This volume contains a summary of the flooding in the upper Mississippi River Basin during the spring and summer of 1993 and 36 articles describing severe, widespread, or unusual flooding in the United States from January 1, 1992, to the end of the 1993 water year, September 30, 1993. Each flood is described to an extent commensurate with its significance and the availability of data on the hydrology and the damages. Each article includes one or more maps showing the general area of flooding and the sites for which data are presented. Most articles include tables of data that allow the reader to compare the described flood with past floods at selected flood-determination sites. The articles generally do not attempt to analyze the floods or draw definitive conclusions, except for a few cases in which the author had sufficient information for an analysis to be made.
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States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699291","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Perry, Charles A. cperry@usgs.gov","contributorId":2093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Charles","email":"cperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":623204,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Combs, L. J.","contributorId":25133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Combs","given":"L. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623205,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5581,"text":"fs08698 - 1998 - Laboratory method for analysis of small concentrations of methyl tert-butyl rther and other ether gasoline oxygenates in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T17:01:18.081718","indexId":"fs08698","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"086-98","title":"Laboratory method for analysis of small concentrations of methyl tert-butyl rther and other ether gasoline oxygenates in water","docAbstract":"This Fact Sheet presents data for analysis of nanogram-per-liter concentrations of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and three other ether gasoline oxygenates, including methyl tert-pentyl ether (TAME), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), by purge- and-trap capillary-column gas chromatography. Long-term method detection levels (LT-MDLs) for MTBE, TAME, DIPE, and ETBE ranged from 15 to 83 nanograms per liter (0.015 to 0.083 microgram per liter). Nanogram-per-liter-concentration detections are reported if all of the identification criteria are met, whereas previous methods censored detections at a pre-determined method reporting level. The reporting level for this method is defined as two times the LT-MDL, does not censor detections at less than this concentration, and is referred to as the nondetection value (NDV). Bias and variability data from multiple analyses, analysts, and instruments over a 60-day period show the oxygenate recoveries ranging from 100 to 109 percent, with 6 to 8 percent relative standard deviation. MTBE, TAME, DIPE, and ETBE were not detected in the analysis of 225 laboratory reagent blanks from January to December 1997. A preservation study in ground water and surface water indicates that all the oxygenates are stable at pH 2 for up to 216 days, with recoveries ranging from 94 to 115 percent on day 216, and relative standard deviations ranging from 5 to 9 percent for the duration of the study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs08698","usgsCitation":"Rose, D.L., Connor, B.F., Abney, S.R., and Raese, J.W., 1998, Laboratory method for analysis of small concentrations of methyl tert-butyl rther and other ether gasoline oxygenates in water: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 086-98, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs08698.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0086/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":11565,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nwql.usgs.gov/Public/FS-086-98.shtml","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":32104,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1483","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Donna L. 0000-0003-1216-9914 dlrose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1216-9914","contributorId":4546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Donna","email":"dlrose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":151235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connor, Brooke F. bfconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":3172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"Brooke","email":"bfconnor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":151234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abney, Sonja R.","contributorId":62992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abney","given":"Sonja","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raese, Jon W. jwraese@usgs.gov","contributorId":183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raese","given":"Jon","email":"jwraese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":151233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":21829,"text":"ofr98347 - 1998 - Geology and mineral resources of the Lake Valley area, Sierra County, New Mexico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21829,"text":"ofr98347 - 1998 - Geology and mineral resources of the Lake Valley area, Sierra County, New Mexico","indexId":"ofr98347","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and mineral resources of the Lake Valley area, Sierra County, New Mexico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":32803,"text":"pp1644 - 2002 - Geologic investigations in the Lake Valley area, Sierra County, New Mexico","indexId":"pp1644","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic investigations in the Lake Valley area, Sierra County, New Mexico"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":32803,"text":"pp1644 - 2002 - Geologic investigations in the Lake Valley area, Sierra County, New Mexico","indexId":"pp1644","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic investigations in the Lake Valley area, Sierra County, New Mexico"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-11T21:38:34.864567","indexId":"ofr98347","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-347","title":"Geology and mineral resources of the Lake Valley area, Sierra County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"At the request of the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Geological Survey assessed the Lake Valley Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC), which includes the historic Lake Valley townsite and silver-manganese mining district, for undiscovered mineral resources. The Lake Valley ACEC is along the southeastern margin of the Black Range of western Sierra County, New Mexico. The Black Range contains eleven mining districts from which silver, lead, zinc, manganese, copper, gold, and tin have been recovered. As part of the study, an area of over 75 square mi (195 square km) in the area of the Lake Valley ACEC was mapped to understand ore controls and to assess mineral-resource potential. Lake Valley mining district is in Mississippian Lake Valley Formation carbonate rocks, but much of the surrounding terrane consists of volcanic rocks on the southeastern edge of the Emory cauldron which formed about 34.9 Ma. Volcanic rocks are part of the Mogollon-Datil volcanic province which include flows, breccias, ash-flow tuffs, and intrusive rhyolites. The Lake Valley mining district is located about 20 mi (32 km) south of the Late Cretaceous Laramide copper-gold porphyry intrusion at Hillsboro. It is also located at the western boundary of the Rio Grande rift basin.The Lake Valey fault is the major structural feature of the study area. Geological and geophysical data suggest the fault is composed of two segments: a southern, northwest-striking segment that may have a pre-Tertiary history and a northerly-striking segment that is part of the Emory cauldron ring fracture. The mining district is bounded by the southern, northwest-striking segment of the fault which may have up to 800 ft (240m) of normal offset. Deposit types identified in the Black Range, and for which we assess mineral potential, are Laramide porphyry, Laramide skarns, Laramide veins, gold placer, carbonate-hosted, volcanic-epithermal, and rhyolite tin; no Rio Grande Rift baritefluorite-galena deposits are known, but they are included in the assessment. The most likely deposits to be discovered in the Lake Valley district are carbonate-hosted silver-manganese deposits. These deposits could be deposited by hydrothermal fluids or be related to intrusion of Oligocene rhyolite or Laramide porphyry. An aeromagnetic high south of the district probably reflects a small felsic intrusion of unknown age. We assess the Lake Valley ACEC as having low to moderate potential for undiscovered carbonate-hosted deposits associated with volcanic rocks or Laramide porphyry plutons, and low potential for gold placer and rhyolite tin deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98347","usgsCitation":"Nutt, C., O’Neill, J., McLemore, V., Lindsey, D.A., Ratte, J., Hedlund, D.C., Klein, D.P., and Kleinkopf, M.D., 1998, Geology and mineral resources of the Lake Valley area, Sierra County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-347, Report: 70 p.; 1 Plate: 34.99 x 42.51 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98347.","productDescription":"Report: 70 p.; 1 Plate: 34.99 x 42.51 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153574,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0347/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":399846,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0347/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":399847,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0347/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Sierra County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Valley area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.6381,\n 32.875\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 32.875\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 32.6928\n ],\n [\n -107.6381,\n 32.6928\n ],\n [\n -107.6381,\n 32.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b471c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nutt, C.J.","contributorId":52577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutt","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neill, J.M.","contributorId":85562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLemore, V. T.","contributorId":15225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLemore","given":"V. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ratte, J.C.","contributorId":10416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratte","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hedlund, D. C.","contributorId":101624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedlund","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Klein, D. P.","contributorId":36555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kleinkopf, M. D.","contributorId":10036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinkopf","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70022035,"text":"70022035 - 1998 - Recovery and validation of historical sediment quality data from coastal and estuarine areas: An integrated approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T11:43:51","indexId":"70022035","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery and validation of historical sediment quality data from coastal and estuarine areas: An integrated approach","docAbstract":"A comprehensive database of sediment chemistry and environmental parameters has been compiled for Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay. This work illustrates methodologies for rescuing and validating sediment data from heterogeneous historical sources. It greatly expands spatial and temporal data coverage of estuarine and coastal sediments. The database contains about 3500 samples containing inorganic chemical, organic, texture and other environmental data dating from 1955 to 1994. Cooperation with local and federal agencies as well as universities was essential in locating and screening documents for the database. More than 80% of references utilized came from sources with limited distribution (gray literature). Task sharing was facilitated by a comprehensive and clearly defined data dictionary for sediments. It also served as a data entry template and flat file format for data processing and as a basis for interpretation and graphical illustration. Standard QA/QC protocols are usually inapplicable to historical sediment data. In this work outliers and data quality problems were identified by batch screening techniques that also provide visualizations of data relationships and geochemical affinities. No data were excluded, but qualifying comments warn users of problem data. For Boston Harbor, the proportion of irreparable or seriously questioned data was remarkably small (<5%), although concentration values for metals and organic contaminants spanned 3 orders of magnitude for many elements or compounds. Data from the historical database provide alternatives to dated cores for measuring changes in surficial sediment contamination level with time. The data indicate that spatial inhomogeneity in harbor environments can be large with respect to sediment-hosted contaminants. Boston Inner Harbor surficial sediments showed decreases in concentrations of Cu, Hg, and Zn of 40 to 60% over a 17-year period.A comprehensive database of sediment chemistry and environmental parameters has been compiled for Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay. This work illustrates methodologies for rescuing and validating sediment data from heterogeneous historical sources. It greatly expands spatial and temporal data coverage of estuarine and coastal sediments. The database contains about 3500 samples containing inorganic chemical, organic, texture and other environmental data dating from 1995 to 1994. Cooperation with local and federal agencies as well as universities was essential in locating and screening documents for the database. More than 80% of references utilized came from sources with limited distribution (gray Task sharing was facilitated by a comprehensive and clearly defined data dictionary for sediments. It also served as a data entry template and flat file format for data processing and as a basis for interpretation and graphical illustration. Standard QA/QC protocols are usually inapplicable to historical sediment data. In this work outliers and data quality problems were identified by batch screening techniques that also provide visualizations of data relationships and geochemical affinities. No data were excluded, but qualifying comments warn users of problem data. For Boston Harbor, the proportion of irreparable or seriously questioned data was remarkably small (<5%), although concentration values for metals and organic contaminants spanned 3 orders of magnitude for many elements or compounds. Data from the historical database provide alternatives to dated cores for measuring changes in surficial sediment contamination level with time. The data indicate that spatial inhomogeneity in harbor environments can be large with respect to sediment-hosted contaminants. Boston Inner Harbor surficial sediments showed decreases in concentrations Cu, Hg, and Zn of 40 to 60% over a 17-year period.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry","conferenceDate":"October 5-10, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Vail, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00044-2","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., and Mecray, E., 1998, Recovery and validation of historical sediment quality data from coastal and estuarine areas: An integrated approach: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 64, no. 1-3, p. 377-393, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00044-2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"393","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479687,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.559.9084","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206602,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00044-2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.06918334960938,\n 42.22648356137063\n ],\n [\n -70.59402465820312,\n 42.22648356137063\n ],\n [\n -70.59402465820312,\n 42.56117285531808\n ],\n [\n -71.06918334960938,\n 42.56117285531808\n ],\n [\n -71.06918334960938,\n 42.22648356137063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a323e4b0e8fec6cdb777","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mecray, E.L.","contributorId":14840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mecray","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24536,"text":"ofr9876 - 1998 - Data for periphyton and water samples collected from the south Florida ecosystem, 1995 and 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T17:24:42.938633","indexId":"ofr9876","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T21:50:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-76","displayTitle":"Data for Periphyton and Water Samples Collected from the South Florida Ecosystem, 1995 and 1996","title":"Data for periphyton and water samples collected from the south Florida ecosystem, 1995 and 1996","docAbstract":"This report presents data for samples of periphyton and water collected in 1995 and 1996 from Water Conservation Areas, the Big Cypress National Preserve, and the Everglades National Park in south Florida. Periphyton samples were analyzed for concentrations of total mercury, methylmercury, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and inorganic carbon . Water-column samples collected on the same dates as the periphyton samples were analyzed for concentrations of major ions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9876","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Simon, N., Cox, T., and Spencer, R., 1998, Data for periphyton and water samples collected from the south Florida ecosystem, 1995 and 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-76, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9876.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1623,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0076/ofr199876.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1998-76"},{"id":155546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0076/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.77099609375,\n 25.085598897064752\n ],\n [\n -79.453125,\n 25.085598897064752\n ],\n [\n -79.453125,\n 27.702983735525862\n ],\n [\n -82.77099609375,\n 27.702983735525862\n ],\n [\n -82.77099609375,\n 25.085598897064752\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Multi-offset, single-hole, borehole-radar reflection surveys were conducted at the U.S. Geological Survey Fractured Rock Research Site at Mirror Lake, in Grafton County, New Hampshire. The study was conducted to evaluate the benefits of applying multi-offset seismic processing techniques to borehole-radar reflection surveys in fractured rock.
The multi-offset reflection surveys were conducted in conjunction with a saline tracer- injection experiment. During injection, a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was continuously pumped into a hydraulically conductive zone that was isolated by specially constructed, reusable, PVC straddle packers suspended from PVC casing. Eight common-offset borehole reflection profiles were collected within the PVC-sleeved portion of the borehole before and during the tracer injection. The offset between the transmitter and receiver antennas ranged from 6.4 to 9.9 m (meters). The common offset data were filtered, sorted into common distance-point (CDP) gathers, normal move-out (NMO) corrected, and stacked to produce a zero-offset borehole CDP profile.
Comparison of the common-offset and CDP profiles indicates that multi-offset data acquisition and CDP processing; (1) increases the resolution of reflectors near the borehole, (2) decreases the effects of direct wave coupling, antenna ringing, and system noise, and (3) improves the clarity of difference images used to identify the effects of saline tracer on reflections from transmissive fractures.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems","conferenceDate":"March 22-26, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","usgsCitation":"Lane, J., Haeni, F., and Roelof J. Versteeg, 1998, Use of multi-offset borehole-radar reflection method in fractured crystalline bedrock at Mirror Lake, Grafton County, New Hampshire, in Proceedings of the symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems, Chicago, IL, March 22-26, 1998, p. 359-368.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"368","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368806,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/publications/SAGEEP98_038/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Grafton County","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.70295715332031,\n 43.9407373431014\n ],\n [\n -71.68905258178711,\n 43.9407373431014\n ],\n [\n -71.68905258178711,\n 43.94963631866725\n ],\n [\n -71.70295715332031,\n 43.94963631866725\n ],\n [\n -71.70295715332031,\n 43.9407373431014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":210076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roelof J. Versteeg","contributorId":199895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roelof J. Versteeg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197508,"text":"70197508 - 1998 - Development of a technically consistent, qualified lithostratigraphic data base for the Yucca Mountain Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T17:24:03.417232","indexId":"70197508","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of a technically consistent, qualified lithostratigraphic data base for the Yucca Mountain Project","docAbstract":"Studies of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, as a potential geologic nuclear-waste repository began in the late 1970s and continued to 1988 when the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission determined that the quality assurance (QA) programs in place were not adequate and demanded restructuring to a new QA program. The new QA program was accepted in 1989, but many activities did not resume until new procedures were in place, until the early 1990s. These two generations of QA programs have resulted in a highly convoluted assignment of qualified (Q)-status for much of the data related to boreholes. In the simplest case, any data that came from boreholes drilled before 1989 had been assigned non-qualified (non-Q) status, and all post1989 boreholes (none of which were drilled until 1991) have been assigned Q status. This pre- and post1989 distinction in Q status of borehole data has meant that lithostratigraphic descriptions and contacts from the pre-1989 boreholes have been classed as non-Q, and any models' that used these data also carried the non-Q status (R.W. Clayton, W.P. Zelinski, and C.A. Rautman, TRW Environmental Safety Systems, Inc., written commun., 1997). This Q-status barrier has also limited the amount of lithostratigraphic work done on the pre-1989 boreholes because of the drive to produce Q-status descriptive reports that contain only Q-status data. A parallel and critical concern that arises from such a long history of data collection is the consistent identification of lithostratigraphic units. In the spring of 1996, an intensive effort began to reexamine 11 lithostratigraphic contacts in boreholes. This work was expanded in 1997 to include as many as 50 lithostratigraphic contacts in 80 boreholes. All this work has been done under the post-1989 QA program and emphasizes technically consistent contacts and the Q-status of each contact rather than carteblanche assignment by borehole.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceLocation":"Le Grange Park, Illinois","language":"English","publisher":"American Nuclear Society","usgsCitation":"Buesch, D.C., Spengler, R., Witkowski, M., and Keller, S., 1998, Development of a technically consistent, qualified lithostratigraphic data base for the Yucca Mountain Project, in International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, Le Grange Park, Illinois, p. 191-193.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"193","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98de3be4b0702d0e8485bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buesch, David C. 0000-0002-4978-5027 dbuesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":1154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"David","email":"dbuesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spengler, R.W.","contributorId":7281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spengler","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witkowski, M.S.","contributorId":205492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Witkowski","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keller, S.M.","contributorId":81512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":27876,"text":"wri984182 - 1998 - Continuous hydrologic simulation of runoff for the Middle Fork and South Fork of the Beargrass Creek basin in Jefferson County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T19:36:43.874324","indexId":"wri984182","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4182","title":"Continuous hydrologic simulation of runoff for the Middle Fork and South Fork of the Beargrass Creek basin in Jefferson County, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The Hydrological Simulation Pro-gram-FORTRAN (HSPF) was applied to an urban drainage basin in Jefferson County, Ky to integrate the large amounts of information being collected on water quantity and quality into an analytical framework that could be used as a management and planning tool. Hydrologic response units were developed using geographic data and a K-means analysis to characterize important hydrologic and physical factors in the basin. The Hydrological Simulation Program FORTRAN Expert System (HSPEXP) was used to calibrate the model parameters for the Middle Fork Beargrass Creek Basin for 3 years (June 1, 1991, to May 31, 1994) of 5-minute streamflow and precipitation time series, and 3 years of hourly pan-evaporation time series. The calibrated model parameters were applied to the South Fork Beargrass Creek Basin for confirmation. The model confirmation results indicated that the model simulated the system within acceptable tolerances. The coefficient of determination and coefficient of model-fit efficiency between simulated and observed daily flows were 0.91 and 0.82, respectively, for model calibration and 0.88 and 0.77, respectively, for model confirmation. The model is most sensitive to estimates of the area of effective impervious land in the basin; the spatial distribution of rain-fall; and the lower-zone evapotranspiration, lower-zone nominal storage, and infiltration-capacity parameters during recession and low-flow periods. The error contribution from these sources varies with season and antecedent conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984182","usgsCitation":"Jarrett, G.L., Downs, A.C., and Grace-Jarrett, P.A., 1998, Continuous hydrologic simulation of runoff for the Middle Fork and South Fork of the Beargrass Creek basin in Jefferson County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4182, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984182.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158897,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415458,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49024.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2174,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri984182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Middle Fork and South Fork of the Beargrass Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.75,\n 38.2833\n ],\n [\n -85.75,\n 38.1833\n ],\n [\n -85.5292,\n 38.1833\n ],\n [\n -85.5292,\n 38.2833\n ],\n [\n -85.75,\n 38.2833\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691f6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarrett, G. 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These data, accumulated over many years, provide a data base for developing an improved understanding of the water quality of lakes. To make these data available to interested parties outside the USGS, the data are published annually in this report series. The location of water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin for water year 1997 are shown in figure 1. A water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30. It is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. Thus, the period October 1, 1996 through September 30, 1997 is called 'water year 1997'. The purpose of this report is to provide information about the physical and chemical characteristics of Wisconsin lakes. Data that have been collected at specific lakes, and information to aid in the interpretation of those data, are included in this report. Data collected include measurements of lake stage and in-lake water quality. Graphs of Secchi depths, surface total-phosphorus and chlorophyll-a concentrations versus time are usually included for lakes with two or more years of data. Graphs of vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance are included for sites where these parameters were measured. Descriptive information for each lake includes: location of the lake, area of the lake's watershed, period for which data are available, revisions to previously published records, and pertinent remarks. Additional data, such as streamflow and water quality in tributary and outlet streams of some of the lakes, are published in another volume: 'Water Resources Data-Wisconsin, 1997'.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9878W","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Wisconsin and local agencies","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Elder, J.F., Garn, H., Goodard, G., Marsh, S., Olson, D., and Rose, W.J., 1998, Water-quality and lake-stage data for Wisconsin lakes, water year 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-78, vi, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9878W.","productDescription":"vi, 129 p.","numberOfPages":"135","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1996-10-01","temporalEnd":"1997-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fce41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elder, J. F.","contributorId":54143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garn, H.S.","contributorId":42601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garn","given":"H.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodard, G.L.","contributorId":72882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodard","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marsh, S.B.","contributorId":105329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olson, D.L.","contributorId":34943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rose, W. J.","contributorId":14433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189544,"text":"70189544 - 1998 - Ground-water age and atmospheric tracers: Simulation studies and analysis of field data from the Mirror Lake site, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-15T14:31:05","indexId":"70189544","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Ground-water age and atmospheric tracers: Simulation studies and analysis of field data from the Mirror Lake site, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The use of environmental tracers in characterization of ground-water systems is investigated through mathematical modeling of ground-water age and atmospheric tracer transport, and by a field study at the Mirror Lake site, New Hampshire. Theory is presented for modeling ground-water age using the advective-dispersive transport equation. The transport equation includes a zero-order source of unit strength, corresponding to the rate of aging, and can accommodate matrix diffusion and other exchange processes. The effect of temperature fluctuations and layered soils on transport of atmospheric gases to the water table is investigated using a one-dimensional numerical model of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC-11) transport. The nonlinear relation between temperature and Henry's Law coefficient (reflecting air/water phase partitioning) can cause the apparent recharge temperature to be elevated above the annual mean temperature where the water table is shallow. In addition, fine-grained soils can isolate the air phase in the unsaturated zone from the atmosphere. At the USGS' Mirror Lake, New Hampshire fractured-rock research site CFC concentrations near the water table are depleted where dissolved oxygen is low. CFC-11 and CFC-113 are completely absent under anaerobic conditions, while CFC-12 is as low as one-third of modern concentrations. Anaerobic biodegradation apparently consumes CFC's near the water table at this site. One area of active degradation appears to be associated with streamflow loss to ground water. Soil gas concentrations are generally close to atmospheric levels, although some spatial correlation is observed between depleted concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-113 in soil gas and water-table samples. Results of unsaturated-zone monitoring indicate that recharge occurs throughout the year in the watershed, even during summer evapotranspiration periods, and that seasonal temperature fluctuations occur as much as 5 meters below land surface. Application of ground-water age and CFC-11 transport models to the large-scale ground-water system at Mirror Lake illustrates the similarities between age and chemical transport. Generally, bedrock porosities required to match observed apparent ages from CFC concentrations are high relative to porosities measured on cores. Although matrix diffusion has no effect on steady-state age, it can significantly reduce CFC concentrations in fractured rock in which the effective porosity is low.
","language":"English","publisher":"Princeton University","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., 1998, Ground-water age and atmospheric tracers: Simulation studies and analysis of field data from the Mirror Lake site, New Hampshire, xviii, 194 p.","productDescription":"xviii, 194 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.69662714004517,\n 43.9407373431014\n ],\n [\n -71.68843030929565,\n 43.9407373431014\n ],\n [\n -71.68843030929565,\n 43.94684008272965\n ],\n [\n -71.69662714004517,\n 43.94684008272965\n ],\n [\n -71.69662714004517,\n 43.9407373431014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596dcca7e4b0d1f9f0627588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70181788,"text":"70181788 - 1998 - Loose-coupling a cellular automaton model and GIS: Long-term urban growth prediction for San Francisco and Washington/Baltimore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T11:29:04","indexId":"70181788","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2046,"text":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loose-coupling a cellular automaton model and GIS: Long-term urban growth prediction for San Francisco and Washington/Baltimore","docAbstract":"Prior research developed a cellular automaton model, that was calibrated by using historical digital maps of urban areas and can be used to predict the future extent of an urban area. The model has now been applied to two rapidly growing, but remarkably different urban areas: the San Francisco Bay region in California and the Washington/Baltimore corridor in the Eastern United States. This paper presents the calibration and prediction results for both regions, reviews their data requirements, compares the differences in the initial configurations and control parameters for the model in the two settings, and discusses the role of GIS in the applications. The model has generated some long term predictions that appear useful for urban planning and are consistent with results from other models and observations of growth. Although the GIS was only loosely coupled with the model, the model's provision of future urban patterns as data layers for GIS description and analysis is an important outcome of this type of calculation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/136588198241617","usgsCitation":"Clarke, K., and Gaydos, L., 1998, Loose-coupling a cellular automaton model and GIS: Long-term urban growth prediction for San Francisco and Washington/Baltimore: International Journal of Geographical Information Science, v. 12, no. 7, p. 699-714, https://doi.org/10.1080/136588198241617.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"714","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Maryland","city":"Baltimore, San Francisco, Washington D.C.","volume":"12","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a4253be4b0c825128ad47e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, Keith","contributorId":13861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaydos, Leonard","contributorId":79888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223315,"text":"5223315 - 1998 - Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T15:56:58.979458","indexId":"5223315","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures","docAbstract":"The tiger (Panthera tigris) is an endangered, large felid whose demographic status is poorly known across its distributional range in Asia. Previously applied methods for estimating tiger abundance, using total counts based on tracks, have proved unreliable. Lack of reliable data on tiger densities not only has constrained our ability to understand the ecological factors shaping communities of large, solitary felids, but also has undermined the effective conservation of these animals. In this paper, we describe the use of a field method proposed by Karanth (1995), which combines camera-trap photography, to identify individual tigers, with theoretically well-founded capture–recapture models. We developed a sampling design for camera-trapping and used the approach to estimate tiger population size and density in four representative tiger habitats in different parts of India. The field method worked well and provided data suitable for analysis using closed capture–recapture models. The results suggest the potential for applying this methodology to rigorously estimate abundances, survival rates, and other population parameters for tigers and other low-density, secretive animal species in which individuals can be identified based on natural markings.
Estimated probabilities of photo-capturing tigers present in the study sites ranged from 0.75 to 1.00. Estimated densities of tigers >1 yr old ranged from 4.1 ± 1.31 to 16.8 ± 2.96 tigers/100 km2 (mean ± 1 se). Simultaneously, we used line-transect sampling to determine that mean densities of principal tiger prey at these sites ranged from 56.1 to 63.8 ungulates/km2. Tiger densities appear to be positively associated with prey densities, except at one site influenced by tiger poaching. Our results generally support the prediction that relative abundances of large felid species may be governed primarily by the abundance and structure of their prey communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Karanth, K.U., and Nichols, J.D., 1998, Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures: Ecology, v. 79, no. 8, p. 2852-2862, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2852","endPage":"2862","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","otherGeospatial":"National Parks of Pench, Kanha, Kaziranga, and Nagarahole","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 79.15,\n 21.85\n ],\n [\n 79.15,\n 21.633333\n ],\n [\n 79.366667,\n 21.633333\n ],\n [\n 79.366667,\n 21.85\n ],\n [\n 79.15,\n 21.85\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 80.47335851027304,\n 22.406860446581604\n ],\n [\n 80.47335851027304,\n 22.147194265273683\n ],\n [\n 80.76169250662917,\n 22.147194265273683\n ],\n [\n 80.76169250662917,\n 22.406860446581604\n ],\n [\n 80.47335851027304,\n 22.406860446581604\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 76,\n 12.25\n ],\n [\n 76,\n 11.85\n ],\n [\n 76.25,\n 11.85\n ],\n [\n 76.25,\n 12.25\n ],\n [\n 76,\n 12.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 93.667,\n 26.75\n ],\n [\n 93.1,\n 26.75\n ],\n [\n 93.1,\n 26.58\n ],\n [\n 93.667,\n 26.58\n ],\n [\n 93.667,\n 26.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb1fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karanth, K. Ullas","contributorId":6984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ullas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223453,"text":"5223453 - 1998 - Are adult nonbreeders prudent parents? The kittiwake model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T16:01:04.326204","indexId":"5223453","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are adult nonbreeders prudent parents? The kittiwake model","docAbstract":"Understanding evolutionary consequences of intermittent breeding (nonbreeding in individuals that previously bred) requires investigation of the relationships between adult breeding state and two demographic parameters: survival probability and subsequent breeding probability. One major difficulty raised by comparing the demographic features of breeders and nonbreeders as estimated from capture–recapture data is that breeding state is often suspected to influence recapture or resighting probability. We used multistate capture–recapture models to test the hypothesis of equal recapture probabilities for breeding and nonbreeding Kittiwakes and found no evidence of an effect of breeding state on this parameter. The same method was used to test whether reproductive state affects survival probability. Nonbreeding individuals have lower survival rates than breeders. Moreover, nonbreeders have a higher probability of being nonbreeders the following year than do breeders. State-specific survival rates and transition probabilities vary from year to year, but temporal variations of survival and transition probabilities of breeders and nonbreeders are in parallel (on a logit scale). These inferences led us to conclude that nonbreeders tend to be lower quality individuals. The effect of sex was also investigated: males and females do not differ with respect to survival probabilities when reproductive state is taken into account. Similarly, there is no effect of sex on transition probabilities between reproductive states.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2917:AANPPT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cam, E., Hines, J.E., Monnat, J.#., Nichols, J.D., and Danchin, E., 1998, Are adult nonbreeders prudent parents? The kittiwake model: Ecology, v. 79, no. 8, p. 2917-2930, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2917:AANPPT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2917","endPage":"2930","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e488ae4b07f02db51c2ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cam, Emmanuelle","contributorId":78069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cam","given":"Emmanuelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monnat, J. #NAME?","contributorId":33019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monnat","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Danchin, Etienne","contributorId":69034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danchin","given":"Etienne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":24538,"text":"ofr98207 - 1998 - A simplified economic filter for open-pit gold-silver mining in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-08T15:19:31.642419","indexId":"ofr98207","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-207","title":"A simplified economic filter for open-pit gold-silver mining in the United States","docAbstract":"In resource assessments of undiscovered mineral deposits and in the early stages of exploration, including planning, a need for prefeasibility cost models exists. In exploration, these models to filter economic from uneconomic deposits help to focus on targets that can really benefit the exploration enterprise. In resource assessment, these models can be used to eliminate deposits that would probably be uneconomic even if discovered. The U. S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) previously developed simplified cost models for such problems (Camm, 1991). These cost models estimate operating and capital expenditures for a mineral deposit given its tonnage, grade, and depth. These cost models were also incorporated in USBM prefeasibility software (Smith, 1991).
\nBecause the cost data used to estimate operating and capital costs in these models are now over ten years old, we decided that it was necessary to test these equations with more current data. We limited this study to open-pit gold-silver mines located in the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98207","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., Menzie, W.D., and Long, K.R., 1998, A simplified economic filter for open-pit gold-silver mining in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-207, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98207.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284316,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr98207.jpg"},{"id":53586,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0207/pdf/OFR98-207.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1624,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0207/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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David","contributorId":15645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":192107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, Keith R. 0000-0002-6457-2820 klong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6457-2820","contributorId":2279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Keith","email":"klong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23275,"text":"ofr98224C - 1998 - Selected geochemical data for the Dillon BLM Resource Area, including the Virginia City mining district, Madison and Beaverhead Counties, southwest Montana : mineral-resource and mineral-environmental considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:35:28","indexId":"ofr98224C","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-224","chapter":"C","title":"Selected geochemical data for the Dillon BLM Resource Area, including the Virginia City mining district, Madison and Beaverhead Counties, southwest Montana : mineral-resource and mineral-environmental considerations","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98224C","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hammarstrom, J.M., and Van Gosen, B.S., 1998, Selected geochemical data for the Dillon BLM Resource Area, including the Virginia City mining district, Madison and Beaverhead Counties, southwest Montana : mineral-resource and mineral-environmental considerations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-224, ii, 106 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98224C.","productDescription":"ii, 106 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0224c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52562,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0224c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane Marie","contributorId":65520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24851,"text":"ofr9821 - 1998 - Streamflow statistics of selected streams in the lower Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, and Manitoba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T12:12:41","indexId":"ofr9821","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-21","title":"Streamflow statistics of selected streams in the lower Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, and Manitoba","docAbstract":"Statistical summaries of streamflow data through water year 1994 for selected active and discontinued U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations for the Red River of the North Basin downstream of Halstad, Minnesota, to and including Emerson, Manitoba, are presented in this report. The summaries for each streamflow-gaging station include (1) station description, (2) graph of the annual mean discharge for the period of record, (3) statistics of monthly and annual mean discharges, (4) graph of the annual flow duration, (5) monthly and annual flow duration, (6) probability of occurrence of annual high discharges, (7) probability of occurrence of annual low discharges, (8) probability of occurrence of seasonal low discharges, (9) annual peak discharge and corresponding gage height for the period of record, and (10) monthly and annual mean discharges for the period of record.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9821","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Williams-Sether, T., and Wiche, G.J., 1998, Streamflow statistics of selected streams in the lower Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, and Manitoba: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-21, vi, 407 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9821.","productDescription":"vi, 407 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0021/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53849,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams-Sether, Tara 0000-0001-6515-9416 tjsether@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-9416","contributorId":152247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams-Sether","given":"Tara","email":"tjsether@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22906,"text":"ofr97666 - 1998 - Summary of pesticide data from streams and wells in the Potomac River Basin, 1993-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:03","indexId":"ofr97666","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-666","title":"Summary of pesticide data from streams and wells in the Potomac River Basin, 1993-96","docAbstract":"Eighty-five water-soluble pesticides and pesticide degradation products were analyzed in 384 surface-water and ground-water samples collected from the Potomac River Basin during March 1993 through September 1996. Thirty-nine of these compounds were detected in surface-water samples and 16 were detected in ground-water samples. At least one pesticide was detected in 86 percent of the streams sampled and 45 percent of the wells sampled. Pesticides were detected more frequently and at higher concentrations in surface water than in ground water. The following four herbicides and one degradation product were the most frequently detected pesticides in both surface water and ground water: atrazine and metolachlor, which are used primarily on corn and soybean crops; prometon, which is used primarily in nonagricultural (urban and suburban) areas; simazine, which is used in both agricultural and nonagricultural areas, and desethylatrazine, which is one of the degradation products of atrazine. Insecticides were detected more frequently in surface water than in ground water. Diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and gamma-HCH (Undone) were found in more than 10 percent of surface-water samples, but in none of the ground-water samples.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97666","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Donnelly, C.A., and Ferrari, M., 1998, Summary of pesticide data from streams and wells in the Potomac River Basin, 1993-96: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-666, 8 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97666.","productDescription":"8 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1364,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://md.water.usgs.gov/publications/ofr-97-666/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0666/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52311,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0666/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6990d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donnelly, Colleen A.","contributorId":62240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrari, Matthew J.","contributorId":67082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrari","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21910,"text":"ofr98132 - 1998 - The last interglaciation at Owens Lake, California; Core OL-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T11:47:26","indexId":"ofr98132","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-132","title":"The last interglaciation at Owens Lake, California; Core OL-92","docAbstract":"Owens Lake, located at the eastern base of the central Sierra Nevada (Fig. 1), was the terminus of the Owens River prior to the lake's complete desiccation shortly after 1913 due to river diversion by the City of Los Angeles. During earlier wetter cycles, the lake overflowed to fill a series of downstream basins including China Lake Basin, Searles Valley, Panamint Valley, and ultimately, Death Valley (Smith and Street-Perrott, 1983). In 1992 the U.S. Geological Survey drilled a 323-m-deep core (OL-92) into Owens Lake sediments near the depocenter of the basin to obtain a continuous record of silty-clay sediment spanning the last 800,000 yrs. A multi-parameter reconnaissance study of the entire core (ca 7000-yr resolution), was reported in a 13-chapter summary volume (Smith and Bischoff, 1997). A document containing the numerical and other detailed forms of raw data collected by that volume's authors was prepared earlier (Smith and Bischoff, 1993). The reconnaissance study provided an approximate time-depth model for the entire core, based on radiocarbon dates from the top 31m, the Bishop Ash (759,000 yrs) at 304 m, ten within-Brunhes paleomagnetic excursions, and a compaction-corrected mass-accumulation rate of 51.4 g/cm/l000yr (Bischoff et al., 1997a). Application of this model to observed sediment parameters indicates that Owens Lake was saline, alkaline, and biologically productive at times of decreased water-flow, and was generally hydrologically flushed and relatively unproductive during times of increased water-flow. Grain size, abundance of CaCO3, organic carbon, clay mineralogy, cation-exchange capacity of the clay fraction, fossil pollen, fish, ostracodes, and diatoms (see summary by Smith et al., 1997) all show cyclic variation down the core. CaCO3 abundance, in particular, strongly reflects an approximately 100 ka dominant cycle, characteristic of global ice-volume indicated by the MIS δ18O record. Four of the last five marine isotope terminations are clearly shown in the OL-92 record.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98132","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"1998, The last interglaciation at Owens Lake, California; Core OL-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-132, 186 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98132.","productDescription":"186 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":51394,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0132/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64b08d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":726167,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22584,"text":"ofr9877 - 1998 - Assemblages of fishes and their associations with environmental variables, lower San Joaquin River drainage, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:57","indexId":"ofr9877","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-77","title":"Assemblages of fishes and their associations with environmental variables, lower San Joaquin River drainage, California","docAbstract":"Twenty sites in the lower San Joaquin River drainage, California, were sampled from 1993 to 1995 to characterize fish assemblages and their associations with measures of water quality and habitat quality. In addition, four fish community metrics were assessed, including percentages of native fish, omnivorous fish, fish intolerant of environmental degradation, and fish with external anomalies. Of the 31 taxa of fish captured during the study, only 10 taxa were native to the drainage. Multivariate analyses of percentage data identified four site groups characterized by characterized by different groups of species. The distributions of fish species were related to specific conductance, gradient, and mean depth; however, specific conductance acted as a surrogate variable for a large group of correlated variables. Two of the fish community metrics--percentage of introduced fish and percentage of intolerant fish--appeared to be responsive to environmental quality but the responses of the other two metrics--percentage of omnivorous fish and percentage of fish with anomalies--were less direct. The conclusion of the study is that fish assemblages are responsive to environmental conditions, including conditions associated with human-caused disturbances, particularly agriculture and water development. The results suggest that changes in water management and water quality could result in changes in species distributions. Balancing the costs and benefits of such changes poses a considerable challenge to resource managers. different groups of species.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9877","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., 1998, Assemblages of fishes and their associations with environmental variables, lower San Joaquin River drainage, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-77, vi, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9877.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0077/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52063,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21854,"text":"ofr98147 - 1998 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Summary 92. Part 1, seismic data, January to December 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T20:17:20.276563","indexId":"ofr98147","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-147","title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Summary 92. Part 1, seismic data, January to December 1992","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98147","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Nakata, J.S., Tomori, A., Tanigawa, W.R., Okubo, P.G., Mattox, T.N., Heliker, C., Mangan, M.T., and Keszthelyi, L.P., 1998, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Summary 92. Part 1, seismic data, January to December 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-147, i, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98147.","productDescription":"i, 70 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391357,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19425.htm"},{"id":51334,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0147/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0147/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.417,\n 19.217\n ],\n [\n -154.933,\n 19.217\n ],\n [\n -154.933,\n 19.55\n ],\n [\n -155.417,\n 19.55\n ],\n [\n -155.417,\n 19.217\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f1d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakata, J. S.","contributorId":23940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakata","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomori, A. H.","contributorId":24780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomori","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanigawa, W. R.","contributorId":12849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanigawa","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mattox, T. N.","contributorId":55450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattox","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heliker, C. C.","contributorId":70753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mangan, M. T.","contributorId":10438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Keszthelyi, L. P.","contributorId":9291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":22971,"text":"ofr98225 - 1998 - An analysis of crosswell radar data collected during an experimental gasoline spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:04","indexId":"ofr98225","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-225","title":"An analysis of crosswell radar data collected during an experimental gasoline spill","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98225","issn":"0094-9140","isbn":"0607904755","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K., 1998, An analysis of crosswell radar data collected during an experimental gasoline spill: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-225, 1 computer laser optical disc :ill. (some col.) ;4 3/4 in., in plastic box (13 x 15 x 1 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98225.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc :ill. (some col.) ;4 3/4 in., in plastic box (13 x 15 x 1 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, K.J. 0000-0003-3075-4703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":12061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22042,"text":"ofr98210 - 1998 - Preliminary lithostratigraphy, interpreted geophysical logs and hydrogeologic characteristics of the 98th Street core hole, Albuquerque, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T10:24:02","indexId":"ofr98210","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-210","title":"Preliminary lithostratigraphy, interpreted geophysical logs and hydrogeologic characteristics of the 98th Street core hole, Albuquerque, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Core samples, cuttings, and numerous geophysical logs obtained from the 1560 ft (475.5 m) core hole drilled at 98th Street on the west side of Albuquerque provide key stratigraphic and hydraulicproperty information for the upper clastic sediments of the Santa Fe Group, which form the principal aquifer in the region. The core hole and an adjacent water-level monitoring well were drilled cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the City of Albuquerque and investigated in collaboration with the New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources and the New Mexico Office of the State Engineer to improve understanding of aquifer characteristics and controls on ground-water availability and quality. The 751.5 ft (229 m) of core samples recovered from the core hole are the only undisturbed samples of nonlithified sediments of the upper part of the Santa Fe Group that have been collected in this area. These samples have allowed us, for the first time, to directly observe and characterize the lithic and sedimentologic features of this part of the section, and to correlate the detailed geologic features with geophysical-log characteristics, magnetic susceptibility measurements, hydraulic variables, and trace-element geochemistry. The adjacent well was designed to be an areally representative ground-water level and water-quality monitoring well for the Santa Fe Group aquifer. This report chiefly addresses the lithologic, stratigraphic, and hydrogeologic features determined from the 98th Street core hole; other reports address related characteristics.
Previous geologic studies predicted the stratigraphy at the site to be, from the land surface downward: 1) Quaternary alluvial and eolian valley-border sediments; 2) fluvial sand and gravel of the upper unit of the Santa Fe Group (Ceja Member of the Santa Fe Formation of Kelly, 1978; equivalent to the Sierra Ledrones Formation of Machette (1978a); 3) downward-fining basin-floor silty clay deposits and 4) fluvial sandy and silty facies of the middle unit of the Santa Fe Group (the Middle Red Member of Bryan and McCann, 1937, and Lambert, 1968). New geologic interpretations indicate that the drill site is in a fault block bounded by east-dipping normal faults and the oblique Atrisco-Rincon fault zone.
Core-hole sampling recovered 760.6 ft (231.8 m) of core, in core segments 2.1-2.375 in. (5.3-6 cm) in diameter, and 0.2-10 ft (6.1 cm-3 m) long. The core hole was cased with centered 3-in. PVC casing, and is available for geophysical logging. The monitoring-well hole contains four piezometers at depths of 1544 ft (470.6 m), 1112 ft (338.9 m), 749 ft (228.3 m), and 458 ft (139.6 m).
Sediments in the core are loose to weakly cemented gravel, sand, silt, and clay, and lithified sandstone. Laboratory analyses of particle-size distributions of 28 channel samples show that most silty sand samples are uniformly graded and poorly sorted; medium sand samples are moderately sorted. Six principal sediment types are used to describe the core; these sediment types are repeated in various combinations throughout the core and are used to define 22 lithologic units in the cored interval. The six principal sediment types contain sequences of beds having similar modal grain size and sedimentary structure, and are listed in decreasing abundance:
1) Silty fine sand, poorly sorted, containing a coarse silt matrix. Geophysical logs show highly variable baselines with deflections that are related to clay beds and sequences of silt, clay, and sorted fine sand. Density values of 2.12-2.25 g/cc and porosity values of 30-35 percent are typical.
2) Medium sand, moderately to poorly sorted. Geophysical logs show baselines of low variability with deflections that are related to clay beds and sequences of silt, clay, and sorted fine sand. Density values of 2.05-2.20 g/cc and porosity values of 30-35 percent are typical.
3) Clayey sandy silt, poorly sorted, locally microlaminated clay and silt, generally nonplastic. Geophysical logs show highly variable baselines with deflections that are related to sequences of clay and fine sand. Density values of 2.1-2.2 g/cc and porosity values of 30-40 percent are typical.
4) Silt and clay, characteristically red to reddish brown and medium to high plasticity, massive to indistinctly microlaminated. Geophysical logs show variable baselines with broad, high-amplitude compound spikes that are related to sequences of silt and fine sand. Density values of 2.12-2.25 g/cc and porosity values of >45 percent are typical.
5) Sand and gravel, poorly sorted. Geophysical logs show variable baselines with deflections that are related to sequences of silty and sorted fine sand.
6) Sandstone, fine-to-medium grained, poorly sorted, cemented chiefly by calcite, which fills the original pore space. Geophysical logs show density values >2.25 g/cc and porosity values <30 percent.
The 22 lithologic units are correlated with recognized basin-floor fluvial lithofacies (Hawley, 1996), which include sand and gravel (lithofacies I), sand with lenses of pebbly sand, silt, and silty clay (lithofacies II), and interbedded sand, silt, and silty clay (modified lithofacies III, IV, IX).
The sediments in the core hole are correlated with three informal lithostratigraphic units. The top unit, 0-19 ft (0-5.8 m) depth, consists of Quaternary eolian sand and valley-border alluvium. Coarsegrained deposits in the 19-97 ft (5.8-29.6 m) interval are correlated with the upper unit of the Santa Fe Group. The fine-grained section in the 97-787 ft (29.6-239.9 m) interval is correlated tentatively with the middle unit of the Santa Fe Group. This section contains thick sequences of laminated red and olivebrown clay and silt overbank deposits (441-787 ft) in the distinctive Atrisco member of Connell and others (1998). The Atrisco is correlated with fine-grained zones in numerous wells throughout the central Albuquerque metropolitan area, and is recognized as a zone that separates the upper Santa Fe aquifer from underlying middle Santa Fe deposits. The lower section of the middle unit of the Santa Fe, 787-1500 ft (239.9-457.2 m) depth, includes an upper sequence of moderately sorted channel-fill medium sand, and a lower sequence of sand, silt, and clay overbank deposits. The age of the cored interval is not known precisely. The upper Santa Fe gravel is related regionally to a through-flowing river system that was established in the Rio Grande rift valleys in Early Pliocene time, >4.5 MA. The middle Santa Fe unit is dated tentatively by correlation with a fossiliferous section, in which sandy beds that directly underlie the upper Santa Fe are Late Miocene (Hemphellian), 4.6- 8.9 MA. Further, the middle Santa Fe unit, with dominantly normal magnetic polarity, may have been deposited during closely spaced normal magnetic chrons 5.9-8.3 Ma.
Four hydrostratigraphic units summarize the hydrogeologic framework for the 98th Street site: 1) Quaternary valley-border deposits, 2) upper Santa Fe sand and gravel deposits, 3) middle Santa Fe overbank deposits, and 4) middle Santa Fe channel-sand deposits. Empirical values of horizontal hydraulic conductivity estimated from core samples reveal a previously unknown contrast in hydraulic conductivity in the lowest two hydrostratigraphic units. Correlations among numerous wells show that the distinctively fine-grained Atrisco member, with estimated hydraulic conductivities (K) of <0.02-17 ft/day, is a laterally extensive barrier to vertical ground-water flow. The underlying unit that contains moderately sorted medium sand is a potential aquifer production zone that should be investigated further.
Laboratory determination of vertical hydraulic conductivity values for fine-grained core samples range from 10-2 to 10-7 ft/day; recompacted sandy samples have K values of 1 to 10-2 ft/day. Results of tests conducted with increasing effective stress show that K values of all samples decrease with decreasing porosity. Comparison of K values from laboratory, empirical, and calculated geophysical values shows discrepancies of 1-3 orders of magnitude (ft/day), indicating that additional analyses of core samples and geophysical data are necessary for future characterization of the Santa Fe Group aquifer.
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