{"pageNumber":"1220","pageRowStart":"30475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40904,"records":[{"id":70243827,"text":"70243827 - 1999 - Carbon cycling in boreal wetlands: A comparison of three approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-22T16:50:40.035672","indexId":"70243827","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T11:38:35","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8113,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon cycling in boreal wetlands: A comparison of three approaches","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three independent methods were used to measure net ecosystem production (NEP) in four wetlands near Thompson, Manitoba, Canada. The first method calculated NEP by subtracting heterotrophic respiration from net primary productivity, using both measurements and estimates derived from the literature. The second method used radiocarbon data from cores to derive long-term NEP averaged over the past several decades. The third method used direct measurement of NEP combined with a model to fill in for days with no data. The three methods, with their independently derived uncertainties, all show the same magnitude and pattern of NEP variation across four different wetland types. However, direct measurement yielded distinctly lower estimates of NEP in the most productive sites. Highest NEP (31–180 gC m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) was observed in the two wetlands with the highest proportion of sedge vegetation. A bog collapse scar and a nutrient-rich fen had NEP values not significantly different from zero. The maximum NEP at sites with intermediate nutrient status is due to slower overall decomposition and is likely associated with greater allocation of production below ground by sedges. The three methods for estimating NEP differ in the effort required, the sources of error, and in the timescale over which they apply. Used in combination, they allow estimation of parameters such as below- ground production and the contribution of heterotrophic decomposition to total soil respiration. Using the radiocarbon method, we also derived estimates of the rate of N accumulation in the four wetland types.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Trumbore, S., Bubier, J., Harden, J.W., and Crill, P.M., 1999, Carbon cycling in boreal wetlands: A comparison of three approaches: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, v. 104, no. D22, p. 27673-27682.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"27673","endPage":"27682","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Manitoba","city":"Thompson","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.92791850719725,\n              55.80052771373002\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.92791850719725,\n              55.67999877580303\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.7709594471591,\n              55.67999877580303\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.7709594471591,\n              55.80052771373002\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.92791850719725,\n              55.80052771373002\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"D22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trumbore, Susan E. 0000-0003-3885-6202","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3885-6202","contributorId":139916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trumbore","given":"Susan E.","affiliations":[{"id":13313,"text":"Max Planck Institute of Biogeochemistry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bubier, Jill","contributorId":169400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bubier","given":"Jill","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25495,"text":"Mount Holyoke College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crill, Patrick M.","contributorId":96567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crill","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70203626,"text":"70203626 - 1999 - Winter ecology of the endangered golden-cheeked warbler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T09:57:48","indexId":"70203626","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T09:57:30","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter ecology of the endangered golden-cheeked warbler","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied the ecology of the Golden-cheeked Warbler (</span><i>Dendroica chrysoparia</i><span>) during three winter seasons, 1995-1998, in Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico. Individuals of this species occurred almost exclusively as members of mixed-species flocks, occupying sites with greater densities of encino oak and ground cover and fewer pines than random sites. Most foraging observations were recorded in mid-story, encino oak. Commonly-observed foraging maneuvers were gleaning and sally-hovering. Eighty-three percent of foraging maneuvers were directed at the outermost portions of the oak foliage. Flocks in which Golden-cheeked Warblers occurred contained an average of 20.5 individuals and 12.9 species other than Golden-cheeked Warblers. The most frequently co-occurring species were Wilson's Warbler (</span><i>Wilsonia pusilla</i><span>), Black-throated Green Warbler (</span><i>Dendroica virens</i><span>), Hermit Warbler (</span><i>D. occidentalis</i><span>), Townsend's Warbler (D. townsendi), and Blue-headed Vireo (</span><i>Vireo solitarius</i><span>). The ratio of males to females observed was not substantially different from 1:1, and there was little evidence of sexual differences in habitat use. Golden-cheeked Warblers appeared to be tolerant of moderate levels of logging and grazing, but understory clearing to promote grazing for cattle may pose a significant threat to winter habitat availability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1370063","usgsCitation":"Rappole, J.H., King, D.I., and Barrow, W., 1999, Winter ecology of the endangered golden-cheeked warbler: The Condor, v. 101, no. 4, p. 762-770, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370063.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"762","endPage":"770","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rappole, John H.","contributorId":112858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rappole","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, David I.","contributorId":34390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":13259,"text":"USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":18918,"text":"Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":168953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21825,"text":"ofr99136 - 1999 - Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180394,"text":"70180394 - 1999 - Geology of Unga Island and the northwestern part of Popof Island: Chapter 2 in <i>A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska</i>","indexId":"70180394","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"Geology of Unga Island and the northwestern part of Popof Island: Chapter 2 in <i>A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":21825,"text":"ofr99136 - 1999 - Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska","indexId":"ofr99136","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70180395,"text":"70180395 - 1999 - Rock, stream sediment, and heavy-mineral concentrate geochemical data from Unga and western Popof Islands, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska: Chapter 6 in <i>A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska</i>","indexId":"70180395","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"6","title":"Rock, stream sediment, and heavy-mineral concentrate geochemical data from Unga and western Popof Islands, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska: Chapter 6 in <i>A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":21825,"text":"ofr99136 - 1999 - Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska","indexId":"ofr99136","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T21:48:30.180266","indexId":"ofr99136","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-136","title":"Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The topic of this CD-ROM is the geologic framework of gold-silver vein deposits on Unga Island, in the Shumagin Islands, southwestern Alaska. The core of the publication is a new geologic map at a scale of 1:63,360 and aeromagnetic and electromagnetic survey data acquired by industry over the area of mineralization. Both the geologic map as well as a preliminary interpretation of the geophysical data - which are included by permission of the owner - are aimed towards deciphering the relations among volcanism, tectonism, and mineralization. Data and discussions are organized in seven chapters, titles of which are outlined in the table of contents. The chapters consist of viewable text and figure images; postscript versions of the frontispiece figures and all chapter figures are included on the CD-ROM as well. The geologic map is a large viewable figure (Plate 1) that accompanies chapter 2. The map was constructed in ARC and its component coverages are provided in the folder 'Geology' for users who may wish to modify the geologic data or add their own data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.3133/ofr99136","issn":"0566-8174","isbn":"0607926546","usgsCitation":"1999, Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska (Version 1.3): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-136, 6 p.; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99136.","productDescription":"6 p.; CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334270,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-136/version_history.txt"},{"id":334269,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-136/of99-136.pdf","text":"Introduction, with links to chapters","size":"138 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9306,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Unga Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.90576171875,\n              55.11608453987679\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.44708251953125,\n              55.11608453987679\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.44708251953125,\n              55.41342553237579\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.90576171875,\n              55.41342553237579\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.90576171875,\n              55.11608453987679\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.3","publicComments":"Originally published as a CD-ROM; the files are now available online","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae655","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Riehle, James R.","contributorId":70048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661517,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4240,"text":"cir1188 - 1999 - An assessment of seismic monitoring in the United States; requirement for an Advanced National Seismic System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T13:49:22","indexId":"cir1188","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1188","title":"An assessment of seismic monitoring in the United States; requirement for an Advanced National Seismic System","docAbstract":"This report assesses the status, needs, and associated costs of seismic monitoring in the United States. It sets down the requirement for an effective, national seismic monitoring strategy and an advanced system linking national, regional, and urban monitoring networks. Modernized seismic monitoring can provide alerts of imminent strong earthquake shaking; rapid assessment of distribution and severity of earthquake shaking (for use in emergency response); warnings of a possible tsunami from an offshore earthquake; warnings of volcanic eruptions; information for correctly characterizing earthquake hazards and for improving building codes; and data on response of buildings and structures during earthquakes, for safe, cost-effective design, engineering, and construction practices in earthquake-prone regions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1188","isbn":"0607929324","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, An assessment of seismic monitoring in the United States; requirement for an Advanced National Seismic System: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1188, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1188.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":76,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1999/c1188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1999/1188/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31354,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1999/1188/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684ca5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":32217,"text":"ofr99179 - 1999 - Susceptibility of ground water to surface and shallow sources of contamination, Orange County, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T11:54:07","indexId":"ofr99179","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-179","title":"Susceptibility of ground water to surface and shallow sources of contamination, Orange County, North Carolina","docAbstract":"In 1998, the relative susceptibility of ground water in Orange County, North Carolina,to contamination from surface and shallow sources was evaluated. A geographic information system was used to build three county-wide layers--soil permeability, land use/land cover, and land-surface slope. The harmonic mean permeability of soil layers was used to estimate a location's capacity to transmit water through the soil.\r\n\r\nValues for each of these three factors were categorized and ranked from 1 to 10 according to relative potential for contamination. Each factor was weighted to reflect its relative potential contribution to ground-water contamination, then the factors were combined to create a relative susceptibility index. The relative susceptibility index was categorized to reflect lowest, low, moderate, high, and highest potential for ground-water contamination.\r\n\r\nThe relative susceptibility index for about 12 percent of the area in Orange County was categorized as high or highest. The high and highest range areas have highly permeable soils, land cover or land-use activities that have a high contamination potential, and low to moderate slopes. Most of the county is within the moderate category of relative susceptibility to ground-water contamination. About 21 percent of the county is ranked as low or lowest relative susceptibility to ground-water contamination.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr99179","usgsCitation":"Terziotti, S., and Eimers, J.L., 1999, Susceptibility of ground water to surface and shallow sources of contamination, Orange County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-179, 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:126,720 (1 inch = 2 miles). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99179.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet, scale 1:126,720 (1 inch = 2 miles). ","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":19669,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0179/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"26720","country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Orange County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-79.1538,36.2422],[-78.9507,36.2393],[-79.0124,35.886],[-79.0142,35.8755],[-79.0161,35.8633],[-79.0831,35.8611],[-79.1262,35.8651],[-79.2521,35.8768],[-79.2588,35.8859],[-79.2598,35.9027],[-79.2711,35.9091],[-79.2756,35.9101],[-79.2637,36.0307],[-79.2593,36.2443],[-79.1538,36.2422]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Orange\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688066","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terziotti, Silvia 0000-0003-3559-5844 seterzio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5844","contributorId":1613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia","email":"seterzio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eimers, J. L.","contributorId":95919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eimers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021201,"text":"70021201 - 1999 - Modeling the effects of land use and climate change on riverine smallmouth bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T11:53:15.75129","indexId":"70021201","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the effects of land use and climate change on riverine smallmouth bass","docAbstract":"<p><span>Anthropogenic changes in temperature and stream flow, associated with watershed land use and climate change, are critical influences on the distribution and abundance of riverine fishes. To project the effects of changing land use and climate, we modeled a smallmouth bass (</span><i>Micropterus dolomieu</i><span>) population in a midwestern USA, large river–floodplain ecosystem under historical (1915–1925), present (1977–1990), and future (2060, influenced by climate change) temperature and flow regimes. The age-structured model included parameters for temperature and river discharge during critical seasonal periods, fish population dynamics, and fishing harvest. Model relationships were developed from empirical field data collected over a 13-yr period. Sensitivity analyses indicated that discharge during the spawning/rearing period had a greater effect on adult density and fishing yield than did spawning/rearing temperature or winter discharge. Simulations for 100 years projected a 139% greater mean fish density under a historical flow regime (64.9 fish/ha) than that estimated for the present (27.1 fish/ha) with a sustainable fishing harvest under both flow regimes. Simulations under future climate-change-induced temperature and flow regimes with present land use projected a 69% decrease in mean fish density (8.5 fish/ha) from present and an unstable population that went extinct during 56% of the simulations. However, when simulated under a future climate-altered temperature and flow regime with historical land use, the population increased by 66% (45.0 fish/ha) from present and sustained a harvest. Our findings suggest that land-use changes may be a greater detriment to riverine fishes than projected climate change and that the combined effects of both factors may lead to local species extinction. However, the negative effects of increased temperature and precipitation associated with future global warming could be mitigated by river channel, floodplain, and watershed restoration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[1391:MTEOLU]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., and Kwak, T.J., 1999, Modeling the effects of land use and climate change on riverine smallmouth bass: Ecological Applications, v. 9, no. 4, p. 1391-1404, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[1391:MTEOLU]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1391","endPage":"1404","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229741,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c41e4b0c8380cd6fb41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":6931,"text":"fs11499 - 1999 - Contaminants and Marine Geology in the New York Bight: Modern Sediment Dynamics and a Legacy for the Future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:22:27","indexId":"fs11499","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"114-99","title":"Contaminants and Marine Geology in the New York Bight: Modern Sediment Dynamics and a Legacy for the Future","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Field Center,","doi":"10.3133/fs11499","usgsCitation":"Mecray, E.L., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., and Butman, B., 1999, Contaminants and Marine Geology in the New York Bight: Modern Sediment Dynamics and a Legacy for the Future: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 114-99, 4 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. ill., maps ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11499.","productDescription":"4 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. ill., maps ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_114_99.bmp"},{"id":709,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/factsheet/fs114-99/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mecray, Ellen L.","contributorId":50887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mecray","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":153585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70174040,"text":"70174040 - 1999 - Polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in tree swallows from the upper Hudson River, New York State, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:12:39","indexId":"70174040","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in tree swallows from the upper Hudson River, New York State, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The upper Hudson River of New York State, USA, is contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as a result of industrial discharges throughout the latter half of this century. In 1994 and 1995, we monitored the transfer of PCBs from aquatic sediments to a terrestrial wildlife community using the tree swallow (</span><i>Tachycineta bicolor</i><span>) as a model organism. Tree swallow eggs and nestlings were collected at four colonies established along a 40-km stretch of the upper Hudson River watershed. Samples were analyzed for total PCBs and PCB congeners, including non-</span><i>ortho</i><span>- and mono-ortho-substituted PCBs. Mean concentrations of PCBs in tree swallow eggs and nestlings ranged from 721 to 62,200 ng/g and were as much as 15 times greater than PCB concentrations in tree swallow eggs and nestlings collected from PCB-contaminated areas within the Great Lakes ecosystem. The corresponding 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQs) calculated using avian toxic equivalency factors ranged from 410 to 25,400 pg/g. Concentrations of PCB congener 77 (3,39,4,49-tetrachlorobiphenyl) were extremely elevated and were major contributors to the calculated TEQs. Homologue pattern comparisons between Hudson River and Saginaw River (Michigan, USA) ecosystems supported the hypothesis that a consistent Hudson River PCB source was the major contributor to PCBs in Hudson River tree swallows. The high concentrations of PCBs in Hudson River sediments and resultant concentrations observed in tree swallows were indicative of a potential elevated risk to these and other wildlife linked to the aquatic food web of the Hudson River ecosystem.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620181119","usgsCitation":"Secord, A.L., McCarty, J.P., Echols, K.R., Meadows, J.C., Gale, R.W., and Tillitt, D.E., 1999, Polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in tree swallows from the upper Hudson River, New York State, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 11, p. 2519-2525, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620181119.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2519","endPage":"2525","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Upper Hudson River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.7677001953125,\n              43.345154990451114\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.52325439453124,\n              43.36312895068202\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.53424072265625,\n              42.97250158602597\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.67156982421874,\n              42.98656732912335\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.6468505859375,\n              43.25320494908846\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.85009765625,\n              43.19516498456403\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.86932373046875,\n              43.26720631662829\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.90228271484375,\n              43.35913519735781\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.85009765625,\n              43.38708594974803\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.81164550781249,\n              43.35314407444698\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.7677001953125,\n              43.345154990451114\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576d0834e4b07657d1a3757c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Secord, Anne L.","contributorId":172412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Secord","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarty, John P.","contributorId":172413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meadows, John C. jmeadows@usgs.gov","contributorId":3024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"John","email":"jmeadows@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":640643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":24174,"text":"ofr99310 - 1999 - Thickness of Cenozoic Deposits of Yucca Flat Inferred from Gravity Data, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr99310","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-310","title":"Thickness of Cenozoic Deposits of Yucca Flat Inferred from Gravity Data, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"The basin-basement contact for Yucca Flat was modeled using isostatic gravity data, a linear density-depth function for the basin deposits, and drill-hole constraints to produce a digital database of both the depth to basement and the gravitational anomaly associated with the basement rocks. The model predicts a depth of roughly 2,500 m in the deepest, southern part of the basin. The model shows offsets in the basement rocks along both the Carpetbag and Yucca faults. The basement rocks of Yucca Flat have a higher gravity anomaly west of the N-S trending Carpetbag fault, suggesting higher density rocks on the west side of the valley.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99310","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.A., Langenheim, V., and Jachens, R., 1999, Thickness of Cenozoic Deposits of Yucca Flat Inferred from Gravity Data, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-310, Report: 33 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99310.","productDescription":"Report: 33 p.; Data Files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13133,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-310/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,36.5 ], [ -116.75,37.5 ], [ -115.75,37.5 ], [ -115.75,36.5 ], [ -116.75,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4a31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. A.","contributorId":67107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":191446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22576,"text":"ofr99185 - 1999 - Hydrogeology and analysis of aquifer characteristics in west-central Pinellas County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:56","indexId":"ofr99185","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-185","title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of aquifer characteristics in west-central Pinellas County, Florida","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Pinellas County, Florida, conducted an investigation to describe the hydrogeology and analyze the aquifer characteristics in west-central Pinellas County. A production test well and four monitor wells were constructed in Pinellas County at Walsingham Park during 1996-97. Water-quality sampling, static and dynamic borehole geophysical surveys, and hydraulic tests were conducted at the wells to delineate the hydrogeology at Walsingham Park. A 9-day aquifer test was conducted to determine the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer system and observe the changes in water quality due to pumping. \rA numerical model was constructed to simulate the aquifer test and calculate values for hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient for permeable zones and confining units at Walsingham Park. Final calibrated values for hydraulic conductivity for the different permeable zones and confining units at the test site were 18 feet per day for Upper Zone A, 750 feet per day for Lower Zone A, 1 foot per day for Zone B, 1x10-4 feet per day for the intermediate confining unit, and 10 feet per day for the semiconfining unit separating Upper Zone A and Lower Zone A. Final calibrated values for storage coefficient were 3.1x10-4 for Upper Zone A, 8.6x10-5 for Lower Zone A, 2.6x10-5 for Zone B, 3.1x10-4 for the intermediate confining unit, and 4.3x10-5 for the semiconfining unit separating Upper Zone A and Lower Zone A. Estimates of transmissivity for Upper Zone A and Lower Zone A were about 2,500 and 37,500 feet squared per day, respectively. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr99185","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Broska, J.C., and Barnette, H., 1999, Hydrogeology and analysis of aquifer characteristics in west-central Pinellas County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-185, vi, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99185.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1356,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr99-185","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbcae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Broska, J. C.","contributorId":62628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broska","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnette, H.L.","contributorId":74409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnette","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22081,"text":"ofr99302 - 1999 - Publications of the Western Geologic Mapping Team 1997-1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-15T15:35:30.745064","indexId":"ofr99302","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-302","title":"Publications of the Western Geologic Mapping Team 1997-1998","docAbstract":"The Western Geologic Mapping Team (WGMT) of the U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division (USGS, GD), conducts geologic mapping and related topical earth-science studies in the western United States. This work is focused on areas where modern geologic maps and associated earth-science data are needed to address key societal and environmental issues such as ground-water quality, potential geologic hazards, and land-use decisions. Areas of primary emphasis currently include southern California, the San Francisco Bay region, the Pacific Northwest, the Las Vegas urban corridor, and selected National Park lands. The team has its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, and maintains smaller field offices at several other locations in the western United States.\n\nThe results of research conducted by the WGMT are released to the public as a variety of databases, maps, text reports, and abstracts, both through the internal publication system of the USGS and in diverse external publications such as scientific journals and books. This report lists publications of the WGMT released in calendar years 1997 and 1998. Most of the publications listed were authored or coauthored by WGMT staff. However, the list also includes some publications authored by formal non-USGS cooperators with the WGMT, as well as some authored by USGS staff outside the WGMT in cooperation with WGMT projects.\n\nSeveral of the publications listed are available on the World Wide Web; for these, URL addresses are provided. Most of these Web publications are USGS open-file reports that contain large digital databases of geologic map and related information. For these, the bibliographic citation refers specifically to an explanatory pamphlet containing information about the content and accessibility of the database, not to the actual map or related information comprising the database itself.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99302","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Stone, P., and Powell, C., 1999, Publications of the Western Geologic Mapping Team 1997-1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-302, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99302.","productDescription":"27 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51523,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0302/pdf/of99-302.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0302/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1198,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0302/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6e86e4b0b29085105d64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, C.L. II","contributorId":93520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"C.L.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24599,"text":"ofr99311 - 1999 - Subduction zone and crustal dynamics of western Washington; a tectonic model for earthquake hazards evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T14:50:33","indexId":"ofr99311","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-311","title":"Subduction zone and crustal dynamics of western Washington; a tectonic model for earthquake hazards evaluation","docAbstract":"The Cascadia subduction zone is extremely complex in the western Washington region, involving local deformation of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate and complicated block structures in the crust. It has been postulated that the Cascadia subduction zone could be the source for a large thrust earthquake, possibly as large as M9.0. Large intraplate earthquakes from within the subducting Juan de Fuca plate beneath the Puget Sound region have accounted for most of the energy release in this century and future such large earthquakes are expected. Added to these possible hazards is clear evidence for strong crustal deformation events in the Puget Sound region near faults such as the Seattle fault, which passes through the southern Seattle metropolitan area. In order to understand the nature of these individual earthquake sources and their possible interrelationship, we have conducted an extensive seismotectonic study of the region. We have employed P-wave velocity models developed using local earthquake tomography as a key tool in this research. Other information utilized includes geological, paleoseismic, gravity, magnetic, magnetotelluric, deformation, seismicity, focal mechanism and geodetic data. Neotectonic concepts were tested and augmented through use of anelastic (creep) deformation models based on thin-plate, finite-element techniques developed by Peter Bird, UCLA. These programs model anelastic strain rate, stress, and velocity fields for given rheological parameters, variable crust and lithosphere thicknesses, heat flow, and elevation. Known faults in western Washington and the main Cascadia subduction thrust were incorporated in the modeling process.\r\n\r\nSignificant results from the velocity models include delineation of a previously studied arch in the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. The axis of the arch is oriented in the direction of current subduction and asymmetrically deformed due to the effects of a northern buttress mapped in the velocity models. This buttress occurs under the North Cascades region of Washington and under southern Vancouver Island. We find that regional faults zones such as the Devils Mt. and Darrington zones follow the margin of this buttress and the Olympic-Wallowa lineament forms its southern boundary east of the Puget Lowland. Thick, high-velocity, lower-crustal rocks are interpreted to be a mafic/ultramafic wedge occuring just above the subduction thrust. This mafic wedge appears to be jointly deformed with the arch, suggesting strong coupling between the subducting plate and upper plate crust in the Puget Sound region at depths >30 km. Such tectonic coupling is possible if brittle-ductile transition temperatures for mafic/ultramafic rocks on both sides of the thrust are assumed.\r\n\r\nThe deformation models show that dominant north-south compression in the coast ranges of Washington and Oregon is controlled by a highly mafic crust and low heat flow, allowing efficient transmission of margin-parallel shear from Pacific plate interaction with North America. Complex stress patterns which curve around the Puget Sound region require a concentration of northwest-directed shear in the North Cascades of Washington. The preferred model shows that greatest horizontal shortening occurs across the Devils Mt. fault zone and the east end of the Seattle fault.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99311","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Stanley, D., Villasenor, A.H., and Benz, H., 1999, Subduction zone and crustal dynamics of western Washington; a tectonic model for earthquake hazards evaluation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-311, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99311.","productDescription":"90 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0311/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53648,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0311/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1631,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0311/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Dal","contributorId":71205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Dal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villasenor, Antonio H. 0000-0001-8592-4832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-4832","contributorId":38186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villasenor","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benz, Harley","contributorId":91460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21848,"text":"ofr99303 - 1999 - Gravity and magnetic study of the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley region, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-15T15:34:31.955449","indexId":"ofr99303","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-303","title":"Gravity and magnetic study of the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley region, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Regional gravity and aeromagnetic maps reveal the existence of deep basins underlying much of the southwestern Nevada volcanic field, approximately 150 km northwest of Las Vegas. These maps also indicate the presence of prominent features (geophysical lineaments) within and beneath the basin fill. Detailed gravity surveys were conducted in order to characterize the nature of the basin boundaries, delineate additional subsurface features, and evaluate their possible influence on the movement of ground-water. Geophysical modeling of gravity and aeromagnetic data indicates that many of the features may be related to processes of caldera formation. Collapse of the various calderas within the volcanic field resulted in dense basement rocks occurring at greater depths within caldera boundaries. Modeling indicates that collapse occurred along faults that are arcuate and steeply dipping. There are indications that the basement in the western Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley region consists predominantly of granitic and/or fine-grained siliceous sedimentary rocks that may be less permeable to groundwater flow than the predominantly fractured carbonate rock basement to the east and southeast of the study area. The northeast-trending Thirsty Canyon lineament, expressed on gravity and basin thickness maps, separates dense volcanic rocks on the northwest from less dense intracaldera accumulations in the Silent Canyon and Timber Mountain caldera complexes. The source of the lineament is an approximately 2-km wide ring fracture system with step-like differential displacements, perhaps localized on a pre-existing northeast-trending Basin and Range fault. Due to vertical offsets, the Thirsty Canyon fault zone probably juxtaposes rock types of different permeability and, thus, it may act as a barrier to ground-water flow and deflect flow from Pahute Mesa along its flanks toward Oasis Valley. Within the Thirsty Canyon fault zone, highly fractured rocks may serve also as a conduit, depending upon the degree of alteration and its effect on porosity and permeability. In the Oasis Valley region, other structures that may influence ground-water flow include the western and southern boundaries of the Oasis Valley basin, where the basement abruptly shallows.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99303","issn":"0566-8174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy Nevada Operations Office (Interagency Agreement DE-AI08-96NV11967)","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., Hildenbrand, T.G., Dixon, G.L., McKee, E.H., Fridrich, C.J., and Laczniak, R.J., 1999, Gravity and magnetic study of the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley region, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-303, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99303.","productDescription":"58 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51332,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0303/pdf/of99-303.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0303/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1241,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0303/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.1972,35.9618 ], [ -118.1972,39.1634 ], [ -114.999,39.1634 ], [ -114.999,35.9618 ], [ -118.1972,35.9618 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5f18e4b0b290850fc1db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, Gary L.","contributorId":23571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":185956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fridrich, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2453-6478 fridrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-6478","contributorId":1251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"Christopher","email":"fridrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":23774,"text":"ofr99199 - 1999 - Estimated hydraulic properties for the surficial- and bedrock-aquifer system, Meddybemps, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T21:16:51.486933","indexId":"ofr99199","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-199","title":"Estimated hydraulic properties for the surficial- and bedrock-aquifer system, Meddybemps, Maine","docAbstract":"Analytical and numerical-modeling methods were used to estimate hydraulic properties of the aquifer system underlying the Eastern Surplus Company Superfund Site in Meddybemps, Maine. Estimates of hydraulic properties are needed to evaluate pathways for contaminants in ground water and to support evaluation and selection of remediation measures for contaminated ground water at this site. \r\n\r\n\r\nThe hydraulic conductivity of surficial materials, determined from specific-capacity tests, ranges from 17 to 78 feet per day for wells completed in coarse-grained glaciomarine sediments, and from about 0.1 to 1.Ofoot per day for wells completed in till. The transmissivity of fractured bedrock determined from specific-capacity tests and aquifer tests in wells completed in less than 200 feet of bedrock ranges from about 0.09 to 130 feet squared per day. Relatively high values of transmissivity at the south end of the study area appear to be associated with a high-angle fracture or fracture zone that hydraulically connects two wells completed in bedrock. Transmissivities at six low-yielding (less than 0.5 gallon per minute) wells, which appear to lie within a poorly transmissive block of the bedrock, are consistently in a range of about 0.09 to 0.5 foot squared per day.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe estimates of hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity in the southern half of the study area are supported by results of steady-state calibration of a numerical model and simulation of a 24-hour pumping test at a well completed in bedrock. Hydraulic conductivity values for the surficial aquifer used in the model were 30 feet per day for coarse-grained glaciomarine sediments, 0.001 to 0.01 foot per day for fine-grained glaciomarine sediments, and 0.1 to 0.5 foot per day for till. As part of model calibration, a relatively transmissive zone in the surficial aquifer was extended beyond the hypothesized extent of coarse-grained sediments eastward to the Dennys River.\r\n\r\n\r\nHydraulic conductivity values used for bedrock in the model ranged from 3x10-4 to 1.5 feet per day. The highest values were in the fracture zone that hydraulically connects two wells and apparently extends to the Dennys River. The transmissivity of bedrock used in the model ranged from 0.03 to 150 feet squared per day, with the majority of the bedrock transmissivities set at 0.3 foot squared per day. Numerical modeling results indicated that a very low ratio of vertical hydraulic conductivity to thickness (1x10-9 days-l) was required to simulate a persistent cone of depression near a residential well that lies in the previously identified poorly transmissive block of bedrock.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99199","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lyford, F.P., Garabedian, S.P., and Hansen, B.P., 1999, Estimated hydraulic properties for the surficial- and bedrock-aquifer system, Meddybemps, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-199, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99199.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395187,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19454.htm"},{"id":1780,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr99199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Meddybumps","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.3626708984375,\n              45.03371396774147\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.35189914703369,\n              45.03371396774147\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.35189914703369,\n              45.042174817839786\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.3626708984375,\n              45.042174817839786\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.3626708984375,\n              45.03371396774147\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcd6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyford, Forest P.","contributorId":43334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyford","given":"Forest","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garabedian, Stephen P.","contributorId":91090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Bruce P.","contributorId":90727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70206105,"text":"70206105 - 1999 - Nomenclature of the micas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-22T13:14:07","indexId":"70206105","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-22T12:55:28","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nomenclature of the micas","docAbstract":"<p><span>End-members and species defined with permissible ranges of composition are presented for the true micas, the brittle micas, and the interlayer-deficient micas. The determination of the crystallochemical formula for different available chemical data is outlined, and a system of modifiers and suffixes is given to allow the expression of unusual chemical substitutions or polytypic stacking arrangements. Tables of mica synonyms, varieties, ill-defined materials, and a list of names formerly or erroneously used for micas are presented. The Mica Subcommittee was appointed by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association. The definitions and recommendations presented were approved by the Commission.</span></p>","language":"English ","publisher":"Mineralogical Magazine","doi":"10.1180/minmag.1999.063.2.13","issn":"0026461X","usgsCitation":"Rieder, M., Cavazzini, G., D’yakonov, Y., Frank-Kamenetskii, V., Gottardi, G., Guggenheim, S., Koval, P., Muller, G., Neiva, A., Radoslovich, E., Robert, J., Sassi, F., Takeda, H., and Wones, D.R., 1999, Nomenclature of the micas: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 63, no. 2, p. 267-279, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1999.063.2.13.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"267","endPage":"279","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rieder, M.","contributorId":200496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rieder","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cavazzini, G","contributorId":219918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavazzini","given":"G","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D’yakonov, Y.S.","contributorId":219919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’yakonov","given":"Y.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frank-Kamenetskii, V.A.","contributorId":219920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frank-Kamenetskii","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gottardi, G","contributorId":219921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gottardi","given":"G","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guggenheim, S.","contributorId":219922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guggenheim","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Koval, P.V.","contributorId":219923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koval","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Muller, G","contributorId":219924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muller","given":"G","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Neiva, A.M.R.","contributorId":219925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neiva","given":"A.M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Radoslovich, E.W.","contributorId":219926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radoslovich","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Robert, J.-L.","contributorId":219927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robert","given":"J.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sassi, F.P","contributorId":219929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sassi","given":"F.P","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Takeda, H.","contributorId":90462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takeda","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wones, David R.","contributorId":47455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wones","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70128313,"text":"70128313 - 1999 - 7Be as a tracer of flood sedimentation on the northern California continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T16:42:31","indexId":"70128313","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-07T13:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<sup>7</sup>Be as a tracer of flood sedimentation on the northern California continental margin","title":"7Be as a tracer of flood sedimentation on the northern California continental margin","docAbstract":"Sediment inventories of the cosmogenic radionuclide <sup>7</sup>Be (t<sub>1/2</sub>=53 d) were measured on the Eel River shelf and slope (northern California continental margin) to investigate sedimentation processes associated with coastal river flooding. Seabed coring shortly after major riverflow events in 1995 and 1997 documented a shelf-wide flood deposit, and subsequent radionuclide studies determined <sup>7</sup>Be to be a powerful tracer of fine-grained river sediment. In addition, distinctive signatures of <sup>234</sup>Th and <sup>210</sup>Pb were observed in oceanic flood deposits and provided additional information regarding depositional processes. During the 1995–1997 monitoring period, <sup>7</sup>Be was present (2–35 dpm cm<sup>-2</sup>) in shelf and slope sediments only after periods of high rainfall and river runoff during the winter months. It is suggested that fluvial input was the primary source of <sup>7</sup>Be in shelf sediments after the floods. <sup>7</sup>Be sediment inventories and sediment-trap fluxes determined after the 1997 flood revealed that fine-grained fluvial sediments were rapidly (within one month) broadcast over the continental margin, to the 500 m isobath. Dispersal was apparently facilitated by energetic storm waves, which resuspended and redistributed some fraction of the suspended load residing on the shelf prior to accretion as flood deposits. These observations illustrate that floods are an important sedimentary process for modern environments of the Eel shelf and slope, and perhaps for other fluviomarine sedimentary systems of the northern California continental margin. Ratios of the <sup>210</sup>Pb sediment-accumulation rate (100 yr average) to the <sup>7</sup>Be deposition rate (1–2 month average) for shelf sites illustrate the episodic nature of shelf sedimentation, and suggest that a minimum of 3–30 depositional events complete the most recent stratigraphic record. This observation is consistent with the magnetude and frequency of fluvial sediment input, as Eel River floods with return periods of 3–33 yr (3% of the time of record) have supplied >80% of the total 85 yr suspended load. Based on radionuclide and hydrologic data, it can be concluded that a small number of flood depositional events have had a disproportionate impact on the sedimentary record of the Eel shelf.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00090-9","usgsCitation":"Sommerfield, C.K., Nittrouer, C.A., and Alexander, C.R., 1999, 7Be as a tracer of flood sedimentation on the northern California continental margin: Continental Shelf Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 335-361, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00090-9.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"361","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295018,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00090-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Eel River","volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54350098e4b0a4f4b46a236a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sommerfield, C. K.","contributorId":87472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommerfield","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nittrouer, C. A.","contributorId":73521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nittrouer","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, C. R.","contributorId":72729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70169448,"text":"70169448 - 1999 - Effects of sample size and sampling frequency on studies of brown bear home ranges and habitat use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-25T16:16:31","indexId":"70169448","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T17:15:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sample size and sampling frequency on studies of brown bear home ranges and habitat use","docAbstract":"<p>We equipped 9 brown bears (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, with collars containing both conventional very-high-frequency (VHF) transmitters and global positioning system (GPS) receivers programmed to determine an animal's position at 5.75-hr intervals. We calculated minimum convex polygon (MCP) and fixed and adaptive kernel home ranges for randomly-selected subsets of the GPS data to examine the effects of sample size on accuracy and precision of home range estimates. We also compared results obtained by weekly aerial radiotracking versus more frequent GPS locations to test for biases in conventional radiotracking data. Home ranges based on the MCP were 20-606 km<sup>2</sup> (<i>x</i> = 201) for aerial radiotracking data (<i>n</i> = 12-16 locations/bear) and 116-1,505 km<sup>2</sup> (<i>x</i> = 522) for the complete GPS data sets (<i>n</i> = 245-466 locations/bear). Fixed kernel home ranges were 34-955 km<sup>2</sup> (<i>x</i> = 224) for radiotracking data and 16-130 km<sup>2</sup> (<i>x</i> = 60) for the GPS data. Differences between means for radiotracking and GPS data were due primarily to the larger samples provided by the GPS data. Means did not differ between radiotracking data and equivalent-sized subsets of GPS data (P &gt; 0.10). For the MCP, home range area increased and variability decreased asymptotically with number of locations. For the kernel models, both area and variability decreased with increasing sample size. Simulations suggested that the MCP and kernel models required &gt;60 and &gt;80 locations, respectively, for estimates to be both accurate (change in area &lt;1%/additional location) and precise (CV &lt; 50%). Although the radiotracking data appeared unbiased, except for the relationship between area and sample size, these data failed to indicate some areas that likely were important to bears. Our results suggest that the usefulness of conventional radiotracking data may be limited by potential biases and variability due to small samples. Investigators that use home range estimates in statistical tests should consider the effects of variability of those estimates. Use of GPS-equipped collars can facilitate obtaining larger samples of unbiased data and improve accuracy and precision of home range estimates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Arthur, S.M., and Schwartz, C.C., 1999, Effects of sample size and sampling frequency on studies of brown bear home ranges and habitat use: Ursus, v. 11, p. 139-148.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319431,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_11/Arthur_Schwartz_Vol_11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f66155e4b07d796bf77045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, Steve M.","contributorId":66169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":624154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":624155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70168699,"text":"70168699 - 1999 - Groundwater geochemistry in the Seminole Well Field, Cedar Rapids, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T06:19:34","indexId":"70168699","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T16:45:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater geochemistry in the Seminole Well Field, Cedar Rapids, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>The City of Cedar Rapids obtains its municipal water supply from four well fields in an alluvial aquifer along the Cedar River in east-central Iowa. Since 1992, the City and the U.S. Geological Survey have cooperatively studied the groundwater-flow system and water chemistry near the well fields. The geochemistry in the alluvial aquifer near the Seminole Well Field was assessed to identify potentially reactive minerals and possible chemical reactions that produce observed changes in water chemistry. Calcite, dolomite, ferrihydrite, quartz, rhodochrosite, and siderite were identified as potentially reactive minerals by calculating saturation indexes. Aluminosiicate minerals including albite, Ca-montmorillonite, gibbsite, illite, K-feldspar, and kaolinite were identified as potentially reactive minerals using hypothetical saturation indexes calculated with an assumed dissolved aluminum concentration of 1 microgram per liter. Balanced chemical equations derived from inverse-modeling techniques were used to assess chemical reactions as precipitation percolates to the water table. Calcite dissolution was predominate, but aluminosilicate weathering, cation exchange, and redox reactions also likely occurred. Microbial-catalyzed redox reactions altered the chemical composition of water infiltrating from the Cedar River into the alluvial aquifer by consuming dissolved oxygen, reducing nitrate, and increasing dissolved iron and manganese concentrations. Nitrate reduction only occurred in relatively shallow (3 to 7 meters below land surface) groundwater near the Cedar River and did not occur in water infiltrating to deeper zones of the alluvial aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04212.x","usgsCitation":"Boyd, R., 1999, Groundwater geochemistry in the Seminole Well Field, Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 5, p. 1257-1268, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04212.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1257","endPage":"1268","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Cedar Rapids","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.8017578125,\n              41.90432124806034\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.55731201171875,\n              41.90432124806034\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.55731201171875,\n              42.049292638686836\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.8017578125,\n              42.049292638686836\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.8017578125,\n              41.90432124806034\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cee265e4b015c306ec5ed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Robert A.","contributorId":16491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38260,"text":"pp1650AB - 1999 - Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:01","indexId":"pp1650AB","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1650","chapter":"A,B","title":"Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America","docAbstract":"This atlas explores the continental-scale relations between the geographic ranges of woody plant species and climate in North America. A 25-km equal-area grid of modern climatic and bioclimatic parameters was constructed from instrumental weather records. The geographic distributions of selected tree and shrub species were digitized, and the presence or absence of each species was determined for each cell on the 25-km grid, thus providing a basis for comparing climatic data and species distributions. The relations between climate and plant distributions are explored in graphical and tabular form. The results of this effort are primarily intended for use in biogeographic, paleoclimatic, and global-change research.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1650AB","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.S., Anderson, K.H., and Bartlein, P.J., 1999, Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America (Online Version 1.0, 14 December 1999): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1650, atlas, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1650AB.","productDescription":"atlas","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3497,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1650-a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1650a-b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64636,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1650a-b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Online Version 1.0, 14 December 1999","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669482","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Katherine H. 0000-0003-2677-6109","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-6109","contributorId":52556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":219439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartlein, Patrick J.","contributorId":106879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlein","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":23643,"text":"ofr99132 - 1999 - How to build a model illustrating sea-floor spreading and subduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T14:17:46","indexId":"ofr99132","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-132","title":"How to build a model illustrating sea-floor spreading and subduction","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes how to build a model of the outer 300 km (180 miles) of the Earth that can be used to develop a better understanding of the principal features of plate tectonics, including sea-floor spreading, the pattern of magnetic stripes frozen into the sea floor, transform faulting, thrust faulting, subduction, and volcanism. In addition to a paper copy of this report, the materials required are a cardboard shoebox, glue, scissors, straight edge, and safety razor blade. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr99132","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lahr, J., 1999, How to build a model illustrating sea-floor spreading and subduction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-132, 16 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99132.","productDescription":"16 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0132/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1684,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52913,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bd1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lahr, J.C.","contributorId":34892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185248,"text":"70185248 - 1999 - Performance assessments of nuclear waste repositories: A dialogue on their value and limitations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:36:37","indexId":"70185248","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3300,"text":"Risk Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance assessments of nuclear waste repositories: A dialogue on their value and limitations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Performance Assessment (PA) is the use of mathematical models to simulate the long-term behavior of engineered and geologic barriers in a nuclear waste repository; methods of uncertainty analysis are used to assess effects of parametric and conceptual uncertainties associated with the model system upon the uncertainty in outcomes of the simulation. PA is required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as part of its certification process for geologic repositories for nuclear waste. This paper is a dialogue to explore the value and limitations of PA. Two “skeptics” acknowledge the utility of PA in organizing the scientific investigations that are necessary for confident siting and licensing of a repository; however, they maintain that the PA process, at least as it is currently implemented, is an essentially unscientific process with shortcomings that may provide results of limited use in evaluating actual effects on public health and safety. Conceptual uncertainties in a PA analysis can be so great that results can be confidently applied only over short time ranges, the antithesis of the purpose behind long-term, geologic disposal. Two “proponents” of PA agree that performance assessment is unscientific, but only in the sense that PA is an engineering analysis that uses existing scientific knowledge to support public policy decisions, rather than an investigation intended to increase fundamental knowledge of nature; PA has different goals and constraints than a typical scientific study. The “proponents” describe an ideal, sixstep process for conducting generalized PA, here called probabilistic systems analysis (PSA); they note that virtually all scientific content of a PA is introduced during the model-building steps of a PSA, they contend that a PA based on simple but scientifically acceptable mathematical models can provide useful and objective input to regulatory decision makers. The value of the results of any PA must lie between these two views and will depend on the level of knowledge of the site, the degree to which models capture actual physical and chemical processes, the time over which extrapolations are made, and the proper evaluation of health risks attending implementation of the repository. The challenge is in evaluating whether the quality of the PA matches the needs of decision makers charged with protecting the health and safety of the public.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb00452.x","usgsCitation":"Ewing, R.C., Tierney, M.S., Konikow, L.F., and Rechard, R.P., 1999, Performance assessments of nuclear waste repositories: A dialogue on their value and limitations: Risk Analysis, v. 19, no. 5, p. 933-958, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb00452.x.","productDescription":"26 p. ","startPage":"933","endPage":"958","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/45530","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba424e4b0849ce97dc7a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewing, Rodney C.","contributorId":189440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ewing","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tierney, Martin S.","contributorId":189441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tierney","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rechard, Rob P.","contributorId":189445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rechard","given":"Rob","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":32216,"text":"ofr99173 - 1999 - The Washington and Oregon mid-shelf silt deposit and its relation to the late Holocene Columbia River sediment budget","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T09:35:49","indexId":"ofr99173","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-173","title":"The Washington and Oregon mid-shelf silt deposit and its relation to the late Holocene Columbia River sediment budget","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to compile and analyze existing data which lend support to the development of a sediment budget for the Columbia River, coastal, and offshore regions of southwest Washington. This will contribute to the construction of a sediment budget model which will reflect sediment sources, depocenters, and the sediment contribution to each region. The Columbia River is the source of modern sediment for the beaches of southwest Washington. Development of the sediment budget is necessary to understand the long term effects that reduction in sediment supply has on present day areas of sediment erosion and accumulation in the region. Figure 1 describes the origin, distribution, and thickness of the Mid-Shelf Silt Deposit (MSSD) based on analysis of seismic data acquired between 1976-1980 (Wolf et al., 1997). Sediment volumes deposited during the past 5000 years were calculated for each of the physiographic areal compartments shown in Figure 2. Table 1 organizes the data from Figures 1 and 2 into tabular form. This table provides a representation of the percent volume and weight of sediment types which contribute to the estimated Columbia River sediment budget. The compartments shown in Figure 2 are color coordinated with Table 1.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99173","usgsCitation":"Wolf, S.C., Nelson, H., Hamer, M.R., Dunhill, G., and Phillips, R.L., 1999, The Washington and Oregon mid-shelf silt deposit and its relation to the late Holocene Columbia River sediment budget (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-173, Report: 60.00 x 36.00 inches; Report GIF, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99173.","productDescription":"Report: 60.00 x 36.00 inches; Report GIF","costCenters":[{"id":641,"text":"Water Science Center Office - Tacoma","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99173.jpg"},{"id":3176,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0173/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284650,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0173/images/map.gif"},{"id":284648,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0173/pdf/of99-173.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Colombia River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -130.0,40.0 ], [ -130.0,48.0 ], [ -122.0,48.0 ], [ -122.0,40.0 ], [ -130.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd775ee4b0b2908510b7e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, Stephen C.","contributorId":38148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Hans","contributorId":46942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hans","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamer, Michael R.","contributorId":10471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunhill, Gita","contributorId":36169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunhill","given":"Gita","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, R. Lawrence","contributorId":81478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":34252,"text":"b2171 - 1999 - Last interglacial sea-surface temperature estimates from the California margin; improvements to the modern analog technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:42","indexId":"b2171","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2171","title":"Last interglacial sea-surface temperature estimates from the California margin; improvements to the modern analog technique","docAbstract":"Total faunal analyses of planktic foraminifer assemblages are used to derive sea surface temperature estimates for the last interglacial from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1018 and 1020 off northern and central California. Foraminifer assemblage data were transformed to sea-surface temperature (SST) estimates by using the modern analog technique (MAT). In order to improve our ability to estimate SST in this area, the coretop calibration data base used in the MAT was augmented by 13 new age-validated coretop assemblages from the U.S. Pacific Margin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/b2171","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H.J., and Poore, R.Z., 1999, Last interglacial sea-surface temperature estimates from the California margin; improvements to the modern analog technique (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2171, 4 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2171.","productDescription":"4 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3391,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bulletin/b2171/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8da7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":212686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":212685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":34942,"text":"b2170 - 1999 - Methods of generating synthetic acoustic logs from resistivity logs for gas-hydrate-bearing sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:26","indexId":"b2170","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2170","title":"Methods of generating synthetic acoustic logs from resistivity logs for gas-hydrate-bearing sediments","docAbstract":"Methods of predicting acoustic logs from resistivity logs\r\nfor hydrate-bearing sediments are presented. Modified time\r\naverage equations derived from the weighted equation provide a\r\nmeans of relating the velocity of the sediment to the resistivity of\r\nthe sediment. These methods can be used to transform resistivity\r\nlogs into acoustic logs with or without using the gas hydrate\r\nconcentration in the pore space. All the parameters except the\r\nunconsolidation constants, necessary for the prediction of acoustic\r\nlog from resistivity log, can be estimated from a cross plot of\r\nresistivity versus porosity values. Unconsolidation constants in\r\nequations may be assumed without rendering significant errors\r\nin the prediction. These methods were applied to the acoustic\r\nand resistivity logs acquired at the Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate\r\nresearch well drilled at the Mackenzie Delta, northern Canada.\r\nThe results indicate that the proposed method is simple and\r\naccurate.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/b2170","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 1999, Methods of generating synthetic acoustic logs from resistivity logs for gas-hydrate-bearing sediments (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2170, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2170.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3383,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2170/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc03a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":213853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22385,"text":"ofr99171 - 1999 - Modified Mercalli intensities for some California north-coast earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:57","indexId":"ofr99171","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-171","title":"Modified Mercalli intensities for some California north-coast earthquakes","docAbstract":"Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) data are used by Bakun (in preparation) to estimate the location and moment magnitude M of California north-coast earthquakes from MMI observations only. The MMI data and site corrections used by Bakun (in preparation) are listed in this Open-file Report. This report is also accessible at http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/~bakun/.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99171","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., 1999, Modified Mercalli intensities for some California north-coast earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-171, iii, 31 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99171.","productDescription":"iii, 31 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1450,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://quake.wr.usgs.gov/~bakun/OFR99-171.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0171/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51801,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0171/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6993de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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