{"pageNumber":"1219","pageRowStart":"30450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165252,"records":[{"id":70137956,"text":"ofr20151007 - 2015 - Geospatial datasets for assessing the effects of rangeland conditions on dissolved-solids yields in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-12T17:29:26","indexId":"ofr20151007","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-02T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1007","title":"Geospatial datasets for assessing the effects of rangeland conditions on dissolved-solids yields in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) surface-water quality model for the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) relating dissolved-solids sources and transport in the 1991 water year to upstream catchment characteristics. The SPARROW model focused on geologic and agricultural sources of dissolved solids in the UCRB and was calibrated using water-year 1991 dissolved-solids loads from 218 monitoring sites. A new UCRB SPARROW model is planned that will update the investigation of dissolved-solids sources and transport in the basin to circa 2010 conditions and will improve upon the 2009 model by incorporating more detailed information about agricultural-irrigation and rangeland-management practices, among other improvements. Geospatial datasets relating to circa 2010 rangeland conditions are required for the new UCRB SPARROW modeling effort. This study compiled geospatial datasets for the UCRB that relate to the biotic alterations and rangeland conditions of grazing, fire and other land disturbance, and vegetation type and cover. Datasets representing abiotic alterations of access control (off-highway vehicles) and sediment generation and transport in general, were also compiled. These geospatial datasets may be tested in the upcoming SPARROW model to better understand the potential contribution of rangelands to dissolved-solids loading in UCRB streams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F., Flynn, M., and Anning, D.W., 2015, Geospatial datasets for assessing the effects of rangeland conditions on dissolved-solids yields in the Upper Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1007, Report: v, 21 p.; 6 Geospatial Datasets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151007.","productDescription":"Report: v, 21 p.; 6 Geospatial Datasets","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060100","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297671,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151007.gif"},{"id":297670,"rank":9,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1007/downloads/datasets/UCRB_R-factor.zip","text":"Rainfall-Runoff Erosivity","size":"962 kB","description":"Geospatial dataset","linkHelpText":"This tabular dataset presents the 1971–2000 average annual rainfall-runoff erosivity factor (R-factor) for the UCRB. The R-factor is a measure of the cumulative erosive force of individual precipitation events (Daly and Taylor, 2002). All other factors being constant, sediment generation from precipitation is directly proportional to the product of the total kinetic energy of a storm and the storm’s maximum 30-minute intensity. The mean annual R-factor is a sum of this product for all storms in a year, averaged over all years of record (Daly and Taylor, 2002)."},{"id":297663,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1007/"},{"id":297668,"rank":7,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1007/downloads/datasets/2010_UCRB_VegTypeCover.zip","text":"Existing Vegetation Type and Cover","size":"540 MB","description":"Geospatial dataset","linkHelpText":"These layers include information on the vegetation type and vegetation cover in 2010 in the UCRB. The 2010 existing vegetation cover (EVC) layer represents the vertically projected percent cover of the live canopy layer. The 2010 existing vegetation type (EVT) layer represents the species composition. Spatially, both grids cover the entire UCRB and have a 30-meter pixel resolution."},{"id":297664,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1007/downloads/OFR2015-1007.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297666,"rank":5,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1007/downloads/datasets/2010_UCRB_USFS_Grazing_projected.zip","text":"U.S. Forest Service Grazing","size":"3.8 MB","description":"Geospatial dataset","linkHelpText":"The shapefile contains 444 polygons of USFS grazing allotments within or bordering the UCRB (fig. 4). Attributes for the allotment polygons include the allotment name (RMU_NAME) and number (RMU_CN), the authorized number of animal unit months for the allotment (AUTH_AUMS), and the area of the allotment in both acres (AREA_acres) and square kilometers (AREA_km2). USFS-billed grazing is referred to as the \"authorized\" amount and is equivalent to BLM’s \"billed\" grazing (U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2005)."},{"id":297669,"rank":8,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1007/downloads/datasets/2010_UCRB_Roads.zip","text":"2010 Roads","size":"172 MB","description":"Geospatial dataset","linkHelpText":"This layer contains information about the location and type of roads in the UCRB in 2010. One value in the MAF/TIGER Feature Class Code (MTFCC) attribute field in the roads layer is S1500, named \"Vehicular Trail (4WD)\", and is described as \"an unpaved dirt trail where a four-wheel drive vehicle is required\" (table 5). The Vehicular Trail (4WD) attribute presents potential UCRB locations of off-highway vehicle use—an activity directly related to the \"access controls\" abiotic alteration in Weltz and others (2014) (table 5; fig. 7). The 2010 roads layer covers the entire UCRB."},{"id":297665,"rank":4,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1007/downloads/datasets/2010_UCRB_BLM_Grazing_projected.zip","text":"Bureau of Land Management Grazing","size":"12.9 MB","description":"Geospatial dataset","linkHelpText":"The shapefile contains 2,367 polygons of BLM grazing allotments within or bordering the UCRB (fig. 4). Attributes for the allotment polygons include the allotment name (ALLOT_NAME) and number (ST_ALLOT), the authorized number of \"animal unit months\" for the allotment (AUTH_AUMS), and the area of the allotment in both acres (AREA_acres) and square kilometers (AREA_km2)."},{"id":297667,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1007/downloads/datasets/1999-2010_UCRB_LandDisturbance.zip","text":"Land Disturbance","size":"26 MB","description":"Geospatial dataset","linkHelpText":"These layers include temporal and spatial information on disturbances to the landscape as a result of management activities or natural events. Two types of grids are presented: yearly disturbance grids for 1999–2010 and a composite grid of the yearly disturbance grids that summarizes vegetation disturbance for 1999–2010. Spatially, all grids cover the entire UCRB and have a 30-meter pixel resolution."}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.69937133789062,\n              36.730079507078415\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.68083190917969,\n              36.730079507078415\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.64581298828125,\n              36.72677751526221\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4068603515625,\n              36.67723060234619\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.181640625,\n              36.54936246839778\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.45654296875,\n              36.46105407505434\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8687744140625,\n              35.991340960635405\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.5062255859375,\n              35.67068501330236\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.21508789062499,\n              35.48751102385376\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.907470703125,\n              35.34425514918409\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.5286865234375,\n              35.290468565908775\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.2760009765625,\n              35.28150065789119\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.215576171875,\n              35.31736632923788\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.13317871093749,\n              35.460669951495305\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.9793701171875,\n              35.62604706595698\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.94091796875,\n              35.817813158696616\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.875,\n              36.26199220445664\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.842041015625,\n              36.67723060234619\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.864013671875,\n              37.02886944696474\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.0068359375,\n              37.21283151445594\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.33642578124999,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.545166015625,\n              37.55328764595765\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.666015625,\n              37.74465712069939\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.42431640625,\n              37.84883250647402\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.07275390625,\n              37.90953361677018\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.6552734375,\n              38.004819966413194\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.666259765625,\n              38.33303882235456\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.69921875,\n              38.685509760012\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.875,\n              39.13006024213511\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.435546875,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.9521484375,\n              39.740986355883564\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.908203125,\n              40.34654412118006\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.99609375,\n              40.613952441166596\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.435546875,\n              40.74725696280421\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.69921875,\n              41.64007838467894\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.57812499999999,\n              42.65012181368025\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.10546875,\n              42.84375132629023\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.8525390625,\n              43.13306116240612\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.423828125,\n              43.197167282501276\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.77539062499999,\n              43.42100882994726\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              43.67581809328341\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.3466796875,\n              43.83452678223682\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.61035156249999,\n              43.67581809328341\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.74218749999999,\n              43.13306116240612\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8740234375,\n              42.19596877629178\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0498046875,\n              41.44272637767212\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0498046875,\n              41.19518982948959\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.181640625,\n              41.04621681452063\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.37939453125,\n              40.94671366508002\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.533203125,\n              40.613952441166596\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.73095703125,\n              40.245991504199026\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.884765625,\n              39.8928799002948\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.97265625,\n              39.33429742980725\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.2802734375,\n              39.11301365149975\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.43408203124999,\n              38.856820134743636\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.60986328125,\n              38.59970036588819\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.60986328125,\n              38.376115424036016\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.67578124999999,\n              38.22091976683121\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8955078125,\n              37.87485339352928\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.02734374999999,\n              37.579412513438385\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.02734374999999,\n              37.26530995561875\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9833984375,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.67578124999999,\n              36.756490329505155\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.34619140625,\n              36.5978891330702\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.97265625,\n              36.56260003738548\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.69937133789062,\n              36.730079507078415\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a83e4b08de9379b30b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillman, Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":1629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred D.","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anning, David W. dwanning@usgs.gov","contributorId":432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"David","email":"dwanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70168684,"text":"70168684 - 2015 - River mainstem thermal regimes influence population structuring within an Appalachian brook trout population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T06:14:04","indexId":"70168684","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River mainstem thermal regimes influence population structuring within an Appalachian brook trout population","docAbstract":"<p>Brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) often exist as highly differentiated populations, even at small spatial scales, due either to natural or anthropogenic sources of isolation and low rates of dispersal. In this study, we used molecular approaches to describe the unique population structure of brook trout inhabiting the Shavers Fork watershed, located in eastern West Virginia, and contrast it to nearby populations in tributaries of the upper Greenbrier River and North Fork South Branch Potomac Rivers. Bayesian and maximum likelihood clustering methods identified minimal population structuring among 14 collections of brook trout from throughout the mainstem and tributaries of Shavers Fork, highlighting the role of the cold-water mainstem for connectivity and high rates of effective migration among tributaries. In contrast, the Potomac and Greenbrier River collections displayed distinct levels of population differentiation among tributaries, presumably resulting from tributary isolation by warm-water mainstems. Our results highlight the importance of protecting and restoring cold-water mainstem habitats as part of region-wide brook trout conservation efforts. In addition, our results from Shavers Fork provide a contrast to previous genetic studies that characterize Appalachian brook trout as fragmented isolates rather than well-mixed populations. Additional study is needed to determine whether the existence of brook trout as genetically similar populations among tributaries is truly unique and whether connectivity among brook trout populations can potentially be restored within other central Appalachian watersheds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-014-0636-6","usgsCitation":"Aunins, A.W., Petty, J.T., King, T.L., Schilz, M., and Mazik, P.M., 2015, River mainstem thermal regimes influence population structuring within an Appalachian brook trout population: Conservation Genetics, v. 16, no. 1, p. 15-29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0636-6.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052856","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.079345703125,\n              38.09998264736481\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.420166015625,\n              38.03078569382294\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.299560546875,\n              39.308800296002914\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.760986328125,\n              39.470125122358176\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              39.35978526869001\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.079345703125,\n              38.09998264736481\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cee27be4b015c306ec5f01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aunins, Aaron W. 0000-0001-5240-1453 aaunins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-1453","contributorId":5863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aunins","given":"Aaron","email":"aaunins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. Todd","contributorId":166749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[{"id":24497,"text":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, Tim L. tlking@usgs.gov","contributorId":3520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim","email":"tlking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schilz, Mariya","contributorId":167176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schilz","given":"Mariya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mazik, Patricia M. 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":2318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70155259,"text":"70155259 - 2015 - Calculating crop water requirement satisfaction in the West Africa Sahel with remotely sensed soil moisture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:06:09","indexId":"70155259","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculating crop water requirement satisfaction in the West Africa Sahel with remotely sensed soil moisture","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission will provide soil moisture data with unprecedented accuracy, resolution, and coverage, enabling models to better track agricultural drought and estimate yields. In turn, this information can be used to shape policy related to food and water from commodity markets to humanitarian relief efforts. New data alone, however, do not translate to improvements in drought and yield forecasts. New tools will be needed to transform SMAP data into agriculturally meaningful products. The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibility and efficiency of replacing the rainfall-derived soil moisture component of a crop water stress index with SMAP data. The approach is demonstrated with 0.1&deg;-resolution, ~10-day microwave soil moisture from the European Space Agency and simulated soil moisture from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network Land Data Assimilation System. Over a West Africa domain, the approach is evaluated by comparing the different soil moisture estimates and their resulting Water Requirement Satisfaction Index values from 2000 to 2010. This study highlights how the ensemble of indices performs during wet versus dry years, over different land-cover types, and the correlation with national-level millet yields. The new approach is a feasible and useful way to quantitatively assess how satellite-derived rainfall and soil moisture track agricultural water deficits. Given the importance of soil moisture in many applications, ranging from agriculture to public health to fire, this study should inspire other modeling communities to reformulate existing tools to take advantage of SMAP data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-14-0049.1","collaboration":"Amy McNally; Gregory J. Husak; Molly Brown; Mark Carroll; Chris Funk; Joel Michaelsen; Soni Yatheendradas; Kristi Arsenault, Christa Peters-Lidard; James P. Verdin","usgsCitation":"McNally, A., Gregory J. Husak, Brown, M., Carroll, M.L., Funk, C.C., Soni Yatheendradas, Arsenault, K., Christa Peters-Lidard, and Verdin, J., 2015, Calculating crop water requirement satisfaction in the West Africa Sahel with remotely sensed soil moisture: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 295-305, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0049.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"305","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055181","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0049.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ef86e4b0bc0bec09f1a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNally, Amy","contributorId":145810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNally","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregory J. Husak","contributorId":145824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gregory J. Husak","affiliations":[{"id":16245,"text":"Department of Geography and Climate Hazards Group, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Molly","contributorId":145825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Molly","affiliations":[{"id":16246,"text":"Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carroll, Mark L.","contributorId":145826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carroll","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16246,"text":"Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16247,"text":"Sigma Space Corp, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7239,"text":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Soni Yatheendradas","contributorId":145828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soni Yatheendradas","affiliations":[{"id":16248,"text":"Hydrologic Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arsenault, Kristi","contributorId":145829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arsenault","given":"Kristi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16248,"text":"Hydrologic Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Christa Peters-Lidard","contributorId":116524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christa Peters-Lidard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Verdin, James 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":145830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70155258,"text":"70155258 - 2015 - A Bayesian kriging approach for blending satellite and ground precipitation observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T15:07:01.784075","indexId":"70155258","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Bayesian kriging approach for blending satellite and ground precipitation observations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Drought and flood management practices require accurate estimates of precipitation. Gauge observations, however, are often sparse in regions with complicated terrain, clustered in valleys, and of poor quality. Consequently, the spatial extent of wet events is poorly represented. Satellite-derived precipitation data are an attractive alternative, though they tend to underestimate the magnitude of wet events due to their dependency on retrieval algorithms and the indirect relationship between satellite infrared observations and precipitation intensities. Here we offer a Bayesian kriging approach for blending precipitation gauge data and the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation satellite-derived precipitation estimates for Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela. First, the gauge observations are modeled as a linear function of satellite-derived estimates and any number of other variables&mdash;for this research we include elevation. Prior distributions are defined for all model parameters and the posterior distributions are obtained simultaneously via Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. The posterior distributions of these parameters are required for spatial estimation, and thus are obtained prior to implementing the spatial kriging model. This functional framework is applied to model parameters obtained by sampling from the posterior distributions, and the residuals of the linear model are subject to a spatial kriging model. Consequently, the posterior distributions and uncertainties of the blended precipitation estimates are obtained. We demonstrate this method by applying it to pentadal and monthly total precipitation fields during 2009. The model's performance and its inherent ability to capture wet events are investigated. We show that this blending method significantly improves upon the satellite-derived estimates and is also competitive in its ability to represent wet events. This procedure also provides a means to estimate a full conditional distribution of the &ldquo;true&rdquo; observed precipitation value at each grid cell.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015963","usgsCitation":"Verdin, A.P., Rajagopalan, B., Kleiber, W., and Funk, C.C., 2015, A Bayesian kriging approach for blending satellite and ground precipitation observations: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 2, p. 908-921, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015963.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"908","endPage":"921","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059780","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015963","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -64.81632212611561,\n              10.015029125925736\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.2808031725719,\n              12.09555191269581\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.73402713091187,\n              10.852006430112795\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.21850797862407,\n              8.713663685154202\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.41987151315135,\n              9.786489276111354\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.04404574688206,\n              8.743926005251254\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.41623838685905,\n              9.473469414609596\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.73635743659167,\n              11.525091246808799\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.23445386370992,\n              14.652633865094415\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.32577316042915,\n              15.88928095391691\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.79734742847882,\n              16.004790444581047\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.21513890838666,\n              18.344083184580015\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.40042887702003,\n              17.759482734359935\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.04910311365558,\n              17.14123874170798\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.35911384507358,\n              16.391142531706166\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.22557510093608,\n              14.38136938077568\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.87228561271752,\n              13.623920899226192\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.61119935386394,\n              13.26864716978318\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.09248872782524,\n              7.933279880637983\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.86633169250197,\n              7.172026204942057\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.09014204558488,\n              7.47701439779469\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.46443299353692,\n              8.17781343122843\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.01162994394076,\n              8.782940526946703\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32715639625906,\n              6.170679076154258\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.63977018899459,\n              1.7560879959772535\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.29608093885051,\n              0.4803896875874756\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.81632212611561,\n              10.015029125925736\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.81632212611561,\n              10.015029125925736\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb2ee4b08400b1fdb6df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, Andrew P.","contributorId":35235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rajagopalan, Balaji","contributorId":145813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"Balaji","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleiber, William","contributorId":145814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kleiber","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70157523,"text":"70157523 - 2015 - An integrated Riverine Environmental Flow Decision Support System (REFDSS) to evaluate the ecological effects of alternative flow scenarios on river ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-21T14:50:38","indexId":"70157523","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5004,"text":"Fundamental and Applied Limnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated Riverine Environmental Flow Decision Support System (REFDSS) to evaluate the ecological effects of alternative flow scenarios on river ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p><span>In regulated rivers, managers must evaluate competing flow release scenarios that attempt to balance both human and natural needs. Meeting these natural flow needs is complex due to the myriad of interacting physical and hydrological factors that affect ecosystems. Tools that synthesize the voluminous scientific data and models on these factors will facilitate management of these systems. Here, we present the Riverine Environmental Flow Decision Support System (REFDSS), a tool that enables evaluation of competing flow scenarios and other variables on instream habitat. We developed a REFDSS for the Upper Delaware River, USA, a system that is regulated by three headwater reservoirs. This version of the REFDSS has the ability to integrate any set of spatially explicit data and synthesizes modeled discharge for three competing management scenarios, flow-specific 2-D hydrodynamic modeled estimates of local hydrologic conditions (e.g., depth, velocity, shear stress, etc.) at a fine pixel-scale (1 m</span><span>2</span><span>), and habitat suitability criteria (HSC) for a variety of taxa. It contains all individual model outputs, computationally integrates these data, and outputs the amount of potentially available habitat for a suite of species of interest under each flow release scenario. Users have the flexibility to change the time period of interest and vary the HSC. The REFDSS was developed to enable side-by-side evaluation of different flow management scenarios and their effects on potential habitat availability, allowing managers to make informed decisions on the best flow scenarios. An exercise comparing two alternative flow scenarios to a baseline scenario for several key species is presented. The Upper Delaware REFDSS was robust to minor changes in HSC (&plusmn; 10 %). The general REFDSS platform was developed as a user-friendly Windows desktop application that was designed to include other potential parameters of interest (e.g., temperature) and for transferability to other riverine systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart, Germany","doi":"10.1127/fal/2015/0611","usgsCitation":"Maloney, K.O., Talbert, C., Cole, J.C., Galbraith, H.S., Blakeslee, C.J., Hanson, L., and Holmquist-Johnson, C.L., 2015, An integrated Riverine Environmental Flow Decision Support System (REFDSS) to evaluate the ecological effects of alternative flow scenarios on river ecosystems: Fundamental and Applied Limnology, v. 186, no. 1-2, p. 171-192, https://doi.org/10.1127/fal/2015/0611.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054083","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Upper Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.1519775390625,\n              41.92271616673924\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.981689453125,\n              41.75082413553287\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.94873046875,\n              41.549700145132725\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6466064453125,\n              41.430371882652814\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.619140625,\n              41.33145127732962\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.81689453125,\n              41.1290213474951\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0091552734375,\n              40.95915977213492\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0091552734375,\n              40.834593138080244\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.1080322265625,\n              40.713955826286046\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.091552734375,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.96520996093749,\n              40.48455955508278\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.7894287109375,\n              40.34654412118006\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.674072265625,\n              40.16208338164619\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.9542236328125,\n              39.96449067924025\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2728271484375,\n              39.774769485295465\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.55847167968749,\n              39.63530729658601\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6683349609375,\n              39.67759833072648\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.50354003906249,\n              39.80853604144591\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.31677246093749,\n              39.93501296038254\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.08056640625,\n              40.065460682065535\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8663330078125,\n              40.18307014852534\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0146484375,\n              40.32560799973207\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.1190185546875,\n              40.49291502689579\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2178955078125,\n              40.559721346848406\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.267333984375,\n              40.693134153308094\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2178955078125,\n              40.805493843894155\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.12451171875,\n              40.89275342420696\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.201416015625,\n              40.9964840143779\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.05859375,\n              41.07935114946899\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.96520996093749,\n              41.178653972331695\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8773193359375,\n              41.3025710943056\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.7894287109375,\n              41.36856413680967\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8663330078125,\n              41.40153558289846\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.03662109375,\n              41.48389104267175\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.135498046875,\n              41.62776153144345\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.146484375,\n              41.759019938155404\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.245361328125,\n              41.83682786072714\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.31677246093749,\n              41.90636538970964\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.1519775390625,\n              41.92271616673924\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"186","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56164231e4b0ba4884c61476","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbert, Colin B. talbertc@usgs.gov","contributorId":147948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Colin B.","email":"talbertc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Jeffrey C. 0000-0002-2477-7231 jccole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-7231","contributorId":5585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jccole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galbraith, Heather S. 0000-0003-3704-3517 hgalbraith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":4519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Heather","email":"hgalbraith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blakeslee, Carrie J. 0000-0002-0801-5325 cblakeslee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0801-5325","contributorId":5462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakeslee","given":"Carrie","email":"cblakeslee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hanson, Leanne hansonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Leanne","email":"hansonl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holmquist-Johnson, Christopher L. h-johnsonc@usgs.gov","contributorId":922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmquist-Johnson","given":"Christopher","email":"h-johnsonc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70148103,"text":"70148103 - 2015 - An assessment of morphometric indices, blood chemistry variables and an energy meter as indicators of the whole body lipid content in <i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>, <i>Sander vitreus</i> and <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-21T11:01:58","indexId":"70148103","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of morphometric indices, blood chemistry variables and an energy meter as indicators of the whole body lipid content in <i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>, <i>Sander vitreus</i> and <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>","docAbstract":"<p>The effectiveness of several non-lethal techniques as indicators of total lipid content in smallmouth bass <i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>, walleye <i>Sander vitreus</i> and channel catfish <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i> was investigated. The techniques included (1) the Fulton and relative condition factors, (2) relative mass, (3) plasma indicators of nutritional status (alkaline phosphatase, calcium, cholesterol, protein, triglycerides and glucose) and (4) readings from a hand-held, microwave energy meter. Although simple linear regression analysis showed that lipid content was significantly correlated with several predictor variables in each species, the r<sup>2</sup> values for the relations ranged from 0&middot;17 to 0&middot;50 and no single approach was consistent for all species. Only one model, between energy-meter readings and lipid content in <i>I. punctatus</i>, had an r<sup>2</sup> value (0&middot;83) high enough to justify using it as a predictive tool. Results indicate that no single variable was an accurate and reliable indicator of whole body lipid content in these fishes, except the energy meter for <i>I. punctatus</i>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Fisheries Society of the British Isles","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1111/jfb.12600","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M.G., and Rose, B.P., 2015, An assessment of morphometric indices, blood chemistry variables and an energy meter as indicators of the whole body lipid content in <i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>, <i>Sander vitreus</i> and <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 86, no. 2, p. 755-764, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12600.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"755","endPage":"764","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056283","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555f01b2e4b0a92fa7eb968f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Brien P. brose@usgs.gov","contributorId":3493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Brien","email":"brose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155262,"text":"70155262 - 2015 - The forcing of southwestern Asia teleconnections by low-frequency sea surface temperature variability during boreal winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:06:49","indexId":"70155262","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The forcing of southwestern Asia teleconnections by low-frequency sea surface temperature variability during boreal winter","docAbstract":"<p><span>Southwestern Asia, defined here as the domain bounded by 20&deg;&ndash;40&deg;N and 40&deg;&ndash;70&deg;E, which includes the nations of Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, is a water-stressed and semiarid region that receives roughly 75% of its annual rainfall during November&ndash;April. The November&ndash;April climate of southwestern Asia is strongly influenced by tropical Indo-Pacific variability on intraseasonal and interannual time scales, much of which can be attributed to sea surface temperature (SST) variations. The influences of lower-frequency SST variability on southwestern Asia climate during November&ndash;April Pacific decadal SST (PDSST) variability and the long-term trend in SST (LTSST) is examined. The U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability Program (CLIVAR) Drought Working Group forced global atmospheric climate models with PDSST and LTSST patterns, identified using empirical orthogonal functions, to show the steady atmospheric response to these modes of decadal to multidecadal SST variability. During November&ndash;April, LTSST forces an anticyclone over southwestern Asia, which results in reduced precipitation and increases in surface temperature. The precipitation and tropospheric circulation influences of LTSST are corroborated by independent observed precipitation and circulation datasets during 1901&ndash;2004. The decadal variations of southwestern Asia precipitation may be forced by PDSST variability, with two of the three models indicating that the cold phase of PDSST forces an anticyclone and precipitation reductions. However, there are intermodel circulation variations to PDSST that influence subregional precipitation patterns over the Middle East, southwestern Asia, and subtropical Asia. Changes in wintertime temperature and precipitation over southwestern Asia forced by LTSST and PDSST imply important changes to the land surface hydrology during the spring and summer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00344.1","usgsCitation":"Hoell, A., Funk, C.C., and Barlow, M., 2015, The forcing of southwestern Asia teleconnections by low-frequency sea surface temperature variability during boreal winter: Journal of Climate, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1511-1526, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00344.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1511","endPage":"1526","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058649","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00344.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ef86e4b0bc0bec09f1a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoell, Andrew","contributorId":145805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoell","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barlow, Mathew","contributorId":145832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barlow","given":"Mathew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16249,"text":"UMASS Lowel","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148672,"text":"70148672 - 2015 - Sources of endocrine-disrupting compounds in North Carolina waterways: a geographic information systems approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T10:52:23","indexId":"70148672","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of endocrine-disrupting compounds in North Carolina waterways: a geographic information systems approach","docAbstract":"<p>The presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), particularly estrogenic compounds, in the environment has drawn public attention across the globe, yet a clear understanding of the extent and distribution of estrogenic EDCs in surface waters and their relationship to potential sources is lacking. The objective of the present study was to identify and examine the potential input of estrogenic EDC sources in North Carolina water bodies using a geographic information system (GIS) mapping and analysis approach. Existing data from state and federal agencies were used to create point and nonpoint source maps depicting the cumulative contribution of potential sources of estrogenic EDCs to North Carolina surface waters. Water was collected from 33 sites (12 associated with potential point sources, 12 associated with potential nonpoint sources, and 9 reference), to validate the predictive results of the GIS analysis. Estrogenicity (measured as 17&beta;-estradiol equivalence) ranged from 0.06 ng/L to 56.9 ng/L. However, the majority of sites (88%) had water 17&beta;-estradiol concentrations below 1 ng/L. Sites associated with point and nonpoint sources had significantly higher 17&beta;-estradiol levels than reference sites. The results suggested that water 17&beta;-estradiol was reflective of GIS predictions, confirming the relevance of landscape-level influences on water quality and validating the GIS approach to characterize such relationships.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1002/etc.2797","collaboration":"North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC); North Carolina State University; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Sackett, D.K., Pow, C.L., Rubino, M.J., Aday, D., Cope, W., Kullman, S.W., Rice, J., Kwak, T.J., and Law, L.M., 2015, Sources of endocrine-disrupting compounds in North Carolina waterways: a geographic information systems approach: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 2, p. 437-445, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2797.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"445","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055607","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d5be4b023124e8f5b47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sackett, Dana K.","contributorId":141232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sackett","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":549008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pow, Crystal Lee","contributorId":141233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pow","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":549009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubino, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0651-3053","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0651-3053","contributorId":141234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubino","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39327,"text":"North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":549010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aday, D.D.","contributorId":75356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aday","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cope, W. Gregory","contributorId":70353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W. Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kullman, Seth W.","contributorId":62516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kullman","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rice, J. A.","contributorId":101217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Law, LeRoy M.","contributorId":104603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70164451,"text":"70164451 - 2015 - Seasonal patterns in stream periphyton fatty acids and community benthic algal composition in six high quality headwater streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-21T14:54:16","indexId":"70164451","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal patterns in stream periphyton fatty acids and community benthic algal composition in six high quality headwater streams","docAbstract":"<p>Fatty acids are integral components of periphyton and differ among algal taxa. We examined seasonal patterns in periphyton fatty acids in six minimally disturbed headwater streams in Pennsylvania&rsquo;s Appalachian Mountains, USA. Environmental data and periphyton were collected across four seasons for fatty acid and algal taxa content. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination suggested significant seasonal differences in fatty acids; an ordination on algal composition revealed similar seasonal patterns, but with slightly weaker separation of summer and fall. Summer and fall fatty acid profiles were driven by temperature, overstory cover, and conductivity and winter profiles by measures of stream size. Ordination on algal composition suggested that summer and fall communities were driven by overstory and temperature, whereas winter communities were driven by velocity. The physiologically important fatty acid 18:3&omega;6 was highest in summer and fall. Winter samples had the highest 20:3&omega;3. Six saturated fatty acids differed among the seasons. Periphyton fatty acids profiles appeared to reflect benthic algal species composition. This suggests that periphyton fatty acid composition can be useful in characterizing basal food resources and stream water quality.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10750-014-2054-7","usgsCitation":"Honeyfield, D.C., and Maloney, K.O., 2015, Seasonal patterns in stream periphyton fatty acids and community benthic algal composition in six high quality headwater streams: Hydrobiologia, v. 744, no. 1, p. 35-47, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2054-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051650","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Tioga","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.36469268798828,\n              41.77592047575288\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.36452102661133,\n              41.784369074958214\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.35937118530273,\n              41.79460830893809\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.34460830688477,\n              41.803182408964865\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.34752655029297,\n              41.81546568714986\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.35696792602539,\n              41.82467660012918\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.37258911132812,\n              41.83183972757714\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.38443374633789,\n              41.83439779313833\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.3990249633789,\n              41.837595231322986\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.40966796875,\n              41.840792509764945\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.43026733398438,\n              41.838362592717665\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.43713378906249,\n              41.83887416186901\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.44674682617188,\n              41.82825826404019\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.44571685791016,\n              41.821478516604024\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.45550155639648,\n              41.8262116234836\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.4620246887207,\n              41.828897825796226\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.47421264648438,\n              41.82403699620285\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.48331069946289,\n              41.81687299570986\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.49412536621094,\n              41.81930372856746\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5056266784668,\n              41.825060359418075\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.52279281616211,\n              41.82608370627639\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.54030227661133,\n              41.82275776918215\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.54837036132812,\n              41.81828027334614\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5418472290039,\n              41.804462026999374\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.52399444580078,\n              41.786929036776925\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.51455307006836,\n              41.7806569487635\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.48777389526366,\n              41.77796872322689\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.47438430786133,\n              41.77118365292609\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.46562957763672,\n              41.76606236987991\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.44485855102539,\n              41.764653945369396\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.4290657043457,\n              41.76555021908967\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.41052627563477,\n              41.76503806421117\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.39850997924805,\n              41.77169575874489\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.38975524902344,\n              41.77336007442078\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.37258911132812,\n              41.77028745790557\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.36452102661133,\n              41.775408403663285\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.36469268798828,\n              41.77592047575288\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"744","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b5d659e4b0cc7999817399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Honeyfield, Dale C. 0000-0003-3034-2047 honeyfie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-2047","contributorId":2774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeyfield","given":"Dale","email":"honeyfie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70141757,"text":"70141757 - 2015 - Influence of hardness on the bioavailability of silver to a freshwater snail after waterborne exposure to silver nitrate and silver nanoparticles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:26:28","indexId":"70141757","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2809,"text":"Nanotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of hardness on the bioavailability of silver to a freshwater snail after waterborne exposure to silver nitrate and silver nanoparticles","docAbstract":"<p>The release of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the aquatic environment is likely, but the influence of water chemistry on their impacts and fate remains unclear. Here, we characterize the bioavailability of Ag from AgNO<sub>3</sub> and from AgNPs capped with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP AgNP) and thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG AgNP) in the freshwater snail, <i>Lymnaea stagnalis</i>, after short waterborne exposures. Results showed that water hardness, AgNP capping agents, and metal speciation affected the uptake rate of Ag from AgNPs. Comparison of the results from organisms of similar weight showed that water hardness affected the uptake of Ag from AgNPs, but not that from AgNO<sub>3</sub>. Transformation (dissolution and aggregation) of the AgNPs was also influenced by water hardness and the capping agent. Bioavailability of Ag from AgNPs was, in turn, correlated to these physical changes. Water hardness increased the aggregation of AgNPs, especially for PEG AgNPs, reducing the bioavailability of Ag from PEG AgNPs to a greater degree than from PVP AgNPs. Higher dissolved Ag concentrations were measured for the PVP AgNPs (15%) compared to PEG AgNPs (3%) in moderately hard water, enhancing Ag bioavailability of the former. Multiple drivers of bioavailability yielded differences in Ag influx between very hard and deionized water where the uptake rate constants (<i>k</i><sub>uw</sub>, l g<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> &plusmn; SE) varied from 3.1&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;0.7 to 0.2&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;0.01 for PEG AgNPs and from 2.3&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;0.02 to 1.3&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;0.01 for PVP AgNPs. Modeling bioavailability of Ag from NPs revealed that Ag influx into&nbsp;<i>L. stagnalis</i><span>&nbsp;comprised uptake from the NPs themselves and from newly dissolved Ag.</span><span><br /></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Informa Healthcare","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.3109/17435390.2014.991772","usgsCitation":"Stoiber, T., Croteau, M.N., Romer, I., Tejamaya, M., Lead, J.R., and Luoma, S.N., 2015, Influence of hardness on the bioavailability of silver to a freshwater snail after waterborne exposure to silver nitrate and silver nanoparticles: Nanotoxicology, v. 9, no. 7, p. 918-927, https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2014.991772.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"918","endPage":"927","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055265","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Influence_of_hardness_on_the_bioavailability_of_silver_to_a_freshwater_snail_after_waterborne_exposure_to_silver_nitrate_and_silver_nanoparticles/1568154","text":"External Repository"},{"id":298123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54edaebee4b02d776a6849ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoiber, Tasha L.","contributorId":91402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoiber","given":"Tasha L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romer, Isabella","contributorId":139390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romer","given":"Isabella","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7157,"text":"University of Birmingham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tejamaya, Mila","contributorId":93375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tejamaya","given":"Mila","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lead, Jamie R.","contributorId":41331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lead","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70147363,"text":"70147363 - 2015 - Comment on “Models of stochastic, spatially varying stress in the crust compatible with focal‐mechanism data, and how stress inversions can be biased toward the stress rate” by Deborah Elaine Smith and Thomas H. Heaton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-05T10:06:26","indexId":"70147363","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on “Models of stochastic, spatially varying stress in the crust compatible with focal‐mechanism data, and how stress inversions can be biased toward the stress rate” by Deborah Elaine Smith and Thomas H. Heaton","docAbstract":"<p>Smith and Heaton (2011) propose a model in which stress in the crust is fractal‐like and highly variable on a range of length scales, including short length‐scales of ~1 km. Smith and Heaton (2011) motivate the need for stress heterogeneity on short length‐scales by citing observations such as short length‐scale changes in stress directions inferred from borehole breakouts, short length‐scale changes in earthquake slip, and the success of numerical models that include short‐wavelength stress heterogeneity. The heterogeneous part of the stress field in their model is more than twice as large as the homogeneous part. The stress field in this model frequently reverses itself over short distances, as can be seen in figure14 a of Smith and Heaton (2011). The modeled stress field contains at least 10 areas of reversed shear stress direction over the length of a 100 km long profile, with the length of the reversed areas ranging from &lt;1 to ~5 km.</p>\n<p>This model makes specific predictions about the orientations and heterogeneity of earthquake focal mechanisms. Smith and Heaton (2011) attempt to validate this heterogeneous stress model using observations of earthquake focal‐mechanism variability from Hardebeck (2006). They then demonstrate that the model predicts a bias in the orientations of earthquake focal mechanisms, which are biased away from the background stress and toward the stressing rate. They suggest the focal‐mechanism bias in this model invalidates the large body of work over the last several decades, that has inferred stress orientations from the inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms. The question of whether or not the Smith and Heaton (2011) model is applicable to the real Earth is therefore important not only for understanding spatial stress variability but also for evaluating the numerous studies that have inferred crustal stress orientations from earthquake focal mechanisms (e.g., as compiled by Heidbach <i>et al.</i>, 2008).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120130127","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J.L., 2015, Comment on “Models of stochastic, spatially varying stress in the crust compatible with focal‐mechanism data, and how stress inversions can be biased toward the stress rate” by Deborah Elaine Smith and Thomas H. Heaton: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 1, p. 447-451, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130127.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"451","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045509","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5549e9b4e4b064e4207ca432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70147979,"text":"70147979 - 2015 - H7N9 influenza A virus in turkeys in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-11T09:35:58","indexId":"70147979","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2301,"text":"Journal of General Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"H7N9 influenza A virus in turkeys in Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Introductions of H7 Influenza A virus (IAV) from wild birds into poultry have been documented worldwide, resulting in varying degrees of morbidity and mortality. H7 IAV infection in domestic poultry has served as a source of human infection and disease. We report the detection of H7N9 subtype IAV in Minnesota turkey farms during 2009 and 2011. The full-genome was sequenced from eight isolates as well as the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments of H7 and N9 virus subtypes for 108 isolates from North American wild birds between 1986 and 2012. Through maximum likelihood and coalescent phylogenetic analyses, we identified the recent H7 and N9 IAV ancestors of the turkey-origin H7N9 IAV, estimated the time and geographic origin of the ancestral viruses, and determined the relatedness between the 2009 and the 2011 turkey-origin H7N9 IAV. Analyses supported that the 2009 and the 2011 viruses were distantly related genetically, suggesting that the two outbreaks arose from independent introduction events from wild birds. Our findings further support that the 2011 MN turkey-origin H7N9 virus was closely related to H7N9 IAV isolated in poultry in Nebraska during the same year. Although the precise origin of the wild-bird donor of the turkey-origin H7N9 IAV could not be determined, our findings suggest that, for both the NA and HA gene segments, the MN turkey-origin H7N9 viruses were related to viruses circulating in wild birds between 2006 and 2011 in the Mississippi flyway.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for General Microbiology","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1099/vir.0.067504-0","usgsCitation":"Lebarbenchon, C., Pedersen, J., Sreevatsan, S., Ramey, A.M., Dugan, V.G., Halpin, R., Ferro, P.A., Lupiani, B., Enomoto, S., Poulson, R.L., Smeltzer, M., Cardona, C.J., Tompkins, S., Wentworth, D., Stallknecht, D., and Brown, J., 2015, H7N9 influenza A virus in turkeys in Minnesota: Journal of General Virology, v. 96, no. 2, p. 269-276, https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.067504-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055807","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4298677","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.2509765625,\n              48.98742700601184\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.13012695312499,\n              48.669198799260045\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.152099609375,\n              48.1367666796927\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.87744140625,\n              47.58393661978137\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8115234375,\n              46.66451741754235\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.64672851562499,\n              46.27863122156088\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.624755859375,\n              45.920587344733654\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8994140625,\n              45.644768217751924\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.712646484375,\n              45.42158812329091\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.43798828125,\n              45.24395342262324\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.45996093749999,\n              43.51668853502909\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.23046875,\n              43.50872101129684\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.25244140624999,\n              43.8503744993026\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.82373046875,\n              44.174324837518895\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.95556640625,\n              44.378839759088585\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.35107421874999,\n              44.55916341529184\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.801513671875,\n              44.77013681219717\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74658203125,\n              45.298075138707965\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.65869140625,\n              45.42929873257377\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.735595703125,\n              45.60635207711834\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.867431640625,\n              45.590978249451936\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.83447265624999,\n              45.706179285330855\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.691650390625,\n              45.87471224890479\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.274169921875,\n              46.06560846138691\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.30712890625,\n              46.67205646734499\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.120361328125,\n              46.76244305208004\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.241455078125,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.68115234375,\n              47.64318610543658\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.857177734375,\n              47.87214396888731\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6044921875,\n              48.026672195436014\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.087890625,\n              48.11476663187632\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.736083984375,\n              48.122101028190805\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.85693359375,\n              48.246625590713826\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.461181640625,\n              48.07807894349862\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.076416015625,\n              48.37084770238363\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.39501953125,\n              48.34894812401375\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.449951171875,\n              48.44377831058805\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.625732421875,\n              48.53843177405044\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.98828125,\n              48.64016871811908\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.306884765625,\n              48.65468584817256\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.69140625,\n              48.531157010976706\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.8232421875,\n              48.647427805533546\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.273681640625,\n              48.719961222646276\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.59228515625,\n              48.741700879765396\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.691162109375,\n              48.83579746243093\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.779052734375,\n              49.33228198473771\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.98779296875,\n              49.38952445158216\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.16357421875,\n              49.403824657885124\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.16357421875,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.2509765625,\n              48.98742700601184\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2b4e4b0a92fa7e93be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lebarbenchon, Camille","contributorId":140670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebarbenchon","given":"Camille","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pedersen, J.C.","contributorId":101085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedersen","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sreevatsan, Srinand","contributorId":96186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sreevatsan","given":"Srinand","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dugan, Vivien G.","contributorId":32446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"Vivien","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Halpin, R.A.","contributorId":19786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halpin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ferro, Paul A.","contributorId":58179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferro","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lupiani, B.","contributorId":140671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lupiani","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Enomoto, Shinichiro","contributorId":61744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Shinichiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Poulson, Rebecca L.","contributorId":68669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulson","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smeltzer, M.","contributorId":140672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smeltzer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cardona, Carol J.","contributorId":10536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardona","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Tompkins, S.","contributorId":51123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tompkins","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wentworth, D.E.","contributorId":23768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Stallknecht, D.E.","contributorId":6660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallknecht","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Brown, J.","contributorId":25486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70147980,"text":"70147980 - 2015 - Spatial genetic structure of bristle-thighed curlews (Numenius tahitiensis): Breeding area differentiation not reflected on the non-breeding grounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T13:10:04","indexId":"70147980","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Spatial genetic structure of bristle-thighed curlews (<i>Numenius tahitiensis</i>): Breeding area differentiation not reflected on the non-breeding grounds","title":"Spatial genetic structure of bristle-thighed curlews (Numenius tahitiensis): Breeding area differentiation not reflected on the non-breeding grounds","docAbstract":"<p>Migratory birds occupy geographically and ecologically disparate areas during their annual cycle with conditions on breeding and non-breeding grounds playing separate and important roles in population dynamics. We used data from nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA control region loci to assess the breeding and non-breeding spatial genetic structure of a transoceanic migrant shorebird, the bristle-thighed curlew. We found spatial variance in the distribution of allelic and haplotypic frequencies between the curlew's two breeding areas in Alaska but did not observe this spatial structure throughout its non-breeding range on low-lying tropical and subtropical islands in the Central Pacific (Oceania). This suggests that the two breeding populations do not spatially segregate during the non-breeding season. Lack of migratory connectivity is likely attributable to the species' behavior, as bristle-thighed curlews exhibit differential timing of migration and some individuals move among islands during non-breeding months. Given the detrimental impact of many past and current human activities on island ecosystems, admixture of breeding populations in Oceania may render the bristle-thighed curlew less vulnerable to perturbations there, as neither breeding population will be disproportionally affected by local habitat losses or by stochastic events. Furthermore, lack of migratory connectivity may enable bristle-thighed curlews to respond to changing island ecosystems by altering their non-breeding distribution. However, availability of suitable non-breeding habitat for curlews in Oceania is increasingly limited on both low-lying and high islands by habitat loss, sea level rise, and invasive mammalian predators that pose a threat to flightless and flight-compromised curlews during the molting period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10592-014-0654-4","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., Tibbitts, T.L., Gill, R., Williams, I.S., and Talbot, S.L., 2015, Spatial genetic structure of bristle-thighed curlews (Numenius tahitiensis): Breeding area differentiation not reflected on the non-breeding grounds: Conservation Genetics, v. 16, no. 1, p. 223-233, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0654-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"233","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055300","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WS8RB7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from Bristle-Thighed Curlews at James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge, O'ahu, Hawaii, 2012-2014"},{"id":300264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2bbe4b0a92fa7e93c0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":140455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Ian S.","contributorId":77439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70146666,"text":"70146666 - 2015 - Site-scale disturbance and habitat development best predict an index of amphibian biotic integrity in Ohio shrub and forested wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T11:30:27","indexId":"70146666","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site-scale disturbance and habitat development best predict an index of amphibian biotic integrity in Ohio shrub and forested wetlands","docAbstract":"<p>We determined the best predictors of an index of amphibian biotic integrity calculated from 54 shrub and forested wetlands in Ohio, USA using a two-step sequential holdout validation procedure. We considered 13 variables as predictors: four metrics of wetland condition from the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method (ORAM), a wetland vegetation index of biotic integrity, and eight metrics from a landscape disturbance index. For all iterations, the best model included the single ORAM metric that assesses habitat alteration, substrate disturbance, and habitat development within a wetland. Our results align with results of similar studies that have associated high scores for wetland vegetation indices of biotic integrity with low habitat alteration and substrate disturbance within wetlands. Thus, implementing similar management practices (e.g., not removing downed woody debris, retaining natural morphological features, decreasing nutrient input from surrounding agricultural lands) could concurrently increase ecological integrity of both plant and amphibian communities in a wetland. Further, our results have the unexpected effect of making progress toward a more unifying theory of ecological indices.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"McClean, VA","doi":"10.1007/s13157-015-0638-2","usgsCitation":"Micacchion, M., Stapanian, M.A., and Adams, J.V., 2015, Site-scale disturbance and habitat development best predict an index of amphibian biotic integrity in Ohio shrub and forested wetlands: Wetlands, v. 35, no. 3, p. 509-519, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-015-0638-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"519","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053300","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299809,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.825439453125,\n              41.705728515237524\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.83642578125,\n              39.07037913108751\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.385986328125,\n              39.00211029922512\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.19921875,\n              38.736946065676\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.726806640625,\n              38.57393751557591\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.232421875,\n              38.548165423046584\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.891845703125,\n              38.685509760012\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.584228515625,\n              38.36750215395045\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.12280273437499,\n              38.522384090200845\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.02392578125,\n              38.90813299596705\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9140625,\n              38.796908303484294\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.474609375,\n              39.32579941789298\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.38671875,\n              39.27478966170308\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.804443359375,\n              39.605688178320804\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.518798828125,\n              40.47202439692057\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.518798828125,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.4521484375,\n              41.73852846935917\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.825439453125,\n              41.705728515237524\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553774b1e4b0b22a15808516","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Micacchion, Mick","contributorId":21511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micacchion","given":"Mick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70141763,"text":"70141763 - 2015 - Ephemeral stream reaches preserve the evolutionary and distributional history of threespine stickleback in the Santa Clara and Ventura River watersheds of southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-23T09:32:27","indexId":"70141763","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ephemeral stream reaches preserve the evolutionary and distributional history of threespine stickleback in the Santa Clara and Ventura River watersheds of southern California","docAbstract":"<p>Much remains to be understood about the evolutionary history and contemporary landscape genetics of unarmored threespine stickleback in southern California, where populations collectively referred to as <i>Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni</i> have severely declined over the past 70+ years and are now endangered. We used mitochondrial sequence and microsatellite data to assess the population genetics and phylogeography of unarmored populations sampled immediately downstream from the type locality of <i>G. a. williamsoni</i> in the upper Santa Clara River, and assessed their distinctiveness with respect to low-armor populations in the downstream sections of the river and the adjacent Ventura River. We also characterized the geographic limits of different plate morphs and evaluated the congruence of those boundaries with barriers to dispersal in both river systems and to neutral genetic variation. We show substantial population structuring within the upper reach of the Santa Clara River, but little partitioning between the lower Santa Clara and Ventura Rivers&mdash;we attribute these patterns to different ancestry between spatially subdivided populations within the same drainage, a predominance of downstream gene flow, and ability for coastal dispersal between the Santa Clara and Ventura Rivers. We also show that alleles from introduced low-plate stock have infiltrated a native population in at least one upper Santa Clara River tributary, causing this formerly unarmored population to become gradually low-plated over a 30 + year time period. Measures of genetic diversity, census surveys, and severe habitat disturbance all indicate that unarmored stickleback near the type locality are currently at high risk of extinction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10592-014-0643-7","usgsCitation":"Richmond, J.Q., Jacobs, D.K., Backlin, A.R., Swift, C.C., Dellith, C., and Fisher, R.N., 2015, Ephemeral stream reaches preserve the evolutionary and distributional history of threespine stickleback in the Santa Clara and Ventura River watersheds of southern California: Conservation Genetics, v. 16, no. 1, p. 85-101, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0643-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058303","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Clara","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.02308654785156,\n              37.21392518793643\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02308654785156,\n              37.41107339721063\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.85142517089844,\n              37.41107339721063\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.85142517089844,\n              37.21392518793643\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02308654785156,\n              37.21392518793643\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ec5d41e4b02d776a67daa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobs, David K.","contributorId":139394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobs","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Backlin, Adam R. 0000-0001-5618-8426 abacklin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-8426","contributorId":3802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backlin","given":"Adam","email":"abacklin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swift, Camm C.","contributorId":139395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swift","given":"Camm","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12725,"text":"Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dellith, Chris","contributorId":139396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dellith","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70145827,"text":"70145827 - 2015 - Integrated survival analysis using an event-time approach in a Bayesian framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-13T09:31:55","indexId":"70145827","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated survival analysis using an event-time approach in a Bayesian framework","docAbstract":"<p>Event-time or continuous-time statistical approaches have been applied throughout the biostatistical literature and have led to numerous scientific advances. However, these techniques have traditionally relied on knowing failure times. This has limited application of these analyses, particularly, within the ecological field where fates of marked animals may be unknown. To address these limitations, we developed an integrated approach within a Bayesian framework to estimate hazard rates in the face of unknown fates. We combine failure/survival times from individuals whose fates are known and times of which are interval-censored with information from those whose fates are unknown, and model the process of detecting animals with unknown fates. This provides the foundation for our integrated model and permits necessary parameter estimation. We provide the Bayesian model, its derivation, and use simulation techniques to investigate the properties and performance of our approach under several scenarios. Lastly, we apply our estimation technique using a piece-wise constant hazard function to investigate the effects of year, age, chick size and sex, sex of the tending adult, and nesting habitat on mortality hazard rates of the endangered mountain plover (Charadrius montanus) chicks. Traditional models were inappropriate for this analysis because fates of some individual chicks were unknown due to failed radio transmitters. Simulations revealed biases of posterior mean estimates were minimal (&le; 4.95%), and posterior distributions behaved as expected with RMSE of the estimates decreasing as sample sizes, detection probability, and survival increased. We determined mortality hazard rates for plover chicks were highest at &lt;5 days old and were lower for chicks with larger birth weights and/or whose nest was within agricultural habitats. Based on its performance, our approach greatly expands the range of problems for which event-time analyses can be used by eliminating the need for having completely known fate data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub. Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1399","usgsCitation":"Walsh, D.P., Dreitz, V., and Heisey, D.M., 2015, Integrated survival analysis using an event-time approach in a Bayesian framework: Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 3, p. 769-780, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1399.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"769","endPage":"780","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061696","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1399","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552ce8b8e4b0b22a157f50b5","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ece3.1399","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1399","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Walsh Daniel P., Dreitz Victoria J., Heisey Dennis M.","journalName":"Ecology and Evolution","publicationDate":"1/17/2015","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Daniel P. 0000-0002-7772-2445 dwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-2445","contributorId":4758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Daniel","email":"dwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dreitz, VJ","contributorId":140149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dreitz","given":"VJ","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heisey, Dennis M. dheisey@usgs.gov","contributorId":2455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisey","given":"Dennis","email":"dheisey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148079,"text":"70148079 - 2015 - An open-population hierarchical distance sampling model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T09:05:34","indexId":"70148079","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An open-population hierarchical distance sampling model","docAbstract":"<p>Modeling population dynamics while accounting for imperfect detection is essential to monitoring programs. Distance sampling allows estimating population size while accounting for imperfect detection, but existing methods do not allow for direct estimation of demographic parameters. We develop a model that uses temporal correlation in abundance arising from underlying population dynamics to estimate demographic parameters from repeated distance sampling surveys. Using a simulation study motivated by designing a monitoring program for island scrub-jays (<i>Aphelocoma insularis</i>), we investigated the power of this model to detect population trends. We generated temporally autocorrelated abundance and distance sampling data over six surveys, using population rates of change of 0.95 and 0.90. We fit the data generating Markovian model and a mis-specified model with a log-linear time effect on abundance, and derived post hoc trend estimates from a model estimating abundance for each survey separately. We performed these analyses for varying number of survey points. Power to detect population changes was consistently greater under the Markov model than under the alternatives, particularly for reduced numbers of survey points. The model can readily be extended to more complex demographic processes than considered in our simulations. This novel framework can be widely adopted for wildlife population monitoring.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Brooklyn, NY","doi":"10.1890/14-1625.1","usgsCitation":"Sollmann, R., Gardner, B., Chandler, R.B., Royle, J.A., and Sillett, T.S., 2015, An open-population hierarchical distance sampling model: Ecology, v. 96, no. 2, p. 325-331, https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1625.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060570","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1625.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c5eb0e4b0a92fa7eacbf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sollmann, Rachel","contributorId":11909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sollmann","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Beth","contributorId":140853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Beth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chandler, Richard B rchandler@usgs.gov","contributorId":140854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chandler","given":"Richard","email":"rchandler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":13596,"text":"Univ. Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":139626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J.","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sillett, T Scott","contributorId":140855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sillett","given":"T","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":13597,"text":"Smithsonian Institude","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70157128,"text":"70157128 - 2015 - In the path of destruction - eyewitness chronicles of Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T15:02:20","indexId":"70157128","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"In the path of destruction - eyewitness chronicles of Mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"<p><span>A geologist with intimate knowledge of Mount St. Helens, Richard Waitt chronicles the eruption through unforgettable, riveting narratives—the heart of a masterful chronology that also delivers engrossing science, history, and journalism.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Washington State University Press","isbn":"978-0-87422-323-1","usgsCitation":"Waitt, R.B., 2015, In the path of destruction - eyewitness chronicles of Mount St. Helens, 416 p.","productDescription":"416 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044310","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wsupress.wsu.edu/product/in-the-path-of-destruction/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.30804443359375,\n              46.11132565729796\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.30804443359375,\n              46.27103747280261\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05673217773438,\n              46.27103747280261\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05673217773438,\n              46.11132565729796\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.30804443359375,\n              46.11132565729796\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f15830e4b0dacf699eb967","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waitt, Richard B. 0000-0002-6392-5604 waitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-5604","contributorId":2343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waitt","given":"Richard","email":"waitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70148005,"text":"70148005 - 2015 - The cost of reproduction: differential resource specialization in female and male California sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T16:43:00","indexId":"70148005","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The cost of reproduction: differential resource specialization in female and male California sea otters","docAbstract":"<p><span>Intraspecific variation in behavior and diet can have important consequences for population and ecosystem dynamics. Here, we examine how differences in reproductive investment and spatial ecology influence individual diet specialization in male and female southern sea otters (</span><i class=\"a-plus-plus\">Enhydra lutris nereis</i><span>). We hypothesize that greater reproductive constraints and smaller home ranges of females lead to more pronounced intraspecific competition and increased specialization. We integrate stable carbon (&delta;</span><span class=\"a-plus-plus\">13</span><span>C) and nitrogen (&delta;</span><span class=\"a-plus-plus\">15</span><span>N)&nbsp;isotope analysis of sea otter vibrissae with long-term observational studies of five subpopulations in California. We define individual diet specialization as low ratios of within-individual variation (WIC) to total population niche width (TNW). We compare isotopic and observational based metrics of WIC/TNW for males and females to data on population densities, and movement patterns using both general linear and linear mixed-effects models. Consistent with our hypothesis, increasing population density is associated with increased individual diet specialization by females but not by males. Additionally, we find the amount of coastline in a sea otter&rsquo;s home range positively related with individual dietary variability, with increased range span resulting in weaker specialization for both males and females. We attribute our results to sex-based differences in movement, with females needing to specialize in their small ranges to maximize energy gain, and posit that the paradigm of individual prey specialization in sea otters with increased intraspecific competition may be a pattern driven largely by females. Our work highlights a potentially broader role of sex in the mechanistic pressures promoting and maintaining diet&nbsp;specialization.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-014-3206-1","usgsCitation":"Elliott Smith, E.A., Newsome, S.D., Estes, J.A., and Tinker, M.T., 2015, The cost of reproduction: differential resource specialization in female and male California sea otters: Oecologia, v. 178, no. 1, p. 17-29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-3206-1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059908","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300323,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.12451171875,\n              34.43862840686652\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.0750732421875,\n              34.48392002731984\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.11352539062499,\n              34.51560953848204\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.22338867187499,\n              34.51560953848204\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.30578613281251,\n              34.51560953848204\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4046630859375,\n              34.52466147177172\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.44311523437499,\n              34.615126683462194\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4705810546875,\n              34.68291096793206\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4705810546875,\n              34.77771580360469\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.45959472656249,\n              34.94448806230625\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4486083984375,\n              35.06147690849717\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5255126953125,\n              35.191766965947394\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5914306640625,\n              35.31288398967159\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.67932128906249,\n              35.290468565908775\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.72326660156249,\n              35.38904996691167\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.7452392578125,\n              35.48751102385376\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.80566406250001,\n              35.52775582793653\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.91552734375,\n              35.576916524038616\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.13525390625,\n              35.7286770448517\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2451171875,\n              35.8356283888737\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.343994140625,\n              35.92019610057511\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.46484375,\n              36.09349937380574\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.61865234375,\n              36.27970720524017\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75048828124999,\n              36.38149043210595\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81640624999999,\n              36.48314061639213\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.76696777343749,\n              36.602299135790446\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.69006347656249,\n              36.74768773190056\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6845703125,\n              36.86204269508728\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.728515625,\n              36.958671131530316\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8218994140625,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9757080078125,\n              37.05956083025126\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.11303710937499,\n              37.06394430056685\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.244873046875,\n              37.15156050223665\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.36022949218749,\n              37.27842385645373\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.42614746093749,\n              37.31338308990806\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5140380859375,\n              37.25656608611523\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4591064453125,\n              37.18220222107978\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.36022949218749,\n              37.068327517596586\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28332519531249,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.20642089843749,\n              36.94111143010772\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1514892578125,\n              36.923547681089296\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0416259765625,\n              36.914764288955936\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9317626953125,\n              36.87962060502676\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.86584472656251,\n              36.83127162140714\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.86035156249999,\n              36.76969233214548\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.915283203125,\n              36.70365959719456\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.025146484375,\n              36.672824886786564\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.04711914062499,\n              36.602299135790446\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0086669921875,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.98669433593749,\n              36.372644996081206\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9757080078125,\n              36.27527883184338\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.89331054687499,\n              36.22211876039103\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7779541015625,\n              36.155617833818525\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.72302246093749,\n              36.071302299422406\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5911865234375,\n              35.94688293218141\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5087890625,\n              35.8356283888737\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4373779296875,\n              35.77325759103725\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.387939453125,\n              35.69299463209881\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.34948730468749,\n              35.63051198300061\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.278076171875,\n              35.585851593232356\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.16271972656249,\n              35.536696378395035\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.04736328125,\n              35.460669951495305\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.98693847656249,\n              35.411438052435464\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.9649658203125,\n              35.33977430038646\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.9539794921875,\n              35.25907654252574\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.91552734375,\n              35.133386854253075\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.80017089843749,\n              35.1154153142536\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.69580078125001,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.73974609374999,\n              34.92647493584645\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.72326660156249,\n              34.854382885097905\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.69030761718749,\n              34.79576153473033\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.69030761718749,\n              34.71452466170392\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.7012939453125,\n              34.6060845921693\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.70678710937499,\n              34.52013562807766\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5584716796875,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4541015625,\n              34.35704160076073\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1519775390625,\n              34.40237742424137\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.12451171875,\n              34.43862840686652\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"178","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55532438e4b0a92fa7e94ca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott Smith, Emma A.","contributorId":140743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott Smith","given":"Emma","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13339,"text":"University of New Mexico, Albuquerque","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newsome, Seth D.","contributorId":81640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newsome","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70150459,"text":"70150459 - 2015 - Reducing nitrogen export from the corn belt to the Gulf of Mexico: agricultural strategies for remediating hypoxia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:16:11","indexId":"70150459","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reducing nitrogen export from the corn belt to the Gulf of Mexico: agricultural strategies for remediating hypoxia","docAbstract":"<p><span>SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed models developed for the Upper Midwest were used to help evaluate the nitrogen-load reductions likely to be achieved by a variety of agricultural conservation practices in the Upper Mississippi-Ohio River Basin (UMORB) and to compare these reductions to the 45% nitrogen-load reduction proposed to remediate hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Our results indicate that nitrogen-management practices (improved fertilizer management and cover crops) fall short of achieving this goal, even if adopted on all cropland in the region. The goal of a 45% decrease in loads to the GoM can only be achieved through the coupling of nitrogen-management practices with innovative nitrogen-removal practices such as tile-drainage treatment wetlands, drainage&ndash;ditch enhancements, stream-channel restoration, and floodplain reconnection. Combining nitrogen-management practices with nitrogen-removal practices can dramatically reduce nutrient export from agricultural landscapes while minimizing impacts to agricultural production. With this approach, it may be possible to meet the 45% nutrient reduction goal while converting less than 1% of cropland in the UMORB to nitrogen-removal practices. Conservationists, policy makers, and agricultural producers seeking a workable strategy to reduce nitrogen export from the Corn Belt will need to consider a combination of nitrogen-management practices at the field scale and diverse nitrogen-removal practices at the landscape scale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12246","usgsCitation":"McLellan, E., Robertson, D.M., Schilling, K., Tomer, M., Kostel, J., Smith, D.G., and King, K., 2015, Reducing nitrogen export from the corn belt to the Gulf of Mexico: agricultural strategies for remediating hypoxia: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 51, no. 1, p. 263-289, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12246.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050927","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River Basin, Upper Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.5625,\n              37.212831514455964\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.298828125,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.76025390625,\n              36.58024660149866\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.76025390625,\n              36.38591277287651\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.0458984375,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.36474609375,\n              36.1733569352216\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.716796875,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.13427734374999,\n              37.212831514455964\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.33203125,\n              37.63163475580643\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0244140625,\n              37.996162679728116\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.69482421875,\n              38.59970036588819\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.27734374999999,\n              38.46219172306828\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.40917968749999,\n              39.7240885773337\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              40.329795743702064\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.07958984375,\n              40.96330795307351\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.12353515625,\n              41.541477666790286\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.85986328125,\n              41.73852846935917\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.50830078125,\n              41.88592102814744\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              42.261049162113856\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.2333984375,\n              42.569264372193864\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.78271484375,\n              42.147114459220994\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.419921875,\n              41.86956082699455\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.83740234375,\n              41.541477666790286\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.298828125,\n              41.36031866306708\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.24365234375,\n              41.1455697310095\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6171875,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.34228515625,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.04541015625,\n              40.49709237269567\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.7705078125,\n              40.613952441166596\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.45166015624999,\n              40.94671366508002\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.0009765625,\n              41.42625319507272\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.72607421875,\n              41.492120839687786\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.9677734375,\n              41.705728515237524\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5830078125,\n              41.72213058512578\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.86865234374999,\n              42.374778361114195\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.76953125,\n              43.48481212891603\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.20898437499999,\n              43.866218006556394\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.67041015625,\n              43.75522505306928\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.19775390625,\n              43.866218006556394\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3076171875,\n              44.134913443750726\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.97802734375,\n              44.38669150215206\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41748046874999,\n              44.91813929958515\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3076171875,\n              45.506346901083425\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.75830078125,\n              46.30140615437332\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.15380859375,\n              46.37725420510028\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.76904296874999,\n              46.45299704748289\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.56005859375,\n              46.42271253466719\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.39501953125,\n              46.36209301204985\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.27392578125,\n              46.72480037466717\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.779296875,\n              47.204642388766935\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.69140625,\n              47.54687159892238\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.7353515625,\n              47.82790816919327\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.24072265625,\n              47.84265762816535\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.29541015625,\n              47.88688085106898\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.86669921875,\n              47.65058757118734\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.9326171875,\n              47.249406957888446\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.888671875,\n              46.76996843356982\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.77880859375,\n              46.195042108660154\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2841796875,\n              45.767522962149904\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.96533203125,\n              45.62940492064501\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.62451171875,\n              45.935870621190546\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.3388671875,\n              45.47554027158593\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.52587890625,\n              44.2294565683017\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.69091796875,\n              43.46886761482925\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.09765625,\n              43.42100882994726\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.85595703125,\n              43.03677585761058\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.38330078125,\n              42.68243539838623\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.20751953125,\n              42.04929263868686\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.32861328125,\n              41.42625319507272\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.88916015625,\n              41.02964338716638\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.18603515624999,\n              41.1290213474951\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.0322265625,\n              40.59727063442027\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.92236328125,\n              39.90973623453719\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.43896484375,\n              38.95940879245423\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.16455078125,\n              38.65119833229951\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5712890625,\n              38.87392853923629\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.32958984375,\n              39.01064750994083\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.04394531249999,\n              38.66835610151509\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3076171875,\n              38.42777351132905\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.94482421875,\n              38.30718056188316\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.3291015625,\n              38.03078569382294\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.373046875,\n              37.64903402157866\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.845703125,\n              37.35269280367274\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              37.63163475580643\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.28564453124999,\n              37.77071473849609\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.04394531249999,\n              37.59682400108367\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5712890625,\n              37.19533058280065\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.24169921875,\n              36.914764288955936\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.4287109375,\n              36.96744946416931\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.20898437499999,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.96728515624999,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.61572265625,\n              37.125286284966805\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.13232421875,\n              36.54494944148322\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.890625,\n              36.049098959065645\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.20947265625,\n              35.69299463209881\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.59423828125,\n              35.35321610123821\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.95703125,\n              35.40696093270201\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.20996093749999,\n              35.92464453144099\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.92431640625,\n              36.20882309283712\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9580078125,\n              36.949891786813296\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5625,\n              37.212831514455964\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfbbe4b08400b1fe1433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLellan, Eileen","contributorId":143718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLellan","given":"Eileen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":15310,"text":"Environmental Defense Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schilling, Keith","contributorId":143719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schilling","given":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":15311,"text":"Iowa Dept. of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tomer, Mark","contributorId":143720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomer","given":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":6684,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Aiken, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kostel, Jill","contributorId":146458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kostel","given":"Jill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"King, Kevin","contributorId":143721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":6684,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Aiken, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70155114,"text":"70155114 - 2015 - Tectonic activity as a significant source of crustal tetrafluoromethane emissions to the atmosphere: observations in groundwaters along the San Andreas Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-30T10:47:27","indexId":"70155114","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic activity as a significant source of crustal tetrafluoromethane emissions to the atmosphere: observations in groundwaters along the San Andreas Fault","docAbstract":"<p>Tetrafluoromethane (CF4) concentrations were measured in 14 groundwater samples from the Cuyama Valley, Mil Potrero and Cuddy Valley aquifers along the Big Bend section of the San Andreas Fault System (SAFS) in California to assess whether tectonic activity in this region is a significant source of crustal CF4 to the atmosphere. Dissolved CF4 concentrations in all groundwater samples but one were elevated with respect to estimated recharge concentrations including entrainment of excess air during recharge (CreCre; &sim;30 fmol&thinsp;kg&minus;1 H2O), indicating subsurface addition of CF4 to these groundwaters. Groundwaters in the Cuyama Valley contain small CF4 excesses (0.1&ndash;9 times CreCre), which may be attributed to an in situ release from weathering and a minor addition of deep crustal CF4 introduced to the shallow groundwater through nearby faults. CF4 excesses in groundwaters within 200 m of the SAFS are larger (10&ndash;980 times CreCre) and indicate the presence of a deep crustal flux of CF4 that is likely associated with the physical alteration of silicate minerals in the shear zone of the SAFS. Extrapolating CF4 flux rates observed in this study to the full extent of the SAFS (1300 km &times; 20&ndash;100 km) suggests that the SAFS potentially emits (0.3&ndash;1)&times;10&minus;1 kg(0.3&ndash;1)&times;10&minus;1 kg CF4 yr&minus;1 to the Earth's surface. For comparison, the chemical weathering of &sim;7.5&times;104 km2&sim;7.5&times;104 km2 of granitic rock in California is estimated to release (0.019&ndash;3.2)&times;10&minus;1 kg(0.019&ndash;3.2)&times;10&minus;1 kg CF4 yr&minus;1. Tectonic activity is likely an important, and potentially the dominant, driver of natural emissions of CF4 to the atmosphere. Variations in preindustrial atmospheric CF4 as observed in paleo-archives such as ice cores may therefore represent changes in both continental weathering and tectonic activity, including changes driven by variations in continental ice cover during glacial&ndash;interglacial transitions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.016","usgsCitation":"Deeds, D., Kulongoski, J., Muhle, J., and Weiss, R.F., 2015, Tectonic activity as a significant source of crustal tetrafluoromethane emissions to the atmosphere: observations in groundwaters along the San Andreas Fault: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 412, p. 163-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.016.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"172","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049276","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cuyama Valley, Mil Potrero and Cuddy Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.94873046875,\n              34.43862840686652\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.94873046875,\n              35.07946034047981\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.267822265625,\n              35.07946034047981\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.267822265625,\n              34.43862840686652\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.94873046875,\n              34.43862840686652\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"412","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b98fc0e4b08f6647be517f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deeds, Daniel A. ddeeds@usgs.gov","contributorId":5087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deeds","given":"Daniel A.","email":"ddeeds@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154 kulongos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","email":"kulongos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muhle, Jens","contributorId":145626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muhle","given":"Jens","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12888,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weiss, Ray F.","contributorId":145627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiss","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12888,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156348,"text":"70156348 - 2015 - Factors influencing CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, northeast China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-20T12:54:13","indexId":"70156348","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1012,"text":"Biogeosciences Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, northeast China","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many factors are known to influence greenhouse gas emissions from coastal wetlands, but it is still unclear which factors are most important under field conditions when they are all acting simultaneously. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of water table, salinity, soil temperature and vegetation on CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;emissions and ecosystem respiration (</span><i>R</i><span>eco</span><span>) from five coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, northeast China: two&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites australis</i><span>&nbsp;(common reed) wetlands, two&nbsp;</span><i>Suaeda salsa</i><span>&nbsp;(sea blite) marshes and a rice (</span><i>Oryza sativa</i><span>) paddy. Throughout the growing season, the&nbsp;</span><i>Suaeda</i><span>&nbsp;wetlands were net CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;sinks whereas the&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites</i><span>&nbsp;wetlands and the rice paddy were net CH</span><span>4</span><span>sources emitting 1.2&ndash;6.1 g CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;m</span><span>&minus;2</span><span>&nbsp;y</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>. The&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites</i><span>&nbsp;wetlands emitted the most CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;per unit area and the most CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;relative to CO</span><span>2</span><span>. The main controlling factors for the CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;emissions were water table, temperature and salinity. The CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;emission was accelerated at high and constant (or managed) water tables and decreased at water tables below the soil surface. High temperatures enhanced CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;emissions, and emission rates were consistently low (&lt; 1 mg CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;m</span><span>&minus;2</span><span>&nbsp;h) at soil temperatures &lt;18 &deg;C. At salinity levels &gt; 18 ppt, the CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;emission rates were always low (&lt; 1 mg CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;m</span><span>&minus;2</span><span>&nbsp;h</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>) probably because methanogens were outcompeted by sulphate reducing bacteria. Saline&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites</i><span>&nbsp;wetlands can, however, emit significant amounts of CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;as CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;produced in deep soil layers are transported through the air-space tissue of the plants to the atmosphere. The CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;emission from coastal wetlands can be reduced by creating fluctuating water tables, including water tables below the soil surface, as well as by occasional flooding by high-salinity water. The effects of water management schemes on the biological communities in the wetlands must, however, be carefully studied prior to the management in order to avoid undesirable effects on the wetland communities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-12-4965-2015","usgsCitation":"Olsson, L., Ye, S., Yu, X., Wei, M., Krauss, K.W., and Brix, H., 2015, Factors influencing CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, northeast China: Biogeosciences Discussions, v. 12, p. 3469-3503, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4965-2015.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"3469","endPage":"3503","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063447","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4965-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","state":"Liaoning Province","otherGeospatial":"Liaohe Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              122.85736083984375,\n              41.49006348843993\n            ],\n            [\n              122.85736083984375,\n              41.95949009892465\n            ],\n            [\n              124.1180419921875,\n              41.95949009892465\n            ],\n            [\n              124.1180419921875,\n              41.49006348843993\n            ],\n            [\n              122.85736083984375,\n              41.49006348843993\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa32e4b0518e3546bc3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsson, Linda","contributorId":146731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsson","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13419,"text":"Aarhus University, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ye, Siyuan","contributorId":146732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ye","given":"Siyuan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16739,"text":"Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Shandong Province, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yu, Xueyang","contributorId":146733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Xueyang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16739,"text":"Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Shandong Province, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wei, Mengjie","contributorId":146734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wei","given":"Mengjie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16739,"text":"Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Shandong Province, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brix, Hans","contributorId":146735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brix","given":"Hans","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13419,"text":"Aarhus University, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70147432,"text":"70147432 - 2015 - Nest visits and capture events affect breeding success of Yellow-billed and Pacific loons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-01T09:31:36","indexId":"70147432","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest visits and capture events affect breeding success of Yellow-billed and Pacific loons","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate estimates of breeding success are essential for understanding population dynamics and for managing populations. Unfortunately, research activities to collect these data can negatively impact the breeding success of the study species and bias estimates of breeding success. Despite the potential for negative impacts, few studies have documented the effect of capturing incubating adults on nest survival or compared nest survival following different capture methods. In this study we evaluate the impacts of investigator disturbance associated with captures and nest visits on nest survival of Yellow-billed Loons (</span><i>Gavia adamsii</i><span>) and Pacific Loons (</span><i><i>Gavia pacifica</i></i><span>) in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPR-A), an area of conservation concern, in 2011&ndash;2013. In an effort to reduce capture-related nest failures, we developed a new suspended dive net technique to catch territorial aquatic birds while off their nests. We then compared nest survival following suspended dive net captures to bow-net trap captures of breeding adult loons. Daily nest survival following bow-net trap or suspended dive net capture was about 30% lower than when adults were not captured. The effect of captures on nest survival was similar between bow-net trap and suspended dive net capture methods. Nest visits without captures also negatively impacted nest survival, although less than captures. If not accounted for, nest visitation biased daily survival rates of nests downward 6%. Effects of investigator disturbance did not differ by species or between years. Our results suggest that any source of disturbance that displaces incubating adult loons could potentially reduce nest survival. To maximize breeding success, human disturbance factors should be limited near loon nests.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-14-102.1","usgsCitation":"Uher-Koch, B.D., Schmutz, J.A., and Wright, K., 2015, Nest visits and capture events affect breeding success of Yellow-billed and Pacific loons: Condor, v. 7, no. 1, p. 121-129, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-14-102.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057755","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-14-102.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Natural Petroleum Reserve-Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.94091796875,\n              70.44415495538642\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.80908203125,\n              70.48823599130287\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.72119140625,\n              70.53222152642122\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.89697265625,\n              70.58341752317065\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.27050781249997,\n              70.59802116106809\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.46826171875,\n              70.66360693648447\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.42431640625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.20458984375,\n              70.81581215931348\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.60009765625,\n              70.89507794040429\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.08349609375,\n              70.88068946707867\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.39111328125,\n              70.92382362110719\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.6767578125,\n              70.88068946707867\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.96240234375,\n              70.88068946707867\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.16015625,\n              70.79413934642666\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.5556640625,\n              70.83024762385253\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.66552734375,\n              70.88068946707867\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.53369140625,\n              70.92382362110719\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.53369140625,\n              71.02410590862257\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.86328125,\n              71.095425047661\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.21484375,\n              71.14519471708711\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.80810546875,\n              71.20899878425502\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.33544921875,\n              71.2796481045844\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.73095703125,\n              71.335983102213\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.97265625,\n              71.25848024041385\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.43408203125,\n              70.98119010476937\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.00537109375,\n              70.85908719717143\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.92822265624997,\n              70.82303119876653\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.14794921875,\n              70.8734913192635\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.54345703125,\n              70.8374614354039\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.93896484375,\n              70.72172636005789\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.37841796874997,\n              70.53222152642122\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.86181640624997,\n              70.36309108461556\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.3232421875,\n              70.25945200030641\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.6748046875,\n              70.25202914452564\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.96044921875,\n              70.32613725493573\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.39990234375,\n              68.32626242738179\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.158203125,\n              68.35059429645612\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.78466796875,\n              68.39918004344189\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.43310546875,\n              68.31814602144938\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.03759765625,\n              68.19605229820671\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.9169921875,\n              68.19605229820671\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.22509765625,\n              68.08970896434312\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.4560546875,\n              67.85898479324494\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.62109374999997,\n              67.65103282074831\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.0498046875,\n              67.5505588305692\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.830078125,\n              68.56841370879549\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.48974609375,\n              68.6885206018014\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.6767578125,\n              68.74435062211467\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.30322265625,\n              68.65655498475735\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.490234375,\n              68.97416358340674\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.69921875,\n              69.19379976461907\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.2158203125,\n              69.38031271734351\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.2158203125,\n              69.83962194067463\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.171875,\n              70.09552886456429\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.435546875,\n              70.38523137082291\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.94091796875,\n              70.44415495538642\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5544a3b4e4b0a658d79478c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Uher-Koch, Brian D. 0000-0002-1885-0260 buher-koch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-0260","contributorId":5117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uher-Koch","given":"Brian","email":"buher-koch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Kenneth G.","contributorId":127672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Kenneth G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148424,"text":"70148424 - 2015 - Magmatic gas emissions at Holocene volcanic features near Mono Lake, California, and their relation to regional magmatism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T13:39:07","indexId":"70148424","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magmatic gas emissions at Holocene volcanic features near Mono Lake, California, and their relation to regional magmatism","docAbstract":"<p><span>Silicic lavas have erupted repeatedly in the Mono Basin over the past few thousand years, forming the massive domes and coulees of the Mono Craters chain and the smaller island vents in Mono Lake. We report here on the first systematic study of magmatic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emissions from these features, conducted during 2007&ndash;2010. Most notably, a known locus of weak steam venting on the summit of North Coulee is actually enclosed in a large area (~&nbsp;0.25&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) of diffuse gas discharge that emits 10&ndash;14&nbsp;t/d of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, mostly at ambient temperature. Subsurface gases sampled here are heavily air-contaminated, but after standard corrections are applied, show average &delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C-CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;of &minus;&nbsp;4.72&permil;,&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>He/</span><sup>4</sup><span>He of 5.89R</span><sub>A</sub><span>, and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He of 0.77&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10</span><sup>10</sup><span>, very similar to the values in fumarolic gas from Mammoth Mountain and the Long Valley Caldera immediately to the south of the basin. If these values also characterize the magmatic gas source at Mono Lake, where CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;is captured by the alkaline lake water, a magmatic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;upflow beneath the lake of ~&nbsp;4&nbsp;t/d can be inferred. Groundwater discharge from the Mono Craters area transports ~&nbsp;13&nbsp;t/d of&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C-dead CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;as free gas and dissolved carbonate species, and adding in this component brings the estimated total magmatic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;output to 29&nbsp;t/d for the two silicic systems in the Mono Basin. If these emissions reflect intrusion and degassing of underlying basalt with 0.5&nbsp;wt.% CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, a modest intrusion rate of 0.00075&nbsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>/yr is indicated. Much higher intrusion rates are required to account for CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emissions from Mammoth Mountain and the West Moat of the Long Valley Caldera.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.01.008","usgsCitation":"Bergfeld, D., Evans, W.C., Howle, J.F., and Hunt, A.G., 2015, Magmatic gas emissions at Holocene volcanic features near Mono Lake, California, and their relation to regional magmatism: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 292, p. 70-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.01.008.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059936","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera, Mammoth Mountain, Mono Craters, Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.06639099121094,\n              37.44106442458555\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.06639099121094,\n              38.02862223458794\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.76083374023436,\n              38.02862223458794\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.76083374023436,\n              37.44106442458555\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.06639099121094,\n              37.44106442458555\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"292","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557176b5e4b077dba762a2c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergfeld, D. dbergfel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"dbergfel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howle, James F. 0000-0003-0491-6203 jfhowle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":2225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"James","email":"jfhowle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70155255,"text":"70155255 - 2015 - Evaluation of satellite rainfall estimates for drought and flood monitoring in Mozambique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:07:16","indexId":"70155255","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of satellite rainfall estimates for drought and flood monitoring in Mozambique","docAbstract":"<p><span>Satellite derived rainfall products are useful for drought and flood early warning and overcome the problem of sparse, unevenly distributed and erratic rain gauge observations, provided their accuracy is well known. Mozambique is highly vulnerable to extreme weather events such as major droughts and floods and thus, an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of different rainfall products is valuable. Three dekadal (10-day) gridded satellite rainfall products (TAMSAT African Rainfall Climatology And Time-series (TARCAT) v2.0, Famine Early Warning System NETwork (FEWS NET) Rainfall Estimate (RFE) v2.0, and Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS)) are compared to independent gauge data (2001&ndash;2012). This is done using pairwise comparison statistics to evaluate the performance in estimating rainfall amounts and categorical statistics to assess rain-detection capabilities. The analysis was performed for different rainfall categories, over the seasonal cycle and for regions dominated by different weather systems. Overall, satellite products overestimate low and underestimate high dekadal rainfall values. The RFE and CHIRPS products perform as good, generally outperforming TARCAT on the majority of statistical measures of skill. TARCAT detects best the relative frequency of rainfall events, while RFE underestimates and CHIRPS overestimates the rainfall events frequency. Differences in products performance disappear with higher rainfall and all products achieve better results during the wet season. During the cyclone season, CHIRPS shows the best results, while RFE outperforms the other products for lower dekadal rainfall. Products blending thermal infrared and passive microwave imagery perform better than infrared only products and particularly when meteorological patterns are more complex, such as over the coastal, central and south regions of Mozambique, where precipitation is influenced by frontal systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI AG","doi":"10.3390/rs70201758","usgsCitation":"Tote, C., Patricio, D., Boogaard, H., van der Wijngaart, R., Tarnavsky, E., and Funk, C.C., 2015, Evaluation of satellite rainfall estimates for drought and flood monitoring in Mozambique: Remote Sensing, v. 7, no. 2, p. 1758-1776, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70201758.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1758","endPage":"1776","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062070","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70201758","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mozambique","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              32.93701171875,\n              -26.88288045572338\n            ],\n            [\n              32.18994140625,\n              -26.843677401113002\n            ],\n            [\n              32.05810546875,\n              -26.056782885778798\n            ],\n            [\n              31.9482421875,\n              -25.859223554761382\n            ],\n            [\n              31.9921875,\n              -24.467150664738977\n            ],\n            [\n              31.552734374999996,\n              -23.443088931121775\n            ],\n            [\n              31.26708984375,\n              -22.41102852155869\n            ],\n            [\n              32.40966796875,\n              -21.309846141087192\n            ],\n            [\n              32.3876953125,\n              -21.105000275382054\n            ],\n            [\n              32.4755859375,\n              -20.509354588714576\n            ],\n            [\n              33.0029296875,\n              -19.746024239625417\n            ],\n            [\n              32.783203125,\n              -19.394067895396613\n            ],\n            [\n              32.6953125,\n              -18.750309813140653\n            ],\n            [\n              32.93701171875,\n              -18.375379094031814\n            ],\n            [\n              32.958984375,\n              -17.455472579972827\n            ],\n            [\n              32.87109375,\n              -16.867633616803836\n            ],\n            [\n              32.431640625,\n              -16.488764934242063\n            ],\n            [\n              31.640625,\n              -16.13026201203474\n            ],\n            [\n              30.95947265625,\n              -16.024695711685304\n            ],\n            [\n              30.454101562499996,\n              -16.003575733881313\n            ],\n            [\n              30.16845703125,\n              -14.987239525774244\n            ],\n            [\n              33.15673828125,\n              -13.966054081318301\n            ],\n            [\n              33.7060546875,\n              -14.541049898060388\n            ],\n            [\n              34.43115234375,\n              -14.349547837185362\n            ],\n            [\n              34.51904296875,\n              -14.626108798876839\n            ],\n            [\n              34.60693359375,\n              -15.347761924346937\n            ],\n            [\n              34.27734375,\n              -15.834535741221552\n            ],\n            [\n              34.47509765625,\n              -16.25686733062344\n            ],\n            [\n              35.13427734375,\n              -16.941214960202647\n            ],\n            [\n              35.057373046875,\n              -17.02527268537679\n            ],\n            [\n              35.079345703125,\n              -17.151288449816732\n            ],\n            [\n              35.299072265625,\n              -17.130291743533746\n            ],\n            [\n              35.26611328125,\n              -16.70986293320658\n            ],\n            [\n              35.17822265625,\n              -16.55196172197251\n            ],\n            [\n              35.4638671875,\n              -16.140815555276024\n            ],\n            [\n              35.8154296875,\n              -15.993014907400758\n            ],\n            [\n              35.83740234375,\n              -14.77488250651626\n            ],\n            [\n              35.35400390625,\n              -14.008696370634658\n            ],\n            [\n              34.80468749999999,\n              -13.47510594433495\n            ],\n            [\n              34.4970703125,\n              -13.47510594433495\n            ],\n            [\n              34.34326171875,\n              -12.103780891645817\n            ],\n            [\n              34.5849609375,\n              -11.5230875068685\n            ],\n            [\n              35.96923828125,\n              -11.480024648555816\n            ],\n            [\n              37.001953125,\n              -11.544616463449655\n            ],\n            [\n              37.94677734374999,\n              -11.24306204194776\n            ],\n            [\n              38.60595703125,\n              -11.329253026617318\n            ],\n            [\n              40.517578125,\n              -10.422988388338242\n            ],\n            [\n              40.84716796875,\n              -14.689881366618762\n            ],\n            [\n              39.814453125,\n              -16.46769474828897\n            ],\n            [\n              36.93603515625,\n              -17.97873309555617\n            ],\n            [\n              36.25488281249999,\n              -18.916679786648565\n            ],\n            [\n              34.87060546875,\n              -19.828725387681168\n            ],\n            [\n              34.78271484375,\n              -20.42701281425737\n            ],\n            [\n              35.57373046875,\n              -22.41102852155869\n            ],\n            [\n              35.4638671875,\n              -24.206889622398023\n            ],\n            [\n              34.4091796875,\n              -24.926294766395593\n            ],\n            [\n              33.11279296875,\n              -25.423431426334233\n            ],\n            [\n              32.607421875,\n              -26.056782885778798\n            ],\n            [\n              32.93701171875,\n              -26.254009699865737\n            ],\n            [\n              32.93701171875,\n              -26.88288045572338\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45730e4b0518e354694c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tote, Carolien","contributorId":145818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tote","given":"Carolien","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16241,"text":"Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Remote Sensing Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patricio, Domingos","contributorId":145819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patricio","given":"Domingos","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16242,"text":"Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia -  Mozambique;","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boogaard, Hendrik","contributorId":145820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boogaard","given":"Hendrik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16243,"text":"Alterra, Wageningen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van der Wijngaart, Raymond","contributorId":146587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Wijngaart","given":"Raymond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tarnavsky, Elena","contributorId":145821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tarnavsky","given":"Elena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16244,"text":"TAMSAT Research Group, University of Reading, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}