Statistical analyses were made of selected water-quality properties and constituents for Lake Travis, northwest of Austin in central Texas. Objectives for the evaluation were: (1) to provide information on levels of selected water-quality properties or constituents to use as reference values for assessing the future effectiveness of the Lake Travis Nonpoint-Source Control ordinance of the Lower Colorado River Authority; and (2) to determine whether water-quality constituents at any of the sampling sites are statistically redundant with other sites and, thus, can be discontinued without loss of information. The data were grouped into two periods—the thermally stratified period (May through November) and the mixed period (December through April).
\nLake Travis is a biologically unproductive reservoir with acceptable water quality for virtually all current water uses. Nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus) concentrations tend to be small in the reservoir throughout the year, indicating nutrient limitation of maximum phytoplankton biomass. On the basis of traditional limnological properties, Lake Travis exhibits small biological productivity and exceptional water transparency. However, dissolved oxygen concentrations for bottom samples often decrease to less than 5 milligrams per liter throughout the reservoir, especially during the thermally stratified period.
\nStatistical comparisons were made between data collected at the surface and at the bottom at each sampling site to determine statistical similarities. The available data were insufficient to perform the comparisons for nitrite nitrogen and dissolved orthophosphate phosphorus. In addition, no bottom data were available at the most upstream site because the shallow bottom was commonly above the thermocline.
\nThe multiple-comparison tests indicate that, for some constituents, a single sampling site for a constituent or property might adequately characterize the water quality of Lake Travis for that constituent or property. However, multiple sampling sites are required to provide information of sufficient temporal and spatial resolution to accurately evaluate other water-quality constituents for the reservoir. For example, the water-quality data from surface samples and from bottom samples indicate that nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) might require additional sampling sites for a more accurate characterization of their in-lake dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri974257","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Colorado River Authority","usgsCitation":"Rast, W., and Slade, R.M., 1998, Evaluation of water-quality data and monitoring program for Lake Travis, near Austin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4257, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974257.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_97_4257.jpg"},{"id":2263,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri97-4257/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lake Travis","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9edf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rast, Walter","contributorId":79514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rast","given":"Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slade, Raymond M. Jr.","contributorId":46487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Raymond","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015832,"text":"1015832 - 1998 - Long-term hydrologic effects on marsh plant community structure in the southern Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-27T16:01:30.462619","indexId":"1015832","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term hydrologic effects on marsh plant community structure in the southern Everglades","docAbstract":"Although large-scale transformation of Everglades landscapes has occurred during the past century, the patterns of association among hydrologic factors and southern Everglades freshwater marsh vegetation have not been well-defined. We used a 10-year data base on the aquatic biota of Shark Slough to classify vegetation and describe plant community change in intermediate- to long-hydroperiod Everglades marshes. Study area marsh vegetation was quantitatively grouped into associations dominated by 1) Cladium jamaicense, 2) a group of emergents includingEleocharis cellulosa, Sagittaria lancifolia, and Rhyncospora tracyi, 3) taxa associated with algal mats (Utricularia spp. and Bacopa caroliniana), and 4) the grasses Panicum hemitomon and Paspalidium geminatum. During the decade evaluated, the range of water depths that characterized our study sites approached both extremes depicted in the 40-year hydrologic record for the region. Water depths were near the long-term average during the mid-1980s, declined sharply during a late 1980s drought, and underwent a prolonged increase from 1991 through 1995. Overall macrophyte cover varied inversely with water depth, while the response of periphyton was more complex. An ordination analysis, based on plant species abundance, revealed that study area vegetation structure was associated with hydrologic patterns. Marsh plant community structure showed evidence of cyclic interannual variation corresponding to hydrologic change over the decade evaluated. Lower water depths, the occurrence of marl substrates, and high periphyton cover were correlated. These factors contributed to reduced macrophyte cover in portions of the study area from which water had been diverted.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF03161658","usgsCitation":"Busch, D.E., Loftus, W., and Bass, O.L., 1998, Long-term hydrologic effects on marsh plant community structure in the southern Everglades: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 2, p. 230-241, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161658.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"241","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades, Shark Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.0326045424484,\n 25.704998787208552\n ],\n [\n -81.0326045424484,\n 25.457292694473253\n ],\n [\n -80.66232127859823,\n 25.457292694473253\n ],\n [\n -80.66232127859823,\n 25.704998787208552\n ],\n [\n -81.0326045424484,\n 25.704998787208552\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63ee83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busch, David E. dave_busch@usgs.gov","contributorId":3392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"David","email":"dave_busch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bass, O. L. Jr.","contributorId":31721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bass","given":"O.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24630,"text":"ofr97582 - 1998 - Rainfall in and near Du Page County, Illinois, October 1991-September 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"ofr97582","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-582","title":"Rainfall in and near Du Page County, Illinois, October 1991-September 1995","docAbstract":"Twenty-four hour rainfall data are presented for 11 rain gages in and near Du Page County, Illinois. Daily rainfall totals were recorded from October 1, 1991, to September 30, 1995. Station descriptions include site identifiers, locations, drainage basins, types of instrumentation, accuracy, and periods of record. Missing and partial rainfall data, and precipitation totals affected by snowfall have been noted for the periods of record.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97582","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Straub, T.D., Hornewer, N., and Duncker, J., 1998, Rainfall in and near Du Page County, Illinois, October 1991-September 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-582, iv, 72 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97582.","productDescription":"iv, 72 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0582/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53672,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0582/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db6860b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Straub, T. D.","contributorId":88775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornewer, Nancy J.","contributorId":57895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornewer","given":"Nancy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duncker, James J.","contributorId":62620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncker","given":"James J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23598,"text":"ofr9878 - 1998 - Rainfall and water-level data for a wetland area near Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, October 1996 through September 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr9878","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-78","title":"Rainfall and water-level data for a wetland area near Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, October 1996 through September 1997","docAbstract":"Rainfall amounts and water levels at a degraded wetland area near Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, were collected to assist the Tennessee Department of Transportation with a program designed to restore the wetland to a more natural condition. The site is located along a channelized reach of Big Creek Drainage Canal, east of State Route 240, and near the southeastern boundary of the Naval Support Activity Memphis, Millington. Rainfall amounts were recorded at 5-minute intervals using a tipping-bucket rain gage from October 1, 1996 through September 30, 1997. Total rainfall for this period was 70.16 inches. In general, water levels at the wetland were above or near the ground surface during the 6-month period from the first of January through June 1997. For the remainder of the year, water levels generally subsided to several feet below land surface. However, some locations within the wetland were wet or highly saturated year round.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9878","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., 1998, Rainfall and water-level data for a wetland area near Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, October 1996 through September 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-78, iii, 26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9878.","productDescription":"iii, 26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1647,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr98-078","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0078/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52884,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0078/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, R.R.","contributorId":59063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020105,"text":"70020105 - 1998 - Concentration data and dimensionality in groundwater models: Evaluation using inverse modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T13:24:36.30538","indexId":"70020105","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2880,"text":"Nordic Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentration data and dimensionality in groundwater models: Evaluation using inverse modelling","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional inverse groundwater flow and transport model that fits hydraulic-head and concentration data simultaneously using nonlinear regression is presented and applied to a layered sand and silt groundwater system beneath the Grindsted Landfill in Denmark. The aquifer is composed of rather homogeneous hydrogeologic layers. Two issues common to groundwater flow and transport modelling are investigated: 1) The accuracy of simulated concentrations in the case of calibration with head data alone; and 2) The advantages and disadvantages of using a two-dimensional cross-sectional model instead of a three-dimensional model to simulate contaminant transport when the source is at the land surface. Results show that using only hydraulic heads in the nonlinear regression produces a simulated plume that is profoundly different from what is obtained in a calibration using both hydraulic-head and concentration data. The present study provides a well-documented example of the differences that can occur. Representing the system as a two-dimensional cross-section obviously omits some of the system dynamics. It was, however, possible to obtain a simulated plume cross-section that matched the actual plume cross-section well. The two-dimensional model execution times were about a seventh of those for the three-dimensional model, but some difficulties were encountered in representing the spatially variable source concentrations and less precise simulated concentrations were calculated by the two-dimensional model compared to the three-dimensional model. Summed up, the present study indicates that three dimensional modelling using both hydraulic heads and concentrations in the calibration should be preferred in the considered type of transport studies.","language":"English","publisher":"IWA Publishing","doi":"10.2166/nh.1998.0009","issn":"00291277","usgsCitation":"Barlebo, H., Hill, M.C., Rosbjerg, D., and Jensen, K., 1998, Concentration data and dimensionality in groundwater models: Evaluation using inverse modelling: Nordic Hydrology, v. 29, no. 3, p. 149-178, https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.1998.0009.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490142,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.1998.0009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Denmark","otherGeospatial":"Grindsted Landfill","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 7.566660766227386,\n 58.07417121924817\n ],\n [\n 7.566660766227386,\n 54.87182931731596\n ],\n [\n 11.994386894896707,\n 54.87182931731596\n ],\n [\n 11.994386894896707,\n 58.07417121924817\n ],\n [\n 7.566660766227386,\n 58.07417121924817\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f97ce4b0c8380cd4d623","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlebo, H.C.","contributorId":90484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlebo","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosbjerg, D.","contributorId":108266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosbjerg","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jensen, K.H.","contributorId":75710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4799,"text":"pp1552C - 1998 - Chapter C. The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Building Structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:40:59","indexId":"pp1552C","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1552","chapter":"C","title":"Chapter C. The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Building Structures","docAbstract":"Several approaches are used to assess the performance of the built environment following an earthquake -- preliminary damage surveys conducted by professionals, detailed studies of individual structures, and statistical analyses of groups of structures. Reports of damage that are issued by many organizations immediately following an earthquake play a key role in directing subsequent detailed investigations.\r\n\r\nDetailed studies of individual structures and statistical analyses of groups of structures may be motivated by particularly good or bad performance during an earthquake. Beyond this, practicing engineers typically perform stress analyses to assess the performance of a particular structure to vibrational levels experienced during an earthquake. The levels may be determined from recorded or estimated ground motions; actual levels usually differ from design levels. If a structure has seismic instrumentation to record response data, the estimated and recorded response and behavior of the structure can be compared. ","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989: Performance of the Built Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/pp1552C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 1998, Chapter C. The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Building Structures: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1552, p. C1-C186, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1552C.","productDescription":"p. C1-C186","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1552/pp1552c/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1552_c.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":3205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":149782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21908,"text":"ofr98102 - 1998 - Land status and federal mineral ownership in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana; a digital data set for geographic information systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:23:05","indexId":"ofr98102","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-102","title":"Land status and federal mineral ownership in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana; a digital data set for geographic information systems","docAbstract":"As the Nation's energy resources continue to be examined for development, it is critical that a digital database exist that contains location data for all Federal land and mineral resources. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), is collecting these ownership files and compiling them in Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) ARC/INFO coverages, to form a standardized data library. A coverage is a digital version of a map in the form of vector data storage. These coverages are combined with models of coal deposits from the USGS National Coal Resource Assessment project, a five-year effort to identify and characterize the coal beds and coal zones that will provide fuel for the Nation’s energy needs during the first quarter of the twenty-first century. Geographic and geologic data layers are integrated in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to answer complex geo-spatial questions concerning coal resource occurrence.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98102","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Biewick, L., Urbanowski, S.R., Cain, S., and Neasloney, L., 1998, Land status and federal mineral ownership in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana; a digital data set for geographic information systems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-102, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98102.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51392,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0102/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1267,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0102/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b4172","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biewick, Laura","contributorId":83148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biewick","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Urbanowski, Shayne R.","contributorId":7315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbanowski","given":"Shayne","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cain, Sheila","contributorId":42989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Sheila","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neasloney, Larry","contributorId":75565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neasloney","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":24010,"text":"ofr984 - 1998 - Surface-water quality data, Permanente and Saratoga Creeks, Santa Clara Valley, California, water year 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-03T16:14:22","indexId":"ofr984","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4","title":"Surface-water quality data, Permanente and Saratoga Creeks, Santa Clara Valley, California, water year 1997","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/ofr984","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Myhre, S., and Bencala, K., 1998, Surface-water quality data, Permanente and Saratoga Creeks, Santa Clara Valley, California, water year 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-4, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr984.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":19490,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0004/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3712158203125,\n 37.04202441635081\n ],\n [\n -121.19018554687499,\n 37.04202441635081\n ],\n [\n -121.19018554687499,\n 37.51844023887861\n ],\n [\n -122.3712158203125,\n 37.51844023887861\n ],\n [\n -122.3712158203125,\n 37.04202441635081\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myhre, S.H.","contributorId":14015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myhre","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23416,"text":"ofr9866 - 1998 - Water-quality data for the Rio Grande between Picacho Bridge near Las Cruces and Calle del Norte Bridge near Mesilla, New Mexico, 1996-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:19","indexId":"ofr9866","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-66","title":"Water-quality data for the Rio Grande between Picacho Bridge near Las Cruces and Calle del Norte Bridge near Mesilla, New Mexico, 1996-97","docAbstract":"The City of Las Cruces is concerned about water quality in a reach \r\nof the Rio Grande that receives outfall from the City of Las Cruces \r\nwastewater-treatment plant. Water-quality samples were collected from \r\nthe Rio Grande at Picacho Bridge near Las Cruces, New Mexico; from the \r\nsampling site at the City of Las Cruces wastewater-treatment plant; and \r\nfrom the Rio Grande at Calle del Norte Bridge near Mesilla, New Mexico. \r\nThe samples were collected on 12 days from August 6, 1996, to February \r\n28, 1997, and were analyzed for a suite of dissolved and total constituents \r\nincluding trace metals. Instantaneous stream discharge was measured \r\nconcurrently with collection of the Rio Grande samples. At the wastewater- \r\ntreatment plant, the City of Las Cruces provided instantaneous discharge \r\nrates concurrent with sampling. Quality-control measures used in this study \r\nto ensure analytical accuracy included replicate sampling, replicate \r\nanalysis of split samples, ambient blanks, equipment blanks, and analysis \r\nof standard reference water samples.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9866","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Huff, G.F., 1998, Water-quality data for the Rio Grande between Picacho Bridge near Las Cruces and Calle del Norte Bridge near Mesilla, New Mexico, 1996-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-66, iii, 58 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9866.","productDescription":"iii, 58 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0066/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52716,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e57d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huff, G. F.","contributorId":11229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25951,"text":"wri974240 - 1998 - Analysis of ground-water-quality data of the Upper Colorado River basin, water years 1972-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"wri974240","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4240","title":"Analysis of ground-water-quality data of the Upper Colorado River basin, water years 1972-92","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment program, an analysis of the existing ground-water-quality data in the Upper Colorado River Basin study unit is necessary to provide information on the historic water-quality conditions. Analysis of the historical data provides information on the availability or lack of data and water-quality issues. The information gathered from the historical data will be used in the design of ground-water-quality studies in the basin. This report includes an analysis of the ground-water data (well and spring data) available for the Upper Colorado River Basin study unit from water years 1972 to 1992 for major cations and anions, metals and selected trace elements, and nutrients. The data used in the analysis of the ground-water quality in the Upper Colorado River Basin study unit were predominantly from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment data bases. A total of 212 sites representing alluvial aquifers and 187 sites representing bedrock aquifers were used in the analysis. The available data were not ideal for conducting a comprehensive basinwide water-quality assessment because of lack of sufficient geographical coverage.Evaluation of the ground-water data in the Upper Colorado River Basin study unit was based on the regional environmental setting, which describes the natural and human factors that can affect the water quality. In this report, the ground-water-quality information is evaluated on the basis of aquifers or potential aquifers (alluvial, Green River Formation, Mesaverde Group, Mancos Shale, Dakota Sandstone, Morrison Formation, Entrada Sandstone, Leadville Limestone, and Precambrian) and land-use classifications for alluvial aquifers.Most of the ground-water-quality data in the study unit were for major cations and anions and dissolved-solids concentrations. The aquifer with the highest median concentrations of major ions was the Mancos Shale. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant level of 500 milligrams per liter for dissolved solids in drinking water was exceeded in about 75 percent of the samples from the Mancos Shale aquifer. The guideline by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States for irrigation water of 2,000 milligrams per liter was also exceeded by the median concentration from the Mancos Shale aquifer. For sulfate, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposed maximum contaminant level of 500 milligrams per liter for drinking water was exceeded by the median concentration for the Mancos Shale aquifer. A total of 66 percent of the sites in the Mancos Shale aquifer exceeded the proposed maximum contaminant level.Metal and selected trace-element data were available for some sites, but most of these data also were below the detection limit. The median concentrations for iron for the selected aquifers and land-use classifications were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant level of 300 micrograms per liter in drinking water. Median concentration of manganese for the Mancos Shale exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant level of 50 micrograms per liter in drinking water. The highest selenium concentrations were in the alluvial aquifer and were associated with rangeland. However, about 22 percent of the selenium values from the Mancos Shale exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 50 micrograms per liter in drinking water.Few nutrient data were available for the study unit. The only nutrient species presented in this report were nitrate-plus-nitrite as nitrogen and orthophosphate. Median concentrations for nitrate-plus-nitrite as nitrogen were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter in drinking water except for 0.02 percent of the sites in the al","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974240","usgsCitation":"Apodaca, L., 1998, Analysis of ground-water-quality data of the Upper Colorado River basin, water years 1972-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4240, vi, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974240.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_97_4240.jpg"},{"id":1965,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri974240","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e482ae4b07f02db4e75d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apodaca, L.E.","contributorId":73635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apodaca","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23672,"text":"ofr9817 - 1998 - Status yields and trends of nutrients and sediment and methods of analysis for nontidal data-collection programs, Chesapeake Bay basin, 1985-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T10:31:36","indexId":"ofr9817","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-17","title":"Status yields and trends of nutrients and sediment and methods of analysis for nontidal data-collection programs, Chesapeake Bay basin, 1985-96","docAbstract":"Data from more than 200 sites in nontidal portions of the Chesapeake Bay were compiled to\r\ndocument annual nutrient and sediment loads and trends for the period 1985 through 1996 as part of the\r\n1997 Reevaluation of the Chesapeake Bay Program goal of reducing nutrient loads 40 percent by the year\r\n2000. Annual loads were estimated by use of the Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (MVUE) model\r\nat 95 sites with continuous streamflow data. Trends were estimated by use of either the MVUE or the\r\nSeasonal Kendall test at 202 sites and are presented in tables in this report. Trends analyzed in nutrient and\r\nsediment concentrations were reported as non-streamflow adjusted and streamflow adjusted if possible.\r\nMean yields from the MVUE model and median concentrations from the Seasonal Kendall test were\r\ncalculated to help facilitate comparisons between basins.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9817","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Langland, M.J., Edwards, R.E., and Darrell, L.C., 1998, Status yields and trends of nutrients and sediment and methods of analysis for nontidal data-collection programs, Chesapeake Bay basin, 1985-96: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-17, iii, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9817.","productDescription":"iii, 60 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350704,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0017/ofr19980017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"550 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1998-0017"},{"id":157457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0017/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Mississippian and younger geologic units form a regional system of aquifers and confining units in the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The area of the regional aquifer system is about 22,000 square miles. The aquifer system consists of three bedrock aquifers, which are separated by confining units. Bedrock aquifers and confining units are overlain by surficial glaciofluvial aquifers, which are complexly intercalated with confining beds composed of glacial till and fine-grained lacustrine deposits.
Geophysical and geologic logs were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework of this regional aquifer system and to delineate and map boundaries of aquifers and confining units. Geophysical logs and water-quality data were used to delineate the base of freshwater within the aquifer system and to determine geologic controls on the distribution of freshwater in the aquifer-system units.
Pleistocene glaciofluvial deposits are the largest reservoir of fresh ground water in the mapped region, and the thickness of this aquifer unit exceeds 900 feet in some areas. The Saginaw aquifer, the composite of sandstones of Pennsylvanian age, typically ranges in thickness from 100 to 350 feet in areas where this unit is used for water supply. In the western part of the aquifer system, the Saginaw aquifer is separated from glacial deposits by 100 to 150 feet of Jurassic \"red beds.\" \"Red beds\" are a confining unit, and the Saginaw aquifer contains saline water where it is overlain by these deposits. The Saginaw confining unit, which is principally shale, separates the Saginaw aquifer from the underlying Parma-Bayport aquifer. Thickness of the Saginaw confining unit is about 50 feet in the eastern and the southern parts of the aquifer system, about 100 feet in the north, and 100 to 250 feet in the west. The Parma-Bayport aquifer, which consists mostly of permeable sandstones and carbonates, is 100 to 150 feet thick in most areas. The ParmaBayport aquifer contains freshwater only in subcrop areas where it is in direct hydraulic connection with glacial deposits. Dissolved-solids concentration of ground water increases down regional dip in the ParmaBayport aquifer, and saline water or brine is present in this aquifer where it is overlain by the Saginaw confining unit.
The Michigan confining unit, which is about 300 to 400 feet thick in most of the area mapped, is primarily interbedded shale, carbonate, and evaporite. This confining unit overlies the Marshall aquifer, which consists of one or more stratigraphically continuous sandstones of Mississippian age. Composite thickness of blanket sandstones that form the Marshall aquifer is typically 75 to 200 feet. Freshwater is present in the Marshall aquifer only in areas where it is a subcrop beneath glacial deposits. Dissolved-solids concentration of ground water in the Marshall aquifer increases down regional dip, and saline water or brine is present in this unit where it underlies beds of the Michigan confining unit. The Mississippian Coldwater Shale forms the base of the regional aquifer system.
Relief on the base of freshwater is about 600 feet. Altitudes of the base of freshwater are low (200 to 400 feet) along a 30- to 45-mile-wide north-south-trending corridor near the center of the aquifer system. The trend of this corridor corresponds to an area where thickness of the Saginaw aquifer ranges from 100 to 370 feet. In isolated areas in the northern and the western parts of the aquifer system, the altitude of the base of freshwater is below 400 feet; however, the altitude is above 400 feet in most of the mapped area. In the southern and the northern parts of the aquifer system, where the Saginaw aquifer is thin or absent, altitudes of the base of freshwater range from 700 to 800 feet and from 500 to 700 feet, respectively.
Geologic controls on the distribution of freshwater in the regional aquifer system are (1) direct hydraulic connection between sandstone aquifers and freshwater-bearing, permeable glacial deposits; (2) impedance of upward discharge of saline water from sandstones by lodgment tills with very low permeability; (3) impedance of recharge of freshwater to bedrock (or discharge of saline water from bedrock) by very low permeability Jurassic \"red beds\"; and (4) the presence of units characterized by very low vertical-hydraulic-conductivity, which are within and between sandstone units.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/pp1418","usgsCitation":"Westjohn, D.B., and Weaver, T.L., 1998, Hydrogeologic framework of the Michigan Basin regional aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1418, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1418.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1418/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33995,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1418/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Michigan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89,\n 46.3333\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 46.3333\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 46.3333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627a00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westjohn, David B.","contributorId":84401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westjohn","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, T. L.","contributorId":24339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223300,"text":"5223300 - 1998 - Estimating species richness: The importance of heterogeneity in species detectability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T16:26:47.111214","indexId":"5223300","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating species richness: The importance of heterogeneity in species detectability","docAbstract":"Estimating species richness (i.e., the actual number of species present in a given area) is a basic objective of many field studies carried out in community ecology and is also of crucial concern when dealing with the conservation and management of biodiversity. In most studies, the total number of species recorded in an area at a given time is taken as a measure of species richness. Here we use a capture–recapture approach to species richness estimation with North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data in order to estimate species detectability and thus gain insight about its importance. In particular, competing models making different assumptions about species detectability are available. We carried out analyses on all survey routes of four states, Arizona, Maryland, North Dakota, and Wisconsin, in two years, 1970 and 1990. These states were chosen to provide contrasting habitats, bird species composition, and survey quality. We investigated the effect of state, year, and observer ability on the proportions of different models selected, and on estimates of detectability and species richness. Our results indicate that model Mh, which assumes heterogeneous detection probability among species, is frequently appropriate for estimating species richness from BBS data. Species detectability varied among states and was higher for the more skilled observers. These results emphasize the need to take into account potential heterogeneities in detectability among species in studies of factors affecting species richness.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1018:ESRTIO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Boulinier, T., Nichols, J.D., Sauer, J.R., Hines, J.E., and Pollock, K.H., 1998, Estimating species richness: The importance of heterogeneity in species detectability: Ecology, v. 79, no. 3, p. 1018-1028, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1018:ESRTIO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1018","endPage":"1028","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc8f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boulinier, T.","contributorId":37845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulinier","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, John R. 0000-0002-4557-3019 jrsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":146917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":4971,"text":"fs01298 - 1998 - Federal Coal in the United States: A Digital Database of Coal Ownership Status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"fs01298","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"012-98","title":"Federal Coal in the United States: A Digital Database of Coal Ownership Status","docAbstract":"As United States coal resources continue to be examined for potential development, a critical need exists for a digital database containing locations and status of all Federal coal resources. This Fact Sheet describes the development of such a digital database and presents examples of how the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has used these coal ownership data. This database and its products are designed to help policy makers and land-use planners make wise decisions regarding Federal land use while maintaining a healthy domestic energy industry. Although the State of Alaska has vast coal resources, much of which is Federally owned, digital data for Alaskan coal ownership are not currently available. Therefore, information presented here refers only to coal in the conterminous United States.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs01298","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, Federal Coal in the United States: A Digital Database of Coal Ownership Status: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 012-98, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01298.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0012/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":11355,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/fs012-98/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":31819,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6554,"text":"fs19297 - 1998 - Comparison of NPDES program findings for selected cities in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T06:38:58","indexId":"fs19297","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"192-97","title":"Comparison of NPDES program findings for selected cities in the United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, under section 402 (p) of the Water Quality Act of 1987, has required municipalities with populations of more than 100,000 to obtain National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits for urban stormwater discharge. This regulation is intended to minimize pollutant loadings from urbanized areas and preserve the quality of streams that receive stormwater. To apply for a NPDES permit, a municipality must monitor the chemistry of stormwater from basins having residential, commercial, and industrial land uses, and estimate storm- and annual pollutant loads and event-mean concentrations of 12 selected properties and constituents. The properties and constituents include biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids, dissolved solids, total nitrogen, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, total recoverable cadmium, total recoverable copper, total recoverable lead, and total recoverable zinc. These estimates will be used by the municipalities to evaluate the magnitude of pollutant loadings and the ef ficiency of management strategies that are intended to reduce pollutant loads.
\nAs part of a national synthesis of the study units in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) NPDES program, data were compiled on concentrations of the 12 properties and constituents required for load calculations. This report presents a comparison of these data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs19297","usgsCitation":"Fossum, K.D., and McDoniel, D.S., 1998, Comparison of NPDES program findings for selected cities in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 192-97, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs19297.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287721,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0192-97/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fossum, Kenneth D.","contributorId":34121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fossum","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDoniel, Dawn S.","contributorId":48549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDoniel","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6644,"text":"fs00398 - 1998 - Changes in sediment and nutrient storage in three reservoirs in the lower Susquehanna River Basin and implications for the Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T14:26:05","indexId":"fs00398","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"003-98","title":"Changes in sediment and nutrient storage in three reservoirs in the lower Susquehanna River Basin and implications for the Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"The Susquehanna River contributes nearly 50 percent of the freshwater discharge to the Chesapeake Bay in a year of normal or average streamflow. The river also transports the greatest amount of nutrients (estimates of nearly 66 percent of the nitrogen and 40 percent of the phosphorus load) from all nontidal areas in the Chesapeake Bay Basin. Excessive nutrients in the Bay result in algal blooms that decrease the amount of light reaching submerged aquatic vegetation, and upon decomposition, deplete the oxygen in the water. In a normal-flow year, the Susquehanna River also contributes about 25 percent of the sediment load from non-tidal areas to the Bay. Suspended sediments also reduce light needed by submerged aquatic vegetation and can smother living-resource habitat and obstruct fish gills.
A reservoir system consisting of Lake Clarke, Lake Aldred, and Conowingo Reservoir is formed by three consecutive hydroelectric dams on the Lower Susquehanna River. Safe Harbor Dam, which forms Lake Clarke, was built in 1931. Holtwood Dam, the smallest of the three, was built in 1910 to form Lake Aldred. The largest and most downstream dam, Conowingo Dam, was built in 1928 and forms Conowingo Reservoir. Since construction, the reservoirs have been filling with sediment and sediment-associated nutrients. The upper two reservoirs have reached their capacity to store sediments and generally no longer trap nutrients and sediments. Conowingo Reservoir has not reached storage capacity, however, and is currently trapping about 70 percent of the suspended-sediment load, 2 percent of the total-nitrogen load, and 40 percent of the total-phosphorus load that would otherwise be discharged to the Chesapeake Bay (Ott and others, 1991).
In 1990, 1993, and 1996, the U.S. Geological Survey collected information on the depth to sediment in the reservoirs to determine the remaining sediment-storage capacity in the reservoir system and to estimate when the reservoirs will reach sediment-storage capacity. In addition, sediment cores were collected and analyzed in 1993 and 1996 to determine the nutrient mass remaining in the Conowingo Reservoir. The 1996 data collection followed a major flood in the Susquehanna River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs00398","usgsCitation":"Langland, M.J., 1998, Changes in sediment and nutrient storage in three reservoirs in the lower Susquehanna River Basin and implications for the Chesapeake Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 003-98, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00398.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0003/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":34070,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0003/fs19980003.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The USGS is the country's leading earth science organization. Since 1879, USGS scientists have gathered and analyzed data and disseminated the results of their research on the geology, cartography, hydrology, and, more recently biology, of every continent and ocean on Earth. Multidisciplinary research both in the United States and in the international arena has been an important part of the USGS mission. The USGS Mineral Resources Program is the sole Federal agency program that provides high-quality scientific information, objective resource assessments, and unbiased research results on mineral issues
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs01198","usgsCitation":"Kropschot, S., 1998, USGS Mineral Resources Program: International Activities: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 011-98, 1 folded sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01198.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_011_98.jpg"},{"id":118,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0011-98/fs-0011-98.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6117d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kropschot, S.J.","contributorId":8456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kropschot","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6922,"text":"fs16097 - 1998 - Low-flow water-quality characterization of the Gore Creek watershed, upper Colorado River basin, Colorado, August 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:47","indexId":"fs16097","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"160-97","title":"Low-flow water-quality characterization of the Gore Creek watershed, upper Colorado River basin, Colorado, August 1996","docAbstract":"The Upper Colorado River Basin (UCOL) is one of 59 National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) study units designed to assess the status and trends of the Nation?s water quality (Leahy and others, 1990). The UCOL study unit began operation in 1994, and surface-water-quality data collection at a network of 14 sites began in October 1995 (Apodaca and others, 1996; Spahr and others, 1996). Gore Creek, which flows through Vail, Colorado, originates in pristine alpine headwaters and is designated a gold-medal trout fishery. The creek drains an area of about 102 square miles and is a tributary to the Eagle River. Gore Creek at the mouth near Minturn (site 13 in fig. 1) is one of the 14 sites in the UCOL network. This site was selected to evaluate water quality resulting from urban development and recreational land use. The Gore Creek watershed has undergone rapid land-use changes since the 1960?s as the Vail area shifted from traditional mountain ranchlands to a four-season resort community. Residential, recreational, commercial, and transportation development continues near Gore Creek and its tributaries to support the increasing permanent and tourist population of the area. Interstate 70 runs through the watershed from Vail Pass near site 14, along the eastern side of Black Gore Creek, and along the northern side of the main stem of Gore Creek to the mouth of the watershed (fig. 1). A major local concern is how increasing urbanization/recreation affects the water quality, gold-medal trout fishery, and aesthetic values of Gore Creek. An evaluation of the spatial characteristics of water quality in the watershed upstream from site 13 at the mouth of Gore Creek (fig. 1) can provide local water and land managers with information necessary to establish water policy and make land-use planning decisions to maintain or improve water quality. Historical data collected at the mouth of Gore Creek provide information about water quality resulting from land use, but a synoptic sampling is needed to determine the distribution and sources of water-quality constituents at one point in time. In August 1996, a low-flow synoptic sampling for analyses of water-quality properties and constituents at sites in the Gore Creek watershed was done by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Town of Vail, Eagle River Water and Sanitation District, Upper Eagle River Water Authority, and Northwest Colorado Council of Governments, to evaluate the water quality of Gore Creek. The August low-flow period can be important from water-quality and stream ecology perspectives. There is less water available to dilute any contaminants entering the streams, and stream temperatures are highest during August. Physical habitat for aquatic plants and animals is smaller than during most other times of the year. To address these more extreme water-quality and ecological conditions, the synoptic sampling was conducted during the summer low-flow period. Specific objectives of this sampling included: 1. Establish a current data set representing the spatial characteristics of low-flow water-quality conditions in the Gore Creek watershed, and 2. Develop some understanding of land-use and water-quality relations in the watershed. This fact sheet presents hydrologic background information and an analysis of general water-quality properties and constituents, trace elements, and nutrients collected in water samples during low-flow synoptic sampling of the Gore Creek watershed. The U.S. Geological Survey also is conducting a study of the algae and macroinvertebrate communities and physical habitat of streams in the Gore Creek watershed during low flow. This study is designed to provide information about land-use and stream ecology relations in the watershed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nNational Water-Quality Assessment,","doi":"10.3133/fs16097","usgsCitation":"Wynn, K.H., and Spahr, N.E., 1998, Low-flow water-quality characterization of the Gore Creek watershed, upper Colorado River basin, Colorado, August 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 160-97, [4] p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16097.","productDescription":"[4] p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":703,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-160-97/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34213,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynn, Kirby H.","contributorId":37316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Kirby","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":153569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70759,"text":"fs03498 - 1998 - The National Methods and Data Comparability Board--collaboration and comparability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:05","indexId":"fs03498","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"034-98","title":"The National Methods and Data Comparability Board--collaboration and comparability","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs03498","usgsCitation":"Shockey, M., and Brass, H., 1998, The National Methods and Data Comparability Board--collaboration and comparability: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 034-98, 4 p., 2 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03498.","productDescription":"4 p., 2 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b001","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shockey, M.W.","contributorId":57962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shockey","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brass, Herbert","contributorId":12577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brass","given":"Herbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22293,"text":"ofr98632 - 1998 - Water use and quality of fresh surface-water resources in the Barataria-Terrebonne Basins, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T20:53:28.720624","indexId":"ofr98632","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-632","title":"Water use and quality of fresh surface-water resources in the Barataria-Terrebonne Basins, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Approximately 170 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) of ground- and surface-water was withdrawn from the Barataria-Terrebonne Basins in 1995. Of this amount, surface water accounted for 64 percent ( 110 MgaVd) of the total withdrawal rates in the basins. The largest surface-water withdrawal rates were from Bayou Lafourche ( 40 Mgal/d), Bayou Boeuf ( 14 MgaVd), and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (4.2 Mgal/d). The largest ground-water withdrawal rates were from the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer (29 Mgal/d), the Gonzales-New Orleans aquifer (9.5 Mgal/d), and the Norco aquifer (3.6 MgaVd).
\n\nThe amounts of water withdrawn in the basins in 1995 differed by category of use. Public water suppliers within the basins withdrew 41 Mgal/d of water. The five largest public water suppliers in the basins withdrew 30 Mgal/d of surface water: Terrebonne Waterworks District 1 withdrew the largest amount, almost 15 MgaVd. Industrial facilities withdrew 88 Mgal/d, fossil-fuel plants withdrew 4.7 MgaVd, and commercial facilities withdrew 0.67 MgaVd. Aggregate water-withdrawal rates, compiled by parish for aquaculture (37 Mgal/d), livestock (0.56 Mgal/d), rural domestic (0.44 MgaVd), and irrigation uses (0.54 MgaVd), totaled about 38 MgaVd in the basins. Ninety-five percent of aquaculture withdrawal rates, primarily for crawfish and alligator farming, were from surface-water sources.
\n\n>br>\n\nTotal water-withdrawal rates increased 221 percent from 1960–95. Surface-water withdrawal rates have increased by 310 percent, and ground-water withdrawal rates have increased by 133 percent. The projection for the total water-withdrawal rates in 2020 is 220 MgaVd, an increase of 30 percent from 1995. Surface-water withdrawal rates would account for 59 percent of the total, or 130 Mgal/d. Surface-water withdrawal rates are projected to increase by 20 percent from 1995 to 2020.
\n\nAnalysis of water-quality data from the Mississippi River indicates that the main threats to surface water resources are from the herbicide atrazine and excessive nutrients. Atrazine concentrations in the Mississippi River at Baton Rouge briefly exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 3.0 micrograms per liter during periods in the late spring and early summer. Trace metals in bottom material collected from Bayou Lafourche indicate that the reach of Bayou Lafourche from Donaldsonville to Golden Meadow is adversely affected by low-level contamination. Dissolved nitrate had a mean concentration of 1.4 milligrams per liter in the Mississippi River near Bayou Lafourche and can contribute to excessive plant growth.
\n\nLong-term salinity records near Bayou Lafourche indicate no pronounced trends, with the exception of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway at Houma. At this site, salinities remained low until 1961, when the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway was connected to the Gulf of Mexico by the Houma Navigation Canal. The sources of saltwater are variable. Some saltwater has entered Bayou Lafourche south of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway; at other times saltwater has moved up the Houma Navigation Canal and has flowed east in the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, north into Company Canal, and southeast in Bayou Lafourche towards Larose, Louisiana.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98632","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program","usgsCitation":"Johnson-Thibaut, P.M., Demcheck, D.K., Swarzenski, C.M., and Ensminger, P.A., 1998, Water use and quality of fresh surface-water resources in the Barataria-Terrebonne Basins, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-632, Report: iv, 47 p.; 1 Map: 24.00 x 18.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98632.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 47 p.; 1 Map: 24.00 x 18.00 inches","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430164,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16372.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283814,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr98-632/pdf/of1998-632_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr98-632/","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283813,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr98-632/pdf/of1998-632.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283816,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria-Terrebonne Basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.81954122716522,\n 30.762616503019416\n ],\n [\n -91.81954122716522,\n 29.036394388511\n ],\n [\n -89.743022989434,\n 29.036394388511\n ],\n [\n -89.743022989434,\n 30.762616503019416\n ],\n [\n -91.81954122716522,\n 30.762616503019416\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f004f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson-Thibaut, Penny M.","contributorId":10830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson-Thibaut","given":"Penny","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demcheck, Dennis K. 0000-0003-2981-078X ddemchec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-078X","contributorId":3273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demcheck","given":"Dennis","email":"ddemchec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":187939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher M. 0000-0001-9843-1471 cswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","email":"cswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ensminger, Paul A. 0000-0002-0536-0369 paensmin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0536-0369","contributorId":4754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ensminger","given":"Paul","email":"paensmin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70181805,"text":"70181805 - 1998 - Intercomparison of principal hydrometric instruments; Third phase, Evaluation of ultrasonic velocity meters for flow measurement in streams, canals, and estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T13:27:48","indexId":"70181805","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Intercomparison of principal hydrometric instruments; Third phase, Evaluation of ultrasonic velocity meters for flow measurement in streams, canals, and estuaries","docAbstract":"As part of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) project Intercomparison of Principal Hydrometric Instruments, Third Phase, a questionnaire was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on the application of Ultrasonic Velocity Meters (UVM's) for flowmeasurement in streams, canals, and estuaries. In 1996, this questionnaire was distributed internationally by the WMO and USGS, and distributed within the United States by the USGS. Completed questionnaires were returned by 26 agencies in 7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States). The completed questionnaires described geometric and streamflow conditions, system configurations, and reasons for applying UVM systems for 260 sites, thus providing information on the applicability of UVM systems throughout the world. The completed questionnaires also provided information on operational issues such as (1) methods used to determine and verify UVM ratings, (2) methods used to determine the mean flow velocity for UVM systems, (3) operational reliability of UVM systems, (4) methods to estimate missing data, (5) common problems with UVM systems and guidelines to mitigate these problems, and (6) personnel training issues. The completed questionnaires also described a few unique or novel applications of UVM systems. In addition to summarizing the completed questionnaires, this report includes a brief overview of UVM application and operation, and a short summary of current (1998) information from UVM system manufacturers regarding system cost and capabilities. On the basis of the information from the completed questionnaires and provided by the manufacturers, the general applicability of UVM systems is discussed. In the finalisation of this report the financial support provided by the US National Committee for Scientific Hydrology is gratefully acknowledged.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"WMO/TD","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Meteorological Organization","publisherLocation":"Geneva, Switzerland","usgsCitation":"Melching, C.S., and Meno, M.W., 1998, Intercomparison of principal hydrometric instruments; Third phase, Evaluation of ultrasonic velocity meters for flow measurement in streams, canals, and estuaries.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a4253be4b0c825128ad481","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melching, Charles S.","contributorId":8135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melching","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meno, Michael W.","contributorId":181570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meno","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015680,"text":"1015680 - 1998 - Molecular contributions to conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T16:31:00.971706","indexId":"1015680","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular contributions to conservation","docAbstract":"Recent advances in molecular technology have opened a new chapter in species conservation efforts, as well as population biology. DNA sequencing, MHC (major histocompatibility complex), minisatellite, microsatellite, and RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) procedures allow for identification of parentage, more distant relatives, founders to new populations, unidentified individuals, population structure, effective population size, population-specific markers, etc. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification of mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, ribosomal DNA, chloroplast DNA, and other systems provide for more sophisticated analyses of metapopulation structure, hybridization events, and delineation of species, subspecies, and races, all of which aid in setting species recovery priorities. Each technique can be powerful in its own right but is most credible when used in conjunction with other molecular techniques and, most importantly, with ecological and demographic data collected from the field. Surprisingly few taxa of concern have been assayed with any molecular technique. Thus, rather than showcasing exhaustive details from a few well-known examples, this paper attempts to present a broad range of cases in which molecular techniques have been used to provide insight into conservation efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0413:MCTC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Haig, S.M., 1998, Molecular contributions to conservation: Ecology, v. 79, no. 2, p. 413-425, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0413:MCTC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5871,"text":"pp1573 - 1998 - Sediment transport at gaging stations near Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1980-90. Data collection and analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T21:01:30.440904","indexId":"pp1573","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1573","title":"Sediment transport at gaging stations near Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1980-90. Data collection and analysis","docAbstract":"River sedimentation caused by the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, has been monitored in a continuing program by the U.S. Geological Survey. In this report, sediment discharge and changes in sediment transport are summarized from data collected at stream-gaging stations near Mount St. Helens during the years 1980 through 1990. The objectives of the monitoring program included collection of data for calculation of total sediment discharge, computation of daily suspended-sediment discharge, and detailed observations of unique sediment-laden flows. Over the 11-year period, most sediment data were collected at gaging stations on seven eruption affected streams: the Green River, the North and South Fork Toutle Rivers, the Toutle River, the Cowlitz River, Clearwater Creek, and the Muddy River.
\nAbout 170 million tons of sediment (excluding volcanic debris flows) were transported in suspension from the Toutle River basin during water years 1980–90. Another 13 million tons were transported past the gaging stations on Muddy River in the upper Lewis River basin during water years 1982–90. Long-term reductions in sediment concentration occurred within most ranges of stream discharge at streams dominated by transport from the debris-avalanche deposit and at streams in drainage basins with extensive airfall deposits. Reductions in sediment concentration were less apparent at upper ranges of discharge in two streams dominated by lahar deposits, the South Fork Toutle River and the Muddy River.
\nBed material, suspended sediment, and bedload were sampled periodically and analyzed for size distributions. Bed material and bedload coarsened with time at some stations. Median particle sizes of suspended sediment did not show a simple relation with time. During water years 1980–84, bed material in the lower Toutle River was medium to coarse sand. During the same period, bed material in the North Fork Toutle River was coarse sand and fine gravel. By 1990, bedload samples collected in the North Fork Toutle River (downstream from the sediment-retention structure) were typically coarse gravel.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1573","usgsCitation":"Dinehart, R.L., 1998, Sediment transport at gaging stations near Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1980-90. Data collection and analysis (Revised June 5, 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1573, Report: x, 105 p.; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1573.","productDescription":"Report: x, 105 p.; Readme","numberOfPages":"118","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393255,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13148.htm"},{"id":279266,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1573/readme.htm"},{"id":32685,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1573/pdf/PP1573.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":713,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1573/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater Creek, Cowlitz River, Green River, Mount St. Helens, Muddy River, North Fork Toutle River, South Fork Toutle River, Toutle River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.95,\n 46.05\n ],\n [\n -121.95,\n 46.05\n ],\n [\n -121.95,\n 46.583\n ],\n [\n -122.95,\n 46.583\n ],\n [\n -122.95,\n 46.05\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Revised June 5, 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinehart, Randal L.","contributorId":21151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinehart","given":"Randal","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}