Annual county-level pesticide use was estimated for 423 herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides applied to agricultural crops grown in the conterminous United States during 2008–12. For all States except California, pesticide-use data were compiled from proprietary surveys of farm operations located within U.S. Department of Agriculture Crop Reporting Districts (CRDs). Surveyed pesticide-use data were used in conjunction with county annual harvested-crop acres reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture 2007 and 2012 Censuses of Agriculture and the 2008–11 County Agricultural Production Survey to calculate use rates per harvested-crop acre, or an “estimated pesticide use” (EPest) rate, for each crop by year. County-use estimates were then calculated by multiplying EPest rates by harvested-crop acres for each pesticide crop combination. Use estimates for California were obtained from annual Department of Pesticide Regulation-Pesticide Use Reports.
\nProprietary surveyed pesticide-use data were not available for all CRDs and years. When pesticide-survey data were unavailable for a CRD in a particular year, EPest extrapolated rates were calculated from adjoining or nearby CRDs to ensure that pesticide use was estimated for all counties where harvested-crop acres were reported. Two estimation methods were used—EPest-low and EPest high—and differed in how they treated situations when a CRD was surveyed and pesticide use was not reported for a particular pesticide-by-crop combination. California pesticide-use estimates were not extrapolated; therefore, EPest-low and EPest-high are the same for counties in California.
\nThis data series is a continuation of the 1992–2009 pesticide-use estimates reported by Stone (2013). It is an update of estimates for 2008–9 (Stone, 2013), as well as an update of the 2010–11 preliminary estimates reported by Baker and Stone (2013). EPest values from these compilations (1992–2012) are suitable for making national, regional, and watershed assessments of annual pesticide use. County-level estimates are provided to make it easier to compile watershed assessments; however, users should be aware there is a greater degree of uncertainty in individual county-level estimates when compared to CRD or State-level estimates. This report provides EPest-low and EPest-high annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States for 423 compounds during 2008–12 in tab-delimited files organized by compound, year, State Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, county FIPS code, and amount in kilograms (kg).
\nEPest-high county pesticide-use estimates were divided into tables 1 through 7 by pesticide name:
\nTable 1: 2, 4-D through Chlorantraniliprole
Table 2: Chlorethoxyfos through Diflufenzopyr
Table 3: Dimethenamid through Gibberellic acid
Table 4: Glufosinate through Metiram
Table 5: Metolachlor through Propazine
Table 6: Propiconazole through Triasulfuron
Table 7: Tribenuron methyl through Zoxamide
EPest-low county pesticide-use estimates were divided into tables 8 through 14 by pesticide name:
\nTable 8: 2, 4-D through Chlorantraniliprole
Table 9: Chlorethoxyfos through Diflufenzopyr
Table 10: Dimethenamid through Gibberellic acid
Table 11: Glufosinate through Metiram
Table 12: Metolachlor through Propazine
Table 13: Propiconazole through Triasulfuron
Table 14: Tribenuron methyl through Zoxamide
In 2008, the USGS collaborated with the NPS, the Muckleshoot and Puyallup Indian Tribes, and WDFW to develop a protocol tor monitor changes in abundance, population composition, and spatial distribution of elk on summer ranges in MORA and OLYM and winter ranges in OLYM. We developed double-observer sightability (DO-S) models that adjusted raw counts of elk as a function of factors influencing detection probabilities from the air, e.g. vegetation, elk group size, light, elk activity, and pilot experience. We plan to develop DO-S models for both MORA and OLYM summer ranges, but due to radiotelemetry collar failures in OLYM, we do not yet have enough data to model detection probabilities in OLYM.
Small-bodied songbirds replenish fat reserves during migration at stopover sites where they continually encounter novel and often unpredictable environmental conditions. The ability to select and utilize high quality habitats is critical to survival and fitness. Vegetation phenology is closely linked with emergence of insect prey and may provide valid cues of food availability for stopover habitat selection. Climate change is disrupting phenological synchrony across trophic levels with negative impacts on bird populations. However, whether synchrony or mismatch indicates historic or disrupted systems remains unclear. Many Neotropical migratory songbirds of western North America must cross arid regions where drought conditions related to climate change and human water use are expected to increase. We studied migrant abundance and the diversity (niche breadth) and proportional use of vegetation species as foraging substrates and their synchrony with vegetation flowering during spring migration along the lower Colorado River in the Sonoran Desert of the U.S. and Mexico.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Avian Biology book series","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press Taylor Francis Group","usgsCitation":"Kellermann, J.L., and van Riper, C., 2015, Phenological synchrony of bird migration with tree flowering at desert riparian stopover sites, chap. of Studies in Avian Biology book series, p. 133-144.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033638","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298949,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.taylorandfrancis.com/books/details/9781482240306/"},{"id":310071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56261480e4b0fb9a11dd764a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellermann, Jherime L.","contributorId":139843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kellermann","given":"Jherime","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13292,"text":"Ecology & Evolutionary Biology ,University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70134831,"text":"70134831 - 2015 - Attenuation of monkeypox virus by deletion of genomic regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-26T15:14:28","indexId":"70134831","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3696,"text":"Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Attenuation of monkeypox virus by deletion of genomic regions","docAbstract":"Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is an emerging pathogen from Africa that causes disease similar to smallpox. Two clades with different geographic distributions and virulence have been described. Here, we utilized bioinformatic tools to identify genomic regions in MPXV containing multiple virulence genes and explored their roles in pathogenicity; two selected regions were then deleted singularly or in combination. In vitro and in vivostudies indicated that these regions play a significant role in MPXV replication, tissue spread, and mortality in mice. Interestingly, while deletion of either region led to decreased virulence in mice, one region had no effect on in vitro replication. Deletion of both regions simultaneously also reduced cell culture replication and significantly increased the attenuation in vivo over either single deletion. Attenuated MPXV with genomic deletions present a safe and efficacious tool in the study of MPX pathogenesis and in the identification of genetic factors associated with virulence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2014.11.009","usgsCitation":"Lopera, J.G., Falendysz, E.A., Rocke, T.E., and Osorio, J., 2015, Attenuation of monkeypox virus by deletion of genomic regions: Virology, v. 475, p. 129-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.11.009.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061063","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4720520","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"2\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Africa\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[31.521,-29.2574],[31.3256,-29.402],[30.9018,-29.91],[30.6228,-30.4238],[30.0557,-31.1403],[28.9256,-32.172],[28.2198,-32.772],[27.4646,-33.227],[26.4195,-33.615],[25.9097,-33.667],[25.7806,-33.9447],[25.1729,-33.7969],[24.6779,-33.9872],[23.594,-33.7945],[22.9882,-33.9164],[22.5742,-33.8641],[21.5428,-34.2588],[20.6891,-34.4172],[20.0713,-34.7951],[19.6164,-34.8192],[19.1933,-34.4626],[18.8553,-34.4443],[18.4246,-33.9979],[18.3774,-34.1365],[18.2445,-33.8678],[18.2501,-33.2814],[17.9252,-32.6113],[18.2479,-32.4291],[18.2218,-31.6616],[17.5669,-30.7257],[17.0644,-29.8786],[17.0629,-29.876],[16.345,-28.5767],[15.6018,-27.8213],[15.2105,-27.091],[14.9897,-26.1174],[14.7432,-25.3929],[14.4081,-23.853],[14.3857,-22.6567],[14.2577,-22.1112],[13.8686,-21.699],[13.3525,-20.8728],[12.8269,-19.6732],[12.6086,-19.0454],[11.7949,-18.0691],[11.7342,-17.3019],[11.6401,-16.6731],[11.7785,-15.7938],[12.1236,-14.8783],[12.1756,-14.4491],[12.5001,-13.5477],[12.7385,-13.1379],[13.3129,-12.4836],[13.6337,-12.0386],[13.7387,-11.2979],[13.6864,-10.7311],[13.3873,-10.3736],[13.121,-9.7669],[12.8754,-9.1669],[12.9291,-8.9591],[13.2364,-8.5626],[12.933,-7.5965],[12.7283,-6.9271],[12.2274,-6.2945],[12.3224,-6.1001],[12.1823,-5.7899],[11.915,-5.038],[11.0938,-3.9788],[10.0661,-2.9695],[9.4053,-2.1443],[8.798,-1.1113],[8.8301,-0.7791],[9.0484,-0.4594],[9.2914,0.2687],[9.4929,1.0101],[9.3056,1.1609],[9.6492,2.2839],[9.7952,3.0734],[9.4044,3.7345],[8.9481,3.9041],[8.7449,4.3522],[8.4888,4.4956],[8.5003,4.772],[7.4621,4.4121],[7.0826,4.4647],[6.6981,4.2406],[5.8982,4.2625],[5.3628,4.888],[5.0336,5.6118],[4.3256,6.2707],[3.5742,6.2583],[2.6917,6.2588],[1.8652,6.1422],[1.0601,5.9288],[-0.5076,5.3435],[-1.0636,5.0006],[-1.9647,4.7105],[-2.8561,4.9945],[-3.3111,4.9843],[-4.0088,5.1798],[-4.6499,5.1683],[-5.8345,4.9937],[-6.5288,4.7051],[-7.5189,4.3383],[-7.7122,4.3646],[-7.9741,4.3558],[-9.0048,4.8324],[-9.9134,5.5936],[-10.7654,6.1407],[-11.4388,6.7859],[-11.7082,6.8601],[-12.4281,7.2629],[-12.9491,7.7987],[-13.124,8.164],[-13.2466,8.9031],[-13.6852,9.4947],[-14.074,9.8862],[-14.3301,10.0157],[-14.5797,10.2145],[-14.6932,10.6563],[-14.8396,10.8766],[-15.1303,11.0404],[-15.6642,11.4585],[-16.0852,11.5246],[-16.3148,11.8065],[-16.309,11.9587],[-16.6138,12.1709],[-16.6775,12.3849],[-16.8415,13.1514],[-16.7137,13.595],[-17.1261,14.3735],[-17.625,14.7295],[-17.1852,14.9195],[-16.7007,15.6215],[-16.4631,16.135],[-16.5497,16.6739],[-16.2706,17.167],[-16.1464,18.1085],[-16.2569,19.0967],[-16.3777,19.5938],[-16.2778,20.0925],[-16.5363,20.5679],[-17.0634,20.9998],[-17.0204,21.4223],[-16.9733,21.8857],[-16.5891,22.1582],[-16.2619,22.6793],[-16.3264,23.0178],[-15.9826,23.7234],[-15.426,24.3591],[-15.0893,24.5203],[-14.8247,25.1035],[-14.8009,25.6363],[-14.4399,26.2544],[-13.7738,26.6189],[-13.1399,27.6402],[-13.1216,27.6542],[-12.6188,28.0382],[-11.6889,28.1486],[-10.901,28.8321],[-10.3996,29.0986],[-9.5648,29.9336],[-9.8147,31.1777],[-9.4348,32.0381],[-9.3007,32.5647],[-8.6575,33.2403],[-7.6542,33.6971],[-6.9125,34.1105],[-6.2443,35.1459],[-5.93,35.76],[-5.1939,35.7552],[-4.591,35.3307],[-3.6401,35.3999],[-2.6043,35.1791],[-2.1699,35.1684],[-1.2086,35.7149],[-0.1275,35.8887],[0.5039,36.3013],[1.4669,36.6057],[3.1617,36.7839],[4.8158,36.865],[5.3201,36.7165],[6.2618,37.1107],[7.3304,37.1184],[7.7371,36.8857],[8.421,36.9464],[9.51,37.35],[10.21,37.23],[10.1807,36.724],[11.0289,37.0921],[11.1,36.9],[10.6,36.41],[10.5933,35.9474],[10.9395,35.699],[10.8079,34.8335],[10.1496,34.3308],[10.3397,33.7857],[10.8568,33.7687],[11.1085,33.2933],[11.4888,33.137],[12.6633,32.7928],[13.0833,32.8788],[13.9187,32.712],[15.2456,32.2651],[15.7139,31.3763],[16.6116,31.1822],[18.0211,30.7636],[19.0864,30.2664],[19.574,30.5258],[20.0534,30.9858],[19.8203,31.7518],[20.134,32.2382],[20.8545,32.7068],[21.543,32.8432],[22.8958,32.6386],[23.2368,32.1915],[23.6091,32.1873],[23.9275,32.0167],[24.9211,31.8994],[25.1648,31.5692],[26.4953,31.5857],[27.4576,31.3213],[28.4505,31.0258],[28.9135,30.8701],[29.6834,31.1869],[30.095,31.4734],[30.9769,31.5559],[31.688,31.4296],[31.9604,30.9336],[32.1925,31.2603],[32.9939,31.0241],[33.7734,30.9675],[34.2654,31.2194],[34.9226,29.5013],[34.6417,29.0994],[34.4266,28.344],[34.1545,27.8233],[33.9214,27.6487],[33.5881,27.9714],[33.1368,28.4177],[32.4232,29.8511],[32.3205,29.7604],[32.7348,28.7052],[33.3488,27.6999],[34.1046,26.1423],[34.4739,25.5986],[34.7951,25.0338],[35.6924,23.9267],[35.4937,23.7524],[35.526,23.1024],[36.6907,22.2049],[36.8662,22],[37.1887,21.0189],[36.9694,20.8374],[37.1147,19.808],[37.4818,18.6141],[37.8628,18.3679],[38.4101,17.9983],[38.9906,16.8406],[39.2661,15.9227],[39.8143,15.4357],[41.1793,14.4911],[41.735,13.921],[42.2768,13.344],[42.5896,13.0004],[43.0812,12.6996],[43.3179,12.3902],[43.2864,11.9749],[42.7159,11.7356],[43.1453,11.462],[43.4707,11.2777],[43.6667,10.8642],[44.1178,10.4455],[44.6143,10.4422],[45.5569,10.698],[46.6454,10.8166],[47.5257,11.1272],[48.0216,11.1931],[48.3788,11.3755],[48.9482,11.4106],[49.2678,11.4303],[49.7286,11.5789],[50.2588,11.6796],[50.732,12.0219],[51.1112,12.0246],[51.1339,11.7482],[51.0415,11.1665],[51.0453,10.6409],[50.8342,10.2797],[50.5524,9.1987],[50.0709,8.0817],[49.4527,6.8047],[48.5946,5.3391],[47.7408,4.2194],[46.5648,2.8553],[45.564,2.0458],[44.0682,1.0528],[43.136,0.2922],[42.0416,-0.9192],[41.811,-1.4465],[41.5851,-1.6833],[40.8848,-2.0826],[40.6379,-2.4998],[40.263,-2.5731],[40.1212,-3.2777],[39.8001,-3.6812],[39.6049,-4.3465],[39.2022,-4.6768],[38.7405,-5.909],[38.7998,-6.4757],[39.44,-6.84],[39.47,-7.1],[39.1947,-7.7039],[39.252,-8.0078],[39.1865,-8.4855],[39.5357,-9.1124],[39.9496,-10.0984],[40.3166,-10.3171],[40.4784,-10.7654],[40.4373,-11.7617],[40.5608,-12.6392],[40.5996,-14.202],[40.7755,-14.6918],[40.4773,-15.4063],[40.0893,-16.1008],[39.4526,-16.7209],[38.5384,-17.101],[37.4111,-17.5864],[36.2813,-18.6597],[35.8965,-18.8423],[35.1984,-19.5528],[34.7864,-19.784],[34.7019,-20.497],[35.1761,-21.2544],[35.3734,-21.8408],[35.3859,-22.14],[35.5626,-22.09],[35.5339,-23.0708],[35.3718,-23.5354],[35.6075,-23.7066],[35.4588,-24.1226],[35.0407,-24.4784],[34.2158,-24.8163],[33.0132,-25.3576],[32.5746,-25.7273],[32.6604,-26.1486],[32.916,-26.2159],[32.8301,-26.7422],[32.5803,-27.4702],[32.4621,-28.301],[32.2034,-28.7524],[31.521,-29.2574],[30.469713834464,-2.4138939312432],[30.4697,-2.4139],[30.5277,-2.8076],[30.469713834464,-2.4138939312432],[23.8058,8.6663],[24.5674,8.2292],[23.887,8.6197],[23.8058,8.6663],[31.521,-29.2574]]],[[[28.5417,-28.6475],[28.9783,-28.9556],[29.3252,-29.2574],[29.0184,-29.7438],[28.8484,-30.0701],[28.2911,-30.2262],[28.1072,-30.5457],[27.7494,-30.6451],[26.9993,-29.876],[27.5325,-29.2427],[28.0743,-28.8515],[28.5417,-28.6475],[28.5417,-28.6475]]],[[[49.5435,-12.4698],[49.809,-12.8953],[50.0565,-13.5558],[50.2174,-14.7588],[50.4765,-15.2265],[50.3771,-15.7061],[50.2003,-16.0003],[49.8606,-15.4143],[49.6726,-15.7102],[49.8633,-16.451],[49.7746,-16.875],[49.4986,-17.106],[49.4356,-17.9531],[49.0418,-19.1188],[48.5485,-20.4969],[47.9308,-22.3915],[47.5477,-23.782],[47.0958,-24.9416],[46.2825,-25.1785],[45.4095,-25.6014],[44.8336,-25.3461],[44.0397,-24.9884],[43.7638,-24.4607],[43.6978,-23.5741],[43.3457,-22.7769],[43.2542,-22.0574],[43.4333,-21.3365],[43.8937,-21.1633],[43.8964,-20.8305],[44.3743,-20.0724],[44.4644,-19.4355],[44.2324,-18.962],[44.043,-18.3314],[43.9631,-17.4099],[44.3125,-16.8505],[44.4465,-16.2162],[44.9449,-16.1794],[45.5027,-15.9744],[45.873,-15.7935],[46.3122,-15.78],[46.8822,-15.2102],[47.7051,-14.5943],[48.0052,-14.0912],[47.8691,-13.6639],[48.2938,-13.7841],[48.8451,-13.0892],[48.8635,-12.4879],[49.1947,-12.0406],[49.5435,-12.4698],[49.5435,-12.4698]]]]}}]}","volume":"475","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5482d728e4b0aa6d77852ff0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopera, Juan G.","contributorId":7574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopera","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falendysz, Elizabeth A. 0000-0003-2895-8918 efalendysz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2895-8918","contributorId":127735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falendysz","given":"Elizabeth","email":"efalendysz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osorio, Jorge E.","contributorId":50392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osorio","given":"Jorge E.","affiliations":[{"id":13052,"text":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70124465,"text":"fs20143070 - 2015 - Social and Economic Analysis Branch: integrating policy, social, economic, and natural science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-15T08:41:02","indexId":"fs20143070","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-14T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3070","title":"Social and Economic Analysis Branch: integrating policy, social, economic, and natural science","docAbstract":"The Fort Collins Science Center's Social and Economic Analysis Branch provides unique capabilities in the U.S. Geological Survey by leading projects that integrate social, behavioral, economic, and natural science in the context of human–natural resource interactions. Our research provides scientific understanding and support for the management and conservation of our natural resources in support of multiple agency missions. We focus on meeting the scientific needs of the Department of the Interior natural resource management bureaus in addition to fostering partnerships with other Federal and State managers to protect, restore, and enhance our environment. The Social and Economic Analysis Branch has an interdisciplinary group of scientists whose primary functions are to conduct both theoretical and applied social science research, provide technical assistance, and offer training to support the development of skills in natural resource management activities. Management and research issues associated with human-resource interactions typically occur in a unique context and require knowledge of both natural and social sciences, along with the skill to integrate multiple science disciplines. In response to these challenging contexts, Social and Economic Analysis Branch researchers apply a wide variety of social science concepts and methods which complement our rangeland/agricultural, wildlife, ecology, and biology capabilities. The goal of the Social and Economic Analysis Branch's research is to enhance natural-resource management, agency functions, policies, and decisionmaking.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143070","usgsCitation":"Schuster, R., and Walters, K.D., 2015, Social and Economic Analysis Branch: integrating policy, social, economic, and natural science: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3070, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143070.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056925","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3070/"},{"id":297258,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143070.jpg"},{"id":297257,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3070/pdf/fs2014-3070.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab5e4b08de9379b319a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, Rudy 0000-0003-2353-8500 schusterr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-8500","contributorId":3119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Rudy","email":"schusterr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":519438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Katie D. waltersk@usgs.gov","contributorId":741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Katie","email":"waltersk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135044,"text":"sir20145225 - 2015 - A summary of the benthic-invertebrate and fish-community data from streams in the Indianapolis metropolitan area, Indiana, 1981-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-14T15:09:59","indexId":"sir20145225","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-14T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5225","title":"A summary of the benthic-invertebrate and fish-community data from streams in the Indianapolis metropolitan area, Indiana, 1981-2012","docAbstract":"Intermittently, during 1981–2012, the U.S. Geological Survey sampled sites in the White River and several tributaries in the Indianapolis metropolitan area of Indiana for benthic invertebrates and fish communities. During 1981–87, one study focused on benthic-invertebrate data collection at three sites along the White River. During 1994–96, 21 sites were sampled for benthic invertebrates; after 1999, up to 13 sites were sampled for benthic invertebrates and fish communities. The information collected during these studies was used in conjunction with the Indianapolis Department of Public Works and CWA Authority, Inc., programs to help improve overall health of the White River and its tributaries by reducing combined sewer overflows and other point and non-point sources of pollution in the Indianapolis area.
\nBeginning in 1994, the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) Index and Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI) were calculated. Beginning in 1999, the Invertebrate Community Index (ICI) also was calculated from the benthic-invertebrate data. Fish-community data were collected periodically from 1999 to 2012, from which an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) was calculated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145225","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indianapolis Department of Public Works, and CWA Authority, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Voelker, D.C., Bunch, A.R., Dobrowolski, E.G., and Shoda, M.E., 2015, A summary of the benthic-invertebrate and fish-community data from streams in the Indianapolis metropolitan area, Indiana, 1981-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5225, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145225.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1981-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052898","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145225.jpg"},{"id":297251,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5225/pdf/sir2014-5225.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297247,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5225/"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers equal area projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Indianapolis","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.627197265625,\n 39.21523130910493\n ],\n [\n -86.627197265625,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 39.21523130910493\n ],\n [\n -86.627197265625,\n 39.21523130910493\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a4ee4b08de9379b2fd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voelker, David C. dvoelker@usgs.gov","contributorId":278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voelker","given":"David","email":"dvoelker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunch, Aubrey R. 0000-0002-2453-3624 aurbunch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-3624","contributorId":4351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunch","given":"Aubrey","email":"aurbunch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobrowolski, Edward G. 0000-0001-9840-4609 edobrowo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9840-4609","contributorId":5555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobrowolski","given":"Edward","email":"edobrowo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shoda, Megan E. 0000-0002-5343-9717 meshoda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5343-9717","contributorId":4352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoda","given":"Megan","email":"meshoda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70137986,"text":"70137986 - 2015 - Plant diversity predicts beta but not alpha diversity of soil microbes across grasslands worldwide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:58:15","indexId":"70137986","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-14T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant diversity predicts beta but not alpha diversity of soil microbes across grasslands worldwide","docAbstract":"Aboveground–belowground interactions exert critical controls on the composition and function of terrestrial ecosystems, yet the fundamental relationships between plant diversity and soil microbial diversity remain elusive. Theory predicts predominantly positive associations but tests within single sites have shown variable relationships, and associations between plant and microbial diversity across broad spatial scales remain largely unexplored. We compared the diversity of plant, bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in one hundred and forty-five 1 m2 plots across 25 temperate grassland sites from four continents. Across sites, the plant alpha diversity patterns were poorly related to those observed for any soil microbial group. However, plant beta diversity (compositional dissimilarity between sites) was significantly correlated with the beta diversity of bacterial and fungal communities, even after controlling for environmental factors. Thus, across a global range of temperate grasslands, plant diversity can predict patterns in the composition of soil microbial communities, but not patterns in alpha diversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ele.12381","usgsCitation":"Prober, S.M., Leff, J.W., Bates, S.T., Borer, E.T., Firn, J., Harpole, W., Lind, E., Seabloom, E.W., Adler, P.B., Bakker, J.D., Cleland, E., DeCrappeo, N., DeLorenze, E., Hagenah, N., Hautier, Y., Hofmockel, K.S., Kirkman, K.P., Knops, J.M., La Pierre, K.J., MacDougall, A.S., McCulley, R.L., Mitchell, C., Risch, A., Schuetz, M., Stevens, C.J., Williams, R.J., and Fierer, N., 2015, Plant diversity predicts beta but not alpha diversity of soil microbes across grasslands worldwide: Ecology Letters, v. 18, no. 1, p. 85-95, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12381.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059374","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t99q8fk","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa, Australia, Europe, North America","volume":"18","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2aa2e4b08de9379b3154","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prober, Suzanne M.","contributorId":74498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prober","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leff, Jonathan W.","contributorId":138706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leff","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12502,"text":"University of Colorado - Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bates, Scott T.","contributorId":138707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bates","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12503,"text":"University of Minnesota - Saint Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borer, Elizabeth T.","contributorId":45049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Firn, Jennifer","contributorId":66405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Firn","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harpole, W. Stanley","contributorId":138708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harpole","given":"W. Stanley","affiliations":[{"id":12468,"text":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lind, Eric M.","contributorId":44828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lind","given":"Eric M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Seabloom, Eric W.","contributorId":60762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seabloom","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Adler, Peter B.","contributorId":64789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adler","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bakker, Jonathan D.","contributorId":15754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakker","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cleland, Elsa E.","contributorId":92790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleland","given":"Elsa E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"DeCrappeo, Nicole 0000-0002-6928-8853 ndecrappeo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6928-8853","contributorId":1939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCrappeo","given":"Nicole","email":"ndecrappeo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"DeLorenze, Elizabeth","contributorId":138709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLorenze","given":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hagenah, Nicole","contributorId":95998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagenah","given":"Nicole","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Hautier, Yann","contributorId":84065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hautier","given":"Yann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Hofmockel, Kirsten S.","contributorId":69038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofmockel","given":"Kirsten","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12468,"text":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Kirkman, Kevin P.","contributorId":81240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkman","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Knops, Johannes M. H.","contributorId":138710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knops","given":"Johannes","email":"","middleInitial":"M. H.","affiliations":[{"id":12505,"text":"University of Nebraska - Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"La Pierre, Kimberly J.","contributorId":60763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Pierre","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"MacDougall, Andrew S.","contributorId":39509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDougall","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"McCulley, Rebecca L.","contributorId":102197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulley","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Mitchell, Charles E.","contributorId":99689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Risch, Anita C.","contributorId":47902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risch","given":"Anita C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Schuetz, Martin","contributorId":7408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuetz","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Stevens, Carly J.","contributorId":89658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Carly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Williams, Ryan J.","contributorId":11937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12468,"text":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Fierer, Noah","contributorId":138711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fierer","given":"Noah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}} ,{"id":70137978,"text":"70137978 - 2015 - Total- and methyl-mercury concentrations and methylation rates across the freshwater to hypersaline continuum of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:28:39","indexId":"70137978","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-14T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Total- and methyl-mercury concentrations and methylation rates across the freshwater to hypersaline continuum of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"We examined mercury (Hg) speciation in water and sediment of the Great Salt Lake and surrounding wetlands, a locale spanning fresh to hypersaline and oxic to anoxic conditions, in order to test the hypothesis that spatial and temporal variations in Hg concentration and methylation rates correspond to observed spatial and temporal trends in Hg burdens previously reported in biota. Water column, sediment, and pore water concentrations of methylmercury (MeHg) and total mercury (THg), as well as related aquatic chemical parameters were examined. Inorganic Hg(II)-methylation rates were determined in selected water column and sediment subsamples spiked with inorganic divalent mercury (204Hg(II)). Net production of Me204Hg was expressed as apparent first-order rate constants for methylation (kmeth), which were also expanded to MeHg production potential (MPP) rates via combination with tin reducible ‘reactive’ Hg(II) (Hg(II)R) as a proxy for bioavailable Hg(II). Notable findings include: 1) elevated Hg concentrations previously reported in birds and brine flies were spatially proximal to the measured highest MeHg concentrations, the latter occurring in the anoxic deep brine layer (DBL) of the Great Salt Lake; 2) timing of reduced Hg(II)-methylation rates in the DBL (according to both kmeth and MPP) coincides with reduced Hg burdens among aquatic invertebrates (brine shrimp and brine flies) that act as potential vectors of Hg propagation to the terrestrial ecosystem; 3) values ofkmeth were found to fall within the range reported by other studies; and 4) MPP rates were on the lower end of the range reported in methodologically comparable studies, suggesting the possibility that elevated MeHg in the anoxic deep brine layer results from its accumulation and persistence in this quasi-isolated environment, due to the absence of light (restricting abiotic photo demethylation) and/or minimal microbiological demethylation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.092","usgsCitation":"Johnson, W.P., Swanson, N., Black, B., Rudd, A., Carling, G., Fernandez, D.P., Luft, J., Van Leeuwen, J., and Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., 2015, Total- and methyl-mercury concentrations and methylation rates across the freshwater to hypersaline continuum of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 511, p. 489-500, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.092.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"500","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062111","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.77740478515624,\n 40.576412521044425\n ],\n [\n -112.77740478515624,\n 41.69752591075902\n ],\n [\n -111.75567626953124,\n 41.69752591075902\n ],\n [\n -111.75567626953124,\n 40.576412521044425\n ],\n [\n -112.77740478515624,\n 40.576412521044425\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"511","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ac3e4b08de9379b31eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, William P.","contributorId":107288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, Neil","contributorId":138698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swanson","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12499,"text":"Univ. of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Black, Brooks","contributorId":138699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Black","given":"Brooks","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12499,"text":"Univ. of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rudd, Abigail","contributorId":138700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudd","given":"Abigail","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12500,"text":"Brooks-Rand LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carling, Gregory 0000-0001-5820-125X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5820-125X","contributorId":69459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carling","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6681,"text":"Brigham Young University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fernandez, Diego P.","contributorId":138701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Diego","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12499,"text":"Univ. of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luft, John","contributorId":138702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luft","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12501,"text":"State of Utah Division of Wildlife Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Van Leeuwen, Jim","contributorId":138703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Leeuwen","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12501,"text":"State of Utah Division of Wildlife Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70137977,"text":"70137977 - 2015 - Landslide mobility and hazards: implications of the 2014 Oso disaster","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-14T14:04:32","indexId":"70137977","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-14T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslide mobility and hazards: implications of the 2014 Oso disaster","docAbstract":"Landslides reflect landscape instability that evolves over meteorological and geological timescales, and they also pose threats to people, property, and the environment. The severity of these threats depends largely on landslide speed and travel distance, which are collectively described as landslide “mobility”. To investigate causes and effects of mobility, we focus on a disastrous landslide that occurred on 22 March 2014 near Oso, Washington, USA, following a long period of abnormally wet weather. The landslide's impacts were severe because its mobility exceeded that of prior historical landslides at the site, and also exceeded that of comparable landslides elsewhere. The ∼8×106 m3 landslide originated on a gently sloping (<20°) riverside bluff only 180 m high, yet it traveled across the entire ∼1 km breadth of the adjacent floodplain and spread laterally a similar distance. Seismological evidence indicates that high-speed, flowing motion of the landslide began after about 50 s of preliminary slope movement, and observational evidence supports the hypothesis that the high mobility of the landslide resulted from liquefaction of water-saturated sediment at its base. Numerical simulation of the event using a newly developed model indicates that liquefaction and high mobility can be attributed to compression- and/or shear-induced sediment contraction that was strongly dependent on initial conditions. An alternative numerical simulation indicates that the landslide would have been far less mobile if its initial porosity and water content had been only slightly lower. Sensitive dependence of landslide mobility on initial conditions has broad implications for assessment of landslide hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.020","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., George, D.L., Allstadt, K., Reid, M.E., Collins, B.D., Vallance, J.W., Schilling, S.P., Godt, J.W., Cannon, C., Magirl, C.S., Baum, R.L., Coe, J.A., Schulz, W.H., and Bower, J.B., 2015, Landslide mobility and hazards: implications of the 2014 Oso disaster: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 412, p. 197-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.020.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057147","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.020","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Oso","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.85593128204344,\n 48.271597036521754\n ],\n [\n -121.85593128204344,\n 48.287990412094665\n ],\n [\n -121.83001041412354,\n 48.287990412094665\n ],\n [\n -121.83001041412354,\n 48.271597036521754\n ],\n [\n -121.85593128204344,\n 48.271597036521754\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"412","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a8fe4b08de9379b30f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, David L. 0000-0002-5726-0255 dgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-0255","contributorId":3120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"David","email":"dgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allstadt, Kate E.","contributorId":138696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allstadt","given":"Kate E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. bcollins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cannon, Charles ccannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Charles","email":"ccannon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schulz, William H. 0000-0001-9980-3580 wschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9980-3580","contributorId":942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"wschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Bower, J. Brent","contributorId":138697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bower","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brent","affiliations":[{"id":12498,"text":"NOAA National Weather Service, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70137971,"text":"70137971 - 2015 - Quantifying water requirements of riparian river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia: Implications for the management of environmental flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T11:40:40","indexId":"70137971","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-14T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying water requirements of riparian river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia: Implications for the management of environmental flows","docAbstract":"Water resource development and drought have altered river flow regimes, increasing average flood return intervals across floodplains in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, causing health declines in riparian river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) forests and woodlands. Environmental flow allocations helped to alleviate water stress during the recent Millennium Drought (1997–2010), however, quantification of the flood frequency required to support healthy E. camaldulensis communities is still needed. We quantified water requirements of E. camaldulensis for two years across a flood gradient (trees inundated at frequencies of 1:2, 1:5 and 1:10 years) at Yanga National Park, New South Wales to help inform management decision-making and design of environmental flows. Sap flow, evaporative losses and soil moisture measurements were used to determine transpiration, evapotranspiration and plant-available soil water before and after flooding. A formula was developed using plant-available soil water post-flooding and average annual rainfall, to estimate maintenance time of soil water reserves in each flood frequency zone. Results indicated that soil water reserves could sustain 1:2 and 1:5 trees for 15 months and six years, respectively. Trees regulated their transpiration rates, allowing them to persist within their flood frequency zone, and showed reduction in active sapwood area and transpiration rates when flood frequencies exceeded 1:2 years. A leaf area index of 0.5 was identified as a potential threshold indicator of severe drought stress. Our results suggest environmental water managers may have greater flexibility to adaptively manage floodplains in order to sustain E. camaldulensis forests and woodlands than has been appreciated hitherto.
The rural and unregulated Llano River watershed located in central Texas, USA, has a highly variable flow regime and a wide range of instantaneous peak flows. Abrupt transitions in surface lithology exist along the main-stem channel course. Both of these characteristics afford an opportunity to examine hydrologic, lithologic, and sedimentary controls on downstream changes in channel morphology. Field surveys of channel topography and boundary composition are coupled with sediment analyses, hydraulic computations, flood-frequency analyses, and geographic information system mapping to discern controls on channel geometry (profile, pattern, and shape) and dimensions along the mixed alluvial-bedrock Llano River and key tributaries. Four categories of channel classification in a downstream direction include: (i) uppermost ephemeral reaches, (ii) straight or sinuous gravel-bed channels in Cretaceous carbonate sedimentary zones, (iii) straight or sinuous gravel-bed or bedrock channels in Paleozoic sedimentary zones, and (iv) straight, braided, or multithread mixed alluvial–bedrock channels with sandy beds in Precambrian igneous and metamorphic zones. Principal findings include: (i) a nearly linear channel profile attributed to resistant bedrock incision checkpoints; (ii) statistically significant correlations of both alluvial sinuosity and valley confinement to relatively high f (mean depth) hydraulic geometry values; (iii) relatively high b (width) hydraulic geometry values in partly confined settings with sinuous channels upstream from a prominent incision checkpoint; (iv) different functional flow categories including frequently occurring events (< 1.5-year return periods) that mobilize channel-bed material and less frequent events that determine bankfull channel (1.5- to 3-year return periods) and macrochannel (10- to 40-year return periods) dimensions; (v) macrochannels with high f values (most ≤ 0.45) that develop at sites with unit stream power values in excess of 200 watts per square meter (W/m2); and (vi) downstream convergence of hydraulic geometry exponents for bankfull and macrochannels, explained by co-increases of flood magnitude and noncohesive sandy sediments that collectively minimize development of alluvial bankfull indicators. Collectively, these findings indicate that mixed alluvial–bedrock channels exhibit first-order lithologic controls (lithologic resistance and valley confinement) of channel geometry, second-order hydrologic (flow regime) control of channel dimensions, and third-order sedimentary controls that exert subsidiary influence on channel shape and bed configuration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.12.033","usgsCitation":"Heitmuller, F.T., Hudson, P.F., and Asquith, W.H., 2015, Lithologic and hydrologic controls of mixed alluvial-bedrock channels in flood-prone fluvial systems: bankfull and macrochannels in the Llano River watershed, central Texas, USA: Geomorphology, v. 232, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.12.033.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059853","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297224,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Llano River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.56658935546875,\n 30.36102635890718\n ],\n [\n -98.56658935546875,\n 30.958768570779846\n ],\n [\n -97.83050537109375,\n 30.958768570779846\n ],\n [\n -97.83050537109375,\n 30.36102635890718\n ],\n [\n -98.56658935546875,\n 30.36102635890718\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"232","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a92e4b08de9379b3100","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.12.033","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.12.033","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Heitmuller Franklin T., Hudson Paul F., Asquith William H.","journalName":"Geomorphology","publicationDate":"3/2015","auditedOn":"2/13/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heitmuller, Frank T.","contributorId":138602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heitmuller","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12460,"text":"The University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Paul F.","contributorId":138603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12461,"text":"Leiden University College The Hague","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70125399,"text":"sir20145158 - 2015 - Baseline water-quality sampling to infer nutrient and contaminant sources at Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai‘i, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-27T09:34:15","indexId":"sir20145158","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-14T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5158","title":"Baseline water-quality sampling to infer nutrient and contaminant sources at Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai‘i, 2009","docAbstract":"Baseline water-quality sampling was conducted for dissolved nutrients and for chemical and isotopic tracers at Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park on the Island of Hawai'i. Existing and future urbanization in the surrounding areas have the potential to affect water quality in the Park, and so the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey designed a water-sampling strategy to document baseline conditions against which future changes can be compared. Sites in and near the Park were sampled twice, in July and December 2009, and included four anchialine pools, two large fishponds, five monitoring wells, an upland production well, tap water, and a holding pond for golf-course irrigation water. Water samples within the coastal park were brackish, ranging in salinity from 15 to 67 percent seawater. Samples were analyzed for dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), stable isotopes (nitrogen and oxygen in dissolved nitrate; hydrogen and oxygen in the water molecule), pharmaceuticals, wastewater compounds, and volatile organic compounds. A case of acute, but temporary, fertilizer contamination was evident along the Park's north boundary during the turf grow-in period of a newly constructed golf course. A maximum nitrogen concentration 280 percent above background level was measured in monitoring well MW401 in July, later falling to 109 percent above background by December. Two nearby sites (MW400 and AP 144) had nitrogen concentrations that were elevated compared to remaining sites but less severely than at MW401. Aside from this localized fertilizer influence, other water samples had lower nutrient enrichments: 40 percent or less above background for nitrogen and 57 percent or less above background for phosphorus. Background was defined in this study by a graphical mixing line between saltwater from a deep well in the Park and freshwater at a reference well in the mountainous uplands (Honokōhau production well, at 1,675 ft altitude). Potential nutrient sources between the uplands and coastal lowlands that could contribute to enrichment include rock weathering, natural vegetation, fertilizers, septic leachate, and atmospheric deposition – including motor-vehicle exhaust.
\nSome fraction of septic leachate is expected in groundwater because there are unsewered suburban and commercial developments upslope from the Park that rely on cesspools and septic systems. However, stable isotopes of nitrate did not implicate septic-waste nitrogen (heavy δ15N values on the order of +10 per mil or greater). Instead, the heaviest δ15N values of +6 to +8 per mil were associated with the large fishponds, likely as a result of biotic cycling. Water samples with δ15N values of +3 to +5 per mil were still isotopically heavier than the upland groundwater value of +2 per mil and likely reflect addition of heavier nitrogen, possibly from septic sources, nitrogen-fixing vegetation, or vehicular exhaust. Pharmaceuticals, wastewater compounds, and volatile organic compounds indicated that if contamination is present, it appears to be at low, barely detectable, levels--at least as reflected by the results of this study. The most diagnostic indication of septic contamination was at monitoring well KAHO 2, closest to Kaloko Light Industrial Park, where three pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, and thiobendazole) were detected at trace-level parts-per-trillion concentrations. A screening-level test for laundry fabric brighteners indicated positive detection at most sites; however, readings were quite low and if laundry graywater is present, it appears to be a small, dilute fraction. Because the weather was persistently dry throughout the study period, the USGS team was unable to conduct a wet-weather “storm” sampling. Wet-weather results are expected to differ from those reported here, though by how much remains unknown.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145158","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Hunt, C.D., 2015, Baseline water-quality sampling to infer nutrient and contaminant sources at Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai‘i, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5158, Report: vii, 52 p.; 2 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145158.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 52 p.; 2 Tables","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-029480","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145158.gif"},{"id":297211,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5158/downloads/sir2014-5158_report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297212,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5158/downloads/sir2014-5158_table3.xlsx","text":"Table 3","size":"48 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 3","linkHelpText":"Laboratory results and field measurements for water samples collected at Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai‘i, July 23-28, 2009."},{"id":297213,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5158/downloads/sir2014-5158_table4.xlsx","text":"Table 4","size":"46 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 4","linkHelpText":"Laboratory results and field measurements for water samples collected at Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai‘i, November 30-December 2, 2009."},{"id":297210,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5158/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai‘i","otherGeospatial":"Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.06903076171875,\n 19.598606721590237\n ],\n [\n -156.06903076171875,\n 19.73697619787738\n ],\n [\n -155.94268798828125,\n 19.73697619787738\n ],\n [\n -155.94268798828125,\n 19.598606721590237\n ],\n [\n -156.06903076171875,\n 19.598606721590237\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a58e4b08de9379b2ff7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Charles D. Jr. cdhunt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Charles","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cdhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70137864,"text":"70137864 - 2015 - Fluid pressure responses for a Devil's Slide-like system: problem formulation and simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T10:28:04","indexId":"70137864","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-14T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid pressure responses for a Devil's Slide-like system: problem formulation and simulation","docAbstract":"This study employs a hydrogeologic simulation approach to investigate subsurface fluid pressures for a landslide-prone section of the central California, USA, coast known as Devil's Slide. Understanding the relative changes in subsurface fluid pressures is important for systems, such as Devil's Slide, where slope creep can be interrupted by episodic slip events. Surface mapping, exploratory core, tunnel excavation records, and dip meter data were leveraged to conceptualize the parameter space for three-dimensional (3D) Devil's Slide-like simulations. Field observations (i.e. seepage meter, water retention, and infiltration experiments; well records; and piezometric data) and groundwater flow simulation (i.e. one-dimensional vertical, transient, and variably saturated) were used to design the boundary conditions for 3D Devil's Slide-like problems. Twenty-four simulations of steady-state saturated subsurface flow were conducted in a concept-development mode. Recharge, heterogeneity, and anisotropy are shown to increase fluid pressures for failure-prone locations by up to 18.1, 4.5, and 1.8% respectively. Previous estimates of slope stability, driven by simple water balances, are significantly improved upon with the fluid pressures reported here. The results, for a Devil's Slide-like system, provide a foundation for future investigations
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Chichester, England","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10267","usgsCitation":"Thomas, M.A., Loague, K., and Voss, C.I., 2015, Fluid pressure responses for a Devil's Slide-like system: problem formulation and simulation: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1450-1465, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10267.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1450","endPage":"1465","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057308","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.52433776855469,\n 37.57070524233116\n ],\n [\n -122.52433776855469,\n 37.586554436599386\n ],\n [\n -122.51051902770996,\n 37.586554436599386\n ],\n [\n -122.51051902770996,\n 37.57070524233116\n ],\n [\n -122.52433776855469,\n 37.57070524233116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a79e4b08de9379b308f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Matthew A.","contributorId":138657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12482,"text":"Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Building 320, Stanford, California 94305-2115, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loague, Keith","contributorId":22408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loague","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70121186,"text":"70121186 - 2015 - Implications of the circumpolar genetic structure of polar bears for their conservation in a rapidly warming Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:04:43","indexId":"70121186","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-13T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of the circumpolar genetic structure of polar bears for their conservation in a rapidly warming Arctic","docAbstract":"We provide an expansive analysis of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) circumpolar genetic variation during the last two decades of decline in their sea-ice habitat. We sought to evaluate whether their genetic diversity and structure have changed over this period of habitat decline, how their current genetic patterns compare with past patterns, and how genetic demography changed with ancient fluctuations in climate. Characterizing their circumpolar genetic structure using microsatellite data, we defined four clusters that largely correspond to current ecological and oceanographic factors: Eastern Polar Basin, Western Polar Basin, Canadian Archipelago and Southern Canada. We document evidence for recent (ca. last 1–3 generations) directional gene flow from Southern Canada and the Eastern Polar Basin towards the Canadian Archipelago, an area hypothesized to be a future refugium for polar bears as climate-induced habitat decline continues. Our data provide empirical evidence in support of this hypothesis. The direction of current gene flow differs from earlier patterns of gene flow in the Holocene. From analyses of mitochondrial DNA, the Canadian Archipelago cluster and the Barents Sea subpopulation within the Eastern Polar Basin cluster did not show signals of population expansion, suggesting these areas may have served also as past interglacial refugia. Mismatch analyses of mitochondrial DNA data from polar and the paraphyletic brown bear (U. arctos) uncovered offset signals in timing of population expansion between the two species, that are attributed to differential demographic responses to past climate cycling. Mitogenomic structure of polar bears was shallow and developed recently, in contrast to the multiple clades of brown bears. We found no genetic signatures of recent hybridization between the species in our large, circumpolar sample, suggesting that recently observed hybrids represent localized events. Documenting changes in subpopulation connectivity will allow polar nations to proactively adjust conservation actions to continuing decline in sea-ice habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0112021","usgsCitation":"Peacock, E.L., Sonsthagen, S.A., Obbard, M.E., Boltunov, A.N., Regehr, E.V., Ovsyanikov, N., Aars, J., Atkinson, S.N., Sage, G.K., Hope, A.G., Zeyl, E., Bachmann, L., Ehrich, D., Scribner, K.T., Amstrup, S.C., Belikov, S., Born, E.W., Derocher, A.E., Stirling, I., Taylor, M.K., Wiig, Ø., Paetkau, D., and Talbot, S.L., 2015, Implications of the circumpolar genetic structure of polar bears for their conservation in a rapidly warming Arctic: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 1, e112021; 30 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112021.","productDescription":"e112021; 30 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051731","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -172.96875,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -172.96875,\n 85.02070774312594\n ],\n [\n 180.703125,\n 85.02070774312594\n ],\n [\n 180.703125,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -172.96875,\n 45.336701909968106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a88e4b08de9379b30d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peacock, Elizabeth L. 0000-0001-7279-0329 lpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-0329","contributorId":3361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Elizabeth","email":"lpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obbard, Martyn E.","contributorId":108002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obbard","given":"Martyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6780,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boltunov, Andrei N.","contributorId":98682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boltunov","given":"Andrei","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ovsyanikov, Nikita","contributorId":131123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ovsyanikov","given":"Nikita","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aars, Jon","contributorId":91338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aars","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Atkinson, Stephen N.","contributorId":12365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hope, Andrew G. 0000-0003-3814-2891 ahope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-2891","contributorId":4309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hope","given":"Andrew","email":"ahope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zeyl, Eve","contributorId":79733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zeyl","given":"Eve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bachmann, Lutz","contributorId":94893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachmann","given":"Lutz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ehrich, Dorothee","contributorId":138658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehrich","given":"Dorothee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":95434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Belikov, Stanislav","contributorId":19513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belikov","given":"Stanislav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Born, Erik W.","contributorId":8379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Born","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Derocher, Andrew E.","contributorId":96189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derocher","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Stirling, Ian","contributorId":72079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Taylor, Mitchell K.","contributorId":131049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Mitchell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Wiig, Øystein","contributorId":13469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"Øystein","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Paetkau, David","contributorId":97712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paetkau","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}} ,{"id":70134307,"text":"tm3B10 - 2015 - U.S. Geological Survey groundwater toolbox, a graphical and mapping interface for analysis of hydrologic data (version 1.0): user guide for estimation of base flow, runoff, and groundwater recharge from streamflow data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-13T15:17:29","indexId":"tm3B10","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-13T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3-B10","title":"U.S. Geological Survey groundwater toolbox, a graphical and mapping interface for analysis of hydrologic data (version 1.0): user guide for estimation of base flow, runoff, and groundwater recharge from streamflow data","docAbstract":"This report is a user guide for the streamflow-hydrograph analysis methods provided with version 1.0 of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Groundwater Toolbox computer program. These include six hydrograph-separation methods to determine the groundwater-discharge (base-flow) and surface-runoff components of streamflow—the Base-Flow Index (BFI; Standard and Modified), HYSEP (Fixed Interval, Sliding Interval, and Local Minimum), and PART methods—and the RORA recession-curve displacement method and associated RECESS program to estimate groundwater recharge from streamflow data. The Groundwater Toolbox is a customized interface built on the nonproprietary, open source MapWindow geographic information system software. The program provides graphing, mapping, and analysis capabilities in a Microsoft Windows computing environment. In addition to the four hydrograph-analysis methods, the Groundwater Toolbox allows for the retrieval of hydrologic time-series data (streamflow, groundwater levels, and precipitation) from the USGS National Water Information System, downloading of a suite of preprocessed geographic information system coverages and meteorological data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center, and analysis of data with several preprocessing and postprocessing utilities. With its data retrieval and analysis tools, the Groundwater Toolbox provides methods to estimate many of the components of the water budget for a hydrologic basin, including precipitation; streamflow; base flow; runoff; groundwater recharge; and total, groundwater, and near-surface evapotranspiration.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section B: Ground-water techniques in Book 3 Applications of Hydraulics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm3B10","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., Cunningham, W.L., Zhai, T., and Gray, M., 2015, U.S. Geological Survey groundwater toolbox, a graphical and mapping interface for analysis of hydrologic data (version 1.0): user guide for estimation of base flow, runoff, and groundwater recharge from streamflow data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 3-B10, Report: vii, 27 p.; Groundwater Toolbox, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm3B10.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 27 p.; Groundwater Toolbox","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056037","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm3B10.jpg"},{"id":297197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/03/b10/pdf/tm3-b10.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297198,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/gwtoolbox/","text":"Groundwater Toolbox","description":"Groundwater Toolbox","linkHelpText":"A graphical and mapping interface for analysis of hydrologic data"},{"id":297196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/03/b10/"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 10 of Section B: Ground-water techniques in Book 3 Applications of Hydraulics.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ac4e4b08de9379b31f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, William L. wcunning@usgs.gov","contributorId":1198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"William","email":"wcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhai, Tong","contributorId":127595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhai","given":"Tong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7072,"text":"Aqua Terra Consultants","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, Mark","contributorId":127594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7072,"text":"Aqua Terra Consultants","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70140351,"text":"70140351 - 2015 - Location, timing and extent of wildfire vary by cause of ignition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T09:38:20","indexId":"70140351","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-13T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Location, timing and extent of wildfire vary by cause of ignition","docAbstract":"The increasing extent of wildfires has prompted investigation into alternative fire management approaches to complement the traditional strategies of fire suppression and fuels manipulation. Wildfire prevention through ignition reduction is an approach with potential for success, but ignitions result from a variety of causes. If some ignition sources result in higher levels of area burned, then ignition prevention programmes could be optimised to target these distributions in space and time. We investigated the most common ignition causes in two southern California sub-regions, where humans are responsible for more than 95% of all fires, and asked whether these causes exhibited distinct spatial or intra-annual temporal patterns, or resulted in different extents of fire in 10-29-year periods, depending on sub-region. Different ignition causes had distinct spatial patterns and those that burned the most area tended to occur in autumn months. Both the number of fires and area burned varied according to cause of ignition, but the cause of the most numerous fires was not always the cause of the greatest area burned. In both sub-regions, power line ignitions were one of the top two causes of area burned: the other major causes were arson in one sub-region and power equipment in the other. Equipment use also caused the largest number of fires in both sub-regions. These results have important implications for understanding why, where and how ignitions are caused, and in turn, how to develop strategies to prioritise and focus fire prevention efforts. Fire extent has increased tremendously in southern California, and because most fires are caused by humans, ignition reduction offers a potentially powerful management strategy, especially if optimised to reflect the distinct spatial and temporal distributions in different ignition causes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Fire Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Fairfield, WA","doi":"10.1071/WF14024","usgsCitation":"Syphard, A.D., and Keeley, J.E., 2015, Location, timing and extent of wildfire vary by cause of ignition: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 24, no. 1, p. 37-47, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF14024.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056454","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.consbio.org/products/publications/location-timing-and-extent-wildfire-vary-cause-ignition"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a93e4b08de9379b3104","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Syphard, Alexandra D.","contributorId":8977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Syphard","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70137345,"text":"fs20153003 - 2015 - Organic matters: investigating the sources, transport, and fate of organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-14T08:35:39","indexId":"fs20153003","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-13T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3003","title":"Organic matters: investigating the sources, transport, and fate of organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon","docAbstract":"The term organic matter refers to the remnants of all living material. This can include fallen leaves, yard waste, animal waste, downed timber, or the remains of any other plant and animal life. Organic matter is abundant both on land and in water. Investigating organic matter is necessary for understanding the fate and transport of carbon (a major constituent of organic matter).
\nOrganic matter is necessary for maintaining a healthy ecosystem. It participates in a wide range of ecological functions, such as supplying food to the microbes that are part of the foundation of the food chain. Organic matter also plays a role in many other natural functions, including the binding and transport of some trace metals and controlling how light is absorbed in the water column. Organic matter in a stream can be found in many places, such as in the leaves that have fallen from a tree (termed \"leaf litter\"), in algae floating in the stream or attached to rocks, as part of the soil, or even suspended or dissolved in the water.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Clean Water Services, recently completed an investigation into the sources, transport, and fate of organic matter in the Fanno Creek watershed. The information provided by this investigation will help resource managers to implement strategies aimed at decreasing the excess supply of organic matter that contributes to low dissolved-oxygen levels in Fanno Creek and downstream in the Tualatin River during summer. This fact sheet summarizes the findings of the investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153003","collaboration":"Clean Water Services","usgsCitation":"Sobieszczyk, S., Keith, M., Goldman, J.H., and Rounds, S.A., 2015, Organic matters: investigating the sources, transport, and fate of organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3003, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153003.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059566","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297151,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3003/"},{"id":297152,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3003/pdf/fs2015-3003.pdf","size":"1.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153003.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Fanno Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.87246704101562,\n 45.333805815475024\n ],\n [\n -122.87246704101562,\n 45.566948210863636\n ],\n [\n -122.49893188476561,\n 45.566948210863636\n ],\n [\n -122.49893188476561,\n 45.333805815475024\n ],\n [\n -122.87246704101562,\n 45.333805815475024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a9fe4b08de9379b3148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sobieszczyk, Steven 0000-0002-0834-8437 ssobie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-8437","contributorId":885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"Steven","email":"ssobie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K. 0000-0002-7239-0576 mkeith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7239-0576","contributorId":138533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","email":"mkeith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, Jami H. 0000-0001-5466-912X jgoldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5466-912X","contributorId":4848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Jami","email":"jgoldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70116797,"text":"ds868 - 2015 - Data regarding hydraulic fracturing distributions and treatment fluids, additives, proppants, and water volumes applied to wells drilled in the United States from 1947 through 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T14:34:47","indexId":"ds868","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-13T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"868","title":"Data regarding hydraulic fracturing distributions and treatment fluids, additives, proppants, and water volumes applied to wells drilled in the United States from 1947 through 2010","docAbstract":"Comprehensive, published, and publicly available data regarding the extent, location, and character of hydraulic fracturing in the United States are scarce. The objective of this data series is to publish data related to hydraulic fracturing in the public domain. The spreadsheets released with this data series contain derivative datasets aggregated temporally and spatially from the commercial and proprietary IHS database of U.S. oil and gas production and well data (IHS Energy, 2011). These datasets, served in 21 spreadsheets in Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) format, outline the geographical distributions of hydraulic fracturing treatments and associated wells (including well drill-hole directions) as well as water volumes, proppants, treatment fluids, and additives used in hydraulic fracturing treatments in the United States from 1947 through 2010. This report also describes the data—extraction/aggregation processing steps, field names and descriptions, field types and sources. An associated scientific investigation report (Gallegos and Varela, 2014) provides a detailed analysis of the data presented in this data series and comparisons of the data and trends to the literature.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds868","usgsCitation":"Gallegos, T.J., and Varela, B.A., 2015, Data regarding hydraulic fracturing distributions and treatment fluids, additives, proppants, and water volumes applied to wells drilled in the United States from 1947 through 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 868, Report: iv, 11 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds868.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1947-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-050902","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0868/"},{"id":297146,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0868/pdf/ds868.pdf","text":"Report","size":"292 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297147,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0868/downloads","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: spreadsheets in Microsoft Excel format for Volumes, Distributions, Wells, Treatments, and Keys."},{"id":297154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds868.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -177.71484375,\n 24.5271348225978\n ],\n [\n -177.71484375,\n 71.52490903732816\n ],\n [\n -66.09375,\n 71.52490903732816\n ],\n [\n -66.09375,\n 24.5271348225978\n ],\n [\n -177.71484375,\n 24.5271348225978\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a63e4b08de9379b3034","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallegos, Tanya J. 0000-0003-3350-6473 tgallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":2206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Tanya","email":"tgallegos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varela, Brian A. 0000-0001-9849-6742 bvarela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-6742","contributorId":5058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varela","given":"Brian","email":"bvarela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70145996,"text":"70145996 - 2015 - Core-satellite species hypothesis and native versus exotic species in secondary succession","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-10T15:14:08","indexId":"70145996","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Core-satellite species hypothesis and native versus exotic species in secondary succession","docAbstract":"A number of hypotheses exist to explain species’ distributions in a landscape, but these hypotheses are not frequently utilized to explain the differences in native and exotic species distributions. The core-satellite species (CSS) hypothesis predicts species occupancy will be bimodally distributed, i.e., many species will be common and many species will be rare, but does not explicitly consider exotic species distributions. The parallel dynamics (PD) hypothesis predicts that regional occurrence patterns of exotic species will be similar to native species. Together, the CSS and PD hypotheses may increase our understanding of exotic species’ distribution relative to natives. We selected an old field undergoing secondary succession to study the CSS and PD hypotheses in conjunction with each other. The ratio of exotic to native species (richness and abundance) was observed through 17 years of secondary succession. We predicted species would be bimodally distributed and that exotic:native species ratios would remain steady or decrease through time under frequent disturbance. In contrast to the CSS and PD hypotheses, native species occupancies were not bimodally distributed at the site, but exotic species were. The exotic:native species ratios for both richness (E:Nrichness) and abundance (E:Ncover) generally decreased or remained constant throughout supporting the PD hypothesis. Our results suggest exotic species exhibit metapopulation structure in old field landscapes, but that metapopulation structures of native species are disrupted, perhaps because these species are dispersal limited in the fragmented landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11258-015-0446-z","usgsCitation":"Martinez, K.A., Gibson, D.J., and Middleton, B.A., 2015, Core-satellite species hypothesis and native versus exotic species in secondary succession: Plant Ecology, v. 216, no. 3, p. 419-427, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-015-0446-z.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"427","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059474","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"Jackson County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.16260361671448,\n 37.627751648720604\n ],\n [\n -89.16260361671448,\n 37.62947655503113\n ],\n [\n -89.16013598442078,\n 37.62947655503113\n ],\n [\n -89.16013598442078,\n 37.627751648720604\n ],\n [\n -89.16260361671448,\n 37.627751648720604\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"216","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5528f42de4b026915857cb0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martinez, Kelsey A.","contributorId":140173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez","given":"Kelsey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5082,"text":"Syracuse University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibson, David J.","contributorId":140174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13212,"text":"Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70116798,"text":"sir20145131 - 2015 - Trends in hydraulic fracturing distributions and treatment fluids, additives, proppants, and water volumes applied to wells drilled in the United States from 1947 through 2010: data analysis and comparison to the literature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T14:35:30","indexId":"sir20145131","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-12T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5131","title":"Trends in hydraulic fracturing distributions and treatment fluids, additives, proppants, and water volumes applied to wells drilled in the United States from 1947 through 2010: data analysis and comparison to the literature","docAbstract":"Hydraulic fracturing is presently the primary stimulation technique for oil and gas production in low-permeability, unconventional reservoirs. Comprehensive, published, and publicly available information regarding the extent, location, and character of hydraulic fracturing in the United States is scarce. This national spatial and temporal analysis of data on nearly 1 million hydraulically fractured wells and 1.8 million fracturing treatment records from 1947 through 2010 (aggregated in Data Series 868) is used to identify hydraulic fracturing trends in drilling methods and use of proppants, treatment fluids, additives, and water in the United States. These trends are compared to the literature in an effort to establish a common understanding of the differences in drilling methods, treatment fluids, and chemical additives and of how the newer technology has affected the water use volumes and areal distribution of hydraulic fracturing. Historically, Texas has had the highest number of records of hydraulic fracturing treatments and associated wells in the United States documented in the datasets described herein. Water-intensive horizontal/directional drilling has also increased from 6 percent of new hydraulically fractured wells drilled in the United States in 2000 to 42 percent of new wells drilled in 2010. Increases in horizontal drilling also coincided with the emergence of water-based “slick water” fracturing fluids. As such, the most current hydraulic fracturing materials and methods are notably different from those used in previous decades and have contributed to the development of previously inaccessible unconventional oil and gas production target areas, namely in shale and tight-sand reservoirs. Publicly available derivative datasets and locations developed from these analyses are described.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145131","usgsCitation":"Gallegos, T.J., and Varela, B.A., 2015, Trends in hydraulic fracturing distributions and treatment fluids, additives, proppants, and water volumes applied to wells drilled in the United States from 1947 through 2010: data analysis and comparison to the literature: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5131, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145131.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050903","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145131.jpg"},{"id":297129,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5131/pdf/sir2014-5131.pdf#"},{"id":297128,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5131/"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ac3e4b08de9379b31ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallegos, Tanya J. 0000-0003-3350-6473 tgallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":2206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Tanya","email":"tgallegos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varela, Brian A. 0000-0001-9849-6742 bvarela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-6742","contributorId":5058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varela","given":"Brian","email":"bvarela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70137736,"text":"70137736 - 2015 - Genetic analysis of invasive Asian Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) in the Mississippi River Basin: evidence for multiple introductions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-12T09:35:49","indexId":"70137736","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-12T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic analysis of invasive Asian Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) in the Mississippi River Basin: evidence for multiple introductions","docAbstract":"Invasive Asian Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) have been present in USA aquaculture facilities since the 1980s and wild Black Carp have been found in the Mississippi River Basin since the early 1990s. This study characterizes the genetic diversity and relatedness of the Basin’s Black Carp and clarifies the introduction history. Analyses focused on three mitochondrial markers (control region, cytochrome-b, and 16S) and seven nuclear microsatellite markers (nDNA), using aquaculture and wild-caught samples collected in the upper and lower Mississippi Basin. Of the three mitochondrial haplotypes, two were shared between the aquaculture and wild populations, while a third was only present in upper Mississippi wild-caught specimens. Due to the presence of diploid and triploid fish, microsatellite markers were scored as pseudodominant and revealed low polymorphism (NA = 4.6, NA Ave = 1.5). Nuclear Bayesian clustering analyses identified two genetically distinct groups and four subclusters, each primarily composed of a unique haplotype. Samples from three aquaculture farms were assigned to group 1, while a fourth farm included samples from both groups 1 and 2. Wild-caught fish from the upper Basin were predominantly group 1, whereas wild samples from the lower Mississippi were assigned to both genetic groups. The presence of divergent haplotypes and distinct nDNA groups, along with geographic distribution patterns, indicate that wild populations in the basin likely resulted from multiple introductions. Genetic similarities between wild and captive populations support claims that aquaculture is the introduction source, but a shortage of samples and a history of repeated transfers among facilities obscure the precise pathway.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-014-0708-z","usgsCitation":"Hunter, M., and Nico, L.G., 2015, Genetic analysis of invasive Asian Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) in the Mississippi River Basin: evidence for multiple introductions: Biological Invasions, v. 17, no. 1, p. 99-114, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0708-z.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"114","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045945","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.13134765625,\n 30.164126343161097\n ],\n [\n -89.14306640625,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -94.306640625,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -92.13134765625,\n 30.164126343161097\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a7be4b08de9379b3098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, Margaret E. 0000-0002-4760-9302 mhunter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":4888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret E.","email":"mhunter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nico, Leo G. 0000-0002-4488-7737 lnico@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":2913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"Leo","email":"lnico@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135748,"text":"ofr20141254 - 2015 - Evaluating and ranking threats to the long-term persistence of polar bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T10:58:16","indexId":"ofr20141254","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-12T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1254","title":"Evaluating and ranking threats to the long-term persistence of polar bears","docAbstract":"The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) was listed as a globally threatened species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 2008, mostly due to the significant threat to their future population viability from rapidly declining Arctic sea ice. A core mandate of the ESA is the development of a recovery plan that identifies steps to maintain viable populations of a listed species. A substantive evaluation of the relative influence of putative threats to population persistence is helpful to recovery planning. Because management actions must often be taken in the face of substantial information gaps, a formalized evaluation hypothesizing potential stressors and their relationships with population persistence can improve identification of relevant conservation actions. To this end, we updated a Bayesian network model previously used to forecast the future status of polar bears worldwide. We used new information on actual and predicted sea ice loss and polar bear responses to evaluate the relative influence of plausible threats and their mitigation through management actions on the persistence of polar bears in four ecoregions. We found that polar bear outcomes worsened over time through the end of the century under both stabilized and unabated greenhouse gas (GHG) emission pathways. Under the unabated pathway (i.e., RCP 8.5), the time it took for polar bear populations in two of four ecoregions to reach a dominant probability of greatly decreased was hastened by about 25 years. Under the stabilized GHG emission pathway (i.e., RCP 4.5), where GHG emissions peak around the year 2040, the polar bear population in the Archipelago Ecoregion of High Arctic Canada never reached a dominant probability of greatly decreased, reinforcing earlier suggestions of this ecoregion’s potential to serve as a long-term refugium. The most influential drivers of adverse polar bear outcomes were declines to overall sea ice conditions and to the marine prey base. Improved sea ice conditions substantively lowered the probability of a decreased or greatly decreased outcome, while an elevated marine prey base was slightly less influential in lowering the probability of a decreased or greatly decreased outcome. Stressors associated with in situ human activities exerted considerably less influence on population outcomes. Reduced mortality from hunting and defense of life and property interactions resulted inmodest declines in the probability of a decreased or greatly decreased population outcome. Minimizing other stressors such as trans-Arctic shipping, oil and gas exploration, and point-source pollution had negligible effects on polar bear outcomes, but that could be attributed to uncertainties in the ecological relevance of those specific stressors. Our findings suggest adverse consequences of loss of sea ice habitat become more pronounced as the summer ice-free period lengthens beyond 4 months, which could occur in portions of the Arctic by the middle of this century under the unabated pathway. The long-term persistence of polar bears may be achieved through ameliorating the loss of sea ice habitat, which will likely require stabilizing CO2emissions at or below the ceiling represented by RCP 4.5. Management of other stressors may serve to slow the transition of polar bear populations to progressively worsened outcomes, and improve the prospects of persistence, pending GHG mitigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141254","usgsCitation":"Atwood, T.C., Marcot, B., Douglas, D., Amstrup, S.C., Rode, K.D., Durner, G.M., and Bromaghin, J.F., 2015, Evaluating and ranking threats to the long-term persistence of polar bears: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1254, vi, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141254.","productDescription":"vi, 114 p.","numberOfPages":"124","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059609","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141254.jpg"},{"id":297118,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1254/"},{"id":297119,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1254/pdf/ofr2014-1254.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -172.96875,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -172.96875,\n 85.0511287798066\n ],\n [\n 180.703125,\n 85.0511287798066\n ],\n [\n 180.703125,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -172.96875,\n 45.583289756006316\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a74e4b08de9379b3072","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marcot, Bruce G.","contributorId":58015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcot","given":"Bruce G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70140290,"text":"70140290 - 2015 - Different fire-climate relationships on forested and non-forested landscapes in the Sierra Nevada ecoregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-06T09:47:58","indexId":"70140290","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Different fire-climate relationships on forested and non-forested landscapes in the Sierra Nevada ecoregion","docAbstract":"In the California Sierra Nevada region, increased fire activity over the last 50 years has only occurred in the higher-elevation forests on US Forest Service (USFS) lands, and is not characteristic of the lower-elevation grasslands, woodlands and shrublands on state responsibility lands (Cal Fire). Increased fire activity on USFS lands was correlated with warmer and drier springs. Although this is consistent with recent global warming, we found an equally strong relationship between fire activity and climate in the first half of the 20th century. At lower elevations, warmer and drier conditions were not strongly tied to fire activity over the last 90 years, although prior-year precipitation was significant. It is hypothesised that the fire–climate relationship in forests is determined by climatic effects on spring and summer fuel moisture, with hotter and drier springs leading to a longer fire season and more extensive burning. In contrast, future fire activity in the foothills may be more dependent on rainfall patterns and their effect on the herbaceous fuel load. We predict spring and summer warming will have a significant impact on future fire regimes, primarily in higher-elevation forests. Lower elevation ecosystems are likely to be affected as much by global changes that directly involve land-use patterns as by climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/WF14102","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., and Syphard, A.D., 2015, Different fire-climate relationships on forested and non-forested landscapes in the Sierra Nevada ecoregion: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 24, no. 1, p. 27-36, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF14102.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051436","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297773,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.20166015625,\n 34.687427949314845\n ],\n [\n -116.38916015624999,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n -120.47607421874999,\n 39.38526381099777\n ],\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -119.20166015625,\n 34.687427949314845\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a69e4b08de9379b3043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Syphard, Alexandra D.","contributorId":8977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Syphard","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70074687,"text":"70074687 - 2015 - Predation on native sculpin by exotic brown trout exceeds that by native cutthroat trout within a mountain watershed (Logan, UT, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-24T10:07:50","indexId":"70074687","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation on native sculpin by exotic brown trout exceeds that by native cutthroat trout within a mountain watershed (Logan, UT, USA)","docAbstract":"We explored potential negative effects of exotic brown trout (Salmo trutta) on native sculpin (Cottus sp.) on the Logan River, Utah, USA by (i) examining factors most strongly correlated with sculpin abundance (e.g., abiotic conditions or piscivory?), (ii) contrasting the extent of brown trout predation on sculpin with that by native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) and (iii) estimating the number of sculpin consumed by brown trout along an elevational gradient using bioenergetics. Abundance of sculpin across reaches showed a strong (r ≥ 0.40) and significant (P < 0.05) correlation with physical variables describing width (positive) and gradient (negative), but not with abundance of piscivorous brown trout or cutthroat trout. In mainstem reaches containing sculpin, we found fish in 0% of age‐1, 10% of age‐2 and 33% of age‐3 and older brown trout diets. Approximately 81% of fish consumed by brown trout were sculpin. Despite a similar length–gape relationship for native cutthroat trout, we found only two fish (one sculpin and one unknown) in the diets of native cutthroat trout similar in size to age‐3 brown trout. Based on bioenergetics, we estimate that an average large (> 260 mm) brown trout consumes as many as 34 sculpin per year. Nevertheless, results suggest that sculpin abundance in this system is controlled by abiotic factors and not brown trout predation. Additional research is needed to better understand how piscivory influences brown trout invasion success, including in‐stream experiments exploring trophic dynamics and interactions between brown trout and native prey under different environmental conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12134","usgsCitation":"Meredith, C.S., Budy, P., and Thiede, G.P., 2015, Predation on native sculpin by exotic brown trout exceeds that by native cutthroat trout within a mountain watershed (Logan, UT, USA): Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 24, no. 1, p. 133-147, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12134.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"147","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042175","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Logan River","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fcc5de4b0f5d57878ecd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meredith, Christy S.","contributorId":197695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meredith","given":"Christy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678 pbudy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":140028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thiede, Gary P.","contributorId":9154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiede","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157261,"text":"70157261 - 2015 - Avian malaria in Hawaiian forest birds: Infection and population impacts across species and elevations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-01T13:17:06.779702","indexId":"70157261","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-11T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian malaria in Hawaiian forest birds: Infection and population impacts across species and elevations","docAbstract":"