{"pageNumber":"1225","pageRowStart":"30600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40904,"records":[{"id":70022024,"text":"70022024 - 1999 - Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:21:08","indexId":"70022024","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota","docAbstract":"Linear models were developed for predicting mean Secchi disk depth readings as a measure of water clarity for the summer months in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. The 20-yr (1976-1995) data set also included external phosphorus (P) loadings and in-lake April P concentrations as indices of lake nutrient status, and monthly (28 d) water column stabilities and Daphnia biomasses as indices of lake mixing and algal grazing potentials, respectively. June Secchi depths were mostly controlled by food web dynamics, which dictated whether the larger-bodied Daphnia pulicaria or the smaller-bodied D. galeata mendotae dominated during the spring clear-water phase. May Daphnia biomasses were significantly greater in D. pulicaria-dominated years than in D. galeata-dominated years; D. pulicaria-year biomasses were also greater during the summer months. The model for the midsummer (July-August) months indicated that Secchi depths were inversely related to April P concentrations and positively related to midsummer Daphnia biomasses and lake stabilities. Scenarios for midsummer Secchi depths were tested using the observed minimum and maximum values for each predictor variate. While holding two variates constant, April P, Daphnia biomass, and lake stability each resulted in relatively similar Secchi ranges (0.81, 0.81, and 1.17 m, respectively). Our results suggest that summer water clarity in eutrophic Lake Mendota is controlled by interacting ecosystem processes linked to land use activities, lake food web dynamics, and climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Lathrop, R., Carpenter, S., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 44, no. 1, p. 137-146.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f45e4b08c986b31e464","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lathrop, R.C.","contributorId":56827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lathrop","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, S.R.","contributorId":84534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000940,"text":"1000940 - 1999 - Structure and function of fish communities in the southern Lake Michigan basin with emphasis on restoration of native fish communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T16:31:35.633678","indexId":"1000940","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure and function of fish communities in the southern Lake Michigan basin with emphasis on restoration of native fish communities","docAbstract":"The southern Lake Michigan basin in northwest Indiana possesses a variety of aquatic habitats including riverine, palustrine, and lacustrine systems. The watershed draining this area is a remnant of glacial Lake Chicago and supports fish communities that are typically low in species richness. Composition of the presettlement Lake Michigan fish community near the Indiana Dunes has been difficult to reconstruct. Existing data indicate that the number of native species in the Lake Michigan watershed, including nearshore Lake Michigan, has declined by 22% since the onset of European settlement. Few remnants of natural fish communities exist, and those occur principally in the ponds of Miller Woods, the Grand Calumet Lagoons, and the Little Calumet River. These communities have maintained a relatively diverse assemblage of fishes despite large-scale anthropogenic disturbances in the area, including channelization, massive river redirection, fragmentation, habitat alteration, exotic species invasions, and the introduction of toxic chemicals. Data that we collected from 1985 to 1996 suggested that the Grand Calumet River has the highest proportion of exotic fish species of any inland wetland in northwest Indiana. Along the Lake Michigan shoreline, another group of exotics (e.g., round goby, alewife, and sea lamprey) have affected the structure of native fish communities, thereby altering lake ecosystem function. Stocking programs contribute to the impairment of native communities. Nonindigenous species have restructured the function of Lake Michigan tributaries, causing disruptions in trophic dynamics, guild structure, and species diversity. Several fish communities have been reduced or eliminated by the alteration and destruction of spawning and nursery areas. Degradation of habitats has caused an increase in numbers and populations of species able to tolerate and flourish when confronted with hydrologic alteration. Fish communities found on public lands in northwest Indiana generally are of lower biological integrity, in terms of structure and function, than those on private lands and are not acting as refugia for native fish populations. Stocking of nonindigenous species should be evaluated to enable the restoration of native fish communities on public lands. Habitat quality will need to be improved and land-use modifications decreased or reversed in order to restore or slow the decline in native fish communities.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","usgsCitation":"Simon, T.P., and Stewart, P.M., 1999, Structure and function of fish communities in the southern Lake Michigan basin with emphasis on restoration of native fish communities: Natural Areas Journal, v. 19, no. 2, p. 142-154.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"154","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403921,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43911823"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.52670288085938,\n              41.36238012945531\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.68075561523438,\n              41.36238012945531\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.68075561523438,\n              41.88592102814744\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.52670288085938,\n              41.88592102814744\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.52670288085938,\n              41.36238012945531\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a37ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, Thomas P.","contributorId":77081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Paul M.","contributorId":63336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021699,"text":"70021699 - 1999 - Effects of environmental change on plant species density: Comparing predictions with experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-24T13:05:45","indexId":"70021699","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of environmental change on plant species density: Comparing predictions with experiments","docAbstract":"Ideally, general ecological relationships may be used to predict responses of natural communities to environmental change, but few attempts have been made to determine the reliability of predictions based on descriptive data. Using a previously published structural equation model (SEM) of descriptive data from a coastal marsh landscape, we compared these predictions against observed changes in plant species density resulting from field experiments (manipulations of soil fertility, flooding, salinity, and mammalian herbivory) in two areas within the same marsh. In general, observed experimental responses were fairly consistent with predictions. The largest discrepancy occurred when sods were transplanted from high- to low-salinity sites and herbivores selectively consumed a particularly palatable plant species in the transplanted sods. Individual plot responses to some treatments were predicted more accurately than others. Individual fertilized plot responses were not consistent with predictions (P > 0.05), nor were fenced plots (herbivore exclosures; R2 = 0.15) compared to unfenced plots (R2 = 0.53). For the remaining treatments, predictions reasonably matched responses (R2 = 0.63). We constructed an SEM for the experimental data; it explained 60% of the variance in species density and showed that fencing and fertilization led to decreases in species density that were not predicted from treatment effects on community biomass or observed disturbance levels. These treatments may have affected the ratio of live to dead biomass, and competitive exclusion likely decreased species density in fenced and fertilized plots. We conclude that experimental validation is required to determine the predictive value of comparative relationships derived from descriptive data.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[0882:EOECOP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Gough, L., and Grace, J., 1999, Effects of environmental change on plant species density: Comparing predictions with experiments: Ecology, v. 80, no. 3, p. 882-890, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[0882:EOECOP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"882","endPage":"890","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Pearl River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.77752685546875,\n              30.135626231134587\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.53033447265625,\n              30.135626231134587\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.53033447265625,\n              30.44748978060767\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.77752685546875,\n              30.44748978060767\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.77752685546875,\n              30.135626231134587\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06dee4b0c8380cd51461","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gough, L.","contributorId":53971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022026,"text":"70022026 - 1999 - Effects of steady-state assumption on hydraulic conductivity and recharge estimates in a surficial aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-07T00:54:44.343016","indexId":"70022026","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of steady-state assumption on hydraulic conductivity and recharge estimates in a surficial aquifer system","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group  metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The ability of a calibrated flow model to predict the behavior of a surficial aquifer system is governed by the quality of the hydraulic conductivity and recharge estimates used. Reasonable lateral and vertical hydraulic conductivities can be estimated by steady-state simulations driven by effective recharge rates that approximate the net effects of evapotranspiration, and water released from storage during periods of recession. Results from a hypothetical, transient, cross-sectional model indicated that most of the water was contributed uniformly from storage from five to 25 days after a recharge event. Results also showed that a steady-state, snapshot calibration approach can be used on aquifers in a humid climate with diffusivities between 20 and 500 m<sup>2</sup>/d. Most estimates of the lateral and vertical hydraulic conductivities of the hypothetical aquifer system were within 30% of the actual values. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity from the transient cases were similar to those from the snapshot calibration cases. The long-term recharge rate could be identified by calibrating to multiple synoptic surveys that were sampled over the range of drier to wetter conditions. The effective recharge rates estimated for the driest and wettest conditions bracketed the long-term recharge rate. Results suggested that the effective recharge rate estimated for the synoptic survey with the lowest water level root-mean-square (RMS) error was the best estimate of the long-term recharge rate. A field application of the snapshot calibration approach simulated the surficial aquifer system beneath Cecil Field Naval Air Station well and provided reasonable estimates of the long-term recharge rate (0.4 mm/d) relative to the range of recharge rates that were independently estimated by the chloride concentration ratio method (0.2 to 0.6 mm/d).</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00959.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Halford, K.J., 1999, Effects of steady-state assumption on hydraulic conductivity and recharge estimates in a surficial aquifer system: Groundwater, v. 37, no. 1, p. 70-79, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00959.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230810,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07dae4b0c8380cd51885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021698,"text":"70021698 - 1999 - Soil-like deposits observed by Sojourner, the Pathfinder rover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T13:30:09","indexId":"70021698","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil-like deposits observed by Sojourner, the Pathfinder rover","docAbstract":"Most of the soil-like materials at the Pathfinder landing site behave like moderately dense soils on Earth with friction angles near 34°-39° and are called cloddy deposits. Cloddy deposits appear to be poorly sorted with dust-sized to granule-sized mineral or rock grains; they may contain pebbles, small rock fragments, and clods. Thin deposits of porous, compressible drifts with friction angles near 26°-28° are also present. Drifts are fine grained. Cohesions of both types of deposits are small. There may be indurated soil-like deposits and/or coated or crusted rocks. Cloddy deposits may be fluvial sediments of the Ares-Tiu floods, but other origins, such as ejecta from nearby impact craters, should be considered. Drifts are probably dusts that settled from the Martian atmosphere. Remote-sensing signatures of the deposits inferred from rover observations are consistent with those observed from orbit and Earth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998JE900005","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Moore, H.J., Bickler, D.B., Crisp, J.A., Eisen, H.J., Gensler, J.A., Haldemann, A.F., Matijevic, J.R., Reid, L.K., and Pavlics, F., 1999, Soil-like deposits observed by Sojourner, the Pathfinder rover: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 104, no. E4, p. 8729-8746, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JE900005.","startPage":"8729","endPage":"8746","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278542,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998JE900005"}],"volume":"104","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9227e4b08c986b319d2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Henry J.","contributorId":104488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bickler, Donald B.","contributorId":80444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bickler","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crisp, Joy A.","contributorId":107056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crisp","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eisen, Howard J.","contributorId":17785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisen","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gensler, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":25315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gensler","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haldemann, Albert F.C.","contributorId":99722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haldemann","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matijevic, Jacob R.","contributorId":16601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matijevic","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reid, Lisa K.","contributorId":60801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pavlics, Ferenc","contributorId":54757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlics","given":"Ferenc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70022031,"text":"70022031 - 1999 - Deglaciation of the northwestern White Mountains, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T17:34:08.03951","indexId":"70022031","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1773,"text":"Geographie Physique et Quaternaire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deglaciation of the northwestern White Mountains, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"<p><span>The mode of deglaciation in the northwestern White Mountains of New Hampshire has been controversial since the mid 1800's. Early workers believed that active ice deposited the Bethlehem Moraine complex in the Ammonoosuc River basin during recession of the last ice sheet. In the 1930's this deglaciation model was replaced by the concept of widespread simultaneous stagnation and downwastage of Late Wisconsinan ice. The present authors reexamined the Bethlehem Moraine complex and support the original interpretation of a series of moraines deposited by active ice. We found other moraine clusters of similar age to the northeast in the Johns River and Israel River basins. Ice-marginal deposits that probably correlate with the Bethlehem Moraine also occur west of Littleton. The Bethlehem Moraine complex and equivalent deposits in adjacent areas were formed by readvance and oscillatory retreat of the Connecticut Valley lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. This event is called the Littleton-Bethlehem Readvance. Throughout the study area, sequences of glaciolacustrine deposits and meltwater drainage channels indicate progressive northward recession of the glacier margin. Radiocarbon dates from nearby New England and Québec suggest that the ice sheet withdrew from this part of the White Mountains between about 12 500 and 12 000&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>&nbsp;C yr BP. We attribute the Littleton- Bethlehem Readvance to a brief climatic cooling during Older Dyas time, close to 12,000 BP.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal","doi":"10.7202/004882ar","usgsCitation":"Thompson, W.B., Fowler, B.K., and Dorion, C.C., 1999, Deglaciation of the northwestern White Mountains, New Hampshire: Geographie Physique et Quaternaire, v. 53, no. 1, p. 59-77, https://doi.org/10.7202/004882ar.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479509,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7202/004882ar","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"White Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.03243018820368,\n              44.504681864058426\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.05787655312217,\n              44.504681864058426\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.05787655312217,\n              44.13794517845437\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.03243018820368,\n              44.13794517845437\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.03243018820368,\n              44.504681864058426\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe53e4b0c8380cd4ec8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Woodrow B.","contributorId":67482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Woodrow","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fowler, Brian K.","contributorId":83975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorion, C. C.","contributorId":93236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorion","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021659,"text":"70021659 - 1999 - A topological system for delineation and codification of the Earth's river basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:14:28","indexId":"70021659","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A topological system for delineation and codification of the Earth's river basins","docAbstract":"A comprehensive reference system for the Earth's river basins is proposed as a support to fiver basin management, global change research, and the pursuit of sustainable development. A natural system for delineation and codification of basins is presented which is based upon topographic control and the topology of the fiver network. These characteristics make the system well suited for implementation and use with digital elevation models (DEMs) and geographic information systems. A demonstration of these traits is made with the 30-arcsecond GTOPO30 DEM for North America. The system has additional appeal owing to its economy of digits and the topological information that they carry. This is illustrated through presentation of comparisons with USGS hydrologic unit codes and demonstration of the use of code numbers to reveal dependence or independence of water use activities within a basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00011-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Verdin, K., and Verdin, J., 1999, A topological system for delineation and codification of the Earth's river basins: Journal of Hydrology, v. 218, no. 1-2, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00011-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206327,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00011-6"}],"volume":"218","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e600e4b0c8380cd470c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, K.L.","contributorId":66438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021657,"text":"70021657 - 1999 - Coseismic slip resolution along a plate boundary megathrust: the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T14:01:24","indexId":"70021657","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coseismic slip resolution along a plate boundary megathrust: the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan","docAbstract":"Geodetic survey measurements are used to estimate the coseismic slip distribution in the 1944 Tonankai (M<sub>w</sub>=8.1) and 1946 Nankaido (M<sub>w</sub>=8.3) earthquakes and to assess quantitatively the degree to which this slip is resolved on the plate boundary megathrust. Data used include 798 angle changes from triangulation surveys, 328 leveling section differences, and 5 coseismic tidal gage offsets. Many of the nominally coseismic triangulation data span ∼50 years, nearly half the earthquake cycle, and correction for interseismic deformation using post-1950 observations is applied. Microseismicity is used to define the configuration of the plate boundary interface and approximate it with a continuous, multisegment fault model. Because the onshore geodetic data have very limited resolving power for offshore fault segments, offshore coseismic slip was constrained by Satctke's [1993] estimation based on tsunami data. The majority of the coseismic slip occurs between 15 and 25 km depth. Although resolution declines toward the trench axis, it is sufficiently good to define two distinct high-slip regions, one off southeastern Shikoku Island (11 m maximum) and the other offshore of Kii Peninsula (3 m maximum). The slip magnitude off southeastern Shikoku, coupled with the plate convergence rate, would imply an recurrence interval of about 270 years, much-longer than the average repeat time of ∼120 years for historical great earthquakes on the Nankai Trough. However, the maximum coseismic slip is sensitive to the assumed fault geometry, and slippage on trough-parallel splay faults could significantly decrease the maximum slip to about 6 m.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB02644","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sagiya, T., and Thatcher, W., 1999, Coseismic slip resolution along a plate boundary megathrust: the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 104, no. B1, p. 1111-1129, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02644.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1129","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb02644","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278549,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98JB02644"}],"volume":"104","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc5de4b0c8380cd4e24c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sagiya, Takeshi","contributorId":35895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sagiya","given":"Takeshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, Wayne","contributorId":35325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021596,"text":"70021596 - 1999 - Air blasts generated by rockfall impacts: Analysis of the 1996 Happy Isles event in Yosemite National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T15:57:24.679431","indexId":"70021596","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Air blasts generated by rockfall impacts: Analysis of the 1996 Happy Isles event in Yosemite National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>The July 10, 1996, Happy Isles rockfall in Yosemite National Park, California, released 23,000 to 38,000 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of granite in four separate events. The impacts of the first two events which involved a 550-m free fall, generated seismic waves and atmospheric pressure waves (air blasts). We focus on the dynamic behavior of the second air blast that downed over 1000 trees, destroyed a bridge, demolished a snack bar, and caused one fatality and several injuries. Calculated velocities for the air blast from a two-phase, finite difference model are compared to velocities estimated from tree damage. From tornadic studies of tree damage, the air blast is estimated to have traveled &lt;108–120 m/s within 50 m from the impact and decreased to &lt;10–20 m/s within 500 m from the impact. The numerical model simulates the two-dimensional propagation of an air blast through a dusty atmosphere with initial conditions defined by the impact velocity and pressure. The impact velocity (105–107 m/s) is estimated from the Colorado Rockfall Simulation Program that simulates rockfall trajectories. The impact pressure (0.5 MPa) is constrained by the kinetic energy of the impact (10</span><sup>10</sup><span>–10</span><sup>12</sup><span>&nbsp;J) estimated from the seismic energy generated by the impact. Results from the air blast simulations indicate that the second Happy Isles air blast (weak shock wave) traveled with an initial velocity above the local sound speed. The size and location of the first impact are thought to have injected &lt;50 wt% dust into the atmosphere. This amount of dust lowered the local atmospheric sound speed to ∼220 m/s. The discrepancy between calculated velocity data and field estimated velocity data (∼220 m/s versus ∼110 m/s) is attributed to energy dissipated by the downing of trees and additional entrainment of debris into the atmosphere not included in the calculations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JB900189","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, M., Savage, W.Z., and Wieczorek, G.F., 1999, Air blasts generated by rockfall impacts: Analysis of the 1996 Happy Isles event in Yosemite National Park: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 104, no. B10, p. 23189-23198, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900189.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"23189","endPage":"23198","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489152,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jb900189","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e917e4b0c8380cd480b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, M.M.","contributorId":41477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021593,"text":"70021593 - 1999 - Evaluating sediment chemistry and toxicity data using logistic regression modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021593","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating sediment chemistry and toxicity data using logistic regression modeling","docAbstract":"This paper describes the use of logistic-regression modeling for evaluating matching sediment chemistry and toxicity data. Contaminant- specific logistic models were used to estimate the percentage of samples expected to be toxic at a given concentration. These models enable users to select the probability of effects of concern corresponding to their specific assessment or management objective or to estimate the probability of observing specific biological effects at any contaminant concentration. The models were developed using a large database (n = 2,524) of matching saltwater sediment chemistry and toxicity data for field-collected samples compiled from a number of different sources and geographic areas. The models for seven chemicals selected as examples showed a wide range in goodness of fit, reflecting high variability in toxicity at low concentrations and limited data on toxicity at higher concentrations for some chemicals. The models for individual test endpoints (e.g., amphipod mortality) provided a better fit to the data than the models based on all endpoints combined. A comparison of the relative sensitivity of two amphipod species to specific contaminants illustrated an important application of the logistic model approach.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC Press","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL, United States","doi":"10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<1311:ESCATD>2.3.CO;2","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Field, L., MacDonald, D., Norton, S., Severn, C., and Ingersoll, C., 1999, Evaluating sediment chemistry and toxicity data using logistic regression modeling: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 6, p. 1311-1322, https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<1311:ESCATD>2.3.CO;2.","startPage":"1311","endPage":"1322","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206377,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<1311:ESCATD>2.3.CO;2"}],"volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bf3e4b0c8380cd5296a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, L.J.","contributorId":103836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacDonald, D.D.","contributorId":41986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norton, S.B.","contributorId":48830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Severn, C.G.","contributorId":30405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severn","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022078,"text":"70022078 - 1999 - Mapping the rupture process of moderate earthquakes by inverting accelerograms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T15:22:25.69788","indexId":"70022078","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the rupture process of moderate earthquakes by inverting accelerograms","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present a waveform inversion method that uses recordings of small events as Green's functions to map the rupture growth of moderate earthquakes. The method fits&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;waveforms from many stations simultaneously in an iterative procedure to estimate the subevent rupture time and amplitude relative to the Green's function event. We invert the accelerograms written by two moderate Parkfield earthquakes using smaller events as Green's functions. The first earthquake (</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;= 4.6) occurred on November 14, 1993, at a depth of 11 km under Middle Mountain, in the assumed preparation zone for the next Parkfield main shock. The second earthquake (</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;= 4.7) occurred on December 20, 1994, some 6 km to the southeast, at a depth of 9 km on a section of the San Andreas fault with no previous microseismicity and little inferred coseismic slip in the 1966 Parkfield earthquake. The inversion results are strikingly different for the two events. The average stress release in the 1993 event was 50 bars, distributed over a geometrically complex area of 0.9 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. The average stress release in the 1994 event was only 6 bars, distributed over a roughly elliptical area of 20 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. The ruptures of both events appear to grow spasmodically into relatively complex shapes: the inversion only constrains the ruptures to grow more slowly than the&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;wave velocity but does not use smoothness constraints.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB02412","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hellweg, M., and Boatwright, J., 1999, Mapping the rupture process of moderate earthquakes by inverting accelerograms: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 104, no. B4, p. 7319-7328, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02412.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"7319","endPage":"7328","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479640,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb02412","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5086e4b0c8380cd6b748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hellweg, M.","contributorId":11344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hellweg","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021156,"text":"70021156 - 1999 - Calcium ion binding to a soil fulvic acid using a donnan potential model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-18T13:18:55.482581","indexId":"70021156","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3226,"text":"Radiochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcium ion binding to a soil fulvic acid using a donnan potential model","docAbstract":"<p>Calcium ion binding to a soil fulvic acid (Armadale Bh Horizon) was evaluated over a range of calcium ion concentrations, from pH 3.8 to 7.3, using potentiometric titrations and calcium ion electrode measurements. Fulvic acid concentration was constant (100 milligrams per liter) and calcium ion concentration varied up to 8 X 10<sup>-4</sup> moles per liter. Experiments discussed here included: (1) titrations of fulvic acid-calcium ion containing solutions with sodium hydroxide; and (2) titrations of fully neutralized fulvic acid with calcium chloride solutions. Apparent binding constants (expressed as the logarithm of the value, log <i>β</i><sub>app</sub>) vary with solution pH, calcium ion concentration, degree of acid dissociation, and ionic strength (from log <i>β</i><sub>app</sub> = 2.5 to 3.9) and are similar to those reported by others. Fulvic acid charge, and the associated Donnan Potential, influences calcium ion-fulvic acid ion pair formation. A Donnan Potential corrrection term allowed calculation of intrinsic calcium ion-fulvic acid binding constants. Intrinsic binding constants vary from 1.2 to 2.5 (the average value is about log <i>β</i>= 1.6) and are similar to, but somewhat higher than, stability constants for calcium ion-carboxylic acid monodentate complexes.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter Brill","doi":"10.1524/ract.1999.84.4.205","issn":"00338230","usgsCitation":"Marinsky, J., Mathuthu, A., Ephraim, J., and Reddy, M., 1999, Calcium ion binding to a soil fulvic acid using a donnan potential model: Radiochimica Acta, v. 84, no. 4, p. 205-211, https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1999.84.4.205.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230254,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2f9e4b0c8380cd4b508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marinsky, J.A.","contributorId":42706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinsky","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathuthu, A.","contributorId":38718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathuthu","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ephraim, J.H.","contributorId":28381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ephraim","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1000502,"text":"1000502 - 1999 - Modeling data from double-tagging experiments to estimate heterogeneous rates of tag shedding in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:39","indexId":"1000502","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling data from double-tagging experiments to estimate heterogeneous rates of tag shedding in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)","docAbstract":"Data from mark-recapture studies are used to estimate population rates such as exploitation, survival, and growth.  Many of these applications assume negligible tag loss, so tag shedding can be a significant problem.  Various tag shedding models have been developed for use with data from double-tagging experiments, including models to estimate constant instantaneous rates, time-dependent rates, and type I and II shedding rates.  In this study, we used conditional (on     recaptures) multinomial models implemented using the program SURVIV (G.C. White. 1983. J. Wildl. Manage. 47: 716-728) to estimate tag shedding rates of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and explore various potential sources of variation in these rates.  We applied the models to data from several long-term double-tagging experiments with Lake Superior lake trout and estimated shedding rates for anchor tags in hatchery-reared and wild fish and for various tag types applied in    these experiments.  Estimates of annual tag retention rates for lake trout were fairly high (80-90%), but we found evidence (among wild fish only) that retention rates may be significantly lower in the first year due to type I losses.  Annual retention rates for some tag types varied  between male and female fish, but there was no consistent pattern across years.  Our estimates of annual tag retention rates will be used in future studies of survival rates for these fish.\r","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Fabrizio, M.C., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Swanson, B.L., and Schram, S.T., 1999, Modeling data from double-tagging experiments to estimate heterogeneous rates of tag shedding in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 56, no. 8, p. 1409-1419.","productDescription":"p. 1409-1419","startPage":"1409","endPage":"1419","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":308643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":308644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, Bruce L.","contributorId":105660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schram, Stephen T.","contributorId":59384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schram","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000499,"text":"1000499 - 1999 - Maximum-limiting ages of Lake Michigan coastal dunes: Their correlation with Holocene lake level history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T11:19:37","indexId":"1000499","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maximum-limiting ages of Lake Michigan coastal dunes: Their correlation with Holocene lake level history","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">Coastal geomorphology along the Great Lakes has long been linked with lake-level history. Some of the most spectacular landforms along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan are high-relief dunes that mantle lake terraces. It has been assumed that these dunes developed during the Nipissing high stand of ancestral Lake Michigan. This hypothesis was tested through stratigraphic analyses and radiocarbon dating of buried soils at four sites between Manistee and Grand Haven, Michigan.</p>\n<p id=\"\">At each site, thick deposits of eolian sand overlie late-Pleistocene lacustrine sands. Moderately developed Spodosols (Entic Haplorthods) formed in the uppermost part of the lake sediments are buried by thick dune sand at three sites. At the fourth locality, a similar soil occurs in a very thin (1.3 m) unit of eolian sand buried deep within a dune. These soils indicate long-term (&sim; 4,000 years) stability of the lake deposits following subaerial exposure. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal in the buried sola indicates massive dune construction began between 4,900 and 4,500 cal. yr B.P. at the Nordhouse Dunes site, between 4,300 and 3,900 cal. yr B.P. at the Jackson and Nugent Quarries, and between 3,300 to 2,900 cal. yr B.P. at Rosy Mound. Given these ages, it can be concluded that dune building at one site occurred during the Nipissing high stand but that the other dunes developed later. Although lake levels generally fell after the Nipissing, it appears that dune construction may have resulted from small increases in lake level and destabilization of lake-terrace bluffs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(99)70746-X","usgsCitation":"Arbogast, A.F., and Loope, W.L., 1999, Maximum-limiting ages of Lake Michigan coastal dunes: Their correlation with Holocene lake level history: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 25, no. 2, p. 372-382, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(99)70746-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"372","endPage":"382","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6101e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arbogast, Alan F.","contributorId":46475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arbogast","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loope, Walter L. wloope@usgs.gov","contributorId":4616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Walter","email":"wloope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000495,"text":"1000495 - 1999 - Xenobiotic-induced apoptosis: significance and potential application as a general biomarker of response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T11:45:59","indexId":"1000495","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1034,"text":"Biomarkers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Xenobiotic-induced apoptosis: significance and potential application as a general biomarker of response","docAbstract":"<p>The process of apoptosis, often coined programmed cell death, involves cell injury induced by a variety of stimuli including xenobiotics and is morphologically, biochemically, and physiologically distinct from necrosis. Apoptotic death is characterized by cellular changes such as cytoplasm shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and plasma membrane asymmetry. This form of cell suicide is appealing as a general biomarker of response in that it is expressed in multiple cell systems (e.g. immune, neuronal, hepatal, intestinal, dermal, reproductive), is conserved phylogenetically (e.g. fish, rodents, birds, sheep, amphibians, roundworms, plants, humans), is modulated by environmentally relevant levels of chemical contaminants, and indicates a state of stress of the organism. Further, apoptosis is useful as a biomarker as it serves as a molecular control point and hence may provide mechanistic information on xenobiotic stress. Studies reviewed here suggest that apoptosis is a sensitive and early indicator of acute and chronic chemical stress, loss of cellular function and structure, and organismal health. Examples are provided of the application of this methodology in studies of health of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the Laurentian Great Lakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/135475099230778","usgsCitation":"Sweet, L.I., Passino-Reader, D.R., Meier, P.G., and Omann, G.M., 1999, Xenobiotic-induced apoptosis: significance and potential application as a general biomarker of response: Biomarkers, v. 4, no. 4, p. 237-253, https://doi.org/10.1080/135475099230778.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"253","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb53a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweet, Leonard I.","contributorId":107227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweet","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Passino-Reader, Dora R.","contributorId":50839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino-Reader","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, Peter G.","contributorId":90257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Omann, Geneva M.","contributorId":64595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omann","given":"Geneva","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021163,"text":"70021163 - 1999 - Variation in net trophic transfer efficiencies among 21 PCB congeners","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T10:48:17","indexId":"70021163","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in net trophic transfer efficiencies among 21 PCB congeners","docAbstract":"<p><span>We tested the hypothesis that the efficiency with which fish retain polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners from their food strongly depends on&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>ow</span><span>&nbsp;and degree of chlorination of the congener. We used diet information, determinations of concentrations of individual PCB congeners in both coho salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i><span>) and their prey, and bioenergetics modeling to estimate the efficiencies with which Lake Michigan coho salmon retain various PCB congeners from their food. The retention efficiency for the tetrachloro congeners averaged 38%, whereas retention efficiencies for higher chlorinated congeners ranged from 43 to 56%. Not including tetrachloro congeners, we found neither decreasing nor increasing trends in the efficiencies with which the coho salmon retained the PCB congeners from their food with either increasing&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>ow</span><span>&nbsp;or increasing degree of chlorination of the PCB congeners. We concluded that (a) for PCB congeners with 5&minus;8 chlorine atoms/molecule,&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>ow</span><span>&nbsp;and degree of chlorination had little influence on the efficiency with which coho salmon retained the various PCB congeners in their food, and (b) the efficiency with which coho salmon retained tetrachloro PCB congeners in their food appeared to be slightly lower than that for higher chlorinated PCB congeners.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","doi":"10.1021/es9903882","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C., Schmidt, L., Chernyak, S., Elliott, R., Desorcie, T., Quintal, R., Begnoche, L., and Hesselberg, R., 1999, Variation in net trophic transfer efficiencies among 21 PCB congeners: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 21, p. 3768-3773, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9903882.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3768","endPage":"3773","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9903882"}],"volume":"33","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc15ee4b08c986b32a53f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, L.J.","contributorId":89858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chernyak, S.M.","contributorId":21509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernyak","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott, R.F.","contributorId":82482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Desorcie, T.J.","contributorId":96442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quintal, R.T.","contributorId":93653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintal","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Begnoche, L.J.","contributorId":103025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hesselberg, R.J.","contributorId":72339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70021204,"text":"70021204 - 1999 - Stable isotope, chemical, and mineral compositions of the Middle Proterozoic Lijiaying Mn deposit, Shaanxi Province, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T15:10:10","indexId":"70021204","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope, chemical, and mineral compositions of the Middle Proterozoic Lijiaying Mn deposit, Shaanxi Province, China","docAbstract":"The Lijiaying Mn deposit, located about 250 km southwest of Xian, is a high-quality ore characterized by low P and Fe contents and a mean Mn content of about 23%. The ore deposit occurs in shallow-water marine sedimentary rocks of probable Middle Proterozoic age. Carbonate minerals in the ore deposit include kutnahorite, calcite, Mn calcite, and Mg calcite. Carbon (−0.4 to −4.0‰) and oxygen (−3.7 to −12.9‰) isotopes show that, with a few exceptions, those carbonate minerals are not pristine low-temperature marine precipitates. All samples are depleted in rare earth elements (REEs) relative to shale and have negative Eu and positive Ce anomalies on chondrite-normalized plots. The Fe/Mn ratios of representative ore samples range from about 0.034 to <0.008 and P/Mn from 0.0023 to <0.001. Based on mineralogical data, the low ends of those ranges of ratios are probably close to ratios for the pure Mn minerals. Manganese contents have a strong positive correlation with Ce anomaly values and a moderate correlation with total REE contents. Compositional data indicate that kutnahorite is a metamorphic mineral and that most calcites formed as low-temperature marine carbonates that were subsequently metamorphosed. The braunite ore precursor mineral was probably a Mn oxyhydroxide, similar to those that formed on the deep ocean-floor during the Cenozoic. Because the Lijiaying precursor mineral formed in a shallow-water marine environment, the atmospheric oxygen content during the Middle Proterozoic may have been lower than it has been during the Cenozoic.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ore Geology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00014-1","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Yeh, H., Hein, J.R., Ye, J., and Fan, D., 1999, Stable isotope, chemical, and mineral compositions of the Middle Proterozoic Lijiaying Mn deposit, Shaanxi Province, China: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 15, no. 1-3, p. 55-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00014-1.","startPage":"55","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206444,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00014-1"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9681e4b08c986b31b556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yeh, Hsueh-Wen","contributorId":11786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeh","given":"Hsueh-Wen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":389053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ye, Jie","contributorId":10187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ye","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fan, Delian","contributorId":88515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Delian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174782,"text":"70174782 - 1999 - Decision analysis tools: use of the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model: Chapter 9","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T12:07:50","indexId":"70174782","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Decision analysis tools: use of the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model: Chapter 9","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of global environmental policy and administration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Marcel Dekker","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","isbn":"978-0824719890","usgsCitation":"Lamb, B.L., Burkardt, N., and Lybecker, D., 1999, Decision analysis tools: use of the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model: Chapter 9, chap. <i>of</i> Handbook of global environmental policy and administration, p. 175-194.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"194","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a092ee4b0c1aacab7d3f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, B. L.","contributorId":9187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, N.","contributorId":13913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lybecker, D.","contributorId":48917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lybecker","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021524,"text":"70021524 - 1999 - Prediction of episodic acidification in North-eastern USA: An empirical/mechanistic approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:58","indexId":"70021524","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of episodic acidification in North-eastern USA: An empirical/mechanistic approach","docAbstract":"Observations from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Episodic Response Project (ERP) in the North-eastern United States are used to develop an empirical/mechanistic scheme for prediction of the minimum values of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) during episodes. An acidification episode is defined as a hydrological event during which ANC decreases. The pre-episode ANC is used to index the antecedent condition, and the stream flow increase reflects how much the relative contributions of sources of waters change during the episode. As much as 92% of the total variation in the minimum ANC in individual catchments can be explained (with levels of explanation >70% for nine of the 13 streams) by a multiple linear regression model that includes pre-episode ANC and change in discharge as independent variable. The predictive scheme is demonstrated to be regionally robust, with the regional variance explained ranging from 77 to 83%. The scheme is not successful for each ERP stream, and reasons are suggested for the individual failures. The potential for applying the predictive scheme to other watersheds is demonstrated by testing the model with data from the Panola Mountain Research Watershed in the South-eastern United States, where the variance explained by the model was 74%. The model can also be utilized to assess 'chemically new' and 'chemically old' water sources during acidification episodes.Observations from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Episodic Response Project (ERP) in the Northeastern United States are used to develop an empirical/mechanistic scheme for prediction of the minimum values of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) during episodes. An acidification episode is defined as a hydrological event during which ANC decreases. The pre-episode ANC is used to index the antecedent condition, and the stream flow increase reflects how much the relative contributions of sources of waters change during the episode. As much as 92% of the total variation in the minimum ANC in individual catchments can be explained (with levels of explanation >70% for nine of the 13 streams) by a multiple linear regression model that includes pre-episode ANC and change in discharge as independent variables. The predictive scheme is demonstrated to be regionally robust, with the regional variance explained ranging from 77 to 83%. The scheme is not successful for each ERP stream, and reasons are suggested for the individual failures. The potential for applying the predictive scheme to other watersheds is demonstrated by testing the model with data from the Panola Mountain Research Watershed in the South-eastern United States, where the variance explained by the model was 74%. The model can also be utilized to assess `chemically new' and `chemically old' water sources during acidification episodes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19990615)13:8<1181::AID-HYP767>3.0.CO;2-9","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Davies, T., Tranter, M., Wigington, P., Eshleman, K., Peters, N., Van Sickle, J., DeWalle, D.R., and Murdoch, P., 1999, Prediction of episodic acidification in North-eastern USA: An empirical/mechanistic approach: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 8, p. 1181-1195, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19990615)13:8<1181::AID-HYP767>3.0.CO;2-9.","startPage":"1181","endPage":"1195","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206201,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19990615)13:8<1181::AID-HYP767>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"id":229100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81ede4b0c8380cd7b7e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davies, T.D.","contributorId":86513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tranter, M.","contributorId":22525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tranter","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wigington, P.J. Jr.","contributorId":96433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wigington","given":"P.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eshleman, K.N.","contributorId":12632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eshleman","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Van Sickle, J.","contributorId":79252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Sickle","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeWalle, David R.","contributorId":23291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWalle","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70021521,"text":"70021521 - 1999 - The influence of anthropogenic landscape changes on weather in south Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:13:39","indexId":"70021521","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2786,"text":"Monthly Weather Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of anthropogenic landscape changes on weather in south Florida","docAbstract":"Using identical observed meteorology for lateral boundary conditions, the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System was integrated for July-August 1973 for south Florida. Three experiments were performed-one using the observed 1973 landscape, another the 1993 landscape, and the third the 1900 landscape, when the region was close to its natural state. Over the 2-month period, there was a 9% decrease in rainfall averaged over south Florida with the 1973 landscape and an 11% decrease with the 1993 landscape, as compared with the model results when the 1900 landscape is used. The limited available observations of trends in summer rainfall over this region are consistent with these trends.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1663:TIOALC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00270644","usgsCitation":"Pielke, R., Walko, R.L., Steyaert, L.T., Vidale, P., Liston, G., Lyons, W., and Chase, T., 1999, The influence of anthropogenic landscape changes on weather in south Florida: Monthly Weather Review, v. 127, no. 7, p. 1663-1672, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1663:TIOALC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1663","endPage":"1672","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487422,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1663:tioalc>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad0fe4b08c986b323954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pielke, R.A. Sr.","contributorId":96224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walko, R. L.","contributorId":25521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walko","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, L. T.","contributorId":71303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vidale, P.L.","contributorId":35690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liston, G.E.","contributorId":70553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liston","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lyons, W.A.","contributorId":83691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chase, T.N.","contributorId":7860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70021518,"text":"70021518 - 1999 - Predicting ground-water movement in large mine spoil areas in the Appalachian Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021518","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting ground-water movement in large mine spoil areas in the Appalachian Plateau","docAbstract":"Spoil created by surface mining can accumulate large quantities of ground-water, which can create geotechnical or regulatory problems, as well as flood active mine pits. A current study at a large (4.1 km2), thick, (up to 90 m) spoil body in eastern Kentucky reveals important factors that control the storage and movement of water. Ground-water recharge occurs along the periphery of the spoil body where surface-water drainage is blocked, as well as from infiltration along the spoil-bedrock contact, recharge from adjacent bedrock, and to a minor extent, through macropores at the spoil's surface. Based on an average saturated thickness of 6.4 m for all spoil wells, and assuming an estimated porosity of 20%, approximately 5.2 x 106 m3 of water is stored within the existing 4.1 km2 of reclaimed spoil. A conceptual model of ground-water flow, based on data from monitoring wells, dye-tracing data, discharge from springs and ponds, hydraulic gradients, chemical data, field reconnaissance, and aerial photographs indicate that three distinct but interconnected saturated zones have been established: one in the spoil's interior, and others in the valley fills that surround the main spoil body at lower elevations. Ground-water movement is sluggish in the spoil's interior, but moves quickly through the valley fills. The conceptual model shows that a prediction of ground-water occurrence, movement, and quality can be made for active or abandoned spoil areas if all or some of the following data are available: structural contour of the base of the lowest coal seam being mined, pre-mining topography, documentation of mining methods employed throughout the mine, overburden characteristics, and aerial photographs of mine progression.Spoil created by surface mining can accumulate large quantities of ground-water, which can create geotechnical or regulatory problems, as well as flood active mine pits. A current study at a large (4.1 km2), thick, (up to 90 m) spoil body in eastern Kentucky reveals important factors that control the storage and movement of water. Ground-water recharge occurs along the periphery of the spoil body where surface-water drainage is blocked, as well as from infiltration along the spoil-bedrock contact, recharge from adjacent bedrock, and to a minor extent, through macropores at the spoil's surface. Based on an average saturated thickness of 6.4 m for all spoil wells, and assuming an estimated porosity of 20%, approximately 5.2 ?? 106 m3 of water is stored within the existing 4.1 km2 of reclaimed spoil. A conceptual model of ground-water flow, based on data from monitoring wells, dye-tracing data, discharge from springs and ponds, hydraulic gradients, chemical data, field reconnaissance, and aerial photographs indicate that three distinct but interconnected saturated zones have been established: one in the spoil's interior, and others in the valley fills that surround the main spoil body at lower elevations. Ground-water movement is sluggish in the spoil's interior, but moves quickly through the valley fills. The conceptual model shows that a prediction of ground-water occurrence, movement, and quality can be made for active or abandoned spoil areas if all or some of the following data are available: structural contour of the base of the lowest coal seam being mined, pre-mining topography, documentation of mining methods employed throughout the mine, overburden characteristics, and aerial photographs of mine progression.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00012-9","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Wunsch, D., Dinger, J., and Graham, C., 1999, Predicting ground-water movement in large mine spoil areas in the Appalachian Plateau: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 41, no. 1-2, p. 73-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00012-9.","startPage":"73","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206376,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00012-9"},{"id":229580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81b6e4b0c8380cd7b6b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wunsch, D.R.","contributorId":71340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wunsch","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinger, J.S.","contributorId":64416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinger","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, C.D.R.","contributorId":85736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"C.D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021513,"text":"70021513 - 1999 - A spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt model for application in mountain basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-25T23:01:28.333967","indexId":"70021513","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt model for application in mountain basins","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Snowmelt is the principal source for soil moisture, ground-water re-charge, and stream-flow in mountainous regions of the western US, Canada, and other similar regions of the world. Information on the timing, magnitude, and contributing area of melt under variable or changing climate conditions is required for successful water and resource management. A coupled energy and mass-balance model ISNOBAL is used to simulate the development and melting of the seasonal snowcover in several mountain basins in California, Idaho, and Utah. Simulations are done over basins varying from 1 to 2500 km<sup>2</sup>, with simulation periods varying from a few days for the smallest basin, Emerald Lake watershed in California, to multiple snow seasons for the Park City area in Utah. The model is driven by topographically corrected estimates of radiation, temperature, humidity, wind, and precipitation. Simulation results in all basins closely match independently measured snow water equivalent, snow depth, or runoff during both the development and depletion of the snowcover. Spatially distributed estimates of snow deposition and melt allow us to better understand the interaction between topographic structure, climate, and moisture availability in mountain basins of the western US. Application of topographically distributed models such as this will lead to improved water resource and watershed management. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199909)13:12/13<1935::AID-HYP868>3.0.CO;2-C","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Marks, D., Domingo, J., Susong, D., Link, T., and Garen, D., 1999, A spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt model for application in mountain basins: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 12-13, p. 1935-1959, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199909)13:12/13<1935::AID-HYP868>3.0.CO;2-C.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1935","endPage":"1959","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"12-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5a2e4b0c8380cd46eb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marks, D.","contributorId":93217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marks","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domingo, J.","contributorId":77316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domingo","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Susong, D.","contributorId":30777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Link, T.","contributorId":47933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garen, D.","contributorId":28395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garen","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021210,"text":"70021210 - 1999 - Sidescan-sonar mapping of benthic trawl marks on the shelf and slope off Eureka, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021210","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sidescan-sonar mapping of benthic trawl marks on the shelf and slope off Eureka, California","docAbstract":"The abundance and orientation of trawl marks was quantified over an extensive portion (>2700 km2) of the Eureka, California, outer shelf and slope, an important commercial bottom trawling ground for such high-value species as rockfish, sole, and sablefish. Fishing logbook data indicate that the entire reporting area was trawled about one and a half times on an average annual basis and that some areas were trawled over three times annually. High-resolution sidescan-sonar images of the study area revealed deep gouges on the seafloor, caused by heavy steel trawl doors that act to weigh down and spread open the bottom trawls. These trawl marks are commonly oriented parallel to bathymetric contours and many could be traced for several kilometers. Trawl marks showed a quadratic relationship in relation to water depth, with the greatest number of trawl marks observed at ~400 m. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of trawl marks observed on the sidescan images and the number of annual trawl hours logged within reporting areas. This finding indicates that acoustic remote sensing is a promising independent approach to evaluate fishing effort on a scale consistent with commercial fishing activities. Bottom trawling gear is known to modify seafloor habitats by altering benthic habitat complexity and by removing or damaging infauna and sessile organisms. Identifying the extent of trawling in these areas may help determine the effects of this type of fishing gear on the benthos and develop indices of habitat disturbance caused by fishing activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fishery Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00900656","usgsCitation":"Friedlander, A.M., Boehlert, G., Field, M., Mason, J., Gardner, J., and Dartnell, P., 1999, Sidescan-sonar mapping of benthic trawl marks on the shelf and slope off Eureka, California: Fishery Bulletin, v. 97, no. 4, p. 786-801.","startPage":"786","endPage":"801","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f07e4b08c986b318cae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedlander, A. M.","contributorId":38099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedlander","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boehlert, G.W.","contributorId":68483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehlert","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, J.E.","contributorId":49136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dartnell, P.","contributorId":60797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70021511,"text":"70021511 - 1999 - Evidence for surface rupture in 1868 on the Hayward fault in north Oakland and major rupturing in prehistoric earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T23:58:04.338794","indexId":"70021511","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for surface rupture in 1868 on the Hayward fault in north Oakland and major rupturing in prehistoric earthquakes","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><i>WGCEP90</i><span>&nbsp;</span>estimated the Hayward fault to have a high probability (0.45 in 30 yr) of producing a future M7 Bay Area earthquake. This was based on a generic recurrence time and an unverified segmentation model, because there were few direct observations for the southern fault and none for the northern Hayward fault. To better constrain recurrence and segmentation of the northern Hayward fault, we trenched in north Oakland. Unexpectedly, we observed evidence of surface rupture probably from the M7 1868 earthquake. This extends the limit of that surface rupture 13 km north of the segmentation boundary used in the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>WGCEP90</i><span>&nbsp;</span>model and forces serious re-evaluation of the current two-segment paradigm. Although we found that major prehistoric ruptures have occurred here, we could not radiocarbon date them. However, the last major prehistoric event appears correlative with a recently recognized event 13 km to the north dated AD 1640–1776.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999GL900393","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., and Williams, P.L., 1999, Evidence for surface rupture in 1868 on the Hayward fault in north Oakland and major rupturing in prehistoric earthquakes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 26, no. 13, p. 1949-1952, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900393.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1949","endPage":"1952","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479478,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl900393","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229469,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d53e4b0c8380cd52f54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, J. J.","contributorId":71947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, P. L.","contributorId":79109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021233,"text":"70021233 - 1999 - Importance of microscopy in durability studies of solidified and stabilized contaminated soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-25T19:44:10.290872","indexId":"70021233","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of microscopy in durability studies of solidified and stabilized contaminated soils","docAbstract":"Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is recognized by the U.S. EPA as a best demonstrated available technology for the containment of contaminated soils and other hazardous wastes that cannot be destroyed by chemical, thermal, or biological means. Despite the increased use of S/S technologies, little research has been conducted on the weathering and degradation of solidified and stabilized wastes once the treated materials have been buried. Published data to verify the performance and durability of landfilled treated wastes over time are rare. In this preliminary study, optical and electron microscopy (scanning electron microscopy [SEM], transmission electron microscopy [TEM] and electron probe microanalyses [EPMA]) were used to evaluate weathering features associated with metal-bearing contaminated soil that had been solidified and stabilized with Portland cement and subsequently buried on site, stored outdoors aboveground, or achieved in a laboratory warehouse for up to 6 yr. Physical and chemical alteration processes identified include: freeze-thaw cracking, cracking caused by the formation of expansive minerals such as ettringite, carbonation, and the movement of metals from waste aggregates into the cement micromass. Although the extent of degradation after 6 yr is considered slight to moderate, results of this study show that the same environmental concerns that affect the durability of concrete must be considered when evaluating the durability and permanence of the solidification and stabilization of contaminated soils with cement. In addition, such evaluations cannot be based on leaching and chemical analyses alone. The use of all levels of microscopic analyses must be incorporated into studies of the long-term performance of S/S technologies.Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is recognized by the U.S. EPA as a best demonstrated available technology for the containment of contaminated soils and other hazardous wastes that cannot be destroyed by chemical, thermal, or biological means. Despite the increased use of S/S technologies, little research has been conducted on the weathering and degradation of solidified and stabilized wastes once the treated materials have been buried. Published data to verify the performance and durability of landfilled treated wastes over time are rare. In this preliminary study, optical and electron microscopy (scanning electron microscopy [SEM], transmission electron microscopy [TEM] and electron probe microanalyses [EPMA]) were used to evaluate weathering features associated with metal-bearing contaminated soil that had been solidified and stabilized with Portland cement and subsequently buried on site, stored outdoors aboveground, or archived in a laboratory, warehouse for up to 6 yr. Physical and chemical alteration processes identified include: freeze-thaw cracking, cracking caused by the formation of expansive minerals such as ettringite, carbonation, and the movement of metals from waste aggregates into the cement micromass. Although the extent of degradation after 6 yr is considered slight to moderate, results of this study show that the same environmental concerns that affect the durability of concrete must be considered when evaluating the durability and permanence of the solidification and stabilization of contaminated soils with cement. In addition, such evaluations cannot be based on leaching and chemical analyses alone. The use of all levels of microscopic analyses must be incorporated into studies of the long-term performance of S/S technologies.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1999.6351274x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Klich, I., Wilding, L., Drees, L., and Landa, E.R., 1999, Importance of microscopy in durability studies of solidified and stabilized contaminated soils: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 63, no. 5, p. 1274-1283, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.6351274x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1274","endPage":"1283","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a393de4b0c8380cd61863","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klich, I.","contributorId":68911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klich","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilding, L.P.","contributorId":74534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilding","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drees, L.R.","contributorId":101833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drees","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}