{"pageNumber":"1222","pageRowStart":"30525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165242,"records":[{"id":70118922,"text":"tm15 - 2015 - Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70103868,"text":"tm15A1 - 2015 - Introduction","indexId":"tm15A1","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Introduction"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118922,"text":"tm15 - 2015 - Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","indexId":"tm15","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70123408,"text":"tm15B3 - 2015 - Mortality investigation","indexId":"tm15B3","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Mortality investigation"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118922,"text":"tm15 - 2015 - Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","indexId":"tm15","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70123417,"text":"tm15C4 - 2015 - Wildlife specimen collection, preservation, and shipment","indexId":"tm15C4","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Wildlife specimen collection, preservation, and shipment"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118922,"text":"tm15 - 2015 - Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","indexId":"tm15","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":70133370,"text":"tm15C7 - 2015 - Special considerations for specimen collections that may be involved in law enforcement cases","indexId":"tm15C7","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Special considerations for specimen collections that may be involved in law enforcement cases"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118922,"text":"tm15 - 2015 - Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","indexId":"tm15","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":70155935,"text":"tm15C9 - 2015 - Information resources","indexId":"tm15C9","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Information resources"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118922,"text":"tm15 - 2015 - Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","indexId":"tm15","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":70171091,"text":"tm15C3 - 2016 - Recording and submitting specimen history data","indexId":"tm15C3","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"title":"Recording and submitting specimen history data"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118922,"text":"tm15 - 2015 - Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","indexId":"tm15","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":70204775,"text":"tm15C8 - 2020 - Human dimensions considerations in wildlife disease management","indexId":"tm15C8","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Human Dimensions Considerations in Wildlife Disease Management","title":"Human dimensions considerations in wildlife disease management"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118922,"text":"tm15 - 2015 - Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","indexId":"tm15","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases"},"id":7},{"subject":{"id":70210424,"text":"tm15C2 - 2020 - Safe work practices for working with wildlife","indexId":"tm15C2","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Safe Work Practices for Working with Wildlife","title":"Safe work practices for working with wildlife"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118922,"text":"tm15 - 2015 - Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","indexId":"tm15","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases"},"id":8},{"subject":{"id":70246571,"text":"tm15E1 - 2023 - White-Nose Syndrome Diagnostic Laboratory Network handbook","indexId":"tm15E1","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"White-Nose Syndrome Diagnostic Laboratory Network Handbook","title":"White-Nose Syndrome Diagnostic Laboratory Network handbook"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118922,"text":"tm15 - 2015 - Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","indexId":"tm15","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases"},"id":9}],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-01T16:48:25","indexId":"tm15","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-27T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"15","title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","docAbstract":"Welcome to a new version of the “Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases.” Unlike the previous printed versions of this publication, this new version is being developed as a “living“ electronic publication. Content will periodically be added and (or) updated as warranted, and it will always be reviewed by scientific experts (“peer reviewed”) before it is released. Thus, this publication will never be completed, and readers should download revised versions of specific chapters, glossaries, and the appendixes whenever they visit the publication Web site.
\nThe purpose of this manual is to provide information that will enhance the ecological understanding and comfort level of nonspecialists so that they can address various aspects of wildlife disease within the context of wildlife conservation and management. Other readers, from students to science professionals, may also find the information presented to be of interest and value. Constructive suggestions from readers will help guide adjustments as this project progresses.
\nWe begin this new manual with introductory contextual and historical background about the convergence of wildlife disease with wildlife management as a wildlife conservation concern (section A, chap. 1). The remainder of the publication is focused on pragmatic information and considerations for addressing various aspects of wildlife disease. Section B focuses on concepts associated with disease surveillance and response to outbreaks, and section C deals with specific techniques for disease surveillance and investigation. Section D, “Diseases of Wild Birds,” and others that follow will address diseases of concern in various species groups. Electronic links facilitate timely access to a wide variety of supplemental information and processes relevant to content in this new version of the “Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases.”
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm15","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Park Service","usgsCitation":"2015, Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 15, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm15.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057321","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297576,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm15.jpg"},{"id":297575,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/tm15_species-names.pdf","text":"List of Common and Scientific Names of Species Referred to in Techniques and Methods Book 15","size":"78.3 KB"},{"id":297574,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/pdf/tm15.pdf","text":"Foreword and Preface","size":"736 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297573,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a77e4b08de9379b3082","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539347,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friend, Milton 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":31332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"Milton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539348,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibbs, Samantha E.J.","contributorId":127739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Samantha E.J.","affiliations":[{"id":7128,"text":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539349,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wild, Margaret A.","contributorId":26976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wild","given":"Margaret A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539350,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70138827,"text":"sir20145226 - 2015 - Hydrologic record extension of water-level data in the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN), 1991-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:16:53","indexId":"sir20145226","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-27T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5226","title":"Hydrologic record extension of water-level data in the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN), 1991-99","docAbstract":"The real-time Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) has been established to support a variety of scientific and water management purposes. The expansiveness of the Everglades, limited number of gaging stations, and extreme sensitivity of the ecosystem to small changes in water depth have created a need for accurate water-level and water-depth maps. The EDEN water-surface elevation model uses data from approximately 240 gages in the Everglades to create daily continuous interpolations of the water-surface elevation and water depth for the freshwater portion of the Everglades from 2000 to the present (2014). These maps provide hydrologic data previously unavailable for assessing biological and ecological studies.
\nEcologists working in the Everglades expressed a need to the EDEN project team for daily EDEN water-level surfaces from 1990 to 1999. The additional 10 years of surfaces will provide ecologists and resource managers with two decades (1991–2011) of surfaces to analyze hydrologic dynamics. Before 2000, many of the EDEN gages used to generate water surfaces were not in operation. These datasets were extended to provide estimations of hydrologic time-series histories. The general approach to the record extension (hindcasts) was to (1) create a database of available data from 1990 to the present; (2) use dynamic cluster analysis to group stations with similar hydrologic behaviors for subareas of the Everglades with a large number of stations; (3) use results from the cluster analysis to select candidate explanatory variables; (4) develop linear regression or artificial neural network models to extend water-level records; and (5) evaluate record extensions by using model performance statistics and comparison of water-surface maps for similar hydrologic conditions for the hindcasted period (1991–99) and measured period (2000–11).
\nTo hindcast and fill data records, 214 empirical models were developed—189 are linear regression models and 25 are artificial neural network models. The coefficient of determination (R2) for 163 of the models is greater than 0.80 and the median percent model error (root mean square error divided by the range of the measured data) is 5 percent. To evaluate the performance of the hindcast models as a group, contour maps of modeled water-level surfaces at 2-centimeter (cm) intervals were generated using the hindcasted data. The 2-cm contour maps were examined for selected days to verify that water surfaces from the EDEN model are consistent with the input data. The biweekly 2-cm contour maps did show a higher number of issues during days in 1990 as compared to days after 1990. May 1990 had the lowest water levels in the Everglades of the 21-year dataset used for the hindcasting study. To hindcast these record low conditions in 1990, many of the hindcast models would require large extrapolations beyond the range of the predictive quality of the models. For these reasons, it was decided to limit the hindcasted data to the period January 1, 1991, to December 31, 1999. Overall, the hindcasted and gap-filled data are assumed to provide reasonable estimates of station-specific water-level data for an extended historical period to inform research and natural resource management in the Everglades.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145226","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., Petkewich, M.D., O’Reilly, A.M., and Telis, P.A., 2015, Hydrologic record extension of water-level data in the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN), 1991-99: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5226, Report: vi, 27 p.; 2 Tables; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145226.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; 2 Tables; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-059254","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145226.jpg"},{"id":297559,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5226/"},{"id":297560,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5226/pdf/sir2014-5226.pdf","size":"2.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297561,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5226/downloads/sir2014-5226.xlsx","text":"Table 1 and 3, Appendixes 1-2","size":"149 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.93328857421875,\n 25.063209244186485\n ],\n [\n -81.93328857421875,\n 26.649913524725044\n ],\n [\n -79.98596191406249,\n 26.649913524725044\n ],\n [\n -79.98596191406249,\n 25.063209244186485\n ],\n [\n -81.93328857421875,\n 25.063209244186485\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a87e4b08de9379b30d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Telis, Pamela A. patelis@usgs.gov","contributorId":1461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Telis","given":"Pamela","email":"patelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70138808,"text":"ds914 - 2015 - Bathymetry of the Wilderness breach at Fire Island, New York, June 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-08T12:36:53","indexId":"ds914","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"914","title":"Bathymetry of the Wilderness breach at Fire Island, New York, June 2013","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center in St. Petersburg, Florida, collaborated with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility in Duck, North Carolina, to collect shallow water bathymetric data of the Wilderness breach on Fire Island, New York, in June 2013. The breach formed in October 2012 during Hurricane Sandy, and the USGS is involved in a post-Sandy effort to map, monitor, and model the morphologic evolution of the breach as part of Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Project GS2-2B: Linking Coastal Vulnerability and Process, Fire Island. This publication includes a bathymetric dataset of the breach and the adjacent nearshore on the ocean side of the island. The objective of the data collection and analysis is to map the bathymetry of the primary breach channel, ebb shoal, and nearshore bar system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds914","usgsCitation":"Brownell, A.T., Hapke, C.J., Spore, N., and McNinch, J., 2015, Bathymetry of the Wilderness breach at Fire Island, New York, June 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 914, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds914.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059527","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297555,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds914.jpg"},{"id":297554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0914/ds914_abstract.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.3502197265625,\n 40.588928169693745\n ],\n [\n -73.3502197265625,\n 40.81796653313175\n ],\n [\n -72.66357421875,\n 40.81796653313175\n ],\n [\n -72.66357421875,\n 40.588928169693745\n ],\n [\n -73.3502197265625,\n 40.588928169693745\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a58e4b08de9379b2ffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brownell, Andrew T. abrownell@usgs.gov","contributorId":5801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownell","given":"Andrew","email":"abrownell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":538904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spore, Nicholas J.","contributorId":138833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spore","given":"Nicholas J.","affiliations":[{"id":12537,"text":"USACE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNinch, Jesse E.","contributorId":93804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNinch","given":"Jesse E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70134733,"text":"sir20145202 - 2015 - Flood-inundation maps for Indian Creek and Tomahawk Creek, Johnson County, Kansas, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-14T11:12:39","indexId":"sir20145202","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5202","title":"Flood-inundation maps for Indian Creek and Tomahawk Creek, Johnson County, Kansas, 2014","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 6.4-mile upper reach of Indian Creek from College Boulevard to the confluence with Tomahawk Creek, a 3.9-mile reach of Tomahawk Creek from 127th Street to the confluence with Indian Creek, and a 1.9-mile lower reach of Indian Creek from the confluence with Tomahawk Creek to just beyond the Kansas/Missouri border at State Line Road in Johnson County, Kansas, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the city of Overland Park, Kansas. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the U.S. Geological Survey Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgages on Indian Creek at Overland Park, Kansas; Indian Creek at State Line Road, Leawood, Kansas; and Tomahawk Creek near Overland Park, Kansas. Near real time stages at these streamgages may be obtained on the Web from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis or the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at http://water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at these sites.
Flood profiles were computed for the stream reaches by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated for each reach by using the most current stage-discharge relations at the streamgages. The hydraulic models were then used to determine 15 water-surface profiles for Indian Creek at Overland Park, Kansas; 17 water-surface profiles for Indian Creek at State Line Road, Leawood, Kansas; and 14 water-surface profiles for Tomahawk Creek near Overland Park, Kansas, for flood stages at 1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to the next interval above the 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flood level (500-year recurrence interval). The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined in a geographic information system with a digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging data (having a 0.429-foot vertical and 0.228-foot horizontal accuracy) to delineate the area flooded at each water level.
The availability of these maps, along with Web information regarding current stage from the U.S. Geological Survey streamgages and forecasted high-flow stages from the National Weather Service, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations, road closures, and postflood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145202","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Overland Park, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Peters, A.J., and Studley, S.E., 2014, Flood-inundation maps for Indian Creek and Tomahawk Creek, Johnson County, Kansas, 2014 (ver. 1.1, January 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5202, 11 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20145202.","productDescription":"vi, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056342","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323570,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5202/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database. Refer to the Metadata file for more information."},{"id":323571,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5202/downloads/metadata.docx"},{"id":297546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5202/pdf/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":297545,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5202/pdf/sir20145202.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297536,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5202/"},{"id":314701,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5202/versionhist.txt","size":"1 kb","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2014-5202 version history"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Johnson County","otherGeospatial":"Indian Creek, Tomahawk Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.1728515625,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -102.0849609375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -102.1728515625,\n 40.01078714046552\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted January 26, 2015; Version 1.1: January 25, 2016","contact":"Director, USGS Kansas Water Science Center
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
\nhttp://ks.water.usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"\n- Acknowledgments
\n- Abstract
\n- Introduction
\n- Creation of Flood-Inundation-Map Library
\n- Summary
\n- References Cited
\n
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-01-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a78e4b08de9379b3089","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Arin J. ajpeters@usgs.gov","contributorId":5862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Arin","email":"ajpeters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Studley, Seth E. sstudley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Studley","given":"Seth","email":"sstudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70134271,"text":"ds902 - 2015 - Digital geospatial presentation of geoelectrical and geotechnical data for the lower American River and flood plain, east Sacramento, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T12:36:20","indexId":"ds902","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"902","title":"Digital geospatial presentation of geoelectrical and geotechnical data for the lower American River and flood plain, east Sacramento, California","docAbstract":"To characterize the extent and thickness of lithologic units that may have differing scour potential, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, has performed several geoelectrical surveys of the lower American River channel and flood plain between Cal Expo and the Rio Americano High School in east Sacramento, California. Additional geotechnical data have been collected by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and its contractors. Data resulting from these surveys have been compiled into similar database formats and converted to uniform geospatial datums and projections. These data have been visualized in a digital three-dimensional framework project that can be viewed using freely available software. These data facilitate a comprehensive analysis of the resistivity structure underlying the lower American River corridor and assist in levee system management.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds902","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento District","usgsCitation":"Ball, L.B., Burton, B., Powers, M.H., and Asch, T.H., 2015, Digital geospatial presentation of geoelectrical and geotechnical data for the lower American River and flood plain, east Sacramento, California: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 902, Report: iv, 12 p.; 3D Framework; Source Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds902.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; 3D Framework; Source Data","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046347","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297540,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0902/downloads/SOURCE_DATA.zip","text":"Source Data","description":"Source Data"},{"id":297538,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0902/pdf/ds902.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297539,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0902/downloads/3DFRAMEWORK.zip","text":"3D Framework","description":"3D Framework"},{"id":297532,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0902/"},{"id":297541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds902.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Sacramento","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.42656326293945,\n 38.55783104069692\n ],\n [\n -121.34519577026367,\n 38.55783104069692\n ],\n [\n -121.34519577026367,\n 38.5896378526013\n ],\n [\n -121.42656326293945,\n 38.5896378526013\n ],\n [\n -121.42656326293945,\n 38.55783104069692\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6ae4b08de9379b3048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asch, Theodore H.","contributorId":127592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asch","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6766,"text":"former USGS NOROCK Step-Student","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70138874,"text":"70138874 - 2015 - Switching predominance of organic versus inorganic carbon exports from an intermediate-size subarctic watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-23T16:27:43","indexId":"70138874","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Switching predominance of organic versus inorganic carbon exports from an intermediate-size subarctic watershed","docAbstract":"Hydrologic exports of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC, DOC) reflect permafrost conditions in arctic and subarctic river basins. DIC yields in particular, increase with decreased permafrost extent. We investigated the influence of permafrost extent on DIC and DOC yield in a tributary of the Yukon River, where the upper watershed has continuous permafrost and the lower watershed has discontinuous permafrost. Our results indicate that DIC versus DOC predominance switches with interannual changes in water availability and flow routing in intermediate-size watersheds having mixed permafrost coverage. Large water yield and small concentrations from mountainous headwaters and small water yield and high concentrations from lowlands produced similar upstream and downstream carbon yields. However, DOC export exceeded DIC export during high-flow 2011 while DIC predominated during low-flow 2010. The majority of exported carbon derived from near-surface organic sources when landscapes were wet or frozen and from mineralized subsurface sources when infiltration increased.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GL062349","usgsCitation":"Dornblaser, M.M., and Striegl, R.G., 2015, Switching predominance of organic versus inorganic carbon exports from an intermediate-size subarctic watershed: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 2, p. 386-394, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062349.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"386","endPage":"394","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056632","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.28955078125,\n 62.65396335371416\n ],\n [\n -163.41064453125,\n 62.65396335371416\n ],\n [\n -163.32275390625,\n 61.887225669194976\n ],\n [\n -164.11376953125,\n 61.938950426660604\n ],\n [\n -164.28955078125,\n 62.65396335371416\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2abbe4b08de9379b31b5","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014gl062349","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062349","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Dornblaser Mark M., Striegl Robert G.","journalName":"Geophysical Research Letters","publicationDate":"1/28/2015","auditedOn":"2/11/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70139233,"text":"sir20145186 - 2015 - A model for evaluating stream temperature response to climate change in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T15:19:51","indexId":"sir20145186","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5186","title":"A model for evaluating stream temperature response to climate change in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Expected climatic changes in air temperature and precipitation patterns across the State of Wisconsin may alter future stream temperature and flow regimes. As a consequence of flow and temperature changes, the composition and distribution of fish species assemblages are expected to change. In an effort to gain a better understanding of how climatic changes may affect stream temperature, an approach was developed to predict and project daily summertime stream temperature under current and future climate conditions for 94,341 stream kilometers across Wisconsin. The approach uses a combination of static landscape characteristics and dynamic time-series climatic variables as input for an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model integrated with a Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) Model. Future climate scenarios are based on output from downscaled General Circulation Models (GCMs). The SWB model provided a means to estimate the temporal variability in groundwater recharge and provided a mechanism to evaluate the effect of changing air temperature and precipitation on groundwater recharge and soil moisture. The Integrated Soil-Water-Balance and Artificial Neural Network version 1 (SWB-ANNv1) Model was used to simulate daily summertime stream temperature under current (1990–2008) climate and explained 76 percent of the variation in the daily mean based on validation at 67 independent sites. Results were summarized as July mean water temperature, and individual stream segments were classified by thermal class (cold, cold transition, warm transition, and warm) for comparison of current (1990–2008) with future climate conditions.
\nIntegrating the SWB Model with the ANN Model provided a mechanism by which downscaled global or regional climate model results could be used to estimate the potential effects of climate change on future stream temperature on a daily time step. To address future climate scenarios, statistically downscaled air temperature and precipitation projections from 10 GCMs and 2 time periods were used with the SWB-ANNv1 Model to project future stream temperature. Projections of future stream temperatures at mid- (2046–65) and late- (2081–2100) 21st century showed the July mean water temperature increasing for all stream segments with about 80 percent of stream kilometers increasing by 1 to 2 degrees Celsius (°C) by mid-century and about 99 percent increasing by 1 to 3 °C by late-century. Projected changes in stream temperatures also affected changes in thermal classes with a loss in the total amount of cold-water, cold-transition, and warm-transition thermal habitat and a gain in warm-water and very warm thermal habitat for both mid- and late-21st century time periods. The greatest losses occurred for cold-water streams and the greatest gains for warm-water streams, with a contraction of cold-water streams in the Driftless Area of western and southern Wisconsin and an expansion of warm-water streams across northern Wisconsin. Results of this study suggest that such changes will affect the composition of fish assemblages, with a loss of suitable habitat for cold-water fishes and gain in suitable habitat for warm-water fishes. In the end, these projected changes in thermal habitat attributable to climate may result in a net loss of fisheries, because many warm-water species may be unable to colonize habitats formerly occupied by cold-water species because of other habitat limitations (e.g., stream size, gradient). Although projected stream temperatures may vary greatly, depending on the emissions scenario and models used, the results presented in this report represent one possibility. The relative change in stream temperature can provide useful information for planning for potential climate impacts to aquatic ecosystems. Model results can be used to help identify vulnerabilities of streams to climate change, guide stream surveys and thermal classifications, prioritize the allocation of scarce financial resources, identify approaches to climate adaptation to best protect and enhance resiliency in stream thermal habitat, and provide information to make quantitative assessments of statewide stream resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145186","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.S., Westenbroek, S.M., Mitro, M.G., Lyons, J.D., Kammel, L.E., and Buchwald, C.A., 2015, A model for evaluating stream temperature response to climate change in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5186, Report: ix, 64 p.; Appendices 1-2, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145186.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 64 p.; Appendices 1-2","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057452","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145186.jpg"},{"id":297547,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5186/"},{"id":297548,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5186/pdf/sir2014-5186.pdf","text":"Report","size":"208 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297549,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5186/appendix/appendix1_stream_temp_sites.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"69 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Stream Identification Information"},{"id":297550,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5186/appendix/appendix2_climate_stations.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"20 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"Climate Station Information"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.878173828125,\n 42.47209690919285\n ],\n [\n -93.878173828125,\n 47.10752278534248\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 47.10752278534248\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 42.47209690919285\n ],\n [\n -93.878173828125,\n 42.47209690919285\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a4ce4b08de9379b2fca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Jana S. 0000-0002-8121-1373 jsstewar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-1373","contributorId":539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jana","email":"jsstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westenbroek, Stephen M. 0000-0002-6284-8643 smwesten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6284-8643","contributorId":2210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Stephen","email":"smwesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitro, Matthew G.","contributorId":25090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitro","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyons, John D.","contributorId":55364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kammel, Leah E. lkammel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammel","given":"Leah","email":"lkammel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":539290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buchwald, Cheryl A. 0000-0001-8968-5023 cabuchwa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-5023","contributorId":1943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwald","given":"Cheryl","email":"cabuchwa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70123438,"text":"70123438 - 2015 - Landscape-level terrestrial methane flux observed from a very tall tower","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-28T08:44:48","indexId":"70123438","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape-level terrestrial methane flux observed from a very tall tower","docAbstract":"Simulating the magnitude and variability of terrestrial methane sources and sinks poses a challenge to ecosystem models because the biophysical and biogeochemical processes that lead to methane emissions from terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems are, by their nature, episodic and spatially disjunct. As a consequence, model predictions of regional methane emissions based on field campaigns from short eddy covariance towers or static chambers have large uncertainties, because measurements focused on a particular known source of methane emission will be biased compared to regional estimates with regards to magnitude, spatial scale, or frequency of these emissions. Given the relatively large importance of predicting future terrestrial methane fluxes for constraining future atmospheric methane growth rates, a clear need exists to reduce spatiotemporal uncertainties. In 2010, an Ameriflux tower (US-PFa) near Park Falls, WI, USA, was instrumented with closed-path methane flux measurements at 122 m above ground in a mixed wetland–upland landscape representative of the Great Lakes region. Two years of flux observations revealed an average annual methane (CH4) efflux of 785 ± 75 mg C![\"single](\"http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/entities/sbnd\")
CH4 m−2 yr−1, compared to a mean CO2 sink of −80 g CCO2 m−2 yr−1, a ratio of 1% in magnitude on a mole basis. Interannual variability in methane flux was 30% of the mean flux and driven by suppression of methane emissions during dry conditions in late summer 2012. Though relatively small, the magnitude of the methane source from the very tall tower measurements was mostly within the range previously measured using static chambers at nearby wetlands, but larger than a simple scaling of those fluxes to the tower footprint. Seasonal patterns in methane fluxes were similar to those simulated in the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), but magnitude depends on model parameterization and input data, especially regarding wetland extent. The model was unable to simulate short-term (sub-weekly) variability. Temperature was found to be a stronger driver of regional CH4flux than moisture availability or net ecosystem production at the daily to monthly scale. Taken together, these results emphasize the multi-timescale dependence of drivers of regional methane flux and the importance of long, continuous time series for their characterization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.017","usgsCitation":"Desai, A.R., Xu, K., Tian, H., Weishampel, P., Thom, J., Baumann, D.D., Andrews, A.E., Cook, B.D., King, J.Y., and Kolka, R., 2015, Landscape-level terrestrial methane flux observed from a very tall tower: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 201, p. 61-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.017.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"75","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057381","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297533,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Park Falls","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.5048828125,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -92.5048828125,\n 46.800059446787316\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"201","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a8ee4b08de9379b30f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Desai, Ankur R. 0000-0002-5226-6041","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-6041","contributorId":20622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Desai","given":"Ankur","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, Ke","contributorId":115559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Ke","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tian, Hanqin","contributorId":117981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"Hanqin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weishampel, Peter","contributorId":116746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weishampel","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thom, Jonthan","contributorId":118322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thom","given":"Jonthan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baumann, Daniel D. dbaumann@usgs.gov","contributorId":5950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumann","given":"Daniel","email":"dbaumann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Andrews, Arlyn E.","contributorId":117698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrews","given":"Arlyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cook, Bruce D.","contributorId":118323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"King, Jennifer Y.","contributorId":120697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kolka, Randall","contributorId":115924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolka","given":"Randall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70139241,"text":"ofr20141219 - 2015 - USGS compilation of geographic information system (GIS) data representing coal mines and coal-bearing areas in China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T15:00:21","indexId":"ofr20141219","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1219","title":"USGS compilation of geographic information system (GIS) data representing coal mines and coal-bearing areas in China","docAbstract":"Geographic information system (GIS) information may facilitate energy studies, which in turn provide input for energy policy decisions. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has compiled geographic information system (GIS) data representing the known coal mine locations and coal-mining areas of China as of 2001. These data are now available for download, and may be used in a GIS for a variety of energy resource and environmental studies of China. Province-scale maps were also created to display the point locations of coal mines and the coal-mining areas. In addition, coal-field outlines from a previously published map by Dai and others (2012) were also digitized and are available for download as a separate GIS data file, and shown in a nation-scale map of China. Chemical data for 332 coal samples from a previous USGS study of China and Taiwan (Tewalt and others, 2010) are included in a downloadable GIS point shapefile, and shown on a nation-scale map of China. A brief report summarizes the methodology used for creation of the shapefiles and the chemical analyses run on the samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141219","usgsCitation":"Trippi, M.H., Belkin, H.E., Dai, S., Tewalt, S.J., and Chou, C., 2015, USGS compilation of geographic information system (GIS) data representing coal mines and coal-bearing areas in China: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1219, Report: iv, 135 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141219.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 135 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"140","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051519","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141219.jpg"},{"id":297542,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1219/pdf/of2014-1219.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297543,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1219/downloads","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory"},{"id":297535,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1219/"}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 73.47656249999999,\n 17.895114303749143\n ],\n [\n 73.47656249999999,\n 53.592504809039376\n ],\n [\n 135.17578125,\n 53.592504809039376\n ],\n [\n 135.17578125,\n 17.895114303749143\n ],\n [\n 73.47656249999999,\n 17.895114303749143\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ac6e4b08de9379b31f8","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Trippi, Michael H. 0000-0002-1398-3427 mtrippi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"Michael","email":"mtrippi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539271,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529 hbelkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"hbelkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539272,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dai, Shifeng","contributorId":138922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dai","given":"Shifeng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12582,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539273,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tewalt, Susan J. stewalt@usgs.gov","contributorId":138923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tewalt","given":"Susan","email":"stewalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539274,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chou, Chiu-Jung","contributorId":138924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"Chiu-Jung","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7053,"text":"Volunteer, USGS, WFRC, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539275,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Trippi, Michael H. 0000-0002-1398-3427 mtrippi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"Michael","email":"mtrippi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529 hbelkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"hbelkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dai, Shifeng","contributorId":138922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dai","given":"Shifeng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12582,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tewalt, Susan J. stewalt@usgs.gov","contributorId":138923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tewalt","given":"Susan","email":"stewalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chou, Chiu-Jung","contributorId":138924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"Chiu-Jung","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7053,"text":"Volunteer, USGS, WFRC, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70137299,"text":"ofr20151001 - 2015 - Future wave and wind projections for United States and United-States-affiliated Pacific Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T10:41:57","indexId":"ofr20151001","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1001","title":"Future wave and wind projections for United States and United-States-affiliated Pacific Islands","docAbstract":"Changes in future wave climates in the tropical Pacific Ocean from global climate change are not well understood. Spatially and temporally varying waves dominate coastal morphology and ecosystem structure of the islands throughout the tropical Pacific. Waves also impact coastal infrastructure, natural and cultural resources, and coastal-related economic activities of the islands. Wave heights, periods, and directions were forecast through the year 2100 using wind parameter outputs from four atmosphere-ocean global climate models from the Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project, Phase 5, for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios 4.5 and 8.5 that correspond to moderately mitigated and unmitigated greenhouse gas emissions, respectively. Wind fields from the global climate models were used to drive a global WAVEWATCH-III wave model and generate hourly time-series of bulk wave parameters for 25 islands in the mid to western tropical Pacific for the years 1976–2005 (historical), 2026–2045 (mid-century projection), and 2085–2100 (end-of-century projection). Although the results show some spatial heterogeneity, overall the December-February extreme significant wave heights, defined as the mean of the top 5 percent of significant wave height time-series data modeled within a specific period, increase from present to mid-century and then decrease toward the end of the century; June-August extreme wave heights increase throughout the century within the Central region of the study area; and September-November wave heights decrease strongly throughout the 21st century, displaying the largest and most widespread decreases of any season. Peak wave periods increase east of the International Date Line during the December-February and June-August seasons under RCP4.5. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, wave periods decrease west of the International Date Line during December-February but increase in the eastern half of the study area. Otherwise, wave periods decrease throughout the study area during other seasons. Extreme wave directions in equatorial Micronesia during June-August undergo an approximate 30° clockwise rotation from primarily west to northwest. September-November RCP4.5 extreme mean wave directions rotate counterclockwise by approximately 30 to 45° in equatorial Micronesia; September-November RCP8.5 extreme mean wave directions within equatorial Micronesia rotate clockwise by approximately 20 to 30°. Extreme wind speeds decreased within both scenarios, with the largest decreases occurring in the September-November season. Extreme wind directions under RCP4.5 rotated clockwise by more than 60° in equatorial Micronesia during the September-November season and by approximately 30° during June-August. RCP8.5 extreme wind directions rotated counterclockwise during September-November within the same region by 30 to 50° and clockwise by 30 to 40° at one island. The spatial patterns and trends are similar between the two different greenhouse gas emission scenarios, with the magnitude and extent of the trends generally greater for the higher (RCP8.5) scenario.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151001","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Shope, J.B., Erikson, L., Hegermiller, C.A., and Barnard, P.L., 2015, Future wave and wind projections for United States and United-States-affiliated Pacific Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1001, xxvii, 426 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151001.","productDescription":"xxvii, 426 p.","numberOfPages":"455","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059375","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151001.gif"},{"id":297524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1001/downloads/ofr2015-1001_report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"32.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Micronesia, Pacific Ocean","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a7ae4b08de9379b3095","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":2333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shope, James B.","contributorId":135949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shope","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":10653,"text":"University of California at Santa Cruz, Earth and Planetary Science Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":3170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li H.","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hegermiller, Christine A.","contributorId":135950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hegermiller","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":10653,"text":"University of California at Santa Cruz, Earth and Planetary Science Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":2880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70138858,"text":"70138858 - 2015 - Evaluating the piscicide rotenone as an option for eradication of invasive Mozambique tilapia in a Hawaiian brackish-water wetland complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-07T10:22:25","indexId":"70138858","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the piscicide rotenone as an option for eradication of invasive Mozambique tilapia in a Hawaiian brackish-water wetland complex","docAbstract":"Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus were recently discovered in ‘Aimakapā Fishpond, a 12-hectare brackish-water wetland complex in Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, on the Island of Hawai’i. As a possible eradication method, we evaluated rotenone, a natural piscicide used in fish management and the active ingredient in plants traditionally used by indigenous Hawaiians for capturing fish. To assess rotenone’s efficacy in killing tilapia and effects on non-target species, laboratory toxicity tests involved exposing organisms to various concentrations of liquid CFT Legumine (5% rotenone) in static trials of 48-h to 72-h duration. Test organisms included: Mozambique tilapia, non-native guppy Poecilia reticulata, the non-native odonate Rambur’s forktail Ischnura ramburii, native feeble shrimp Palaemon debilis, and native ‘ōpae’ula shrimp Halocaridina rubra. All organisms and water used in tests were obtained from ‘Aimakapā (12.6–12.7 ppt salinity), or, for H. rubra, an anchialine pool (15.0–15.2 ppt salinity). Survival analyses indicated CFT Legumine concentrations >3 ppm (>0.15 mg/L rotenone) achieved 100% mortality of tilapia and 93% of guppies within 24 h, with most tilapia killed by 6 h and most guppies by 2 h. Little or no mortality was observed among invertebrate exposed to 1 to 5 mg/L CFT Legumine: 0% mortality for ‘ōpae’ula shrimp, 4% for feeble shrimp; and 16% for odonate larvae. The 48 h LC50 values for Mozambique tilapia and guppy were 0.06 and 0.11 mg/L rotenone, respectively. Results demonstrate rotenone’s potential for non-native fish eradication in brackish-water habitats, with benefit of low mortality to certain macro-invertebrates. High rotenone tolerance displayed by ‘ōpae’ula shrimp is noteworthy. Invasive fish are common in anchialine pools, threatening existence of shrimp and other invertebrate fauna. Although rotenone’s effects on freshwater organisms have been well studied, our research represents one of only a few controlled laboratory experiments quantitatively assessing rotenone tolerance of brackish or marine fauna.
","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2015.6.1.07","usgsCitation":"Nico, L., Englund, R.A., and Jelks, H.L., 2015, Evaluating the piscicide rotenone as an option for eradication of invasive Mozambique tilapia in a Hawaiian brackish-water wetland complex: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 6, no. 1, p. 83-104, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2015.6.1.07.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"104","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057026","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472321,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2015.6.1.07","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.7080078125,\n 22.51255695405145\n ],\n [\n -153.5888671875,\n 22.26876403907398\n ],\n [\n -153.369140625,\n 18.437924653474393\n ],\n [\n -160.927734375,\n 18.89589255941504\n ],\n [\n -160.7080078125,\n 22.51255695405145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a75e4b08de9379b3074","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nico, Leo 0000-0002-4488-7737 lnico@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":138599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"Leo","email":"lnico@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Englund, Ronald A.","contributorId":138891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Englund","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12568,"text":"Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jelks, Howard L. 0000-0002-0672-6297 hjelks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-6297","contributorId":2962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelks","given":"Howard","email":"hjelks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041855,"text":"70041855 - 2015 - Direct measurement of asperity contact growth in quartz at hydrothermal conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T16:01:00","indexId":"70041855","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct measurement of asperity contact growth in quartz at hydrothermal conditions","docAbstract":"Earthquake recurrence requires interseismic fault restrengthening which results from solid state deformation in room-temperature friction and indentation experiments. In contrast exhumed fault zones show solution-transport processes such as pressure solution and contact overgrowths influence fault zone properties . In the absence of fluid flow, overgrowths are driven by gradients in surface curvature where material is dissolved, diffuses, and precipitates at the contact without convergence normal to the contact. To determine the rate of overgrowth for quartz, we conducted single contact experiments in an externally heated pressure vessel. Convergence was continuously monitored using reflected-light interferometry through a long-working-distance microscope. Contact normal force was constant with an initial effective normal stress of 1.7 MPa, temperature was between 350 and 530{degree sign}C, and water pressure was constant at 150 MPa. Two control experiments were conducted: one dry at 425{degree sign}C and one bi-material (sapphire) at 425{degree sign}C and 150 MPa water pressure. No contact growth or convergence was observed in the controls. For wet single-phase contacts, growth was initially rapid and then decreased with time. No convergence was observed. Fluid inclusions indicate that the contact is not uniformly wetted. The contact is bounded by small regions of high aperture, reflecting local free-face dissolution as the source for the overgrowth. The apparent activation energy is ~125 kJ/mol. Extrapolation predicts rates of contact area increase orders of magnitude faster than in dry, room-temperature and hydrothermal friction experiments, suggesting that natural strength recovery near the base of the seismogenic zone could be dominated by contact overgrowth.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011816","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N.M., and Hickman, S.H., 2015, Direct measurement of asperity contact growth in quartz at hydrothermal conditions: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 120, no. 5, p. 3599-3616, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011816.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3599","endPage":"3616","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018602","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"120","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6be4b08de9379b304c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70135976,"text":"ofr20141255 - 2015 - Depth-dependent groundwater quality sampling at City of Tallahassee test well 32, Leon County, Florida, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T10:10:09","indexId":"ofr20141255","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1255","title":"Depth-dependent groundwater quality sampling at City of Tallahassee test well 32, Leon County, Florida, 2013","docAbstract":"Public-supply wells sometimes produce water of less than desirable quality because contaminants can migrate to the open interval of wells through preferential pathways. If these pathways can be identified, zones that produce poor quality water can be excluded during the well-construction process. The U.S. Geological Survey has developed geophysical testing methods that can be used to delineate zones of high permeability in test wells. Once the highly permeable zones are identified, water-quality data can be collected from each zone to identify whether any of the zones produce water of poor quality. The zones producing poor quality water can then be cased off in the final well design so that they do not contribute flow to the production well, reducing subsequent water-treatment costs.
\nA test well was drilled by the City of Tallahassee to assess the suitability of the site for the installation of a new well for public water supply. The test well is in Leon County in north-central Florida. The U.S. Geological Survey delineated high-permeability zones in the Upper Floridan aquifer, using borehole-geophysical data collected from the open interval of the test well. A composite water sample was collected from the open interval during high-flow conditions, and three discrete water samples were collected from specified depth intervals within the test well during low-flow conditions. Water-quality, source tracer, and age-dating results indicate that the open interval of the test well produces water of consistently high quality throughout its length. The cavernous nature of the open interval makes it likely that the highly permeable zones are interconnected in the aquifer by secondary porosity features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141255","collaboration":"City of Tallahassee","usgsCitation":"McBride, W.S., and Wacker, M.A., 2015, Depth-dependent groundwater quality sampling at City of Tallahassee test well 32, Leon County, Florida, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1255, Report: vi, 13 p.; 2 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141255.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 13 p.; 2 Appendices","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059712","costCenters":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1255/"},{"id":297512,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1255/pdf/ofr2014-1255.pdf"},{"id":297516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141255.jpg"},{"id":297514,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1255/appendix/ofr2014-1255_appendix02.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"16.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2014-1255 Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"Comparison of borehole image, geophysical, water quality, flowmeter, and sonic logs showing evidence of three productive intervals in the City of Tallahassee test well 32 at Leon County, Florida, December 2013. The full geophysical log is displayed at 1 to 12 scale."},{"id":297513,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1255/appendix/ofr2014-1255_appendix01.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"3.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2014-1255 Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Comparison of borehole image, geophysical, water quality, flowmeter, and sonic logs showing evidence of three productive intervals in the City of Tallahassee test well 32 at Leon County, Florida, December 2013. Only the data collected in the open interval of the test well are displayed at 1 to 96 scale."}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Leon County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.825439453125,\n 30.130875412002318\n ],\n [\n -84.825439453125,\n 30.770159115784214\n ],\n [\n -83.85314941406249,\n 30.770159115784214\n ],\n [\n -83.85314941406249,\n 30.130875412002318\n ],\n [\n -84.825439453125,\n 30.130875412002318\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a65e4b08de9379b3037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, W. Scott wmcbride@usgs.gov","contributorId":1096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"W.","email":"wmcbride@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wacker, Michael A. mwacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"Michael","email":"mwacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123407,"text":"70123407 - 2015 - An experimental investigation of chemical communication in the polar bear","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:51:14","indexId":"70123407","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2515,"text":"Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An experimental investigation of chemical communication in the polar bear","docAbstract":"The polar bear (Ursus maritimus), with its wide-ranging movements, solitary existence and seasonal reproduction, is expected to favor chemosignaling over other communication modalities. However, the topography of its Arctic sea ice habitat is generally lacking in stationary vertical substrates routinely used for targeted scent marking in other bears. These environmental constraints may have shaped a marking strategy, unique to polar bears, for widely dispersed continuous dissemination of scent via foot pads. To investigate the role of chemical communication, pedal scents were collected from free-ranging polar bears of different sex and reproductive classes captured on spring sea ice in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, and presented in a controlled fashion to 26 bears in zoos. Results from behavioral bioassays indicated that bears, especially females, were more likely to approach conspecific scent during the spring than the fall. Male flehmen behavior, indicative of chemosignal delivery to the vomeronasal organ, differentiated scent donor by sex and reproductive condition. Histologic examination of pedal skin collected from two females indicated prominent and profuse apocrine glands in association with large compound hair follicles, suggesting that they may produce scents that function as chemosignals. These results suggest that pedal scent, regardless of origin, conveys information to conspecifics that may facilitate social and reproductive behavior, and that chemical communication in this species has been adaptively shaped by environmental constraints of its habitat. However, continuously distributed scent signals necessary for breeding behavior may prove less effective if current and future environmental conditions cause disruption of scent trails due to increased fracturing of sea ice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Zoological Society of London","doi":"10.1111/jzo.12181","usgsCitation":"Owen, M.A., Swaisgood, R.R., Slocomb, C., Amstrup, S.C., Durner, G.M., Simac, K.S., and Pessier, A.P., 2015, An experimental investigation of chemical communication in the polar bear: Journal of Zoology, v. 295, no. 1, p. 36-43, https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12181.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050795","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -188.7890625,\n 68.9110048456202\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 69.41124235697256\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 75.58493740869223\n ],\n [\n -193.359375,\n 74.01954331150228\n ],\n [\n -188.7890625,\n 68.9110048456202\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"295","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a53e4b08de9379b2fe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, Megan A.","contributorId":138918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swaisgood, Ronald R.","contributorId":69490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swaisgood","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12762,"text":"San Diego Zoo Institure for Conservation Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slocomb, C.","contributorId":138919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slocomb","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Simac, Kristin S. 0000-0002-4072-1940 ksimac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-1940","contributorId":131096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simac","given":"Kristin","email":"ksimac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pessier, Allan P.","contributorId":19130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pessier","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70160443,"text":"70160443 - 2015 - Instrumenting caves to collect hydrologic and geochemical data: case study from James Cave, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-06T14:41:12","indexId":"70160443","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Instrumenting caves to collect hydrologic and geochemical data: case study from James Cave, Virginia","docAbstract":"Karst aquifers are productive groundwater systems, supplying approximately 25 % of the world’s drinking water. Sustainable use of this critical water supply requires information about rates of recharge to karst aquifers. The overall goal of this project is to collect long-term, high-resolution hydrologic and geochemical datasets at James Cave, Virginia, to evaluate the quantity and quality of recharge to the karst system. To achieve this goal, the cave has been instrumented for continuous (10-min interval) measurement of the (1) temperature and rate of precipitation; (2) temperature, specific conductance, and rate of epikarst dripwater; (3) temperature of the cave air; and (4) temperature, conductivity, and discharge of the cave stream. Instrumentation has also been installed to collect both composite and grab samples of precipitation, soil water, the cave stream, and dripwater for geochemical analysis. This chapter provides detailed information about the instrumentation, data processing, and data management; shows examples of collected datasets; and discusses recommendations for other researchers interested in hydrologic and geochemical monitoring of cave systems. Results from the research, briefly described here and discussed in more detail in other publications, document a strong seasonality of the start of the recharge season, the extent of the recharge season, and the geochemistry of recharge.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in watershed science and assessment","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-14212-8_8","usgsCitation":"Schreiber, M.E., Schwartz, B.F., Orndorff, W., Doctor, D.H., Eagle, S.D., and Gerst, J.D., 2015, Instrumenting caves to collect hydrologic and geochemical data: case study from James Cave, Virginia, chap. of Advances in watershed science and assessment, p. 205-231, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14212-8_8.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"205","endPage":"231","ipdsId":"IP-060443","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312537,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-14212-8_8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"James Cave","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.73715209960938,\n 37.205175356202666\n ],\n [\n -80.47210693359375,\n 37.28388730761434\n ],\n [\n -80.36224365234375,\n 37.113240886048715\n ],\n [\n -80.69869995117188,\n 37.05298514989097\n ],\n [\n -80.73715209960938,\n 37.205175356202666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cfe8b7e4b04836416a0dca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schreiber, Madeline E.","contributorId":138959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schreiber","given":"Madeline","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12594,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Benjamin F.","contributorId":150744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":18087,"text":"Texas State University, San Marcos","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orndorff, William","contributorId":150745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orndorff","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18088,"text":"Virginia Dept. of Conservation and Recreation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eagle, Sarah D.","contributorId":150746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eagle","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18089,"text":"Virginia Tech, Dept. of Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gerst, Jonathan D.","contributorId":150747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerst","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18089,"text":"Virginia Tech, Dept. of Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70138920,"text":"70138920 - 2015 - Determining the importance of model calibration for forecasting absolute/relative changes in streamflow from LULC and climate changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-23T16:22:47","indexId":"70138920","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-23T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining the importance of model calibration for forecasting absolute/relative changes in streamflow from LULC and climate changes","docAbstract":"Land use/land cover (LULC) and climate changes are important drivers of change in streamflow. Assessing the impact of LULC and climate changes on streamflow is typically done with a calibrated and validated watershed model. However, there is a debate on the degree of calibration required. The objective of this study was to quantify the variation in estimated relative and absolute changes in streamflow associated with LULC and climate changes with different calibration approaches. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied in an uncalibrated (UC), single outlet calibrated (OC), and spatially-calibrated (SC) mode to compare the relative and absolute changes in streamflow at 14 gaging stations within the Santa Cruz River Watershed in southern Arizona, USA. For this purpose, the effect of 3 LULC, 3 precipitation (P), and 3 temperature (T) scenarios were tested individually. For the validation period, Percent Bias (PBIAS) values were >100% with the UC model for all gages, the values were between 0% and 100% with the OC model and within 20% with the SC model. Changes in streamflow predicted with the UC and OC models were compared with those of the SC model. This approach implicitly assumes that the SC model is “ideal”. Results indicated that the magnitude of both absolute and relative changes in streamflow due to LULC predicted with the UC and OC results were different than those of the SC model. The magnitude of absolute changes predicted with the UC and SC models due to climate change (both P and T) were also significantly different, but were not different for OC and SC models. Results clearly indicated that relative changes due to climate change predicted with the UC and OC were not significantly different than that predicted with the SC models. This result suggests that it is important to calibrate the model spatially to analyze the effect of LULC change but not as important for analyzing the relative change in streamflow due to climate change. This study also indicated that model calibration in not necessary to determine the direction of change in streamflow due to LULC and climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.007","usgsCitation":"Niraula, R., Meixner, T., and Norman, L.M., 2015, Determining the importance of model calibration for forecasting absolute/relative changes in streamflow from LULC and climate changes: Journal of Hydrology, v. 522, p. 439-451, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"451","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053331","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Santa Cruz River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.29150390625,\n 30.93992433102347\n ],\n [\n -111.29150390625,\n 33.22030778968541\n ],\n [\n -109.852294921875,\n 33.22030778968541\n ],\n [\n -109.852294921875,\n 30.93992433102347\n ],\n [\n -111.29150390625,\n 30.93992433102347\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"522","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a67e4b08de9379b303f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niraula, Rewati","contributorId":100714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niraula","given":"Rewati","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meixner, Thomas","contributorId":22653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meixner","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70133838,"text":"sir20145199 - 2015 - Occurrence and trends of selected nutrients, other chemical constituents, diatoms, and cyanobacteria in bottom sediment, Lake Maxinkuckee, northern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-23T12:52:37","indexId":"sir20145199","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-23T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5199","title":"Occurrence and trends of selected nutrients, other chemical constituents, diatoms, and cyanobacteria in bottom sediment, Lake Maxinkuckee, northern Indiana","docAbstract":"Bottom-sediment cores collected in 2013 were used to investigate the recent and predevelopment (pre-1863) occurrence of selected nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus), carbon, 39 trace elements, diatoms, cyanobacterial akinetes, and 3 radionuclides in the bottom sediment of Lake Maxinkuckee, a kettle lake in northern Indiana. Total nitrogen concentrations in the recent sediment (since about 1970) were variable with no consistent trend indicated. Total phosphorus concentrations in the recent sediment generally were uniform from about 1970 to about 2000 and indicated consistent inputs to the lake during that time. Subsequently, the history of total phosphorus deposition apparently was obscured by postdepositional upward diffusion.
\nTrace-element concentrations in the bottom sediment of Lake Maxinkuckee generally were not cause for concern. Elevated concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc in the recent sediment, compared to the predevelopment sediment, indicated likely human-related contamination; however, the trace-element concentrations were less than probable-effects guidelines (available for nine trace elements), which represent the concentrations above which toxic aquatic biological effects usually or frequently occur. Arsenic concentrations typically exceeded the threshold-effects guideline, which represents the concentration above which toxic aquatic biological effects occasionally occur, in the recent and predevelopment sediment. The arsenic likely originated from natural sources. Lead concentrations historically exceeded the threshold-effects guideline, but since had decreased below it in the recent sediment at most coring sites. The decreasing trend likely was indicative of the effect of the phase out of leaded gasoline.
\nBiological indicators in the bottom sediment provided evidence for an improving, or at least not worsening, lake trophic condition. The occurrence of multiple diatom species, none of which were overwhelmingly dominant, was indicative of a minimally contaminated lake ecosystem. The combined evidence of several diatom species in the recent sediment indicated that the lake had not become more productive in recent decades. The combined evidence provided by akinetes for three cyanobacterial genera in the recent and predevelopment sediment indicated similar nutrient conditions in the lake during the past 40 years and possibly back to at least the mid-1800s.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lake Maxinkuckee Environmental Council and the Marshall County Soil and Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2015, Occurrence and trends of selected nutrients, other chemical constituents, diatoms, and cyanobacteria in bottom sediment, Lake Maxinkuckee, northern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5199, viii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145199.","productDescription":"viii, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056253","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297483,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5199/pdf/sir2014-5199.pdf","size":"2.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297482,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5199/"},{"id":297484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145199.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Maxinkuckee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.46703720092773,\n 41.15823676517274\n ],\n [\n -86.46703720092773,\n 41.234962120899176\n ],\n [\n -86.33708953857422,\n 41.234962120899176\n ],\n [\n -86.33708953857422,\n 41.15823676517274\n ],\n [\n -86.46703720092773,\n 41.15823676517274\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a9ee4b08de9379b3142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70141794,"text":"70141794 - 2015 - Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: source-to-sink sediment budget and synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T14:29:19.223252","indexId":"70141794","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-23T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: source-to-sink sediment budget and synthesis","docAbstract":"Understanding landscape responses to sediment supply changes constitutes a fundamental part of many problems in geomorphology, but opportunities to study such processes at field scales are rare. The phased removal of two large dams on the Elwha River, Washington, exposed 21 ± 3 million m3, or ~ 30 million tonnes (t), of sediment that had been deposited in the two former reservoirs, allowing a comprehensive investigation of watershed and coastal responses to a substantial increase in sediment supply. Here we provide a source-to-sink sediment budget of this sediment release during the first two years of the project (September 2011–September 2013) and synthesize the geomorphic changes that occurred to downstream fluvial and coastal landforms. Owing to the phased removal of each dam, the release of sediment to the river was a function of the amount of dam structure removed, the progradation of reservoir delta sediments, exposure of more cohesive lakebed sediment, and the hydrologic conditions of the river. The greatest downstream geomorphic effects were observed after water bodies of both reservoirs were fully drained and fine (silt and clay) and coarse (sand and gravel) sediments were spilling past the former dam sites. After both dams were spilling fine and coarse sediments, river suspended-sediment concentrations were commonly several thousand mg/L with ~ 50% sand during moderate and high river flow. At the same time, a sand and gravel sediment wave dispersed down the river channel, filling channel pools and floodplain channels, aggrading much of the river channel by ~ 1 m, reducing river channel sediment grain sizes by ~ 16-fold, and depositing ~ 2.2 million m3 of sand and gravel on the seafloor offshore of the river mouth. The total sediment budget during the first two years revealed that the vast majority (~ 90%) of the sediment released from the former reservoirs to the river passed through the fluvial system and was discharged to the coastal waters, where slightly less than half of the sediment was deposited in the river-mouth delta. Although most of the measured fluvial and coastal deposition was sand-sized and coarser (> 0.063 mm), significant mud deposition was observed in and around the mainstem river channel and on the seafloor. Woody debris, ranging from millimeter-size particles to old-growth trees and stumps, was also introduced to fluvial and coastal landforms during the dam removals. At the end of our two-year study, Elwha Dam was completely removed, Glines Canyon Dam had been 75% removed (full removal was completed 2014), and ~ 65% of the combined reservoir sediment masses—including ~ 8 Mt of fine-grained and ~ 12 Mt of coarse-grained sediment—remained within the former reservoirs. Reservoir sediment will continue to be released to the Elwha River following our two-year study owing to a ~ 16 m base level drop during the final removal of Glines Canyon Dam and to erosion from floods with larger magnitudes than occurred during our study. Comparisons with a geomorphic synthesis of small dam removals suggest that the rate of sediment erosion as a percent of storage was greater in the Elwha River during the first two years of the project than in the other systems. Comparisons with other Pacific Northwest dam removals suggest that these steep, high-energy rivers have enough stream power to export volumes of sediment deposited over several decades in only months to a few years. These results should assist with predicting and characterizing landscape responses to future dam removals and other perturbations to fluvial and coastal sediment budgets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.010","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., Bountry, J.A., East, A., Magirl, C.S., Randle, T.J., Gelfenbaum, G.R., Ritchie, A.C., Pess, G.R., Leung, V., and Duda, J., 2015, Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: source-to-sink sediment budget and synthesis: Geomorphology, v. 246, no. 1, p. 729-750, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.010.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"750","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059114","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.60580444335938,\n 47.923704717745686\n ],\n [\n -123.60580444335938,\n 48.16058943132621\n ],\n [\n -123.51104736328125,\n 48.16058943132621\n ],\n [\n -123.51104736328125,\n 47.923704717745686\n ],\n [\n -123.60580444335938,\n 47.923704717745686\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"246","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ec5d43e4b02d776a67daab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814 jwarrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":139314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","email":"jwarrick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bountry, Jennifer A.","contributorId":30114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bountry","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"East, Amy E. aeast@usgs.gov","contributorId":2472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy E.","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Randle, Timothy J.","contributorId":90994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randle","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C. aritchie@usgs.gov","contributorId":4984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew","email":"aritchie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pess, George R.","contributorId":13501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pess","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Leung, Vivian","contributorId":139406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leung","given":"Vivian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Duda, Jeff J. jduda@usgs.gov","contributorId":139318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeff J.","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70137884,"text":"ofr20141264 - 2015 - Shear-wave velocity and site-amplification factors for 50 Australian sites determined by the spectral analysis of surface waves method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-23T08:52:00","indexId":"ofr20141264","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-23T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1264","title":"Shear-wave velocity and site-amplification factors for 50 Australian sites determined by the spectral analysis of surface waves method","docAbstract":"One-dimensional shear-wave velocity (VS ) profiles are presented at 50 strong motion sites in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. The VS profiles are estimated with the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) method. The SASW method is a noninvasive method that indirectly estimates the VS at depth from variations in the Rayleigh wave phase velocity at the surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141264","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Geosciences Australia","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., Carkin, B.A., Allen, T., Collins, C., McPherson, A., and Minasian, D.L., 2015, Shear-wave velocity and site-amplification factors for 50 Australian sites determined by the spectral analysis of surface waves method: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1264, iv, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141264.","productDescription":"iv, 118 p.","numberOfPages":"126","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045201","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141264.jpg"},{"id":297474,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1264/pdf/ofr2014-1264.pdf","size":"27.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1264/"}],"country":"Australia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 114.2578125,\n -33.06392419812064\n ],\n [\n 114.2578125,\n -29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n 118.125,\n -29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n 118.125,\n -33.06392419812064\n ],\n [\n 114.2578125,\n -33.06392419812064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 135.087890625,\n -36.66841891894784\n ],\n [\n 135.087890625,\n -31.12819929911197\n ],\n [\n 139.5703125,\n -31.12819929911197\n ],\n [\n 139.5703125,\n -36.66841891894784\n ],\n [\n 135.087890625,\n -36.66841891894784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 143.173828125,\n -38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n 143.173828125,\n -32.249974455863295\n ],\n [\n 153.017578125,\n -32.249974455863295\n ],\n [\n 153.017578125,\n -38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n 143.173828125,\n -38.61687046392973\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab2e4b08de9379b3188","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. rkayen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert E.","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carkin, Bradley A. bcarkin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carkin","given":"Bradley","email":"bcarkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Trevor I.","contributorId":138667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Trevor","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collins, Clive","contributorId":138666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Clive","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McPherson, Andrew","contributorId":138665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McPherson","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Minasian, Diane L. dminasian@usgs.gov","contributorId":3232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minasian","given":"Diane","email":"dminasian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70138822,"text":"ofr20151011 - 2015 - Simulated runoff at many stream locations in the Methow River Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-23T08:36:20","indexId":"ofr20151011","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-23T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1011","title":"Simulated runoff at many stream locations in the Methow River Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"A collaborative Bureau of Reclamation-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) team has been brought together to incorporate a conceptual geomorphic-habitat model with a process-based trophic model to understand the processes important to stream habitat for anadromous fish populations. The Methow River Basin was selected as a test basin for this hybrid geomorphic-habitat/trophic model, and one of the required model inputs is long-term daily runoff at reaches with potential habitat. Leveraging the existence of a watershed model that was constructed for the Methow River Basin by the USGS, the team approached the USGS at the Washington Water Science Center to resurrect the original model and to simulate runoff at many locations in the basin to test the trophic model. Thirteen new flow-routing sites were added to the model, creating a total of 61 sites in the basin where daily runoff was simulated and provided as output. The input file that contains observed meteorological data that drives the watershed model and observed runoff data for comparisons with simulated runoff was extended from water year 2001 to water year 2013 using data from 18 meteorological sites and 12 observed runoff sites. The watershed model included simulation of 16 irrigation diversions that simulated 50-percent water loss through canal seepage. Irrigation was simulated as a constant application of 0.2 inches per day to during the irrigation season, May 1–October 7.
\nComparisons of the simulated runoff with observed runoff at six selected long-term streamflow-gaging stations showed that the simulated annual runoff was within +15.4 to -9.6 percent of the annual observed runoff. The simulated runoff generally matched the seasonal flow patterns, with bias at some stations indicated by over-simulation of the October–November late autumn season and under-simulation of the snowmelt runoff months of May and June. Sixty-one time series of daily runoff for a 26-year period representative of the long-term runoff pattern, water years 1988–2013, were simulated and provided to the trophic modeling team.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M.C., 2015, Simulated runoff at many stream locations in the Methow River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1011, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151011.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061500","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151011.JPG"},{"id":297470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1011/"},{"id":297471,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1011/pdf/ofr2015-1011.pdf","size":"4.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Methow River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.41015624999999,\n 47.67278567576541\n ],\n [\n -120.41015624999999,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -119.14672851562499,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -119.14672851562499,\n 47.67278567576541\n ],\n [\n -120.41015624999999,\n 47.67278567576541\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab3e4b08de9379b3190","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Mark C. 0000-0003-4018-7861 mcmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-7861","contributorId":1652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Mark","email":"mcmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70146011,"text":"70146011 - 2015 - Spring resource phenology and timing of songbird migration across the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:49:08","indexId":"70146011","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring resource phenology and timing of songbird migration across the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Migratory songbirds are advancing their arrival to breeding areas in response to climatic warming at temperate latitudes. Less is understood about the impacts of climate changes outside the breeding period. Every spring, millions of migrating songbirds that overwinter in the Caribbean and Central and South America stop to rest and
refuel in the first available habitats after crossing the Gulf of Mexico. We used capture data from a long-term
banding station (20 years: 1993 to 2012) located on the northern coast of the Gulf to assess the passage timing of 17 species making northward migrations into eastern North America. We further assessed spring resource phenology as measured by normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) on nonbreeding ranges and en route. We tested the hypotheses that spring passage timing has advanced during the past two decades and that annual variability in passage timing into eastern North America is related to spring resource phenology
on stationary nonbreeding ranges and during passage south of the Gulf. Further, we assessed whether annual variability in resource phenology south of the Gulf was a good indicator of the conditions that migrants encountered upon first landfall in eastern North America. We found no trend in migration timing for species that migrate from South America and annual variability in their passage timing was unrelated to environmental
conditions in nonbreeding ranges or en route. Species that migrate from Central America and the Caribbean delayed arrival by 2 to 3 days over the 20-year period and arrived later during years when conditions were dryer in nonbreeding ranges and passage areas south of the Gulf. Further, year to year variability in spring resource phenology in nonbreeding ranges and passage areas south of the Gulf were not good indicators of resource
phenology upon arrival in eastern North America. Therefore, despite the fact that many migrant species have been arriving increasingly earlier to breeding grounds, the passage timing of 17 species into eastern North America has either not changed or is slightly later, due to drying spring conditions in Central America and the Caribbean. Our results suggest that Nearctic–Neotropical migratory birds adjust the rate of migration primarily within eastern North America and, in light of warmer temperatures in the temperate zone and earlier arrival
timing to breeding ranges, species that overwinter in Central America and the Caribbean may be increasing the speed of migration within eastern North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","collaboration":"FWS","usgsCitation":"Paxton, E., Cohen, E.B., Nemeth, Z., Zenzal, T.J., Paxton, K.L., Diehl, R.H., and Moore, F.R., 2015, Spring resource phenology and timing of songbird migration across the Gulf of Mexico: Studies in Avian Biology, p. 63-82.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055670","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299588,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265612361_Spring_resource_phenology_and_timing_of_songbird_migration_across_the_Gulf_of_Mexico"}],"otherGeospatial":"Johnson’s Bayou, Louisiana and Yucatan Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.0205078125,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -96.70166015624999,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -96.3720703125,\n 28.246327971048842\n ],\n [\n -94.21875,\n 29.036960648558267\n ],\n [\n -93.22998046875,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -90.90087890624999,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -88.8134765625,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -89.2529296875,\n 30.088107753367257\n ],\n [\n -86.50634765625,\n 30.12612436422458\n ],\n [\n -85.60546875,\n 29.630771207229\n ],\n [\n -83.95751953125,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -83.6279296875,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -84.5947265625,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -86.24267578125,\n 30.543338954230222\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 30.770159115784214\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 30.619004797647808\n ],\n [\n -90.28564453124999,\n 30.50548389892728\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 30.240086360983426\n ],\n [\n -94.46044921875,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -95.625,\n 29.401319510041485\n ],\n [\n -95.9326171875,\n 29.017748018496047\n ],\n [\n -96.0205078125,\n 28.844673680771795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 17.936928637549443\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 19.062117883514667\n ],\n [\n -86.77001953125,\n 21.166483858206583\n ],\n [\n -87.03369140625,\n 21.800308050972603\n ],\n [\n -89.01123046875,\n 21.57571893245848\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 21.08450008351735\n ],\n [\n -91.34033203125,\n 19.642587534013046\n ],\n [\n -93.3837890625,\n 18.89589255941504\n ],\n [\n -94.19677734375,\n 18.646245142670608\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 17.936928637549443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"47","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56334342e4b048076347eee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, Emily B.","contributorId":57774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cohen","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nemeth, Zoltan","contributorId":140015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nemeth","given":"Zoltan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zenzal, Theodore J. Jr. 0000-0001-7342-1373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-1373","contributorId":140179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zenzal","given":"Theodore","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13403,"text":"University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Biological Sciences, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paxton, Kristina L. 0000-0003-2321-5090","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2321-5090","contributorId":41917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paxton","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12981,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Diehl, Robert H. 0000-0001-9141-1734 rhdiehl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-1734","contributorId":3396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Robert","email":"rhdiehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, Frank R.","contributorId":54582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12981,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70129823,"text":"fs20143112 - 2015 - 3D Elevation Program: summary for Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:12:31","indexId":"fs20143112","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3112","title":"3D Elevation Program: summary for Nebraska","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Nebraska, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143112","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2015, 3D Elevation Program: summary for Nebraska (Version 1.0: Originally posted January 22, 2015; Version 1.1: June 25, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3112, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143112.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059224","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143112.jpg"},{"id":297462,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3112/"},{"id":297463,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3112/pdf/fs2014-3112.pdf","text":"Report","size":"248 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-101.849982,42.999329],[-101.625424,42.996238],[-100.472742,42.999288],[-98.49855,42.99856],[-98.490483,42.977948],[-98.467356,42.947556],[-98.448309,42.936428],[-98.444145,42.929242],[-98.437285,42.928393],[-98.430934,42.931504],[-98.42074,42.931924],[-98.34623,42.902747],[-98.325864,42.8865],[-98.280007,42.874996],[-98.25181,42.872824],[-98.219826,42.853157],[-98.189765,42.841628],[-98.167523,42.836925],[-98.14806,42.840013],[-98.137912,42.832728],[-98.127489,42.820127],[-98.107688,42.810633],[-98.094574,42.799309],[-98.067388,42.784759],[-98.062913,42.781119],[-98.059838,42.772772],[-98.056625,42.770781],[-98.035034,42.764205],[-98.013046,42.762299],[-98.005739,42.764167],[-98.000348,42.763256],[-97.977588,42.769923],[-97.950147,42.769619],[-97.936716,42.775754],[-97.921434,42.788352],[-97.908983,42.794909],[-97.888562,42.817251],[-97.879878,42.835395],[-97.878976,42.843673],[-97.875849,42.847725],[-97.877003,42.854394],[-97.875345,42.858724],[-97.84527,42.867734],[-97.828496,42.868797],[-97.817075,42.861781],[-97.774456,42.849774],[-97.72045,42.847439],[-97.686506,42.842435],[-97.657846,42.844626],[-97.611811,42.858367],[-97.603762,42.858329],[-97.591916,42.853837],[-97.561928,42.847552],[-97.531867,42.850105],[-97.504847,42.858477],[-97.49149,42.851625],[-97.470529,42.850455],[-97.452177,42.846048],[-97.442279,42.846224],[-97.431951,42.851542],[-97.417066,42.865918],[-97.408315,42.868334],[-97.393966,42.86425],[-97.376695,42.865195],[-97.368643,42.858419],[-97.359569,42.854816],[-97.336156,42.856802],[-97.306677,42.867604],[-97.289859,42.855499],[-97.267946,42.852583],[-97.248556,42.855386],[-97.218825,42.845848],[-97.217411,42.843519],[-97.218269,42.829561],[-97.213957,42.820143],[-97.213084,42.813007],[-97.210126,42.809296],[-97.200431,42.805485],[-97.166978,42.802087],[-97.150763,42.795566],[-97.138216,42.783428],[-97.134461,42.774494],[-97.131331,42.771929],[-97.096128,42.76934],[-97.065592,42.772189],[-97.033229,42.765904],[-97.02485,42.76243],[-96.99282,42.759481],[-96.97912,42.76009],[-96.96888,42.754278],[-96.96123,42.740623],[-96.965833,42.727096],[-96.964776,42.722455],[-96.961576,42.719841],[-96.948902,42.719465],[-96.924156,42.730327],[-96.906797,42.7338],[-96.886845,42.725222],[-96.860436,42.720797],[-96.843419,42.712024],[-96.806223,42.704154],[-96.801652,42.698774],[-96.800485,42.692466],[-96.802178,42.672237],[-96.800986,42.669758],[-96.793238,42.666024],[-96.76406,42.661985],[-96.746949,42.666223],[-96.728024,42.666882],[-96.691269,42.6562],[-96.687669,42.653126],[-96.687788,42.645992],[-96.709485,42.621932],[-96.711546,42.614758],[-96.7093,42.603753],[-96.681369,42.574486],[-96.658754,42.566426],[-96.643589,42.557604],[-96.63533,42.54764],[-96.632882,42.528987],[-96.628179,42.516963],[-96.625958,42.513576],[-96.611489,42.506088],[-96.603468,42.50446],[-96.591121,42.50541],[-96.567896,42.517877],[-96.548791,42.520547],[-96.538036,42.518131],[-96.528753,42.513273],[-96.520683,42.504761],[-96.515891,42.49427],[-96.508587,42.486691],[-96.501321,42.482749],[-96.478792,42.479635],[-96.443408,42.489495],[-96.423892,42.48898],[-96.396107,42.484095],[-96.386007,42.474495],[-96.381307,42.461694],[-96.380707,42.446394],[-96.387608,42.432494],[-96.413609,42.407894],[-96.41498,42.393442],[-96.408436,42.376092],[-96.417093,42.361443],[-96.417786,42.351449],[-96.413895,42.343393],[-96.407998,42.337408],[-96.384169,42.325874],[-96.375307,42.318339],[-96.369212,42.308344],[-96.368454,42.291848],[-96.365792,42.285875],[-96.356406,42.276493],[-96.336003,42.264806],[-96.328905,42.254734],[-96.327706,42.249992],[-96.330004,42.240224],[-96.322868,42.233637],[-96.323723,42.229887],[-96.336323,42.218922],[-96.356591,42.215182],[-96.35987,42.210545],[-96.348066,42.194747],[-96.347243,42.186721],[-96.350323,42.17744],[-96.347752,42.166806],[-96.33798,42.157197],[-96.319528,42.146647],[-96.310085,42.132523],[-96.301023,42.128042],[-96.279203,42.12348],[-96.2689,42.11359],[-96.266594,42.103262],[-96.267636,42.096177],[-96.276758,42.081416],[-96.279079,42.074026],[-96.278445,42.060399],[-96.275548,42.051976],[-96.271427,42.044988],[-96.263886,42.039858],[-96.256087,42.03808],[-96.246832,42.041616],[-96.238392,42.041088],[-96.225656,42.035217],[-96.221901,42.029558],[-96.223611,42.022652],[-96.238859,42.012315],[-96.241932,42.006965],[-96.240713,41.999351],[-96.236487,41.996428],[-96.225463,41.994734],[-96.215225,42.006701],[-96.206083,42.009267],[-96.194556,42.008662],[-96.188067,42.006323],[-96.183568,41.999987],[-96.192141,41.984461],[-96.186265,41.977417],[-96.177203,41.976325],[-96.156538,41.980137],[-96.141228,41.978063],[-96.129505,41.971673],[-96.129186,41.965136],[-96.133318,41.955732],[-96.144583,41.941544],[-96.136613,41.927167],[-96.136743,41.920826],[-96.142265,41.915379],[-96.159098,41.910057],[-96.161988,41.905553],[-96.161756,41.90182],[-96.148826,41.888132],[-96.146083,41.874988],[-96.142045,41.868865],[-96.135253,41.863128],[-96.116202,41.854869],[-96.110246,41.84885],[-96.107911,41.840339],[-96.11081,41.828172],[-96.107592,41.820685],[-96.09827,41.814206],[-96.075548,41.807811],[-96.069662,41.803509],[-96.064879,41.79623],[-96.066413,41.788913],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.079915,41.757895],[-96.084673,41.753314],[-96.102772,41.746339],[-96.106425,41.73789],[-96.105582,41.731647],[-96.10261,41.728016],[-96.079682,41.717962],[-96.073376,41.710674],[-96.073063,41.705004],[-96.082429,41.698159],[-96.090579,41.697425],[-96.105119,41.699917],[-96.111968,41.697773],[-96.117751,41.694221],[-96.121401,41.688522],[-96.120983,41.677861],[-96.114978,41.67122],[-96.099837,41.66103],[-96.095415,41.652736],[-96.095046,41.647365],[-96.100701,41.635507],[-96.116233,41.621574],[-96.117558,41.609999],[-96.109387,41.596871],[-96.101496,41.59158],[-96.085771,41.585746],[-96.081152,41.577289],[-96.082406,41.571229],[-96.093613,41.558271],[-96.096186,41.547192],[-96.09409,41.539265],[-96.08822,41.530595],[-96.07307,41.525052],[-96.05369,41.508859],[-96.040701,41.507076],[-96.036603,41.509047],[-96.034305,41.512853],[-96.027289,41.541081],[-96.023182,41.544364],[-96.016474,41.546085],[-96.005079,41.544004],[-96.001161,41.541146],[-95.993891,41.523412],[-95.992833,41.512002],[-95.997903,41.504789],[-96.019224,41.489296],[-96.019542,41.486617],[-96.011757,41.476212],[-96.004708,41.472342],[-95.982962,41.469778],[-95.962329,41.46281],[-95.946465,41.466166],[-95.936801,41.46519],[-95.925713,41.459382],[-95.920281,41.451566],[-95.921833,41.442062],[-95.933169,41.42943],[-95.929721,41.411331],[-95.93749,41.393095],[-95.92879,41.370096],[-95.93099,41.364696],[-95.93549,41.360596],[-95.954891,41.351796],[-95.956691,41.345496],[-95.946891,41.334096],[-95.92569,41.322197],[-95.88869,41.319097],[-95.883089,41.316697],[-95.874689,41.307097],[-95.871489,41.295797],[-95.872889,41.289497],[-95.88239,41.281397],[-95.90249,41.273398],[-95.912491,41.279498],[-95.90429,41.293497],[-95.90429,41.299597],[-95.920291,41.301097],[-95.927491,41.298397],[-95.929591,41.292297],[-95.928691,41.281398],[-95.913991,41.271398],[-95.920391,41.268398],[-95.921891,41.264598],[-95.921291,41.258498],[-95.910891,41.233998],[-95.912591,41.226998],[-95.924891,41.211198],[-95.927491,41.202198],[-95.923219,41.191046],[-95.91459,41.185098],[-95.864789,41.188298],[-95.850188,41.184798],[-95.844088,41.180598],[-95.841288,41.174998],[-95.841888,41.171098],[-95.846188,41.166698],[-95.852788,41.165398],[-95.867344,41.168734],[-95.871912,41.168122],[-95.880936,41.160269],[-95.883489,41.154898],[-95.882088,41.143998],[-95.865888,41.117898],[-95.86545,41.101266],[-95.862587,41.088399],[-95.865463,41.080367],[-95.878103,41.069587],[-95.882415,41.060411],[-95.879487,41.053299],[-95.861782,41.039427],[-95.859654,41.035695],[-95.859918,41.025403],[-95.869486,41.009399],[-95.867286,41.001599],[-95.860116,40.995242],[-95.838908,40.986484],[-95.833537,40.98266],[-95.829074,40.975688],[-95.829829,40.963857],[-95.837951,40.950618],[-95.839743,40.93278],[-95.836438,40.921642],[-95.830699,40.915004],[-95.814302,40.902936],[-95.809775,40.895447],[-95.809474,40.891228],[-95.815933,40.879846],[-95.824989,40.875],[-95.838735,40.872191],[-95.844073,40.869248],[-95.847785,40.864328],[-95.847084,40.854174],[-95.837186,40.835347],[-95.838601,40.826175],[-95.843921,40.817686],[-95.845342,40.811324],[-95.843745,40.803783],[-95.834523,40.787778],[-95.835232,40.779151],[-95.84662,40.768619],[-95.869982,40.759645],[-95.883643,40.747831],[-95.888697,40.736292],[-95.885349,40.721093],[-95.883178,40.717579],[-95.859378,40.708055],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.847931,40.694197],[-95.846034,40.682605],[-95.842801,40.677496],[-95.822913,40.66724],[-95.804307,40.664886],[-95.786568,40.657253],[-95.772832,40.642496],[-95.768926,40.621264],[-95.749685,40.606842],[-95.748858,40.599965],[-95.753148,40.59284],[-95.768527,40.583296],[-95.773549,40.578205],[-95.774704,40.573574],[-95.763833,40.553873],[-95.763624,40.548298],[-95.769281,40.536656],[-95.76692,40.531563],[-95.762857,40.528371],[-95.74868,40.524275],[-95.73725,40.52393],[-95.725214,40.527773],[-95.714291,40.527208],[-95.708591,40.521551],[-95.69721,40.528477],[-95.69505,40.533124],[-95.697281,40.536985],[-95.694147,40.556942],[-95.678718,40.56256],[-95.671754,40.562626],[-95.665486,40.556686],[-95.662097,40.549959],[-95.655848,40.546609],[-95.652262,40.538114],[-95.655674,40.523557],[-95.661687,40.517309],[-95.699969,40.505275],[-95.694726,40.493602],[-95.696756,40.478849],[-95.694651,40.471452],[-95.671742,40.456695],[-95.65819,40.44188],[-95.65563,40.434736],[-95.661463,40.415947],[-95.659134,40.40869],[-95.643934,40.386849],[-95.641027,40.366399],[-95.627124,40.3528],[-95.623728,40.346567],[-95.622704,40.340856],[-95.625204,40.334288],[-95.633807,40.329297],[-95.653729,40.322582],[-95.657764,40.315788],[-95.657328,40.310856],[-95.651507,40.306684],[-95.645329,40.305693],[-95.617931,40.313728],[-95.610439,40.31397],[-95.598657,40.309809],[-95.581787,40.29958],[-95.562157,40.297359],[-95.55162,40.288666],[-95.551488,40.281061],[-95.556275,40.270761],[-95.552473,40.261904],[-95.521925,40.24947],[-95.490333,40.248966],[-95.477501,40.24272],[-95.472548,40.236078],[-95.469718,40.227908],[-95.471393,40.217333],[-95.482319,40.200667],[-95.48254,40.192283],[-95.479193,40.185652],[-95.460746,40.169173],[-95.442818,40.163261],[-95.436348,40.15872],[-95.432165,40.141025],[-95.428749,40.135577],[-95.419186,40.130586],[-95.409481,40.130052],[-95.398667,40.126419],[-95.393347,40.119212],[-95.394216,40.108263],[-95.407591,40.09803],[-95.410643,40.091531],[-95.408455,40.079158],[-95.409856,40.07432],[-95.418345,40.066509],[-95.42164,40.058952],[-95.41932,40.048442],[-95.413588,40.038424],[-95.402665,40.030567],[-95.391527,40.027058],[-95.382957,40.027112],[-95.363983,40.031498],[-95.348777,40.029297],[-95.336242,40.019104],[-95.315271,40.01207],[-95.311163,40.007806],[-95.30829,39.999998],[-98.193483,40.002614],[-99.756835,40.001342],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-104.053249,41.001406]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nebraska\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted January 22, 2015; Version 1.1: June 25, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a47e4b08de9379b2fb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70137283,"text":"fs20153002 - 2015 - 3D Elevation Program: summary for Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:08:16","indexId":"fs20153002","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3002","title":"3D Elevation Program: summary for Vermont","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Vermont, elevation data are critical for hazard mitigation, geologic resource assessment, natural resources conservation, agriculture and precision farming, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153002","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2015, 3D Elevation Program: summary for Vermont (Version 1.0: Originally posted January 22, 2015; Version 1.1: June 29, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3002, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153002.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060045","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153002.jpg"},{"id":297466,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3002/pdf/fs2015-3002.pdf","text":"Report","size":"289 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297465,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3002/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"49\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Vermont\",\"nation\":\"USA \"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-72.433796,43.232999],[-72.434466,43.230432],[-72.437656,43.225266],[-72.4405,43.219049],[-72.440563,43.215254],[-72.438594,43.209013],[-72.437719,43.20275],[-72.438969,43.201035],[-72.45028,43.192485],[-72.449435,43.18917],[-72.443749,43.182221],[-72.443405,43.179729],[-72.444904,43.177969],[-72.452556,43.172117],[-72.451868,43.170174],[-72.4521,43.161414],[-72.451553,43.155155],[-72.451802,43.153486],[-72.452801,43.151977],[-72.456537,43.149528],[-72.45714,43.148493],[-72.45689,43.146558],[-72.451986,43.138924],[-72.448303,43.137187],[-72.444214,43.13737],[-72.441904,43.136615],[-72.440905,43.135793],[-72.440624,43.132203],[-72.44078,43.131472],[-72.442746,43.131152],[-72.442933,43.130192],[-72.440967,43.127608],[-72.435936,43.123381],[-72.432972,43.119655],[-72.432661,43.114077],[-72.433129,43.112637],[-72.434845,43.109917],[-72.440587,43.106145],[-72.442427,43.10363],[-72.443051,43.100841],[-72.439214,43.094852],[-72.435191,43.086622],[-72.435316,43.083536],[-72.43619,43.08173],[-72.43987,43.077043],[-72.445202,43.071352],[-72.45471,43.063487],[-72.463812,43.057404],[-72.466491,43.054729],[-72.467363,43.052648],[-72.466832,43.049197],[-72.465896,43.047505],[-72.462248,43.044214],[-72.460252,43.040671],[-72.460905,43.035961],[-72.46299,43.028531],[-72.462397,43.02556],[-72.458998,43.019388],[-72.457035,43.017285],[-72.452984,43.015731],[-72.444635,43.010566],[-72.443825,43.008965],[-72.443762,43.006245],[-72.444977,43.004416],[-72.448714,43.001169],[-72.451797,43.000577],[-72.456936,43.001306],[-72.459951,43.00008],[-72.46294,42.996943],[-72.464714,42.993582],[-72.465335,42.989558],[-72.464026,42.986107],[-72.461597,42.984049],[-72.461627,42.982906],[-72.465985,42.97847],[-72.473827,42.972045],[-72.476722,42.971746],[-72.479245,42.973597],[-72.481706,42.973985],[-72.486872,42.971789],[-72.492597,42.967648],[-72.504226,42.965815],[-72.507901,42.964171],[-72.518422,42.96317],[-72.532186,42.954945],[-72.534117,42.952133],[-72.534554,42.949894],[-72.533901,42.948591],[-72.531693,42.94651],[-72.529763,42.94612],[-72.52855,42.94532],[-72.527431,42.943148],[-72.526624,42.939901],[-72.526346,42.935717],[-72.527097,42.928584],[-72.524242,42.918501],[-72.52443,42.915575],[-72.525271,42.914363],[-72.529191,42.912719],[-72.530218,42.911576],[-72.531588,42.907164],[-72.531469,42.89795],[-72.532777,42.896076],[-72.537287,42.89187],[-72.540708,42.889379],[-72.546491,42.88714],[-72.552025,42.885631],[-72.552834,42.884968],[-72.555415,42.875428],[-72.555131,42.871058],[-72.556214,42.86695],[-72.556112,42.866252],[-72.555132,42.865731],[-72.554232,42.860038],[-72.557247,42.853019],[-72.553426,42.846709],[-72.54855,42.842021],[-72.547402,42.837587],[-72.547434,42.832603],[-72.546133,42.823938],[-72.542784,42.808482],[-72.5396,42.804832],[-72.518354,42.790651],[-72.515838,42.78856],[-72.511746,42.784114],[-72.508858,42.779919],[-72.508048,42.776885],[-72.508372,42.77461],[-72.510154,42.773221],[-72.514836,42.771436],[-72.516731,42.76867],[-72.516082,42.765949],[-72.513105,42.763822],[-72.510871,42.763752],[-72.507985,42.764414],[-72.50069,42.767657],[-72.499249,42.769054],[-72.498786,42.771981],[-72.497949,42.772918],[-72.495343,42.773286],[-72.491122,42.772465],[-72.487767,42.76938],[-72.4864,42.76698],[-72.484878,42.76554],[-72.479354,42.763119],[-72.477615,42.761245],[-72.475938,42.757702],[-72.474723,42.750729],[-72.473071,42.745916],[-72.467827,42.741209],[-72.461001,42.733209],[-72.458488,42.729094],[-72.458519,42.726853],[-72.809113,42.736581],[-72.930261,42.73916],[-73.022903,42.741133],[-73.264957,42.74594],[-73.276421,42.746019],[-73.290944,42.80192],[-73.286337,42.808038],[-73.28375,42.813864],[-73.287063,42.82014],[-73.285388,42.834093],[-73.284311,42.834954],[-73.278673,42.83341],[-73.275804,42.897249],[-73.274466,42.940361],[-73.274393,42.942482],[-73.274294,42.943652],[-73.26978,43.035923],[-73.265574,43.096223],[-73.258718,43.229894],[-73.256493,43.259249],[-73.254514,43.31467],[-73.253084,43.354714],[-73.252832,43.363493],[-73.252674,43.370285],[-73.252582,43.370997],[-73.248401,43.470443],[-73.247061,43.514919],[-73.24672,43.518875],[-73.247631,43.51924],[-73.247698,43.523173],[-73.246821,43.52578],[-73.243366,43.527726],[-73.241891,43.529418],[-73.24139,43.532345],[-73.241589,43.534973],[-73.242042,43.534925],[-73.246585,43.541855],[-73.247812,43.542814],[-73.250132,43.543429],[-73.250408,43.550425],[-73.24842,43.552577],[-73.248641,43.553857],[-73.252602,43.556851],[-73.258631,43.564949],[-73.264099,43.568884],[-73.26938,43.571973],[-73.279726,43.574241],[-73.280952,43.575407],[-73.281296,43.577579],[-73.284912,43.579272],[-73.293536,43.578518],[-73.294621,43.57897],[-73.295344,43.580235],[-73.29444,43.582494],[-73.292113,43.584509],[-73.292364,43.585104],[-73.296924,43.587323],[-73.293242,43.592558],[-73.292801,43.593861],[-73.292202,43.59816],[-73.292232,43.60255],[-73.293741,43.605203],[-73.29802,43.610028],[-73.300285,43.610806],[-73.302076,43.624364],[-73.302552,43.625708],[-73.304125,43.627057],[-73.306234,43.628018],[-73.307682,43.627492],[-73.310606,43.624114],[-73.312809,43.624602],[-73.317566,43.627355],[-73.323893,43.627629],[-73.327702,43.625913],[-73.342181,43.62607],[-73.347621,43.622509],[-73.358593,43.625065],[-73.35911,43.624598],[-73.365562,43.62344],[-73.367167,43.623622],[-73.368899,43.62471],[-73.371889,43.624489],[-73.372486,43.622751],[-73.36987,43.619711],[-73.369933,43.619093],[-73.374557,43.614677],[-73.376036,43.612596],[-73.372375,43.606014],[-73.372469,43.604848],[-73.373443,43.603292],[-73.377748,43.599656],[-73.383446,43.596778],[-73.383426,43.584727],[-73.382549,43.579193],[-73.383369,43.57677],[-73.384188,43.575512],[-73.39196,43.569915],[-73.395767,43.568087],[-73.398125,43.568065],[-73.400295,43.568889],[-73.405629,43.571179],[-73.416964,43.57773],[-73.420378,43.581489],[-73.426663,43.582974],[-73.428636,43.583994],[-73.430947,43.587036],[-73.431229,43.588285],[-73.430325,43.590532],[-73.424977,43.598775],[-73.421616,43.603023],[-73.422154,43.606511],[-73.423815,43.610989],[-73.423708,43.612356],[-73.417827,43.620586],[-73.417668,43.621687],[-73.418319,43.623325],[-73.42791,43.634428],[-73.428583,43.636543],[-73.426463,43.642598],[-73.425217,43.64429],[-73.423539,43.645676],[-73.418763,43.64788],[-73.415513,43.65245],[-73.414546,43.658209],[-73.408061,43.669438],[-73.407776,43.672519],[-73.404126,43.681339],[-73.403474,43.684694],[-73.405243,43.688367],[-73.404739,43.690213],[-73.402078,43.693106],[-73.398332,43.694625],[-73.395517,43.696831],[-73.393723,43.6992],[-73.39179,43.703481],[-73.385883,43.711336],[-73.382965,43.714058],[-73.377756,43.717712],[-73.370612,43.725329],[-73.369916,43.728789],[-73.370724,43.735571],[-73.370287,43.742269],[-73.369725,43.744274],[-73.362951,43.753181],[-73.354597,43.764167],[-73.350707,43.770463],[-73.350593,43.771939],[-73.354758,43.776721],[-73.355545,43.778468],[-73.357547,43.785933],[-73.362498,43.790211],[-73.368184,43.793346],[-73.376361,43.798766],[-73.377232,43.800565],[-73.37827,43.805995],[-73.379279,43.808391],[-73.37933,43.808476],[-73.380804,43.810951],[-73.383259,43.81331],[-73.390302,43.817371],[-73.392492,43.820779],[-73.392751,43.822196],[-73.390194,43.829364],[-73.388389,43.832404],[-73.381865,43.837315],[-73.376598,43.839357],[-73.373688,43.84261],[-73.372247,43.845337],[-73.372462,43.846266],[-73.373742,43.847693],[-73.380987,43.852633],[-73.382046,43.855008],[-73.381501,43.859235],[-73.379334,43.864648],[-73.37415,43.874163],[-73.374051,43.875563],[-73.376312,43.880292],[-73.383491,43.890951],[-73.395878,43.903044],[-73.397256,43.905668],[-73.400926,43.917048],[-73.407742,43.929887],[-73.408589,43.932933],[-73.405525,43.948813],[-73.406823,43.967317],[-73.411248,43.975596],[-73.412613,43.97998],[-73.412581,43.98272],[-73.411224,43.986202],[-73.405977,44.011485],[-73.405999,44.016229],[-73.407739,44.021312],[-73.410776,44.026944],[-73.414364,44.029526],[-73.42016,44.032004],[-73.42312,44.032759],[-73.427987,44.037708],[-73.430772,44.038746],[-73.43688,44.042578],[-73.43774,44.045006],[-73.431991,44.06345],[-73.430207,44.071716],[-73.429239,44.079414],[-73.416319,44.099422],[-73.411316,44.112686],[-73.411722,44.11754],[-73.413751,44.126068],[-73.41578,44.131523],[-73.415761,44.132826],[-73.41172,44.137825],[-73.408118,44.139373],[-73.403268,44.144295],[-73.402381,44.145856],[-73.399634,44.155326],[-73.398728,44.162248],[-73.395532,44.166122],[-73.395399,44.166903],[-73.396664,44.168831],[-73.397385,44.171596],[-73.396892,44.173846],[-73.395862,44.175785],[-73.390383,44.179486],[-73.389658,44.181249],[-73.390805,44.189072],[-73.390583,44.190886],[-73.388502,44.192318],[-73.385326,44.192597],[-73.383987,44.193158],[-73.382252,44.197178],[-73.377693,44.199453],[-73.375289,44.199868],[-73.372405,44.202165],[-73.370678,44.204546],[-73.362013,44.208545],[-73.361476,44.210374],[-73.357908,44.216193],[-73.355276,44.219554],[-73.355252,44.22287],[-73.354747,44.223599],[-73.350806,44.225943],[-73.349889,44.230356],[-73.342312,44.234531],[-73.34323,44.238049],[-73.336778,44.239557],[-73.334042,44.240971],[-73.3305,44.244254],[-73.329322,44.244504],[-73.324681,44.243614],[-73.323596,44.243897],[-73.319802,44.249547],[-73.316618,44.257769],[-73.313422,44.264199],[-73.312852,44.265346],[-73.311025,44.27424],[-73.312299,44.280025],[-73.316838,44.287683],[-73.322267,44.301523],[-73.324229,44.310023],[-73.324545,44.319247],[-73.323835,44.325418],[-73.323997,44.333842],[-73.325127,44.338534],[-73.327335,44.344369],[-73.334637,44.356877],[-73.334939,44.364441],[-73.333575,44.372288],[-73.330369,44.375987],[-73.320954,44.382669],[-73.317029,44.385978],[-73.315016,44.388513],[-73.312418,44.39471],[-73.310491,44.402601],[-73.296031,44.428339],[-73.293855,44.437556],[-73.293613,44.440559],[-73.295216,44.445884],[-73.300114,44.454711],[-73.298725,44.463957],[-73.298939,44.471304],[-73.299885,44.476652],[-73.304418,44.485739],[-73.304921,44.492209],[-73.306707,44.500334],[-73.312871,44.507246],[-73.319265,44.51196],[-73.320836,44.513631],[-73.321416,44.516454],[-73.321111,44.519857],[-73.322026,44.525289],[-73.323935,44.52712],[-73.328512,44.528478],[-73.329458,44.529203],[-73.330588,44.531034],[-73.330893,44.534269],[-73.331595,44.535924],[-73.338995,44.543302],[-73.3393,44.544477],[-73.33863,44.546842],[-73.33863,44.546844],[-73.338751,44.548046],[-73.342932,44.551907],[-73.350027,44.555392],[-73.355186,44.556918],[-73.356788,44.557918],[-73.360088,44.562546],[-73.361486,44.563518],[-73.367275,44.567545],[-73.374389,44.575455],[-73.375666,44.582038],[-73.377794,44.585128],[-73.381848,44.589316],[-73.38164,44.590583],[-73.377897,44.593848],[-73.376806,44.595455],[-73.376332,44.597218],[-73.376849,44.599598],[-73.380726,44.605239],[-73.382932,44.612184],[-73.38982,44.61721],[-73.390231,44.618353],[-73.389966,44.61962],[-73.387346,44.623672],[-73.386497,44.626924],[-73.385899,44.631044],[-73.387169,44.635542],[-73.386783,44.636369],[-73.379748,44.64036],[-73.378561,44.641475],[-73.383157,44.645764],[-73.377973,44.652918],[-73.378014,44.653846],[-73.378968,44.65518],[-73.379074,44.656772],[-73.374134,44.66234],[-73.373063,44.662713],[-73.37059,44.662518],[-73.369669,44.663478],[-73.370065,44.666071],[-73.37272,44.668739],[-73.371843,44.676956],[-73.371089,44.67753],[-73.367209,44.678513],[-73.367414,44.681292],[-73.369685,44.683758],[-73.370142,44.684853],[-73.365297,44.687546],[-73.361308,44.694523],[-73.361323,44.695369],[-73.36556,44.700297],[-73.365068,44.725646],[-73.365561,44.741786],[-73.363791,44.745254],[-73.357671,44.751018],[-73.354361,44.755296],[-73.348694,44.768246],[-73.347072,44.772988],[-73.344254,44.776282],[-73.335713,44.782086],[-73.333771,44.785192],[-73.333154,44.788759],[-73.333933,44.7992],[-73.33443,44.802188],[-73.335443,44.804602],[-73.3502,44.816394],[-73.353472,44.820386],[-73.354945,44.8215],[-73.35808,44.82331],[-73.365678,44.826451],[-73.369647,44.829136],[-73.371329,44.830742],[-73.375345,44.836307],[-73.378717,44.837358],[-73.379452,44.83801],[-73.381359,44.845021],[-73.381397,44.848805],[-73.379822,44.857037],[-73.375709,44.860745],[-73.371967,44.862414],[-73.369103,44.86668],[-73.366459,44.87504],[-73.362229,44.891463],[-73.360327,44.897236],[-73.35808,44.901325],[-73.356218,44.904492],[-73.353657,44.907346],[-73.347837,44.911309],[-73.341106,44.914632],[-73.338979,44.917681],[-73.338482,44.924112],[-73.339603,44.94337],[-73.337906,44.960541],[-73.338243,44.96475],[-73.338734,44.965886],[-73.34474,44.970468],[-73.350218,44.976222],[-73.352886,44.980644],[-73.354112,44.984062],[-73.354633,44.987352],[-73.353429,44.990165],[-73.350188,44.994304],[-73.343124,45.01084],[-73.249323,45.012181],[-73.241061,45.012752],[-73.191928,45.013621],[-73.085972,45.015494],[-73.084969,45.014751],[-73.065098,45.014786],[-73.059685,45.015869],[-73.052438,45.015721],[-73.048386,45.01479],[-73.015539,45.015072],[-73.014766,45.01498],[-72.968039,45.014098],[-72.93644,45.014267],[-72.936365,45.014656],[-72.930599,45.015152],[-72.845633,45.016659],[-72.777306,45.015873],[-72.67477,45.015459],[-72.58988,45.013237],[-72.586752,45.012881],[-72.582371,45.011543],[-72.555912,45.008304],[-72.55436,45.008275],[-72.532503,45.00786],[-72.481033,45.00887],[-72.448865,45.008537],[-72.401298,45.006589],[-72.348583,45.005625],[-72.310073,45.003822],[-72.291866,45.004496],[-72.270869,45.004186],[-72.160506,45.006185],[-72.103058,45.005598],[-72.052169,45.006369],[-72.033614,45.008878],[-72.029739,45.006782],[-72.023292,45.006792],[-71.986705,45.007872],[-71.947201,45.008359],[-71.915009,45.007791],[-71.897657,45.00822],[-71.767452,45.011437],[-71.691898,45.011419],[-71.60984,45.012709],[-71.560562,45.012555],[-71.502487,45.013367],[-71.464555,45.013637],[-71.466247,45.011959],[-71.473269,45.010586],[-71.476168,45.009054],[-71.477907,45.007453],[-71.479611,45.002905],[-71.487565,45.000936],[-71.497412,45.003878],[-71.501055,45.006742],[-71.505,45.008151],[-71.507767,45.00817],[-71.514609,45.003957],[-71.520022,45.002291],[-71.525016,45.001881],[-71.530091,44.999656],[-71.53698,44.994177],[-71.538592,44.988182],[-71.537784,44.984298],[-71.531605,44.976023],[-71.527163,44.973668],[-71.52237,44.966308],[-71.516223,44.964569],[-71.514843,44.958741],[-71.516814,44.947588],[-71.515498,44.94352],[-71.516144,44.940846],[-71.516949,44.939704],[-71.515189,44.927317],[-71.509207,44.923429],[-71.504483,44.919062],[-71.500788,44.914535],[-71.494403,44.911837],[-71.49392,44.910923],[-71.495844,44.90498],[-71.496968,44.904225],[-71.499528,44.904774],[-71.501088,44.904433],[-71.502473,44.90272],[-71.508642,44.897703],[-71.51387,44.894648],[-71.51435,44.893964],[-71.51409,44.893149],[-71.511712,44.891571],[-71.512292,44.890246],[-71.522393,44.880811],[-71.526638,44.879098],[-71.528342,44.877819],[-71.528889,44.876928],[-71.529154,44.873559],[-71.534588,44.869698],[-71.540116,44.868625],[-71.545901,44.866134],[-71.549533,44.862592],[-71.550176,44.861609],[-71.550304,44.859552],[-71.548377,44.857016],[-71.548345,44.85553],[-71.553656,44.852123],[-71.5556,44.850547],[-71.556805,44.848808],[-71.55675,44.846862],[-71.555036,44.845733],[-71.552654,44.842049],[-71.552005,44.839208],[-71.552218,44.837775],[-71.553712,44.836065],[-71.557672,44.834421],[-71.562256,44.824632],[-71.563701,44.823901],[-71.56476,44.823901],[-71.565146,44.824678],[-71.567907,44.823832],[-71.574314,44.818079],[-71.5755,44.816058],[-71.575139,44.813565],[-71.572864,44.810383],[-71.569216,44.808813],[-71.569098,44.807044],[-71.570402,44.805276],[-71.573129,44.797947],[-71.571706,44.79483],[-71.573247,44.791882],[-71.578938,44.78607],[-71.580005,44.78548],[-71.584392,44.785733],[-71.592966,44.782776],[-71.596949,44.778987],[-71.59668,44.777416],[-71.595913,44.776272],[-71.596035,44.775422],[-71.601471,44.772067],[-71.604615,44.767738],[-71.608234,44.765658],[-71.611767,44.764345],[-71.614267,44.760622],[-71.614238,44.758664],[-71.617941,44.755883],[-71.623924,44.755135],[-71.631255,44.753253],[-71.631883,44.752463],[-71.631967,44.750333],[-71.631109,44.748689],[-71.626909,44.747224],[-71.62518,44.743978],[-71.625059,44.737099],[-71.625638,44.735065],[-71.625611,44.730312],[-71.624922,44.729032],[-71.623266,44.727795],[-71.622593,44.727773],[-71.619067,44.729283],[-71.617656,44.728918],[-71.617431,44.72805],[-71.618516,44.723913],[-71.618355,44.72261],[-71.613094,44.718933],[-71.604912,44.70815],[-71.59975,44.705318],[-71.599205,44.703878],[-71.600772,44.700815],[-71.600772,44.699901],[-71.600162,44.698919],[-71.598656,44.698005],[-71.594136,44.696932],[-71.59436,44.695996],[-71.596858,44.694921],[-71.598042,44.692818],[-71.596437,44.687059],[-71.594224,44.683815],[-71.594671,44.681643],[-71.5964,44.679677],[-71.596304,44.679083],[-71.590024,44.675543],[-71.587365,44.674926],[-71.583009,44.674836],[-71.581983,44.673533],[-71.582527,44.672253],[-71.584478,44.670211],[-71.585645,44.669277],[-71.585645,44.667644],[-71.584574,44.665351],[-71.585246,44.663523],[-71.586578,44.661111],[-71.586578,44.659478],[-71.584848,44.657816],[-71.582965,44.656621],[-71.576013,44.655691],[-71.57571,44.654574],[-71.576312,44.653179],[-71.576079,44.652012],[-71.575145,44.650612],[-71.572163,44.650373],[-71.570235,44.650483],[-71.568677,44.651537],[-71.567645,44.65356],[-71.566144,44.653863],[-71.564411,44.652827],[-71.561772,44.650224],[-71.558571,44.644373],[-71.558026,44.641791],[-71.558859,44.640122],[-71.562636,44.639505],[-71.562636,44.637266],[-71.562124,44.63658],[-71.554634,44.632197],[-71.551722,44.627598],[-71.553156,44.626645],[-71.553898,44.62541],[-71.554666,44.625387],[-71.55576,44.624119],[-71.55656,44.616988],[-71.554097,44.609583],[-71.553873,44.607069],[-71.554833,44.605172],[-71.555781,44.603483],[-71.556014,44.601383],[-71.554449,44.598408],[-71.554614,44.595784],[-71.553447,44.593451],[-71.549268,44.593174],[-71.540601,44.590453],[-71.536251,44.588441],[-71.537724,44.584785],[-71.540123,44.582522],[-71.544922,44.579278],[-71.547448,44.578547],[-71.54927,44.579164],[-71.551145,44.580405],[-71.5532,44.580683],[-71.553699,44.579628],[-71.553755,44.578406],[-71.5533,44.576924],[-71.548952,44.573084],[-71.548728,44.571873],[-71.549655,44.570708],[-71.55167,44.569657],[-71.552629,44.569543],[-71.556497,44.570777],[-71.557972,44.570451],[-71.558985,44.568779],[-71.558565,44.565572],[-71.559846,44.564119],[-71.563399,44.563218],[-71.569599,44.562777],[-71.575519,44.564775],[-71.59017,44.565694],[-71.592091,44.565118],[-71.593923,44.563813],[-71.596137,44.560898],[-71.597797,44.557172],[-71.598116,44.555412],[-71.596804,44.553424],[-71.588076,44.54785],[-71.575193,44.540859],[-71.573083,44.53798],[-71.573019,44.536312],[-71.574456,44.53366],[-71.576884,44.530323],[-71.582505,44.524403],[-71.585731,44.522665],[-71.587104,44.522436],[-71.592855,44.523006],[-71.594259,44.52168],[-71.593971,44.519738],[-71.592117,44.517773],[-71.586909,44.514666],[-71.58595,44.513432],[-71.584959,44.510141],[-71.583233,44.508268],[-71.577771,44.504886],[-71.577068,44.504041],[-71.577643,44.502692],[-71.57876,44.501915],[-71.579974,44.501778],[-71.58387,44.503217],[-71.586648,44.502873],[-71.585881,44.500057],[-71.586972,44.498526],[-71.589622,44.498525],[-71.589623,44.499371],[-71.590256,44.500057],[-71.591917,44.500975],[-71.594303,44.500749],[-71.595027,44.498669],[-71.595484,44.494424],[-71.597917,44.488375],[-71.59948,44.486455],[-71.609568,44.484348],[-71.615923,44.485944],[-71.617614,44.485715],[-71.619624,44.484411],[-71.622089,44.481387],[-71.625019,44.481784],[-71.625676,44.483201],[-71.627655,44.484207],[-71.631007,44.484323],[-71.632795,44.48389],[-71.639312,44.477836],[-71.643111,44.476649],[-71.64589,44.475141],[-71.647693,44.473125],[-71.648178,44.472023],[-71.647864,44.469976],[-71.646551,44.468869],[-71.640847,44.465935],[-71.640404,44.464186],[-71.642851,44.461734],[-71.645068,44.460545],[-71.65232,44.461117],[-71.653348,44.460499],[-71.657313,44.454003],[-71.659021,44.444932],[-71.66183,44.440293],[-71.664191,44.438351],[-71.668944,44.436523],[-71.677384,44.435702],[-71.679263,44.435018],[-71.679933,44.434062],[-71.679158,44.432174],[-71.67995,44.427908],[-71.68585,44.423405],[-71.69092,44.421234],[-71.699434,44.416069],[-71.708041,44.411977],[-71.715087,44.41049],[-71.726199,44.411385],[-71.73152,44.411015],[-71.735923,44.410062],[-71.737836,44.408921],[-71.739921,44.406778],[-71.742308,44.402366],[-71.743104,44.401657],[-71.745011,44.401359],[-71.749533,44.401955],[-71.75434,44.405577],[-71.756091,44.406401],[-71.761966,44.407027],[-71.764734,44.406623],[-71.764977,44.406587],[-71.767888,44.405445],[-71.772801,44.403097],[-71.775399,44.401126],[-71.778613,44.399799],[-71.790688,44.40026],[-71.793924,44.399271],[-71.802353,44.39338],[-71.803488,44.39189],[-71.803489,44.390384],[-71.799899,44.385951],[-71.800316,44.384276],[-71.803461,44.383335],[-71.808828,44.383862],[-71.81313,44.382801],[-71.814388,44.381932],[-71.815773,44.375464],[-71.815251,44.374594],[-71.812424,44.372532],[-71.812235,44.371492],[-71.812832,44.370448],[-71.81549,44.368836],[-71.816157,44.367559],[-71.814991,44.363686],[-71.812473,44.358477],[-71.812206,44.357356],[-71.812902,44.355547],[-71.814351,44.354541],[-71.818838,44.352939],[-71.826246,44.352006],[-71.833261,44.350136],[-71.837647,44.347783],[-71.844319,44.344204],[-71.852628,44.340873],[-71.861941,44.340109],[-71.86991,44.336962],[-71.872472,44.336628],[-71.875863,44.33737],[-71.881895,44.340209],[-71.902332,44.347499],[-71.906909,44.348284],[-71.917434,44.346535],[-71.925088,44.342024],[-71.92911,44.337577],[-71.935395,44.33577],[-71.939049,44.335844],[-71.945163,44.337744],[-71.958119,44.337544],[-71.963133,44.336556],[-71.98112,44.3375],[-71.984617,44.336243],[-71.986484,44.331218],[-71.988306,44.329768],[-72.002314,44.324871],[-72.009977,44.321951],[-72.014543,44.321032],[-72.01913,44.320383],[-72.025783,44.322054],[-72.029061,44.322398],[-72.033136,44.320365],[-72.033806,44.317349],[-72.032341,44.315752],[-72.032317,44.306677],[-72.032541,44.303752],[-72.033465,44.301878],[-72.03703,44.297834],[-72.039004,44.296463],[-72.046302,44.291983],[-72.053355,44.290501],[-72.05888,44.28624],[-72.065434,44.277235],[-72.067774,44.270976],[-72.066464,44.268331],[-72.064544,44.267997],[-72.060846,44.269972],[-72.05874,44.270005],[-72.058475,44.267886],[-72.058969,44.265911],[-72.059832,44.264984],[-72.060378,44.264951],[-72.061174,44.263377],[-72.059782,44.256018],[-72.05399,44.246926],[-72.050112,44.244046],[-72.04846,44.241212],[-72.047889,44.238493],[-72.050656,44.233581],[-72.053582,44.22604],[-72.0539,44.222703],[-72.052662,44.218841],[-72.053233,44.216876],[-72.058605,44.208215],[-72.058066,44.206067],[-72.058987,44.202114],[-72.060067,44.200446],[-72.063561,44.198457],[-72.064577,44.196949],[-72.066166,44.189773],[-72.061338,44.184951],[-72.057496,44.179444],[-72.053021,44.167903],[-72.047593,44.161801],[-72.042387,44.160817],[-72.040719,44.157966],[-72.040167,44.157023],[-72.040082,44.155749],[-72.042708,44.15227],[-72.042867,44.151288],[-72.041983,44.137165],[-72.037859,44.133782],[-72.034242,44.132524],[-72.033703,44.131541],[-72.037506,44.124708],[-72.038839,44.124628],[-72.040728,44.125668],[-72.041948,44.125653],[-72.04643,44.123911],[-72.052342,44.119891],[-72.054675,44.112147],[-72.054831,44.110137],[-72.052391,44.101088],[-72.050997,44.098848],[-72.048334,44.096905],[-72.044909,44.096402],[-72.043482,44.096996],[-72.042943,44.097636],[-72.042592,44.100744],[-72.040911,44.102686],[-72.039674,44.103371],[-72.036883,44.103119],[-72.032983,44.101655],[-72.03124,44.100101],[-72.031019,44.097975],[-72.031878,44.093359],[-72.032894,44.09144],[-72.03429,44.090138],[-72.036291,44.089236],[-72.040012,44.088762],[-72.046235,44.089538],[-72.047684,44.088873],[-72.048781,44.087141],[-72.047305,44.085382],[-72.039783,44.081271],[-72.033739,44.07883],[-72.032009,44.077174],[-72.031898,44.076241],[-72.03345,44.074531],[-72.036641,44.073999],[-72.039076,44.07452],[-72.040912,44.076659],[-72.042088,44.077008],[-72.051166,44.075826],[-72.051602,44.075193],[-72.051144,44.07385],[-72.04857,44.071359],[-72.048289,44.069136],[-72.053482,44.06473],[-72.056341,44.059582],[-72.057173,44.058646],[-72.058863,44.057921],[-72.065415,44.058344],[-72.067612,44.058034],[-72.06915,44.054817],[-72.068405,44.054021],[-72.062713,44.051618],[-72.06215,44.049931],[-72.066422,44.049299],[-72.074881,44.045892],[-72.077372,44.044591],[-72.078989,44.042886],[-72.079595,44.041429],[-72.079397,44.039531],[-72.075486,44.034614],[-72.075004,44.032789],[-72.075648,44.031654],[-72.079996,44.029764],[-72.081357,44.028529],[-72.081864,44.026952],[-72.081673,44.023638],[-72.082432,44.022154],[-72.084871,44.021308],[-72.090478,44.024299],[-72.09203,44.024459],[-72.094056,44.023179],[-72.0951,44.021831],[-72.095669,44.019683],[-72.095193,44.016666],[-72.090504,44.012736],[-72.089807,44.011274],[-72.090059,44.009903],[-72.09123,44.009125],[-72.093257,44.009376],[-72.093384,44.01045],[-72.095247,44.01358],[-72.098897,44.015477],[-72.102475,44.014882],[-72.105292,44.012663],[-72.104941,44.009395],[-72.103576,44.004231],[-72.103765,44.002837],[-72.109019,44.000535],[-72.116985,43.99448],[-72.116706,43.991954],[-72.112813,43.98802],[-72.111756,43.984943],[-72.11249,43.975654],[-72.113078,43.97279],[-72.114702,43.969478],[-72.114726,43.968332],[-72.114273,43.967513],[-72.110945,43.966959],[-72.107042,43.969513],[-72.104972,43.96995],[-72.096161,43.968132],[-72.091104,43.966443],[-72.090214,43.965814],[-72.090357,43.965409],[-72.098563,43.963833],[-72.100543,43.962478],[-72.100894,43.960851],[-72.098955,43.958879],[-72.098689,43.95766],[-72.104421,43.950536],[-72.105875,43.94937],[-72.110872,43.947654],[-72.115268,43.947629],[-72.117839,43.946828],[-72.118698,43.94536],[-72.118985,43.943225],[-72.116766,43.935278],[-72.116767,43.933923],[-72.118013,43.923292],[-72.11919,43.920952],[-72.121002,43.918956],[-72.135117,43.910024],[-72.145041,43.905288],[-72.151324,43.901704],[-72.155724,43.89712],[-72.158585,43.892762],[-72.159216,43.888313],[-72.160819,43.887223],[-72.167224,43.886113],[-72.170604,43.886388],[-72.171648,43.885361],[-72.172785,43.883716],[-72.173576,43.87967],[-72.171904,43.876149],[-72.16978,43.873425],[-72.167476,43.86915],[-72.174774,43.866386],[-72.179386,43.866181],[-72.182956,43.865335],[-72.184788,43.863393],[-72.187916,43.856126],[-72.187379,43.853612],[-72.182864,43.845109],[-72.182203,43.834032],[-72.183337,43.830699],[-72.186238,43.826931],[-72.188255,43.822888],[-72.18857,43.821153],[-72.186424,43.815857],[-72.184184,43.812524],[-72.183333,43.808177],[-72.184847,43.804698],[-72.190754,43.800807],[-72.193184,43.794697],[-72.195552,43.791492],[-72.197036,43.790006],[-72.20407,43.786097],[-72.2053,43.784474],[-72.205521,43.782279],[-72.20476,43.771263],[-72.205193,43.770952],[-72.207535,43.769274],[-72.210815,43.767696],[-72.216491,43.766507],[-72.218099,43.765729],[-72.220116,43.763626],[-72.222069,43.759831],[-72.223645,43.757842],[-72.232713,43.748286],[-72.245068,43.743093],[-72.264245,43.734158],[-72.27118,43.734138],[-72.276072,43.727054],[-72.279855,43.724633],[-72.284805,43.72036],[-72.28695,43.717252],[-72.292215,43.711333],[-72.294894,43.709003],[-72.299715,43.706558],[-72.302867,43.702718],[-72.305326,43.69577],[-72.30602,43.683061],[-72.304351,43.681141],[-72.303092,43.678078],[-72.303408,43.674055],[-72.304322,43.669507],[-72.305771,43.666535],[-72.310841,43.659724],[-72.312887,43.658444],[-72.31402,43.656158],[-72.315059,43.649415],[-72.313863,43.646558],[-72.314083,43.64281],[-72.315247,43.641164],[-72.322517,43.638901],[-72.327395,43.636774],[-72.329126,43.635563],[-72.32966,43.634648],[-72.329471,43.632843],[-72.327362,43.631174],[-72.327236,43.630534],[-72.328966,43.626991],[-72.33236,43.62507],[-72.334401,43.61925],[-72.334745,43.614519],[-72.3327,43.610313],[-72.329522,43.608393],[-72.328232,43.606839],[-72.327665,43.602679],[-72.328514,43.600805],[-72.32962,43.600201],[-72.332382,43.599364],[-72.349926,43.587726],[-72.363916,43.583652],[-72.373126,43.579419],[-72.37944,43.574069],[-72.382625,43.564127],[-72.382783,43.562459],[-72.381187,43.554915],[-72.380383,43.54088],[-72.38331,43.53519],[-72.389097,43.528266],[-72.3907,43.527261],[-72.394218,43.5274],[-72.395949,43.52388],[-72.395825,43.52056],[-72.398563,43.513435],[-72.398376,43.510829],[-72.396305,43.508062],[-72.389556,43.503899],[-72.384773,43.500259],[-72.380894,43.493394],[-72.380362,43.491634],[-72.380428,43.488525],[-72.381723,43.480091],[-72.382951,43.476],[-72.384491,43.474195],[-72.391526,43.46878],[-72.3925,43.467364],[-72.392628,43.465078],[-72.390567,43.451225],[-72.391196,43.449305],[-72.393992,43.444666],[-72.395659,43.438541],[-72.395916,43.430974],[-72.399972,43.415249],[-72.400131,43.410997],[-72.403811,43.391935],[-72.405253,43.389992],[-72.413154,43.384302],[-72.415381,43.380211],[-72.415978,43.376531],[-72.415099,43.365896],[-72.414692,43.364273],[-72.413377,43.362741],[-72.403949,43.358098],[-72.400441,43.357685],[-72.39217,43.357865],[-72.390103,43.356926],[-72.39092,43.354984],[-72.395403,43.350414],[-72.399289,43.347581],[-72.400981,43.345775],[-72.409037,43.334395],[-72.410353,43.331675],[-72.410197,43.330395],[-72.408696,43.327674],[-72.402532,43.32038],[-72.397619,43.317064],[-72.395805,43.314617],[-72.395462,43.312994],[-72.401666,43.303395],[-72.407842,43.282892],[-72.41545,43.271374],[-72.421583,43.263442],[-72.435221,43.258483],[-72.436378,43.257454],[-72.438693,43.252905],[-72.438937,43.24424],[-72.436654,43.238319],[-72.434216,43.234958],[-72.433684,43.233427],[-72.433796,43.232999]]]}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted January 22, 2015; Version 1.1: June 29, 2015","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a48e4b08de9379b2fbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70138809,"text":"70138809 - 2015 - Growth rates and variances of unexploited wolf populations in dynamic equilibria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:30:56","indexId":"70138809","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth rates and variances of unexploited wolf populations in dynamic equilibria","docAbstract":"Several states have begun harvesting gray wolves (Canis lupus), and these states and various European countries are closely monitoring their wolf populations. To provide appropriate perspective for determining unusual or extreme fluctuations in their managed wolf populations, we analyzed natural, long-term, wolf-population-density trajectories totaling 130 years of data from 3 areas: Isle Royale National Park in Lake Superior, Michigan, USA; the east-central Superior National Forest in northeastern Minnesota, USA; and Denali National Park, Alaska, USA. Ratios between minimum and maximum annual sizes for 2 mainland populations (n = 28 and 46 yr) varied from 2.5–2.8, whereas for Isle Royale (n = 56 yr), the ratio was 6.3. The interquartile range (25th percentile, 75th percentile) for annual growth rates, Nt+1/Nt, was (0.88, 1.14), (0.92, 1.11), and (0.86, 1.12) for Denali, Superior National Forest, and Isle Royale respectively. We fit a density-independent model and a Ricker model to each time series, and in both cases we considered the potential for observation error. Mean growth rates from the density-independent model were close to 0 for all 3 populations, with 95% credible intervals including 0. We view the estimated model parameters, including those describing annual variability or process variance, as providing useful summaries of the trajectories of these populations. The estimates of these natural wolf population parameters can serve as benchmarks for comparison with those of recovering wolf populations. Because our study populations were all from circumscribed areas, fluctuations in them represent fluctuations in densities (i.e., changes in numbers are not confounded by changes in occupied area as would be the case with populations expanding their range, as are wolf populations in many states).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","doi":"10.1002/wsb.511","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., and Fieberg, J., 2015, Growth rates and variances of unexploited wolf populations in dynamic equilibria: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 39, no. 1, p. 41-48, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.511.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056273","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/d85d63d4c7d448c2bb1d5681d53a1c7b","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, Michigan, Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park, Isle Royale National Park, Superior National Forest","volume":"39","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a85e4b08de9379b30c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fieberg, John","contributorId":44804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fieberg","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":7201,"text":"University of Minnesota-St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70138745,"text":"70138745 - 2015 - Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-22T11:20:09","indexId":"70138745","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes","docAbstract":"Beaded streams are widespread in permafrost regions and are considered a common thermokarst landform. However, little is known about their distribution, how and under what conditions they form, and how their intriguing morphology translates to ecosystem functions and habitat. Here we report on a Circum-Arctic survey of beaded streams and a watershed-scale analysis in northern Alaska using remote sensing and field studies. We mapped over 400 channel networks with beaded morphology throughout the continuous permafrost zone of northern Alaska, Canada, and Russia and found the highest abundance associated with medium- to high- ground ice content permafrost in moderately sloping terrain. In the Fish Creek watershed, beaded streams accounted for half of the drainage density, occurring primarily as low-order channels initiating from lakes and drained lake basins. Beaded streams predictably transition to alluvial channels with increasing drainage area and decreasing channel slope, although this transition is modified by local controls on water and sediment delivery. Comparison of one beaded channel using repeat photography between 1948 and 2013 indicate a relatively stable landform and 14C dating of basal sediments suggest channel formation may be as early as the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Contemporary processes, such as deep snow accumulation in riparian zones effectively insulates channel ice and allows for perennial liquid water below most beaded stream pools. Because of this, mean annual temperatures in pool beds are greater than 2°C, leading to the development of perennial thaw bulbs or taliks underlying these thermokarst features. In the summer, some pools thermally stratify, which reduces permafrost thaw and maintains coldwater habitats. Snowmelt generated peak-flows decrease rapidly by two or more orders of magnitude to summer low flows with slow reach-scale velocity distributions ranging from 0.1 to 0.01 m/s, yet channel runs still move water rapidly between pools. The repeating spatial pattern associated with beaded stream morphology and hydrological dynamics may provide abundant and optimal foraging habitat for fish. Thus, beaded streams may create important ecosystem functions and habitat in many permafrost landscapes and their distribution and dynamics are only beginning to be recognized in Arctic research.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-12-29-2015","collaboration":"Christopher Arp; Guido Grosse; Ben Gaglioti, Matthew Whitman, Kurt Heim","usgsCitation":"Arp, C.D., Whitman, M.S., Jones, B.M., Grosse, G., Gaglioti, B.V., and Heim, K.C., 2015, Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes: Biogeosciences, v. 12, p. 29-47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-29-2015.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051327","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-29-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.41015625,\n 71.85622888185527\n ],\n [\n -140.80078125,\n 70.4367988185464\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 59.445075099047166\n ],\n [\n -173.14453125,\n 51.28940590271679\n ],\n [\n -165.41015625,\n 71.85622888185527\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6de4b08de9379b3053","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, Matthew S.","contributorId":67961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaglioti, Benjamin V. 0000-0003-0591-5253 bgaglioti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-5253","contributorId":4521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaglioti","given":"Benjamin","email":"bgaglioti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heim, Kurt C.","contributorId":138832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heim","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}