Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereinafter, sage-grouse) are a sagebrush obligate species that has declined concomitantly with the loss and fragmentation of sagebrush ecosystems across most of its geographical range. The species currently is listed as a candidate for federal protection under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Increasing wildfire frequency and changing climate frequently are identified as two environmental drivers that contribute to the decline of sage-grouse populations, yet few studies have rigorously quantified their effects on sage-grouse populations across broad spatial scales and long time periods. To help inform a threat assessment within the Great Basin for listing sage-grouse in 2015 under the ESA, we conducted an extensive analysis of wildfire and climatic effects on sage-grouse population growth derived from 30 years of lek-count data collected across the hydrographic Great Basin of Western North America. Annual (1984–2013) patterns of wildfire were derived from an extensive dataset of remotely sensed 30-meter imagery and precipitation derived from locally downscaled spatially explicit data. In the sagebrush ecosystem, underlying soil conditions also contribute strongly to variation in resilience to disturbance and resistance to plant community changes (R&R). Thus, we developed predictions from models of post-wildfire recovery and chronic effects of wildfire based on three spatially explicit R&R classes derived from soil moisture and temperature regimes. We found evidence of an interaction between the effects of wildfire (chronically affected burned area within 5 kilometers of a lek) and climatic conditions (spring through fall precipitation) after accounting for a consistent density-dependent effect. Specifically, burned areas near leks nullifies population growth that normally follows years with relatively high precipitation. In models, this effect results in long-term population declines for sage-grouse despite cyclic periods of high precipitation. Based on 30-year projections of burn and recovery rates, our population model predicted steady and substantial long-term declines in population size across the Great Basin. Further, example management scenarios that may help offset adverse wildfire effects are provided by models of varying levels of fire suppression and post-wildfire restoration that focus on areas especially important to sage-grouse populations. These models illustrate how sage-grouse population persistence likely will be compromised as sagebrush ecosystems and sage-grouse habitat are degraded by wildfire, especially in a warmer and drier climate, and by invasion of annual grasses that can increase wildfire frequency and size in the Great Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151165","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Ricca, M.A., Prochazka, B.G., Doherty, K.E., Brooks, M.L., and Casazza, M.L., 2015, Long-term effects of wildfire on greater sage-grouse—Integrating population and ecosystem concepts for management in the Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1165, 42 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151165.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 42 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067577","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438684,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7K35RRS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Long-term effects of wildfire on greater sage-grouse - integrating population and ecosystem concepts for management in the Great Basin"},{"id":307537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1165/ofr20151165.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1165 PDF"},{"id":307539,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1165/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321005,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7K35RRS","text":"Data release"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 44.879228141635274\n ],\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -121.5087890625,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -118.69628906249999,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -114.5654296875,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -112.30224609374999,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -110.54443359375,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 44.879228141635274\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://werc.usgs.gov/
Fire ranks among the top three threats to the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) throughout its range, and among the top two threats in the western part of its range. The national research strategy for this species and the recent U.S. Department of the Interior Secretarial Order 3336 call for science-based threats assessment of fire to inform conservation planning and fire management efforts. The cornerstone of such assessments is a clear understanding of where fires are occurring and what aspects of fire regimes may be shifting outside of their historical range of variation. This report fulfills this need by describing patterns of fire area, fire size, fire rotation, and fire season length and timing from 1984 to 2013 across the range of the greater sage-grouse. This information need is further addressed by evaluating the ecological and management implications of these fire patterns. Analyses are stratified by major vegetation types and the seven greater sage-grouse management zones, delineated regionally as four western and three eastern management zones. Soil temperature and moisture indicators of resilience to fire and resistance to cheatgrass invasion, and the potential for establishment of a grass/fire cycle, are used as unifying concepts in developing fire threat assessments for each analysis strata.
\nThe results indicate that fire threats are higher in the four western than in the three eastern management zones. Among the four western management zones, the Snake River Plain and the Columbia Basin ranked somewhat higher than the Southern Great Basin and Northern Great Basin in terms of fire effects on sage-grouse habitat. These results support the previous high ranking of fire as a threat to the greater sage-grouse in the western region. In contrast, considering the low rankings for fire threats in the eastern region, it may be useful to reconsider the relative importance of wildfire as a threat to greater sage-grouse in those three management zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151167","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.L., Matchett, J.R., Shinneman, D.J., and Coates, P.S., 2015, Fire patterns in the range of greater sage-grouse, 1984–2013—Implications for conservation and management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1167, 66 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151167.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 66 p.; Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067763","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438683,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76971N5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fire Patterns in the Range of the Greater Sage-Grouse, 1984-2013-Implications for Conservation and Management"},{"id":307546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1167/ofr20151167.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1167 PDF"},{"id":307547,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1167/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":312278,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F76971N5","text":"Data Release"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau, Columbia Basin, Great Plains, Northern Great Basin, Snake River Plain, Southern Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 35.42486791930558\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://werc.usgs.gov/
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Fire Pattern Results
Discussion of Fire Patterns
Fire Threats Assessment for Greater Sage-Grouse Habitat
Acknowledgments
References Cited
Appendixes 1-13
Estimates of the seasonal and interannual exchanges of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) between land ecosystems north of 45°N and the atmosphere are poorly constrained, in part, because of uncertainty in the temporal variability of water-inundated land area. Here we apply a process-based biogeochemistry model to evaluate how interannual changes in wetland inundation extent might have influenced the overall carbon dynamics of the region during the time period 1993–2004. We find that consideration by our model of these interannual variations between 1993 and 2004, on average, results in regional estimates of net methane sources of 67.8 ± 6.2 Tg CH4 yr−1, which is intermediate to model estimates that use two static inundation extent datasets (51.3 ± 2.6 and 73.0 ± 3.6 Tg CH4 yr−1). In contrast, consideration of interannual changes of wetland inundation extent result in regional estimates of the net CO2 sink of −1.28 ± 0.03 Pg C yr−1 with a persistent wetland carbon sink from −0.38 to −0.41 Pg C yr−1 and a upland sink from −0.82 to −0.98 Pg C yr−1. Taken together, despite the large methane emissions from wetlands, the region is a consistent greenhouse gas sink per global warming potential (GWP) calculations irrespective of the type of wetland datasets being used. However, the use of satellite-detected wetland inundation extent estimates a smaller regional GWP sink than that estimated using static wetland datasets. Our sensitivity analysis indicates that if wetland inundation extent increases or decreases by 10% in each wetland grid cell, the regional source of methane increases 13% or decreases 12%, respectively. In contrast, the regional CO2 sink responds with only 7–9% changes to the changes in wetland inundation extent. Seasonally, the inundated area changes result in higher summer CH4 emissions, but lower summer CO2 sinks, leading to lower summer negative greenhouse gas forcing. Our analysis further indicates that wetlands play a disproportionally important role in affecting regional greenhouse gas budgets given that they only occupy approximately 10% of the total land area in the region.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Physics Publishing","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095009","usgsCitation":"Zhuang, Q., Zhu, X., He, Y., Prigent, C., Melillo, J.M., McGuire, A.D., Prinn, R.G., and Kicklighter, D.W., 2015, Influence of changes in wetland inundation extent on net fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane in northern high latitudes from 1993 to 2004: Environmental Research Letters, v. 10, no. 9, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095009.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044010","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dabfe5e4b015c306f84cb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhuang, Qianlai","contributorId":101975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Qianlai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Xudong","contributorId":19684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Xudong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"He, Yujie","contributorId":32444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Yujie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prigent, Catherine","contributorId":167345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prigent","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melillo, Jerry M.","contributorId":87847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":621844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Prinn, Ronald G.","contributorId":69046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinn","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kicklighter, David W.","contributorId":48872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70157148,"text":"70157148 - 2015 - Legacy effects of wildfire on stream thermal regimes and rainbow trout ecology: an integrated analysis of observation and individual-based models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:42:47","indexId":"70157148","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Legacy effects of wildfire on stream thermal regimes and rainbow trout ecology: an integrated analysis of observation and individual-based models","docAbstract":"Management of aquatic resources in fire-prone areas requires understanding of fish species’ responses to wildfire and of the intermediate- and long-term consequences of these disturbances. We examined Rainbow Trout populations in 9 headwater streams 10 y after a major wildfire: 3 with no history of severe wildfire in the watershed (unburned), 3 in severely burned watersheds (burned), and 3 in severely burned watersheds subjected to immediate events that scoured the stream channel and eliminated streamside vegetation (burned and reorganized). Results of a previous study of this system suggested the primary lasting effects of this wildfire history on headwater stream habitat were differences in canopy cover and solar radiation, which led to higher summer stream temperatures. Nevertheless, trout were present throughout streams in burned watersheds. Older age classes were least abundant in streams draining watersheds with a burned and reorganized history, and individuals >1 y old were most abundant in streams draining watersheds with an unburned history. Burned history corresponded with fast growth, low lipid content, and early maturity of Rainbow Trout. We used an individual-based model of Rainbow Trout growth and demographic patterns to determine if temperature interactions with bioenergetics and competition among individuals could lead to observed phenotypic and ecological differences among populations in the absence of other plausible mechanisms. Modeling suggested that moderate warming associated with wildfire and channel disturbance history leads to faster individual growth, which exacerbates competition for limited food, leading to decreases in population densities. The inferred mechanisms from this modeling exercise suggest the transferability of ecological patterns to a variety of temperature-warming scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/683338","usgsCitation":"Rosenberger, A.E., Dunham, J., Neuswanger, J.R., and Railsback, S.F., 2015, Legacy effects of wildfire on stream thermal regimes and rainbow trout ecology: an integrated analysis of observation and individual-based models: Freshwater Science, v. 34, no. 4, p. 1571-1584, https://doi.org/10.1086/683338.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1571","endPage":"1584","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059107","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Boise River, Boise National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 43.52465500687185\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -114.92248535156249,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -114.92248535156249,\n 43.52465500687185\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 43.52465500687185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f29ba9e4b0dacf699ec695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberger, Amanda E. 0000-0002-5520-8349 arosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-8349","contributorId":5581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Amanda","email":"arosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. jdunham@usgs.gov","contributorId":147527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuswanger, Jason R.","contributorId":15530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuswanger","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Railsback, Steven F.","contributorId":147528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Railsback","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":16859,"text":"Lang, Railsback, and Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157078,"text":"fs20153062 - 2015 - Changing arctic ecosystems—What is causing the rapid increase of snow geese in northern Alaska?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T14:37:29","indexId":"fs20153062","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-10T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3062","title":"Changing arctic ecosystems—What is causing the rapid increase of snow geese in northern Alaska?","docAbstract":"Through the Changing Arctic Ecosystems (CAE) initiative, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) informs key resource management decisions for Arctic Alaska by providing scientific information on current and future ecosystem response to a warming climate. The Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of northern Alaska is a key study area within the USGS CAE initiative. This region has experienced a warming trend over the past decades, leading to decreased sea ice, permafrost thaw, and an advancement of spring phenology. The number of birds on the ACP also is changing, marked by increased populations of the four species of geese that nest in the region. The Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens) is the most rapidly increasing of these species. USGS CAE research is quantifying these changes and their implications for management agencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153062","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., Ward, D.H., Whalen, M.E., and Pearce, J.M., 2015, Changing Arctic ecosystems—What is causing the rapid increase of Snow Geese in northern Alaska?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3062, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153062.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068563","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3062/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":308051,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3062/","text":"Fact Sheet HTML","description":"HTML version of FS 2015-3062"},{"id":308050,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3062/pdf/fs20153062.pdf","text":"Fact Sheet","size":"375 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3062"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Colville River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.8623046875,\n 68.77619083759828\n ],\n [\n -158.8623046875,\n 70.48089578887483\n ],\n [\n -150.22705078124997,\n 70.48089578887483\n ],\n [\n -150.22705078124997,\n 68.77619083759828\n ],\n [\n -158.8623046875,\n 68.77619083759828\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"U.S. Geological Survey
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Detailed geodetic imaging of earthquake rupture enhances our understanding of earthquake physics and induced ground shaking. The April 25, 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake is the first example of a large continental megathrust rupture beneath a high-rate (5 Hz) GPS network. We use GPS and InSAR data to model the earthquake rupture as a slip pulse of ~20 km width, ~6 s duration, and with peak sliding velocity of 1.1 m/s that propagated toward Kathmandu basin at ~3.3 km/s over ~140 km. The smooth slip onset, indicating a large ~5 m slip-weakening distance, caused moderate ground shaking at high >1Hz frequencies (~16% g) and limited damage to regular dwellings. Whole basin resonance at 4-5 s period caused collapse of tall structures, including cultural artifacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.aac6383","usgsCitation":"Galetzka, J., Melgar, D., Genrich, J., Geng, J., Owen, S., Lindsey, E.O., Xu, X., Bock, Y., Avouac, J., Adhikari, L.B., Upreti, B.N., Pratt-Sitaula, B., Bhattarai, T.N., Sitaula, B.P., Moore, A., Hudnut, K.W., Szeliga, W., Normandeau, J., Fend, M., Flouzat, M., Bollinger, L., Shrestha, P., Koirala, B., Gautam, U., Bhatterai, M., Gupta, R., Kandel, T., Timsina, C., Sapkota, S., Rajaure, S., and Maharjan, N., 2015, Slip pulse and resonance of Kathmandu basin during the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal imaged with space geodesy: Science, v. 349, no. 6252, p. 1091-1095, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac6383.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1091","endPage":"1095","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067207","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/249076","text":"External Repository"},{"id":308054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Nepal","state":"Gorkha","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 84.22943115234375,\n 27.685960229871625\n ],\n [\n 84.22943115234375,\n 28.096212229438105\n ],\n [\n 84.869384765625,\n 28.096212229438105\n ],\n [\n 84.869384765625,\n 27.685960229871625\n ],\n [\n 84.22943115234375,\n 27.685960229871625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"349","issue":"6252","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f29bace4b0dacf699ec69c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galetzka, John","contributorId":147535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galetzka","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melgar, D.","contributorId":147565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melgar","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Genrich, J.F.","contributorId":42374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genrich","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geng, J.","contributorId":147566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geng","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Owen, S.","contributorId":147567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lindsey, E. 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2015 - Challenges of establishing big sgebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in rangeland restoration: effects of herbicide, mowing, whole-community seeding, and sagebrush seed sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:49:16","indexId":"70157154","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-10T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Challenges of establishing big sgebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in rangeland restoration: effects of herbicide, mowing, whole-community seeding, and sagebrush seed sources","docAbstract":"The loss of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) on sites disturbed by fire has motivated restoration seeding and planting efforts. However, the resulting sagebrush establishment is often lower than desired, especially in dry areas. Sagebrush establishment may be increased by addressing factors such as seed source and condition or management of the plant community. We assessed initial establishment of seeded sagebrush and four populations of small outplants (from different geographies, climates, and cytotypes) and small sagebrush outplants in an early seral community where mowing, herbicide, and seeding of other native plants had been experimentally applied. No emergence of seeded sagebrush was detected. Mowing the site before planting seedlings led to greater initial survival probabilities for sagebrush outplants, except where seeding also occurred, and these effects were related to corresponding changes in bare soil exposure. Initial survival probabilities were > 30% greater for the local population of big sagebrush relative to populations imported to the site from typical seed transfer distances of ~320–800 km. Overcoming the high first-year mortality of outplanted or seeded sagebrush is one of the most challenging aspects of postfire restoration and rehabilitation, and further evaluation of the impacts of herb treatments and sagebrush seed sources across different site types and years is needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Science Direct","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2015.07.001","usgsCitation":"Brabec, M., Germino, M., Shinneman, D.J., Pilliod, D., McIlroy, S.K., and Arkle, R., 2015, Challenges of establishing big sgebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in rangeland restoration: effects of herbicide, mowing, whole-community seeding, and sagebrush seed sources: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 68, no. 5, p. 432-435, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2015.07.001.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"432","endPage":"435","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060370","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308034,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550742415000950"}],"volume":"68","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f29ba7e4b0dacf699ec691","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabec, Martha M. mbrabec@usgs.gov","contributorId":147542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabec","given":"Martha M.","email":"mbrabec@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. mgermino@usgs.gov","contributorId":146934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shinneman, Douglas J. 0000-0002-4909-5181 dshinneman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-5181","contributorId":147059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"Douglas","email":"dshinneman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":147050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McIlroy, Susan K. 0000-0001-5088-3700 smcilroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-3700","contributorId":4649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIlroy","given":"Susan","email":"smcilroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arkle, Robert S. 0000-0003-3021-1389 rarkle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3021-1389","contributorId":147051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arkle","given":"Robert S.","email":"rarkle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70157157,"text":"70157157 - 2015 - Avian influenza H5N1 viral and bird migration networks in Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-25T16:04:42","indexId":"70157157","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-10T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian influenza H5N1 viral and bird migration networks in Asia","docAbstract":"The spatial spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 and its long-term persistence in Asia have resulted in avian influenza panzootics and enormous economic losses in the poultry sector. 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These viruses generally do not cause illness in wild birds, however, when spread to poultry they can be highly pathogenic and cause illness and death in backyard and commercial farms. Outbreaks may cause devastating agricultural economic losses and some viral strains have the potential to infect people directly. Furthermore, the combination of avian influenza viruses with mammalian viruses can result in strains with the ability to transmit from person to person, possibly leading to viruses with pandemic potential. All known pandemic influenza viruses have had some genetic material of avian origin. Since 1996, a strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, H5N1, has caused infection in wild birds, losses to poultry farms in Eurasia and North Africa, and led to the deaths of several hundred people. Spread of the H5N1 virus and other influenza strains from China was likely facilitated by migratory birds. In December 2014, HPAI was detected in poultry in Canada and migratory birds in the United States. Since then, HPAI viruses have spread to large parts of the United States and will likely continue to spread through migratory bird flyways and other mechanisms throughout North America. In the United States, HPAI viruses have severely affected the poultry industry with millions of domestic birds dead or culled. These strains of HPAI are not known to cause disease in humans; however, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advise caution when in close contact with infected birds. Experts agree that HPAI strains currently circulating in wild birds of North America will likely persist for the next few years. This unprecedented situation presents risks to the poultry industry, natural resource management, and potentially human health. Scientific knowledge and decision support tools are urgently needed to understand factors affecting the persistence of HPAI in wild birds, to forecast future spread of HPAI by wild birds, and to detect novel strains of HPAI that may emerge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153060","usgsCitation":"Harris, M.C., Miles, A.K., Pearce, J.M., Prosser, D.J., Sleeman, J.M., and Whalen, M.E., 2015, USGS highly pathogenic avian influenza research strategy: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3060, 4 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153060.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; HTML Document","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067931","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308013,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3060/pdf/fs20153060.pdf","text":"Fact Sheet","size":"975 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3060"},{"id":308014,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3060/","text":"Fact Sheet HTML","description":"HTML version of FS 2015-3060"},{"id":308012,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3060/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Anne Kinsinger
USGS Associate Director for Ecosystems
703-648-4050
akinsinger@usgs.gov
M. Camille Harris
USGS Wildlife Disease Coordinator
703-648-4019
mcharris@usgs.gov
Avian influenza viruses are naturally occurring in wild birds such as ducks, geese, swans, and gulls. These viruses generally do not cause illness in wild birds, however, when spread to poultry they can be highly pathogenic and cause illness and death in backyard and commercial farms. Outbreaks may cause devastating agricultural economic losses and some viral strains have the potential to infect people directly. Furthermore, the combination of avian influenza viruses with mammalian viruses can result in strains with the ability to transmit from person to person, possibly leading to viruses with pandemic potential. All known pandemic influenza viruses have had some genetic material of avian origin. Since 1996, a strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, H5N1, has caused infection in wild birds, losses to poultry farms in Eurasia and North Africa, and led to the deaths of several hundred people. Spread of the H5N1 virus and other influenza strains from China was likely facilitated by migratory birds. In December 2014, HPAI was detected in poultry in Canada and migratory birds in the United States. Since then, HPAI viruses have spread to large parts of the United States and will likely continue to spread through migratory bird flyways and other mechanisms throughout North America. In the United States, HPAI viruses have severely affected the poultry industry with millions of domestic birds dead or culled. These strains of HPAI are not known to cause disease in humans; however, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advise caution when in close contact with infected birds. Experts agree that HPAI strains currently circulating in wild birds of North America will likely persist for the next few years. This unprecedented situation presents risks to the poultry industry, natural resource management, and potentially human health. Scientific knowledge and decision support tools are urgently needed to understand factors affecting the persistence of HPAI in wild birds, to forecast future spread of HPAI by wild birds, and to detect novel strains of HPAI that may emerge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153059","usgsCitation":"Harris, M.C., Miles, A.K., Pearce, J.M., Prosser, D.J., Sleeman, J.M., and Whalen, M.E., 2015, USGS role and response to highly pathogenic avian influenza: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3059, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153059.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; HTML Document","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066180","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308009,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3059/","text":"Fact Sheet HTML","description":"HTML version of FS 2015-3059"},{"id":308008,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3059/pdf/fs20153059.pdf","text":"Fact Sheet","size":"745 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3059"},{"id":308007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3059/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Anne Kinsinger
USGS Associate Director for Ecosystems
703-648-4050
akinsinger@usgs.gov
M. Camille Harris
USGS Wildlife Disease Coordinator
703-648-4019
mcharris@usgs.gov
In grasslands fire may play a role in the plant invasion process, both by creating disturbances that potentially favour non-native invasions and as a possible tool for controlling alien invasions. Havill et al. (Applied Vegetation Science, 18, 2015, this issue) determine how native and non-native species respond to different fire regimes as a first step in understanding the potential control of invasive grasses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12192","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 2015, Attacking invasive grasses: Applied Vegetation Science, v. 18, p. 541-542, https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12192.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"542","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066871","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12192","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56753c39e4b0da412f4f8bc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70155252,"text":"70155252 - 2015 - Linking climate change and health outcomes: Examining the relationship between temperature, precipitation and birth weight in Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T16:17:28","indexId":"70155252","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-09T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1841,"text":"Global Environmental Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking climate change and health outcomes: Examining the relationship between temperature, precipitation and birth weight in Africa","docAbstract":"This paper examined the relationship between birth weight, precipitation, and temperature in 19 African countries. We matched recorded birth weights from Demographic and Health Surveys covering 1986 through 2010 with gridded monthly precipitation and temperature data derived from satellite and ground-based weather stations. Observed weather patterns during various stages of pregnancy were also used to examine the effect of temperature and precipitation on birth weight outcomes. In our empirical model we allowed the effect of weather factors to vary by the dominant food production strategy (livelihood zone) in a given region as well as by household wealth, mother's education and birth season. This allowed us to determine if certain populations are more or less vulnerable to unexpected weather changes after adjusting for known covariates. Finally we measured effect size by observing differences in birth weight outcomes in women who have one low birth weight experience and at least one healthy birth weight baby. The results indicated that climate does indeed impact birth weight and at a level comparable, in some cases, to the impact of increasing women's education or household electricity status.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.06.010","usgsCitation":"Grace, K., Davenport, F., Hanson, H., Funk, C.C., and Shukla, S., 2015, Linking climate change and health outcomes: Examining the relationship between temperature, precipitation and birth weight in Africa: Global Environmental Change, v. 35, p. 125-137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.06.010.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064651","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -19.072265625,\n -32.990235559651055\n ],\n [\n -19.072265625,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n 55.8984375,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n 55.8984375,\n -32.990235559651055\n ],\n [\n -19.072265625,\n -32.990235559651055\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5628b730e4b0d158f5926c17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, Kathryn","contributorId":145815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grace","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7215,"text":"University of Utah Dept. of Geography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davenport, Frank","contributorId":145816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davenport","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7168,"text":"UCSB","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, Heidi","contributorId":149327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shukla, Shraddhanand","contributorId":140735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"Shraddhanand","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13549,"text":"UC Santa Barbara Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156556,"text":"ofr20151149 - 2015 - Sea-floor morphology and sedimentary environments in southern Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-09T11:53:03","indexId":"ofr20151149","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-09T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1149","title":"Sea-floor morphology and sedimentary environments in southern Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Multibeam echosounder data collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration along with sediment samples and still and video photography of the sea floor collected by the U.S. Geological Survey were used to interpret sea-floor features and sedimentary environments in southern Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, as part of a long-term effort to map the sea floor along the northeastern coast of the United States. Sea-floor features include rocky areas and scour depressions in high-energy environments characterized by erosion or nondeposition, and sand waves and megaripples in environments characterized by coarse-grained bedload transport. Two shipwrecks are also located in the study area. Much of the sea floor is relatively featureless within the resolution of the multibeam data; sedimentary environments in these areas are characterized by processes associated with sorting and reworking. This report releases bathymetric data from the multibeam echosounder, grain-size analyses of sediment samples, and photographs of the sea floor and interpretations of the sea-floor features and sedimentary environments. It provides base maps that can be used for resource management and studies of topics such as benthic ecology, contaminant inventories, and sediment transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151149","isbn":"978-1-4113-3933-0","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L.J., Blackwood, D.S., Nardi, M.J., and Andring, M.A., 2015, Sea-floor morphology and sedimentary environments in southern Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1149, 1 DVD-ROM, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151149.","productDescription":"HMTL Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-06-01","temporalEnd":"2011-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-065057","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307926,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1149/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307927,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1149/index.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1149"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Narragansett Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.455078125,\n 41.396384896536276\n ],\n [\n -71.455078125,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -71.26419067382812,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -71.26419067382812,\n 41.396384896536276\n ],\n [\n -71.455078125,\n 41.396384896536276\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543
(508) 548-8700 or (508) 457-2200
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/
This report describes the methods and data associated with a reconnaissance study of young of year bluefish and mussel tissue samples as well as bed sediment collected as bluefish habitat indicators during August 2013–April 2014 in New Jersey and New York following Hurricane Sandy in October 2012. This study was funded by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2) and was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
\nYoung of year Pomatomus saltatrix (bluefish) were collected from nine sites in New Jersey (N.J.) and New York (N.Y.) including Barnegat Bay, N.J., Sandy Hook Bay, N.J., Jamaica Bay, N.Y., and Great South Bay, N.Y., and analyzed for indicators of health and chemical contamination. At each bluefish sampling location, bed sediment was also collected and analyzed for a suite of contaminants. Resident mussels, Mytilus edulis (blue mussels) and (or) Geukensia demissa (ribbed mussels), were collected from 11 historic NOAA Mussel Watch Program sites along the N.J. and N.Y. coastlines in the winter/spring of 2014 and analyzed for contaminants. Individual age of a subset of the mussels sampled was also determined at each site.
\nBed sediment samples were analyzed for a suite of organic contaminants including 34 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, 28 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, 24 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), 53 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs, 33 aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs), and 10 petroleum biomarkers (steranes and hopanes). Bed sediment collected from the Navesink River (Sandy Hook, N.J.), Metedeconk River (Barnegat Bay, N.J.), and Toms River (Barnegat Bay, N.J.) had the highest concentrations of contaminants compared to the other sites.
\nBluefish and mussel tissue collected throughout the study area was analyzed for 34 PCB congeners, 28 PBDE congeners, and 24 OCPs. Thirty-three PCB congeners, 22 PBDE congeners, and 24 OCPs were detected in the bluefish analyzed. The highest median concentrations of total PCBs were present in tissue from Jamaica Bay, N.Y., whereas the highest median concentrations of total PBDEs and total OCPs were present in tissue from Sandy Hook Bay. Of the OCPs detected, p,p’-DDE was found in 99 percent (%) of the tissue samples and at the highest median concentrations compared to the other OCPs.
\nFish health assessments were conducted on 20 fish from the 4 bays. Results indicate that the sex ratio and the mean total length varied by site. Physical fish damage, such as lesions and parasites, was observed in fish from all four bays. The most common parasite observed visually was the presence of Livoneca redmanii, an ectoparasitic gill isopod, which can cause localized gill erosion. The prevalence of the gill isopod infestation ranged from 20% at Great South Bay, N.Y., to 35% at Jamaica Bay, N.Y.
\nTwenty three PCB congeners, 9 PBDE congeners, and 20 OCPs were detected in composite mussel samples collected throughout the study area. The co-eluting PCB congeners 153 and 132, PBDE 47, 99, and 100, and p,p’-DDE were detected in samples from each site. The highest median concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs were present in mussels from Raritan Bay, N.Y., whereas the highest median concentrations of OCPs were present in mussels from Fire Island Inlet, N.Y., and Shark River, N.J. Mytilus edulis (blue mussels) and Geukensia demissa (ribbed mussels) were thin-sectioned and aged. The blue mussels collected ranged in age from 4 to 13 years, and the ribbed mussels ranged in age from 3 to 12 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds956","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Smalling, K.L., Deshpande, A.D., Blazer, V.S., Galbraith, H., Dockum, B.W., Romanok, K.M., Colella, K., Deetz, A.C., Fisher, I.J., Imbrigiotta, T.E., Sharack, B., Sumner, L, Timmons, D., Trainor, J., Wieczorek, D, Samson, J., Reilly, T.J., and Focazio, M.J., 2015, Chemical and ancillary data associated with bed sediment, young of year bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) tissue, and mussel (Mytilus edulis and Geukensia demissa) tissue collected after Hurricane Sandy in bays and estuaries of New Jersey and New York, 2013–14: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 956, 18 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds956.","productDescription":"Report: x, 18 p.; Tables","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066280","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307934,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0956/ds956.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 956"},{"id":307935,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0956/ds956_tables.xlsx","text":"DS 956 Tables","size":"226 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"DS 956","linkHelpText":"Excel workbook containing tables 1–21"},{"id":307933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0956/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.39117431640625,\n 40.065460682065535\n ],\n [\n -74.39117431640625,\n 41.32320110223851\n ],\n [\n -71.88079833984375,\n 41.32320110223851\n ],\n [\n -71.88079833984375,\n 40.065460682065535\n ],\n [\n -74.39117431640625,\n 40.065460682065535\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
http://nj.usgs.gov
The Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) breeds in grassland habitats throughout much of the U.S., southern and southeastern Canada, and northern Mexico. Additional subspecies are resident in Central America, northern South America, and the Caribbean. It winters primarily in the coastal states of the southeastern U.S., southern portions of the southwestern states, and in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. The species prefers relatively open grassland with intermediate grass height and density and patchy bare ground; because it is widely distributed across different grassland types in North America, it selects different vegetation structure and species composition depending on what is available. In the winter, they use a broader range of grassland habitats including open grasslands, as well as weedy fields and grasslands with woody vegetation. Analyses show significant range-wide population declines from the late 1960s through the present, primarily caused by habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation. Grasshopper Sparrow is still a relatively common and broadly distributed species, but because of significant population declines and stakeholder concerns, the species is considered of conservation concern nationally and at the state level for numerous states. Many factors, often related to different grassland management practices (e.g., grazing, burning, mowing, management of shrub encroachment, etc.) throughout the species’ range, have impacts on Grasshopper Sparrow distribution, abundance, and reproduction and may represent limiting factors or threats given steep declines in this species’ population. Because of the concerns for this species, Grasshopper Sparrow has been identified as a focal species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and this Status Assessment and Conservation Plan for Grasshopper Sparrow has been developed. Through literature searches and input from stakeholders across its range, this plan presents information about Grasshopper Sparrow population status, distribution, habitat needs, threats and limiting factors; synthesis of these resources has identified recommended action items addressing population status and trends, habitat conservation, management, research, inventory and monitoring, and education and outreach components that will facilitate Grasshopper Sparrow conservation across its full annual cycle.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Lakewood, CO","collaboration":"U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Ruth, J.M., 2015, Status assessment and conservation plan for the Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) (Version 1.0), 105 p.","productDescription":"105 p.","numberOfPages":"111","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-062608","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307765,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/birds/grasshoppersparrow/index.html"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -134.296875,\n 1.4061088354351594\n ],\n [\n -134.296875,\n 53.9560855309879\n ],\n [\n -50.9765625,\n 53.9560855309879\n ],\n [\n -50.9765625,\n 1.4061088354351594\n ],\n [\n -134.296875,\n 1.4061088354351594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f14a1ee4b0dacf699eb944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruth, Janet M. 0000-0003-1576-5957 janet_ruth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-5957","contributorId":1408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"Janet","email":"janet_ruth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70173491,"text":"70173491 - 2015 - Waterbird use of catfish ponds and migratory bird habitat initiative wetlands in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T11:36:21","indexId":"70173491","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-09T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterbird use of catfish ponds and migratory bird habitat initiative wetlands in Mississippi","docAbstract":"Aquaculture can provide important surrogate habitats for waterbirds. In response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the National Resource Conservation Service enacted the Migratory Bird Habitat Initiative through which incentivized landowners provided wetland habitats for migrating waterbirds. Diversity and abundance of waterbirds in six production and four idled aquaculture facilities in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley were estimated during the winters of 2011–2013. Wintering waterbirds exhibited similar densities on production (i.e., ∼22 birds/ha) and idled (i.e., ∼20 birds/ha) sites. A total of 42 species were found using both types of aquaculture wetlands combined, but there was considerable departure in bird guilds occupying the two wetland types. The primary users of production ponds were diving and dabbling ducks and American coots. However, idled ponds, with varying water depths (e.g., mudflats to 20 cm) and diverse emergent vegetation-water interspersion, attracted over 30 species of waterbirds and, on average, had more species of waterbirds from fall through early spring than catfish production ponds. Conservation through the Migratory Bird Habitat Initiative was likely responsible for this difference. Our results suggest production and idled Migratory Bird Habitat Initiative aquaculture impoundments produced suitable conditions for various waterbird species and highlight the importance of conservation programs on private lands that promote diversity in vegetation structure and water depths to enhance waterbird diversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.038.0307","usgsCitation":"Feaga, J.S., Vilella, F., Kaminski, R.M., and Davis, J., 2015, Waterbird use of catfish ponds and migratory bird habitat initiative wetlands in Mississippi: Waterbirds, v. 38, no. 3, p. 269-281, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.038.0307.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"281","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064945","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Humphreys County, Holmes County, Leflore County, Sunflower County, Washington County, Yazoo County","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Alluvial 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J. Brian","contributorId":172316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"J. Brian","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157075,"text":"70157075 - 2015 - Factors controlling the abundance of rainbow trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon in a reach utilized by endangered humpback chub","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-07T10:16:54","indexId":"70157075","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-08T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors controlling the abundance of rainbow trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon in a reach utilized by endangered humpback chub","docAbstract":"We estimated the abundance, survival, movement, and recruitment of non-native rainbow trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon to determine what controls their abundance near the Little Colorado River (LCR) confluence where endangered humpback chub rear. Over a 3-year period, we tagged more than 70,000 trout and recovered over 8,200 tagged fish. Trout density was highest (10,000-25,000 fish/km) in the reach closest to Glen Canyon Dam where the majority of trout recruitment occurs, and was 30-50-fold lower (200-800 fish/km) in reaches near the LCR confluence ~100 km downstream. The extent of rainbow trout movement was limited with less than 1% of recaptures making movements greater than 20 km. However, due to high trout densities in upstream source areas, this small dispersal rate was sufficient to explain the 3-fold increase in the relatively small population near the LCR. Reducing dispersal rates of trout from upstream sources is the most feasible solution to maintain low densities near the LCR to minimize negative effects of competition and predation on humpback chub.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2015-0101","usgsCitation":"Korman, J., Yard, M., and Yackulic, C.B., 2015, Factors controlling the abundance of rainbow trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon in a reach utilized by endangered humpback chub: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 73, no. 1, p. 105-124, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0101.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"124","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-04-01","temporalEnd":"2014-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-063596","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471804,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0101","text":"External Repository"},{"id":307957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.94793701171875,\n 36.07352228885536\n ],\n [\n -111.94793701171875,\n 36.86424015502008\n ],\n [\n -111.588134765625,\n 36.86424015502008\n ],\n [\n -111.588134765625,\n 36.07352228885536\n ],\n [\n -111.94793701171875,\n 36.07352228885536\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55eff8a8e4b0dacf699e9fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Korman, Josh","contributorId":29922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korman","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yard, Michael D. 0000-0002-6580-6027 myard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-6027","contributorId":2889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yard","given":"Michael D.","email":"myard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169033,"text":"70169033 - 2015 - How spatio-temporal habitat connectivity affects amphibian genetic structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T10:32:34","indexId":"70169033","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-08T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5062,"text":"Frontiers in Genetics","onlineIssn":"1664-8021","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How spatio-temporal habitat connectivity affects amphibian genetic structure","docAbstract":"Heterogeneous landscapes and fluctuating environmental conditions can affect species dispersal, population genetics, and genetic structure, yet understanding how biotic and abiotic factors affect population dynamics in a fluctuating environment is critical for species management. We evaluated how spatio-temporal habitat connectivity influences dispersal and genetic structure in a population of boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata) using a landscape genetics approach. We developed gravity models to assess the contribution of various factors to the observed genetic distance as a measure of functional connectivity. We selected (a) wetland (within-site) and (b) landscape matrix (between-site) characteristics; and (c) wetland connectivity metrics using a unique methodology. Specifically, we developed three networks that quantify wetland connectivity based on: (i) P. maculata dispersal ability, (ii) temporal variation in wetland quality, and (iii) contribution of wetland stepping-stones to frog dispersal. We examined 18 wetlands in Colorado, and quantified 12 microsatellite loci from 322 individual frogs. We found that genetic connectivity was related to topographic complexity, within- and between-wetland differences in moisture, and wetland functional connectivity as contributed by stepping-stone wetlands. Our results highlight the role that dynamic environmental factors have on dispersal-limited species and illustrate how complex asynchronous interactions contribute to the structure of spatially-explicit metapopulations.
\nReactive nitrogen (Nr) from anthropogenic sources has been altering ecosystem function in lakes of the Rocky Mountains, other regions of western North America, and the Arctic over recent decades. The response of biota in shallow lakes to atmospheric deposition of Nr, however, has not been considered. Benthic algae are dominant in shallow, high-elevation lakes and are less sensitive to nutrient inputs than planktonic algae. Because the benthos is typically more nutrient rich than the water column, shallow lakes are not expected to show evidence of anthropogenic Nr. In this study, we assessed sedimentary evidence for regional Nr deposition, sediment chronology, and the nature of algal community response in five shallow, high-elevation lakes in Grand Teton National Park (GRTE). Over 140 diatom taxa were identified from the sediments, with a relatively high species richness of taxa characteristic of oligotrophic conditions. The diatom assemblages were dominated by benthic taxa, especially motile taxa. The GRTE lakes demonstrate assemblage-wide shifts in diatoms, including 1) synchronous and significant assemblage changes centered on ~1960 AD; 2) pre-1960 assemblages differed significantly from post-1960 assemblages; 3) pre-1960 diatom assemblages fluctuated randomly, whereas post- 1960 assemblages showed directional change; 4) changes in δ15N signatures were correlated with diatom community composition. These results demonstrate recent changes in shallow high18 elevation lakes that are most correlated with anthropogenic Nr. It is also possible, however, that the combined effect of Nr deposition and warming is accelerating species shifts in benthic diatoms. While uncertainties remain about the potential synergy of Nr deposition and warming, this study adds shallow lakes to the growing list of impacted high-elevation localities in western North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research","doi":"10.1657/AAAR0015-008","usgsCitation":"Spaulding, S.A., Otu, M.K., Wolfe, A.P., and Baron, J., 2015, Paleolimnological records of nitrogen deposition in shallow, high-elevation lakes of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, USA: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 47, no. 4, p. 703-717, https://doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0015-008.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"703","endPage":"717","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062936","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1657/aaar0015-008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.89324951171875,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -110.89324951171875,\n 43.84245116699036\n ],\n [\n -110.67901611328125,\n 43.84245116699036\n ],\n [\n -110.67901611328125,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -110.89324951171875,\n 43.56447158721811\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55eff8a8e4b0dacf699e9fd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spaulding, Sarah A. 0000-0002-9787-7743 sspaulding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":1157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"Sarah","email":"sspaulding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otu, Megan K.","contributorId":147387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otu","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, Alexander P.","contributorId":147388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12799,"text":"University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157080,"text":"70157080 - 2015 - The Palos Verdes Fault offshore southern California: late Pleistocene to present tectonic geomorphology, seascape evolution and slip rate estimate based on AUV and ROV surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-08T13:34:42","indexId":"70157080","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-08T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Palos Verdes Fault offshore southern California: late Pleistocene to present tectonic geomorphology, seascape evolution and slip rate estimate based on AUV and ROV surveys","docAbstract":"The Palos Verdes Fault (PVF) is one of few active faults in Southern California that crosses the shoreline and can be studied using both terrestrial and subaqueous methodologies. To characterize the near-seafloor fault morphology, tectonic influences on continental slope sedimentary processes and late Pleistocene to present slip rate, a grid of high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data, and chirp subbottom profiles were acquired with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) along the main trace of PVF in water depths between 250 and 600 m. Radiocarbon dates were obtained from vibracores collected using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and ship-based gravity cores. The PVF is expressed as a well-defined seafloor lineation marked by subtle along-strike bends. Right-stepping transtensional bends exert first-order control on sediment flow dynamics and the spatial distribution of Holocene depocenters; deformed strata within a small pull-apart basin record punctuated growth faulting associated with at least three Holocene surface ruptures. An upper (shallower) landslide scarp, a buried sedimentary mound, and a deeper scarp have been right-laterally offset across the PVF by 55 ± 5, 52 ± 4 , and 39 ± 8 m, respectively. The ages of the upper scarp and buried mound are approximately 31 ka; the age of the deeper scarp is bracketed to 17–24 ka. These three piercing points bracket the late Pleistocene to present slip rate to 1.3–2.8 mm/yr and provide a best estimate of 1.6–1.9 mm/yr. The deformation observed along the PVF is characteristic of strike-slip faulting and accounts for 20–30% of the total right-lateral slip budget accommodated offshore Southern California.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JB011938","usgsCitation":"Brothers, D., Conrad, J.E., Maier, K., Paull, C.K., McGann, M., and Caress, D.W., 2015, The Palos Verdes Fault offshore southern California: late Pleistocene to present tectonic geomorphology, seascape evolution and slip rate estimate based on AUV and ROV surveys: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 120, no. 7, p. 4734-4758, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB011938.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"4734","endPage":"4758","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063656","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palos Verdes Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.39691162109375,\n 33.30987251398259\n ],\n [\n -118.39691162109375,\n 33.8430453147447\n ],\n [\n -117.75421142578125,\n 33.8430453147447\n ],\n [\n -117.75421142578125,\n 33.30987251398259\n ],\n [\n -118.39691162109375,\n 33.30987251398259\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55eff8a9e4b0dacf699e9fe2","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015jb011938","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015jb011938","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Brothers Daniel S., Conrad James E., Maier Katherine L., Paull Charles K., McGann Mary, Caress David W.","journalName":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","publicationDate":"7/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. dbrothers@usgs.gov","contributorId":140096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel S.","email":"dbrothers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maier, Katherine L.","contributorId":91411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maier","given":"Katherine L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":571530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGann, Mary L. 0000-0002-3057-2945 mmcgann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":147188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary L.","email":"mmcgann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Caress, David W.","contributorId":147392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caress","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16837,"text":"MBARI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70168431,"text":"70168431 - 2015 - Water from air: An overlooked source of moisture in arid and semiarid regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-12T13:27:56","indexId":"70168431","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-08T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water from air: An overlooked source of moisture in arid and semiarid regions","docAbstract":"Water drives the functioning of Earth’s arid and semiarid lands. Drylands can obtain water from sources other than precipitation, yet little is known about how non-rainfall water inputs influence dryland communities and their activity. In particular, water vapor adsorption – movement of atmospheric water vapor into soil when soil air is drier than the overlying air – likely occurs often in drylands, yet its effects on ecosystem processes are not known. By adding 18O-enriched water vapor to the atmosphere of a closed system, we documented the conversion of water vapor to soil liquid water across a temperature range typical of arid ecosystems. This phenomenon rapidly increased soil moisture and stimulated microbial carbon (C) cycling, and the flux of water vapor to soil had a stronger impact than temperature on microbial activity. In a semiarid grassland, we also observed that non-rainfall water inputs stimulated microbial activity and C cycling. Together these data suggest that, during rain-free periods, atmospheric moisture in drylands may significantly contribute to variation in soil water content, thereby influencing ecosystem processes. The simple physical process of adsorption of water vapor to soil particles, forming liquid water, represents an overlooked but potentially important contributor to C cycling in drylands.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scientific Reports","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1038/srep13767","usgsCitation":"McHugh, T., Morrissey, E.M., Reed, S.C., Hungate, B.A., and Schwartz, E., 2015, Water from air: An overlooked source of moisture in arid and semiarid regions: Scientific Reports, v. 5, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13767.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"13767","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055077","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13767","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf1063e4b06458514b696d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHugh, Theresa","contributorId":166780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McHugh","given":"Theresa","affiliations":[{"id":24512,"text":"Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ; Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrissey, Ember M.","contributorId":166782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrissey","given":"Ember","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24512,"text":"Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ; Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hungate, Bruce A.","contributorId":100639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hungate","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwartz, Egbert","contributorId":166781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Egbert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24512,"text":"Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ; Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156560,"text":"ofr20101083Q - 2015 - Seismicity of the Earth 1900‒2013 Mediterranean Sea and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-09T08:54:41","indexId":"ofr20101083Q","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-08T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1083","chapter":"Q","title":"Seismicity of the Earth 1900‒2013 Mediterranean Sea and vicinity","docAbstract":"The Mediterranean region is seismically active due to the convergence of the Africa Plate with the Eurasia plate. Present day Africa-Eurasia motion ranges from ~4 millimeters per year (mm/yr) in a northwest-southeast direction in the western Mediterranean to ~10 mm/yr (north-south) in the eastern Mediterranean. The Africa-Eurasia plate boundary is complex, and includes extensional and translational zones in addition to the dominant convergent regimes characterized by subduction and continental collision. This convergence began at approximately 50 million years ago and was associated with the closure of the Tethys Sea; the Mediterranean Sea is all that remains of the Tethys. The highest rates of seismicity in the Mediterranean region are found along the Hellenic subduction zone of southern Greece and the North Anatolian Fault Zone of northwestern Turkey, but significant rates of current seismicity and large historical earthquakes have occurred throughout the region spanning the Mediterranean Sea.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101083Q","usgsCitation":"Herman, M.W., Hayes, G.P., Smoczyk, G.M., Turner, Rebecca, Turner, Bethan, Jenkins, Jennifer, Davies, Sian, Parker, Amy, Sinclair, Allison, Benz, H.M., Furlong, K.P., and Villaseñor, Antonio, 2015, Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2013, Mediterranean Sea and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010–1083-Q, scale 1:10,000,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101083Q.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065794","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/q/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307745,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/q/ofr20101083q.pdf","text":"Report","size":"78.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2010-1083-Q"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -18.45703125,\n 22.431340156360594\n ],\n [\n -18.45703125,\n 57.040729838360875\n ],\n [\n 51.328125,\n 57.040729838360875\n ],\n [\n 51.328125,\n 22.431340156360594\n ],\n [\n -18.45703125,\n 22.431340156360594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 966
Denver, CO 80225
http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/
Halophytic communities such as mangrove forests and buttonwood hammocks tend to border freshwater plant communities as sharp ecotones. Most studies attribute this purely to underlying physical templates, such as groundwater salinity gradients caused by tidal flux and topography. However, a few recent studies hypothesize that self-reinforcing feedback between vegetation and vadose zone salinity are also involved and create a bistable situation in which either halophytic dominated habitat or freshwater plant communities may dominate as alternative stable states. Here, we revisit the bistability hypothesis and demonstrate the mechanisms that result in bistability. We demonstrate with remote sensing imagery the sharp boundaries between freshwater hardwood hammock communities in southern Florida and halophytic communities such as buttonwood hammocks and mangroves. We further document from the literature how transpiration of mangroves and freshwater plants respond differently to vadose zone salinity, thus altering the salinity through feedback. Using mathematical models, we show how the self-reinforcing feedback, together with physical template, controls the ecotones between halophytic and freshwater communities. Regions of bistability along environmental gradients of salinity have the potential for large-scale vegetation shifts following pulse disturbances such as hurricane tidal surges in Florida, or tsunamis in other regions. The size of the region of bistability can be large for low-lying coastal habitat due to the saline water table, which extends inland due to salinity intrusion. We suggest coupling ecological and hydrologic processes as a framework for future studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.004","usgsCitation":"Jiang, J., Fuller, D.O., Teh, S., Zhai, L., Koh, H.L., DeAngelis, D., and Sternberg, L., 2015, Bistability of mangrove forests and competition with freshwater plants: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 213, p. 283-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.004.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"290","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060680","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.00494384765625,\n 25.124149253988598\n ],\n [\n -81.00494384765625,\n 25.247180194609925\n ],\n [\n -80.81817626953125,\n 25.247180194609925\n ],\n [\n -80.81817626953125,\n 25.124149253988598\n ],\n [\n -81.00494384765625,\n 25.124149253988598\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"213","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55eff8a7e4b0dacf699e9fd1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.004","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.004","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Jiang Jiang, Fuller Douglas O., Teh Su Yean, Zhai Lu, Koh Hock Lye, DeAngelis Donald L., Sternberg Leonel da Silveira Lobo","journalName":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","publicationDate":"11/2015","auditedOn":"12/3/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, Jiang","contributorId":46838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Jiang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Douglas O","contributorId":147394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"O","affiliations":[{"id":16838,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Miami, Coral Gables FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teh, Su Yean","contributorId":118102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teh","given":"Su Yean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhai, Lu","contributorId":147395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhai","given":"Lu","affiliations":[{"id":16839,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koh, Hock Lye","contributorId":119022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"Hock","email":"","middleInitial":"Lye","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sternberg, L.D.S.L.","contributorId":41223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sternberg","given":"L.D.S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70157091,"text":"70157091 - 2015 - Subglacial discharge at tidewater glaciers revealed by seismic tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:04:33","indexId":"70157091","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-08T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subglacial discharge at tidewater glaciers revealed by seismic tremor","docAbstract":"Subglacial discharge influences glacier basal motion and erodes and redeposits sediment. At tidewater glacier termini, discharge drives submarine terminus melting, affects fjord circulation, and is a central component of proglacial marine ecosystems. However, our present inability to track subglacial discharge and its variability significantly hinders our understanding of these processes. Here we report observations of hourly to seasonal variations in 1.5–10 Hz seismic tremor that strongly correlate with subglacial discharge but not with basal motion, weather, or discrete icequakes. Our data demonstrate that vigorous discharge occurs from tidewater glaciers during summer, in spite of fast basal motion that could limit the formation of subglacial conduits, and then abates during winter. Furthermore, tremor observations and a melt model demonstrate that drainage efficiency of tidewater glaciers evolves seasonally. Glaciohydraulic tremor provides a means by which to quantify subglacial discharge variations and offers a promising window into otherwise obscured glacierized environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2015GL064590","usgsCitation":"Bartholomaus, T.C., Amundson, J.M., Walter, J., O’Neel, S., West, M.E., and Larsen, C.F., 2015, Subglacial discharge at tidewater glaciers revealed by seismic tremor: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 15, p. 6391-6398, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064590.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6391","endPage":"6398","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060356","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064590","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Glacier, Hubbard Glacier, Jakobshavn Isbræ, Mendenhall Glacier, 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We defined the minimum stover requirement (MSR) to maintain current soil organic carbon levels and then estimated current and future soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) budgets for various stover harvest scenarios. Analyses for 2006 through 2010 across the entire Corn Belt indicated that currently, 28 Tg or 1.6 Mg ha−1 of stover could be sustainably harvested from 17.95 million hectares (Mha) with N, P, and K removal of 113, 26, and 47 kg ha−1, respectively, and C removal for that period was estimated to be 4.55 Mg C ha−1. Assuming continued yield increases and a planted area of 26.74 Mha in 2050, 77.4 Tg stover (or 2.4 Mg ha−1) could be sustainably harvested with N, P, and K removal of 177, 37, and 72 kg ha−1, respectively, along with C removal of ∼6.57 Mg C ha−1. Although there would be significant variation across the region, harvesting only the excess over the MSR under current fertilization rates would result in a small depletion of soil N (−5 ± 27 kg ha−1) and K (−20 ± 31 kg ha−1) and a moderate surplus of P (36 ± 18 kg ha−1). Our 2050 projections based on continuing to keep the MSR, but having higher yields indicate that soil N and K deficits would become larger, thus emphasize the importance of balancing soil nutrient supply with crop residue removal.
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