{"pageNumber":"1226","pageRowStart":"30625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40904,"records":[{"id":70021689,"text":"70021689 - 1999 - Coupling groundwater and riparian vegetation models to assess effects of reservoir releases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T15:30:04","indexId":"70021689","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupling groundwater and riparian vegetation models to assess effects of reservoir releases","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although riparian areas in the arid southwestern United States are critical for maintaining species diversity, their extent and health have been declining since Euro‐American settlement. The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology to evaluate the potential for riparian vegetation restoration and groundwater recharge. A numerical groundwater flow model was coupled with a conceptual riparian vegetation model to predict hydrologic conditions favorable to maintaining riparian vegetation downstream of a reservoir. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used for this one‐way coupling. Constant and seasonally varying releases from the dam were simulated using volumes anticipated to be permitted by a regional water supplier. Simulations indicated that seasonally variable releases would produce surface flow 5.4–8.5 km below the dam in a previously dry reach. Using depth to groundwater simulations from the numerical flow model with conceptual models of depths to water necessary for maintenance of riparian vegetation, the GIS analysis predicted a 5‐ to 6.5‐fold increase in the area capable of sustaining riparian vegetation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900233","usgsCitation":"Springer, A., Wright, J.M., Shafroth, P.B., Stromberg, J.C., and Patten, D.T., 1999, Coupling groundwater and riparian vegetation models to assess effects of reservoir releases: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 12, p. 3621-3630, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900233.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3621","endPage":"3630","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900233","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc8de4b0c8380cd4e2f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Springer, Abraham E.","contributorId":9558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"Abraham E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Julie M.","contributorId":145733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stromberg, Juliet C.","contributorId":52280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromberg","given":"Juliet","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patten, Duncan T.","contributorId":124573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patten","given":"Duncan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022024,"text":"70022024 - 1999 - Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:21:08","indexId":"70022024","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota","docAbstract":"Linear models were developed for predicting mean Secchi disk depth readings as a measure of water clarity for the summer months in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. The 20-yr (1976-1995) data set also included external phosphorus (P) loadings and in-lake April P concentrations as indices of lake nutrient status, and monthly (28 d) water column stabilities and Daphnia biomasses as indices of lake mixing and algal grazing potentials, respectively. June Secchi depths were mostly controlled by food web dynamics, which dictated whether the larger-bodied Daphnia pulicaria or the smaller-bodied D. galeata mendotae dominated during the spring clear-water phase. May Daphnia biomasses were significantly greater in D. pulicaria-dominated years than in D. galeata-dominated years; D. pulicaria-year biomasses were also greater during the summer months. The model for the midsummer (July-August) months indicated that Secchi depths were inversely related to April P concentrations and positively related to midsummer Daphnia biomasses and lake stabilities. Scenarios for midsummer Secchi depths were tested using the observed minimum and maximum values for each predictor variate. While holding two variates constant, April P, Daphnia biomass, and lake stability each resulted in relatively similar Secchi ranges (0.81, 0.81, and 1.17 m, respectively). Our results suggest that summer water clarity in eutrophic Lake Mendota is controlled by interacting ecosystem processes linked to land use activities, lake food web dynamics, and climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Lathrop, R., Carpenter, S., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 44, no. 1, p. 137-146.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f45e4b08c986b31e464","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lathrop, R.C.","contributorId":56827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lathrop","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, S.R.","contributorId":84534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021979,"text":"70021979 - 1999 - Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T16:49:28.913951","indexId":"70021979","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Much of the modern upper (proximal) Monterey fan is a channel–levee complex, the Upper Turbidite Sequence (UTS), that was deeply eroded after the channel breached a volcanic ridge to reach a deeper base level. Ages of sediment samples collected with the ALVIN submersible from the deepest outcrop within the channel–levee system, 390 m below the adjacent western levee crest, indicate that the UTS deposits accumulated at ≥1 m ka</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;during the last 500 ka. Neogene and Early Pleistocene sediment accumulation on the fan prior to the UTS was much slower (&lt;0.03 m ka</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), and underlying turbidite systems(?) had substantially different morphologic expression(s).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s003670050066","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., 1999, Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 18, no. 3, p. 179-188, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003670050066.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489138,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232699","text":"External Repository"},{"id":229157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey fan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.6856342263831,\n              37.10209851973849\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.7968195975298,\n              37.10209851973849\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.7968195975298,\n              35.299385520898596\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6856342263831,\n              35.299385520898596\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6856342263831,\n              37.10209851973849\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a450de4b0c8380cd66fcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021726,"text":"70021726 - 1999 - Wave-propagation formulation of seismic response of multistory buildings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T16:40:24.789808","indexId":"70021726","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave-propagation formulation of seismic response of multistory buildings","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper presents a discrete-time wave-propagation method to calculate the seismic response of multistory buildings, founded on layered soil media and subjected to vertically propagating shear waves. Buildings are modeled as an extension of the layered soil media by considering each story as another layer in the wave-propagation path. The seismic response is expressed in terms of wave travel times between the layers and wave reflection and transmission coefficients at layer interfaces. The method accounts for the filtering effects of the concentrated foundation and floor masses. Compared with commonly used vibration formulation, the wave-propagation formulation provides several advantages, including simplicity, improved accuracy, better representation of damping, the ability to incorporate the soil layers under the foundation, and providing better tools for identification and damage detection from seismic records. Examples are presented to show the versatility and the superiority of the method.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:4(426)","issn":"07339445","usgsCitation":"Safak, E., 1999, Wave-propagation formulation of seismic response of multistory buildings: Journal of Structural Engineering, v. 125, no. 4, p. 426-437, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:4(426).","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"426","endPage":"437","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf9be4b08c986b32e9d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safak, E.","contributorId":104070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021588,"text":"70021588 - 1999 - An ancient depleted mantle sample from a 42-Ma dike in Montana: Constraints on persistence of the lithosphere during Eocene Magmatism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021588","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An ancient depleted mantle sample from a 42-Ma dike in Montana: Constraints on persistence of the lithosphere during Eocene Magmatism","docAbstract":"Recent models for the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the western margin of North America propose that delamination of ancient lithosphere accompanied asthenospheric upwelling, magmatism, and uplift subsequent to Laramide deformation. On the basis of the age of an alkaline dike in south-central Montana, thermometry of mantle xenoliths from the dike, and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions of the dike and a xenocryst, we show that refractory lithosphere, derived from ancient, depleted mantle, remained in place under the Wyoming Craton as late as 42 Ma. The Haymond School Dike, a camptonite, yields a 40Ar/39Ar plateau date of 41.97 ?? 0.19 Ma (2??). Paleomagnetic data are consistent with this date and indicate intrusion during chron C19r. The dike has Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions similar to those of other Eocene alkaline rocks from central Montana. A clinopyroxene megacryst from the dike has ??42 = 17, and 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70288, indicating that it derives from ancient, depleted mantle isotopically distinct from the source of the host camptonite. Thermometry of xenoliths from the dike shows pyroxene populations that formed at 880?? and 1200??C. Combining thermometry with previous estimates of the regional Eocene geotherm inferred from xenoliths in kimberlites, and with the Al-in-orthopyroxene barometer, we infer that lithospheric mantle remained intact to depths of 110-150 km as late as 42 Ma. Eocene magmatism was not accompanied by complete removal of ancient lithosphere.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/314349","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Dudas, F., and Harlan, S.S., 1999, An ancient depleted mantle sample from a 42-Ma dike in Montana: Constraints on persistence of the lithosphere during Eocene Magmatism: Journal of Geology, v. 107, no. 3, p. 287-299, https://doi.org/10.1086/314349.","startPage":"287","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206354,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/314349"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9fae4b0c8380cd48581","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudas, F.O.","contributorId":56821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudas","given":"F.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harlan, S. S.","contributorId":11651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021487,"text":"70021487 - 1999 - Methods for developing time-series climate surfaces to drive topographically distributed energy- and water-balance models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-25T23:02:50.704418","indexId":"70021487","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for developing time-series climate surfaces to drive topographically distributed energy- and water-balance models","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Topographically distributed energy- and water-balance models can accurately simulate both the development and melting of a seasonal snowcover in the mountain basins. To do this they require time-series climate surfaces of air temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and solar and thermal radiation. If data are available, these parameters can be adequately estimated at time steps of one to three hours. Unfortunately, climate monitoring in mountain basins is very limited, and the full range of elevations and exposures that affect climate conditions, snow deposition, and melt is seldom sampled. Detailed time-series climate surfaces have been successfully developed using limited data and relatively simple methods. We present a synopsis of the tools and methods used to combine limited data with simple corrections for the topographic controls to generate high temporal resolution time-series images of these climate parameters. Methods used include simulations, elevational gradients, and detrended kriging. The generated climate surfaces are evaluated at points and spatially to determine if they are reasonable approximations of actual conditions. Recommendations are made for the addition of critical parameters and measurement sites into routine monitoring systems in mountain basins.&nbsp;</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199909)13:12/13<2003::AID-HYP884>3.0.CO;2-K","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Susong, D., Marks, D., and Garen, D., 1999, Methods for developing time-series climate surfaces to drive topographically distributed energy- and water-balance models: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 12-13, p. 2003-2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199909)13:12/13<2003::AID-HYP884>3.0.CO;2-K.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2003","endPage":"2021","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"12-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55b2e4b0c8380cd6d273","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Susong, D.","contributorId":30777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marks, D.","contributorId":93217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marks","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garen, D.","contributorId":28395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garen","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021728,"text":"70021728 - 1999 - Reef and nonreef aquifers - A comparison of hydrogeology and geochemistry, northwestern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-07T00:58:55.179932","indexId":"70021728","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reef and nonreef aquifers - A comparison of hydrogeology and geochemistry, northwestern Indiana","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The principal bedrock aquifer system across much of Indiana consists of carbonate rocks of Silurian and Devonian age. The Silurian-Devonian aquifer system is used extensively for irrigation in northwestern Indiana and is approximately 170 m thick. Reef and nonreef carbonate aquifers in northwestern Indiana were assessed using hydrogeology (lithology, geophysical logs, aquifer tests) and geochemistry (major ions and stable isotopes).</p><p>The study showed differences in water quantity and quality between the reef and nonreef aquifers. The reef aquifer had few shales, abundant fossiliferous material (up to 100 m thick), and high porosities (10 to 15%). The nonreef aquifer had abundant shales, less fossiliferous material (a few meters thick), and low porosities. Total transmissivities at the reef sites were 697 m<sup>2</sup>/d, (meters squared per day) and 4831 m<sup>2</sup>/d, compared to 46 m<sup>2</sup>/d at the nonreef site. Flowpaths in the nonreef aquifer were associated with fractures and poorly connected moldic porosity with larger fractures and better connected vuggy porosity in the reef aquifer. Water chemistry data for the nonreef aquifer showed mean concentrations of sodium (235 mg/L [milligrams per liter]), sulfate (160 mg/L), sul-fide (13 mg/L), fluoride (2.7 mg/L), and dissolved solids (635 mg/L) approximately two to five times larger when compared to mean concentrations in the reef aquifer. Ground water at the nonreef site was classified as a sodium-bicarbonate type while that at the reef sites was calcium-magnesium bicarbonate. The oxygen/deuterium isotope data indicates recharge from modern precipitation and not Pleistocene-age recharge.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00974.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Schnoebelen, D., and Krothe, N., 1999, Reef and nonreef aquifers - A comparison of hydrogeology and geochemistry, northwestern Indiana: Groundwater, v. 37, no. 2, p. 194-203, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00974.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a417e4b0e8fec6cdba3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schnoebelen, D.J.","contributorId":98352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krothe, N.C.","contributorId":76378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krothe","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001011,"text":"1001011 - 1999 - Laboratory evaluation of a lake trout bioenergetics model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T11:32:13","indexId":"1001011","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory evaluation of a lake trout bioenergetics model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lake trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>, aged 3 and 6 years and with average weights of 700 and 2,000 g, were grown in laboratory tanks for up to 407 d under a thermal regime similar to that experienced by lake trout in nearshore Lake Michigan. Lake trout were fed alewife</span><i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i><span>&nbsp;and rainbow smelt&nbsp;</span><i>Osmerus mordax</i><span>, prey typical of lake trout in Lake Michigan. Of the 120 lake trout used in the experiment, 40 were fed a low ration (0.25% of their body weight per day), 40 were fed a medium ration (0.5% of their body weight per day), and 40 were fed a high ration (ad libitum). We measured consumption and growth, and we compared observed consumption with that predicted by the Wisconsin bioenergetics model. For lake trout fed the medium ration, model predictions for monthly consumption were unbiased. Moreover, predicted cumulative consumption by medium-ration lake trout for the entire experiment (320 d for smaller lake trout and 407 d for larger lake trout) agreed quite well with observed cumulative consumption; predictions were as close as within 0.1 to 5.2% of observed cumulative consumption. Even so, the model consistently overestimated consumption by low-ration fish and underestimated consumption by high-ration fish. The bias was significant in both cases, but was more severe for the low-ration trout. Because the low-ration and high-ration regimes were probably unrealistic for lake trout residing in Lake Michigan and because the model fit our laboratory data rather well for medium-ration trout, we conclude that applying the Wisconsin bioenergetics model to the Lake Michigan lake trout population in order to estimate the amount of prey fish consumed by lake trout each year is appropriate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0802:LEOALT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., and O’Connor, D.V., 1999, Laboratory evaluation of a lake trout bioenergetics model: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 5, p. 802-814, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0802:LEOALT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"802","endPage":"814","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479613,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0802:leoalt>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, Daniel V.","contributorId":73950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021224,"text":"70021224 - 1999 - Assessing the effects of fire disturbances on ecosystems: A scientific agenda for research and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T17:42:19.69304","indexId":"70021224","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"PNW-GTR-455","title":"Assessing the effects of fire disturbances on ecosystems: A scientific agenda for research and management","docAbstract":"<p><span>A team of fire scientists and resource managers convened 17-19 April 1996 in Seattle, Washington, to assess the effects of fire disturbance on ecosystems. Objectives of this workshop were to develop scientific recommendations for future fire research and management activities. These recommendations included a series of numerically ranked scientific and managerial questions and responses focusing on (1) links among fire effects, fuels, and climate; (2) fire as a large-scale disturbance; (3) fire-effects modeling structures; and (4) managerial concerns, applications, and decision support. At the present time, understanding of fire effects and the ability to extrapolate fire effects knowledge to large spatial scales are limited, because most data have been collected at small spatial scales for specific applications. Although we clearly need more large-scale fire-effects data, it will be more expedient to concentrate efforts on improving and linking existing models that simulate fire effects in a georeferenced format while integrating empirical data as they become available. A significant component of this effort should be improved communication between modelers and managers to develop modeling tools to use in a planning context. Another component of this modeling effort should improve our ability to predict the interactions of fire and potential climatic change at very large spatial scales. The priority issues and approaches described here provide a template for fire science and fire management programs in the next decade and beyond.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Forest Service","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-455","usgsCitation":"Schmoldt, D.L., Peterson, D.L., Keane, R.E., Lenihan, J.M., McKenzie, D., Weise, D.R., and Sandberg, D.V., 1999, Assessing the effects of fire disturbances on ecosystems: A scientific agenda for research and management: General Technical Report PNW-GTR-455, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-455.","productDescription":"104 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230099,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede8e4b0c8380cd49ac6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmoldt, D. L.","contributorId":79077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmoldt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, David L. davep@usgs.gov","contributorId":292421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"davep@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keane, Robert E.","contributorId":73930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keane","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lenihan, J. M.","contributorId":44043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lenihan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKenzie, D.","contributorId":34093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weise, David R.","contributorId":15138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weise","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sandberg, D. V.","contributorId":36339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandberg","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70021947,"text":"70021947 - 1999 - Characterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strong ground motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-25T17:04:47.490201","indexId":"70021947","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strong ground motion","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.70.1.59","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Somerville, P., Irikura, K., Graves, R., Sawada, S., Wald, D.J., Abrahamson, N., Iwasaki, Y., Kagawa, T., Smith, N., and Kowada, A., 1999, Characterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strong ground motion: Seismological Research Letters, v. 70, no. 1, p. 59-80, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.70.1.59.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"80","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229499,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.377879,37.830648],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.147647,34.024831],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.115058,34.019866],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.575636,33.996009],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.825865,34.059794],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.403613,34.050442],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.346946,34.046576],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.57516,33.033961],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.559171,33.006291],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.379968,32.824545],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.382037,33.409883],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.520465,33.827778],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.236239,32.671353],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691984,33.456627],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.000593,33.654319],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.004644,34.066231],[-119.037494,34.083111],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.337475,34.290576],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.638864,34.415696],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.835771,34.415796],[-119.853771,34.407996],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.038828,34.463434],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60197,34.692095],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.616325,34.866739],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.662475,35.153357],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.754823,35.174701],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.778998,35.168897],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.472435,35.91989],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.797059,36.234211],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.807062,36.714157],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.155078,36.98085],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.423286,37.392542],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.519533,37.537302],[-122.513688,37.552239],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.145378,37.600846],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.253753,37.761218],[-122.293996,37.770416],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.33555,37.799538],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.35711,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.415361,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.452995,37.996167],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.48572,37.937589],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.471975,37.910427],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.458558,37.894064],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.856573,38.016717],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-122.986319,38.273164],[-123.002911,38.295708],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.398166,38.647044],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.579856,38.802835],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.721505,39.125327],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.765891,39.193657],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.320912,40.226617],[-124.327691,40.23737],[-124.34307,40.243979],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.362796,40.350046],[-124.365357,40.374855],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.383224,40.499852],[-124.387023,40.504954],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.154513,41.087159],[-124.160556,41.099011],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.149674,41.140845],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"70","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4fce4b0c8380cd4c006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Somerville, P.","contributorId":41158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somerville","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irikura, K.","contributorId":27217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irikura","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graves, R.","contributorId":86910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sawada, S.","contributorId":91265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawada","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Abrahamson, N.","contributorId":60358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Iwasaki, Y.","contributorId":78900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwasaki","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kagawa, T.","contributorId":88089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kagawa","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, N.","contributorId":24795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kowada, A.","contributorId":39150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowada","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70021462,"text":"70021462 - 1999 - Numerical modeling of perched water under Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-07T01:03:55.084223","indexId":"70021462","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modeling of perched water under Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The presence of perched water near the potential high-level nuclear waste repository area at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, has important implications for waste isolation. Perched water occurs because of sharp contrasts in rock properties, in particular between the strongly fractured repository host rock (the Topopah Spring welded tuff) and the immediately underlying vitrophyric (glassy) subunit, in which fractures are sealed by clays that were formed by alteration of the volcanic glass. The vitrophyre acts as a vertical barrier to unsaturated flow throughout much of the potential repository area. Geochemical analyses (Yang et al. 1996) indicate that perched water is relatively young, perhaps younger than 10,000 years. Given the low permeability of the rock matrix, fractures and perhaps fault zones must play a crucial role in unsaturated flow. The geologic setting of the major perched water bodies under Yucca Mountain suggests that faults commonly form barriers to lateral flow at the level of the repository horizon, but may also form important pathways for vertical infiltration from the repository horizon down to the water table. Using the numerical code UNSAT2, two factors believed to influence the perched water system at Yucca Mountain, climate and fault-zone permeability, are explored. The two-dimensional model predicts that the volume of water held within the perched water system may greatly increase under wetter climatic conditions, and that perched water bodies may drain to the water table along fault zones. Modeling results also show fault flow to be significantly attenuated in the Paintbrush Tuff non-welded hydrogeologic unit.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb01135.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hinds, J., Ge, S., and Fridrich, C.J., 1999, Numerical modeling of perched water under Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Groundwater, v. 37, no. 4, p. 498-504, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb01135.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"498","endPage":"504","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68fbe4b0c8380cd73ad5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinds, J.J.","contributorId":27627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinds","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ge, S.","contributorId":37905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fridrich, C. J.","contributorId":15652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021585,"text":"70021585 - 1999 - Development of San Leandro synform and neotectonics of the San Francisco Bay block, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021585","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of San Leandro synform and neotectonics of the San Francisco Bay block, California","docAbstract":"High-resolution, 24-channel seismic-reflection data show a stratified synform beneath south San Francisco Bay. These seismic-reflection data reveal an eastward-dipping bedrock surface that is about 40 m deep (subbottom) beneath the western south bay, and that reaches a maximum observed depth of 500-800 m (subbottom) below the eastern half of the south bay. An angular unconformity cuts both the synform and underlying bedrock. The age of the unconformity is unknown but may be Pleistocene, when these strata forming the synform were presumably exposed subaerially during lowered sea levels. The synformal strata, the unconformity, and some generally flat-lying and overlying strata are folded near the eastern shore of the bay. This folding may result from movement on the Hayward fault (fault interactions and localized strain partitioning) or from compressional deformation in the East Bay Hills related to NE-SW ('fault-normal') convergence between the Pacific and North American plates. In general, reflections from sediment overlying the unconformity are flat lying (except near the eastern shore of the bay), whereas reflections beneath the unconformity dip eastward. The overlying, flat sediment section fills a shallow basin that is coincident with an elliptical residual gravity low. This low appears to be related to the deeper sedimentary, synformal section based on the spatial correlation between the east-dipping reflections and the gravity anomaly. Projecting the east-dipping reflections to the center of the gravity low suggests that the total section of flat-lying and dipping reflections in the synform may exceed 1000 m. Modeling of the gravity low suggests a total low-density section, about 1.5 km thick, at the center of the synform relative to the surrounding bedrock of presumed Franciscan Complex.High-resolution, 24-channel seismic-reflection data show a stratified synform beneath south San Francisco Bay. These seismic-reflection data reveal an eastward-dipping bedrock surface that is about 40 m deep (subbottom) beneath the western south bay, and that reaches a maximum observed depth of 500-800 m (subbottom) below the eastern half of the south bay. An angular unconformity cuts both the synform and underlying bedrock. The age of the unconformity is unknown but may be Pleistocene, when these strata forming the synform were presumably exposed subaerially during lowered sea levels. The synformal strata, the unconformity, and some generally flat-lying and overlying strata are folded near the eastern shore of the bay. This folding may result from movement on the Hayward fault (fault interactions and localized strain partitioning) or from compressional deformation in the East Bay Hills related to NE-SW (`fault-normal') convergence between the Pacific and North American plates. In general, reflections from sediment overlying the unconformity are flat lying (except near the eastern shore of the bay), whereas reflections beneath the unconformity dip eastward. The overlying, flat sediment section fills a shallow basin that is coincident with an elliptical residual gravity low. This low appears to be related to the deeper sedimentary, synformal section based on the spatial correlation between the east-dipping reflections and the gravity anomaly. Projecting the east-dipping reflections to the center of the gravity low suggests that the total section of flat-lying and dipping reflections in the synform may exceed 1000 m. Modeling of the gravity low suggests a total low-density section, about 1.5 km thick, at the center of the synform relative to the surrounding bedrock of presumed Franciscan Complex.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0264-8172(99)00002-1","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Marlow, M.S., Jachens, R., Hart, P., Carlson, P., Anima, R.J., and Childs, J., 1999, Development of San Leandro synform and neotectonics of the San Francisco Bay block, California: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 16, no. 5, p. 431-442, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(99)00002-1.","startPage":"431","endPage":"442","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206340,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(99)00002-1"},{"id":229472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a002de4b0c8380cd4f61b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marlow, M. S.","contributorId":76743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, P. E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anima, R. J.","contributorId":106115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anima","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Childs, J.R.","contributorId":63011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70021259,"text":"70021259 - 1999 - Water and sediment characteristics associated with avian botulism outbreaks in wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T15:37:26","indexId":"70021259","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water and sediment characteristics associated with avian botulism outbreaks in wetlands","docAbstract":"Avian botulism kills thousands of waterbirds annually throughout North America, but management efforts to reduce its effects have been hindered because environmental conditions that promote outbreaks are poorly understood. We measured sediment and water variables in 32 pairs of wetlands with and without a current outbreak of avian botulism. Wetlands with botulism outbreaks had greater percent organic matter (POM) in the sediment (P = 0.088) and lower redox potential in the water (P = 0.096) than paired control wetlands. We also found that pH, redox potential, temperature, and salinity measured just above the sediment-water interface were associated (P ≤ 0.05) with the risk of botulism outbreaks in wetlands, but relations were complex, involving nonlinear and multivariate associations. Regression models indicated that the risk of botulism outbreaks increased when water pH was between 7.5 and 9.0, redox potential was negative, and water temperature was >20°C. Risk declined when redox potential increased (>100), water temperature decreased (10-15°C), pH was <7.5 or >9.0, or salinity was low (<2.0 ppt). Our predictive models could allow managers to assess potential effects of wetland management practices on the risk of botulism outbreaks and to develop and evaluate alternative management strategies to reduce losses from avian botulism.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802842","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Rocke, T.E., and Samuel, M.D., 1999, Water and sediment characteristics associated with avian botulism outbreaks in wetlands: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 63, no. 4, p. 1249-1260, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802842.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1249","endPage":"1260","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288514,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802842"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.98046874999999,\n              25.64152637306577\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.98046874999999,\n              49.32512199104001\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.748046875,\n              49.32512199104001\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.748046875,\n              25.64152637306577\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.98046874999999,\n              25.64152637306577\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc7a4e4b08c986b32c565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021273,"text":"70021273 - 1999 - Emission of pesticides into the air","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021273","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Emission of pesticides into the air","docAbstract":"During and after the application of a pesticide in agriculture, a substantial fraction of the dosage may enter the atmosphere and be transported over varying distances downwind of the target. The rate and extent of the emission during application, predominantly as spray particle drift, depends primarily on the application method (equipment and technique), the formulation and environmental conditions, whereas the emission after application depends primarily on the properties of the pesticide, soils, crops and environmental conditions. The fraction of the dosage that misses the target area may be high in some cases and more experimental data on this loss term are needed for various application types and weather conditions. Such data are necessary to test spray drift models, and for further model development and verification as well. Following application, the emission of soil fumigants and soil incorporated pesticides into the air can be measured and computed with reasonable accuracy, but further model development is needed to improve the reliability of the model predictions. For soil surface applied pesticides reliable measurement methods are available, but there is not yet a reliable model. Further model development is required which must be verified by field experiments. Few data are available on pesticide volatilization from plants and more field experiments are also needed to study the fate processes on the plants. Once this information is available, a model needs to be developed to predict the volatilization of pesticides from plants, which, again, should be verified with field measurements. For regional emission estimates, a link between data on the temporal and spatial pesticide use and a geographical information system for crops and soils with their characteristics is needed.","largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1023/A:1005234329622","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Van Den, B.F., Kubiak, R., Benjey, W., Majewski, M., Yates, S., Reeves, G., Smelt, J., and Van Der Linden, A.M., 1999, Emission of pesticides into the air, <i>in</i> Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 115, no. 1-4, p. 195-218, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005234329622.","startPage":"195","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":499908,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/emission-of-pesticides-into-the-air","text":"External Repository"},{"id":229745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206433,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005234329622"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08fbe4b0c8380cd51d3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Den, Berg F. F.","contributorId":74156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den","given":"Berg","suffix":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubiak, R.","contributorId":60802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubiak","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benjey, W.G.","contributorId":68059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjey","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Majewski, M.S.","contributorId":88501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yates, S.R.","contributorId":6614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reeves, G.L.","contributorId":58040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smelt, J.H.","contributorId":31545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smelt","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Van Der Linden, A. M. A.","contributorId":38308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Der Linden","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70021299,"text":"70021299 - 1999 - Predicting boundary shear stress and sediment transport over bed forms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70021299","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting boundary shear stress and sediment transport over bed forms","docAbstract":"To estimate bed-load sediment transport rates in flows over bed forms such as ripples and dunes, spatially averaged velocity profiles are frequently used to predict mean boundary shear stress. However, such averaging obscures the complex, nonlinear interaction of wake decay, boundary-layer development, and topographically induced acceleration downstream of flow separation and often leads to inaccurate estimates of boundary stress, particularly skin friction, which is critically important in predicting bed-load transport rates. This paper presents an alternative methodology for predicting skin friction over 2D bed forms. The approach is based on combining the equations describing the mechanics of the internal boundary layer with semiempirical structure functions to predict the velocity at the crest of a bedform, where the flow is most similar to a uniform boundary layer. Significantly, the methodology is directed toward making specific predictions only at the bed-form crest, and as a result it avoids the difficulty and questionable validity of spatial averaging. The model provides an accurate estimate of the skin friction at the crest where transport rates are highest. Simple geometric constraints can be used to derive the mean transport rates as long as bed load is dominant.To estimate bed-load sediment transport rates in flows over bed forms such as ripples and dunes, spatially averaged velocity profiles are frequently used to predict mean boundary shear stress. However, such averaging obscures the complex, nonlinear interaction of wake decay, boundary-layer development, and topographically induced acceleration downstream of flow separation and often leads to inaccurate estimates of boundary stress, particularly skin friction, which is critically important in predicting bed-load transport rates. This paper presents an alternative methodology for predicting skin friction over 2D bed forms. The approach is based on combining the equations describing the mechanics of the internal boundary layer with semiempirical structure functions to predict the velocity at the crest of a bedform, where the flow is most similar to a uniform boundary layer. Significantly, the methodology is directed toward making specific predictions only at the bed-form crest, and as a result it avoids the difficulty and questionable validity of spatial averaging. The model provides an accurate estimate of the skin friction at the crest where transport rates are highest. Simple geometric constraints can be used to derive the mean transport rates as long as bed load is dominant.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:7(725)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"McLean, S., Wolfe, S., and Nelson, J.M., 1999, Predicting boundary shear stress and sediment transport over bed forms: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 125, no. 7, p. 725-736, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:7(725).","startPage":"725","endPage":"736","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206550,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:7(725)"}],"volume":"125","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81a8e4b0c8380cd7b661","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLean, S.R.","contributorId":84937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"S.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, S.R.","contributorId":49548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000495,"text":"1000495 - 1999 - Xenobiotic-induced apoptosis: significance and potential application as a general biomarker of response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T11:45:59","indexId":"1000495","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1034,"text":"Biomarkers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Xenobiotic-induced apoptosis: significance and potential application as a general biomarker of response","docAbstract":"<p>The process of apoptosis, often coined programmed cell death, involves cell injury induced by a variety of stimuli including xenobiotics and is morphologically, biochemically, and physiologically distinct from necrosis. Apoptotic death is characterized by cellular changes such as cytoplasm shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and plasma membrane asymmetry. This form of cell suicide is appealing as a general biomarker of response in that it is expressed in multiple cell systems (e.g. immune, neuronal, hepatal, intestinal, dermal, reproductive), is conserved phylogenetically (e.g. fish, rodents, birds, sheep, amphibians, roundworms, plants, humans), is modulated by environmentally relevant levels of chemical contaminants, and indicates a state of stress of the organism. Further, apoptosis is useful as a biomarker as it serves as a molecular control point and hence may provide mechanistic information on xenobiotic stress. Studies reviewed here suggest that apoptosis is a sensitive and early indicator of acute and chronic chemical stress, loss of cellular function and structure, and organismal health. Examples are provided of the application of this methodology in studies of health of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the Laurentian Great Lakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/135475099230778","usgsCitation":"Sweet, L.I., Passino-Reader, D.R., Meier, P.G., and Omann, G.M., 1999, Xenobiotic-induced apoptosis: significance and potential application as a general biomarker of response: Biomarkers, v. 4, no. 4, p. 237-253, https://doi.org/10.1080/135475099230778.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"253","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb53a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweet, Leonard I.","contributorId":107227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweet","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Passino-Reader, Dora R.","contributorId":50839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino-Reader","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, Peter G.","contributorId":90257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Omann, Geneva M.","contributorId":64595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omann","given":"Geneva","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021541,"text":"70021541 - 1999 - Relationships between peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and Modified Mercalli Intensity in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T00:42:31.298308","indexId":"70021541","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and Modified Mercalli Intensity in California","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have developed regression relationships between Modified Mercalli Intensity (</span><i>I<sub><span data-style=\"small-caps\">mm</span></sub></i><span>) and peak ground acceleration (PGA) and velocity (PGV) by comparing horizontal peak ground motions to observed intensities for eight significant California earthquakes. For the limited range of Modified Mercalli intensities (</span><i>I<sub><span data-style=\"small-caps\">mm</span></sub></i><span>), we find that for peak acceleration with V ≤&nbsp;</span><i>I<sub><span data-style=\"small-caps\">mm</span></sub></i><span>&nbsp;≤ VIII,&nbsp;</span><i>I<sub><span data-style=\"small-caps\">mm</span></sub></i><span>&nbsp;= 3.66&nbsp;</span><i>log</i><span>(</span><i>PGA</i><span>) − 1.66, and for peak velocity with V ≤&nbsp;</span><i>I<sub><span data-style=\"small-caps\">mm</span></sub></i><span>&nbsp;≤ IX,&nbsp;</span><i>I<sub><span data-style=\"small-caps\">mm</span></sub></i><span>&nbsp;= 3.47&nbsp;</span><i>log</i><span>(</span><i>PGV</i><span>) + 2.35. From comparison with observed intensity maps, we find that a combined regression based on peak velocity for intensity &gt; VII and on peak acceleration for intensity &lt; VII is most suitable for reproducing observed&nbsp;</span><i>I<sub><span data-style=\"small-caps\">mm</span></sub></i><span>&nbsp;patterns, consistent with high intensities being related to damage (proportional to ground velocity) and with lower intensities determined by felt accounts (most sensitive to higher-frequency ground acceleration). These new&nbsp;</span><i>I<sub><span data-style=\"small-caps\">mm</span></sub></i><span>&nbsp;relationships are significantly different from the Trifunac and Brady (1975) correlations, which have been used extensively in loss estimation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Publications","doi":"10.1193/1.1586058","usgsCitation":"Wald, D.J., Quitoriano, V., Heaton, T.H., and Kanamori, H., 1999, Relationships between peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and Modified Mercalli Intensity in California: Earthquake Spectra, v. 15, no. 3, p. 557-564, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586058.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"564","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.377879,37.830648],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.147647,34.024831],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.115058,34.019866],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.575636,33.996009],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.825865,34.059794],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.403613,34.050442],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.346946,34.046576],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.57516,33.033961],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.559171,33.006291],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.379968,32.824545],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.382037,33.409883],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.520465,33.827778],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.236239,32.671353],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691984,33.456627],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.000593,33.654319],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.004644,34.066231],[-119.037494,34.083111],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.337475,34.290576],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.638864,34.415696],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.835771,34.415796],[-119.853771,34.407996],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.038828,34.463434],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60197,34.692095],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.616325,34.866739],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.662475,35.153357],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.754823,35.174701],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.778998,35.168897],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.472435,35.91989],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.797059,36.234211],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.807062,36.714157],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.155078,36.98085],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.423286,37.392542],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.519533,37.537302],[-122.513688,37.552239],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.145378,37.600846],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.253753,37.761218],[-122.293996,37.770416],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.33555,37.799538],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.35711,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.415361,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.452995,37.996167],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.48572,37.937589],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.471975,37.910427],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.458558,37.894064],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.856573,38.016717],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-122.986319,38.273164],[-123.002911,38.295708],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.398166,38.647044],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.579856,38.802835],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.721505,39.125327],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.765891,39.193657],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.320912,40.226617],[-124.327691,40.23737],[-124.34307,40.243979],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.362796,40.350046],[-124.365357,40.374855],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.383224,40.499852],[-124.387023,40.504954],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.154513,41.087159],[-124.160556,41.099011],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.149674,41.140845],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a7ace4b0e8fec6cdc53e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quitoriano, Vincent 0000-0003-4157-1101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-1101","contributorId":317884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quitoriano","given":"Vincent","affiliations":[{"id":69179,"text":"under contract to U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heaton, Thomas H.","contributorId":187505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kanamori, Hiroo","contributorId":106120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"Hiroo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020940,"text":"70020940 - 1999 - Nearshore versus offshore copper loading in Lake Superior sediments: Implications for transport and cycling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T11:20:19.729633","indexId":"70020940","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nearshore versus offshore copper loading in Lake Superior sediments: Implications for transport and cycling","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id6\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id7\"><p>A thorough understanding of the fate and transport of metals in Lake Superior is necessary in order to predict the ability of Lake Superior to recover from anthropogenic perturbations (copper mining). Sediment cores were collected from nearshore and offshore sites in Lake Superior and used to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in copper loading associated with mining-related activities. Although both settings have been strongly affected by anthropogenic releases of copper, copper concentrations in nearshore cores are significantly greater than those found in offshore cores, implying that nearshore copper loading is dominated by simple deposition and burial of sediment generated from mining activities. Temporal variations in copper profiles in sediments from nearshore environments closelymimic copper production rates. Conversely, copper loading histories derived from offshore sediments are not well correlated to production rates. The offshore sediment cores, when compared with analogous cores from Lakes Ontario and Michigan, show that the average, lake-wide intensity of copper loading in Lake Superior is comparable to the other two lakes, despite the fact that Lake Superior has received the largest total burden of anthropogenic copper. Cu/Zn ratios, used to evaluate the amount of copper loading derived from mining discharges, vary strongly in nearshore environments in response to loading. Cu/Zn ratios in offshore sediments are much less variable, implying that copper loading may be regulated by additional mechanisms (solution chemistry and/or biologic uptake). Study of trace metal partitioning within Lake Superior sediments indicates that the organic fraction of the sediment contains the majority of the copper. Copper concentrations in offshore sediments are significantly correlated to organic carbon content of the sediment whereas copper concentrations in nearshore sediments are not. These findings support the model that transport and deposition of particles released from mining discharges dominate copper loading in nearshore sediments, whereas biologic uptake and settling of particulate organic matter may regulate copper loading in offshore sediments.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(99)70766-5","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Kolak, J., Long, D., Kerfoot, W., Beals, T., and Eisenreich, S.J., 1999, Nearshore versus offshore copper loading in Lake Superior sediments: Implications for transport and cycling: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 25, no. 4, p. 611-624, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(99)70766-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"624","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230042,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a641ee4b0c8380cd728b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolak, J.J.","contributorId":46246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolak","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, D.T.","contributorId":67930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kerfoot, W.C.","contributorId":24122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerfoot","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beals, T.M.","contributorId":92009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beals","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eisenreich, Steven J.","contributorId":66001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eisenreich","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":388045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020975,"text":"70020975 - 1999 - General-circulation-model simulations of future snowpack in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70020975","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"General-circulation-model simulations of future snowpack in the western United States","docAbstract":"April 1 snowpack accumulations measured at 311 snow courses in the western United States (U.S.) are grouped using a correlation-based cluster analysis. A conceptual snow accumulation and melt model and monthly temperature and precipitation for each cluster are used to estimate cluster-average April 1 snowpack. The conceptual snow model is subsequently used to estimate future snowpack by using changes in monthly temperature and precipitation simulated by the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis (CCC) and the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research (HADLEY) general circulation models (GCMs). Results for the CCC model indicate that although winter precipitation is estimated to increase in the future, increases in temperatures will result in large decreases in April 1 snowpack for the entire western US. Results for the HADLEY model also indicate large decreases in April 1 snowpack for most of the western US, but the decreases are not as severe as those estimated using the CCC simulations. Although snowpack conditions are estimated to decrease for most areas of the western US, both GCMs estimate a general increase in winter precipitation toward the latter half of the next century. Thus, water quantity may be increased in the western US; however, the timing of runoff will be altered because precipitation will more frequently occur as rain rather than as snow.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Assoc","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA, United States","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D., 1999, General-circulation-model simulations of future snowpack in the western United States, <i>in</i> Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1473-1484.","startPage":"1473","endPage":"1484","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1513e4b0c8380cd54ca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021482,"text":"70021482 - 1999 - Gravel sediment routing from widespread, low-intensity landscape disturbance, Current River basin, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T16:28:18","indexId":"70021482","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravel sediment routing from widespread, low-intensity landscape disturbance, Current River basin, Missouri","docAbstract":"<p><span>During the last 160 years, land-use changes in the Ozarks have had the potential to cause widespread, low-intensity delivery of excess amounts of gravel-sized sediment to stream channels. Previous studies have indicated that this excess gravel bedload is moving in wave-like forms through Ozarks drainage basins. The longitudinal, areal distribution of gravel bars along 160 km of the Current River, Missouri, was evaluated to determine the relative effects of valley-scale controls, tributary basin characteristics, and lagged sediment transport in creating areas of gravel accumulations. The longitudinal distribution of gravel-bar area shows a broad scale wave-like form with increases in gravel-bar area weakly associated with tributary junctions. Secondary peaks of gravel area with 1·8–4·1 km spacing (disturbance reaches) are superimposed on the broad form. Variations in valley width explain some, but not all, of the short-spacing variation in gravel-bar area. Among variables describing tributary drainage basin morphometry, present-day land use and geologic characteristics, only drainage area and road density relate even weakly to gravel-bar areal inventories. A simple, channel network-based sediment routing model shows that many of the features of the observed longitudinal gravel distribution can be replicated by uniform transport of sediment from widespread disturbances through a channel network. These results indicate that lagged sediment transport may have a dominant effect on the synoptic spatial distribution of gravel in Ozarks streams; present-day land uses are only weakly associated with present-day gravel inventories; and valley-scale characteristics have secondary controls on gravel accumulations in disturbance reaches.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199909)24:10<897::AID-ESP18>3.0.CO;2-6","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., and Gran, K., 1999, Gravel sediment routing from widespread, low-intensity landscape disturbance, Current River basin, Missouri: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 24, no. 10, p. 897-917, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199909)24:10<897::AID-ESP18>3.0.CO;2-6.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"897","endPage":"917","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206390,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199909)24:10<897::AID-ESP18>3.0.CO;2-6"}],"volume":"24","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29eee4b0c8380cd5ad6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gran, K.B.","contributorId":44688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gran","given":"K.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021922,"text":"70021922 - 1999 - Trees, chemistry, and prehistory in the American Southwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T12:52:26","indexId":"70021922","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trees, chemistry, and prehistory in the American Southwest","docAbstract":"At least 200 000 trees were used in the building construction in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, from about (AD) 850-1150. A large portion of these construction timbers were transported 50 km or more and the harvesting location(s) is not known. We argue that a feasible method for determining the wood source areas is to chemically characterize the possible source areas using modern wood and then attempt to match the prehistoric timbers to the modern signatures. This paper establishes the feasibility of this method. ICP-AES was employed to obtain element concentration values for 29 elements, from 62 trees, on three bedrock types. We conclude that it is possible to isolate the variation due to lithology if one controls for wood type (bark, sapwood, heartwood). In addition, ICP-MS was used for the analysis of a small sample of ancient wood. Data from these determinations are presented and the results indicate that the elemental variation is consistent with the most current model of wood use practices in Chaco Canyon. The methods pioneered here should be broadly applicable for determining wood source areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jasc.1998.0315","issn":"03054403","usgsCitation":"Durand, S., Shelley, P., Antweiler, R.C., and Taylor, H.E., 1999, Trees, chemistry, and prehistory in the American Southwest: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 26, no. 2, p. 185-203, https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1998.0315.","startPage":"185","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206319,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1998.0315"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7aae4b08c986b3273f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durand, S.R.","contributorId":87315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durand","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelley, P.H.","contributorId":75291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelley","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021038,"text":"70021038 - 1999 - Deformation across the Alaska-Aleutian Subduction Zone near Kodiak","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T00:12:53.23987","indexId":"70021038","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation across the Alaska-Aleutian Subduction Zone near Kodiak","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The Kodiak-Katmai geodetic array, nine monuments distributed along a profile trending north-northwestward across Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula, was surveyed in 1993, 1995 and 1997 to determine the deformation at the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone. Velocities on Kodiak island measured relative to the stable North American plate decrease with distance from the Alaska-Aleutian trench (distance range 106 to 250 km), whereas no appreciable deformation was measured on the Alaska Peninsula (distances 250 to 370 km from the trench). The measured deformation is reasonably well predicted by the conventional dislocation representation of subduction with the model parameters determined independently (i.e., not simply by fitting the observations). The deformation of Kodiak Island is in striking contrast to the very minor deformation measured in the similarly situated Shumagin Islands, 450 km southwest of Kodiak along the Alaska-Aleutian trench.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999GL900471","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., Svarc, J.L., and Prescott, W., 1999, Deformation across the Alaska-Aleutian Subduction Zone near Kodiak: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 26, no. 14, p. 2117-2120, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900471.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2117","endPage":"2120","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489119,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl900471","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230246,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe40e4b0c8380cd4ec05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Svarc, J. L.","contributorId":75995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70174782,"text":"70174782 - 1999 - Decision analysis tools: use of the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model: Chapter 9","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T12:07:50","indexId":"70174782","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Decision analysis tools: use of the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model: Chapter 9","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of global environmental policy and administration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Marcel Dekker","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","isbn":"978-0824719890","usgsCitation":"Lamb, B.L., Burkardt, N., and Lybecker, D., 1999, Decision analysis tools: use of the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model: Chapter 9, chap. <i>of</i> Handbook of global environmental policy and administration, p. 175-194.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"194","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a092ee4b0c1aacab7d3f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, B. L.","contributorId":9187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, N.","contributorId":13913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lybecker, D.","contributorId":48917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lybecker","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021052,"text":"70021052 - 1999 - Integration of high-resolution seismic and aeromagnetic data for earthquake hazards evaluations: An example from the Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T23:20:30.198066","indexId":"70021052","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of high-resolution seismic and aeromagnetic data for earthquake hazards evaluations: An example from the Willamette Valley, Oregon","docAbstract":"<div id=\"130407143\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Aeromagnetic and high-resolution seismic reflection data were integrated to place constraints on the history of seismic activity and to determine the continuity of the possibly active, yet largely concealed Mount Angel fault in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Recent seismic activity possibly related to the 20-km-long fault includes a swarm of small earthquakes near Woodburn in 1990 and the magnitude 5.6 Scotts Mills earthquake in 1993. Newly acquired aeromagnetic data show several large northwest-trending anomalies, including one associated with the Mount Angel fault. The magnetic signature indicates that the fault may actually extend 70 km across the Willamette Valley to join the Newberg and Gales Creek faults in the Oregon Coast Range. We collected 24-fold high-resolution seismic reflection data along two transects near Woodburn, Oregon, to image the offset of the Miocene-age Columbia River Basalts (<span class=\"small-caps\">CRB</span>) and overlying sediments at and northwest of the known mapped extent of the Mount Angel fault. The seismic data show a 100-200-m offset in the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">CRB</span><span>&nbsp;</span>reflector at depths from 300 to 700 m. Folded or offset sediments appear above the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">CRB</span><span>&nbsp;</span>with decreasing amplitude to depths as shallow as were imaged (approximately 40 m). Modeling experiments based on the magnetic data indicate, however, that the anomaly associated with the Mount Angel fault is not caused solely by an offset of the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">CRB</span><span>&nbsp;</span>and overlying sediments. Underlying magnetic sources, which we presume to be volcanic rocks of the Siletz terrane, must have vertical offsets of at least 500 m to fit the observed data. We conclude that the Mount Angel fault appears to have been active since Eocene age and that the Gales Creek, Newberg, and Mount Angel faults should be considered a single potentially active fault system. This fault, as well as other parallel northwest-trending faults in the Willamette Valley, should be considered as risks for future potentially damaging earthquakes.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0890061473","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Liberty, L., Trehu, A., Blakely, R., and Dougherty, M., 1999, Integration of high-resolution seismic and aeromagnetic data for earthquake hazards evaluations: An example from the Willamette Valley, Oregon: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 89, no. 6, p. 1473-1483, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0890061473.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1473","endPage":"1483","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229888,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.6352827191678,\n              45.86261625057068\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.6352827191678,\n              43.85369240439792\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02029248479278,\n              43.85369240439792\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02029248479278,\n              45.86261625057068\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.6352827191678,\n              45.86261625057068\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c8be4b0c8380cd62e16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liberty, L.M.","contributorId":58749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liberty","given":"L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dougherty, M.E.","contributorId":58042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dougherty","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021053,"text":"70021053 - 1999 - Chronologic model and transgressive-regressive signatures in the late neocene siliciclastic foundation (long key formation) of the Florida keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T00:09:10.149","indexId":"70021053","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronologic model and transgressive-regressive signatures in the late neocene siliciclastic foundation (long key formation) of the Florida keys","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12461722\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Recent drilling of continuous cores in southernmost Florida has documented a thick unit of upper Neogene siliciclastics subjacent to surficial shallow-water Quaternary carbonates exposed on islands of the Florida Keys. The siliciclastics comprise the Long Key Formation and were identified in two cores collected from the middle and upper Florida Keys. A chronologic model based on new planktic foraminiferal biochronology and strontium-isotope chronology suggests the timing of siliciclastic deposition and provides a basis for regional correlation. The chronologic model, supplemented by vertical trends in quartz grain size, pattern of planktic menardiiform coiling direction, and paleoenvironmental interpretations of benthic foraminiferal assemblages, shows that the Long Key Formation contains three intervals (I-III) of varying thickness, grain-size composition, and paleowater depth. Interval I is uppermost Miocene. The quartz grains in Interval I fine upward from basal very coarse sand to fine and very fine sand. Benthic foraminifera indicate an upward shift from an outer-shelf to inner-shelf depositional environment. Interval II, deposited during the late early to early late Pliocene, contains reworked upper Miocene siliciclastics and faunas. In the upper Keys, quartz grains in Interval II range from very coarse sand that fines upward to very fine sand and then coarsens to very coarse and medium sand. In situ benthic faunas indicate an upward shift from outer-shelf to inner-shelf deposition. In the middle Keys, Interval II is different, with the quartz grains ranging primarily from medium to very fine sand. In situ benthic taxa indicate deposition on an inner shelf. In both the middle and upper Keys, the upper Pliocene siliciclastics of Interval III contain quartz grains ranging from very coarse to very fine sands that were deposited on an inner shelf. A sequence boundary between Interval I and Interval II is suggested by; an abrupt shift in the strontium-isotope chemostratigraphy; coarsening in quartz grain size above the boundary; an abrupt landward shift in depositional facies in the upper Keys core; and a distinct variation in the predominant coiling direction of the menardiiform planktic foraminifera, from fluctuating dextral-sinistral to dextral in the upper Keys core. Successive siliciclastic infilling, likely associated with eustatic sea-level change and current redeposition, formed a foundation for subsequent carbonate deposition. Deep-sea biostratigraphic techniques, integrated with ages derived from strontium-isotope chemostratigraphy, can be successfully applied to coastal-margin sequences, even though a depauperate suite of faunal markers is common.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/jsr.69.653","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Guertin, L., and McNeill, D., 1999, Chronologic model and transgressive-regressive signatures in the late neocene siliciclastic foundation (long key formation) of the Florida keys: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 69, no. 3, p. 653-666, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.69.653.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"653","endPage":"666","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5f2e4b0c8380cd4c4e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guertin, L.A.","contributorId":47937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertin","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNeill, D.F.","contributorId":68901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeill","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}