individuals have one or two copies of the dominant allele. If RHD and perhaps also an interaction with RHCE are involved in sexual orientation, it explains how selection could favor a gene or genes which cause some people to become non-heterosexual.The literature on Medea genes provides the explanation:A Medea allele must increase in frequency, sometimes to fixation (i.e., 100% frequency) even if it reduces fecundity (e.g., birth rate).In addition, treatment for RHD maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility, which allows more fetuses to survive to term now, may be one explanation for why ASD appears to be increasing in frequency in some populations, if RHD is indeed the handedness gene, although many other mechanisms have also been suggested. One wonders if bipolar disorder and the other alternative phenotypes are also increasing in frequency.
","language":"English","publisher":"OMICS Publishing Group","publisherLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","doi":"10.4172/2167-0277.1000188","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, J., 2015, Medea genes, handedness and other traits: Journal of Sleep Disorders & Therapy, v. 4, no. 1, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0277.1000188.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062923","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0277.1000188","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55095031e4b02e76d757e628","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatfield, Jeffrey 0000-0002-6517-2925 jhatfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6517-2925","contributorId":139261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jhatfield@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70142199,"text":"70142199 - 2015 - Steep spatial gradients of volcanic and marine sulfur in Hawaiian rainfall and ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-04T09:54:57","indexId":"70142199","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steep spatial gradients of volcanic and marine sulfur in Hawaiian rainfall and ecosystems","docAbstract":"Sulfur, a nutrient required by terrestrial ecosystems, is likely to be regulated by atmospheric processes in well-drained, upland settings because of its low concentration in most bedrock and generally poor retention by inorganic reactions within soils. Environmental controls on sulfur sources in unpolluted ecosystems have seldom been investigated in detail, even though the possibility of sulfur limiting primary production is much greater where atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic sulfur is low. Here we measure sulfur isotopic compositions of soils, vegetation and bulk atmospheric deposition from the Hawaiian Islands for the purpose of tracing sources of ecosystem sulfur. Hawaiian lava has a mantle-derived sulfur isotopic composition (δ34S VCDT) of − 0.8‰. Bulk deposition on the island of Maui had a δ34S VCDT that varied temporally, spanned a range from + 8.2 to + 19.7‰, and reflected isotopic mixing from three sources: sea-salt (+ 21.1‰), marine biogenic emissions (+ 15.6‰), and volcanic emissions from active vents on Kilauea Volcano (+ 0.8‰). A straightforward, weathering-driven transition in ecosystem sulfur sources could be interpreted in the shift from relatively low (0.0 to + 2.7‰) to relatively high (+ 17.8 to + 19.3‰) soil δ34S values along a 0.3 to 4100 ka soil age-gradient, and similar patterns in associated vegetation. However, sub-kilometer scale spatial variation in soil sulfur isotopic composition was found along soil transects assumed by age and mass balance to be dominated by atmospheric sulfur inputs. Soil sulfur isotopic compositions ranged from + 8.1 to + 20.3‰ and generally decreased with increasing elevation (0–2000 m), distance from the coast (0–12 km), and annual rainfall (180–5000 mm). Such trends reflect the spatial variation in marine versus volcanic inputs from atmospheric deposition. Broadly, these results illustrate how the sources and magnitude of atmospheric deposition can exert controls over ecosystem sulfur biogeochemistry across relatively small spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.001","usgsCitation":"Bern, C., Chadwick, O.A., Kendall, C., and Pribil, M.J., 2015, Steep spatial gradients of volcanic and marine sulfur in Hawaiian rainfall and ecosystems: Science of the Total Environment, v. 514, p. 250-260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059624","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4f7889p8","text":"External Repository"},{"id":298239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.906005859375,\n 18.843913201134132\n ],\n [\n -159.906005859375,\n 22.29926149974121\n ],\n [\n -154.70947265625,\n 22.29926149974121\n ],\n [\n -154.70947265625,\n 18.843913201134132\n ],\n [\n -159.906005859375,\n 18.843913201134132\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"514","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f6e948e4b02419550d30a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bern, Carleton R. cbern@usgs.gov","contributorId":127601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"Carleton R.","email":"cbern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chadwick, Oliver A.","contributorId":88244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chadwick","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pribil, Michael J. mpribil@usgs.gov","contributorId":2027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pribil","given":"Michael","email":"mpribil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70126012,"text":"ds879 - 2015 - Water- and air-quality and surficial bed-sediment monitoring of the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego County, California, 2003-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-20T14:37:22","indexId":"ds879","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-06T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"879","title":"Water- and air-quality and surficial bed-sediment monitoring of the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego County, California, 2003-09","docAbstract":"In 1998, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Sweetwater Authority, began a study to assess the overall health of the Sweetwater watershed in San Diego County, California. This study was designed to provide a data set that could be used to evaluate potential effects from the construction and operation of State Route 125 within the broader context of the water quality and air quality in the watershed. The study included regular sampling of water, air, and surficial bed sediment at Sweetwater Reservoir (SWR) for chemical constituents, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), base-neutral and acid- extractable organic compounds (BNAs) that include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, and metals. Additionally, water samples were collected for anthropogenic organic indicator compounds in and around SWR. Background water samples were collected at Loveland Reservoir for VOCs, BNAs, pesticides, and metals. Surficial bed-sediment samples were collected for PAHs, organochlorine pesticides, and metals at Sweetwater and Loveland Reservoirs.
\nTo monitor changes in contaminant concentration in water and air at SWR during the construction and operation of State Route 125, this study was divided into three phases. Phase One sampling (September 1998 to September 2004) was designed to establish baseline conditions for target compounds in terms of detection frequency and concentration in air and water. Phase Two (October 2004 to September 2007) continued sampling at selected monitoring sites during construction of State Route 125 to assess any effect from the construction process and the use of heavy equipment to build the roadway. Phase Three (October 2007 to August 2009) continued sampling for 2 years after the opening of State Route 125 to assess the potential changes in water quality related to vehicle emissions from the roadway alignment. Surficial bed-sediment samples were collected three times during the study—at the beginning of the study, at the start of Phase Two, and at the end of the study.
\nThis report describes the study design and the sampling and analytical methods and presents data from water, air, and surficial bed-sediment samples collected from the sixth to eleventh years of the study (October 2003–August 2009), spanning the last year of Phase one and all of Phases Two and Three. Data collected during the first 5 years of sampling have been previously published.
\nThree types of quality-control samples were used in this study—matrix spikes, blanks, and replicates. Matrix-spike data are considered to be adequate if the recovery concentration is within 30 percent of the matrix concentration. Replicate data are considered to be adequate if the replicate sample concentration is within 30 percent of the environmental sample concentration. Additionally, surrogate compounds were added to most samples to monitor sample-specific performance of the analytical method.
\nMost VOC matrix-spike recovery data associated with water samples are within acceptable criteria, but three VOCs had recoveries below the acceptable criteria; these compounds may not have been detected in water samples if they were present at low concentrations. Data for blanks associated with water samples for VOCs and metals showed no detections above their laboratory reporting levels. Most replicate data are within acceptable criteria. Quality-control data for VOC air samples resulted in flagging several reported concentrations for acetone, benzene, ethenylbenzene, and naphthalene because they may be biased high. Acetone, benzene, and toluene were detected at low concentrations in almost every VOC air blank. Some PAH and pesticide concentrations in air samples were designated as estimated because of method performance limitations. PAHs in surficial bed sediment had 83 percent of surrogates below the acceptable criteria. No matrix-spike data for metals in surficial bed sediment were outside the acceptable criteria; only beryllium had a replicate comparison outside the acceptable criteria.
\nSampling results show concentrations of the gasoline oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether in water and air samples declined after it was phased out by the State of California in January 2004. The largest concentrations of gasoline hydrocarbons benzene and toluene in water were detected at or near the surface of the SWR. Isophorone and phenol were the two most frequently detected BNA compounds in water. Diuron, prometon, and simazine were the most frequently detected pesticide compounds in water. Concentrations of benzene and toluene in air samples were highest during the cooler months and had a consistent seasonal pattern over time. Ten PAH compounds were detected frequently in air samples. Twelve pesticide compounds were also detected in air samples. Surficial bed-sediment samples were analyzed for 53 PAHs; 22 of the compounds had one or more detections. Surficial bed-sediment samples were analyzed for 22 organic compounds; only 6 compounds had one or more detections. Surficial bed-sediment samples were analyzed for 37 metals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds879","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sweetwater Authority","usgsCitation":"Mendez, G.O., Majewski, M.S., Foreman, W., and Morita, A.Y., 2015, Water- and air-quality and surficial bed-sediment monitoring of the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego County, California, 2003-09: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 879, Report: xi, 226 p.; 5 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds879.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 226 p.; 5 Tables","numberOfPages":"242","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-002295","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds879.jpg"},{"id":297808,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0879/"},{"id":297809,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0879/pdf/ds879.pdf","size":"6.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297810,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0879/downloads/ds879_table4b_voc.xls","text":"Table 4B","size":"174 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":297811,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0879/downloads/ds879_table5b_bna.xls","text":"Table 5B","size":"82 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":297812,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0879/downloads/ds879_table10b_avoc.xls","text":"Table 10B","size":"240 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":297813,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0879/downloads/ds879_table11b_pah.xls","text":"Table 11B","size":"313 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":297814,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0879/downloads/ds879_table13_airtm.xls","text":"Table 13","size":"124 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","otherGeospatial":"Sweetwater Reservoir watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 32.58963484306727\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 32.99945000822839\n ],\n [\n -116.46606445312499,\n 32.99945000822839\n ],\n [\n -116.46606445312499,\n 32.58963484306727\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 32.58963484306727\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2acde4b08de9379b3214","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendez, Gregory O. 0000-0002-9955-3726 gomendez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-3726","contributorId":1489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendez","given":"Gregory","email":"gomendez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Majewski, Michael S. majewski@usgs.gov","contributorId":440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"Michael","email":"majewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morita, Andrew Y. 0000-0002-8120-996X amorita@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-996X","contributorId":1487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morita","given":"Andrew","email":"amorita@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70134473,"text":"sir20145220 - 2015 - Estimation of unaltered daily mean streamflow at ungaged streams of New York, excluding Long Island, water years 1961-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-06T12:59:44","indexId":"sir20145220","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-06T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5220","title":"Estimation of unaltered daily mean streamflow at ungaged streams of New York, excluding Long Island, water years 1961-2010","docAbstract":"The lakes, rivers, and streams of New York State provide an essential water resource for the State. The information provided by time series hydrologic data is essential to understanding ways to promote healthy instream ecology and to strengthen the scientific basis for sound water management decision making in New York. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, has developed the New York Streamflow Estimation Tool to estimate a daily mean hydrograph for the period from October 1, 1960, to September 30, 2010, at ungaged locations across the State. The New York Streamflow Estimation Tool produces a complete estimated daily mean time series from which daily flow statistics can be estimated. In addition, the New York Streamflow Estimation Tool provides a means for quantitative flow assessments at ungaged locations that can be used to address the objectives of the Clean Water Act—to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters.
\nThe New York Streamflow Estimation Tool uses data from the U.S. Geological Survey streamflow network for selected streamgages in New York (excluding Long Island) and surrounding States with shared hydrologic boundaries, and physical and climate basin characteristics to estimate the natural unaltered streamflow at ungaged stream locations. The unaltered streamflow is representative of flows that are minimally altered by regulation, diversion, or mining, and other anthropogenic activities. With the streamflow network data, flow-duration exceedance probability equations were developed to estimate unaltered streamflow exceedance probabilities at an ungaged location using a methodology that equates streamflow as a percentile from a flow-duration curve for a particular day at a hydrologically similar reference streamgage with streamflow as a percentile from the flow-duration curve for the same day at an ungaged location. The reference streamgage is selected using map correlation, a geostatistical method in which variogram models are developed that correlate streamflow at one streamgage with streamflows at all other locations in the study area. Regression equations used to predict 17 flow-duration exceedance probabilities were developed to estimate the flow-duration curves at ungaged locations for New York using geographic information system-derived basin characteristics.
\nA graphical user interface, with an integrated spreadsheet summary report, has been developed to estimate and display the daily mean streamflows and statistics and to evaluate different water management or water withdrawal scenarios with the estimated monthly data. This package of regression equations, U.S. Geological Survey streamgage data, and spreadsheet application produces an interactive tool to estimate an unaltered daily streamflow hydrograph and streamflow statistics at ungaged sites in New York. Among other uses, the New York Streamflow Estimation Tool can assist water managers with permitting water withdrawals, implementing habitat protection, estimating contaminant loads, or determining the potential affect from chemical spills.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145220","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority","usgsCitation":"Gazoorian, C.L., 2015, Estimation of unaltered daily mean streamflow at ungaged streams of New York, excluding Long Island, water years 1961-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5220, Report: viii, 29 p.; Readme; 5 Appendixes; NYSET application, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145220.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 29 p.; Readme; 5 Appendixes; NYSET application","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1960-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-055442","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145220.jpg"},{"id":297792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5220/"},{"id":297793,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5220/pdf/sir2014-5220.pdf"},{"id":297794,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5220/attachments/sir2014-5220_readme.pdf","text":"Readme Appendix 1-5","size":"58 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297795,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5220/attachments/sir2014-5220_app1-4.pdf","text":"Appendix 1-4 PDF","size":"308 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297796,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5220/attachments/sir2014-5220_app1-4.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1-4 XLS","size":"75 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":297797,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5220/attachments/SIR2014-5220_app5.pdf","text":"Appendix 5","size":"696 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"User’s Guide for the New York Streamflow Estimation Tool (NYSET) version 1.0"},{"id":297798,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://ny.water.usgs.gov/projects/nyset/","text":"NYSET application","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"200000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -75.35522460937499,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -75.003662109375,\n 41.46742831254425\n ],\n [\n -73.773193359375,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -73.487548828125,\n 41.054501963290505\n ],\n [\n -73.2568359375,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -73.223876953125,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -75.003662109375,\n 45.034714778688624\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 44.166444664458595\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 43.58834891179792\n ],\n [\n -79.068603515625,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 42.27730877423709\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a74e4b08de9379b3070","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gazoorian, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5408-6212 cgazoori@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5408-6212","contributorId":2929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gazoorian","given":"Christopher","email":"cgazoori@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70138830,"text":"ofr20151012 - 2015 - Simulations of a hypothetical temperature control structure at Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, northwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-06T13:46:26","indexId":"ofr20151012","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-06T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1012","title":"Simulations of a hypothetical temperature control structure at Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, northwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"Water temperature models of Detroit Lake, Big Cliff Lake, and the North Santiam River in northwestern Oregon were used to assess the potential for a hypothetical structure with variable intake elevations and an internal connection to power turbines at Detroit Dam (scenario SlidingWeir) to release more natural, pre-dam temperatures year round. This hypothetical structure improved outflow temperature control from Detroit Dam while meeting minimum dry-season release rates and lake levels specified by the rule curve specified for Detroit Lake.
\nA water temperature target based on long-term, without-dams temperature estimates was developed and used to guide the Detroit Lake model to blend releases from the user-defined outlets at Detroit Dam. Simulations that included warm surface water releases during the spring and summer, and cool, deep hypolimnetic water releases later during autumn typically met the temperature target. Immediately downstream of Detroit Dam, these simulations resulted in temperatures within the range of the without-dams temperature estimates for most of the year until about November. The minimum release rates of flow imposed at Detroit Dam during late summer and early autumn exceeded unregulated, without-dams flow estimates. This higher flow led to temperatures near the low end of the without-dams temperature range 46.3 river miles downstream at Greens Bridge from July to September; the high flows released from Detroit Dam were less susceptible to downstream warming than the low unregulated flows. Simulations that blended warm and cool water from different outlets at Detroit Dam resulted in less daily temperature variation compared to the without-dams scenarios as far downstream as Greens Bridge.
\nEstimated egg-emergence days for endangered Upper Willamette River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Upper Willamette River winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were assessed for all scenarios. Estimated spring Chinook fry emergence under SlidingWeir scenarios was 9 days later immediately downstream of Big Cliff Dam, and 4 days later at Greens Bridge compared with existing structural scenarios at Detroit Dam. Despite the inclusion of a hypothetical sliding weir at Detroit Dam, temperatures exceeded without-dams temperatures during November and December. These late-autumn exceedances likely represent the residual thermal effect of Detroit Lake operated to meet minimum dry-season release rates (supporting instream habitat and irrigation requirements) and lake levels specified by the current (2014) operating rules (supporting recreation and flood mitigation).
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With limited direct measures of soil N cycling at the global scale, syntheses of the 15 N: 14 N ratio of soil organic matter across climate gradients provide key insights into understanding global patterns of N cycling. In synthesizing data from over 6000 soil samples, we show strong global relationships among soil N isotopes, mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), and the concentrations of organic carbon and clay in soil. In both hot ecosystems and dry ecosystems, soil organic matter was more enriched in 15 N than in corresponding cold ecosystems or wet ecosystems. Below a MAT of 9.8°C, soil δ15N was invariant with MAT. At the global scale, soil organic C concentrations also declined with increasing MAT and decreasing MAP. After standardizing for variation among mineral soils in soil C and clay concentrations, soil δ15N showed no consistent trends across global climate and latitudinal gradients. 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